Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly Q3 2016

ICF (formerly ICF SH&E) is pleased to present the 13th edition of Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly, Introduction published in association with Mergermarket. The publication highlights activity and trends in aircraft, , aerospace, airport and tourism M&A in Q3 2016. Aircraft

Airlines GMR Airports, a subsidiary of India’s GMR Infrastructure, detailed traffic forecast study and develop a forecast model celebrated winning a bid in the third quarter to develop in support of their bid. Aerospace and operate Mopa Greenfield Airport in the Indian state of Also in the airport sector, a continuation of the part- Airport Goa. The concession period for the project will be 40 years, privatisation of French gateways, with a consortium led by with the option of extending by a further 20 years through VINCI Airports agreeing to take a 60% stake in Lyon Airport. Tourism another bid process. The airport will be built under a Build The French Government has been following a strategy Quarterly Spotlights Operate Transfer (BOT) model. of selling off stakes in publicly-held airports in order to fund GMR’s airport portfolio also includes Indira Gandhai other infrastructure projects. The third quarter also saw a About ICF International in New Delhi and Greenfield Rajiv International consortium consisting of Atlantia, Aeroporti di Roma and in Hyderabad. ICF were engaged by GMR to conduct a French energy company EDF winning a government tender

Ranking Target Company Bidder Company Deal Value US$(m) Sector 1 ITP (53.1%) Rolls-Royce 795 Aerospace 2 Arcam General Electric 762 Aerospace 3 SLM Solutions GE 647 Aerospace 4 LATAM Airlines Group (10%) 613 Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 1 Q3 2016 to acquire a 64% stake in Nice Airport’s operator, Aeroports Introduction de la Cote D’Azur. Regional Trends Qatar Airways continued with its foreign airline 1. On the buy side, both North American and Aircraft stake spree in the third quarter of 2016, taking minority European buyers were successful in their Airlines holdings in ’s and South American carrier acquisitions of 10 firms. group LATAM, and further boosting its investment in 2. North American firms were the top targets, Aerospace ’ parent company, International Airlines with 12 companies acquired. Airport Group (IAG). The Middle Eastern airline announced during the 3. The majority of deals were intra-regional and Tourism Farnborough Air Show in July that it had agreed to focused in North America and Europe, respectively. Quarterly Spotlights purchase 49% of Meridiana’s shares from holding company Alisarda. The Sardinian airline is the second-largest carrier and purchases, primarily in the aerospace sector, in the About ICF in Italy after . With this Italian deal, Qatar Airways third quarter. A number of management buyouts were follows in the footsteps of rival Gulf carrier , funded by private equity during the three months ended which acquired a 49% stake in Alitalia in 2014. September 30. On the aerospace side, General Electric demonstrated Notable private equity purchases included Versa its confidence in the additive manufacturing business Capital Management’s acquisition of Silver Airways for an with the acquisition of two 3D printing firms – Arcam and undisclosed sum. The Florida-based airline operates a fleet SLM Solutions – for a combined value of US$1.4bn. The of Saab 340B turboprops and serves 20 US destinations, as engine manufacturer has previously highlighted additive well as the Bahamas and Cuba. manufacturing as a key growth area. Two additional private equity aerospace purchases Rival engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce also had an were the acquisition of ZTM, a Wichita-based supplier of active fourth quarter, agreeing to acquire 53.1% of Spanish large, complex metallic parts and assemblies for the global aircraft engine maker Industria de Turbo Propulsores (ITP) aerospace industry, by Liberty Hall Capital Partners, and for US$795m. the takeover of Raisbeck Engineering – a Seattle-based firm specializing in the manufacture of performance Private Equity Trends improvement systems for commercial and general aviation Private equity firms were involved in a mixture of exits aircraft – by Acorn Growth Companies. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 2 Q3 2016 M&A Volume M&A Value Introduction

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alue alue 100 10 Quarterly Spotlights 1000 About ICF 00

0 0 Airport Aircrat Airline Aerospace ouris Airport Aircrat Airline Aerospace ouris

Key Key Q1 2016 Q2 2016 Q3 2016 Q1 2016 Q2 2016 Q3 2016 *Only publicly reported transaction values are included in the M&A Value graph

Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 3 Q3 2016 Aircraft Introduction Leasing Activity Subdued In Q3, But Not For Long Aircraft Airlines

After a run of aircraft leasing transactions throughout 2015, the third quarter of this year seemed Aerospace comparatively quiet, with the exception of deals announced by Bohai Financial Investment and Airport Natixis Asset Management. However, Q4 had a strong start – again involving Bohai – indicating that the lull in activity could turn out to be a temporary blip. Tourism

