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SE9900228 Technical Report TR-98-04 Volume IS SVIAQARIN natural analogue study: Phase HI Edited by J A T Smellie December 1998 Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co Box 5864 SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden Tel 08-459 84 00 +46 8 459 84 00 Fax 08-661 57 19 +46 8 661 57 19 30-26 MAQARIN natural analogue study: Phase III Edited by J.A.T. Smellie December 1998 VOLUME i: Chapters 1-13 VOLUME II: Appendices A-R This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports from 1977-1978 (TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR 81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32), 1989 (TR 89-40), 1990 (TR 90-46), 1991 (TR 91-64), 1992 (TR 92-46), 1993 (TR 93-34), 1994 (TR 94-33), 1995 (TR 95-37) and 1996 (TR 96-25) is available through SKB. CONTENTS VOLUME II: Appendices A-R (this volume) page APPENDIX A: A:l Geology and Hydrogeology - Figures A-l to A-14 A:3 APPENDIX B: B:l Well Logs from