Quarterly Spotlights Aircraft leasing M&A activity was notably subdued in Bohai Bucks Downward Leasing Transaction Trend Q3 following a number of extremely active quarters While others may be treading more cautiously, Bohai About ICF in which a flurry of transactions was seen. The quarter Financial Investment showed continued confidence in leading into Q3 was also quiet on this front following the market in Q3 with the acquisition of a 12.79% stake a previous run of lessor transactions, particularly in the in Hong Kong Aviation Capital. Asia-Pacific region. Low oil prices could affect the rate at which airlines look to lease the newest and most fuel-efficient narrowbodies from Airbus and Boeing – the A320Neo “...signs of a softening in the widebody and 737Max families – preferring instead to extend leases market are beginning to surface, of older, less fuel-efficient mid-life aircraft. Additionally, signs of a softening in the widebody particularly on the Airbus A380 and market are beginning to surface, particularly on the Boeing 777 side. Airbus A380 and Boeing 777 side. Singapore Airlines – the launch customer for Airbus’s superjumbo – decided – the launch customer for Airbus’s in September not to extend the lease on its first A380. It superjumbo – decided in September has yet to decide whether to extend the leases on another four of the type. not to extend the lease on its first A380.” Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 4 Q3 2016 The Chinese company bought the stake from Guangzhou Natixis To Open Aircraft Debt Fund Introduction Zeda Textile, HNA Group and Hong Kong International Natixis Asset Management is to add a new area of Aviation Leasing. The transaction is in line with Bohai’s expertise that will include the opening of an aircraft Aircraft strategy to improve its business structure and profitability, debt fund by the end of 2016. Airlines and develop a broad investment strategy, of which aircraft The French asset manager announced in September leasing continues to be an important part. that “to meet the challenge posed by persistently Aerospace Bohai demonstrated how serious it was about the low interest rates and to address investors’ need for Airport aircraft leasing market in the third quarter of 2015, when diversification”, it sees private financing of real assets it acquired 100% of Irish lessor and lease management as “a potential source of performance”. Tourism company Avolon Holdings in a deal valued at US$7.3bn. To this end, Natixis has selected three sectors to Quarterly Spotlights Evidence of Bohai’s seriousness was demonstrated focus its efforts on: real estate, infrastructure and aircraft again early in the fourth quarter of this year when Avolon finance. The firm believes that real asset private debt About ICF agreed to acquire the CIT Commercial Air unit from CIT offers “significant benefits in the current environment,” Group for a total consideration of US$10bn. Avolon will including a wide range of potential yields, a source of pay US$10bn for US$9.4bn net asset value, representing diversification for bond portfolios, and an alternative to a premium of 6.7%. traditional investments. The acquisition will double the scale of Avolon’s business and create the third-largest aircraft leasing platform with a combined fleet of 910 aircraft. The CIT “Low oil prices could affect the Commercial Air unit includes 334 owned aircraft and 133 rate at which airlines look to lease aircraft on order or committed. Avolon has a pipeline of future deliveries for 282 aircraft. the newest and most fuel-efficient Also in early Q4, global investment bank and advisory narrowbodies from Airbus and firm Guggenheim Partners sold its aircraft investment and management business, Guggenheim Aviation Partners, Boeing…preferring instead to extend to its management team. The new business will be leases of older, less fuel-efficient called Altavair and the plan is for it to grow its US$3.4bn commercial aircraft portfolio. mid-life aircraft.” Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 5 Q3 2016 Q3 2016 Highlighted Aircraft Transaction Introduction Announced Target Company Bidder Company Deal Value Date US$(m) Aircraft 07/30/2016 Hong Kong Aviation Capital (12.79% Stake) Bohai Financial Investment Holding 458 Airlines Co., Ltd. Aerospace

Airport The aircraft fund will be managed by Aymeric Angotti, who “While others may be treading more Tourism has 14 years of experience in the sector. In addition to the Quarterly Spotlights aircraft debt fund, Natixis will launch a junior debt fund cautiously, Bohai Financial Investment invested in aircraft and/or real estate assets. showed continued confidence in About ICF Ibrahima Kobar, co-CIO in charge of fixed income products at Natixis Asset Management, says the firm is the market in Q3 with the acquisition “very ambitious for the new real asset private debt activity”, of a 12.79% stake in Hong Kong and by 2018, “we aim to have close to €3bn in assets under management and a dedicated team of 15 specialists”. Aviation Capital.” Natixis is two years behind Investec Aviation Finance, which launched its first aircraft debt fund, the Aquila Debt Fund, in 2014. The firm closed its second aircraft debt firm earlier this year, and says it is on track to achieve US$1bn of managed debt funds by the end of 2016. The target yield of the new portfolio is 4% to 4.5%, which Alok Key Takeaways Wadhawan, co-head of aviation finance at Investec Bank, 1. Bohai Financial Investment acquires 12.79% says is a highly attractive return for European investors in stake in Hong Kong Aviation Capital the current yield environment. 2. Natixis Asset Management to open aircraft debt fund by the end of 2016

Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 6 Q3 2016 Airlines Introduction Airline Deals Span The Globe Aircraft Airlines

Aerospace The most notable airline transactions in the third quarter occurred across the continents and were not confined Airport to one geographic region. Deals involving Middle Eastern carriers were seen in Europe and Latin America, while private equity poured money into a U.S. carrier and European air taxi firms joined forces. Tourism

Quarterly Spotlights Qatar Airways Continues European Spending Spree “In addition to the stake increase, Qatar Airways carried on the trend of Gulf carriers About ICF acquiring stakes in European airlines in Q3 by doubling Qatar and British Airways announced its original shareholding in British Airways’ parent, IAG, in the third quarter that they will to just over 20%, and agreeing to acquire a 49% stake in Italy’s Meridiana. codeshare on all direct flights In an apparent mission to keep pace with Abu Dhabi- between Doha and the UK from based rival, Etihad Airways – which has taken minority stakes in a number of European airlines, including the end of October.” Alitalia, Air and – the Doha-based carrier made its fourth stake increase of 2016 in IAG, raising Union. The airline’s chief executive, Akbar Al Baker, has its shareholding from 15.67% to 20.01%. It now owns ruled out further stake increases. double the amount of shares it originally signed up for In addition to the stake increase, Qatar and British in the first quarter of 2015, when it acquired 9.99% of Airways announced in the third quarter that they will IAG for about US$1.7bn. codeshare on all direct flights between Doha and the Qatar Airways was handed an opportunity to up its UK from the end of October. Codeshare flights will also stake at a lower price after share prices in IAG plummeted operate from to destinations not served by British following the UK’s decision in June to leave the European Airways in the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 7 Q3 2016 Wijet Flags Down Fellow Air Taxi Operator Blink “Competition among US carriers Introduction French air taxi operator Wijet announced in Q3 its to secure Cuba rights was fierce, acquisition of UK air taxi operator Blink, in a bid to become Aircraft the world’s largest very light jet (VLJ) taxi company. providing an indication of the level Airlines The combined operators will initially have a fleet of demand airlines are expecting on of 15 Cessna Citation Mustang VLJs, but the plan is Aerospace to expand this to 45 aircraft within three years, either these routes.” Airport through additional acquisitions or by purchasing second- Qatar Airways used the high-profile Farnborough Air Show hand aircraft. Tourism in July to announce two other stake acquisitions. The aim of both companies is to develop a pan- Quarterly Spotlights The carrier agreed to acquire 49% of Italian airline European network, and by joining forces this goal will be Meridiana for an undisclosed sum and 10% of South more achievable. The current CEOs of Wijet and Blink will About ICF America’s LATAM Airline Group for US$613m. be joint-CEOs of the newly-formed carrier. Blink will retain -based Meridiana operates a fleet of Boeing its maintenance and operations capability in the UK and MD-80s, 737s and 767s on domestic and international Italy, while Wijet will continue its operations from its head short-haul routes and on long-haul leisure routes to office in . Africa, Brazil, the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. The The consolidation is expected to take up to six months carrier has struggled financially and has posted losses for and includes offering Blink services on to the OpenJet a number of years, a factor which appears to contradict booking platform, of which Wijet is already a part. Al Baker’s previous claim that Qatar Airways would only invest in “successful” airlines. Versa Capital Finds Silver Lining Meridiana is to cut 400 jobs and reduce wages by 20% Private equity firm Versa Capital Management announced as part of the transaction. The LATAM investment makes in September that one of its affiliates had acquired Florida- more obvious sense, given that it is in the Oneworld based Silver Airways for an undisclosed amount. alliance alongside Qatar Airways, and that Latin America, The Fort Lauderdale-headquartered airline operates a although a small market for Gulf carriers, remains a growth fleet of Saab 340B turboprops to 20 US cities as well as the target. LATAM currently has no service to the Middle East Bahamas and Cuba. Sami Teittinen will remain the airline’s but continues to explore possibilities of expansion to Asia. chief executive following the acquisition. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 8 Q3 2016 Q3 2016 Highlighted Airlines Transactions Introduction Aircraft Announced Target Company Bidder Company Deal Value Date US$(m) Airlines 08/12/2016 Meiya Air Holdings Co Ltd Rongsheng Kanglv Investment Co Ltd 94 Aerospace

07/14/2016 Meridiana fly S.p.A. (49% Stake) Qatar Airways Company Q.C.S.C. Undisclosed Airport

07/20/2016 VivaColombia (50% Stake) Irelandia Aviation Limited Undisclosed Tourism

08/01/2016 IAG (20% stake) Qatar Airways Company Q.C.S.C. Undisclosed Quarterly Spotlights

09/09/2016 VLM Airlines Belgium NV SHS Aviation SA Undisclosed About ICF

09/13/2016 Silver Airways Corp Versa Capital Management, LLC Undisclosed

09/27/2016 Blink Ltd Wijet SA Undisclosed

Silver Airways became one of the first US carriers to begin Key Takeaways service to Cuba after thawing relations between the USA 1. Qatar Airways ups stake in IAG to 20.01%, acquires and the Caribbean island nation resulted in a December 49% of Italy’s Meridiana and agrees to take 10% 2015 agreement between the two countries’ Governments stake in LATAM Airlines Group for US$613m to allow scheduled passenger flights to resume. Competition among US carriers to secure Cuba rights 2. Versa Capital Management acquires Florida’s was fierce, providing an indication of the level of demand Silver Airways for an undisclosed sum airlines are expecting on these routes. The fact that Silver 3. Wijet acquires fellow European air taxi operator Airways’ network includes nine Cuban cities would have Blink to form world’s largest very light jet taxi firm made it a very attractive investment opportunity for Versa. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 9 Q3 2016 Aerospace Introduction Deals Span Aerospace Spectrum In Active Quarter Aircraft Airlines

Aerospace The aerospace sector continued to be both a magnet to private equity investors and a place of Airport consolidation in Q3, with key deals seen in the aircraft engine and metallics segments. Tourism General Electric Deals Contain Additives a “significant portion” of the ATP engine will be produced Quarterly Spotlights GE Aviation put its financial weight behind its belief in using additive manufacturing. the strong future of additive manufacturing in the third 3D printing involves taking digital designs from About ICF quarter, with two related acquisitions worth a combined computer-aided design (CAD) software, and laying US$1.4bn. horizontal cross-sections to manufacture the part. GE says The aircraft engine manufacturer announced plans in that because additive parts are grown from the ground September to acquire Sweden’s Arcam, which invented the up, they generate less scrap metal. electron beam melting machine for metal-based additive GE has invested US$1.5bn in 3D technologies since manufacturing, for US$647m, and German 3D printing 2010, and these latest acquisitions underline its belief that technology firm SLM Solutions Group for US$742m. this is the future of manufacturing. GE, through its CFM International joint venture with Safran, already uses 3D printed parts in the manufacture Rolls-Royce Boosts Aerospace Capability Through of the LEAP jet engine. The engine’s fuel nozzle interiors Spanish Buy are made from this material, which the manufacturer says GE was not the only aircraft engine manufacturer to make is lighter and stronger than traditionally-used materials. a valuable acquisition in Q3. UK-based Rolls-Royce took GE also uses 3D printing to make military engines, and full ownership of Spanish aeronautical engine and gas is bringing the technology to the general aviation world turbine manufacturer ITP by acquiring the outstanding through the development of the Advanced Turboprop 53.1% stake from engineering and construction services (ATP) engine for a new Cessna aircraft. The company says provider SENER Grupo de Ingenieria for US$795m. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 10 Q3 2016 Rolls-Royce says the acquisition strengthens its position Technics Switzerland from Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth Introduction on civil aerospace large engine programs by capturing fund Mubadala Development Company. SR Technics additional value from long-term aftermarket revenues, will remain a standalone business within HNA Aviation’s Aircraft including on the Trent 1000 and Trent XWB engines – for portfolio. Mubadala will retain the remaining 20% stake in Airlines which ITP was a risk- and revenue-sharing partner. the Swiss MRO provider. Completion of the deal is expected in early 2017, The transaction continues HNA Group’s interest Aerospace subject to regulatory clearances, and the existing in expanding its aviation activities outside its home Airport shareholder agreement allows up to 50% of the country, particularly in Europe. The Chinese conglomerate consideration to be comprised of Rolls-Royce shares. announced in the third quarter of 2015 that it had Tourism acquired European ground handling service provider Quarterly Spotlights Fifth Aerospace Acquisition For Liberty Hall Unit Swissport for US$2.8bn. Later that year it turned its Private equity firm Liberty Hall Capital Partners further attention to South America, with the US$450m purchase About ICF swelled its Accurus Aerospace portfolio company in Q3, of a 23.7% stake in Brazilian airline Azul. with the purchase of Wichita-based supplier of metallic parts and assemblies ZTM. Financial terms of the deal were L-3 Expands Training Capability with Aerosim Buy not disclosed. On the last day of Q3, L-3 Communications made a The acquisition will enable Liberty Hall to expand key acquisition for its training division when it bought Accurus’s content on key commercial aircraft programs, Minnesota-based Aerosim Technologies and its Florida- including the and 787 – for which ZTM is a based Flight Academy for an undisclosed sum. supplier. It also expands Accurus’s presence in the central Aerosim will be integrated into L-3’s Commercial U.S., which it describes as one of the country’s key aerospace Training Solutions unit, and the combined division will supply regions. Liberty Hall has previously completed four be renamed L-3 Aerosim-CTC. strategic acquisitions since forming Accurus in 2013. The aviation training sector is served by multiple providers seeking to capitalize on the global shortage China Continues European Shopping Spree of pilots, and consolidation has long been expected HNA Group demonstrated China’s continuing appetite to occur. By incorporating Aerosim, L-3 puts itself on for European investments through the purchase of an a stronger footing to compete with other players in 80% stake in maintenance and services provider SR this field. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 11 Q3 2016 Q3 2016 Highlighted Aerospace Transactions Introduction

Announced Target Company Bidder Company Deal Value Aircraft Date US$(m) Airlines 07/11/2016 Industria de Turbo Propulsores, S.A. (53.1% Stake) Rolls-Royce Plc 795 Aerospace 09/06/2016 SLM Solutions Group AG General Electric Company 742 Airport 08/14/2016 Broetje-Automation GmbH Shanghai Electric Group Company 207 Limited Tourism 09/20/2016 Xi’an Chida Aircraft Parts Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Haige Communications 165 Quarterly Spotlights (53.13% Stake) Group Incorporated Company About ICF 07/27/2016 Hanwha Thales Co., Ltd. (50% Stake) Hanwha Techwin Co., Ltd. 138

08/02/2016 China Aerospace System Simulation Technology Addsino Co., Ltd. 51 Co., Ltd. (Beijing) (90% Stake) 08/08/2016 AquiSense Technologies LLC Nikkiso Co., Ltd. 9

10/04/2016 Aerosim L-3 Communications Holdings Undisclosed

Key Takeaways 1. GE acquires 3D printing firms Arcam and SLM 3. Liberty Hall Capital Partners boosts Accurus for US$742m Aerospace portfolio with ZTM buy

2. Rolls-Royce takes full ownership of Spain’s 4. China’s HNA Group takes 80% stake in SR ITP through US$795m purchase of remaining Technics Switzerland 53.1% stake 5. L-3 Communications acquires Aerosim Technologies

Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 12 Q3 2016 Airport Introduction Births, Deaths And Marriages Characterize Airport Sector Aircraft Airlines

Aerospace Q3 saw births in the form of India’s GMR winning a bid to give light to a new Goa airport, deaths in the form Airport of dying French state involvement in regional gateways, and marriages as a number of firms joined forces. Tourism GMR To Build New Goa Airport spent time in situ conducting site visits and interviewing Quarterly Spotlights GMR Airports, a subsidiary of India’s GMR Infrastructure, key stakeholders. won an international bid to develop and operate Mopa About ICF Greenfield Airport in the Indian state of Goa. The concession Full Steam Ahead For French Airport Privatization period will be 40 years, with the option of extending by a Program further 20 years through another bid process. France’s Government solidified its strategy of privatizing The airport will be built under the Build Operate Transfer assets to fund other state-owned infrastructure in the (BOT) model. It will be constructed in four phases, with third quarter, with the partial sell-off of two airports into phase one likely to commence in January 2017 and the build private hands. to be completed by 2020. Goa’s current international airport A consortium comprising VINCI Airports, Credit Agricole recently underwent an expansion and facility modernization Assurances and Caisse de Depots et Consignations in July program, but it is co-located with an Indian Navy base and won a tender to acquire 60% of Aeroports de Lyon (ADL) faces operational restrictions during the day to facilitate from the Government of Lyon. military exercises. ADL holds a concession contract running until 2047 ICF were engaged by GMR to conduct a detailed traffic for Lyon Saint-Exupery – France’s second-largest regional forecast study and develop a forecast model in support of airport – and Lyon Bron. The consortium has stated its their bid. ICF conducted an analysis of Goa’s domestic and commitment to boost traffic at the two airports, capitalizing international tourism market, taking into consideration the on Lyon’s strong economy and tourist development of the new airport’s role relative to other local airports. ICF also Lyon metropolitan area and the greater Auvergne-Rhone- Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 13 Q3 2016 Alpes region. In a statement released when the deal was management services, which are of significant scale and are Introduction announced, VINCI said it would “strive to support and seen as a stable revenue stream that is complimentary to encourage growth of traffic and development of the two Menzies’ existing service offerings. Aircraft airports, while also guaranteeing the best possible quality Airlines of service for passengers”. Novaport Seals Aeroinvest’s Exit From Airport Market Lyon handled 8.7 million passengers last year. Russian airports operator Novaport agreed to acquire all Aerospace Also in July, a consortium consisting of Atlantia, Aeroporti of Khrabovo Airport and a 60% stake in Mineralyne Vody Airport di Roma and French energy company EDF was selected by International Airport from Aeroinvest Holding, marking an the French Government to acquire its 60% stake and the end to the latter’s presence in the sector. Tourism Alpes Maritimes Département’s 4% stake in Aeroports de The transactions are jointly estimated to be valued at a Quarterly Spotlights la Cote D’Azur (ACA) – operator of Nice, Cannes Mandelieu minimum consideration of US$170.1m. The remaining 40% and St Tropez airports. It is understood the Government of stake in Mineralyne Vody will continue to be held by the About ICF Monaco is in talks to acquire a 10% stake in ACA from the local Government. 64% awarded to the winning consortium, via its sovereign The transaction will increase Novaport’s Russian airport wealth fund. portfolio to 12, and will free up Aeroinvest to focus on other Atlantia chief executive Giovanni Castelucci describes industry sectors. Nice Airport as a “unique asset, serving one of the world’s Also in the region, Simferopol International Airport in leading tourist destinations”, and says it has “strong politically-disputed Crimea was acquired from Crimean growth potential”. authorities by Simferopol International Airport LLC in Q3. The airport is undergoing an expansion program to Menzies Aviation Expands Portfolio With ASIG Buy prepare it for an expected growth in passenger numbers. Menzies Aviation announced in September the proposed Simferopol is the gateway to the territory, which was purchase of Aircraft Service International Group (ASIG) annexed by Russia in March 2014. from BBA Aviation for US$202m – an acquisition that would add a new string to Menzies’ bow in the form of Aerocare To Care For Carbridge fuelling capability. Australian provider of outsourced airport flight support Menzies will have an expanded product offering with and airport services has acquired fellow Australian ground the integration of ASIG’s aircraft fuelling and fuel farm transportation provider Carbridge for an undisclosed sum. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 14 Q3 2016 Q3 2016 Highlighted Airport Transactions Introduction Announced Target Company Bidder Company Deal Value Aircraft Date US$(m) 09/16/2016 Aircraft Service International Group John Menzies Plc 202 Airlines

07/06/2016 Khrabrovo Airport JSC; Mineralnye Vody Novaport OOO 170.1 Aerospace International Airport OJSC (60% Stake) Airport 07/06/2016 Carbridge Pty. Ltd. Aerocare Operations Pty Ltd Undisclosed Tourism

07/28/2016 Aeroports de Lyon S.A. (60% Stake) Caisse des Depots et Consignations; Credit Undisclosed Quarterly Spotlights Agricole Assurances SA; VINCI Airports SAS About ICF 07/28/2016 Aeroports de la Cote D’Azur (64% Stake) Atlantia, Aeroporti di Roma & EDF Invest Undisclosed

08/26/2016 Simferopol International Airport Simferopol International Airport LLC Undisclosed

Aerocare aims to nurture Carbridge’s growth in Asia, a market into which it has recently expanded. Carbridge Key Takeaways provides ground transportation at Adelaide, Brisbane, 1. VINCI Airport consortium wins tender to acquire 60% of Melbourne, Perth and Sydney airports in Australia, as well Aeroports de Lyon from the French government as Singapore Airport. 2. Menzies Aviation proposes acquisition of Aircraft Service Carbridge employs 400 staff and operates a fleet of International Group (ASIG) from BBA Aviation for US$202m over 140 vehicles, both landside and airside. The Carbridge 3. Aeroinvest sells two Russian airports to Novaport for team will join Aerocare following the transaction, and the combined sum of US$170.1m company will continue to operate under its existing brand and structure. 4. Australia’s Aerocare takes over ground transportation services provider Carbridge for undisclosed amount

Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 15 Q3 2016 Tourism Introduction Travel Firms Snap Each Other Up Aircraft Airlines

Aerospace The key theme in the travel and tourism sector in Q3 was consolidation – and not just in the online travel agency Airport space, although M&A activity here remained strong. Tourism Travel Groups Continue To Consolidate “Activity returned…in Q3 when Dutch Quarterly Spotlights Several M&A transactions took place in the travel company market in Q3, as firms sought to export their online travel agency Ortravo acquired About ICF growth opportunities to different markets. Swedish OTA Flygstolen Nordic.” Flight Centre Travel Group acquired a 49% stake in Australian travel marketing agency Ignite Travel Group to this sector in Q3 when Dutch online travel agency in an attempt to further grow and diversify its sales and Ortravo acquired Swedish OTA Flygstolen Nordic. customer network across the country. The acquisition This marks Ortravo’s first international acquisition also provides an opportunity for Flight Centre to export and will help the company expand beyond the Benelux Ignite’s services to its own businesses overseas. countries into northern Europe. In order to accelerate its Q3 also saw Canadian corporate travel management growth and expand its business internationally through company Worldview Travel acquire US-based luxury acquisitions, Ortravo has sought the support of private travel advisory firm Century Travel. The deal will help equity firm and majority owner Waterland. rapidly-expanding Worldview’s quest to create a large, More acquisitions look likely to follow, with Ortavo international travel agency group. chief executive Raymond Vrijenhoek saying: “We are looking for a leading position in the European online Online Travel Agents Remain Active travel landscape, and are searching for organizations After a spate of high-profile M&A transactions between within online travel with strong local brands which are online travel service providers last year, activity returned able to grow quickly”. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 16 Q3 2016 The transaction is the latest in a long line of M&A deals in Introduction the OTA space. The last few quarters of 2015 saw a flurry Key Takeaways of transactions between online travel service providers 1. Flight Centre Travel Group acquires 49% stake Aircraft and global distribution systems. These included Amadeus’ in Ignite Travel Group Airlines US$830m acquisition of airline support services company 2. Canada’s Worldview Travel acquires US-based Navitaire in Q3 of that year, and Sabre Corporation’s Century Travel Aerospace Q2 acquisition of the rest of Asia-Pacific GDS, Abacus 3. Dutch OTA Otravo buys Swedish OTA Airport International, for US$411m. Flygstolen Nordic Tourism

Q3 2016 Highlighted Tourism Transactions Quarterly Spotlights About ICF Announced Target Company Bidder Company Deal Value Date US$(m) 09/30/2016 Zhejiang Tiantian Business Tour International Hna-Caissa Travel Group Co., Ltd. 22 Travel Agency Co., Ltd. (60% Stake) 07/06/2016 Flygstolen Nordic AB Otravo B.V. Undisclosed

07/09/2016 Century Travel Inc Worldview Travel Ltd Undisclosed

07/13/2016 Travel Partner GmbH Management Vehicle Undisclosed

08/09/2016 Cedok a.s. Nowa Itaka Sp. z o.o Undisclosed

08/11/2016 Unifest Travel Corporate Travel Management Limited Undisclosed

09/14/2016 Ignite Travel Group (49% Stake) Flight Centre Limited Undisclosed

09/20/2016 MTS Incoming, S.L.U Gullivers Travel Associates Ltd Undisclosed

Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 17 Q3 2016 Quarterly Spotlight Introduction Enhancing the Passenger Experience Aircraft Airlines

Aerospace Eliot Lees Airport Vice President, ICF Key Elements to Enhancing the Passenger Experience 1. Physical layout Tourism What does enhancing the passenger 2. Wayfinding/Signage Quarterly Spotlights experience truly mean? And what tangible actions can airport managers 3. Technology About ICF take to improve the passenger experience? 4. Stakeholder Engagement Airports, airlines, third-party providers, A&E firms, 5. Employee Organization/Reponsibility and consultants are all talking about and trying to think through what this idea really means. Conferences are being organized around this concept. Is it design? Passenger’s view of airport problems Long queues/ Length Is it branding? Is it customer service? Is it passenger of waiting/walking engagement? Is it technology? Delays/Cancellations First and foremost, enhancing the passenger experience means efficient passenger flow through a TSA Crowding and insu cient/ terminal. What’s the number one complaint of airport uncomfortable seating passengers? Long queues, long wait times, long distances. Signage and uncertainty/ To improve the passenger experience – this is where Unpredicability airport managers need to start. Other However, looking at the industry literature today, Food and beverage options improving the passenger experience seems to be focused 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% on creating new and innovative commercial offerings, Source: ICF ICF survey data captured as a part of our market insight Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 18 Q3 2016 airport branding, creating a sense of place, and digital technology, and stakeholder management), airport Introduction engagement through new technology. All of these management can optimize the performance of existing elements are important to upgrading the passenger infrastructure and improve the passenger experience. Aircraft experience. Too often airports focus on retail, passenger Airlines marketing, and communication but do not deliver on 2. Wayfinding/Signage – Guiding the passenger from an efficient, uncongested, and informed passenger path the curb, through check-in, security, and the path to the Aerospace from the curb to the gate. And as airports well know, the gate/and from the gate in a clear, logical, and helpful Airport challenge gets harder each year as passenger volumes manner with effective signage can lessen confusion and continue to grow. uncertainty, and enhance the passenger experience. Tourism Digital signage, interactive wayfinding, and electronic Quarterly Spotlights An integrated, multi-disciplined business strategy is communication all help to enhance the flow and needed with operations, commercial, IT, and planning all movement of passengers through a terminal. About ICF working together with a common focus and a common purpose – to remove the frustration, uncertainty, and 3. Technology – Emerging sensor technology that confusion from the passenger journey and provide the captures, measures, and facilitates the analysis of commercial offerings and services that passengers want. passenger flow and queuing is starting to be applied at This change in culture and in approach will truly enhance the airports to better understand how and when bottlenecks passenger experience. occur. Airports can now capture data that allows the rethinking and refining of physical layout and signage, A few of the elements in this integrated, multi-disciplined as well as how airport management engages with and business strategy include: coordinates with other airport stakeholders – all with the 1. Physical Layout – Building more terminal infrastructure objective of enhancing the passenger experience. can improve the passenger experience, but it is expensive and it takes a long time to realize. Instead, airport management 4. Stakeholder Engagement – Changing the dialog can make the most out of current facilities. By carefully with stakeholders is important. As part of an integrated analyzing the passenger journey and rethinking how the approach to enhancing the passenger experience, airport passenger interacts with each element of the terminal employees must move from a role of airport oversight to experience (through wayfinding, airport employees, one of stakeholder engagement. Airport management has Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 19 Q3 2016 control over only a portion of the passenger experience. and informed path for the passenger from the curb to Introduction Too often the airport is blamed for poor passenger the gate means more dwell time within the terminal, experiences that are not within its control. Airport more time for passengers to enjoy what the airport has Aircraft management must become adept at analyzing, evaluating, to offer, and more time for passengers to spend money Airlines and coordinating with the other stakeholders as part of on concessions. More efficient use of the airport terminal the overall delivery service to the passenger. also means a better, more balanced passenger flow; better Aerospace and more productive space utilization; and ultimately, less Airport 5. Employee Organization/Responsibility – Employee investment in capital expenditure. effectiveness is important. As part of this new approach By refocusing airport management, commercial, IT, Tourism to enhancing the passenger experience, airport engineering, and operations objectives to the passenger Quarterly Spotlights employees must move from a role of airport oversight to experience, analyzing big data that new technology one of stakeholder engagement. By refocusing airport provides, and engaging in new ways with airlines and About ICF management objectives to the passenger experience, other stakeholders, airport managers can truly “enhance using data and analysis offered by new technology, and the passenger experience”, and in the process, realize by developing new ways to engage with airlines and the value that this innovative initiative can unlock. other stakeholders, the airport organizational structure, communication, and even tenant contracts may need to Enhancing the Passenger Experience = $$$ be modified to accomplish this change. Without a strategic Current and historical passenger flows and dwell time are new management philosophy and the tools to truly 1. monitored within specific terminal segments change, this type of innovative approach will only go a Data on commercial retail performance are analyzed to gain small way to “enhancing the passenger experience.” 2. an understanding of airport activities and events

Conclusion Performance is optimized by refining retail programs and 3. monetizing results A better passenger experience translates into money. If an airport can execute this new strategy effectively, REAL 10 12% $650k the enhanced passenger experience will translate into VALUE minute improvement increase in increase in commercial tangible financial benefit. There is a return on investment in dwell time concourse revenue revenue within two years* (ROI) to this paradigm shift. An efficient, uncongested, Source: ICF * ICF estimates (large hub airport) (multiple factors involved including product mix upgrade) Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 20 Q3 2016 Quarterly Spotlight Introduction Viva la Low Cost Carrier Revolución? Not quite yet… Aircraft Airlines

Aerospace Carlos Ozores LCC Share of Departing Seats Airport Principal, ICF 0 Tourism 60 Nearly two decades have passed since Quarterly Spotlights the emergence of Low Cost Carriers 0

(LCCs), but their presence across Latin 20 About ICF America lags behind most other world regions. This 0 is in part due to market characteristics that present oestic oestic oestic oestic an obstacle to LCC growth, although there are many rail ile oloia Meico untapped opportunities that will eventually be 2006 2011 2016 Source: Innovata schedules exploited. Existing carriers that fail to adapt quickly will fall prey to LCCs. LCC Share of Departing Seats The LCC boom began in the late 1990s in developed 0 markets in North America, Europe and Australia, and spread quickly to emerging markets, including to Latin 60

America. Today, LCCs operate the majority of seats in 0 the Brazilian and Mexican domestic markets and have a growing presence in and Colombia. 20 However, on international routes within Latin America, 0 oestic ntra ntraatA LCC penetration remains very low, representing only 8% international international of scheduled international seats – significantly less than 2006 2011 2016 in the domestic U.S. or intra-European markets. Source: Innovata schedules Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 21 Q3 2016 LCC penetration on international routes within Latin International Routes Operated by Latin American LCCs, Introduction America is concentrated on routes between Argentina, as of October 2016 Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Elsewhere, LCC coverage Aircraft is limited. The one international market where Latin Airlines American LCCs have made significant inroads is between Mexico and the U.S. Aerospace The Latin American aviation market has very strong Airport fundamentals. So, given this, what is constraining LCC growth across Latin America? Tourism There’s a lot of noise about LCC start-ups, many Quarterly Spotlights involving Irelandia Aviation, which owns VivaAerobus and VivaColombia. There has been talk of Viva airlines in Costa About ICF Rica, Peru and Argentina. is also planning a start- up in Costa Rica. Yet there has been little progress in new LCC start-ups in the region. (Note: as this article went to press, Copa announced the launch of Wingo, a Colombian LCC subsidiary) Despite the noise, obstacles to increased LCC penetration on international routes remain, such as:

• Long distances in most large markets: the weighted average distance on top O&D markets (those with

over 100 daily passengers each way) is 2,200km or Source: Innovata schedules about a 3 ½ hour flight. However, the LCC model is best suited to short-haul flights, which is why successful LCCs like Ryanair and Southwest have average stage lengths of about 1,200km, or 2 hours. This is because operating costs are linked to distance Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 22 Q3 2016 traveled (i.e., a 2-hour flight will cost about 50-60% Distance vs. One-Way Fare in Top 1,000 Domestic U.S. O&D Markets Introduction more than a 1-hour flight), but airlines cannot pass $400 on a proportional increase to airfares. An ICF Aviation Aircraft analysis of fares across the top 1,000 domestic U.S. $350 Airlines markets proves this: whereas the average one-way fare $300 on a 1,000km trip is about $160, the fare on a 2,000km Aerospace $250 trip is only about $200 – only 25% more. As a result, it Airport is more productive for an LCC to operate six 1.5-hour $200

sectors per day than three 3-hour sectors per day, all (USD) Fare $150 Tourism else being equal. $100 Quarterly Spotlights

• High ticket taxes on international travel: Airport $50 About ICF and government surcharges on international travel in $0 Latin America can easily exceed $100 per round-trip 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 Distance (km) ticket when origin and destination country charges are Source: US DOT O&D Survey, CY2015 summed, significantly more than add-ons to domestic tickets – limiting LCC efforts to reduce airfares. Note Despite these challenges, there are opportunities for LCC that the blame lies on governments, which impose penetration to reach the levels of developed markets: taxes and regulate the amount that airports – public or private – can charge. With few exceptions, government • Large domestic markets: policy vis-a-vis international ticket taxes is incompatible • Peru and Argentina have large populations and with their trade and tourism development goals. territories, significant long-distance ground travel and high domestic fares. • Other factors such as infrastructure and regulation: • In Chile, Sky Airline has smartly decided to transition to While their impact is not limited to LCCs, the lack of an LCC model to pre-empt a new LCC start-up, although infrastructure at large hubs and at secondary airports, it remains to be seen whether it can achieve true low cost and regulations limiting foreign ownership, route rights, operations. Otherwise, the country’s high income per etc., create obstacles to LCC growth. capita and low travel propensity will attract new entrants. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 23 Q3 2016 Airport and Government Ticket Taxes for Domestic and International Itineraries One-Way Tickets, in USD

100

0

60 Introduction 0 Aircraft 20 Airlines 0 A A pain pain Arentina Arentina rail rail ile ile oloia oloia Meico Meico anaa anaa eru eru Aerospace o nter o nter o nter o nter o nter o nter o nter o nter o nter Source: airfare searches on ITA Matrix (as of October 2, 2016) Airport Tourism • Brazil’s high LCC share is misleading, as there are no It is unlikely that Latin America as a whole will see the Quarterly Spotlights pure-play ultra-LCCs along the lines of Ryanair, Spirit levels of LCC penetration observed in other large markets or VivaColombia. Significant portions of the population like the U.S., Europe, and beyond. However, given the About ICF still do not travel by air, so there is plenty of up-side, region’s low travel propensity and high airfares, there although there are many structural barriers to entry. are distinct pockets of opportunity for increased LCC penetration in the region that have yet to be exploited. • Southern South America: There are economic and tourism What happens once LCCs do establish themselves? links between the region’s countries, but international travel Perhaps Mexico provides a good indicator. Prior to the surge remains a luxury good. Lower fares can stimulate demand of LCCs in the mid-2000s, Mexico had two loss-making full by making air travel accessible to the emerging middle class. service carriers (FSC) and a handful of poorly-run regional Helping matters is the fact that most South Americans do not airlines. Fifteen years later, domestic traffic is up over 50%, require passports to travel internationally within the region. the market has a single profitable FSC in , and three well-managed LCCs (, Volaris and VivaAerobus). • Central America: Economic and migrant ties within Central The poorly-run regional carriers went bankrupt. America and between Central America and the U.S. are very Similarly, we can expect LCCs elsewhere in Latin strong, but air connectivity is often poor and expensive. The America to stimulate demand while driving further fundamentals are there to support a regional LCC; however, the market consolidation, squeezing out those carriers small scale of any one country means that to grow, an LCC needs that cannot create differentiation by offering a superior “flag” status from various countries to set up multiple bases. product or achieving true low-cost operations. Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 24 Q3 2016 Serving the Aviation Community Since 1963

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The Americas Europe, Middle East, Africa Asia-Pacific Aircraft New York London Beijing Airlines 630 Third Avenue, 11th Floor 6th Floor, Watling House China Overseas Plaza New York, NY 10017 USA 33 Cannon Street, London Tower 2, Suite 2001, Aerospace Tel: +1 212 656 9200 United Kingdom 8 Guanghua Dongli Chaoyang, Airport EC4M 5SB Beijing, 100020 China Washington Tel: +44 20 7242 9333 北京朝阳区光华东里8号中海广场2 Tourism 9300 Lee Highway 号楼2001，邮编 100020 Quarterly Spotlights Fairfax, VA 22031 USA T 电话 +86 10 65628305 Tel: +1 703 934 3000 About ICF Hong Kong Boston 19/F, Heng Shan Centre, 100 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 501 145 Queen’s Road East, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA Wan Chai, Hong Kong Tel: +1 617 218 3500 Tel: +852 2868 6980

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Aviation and Aerospace M&A Quarterly 26 Q3 2016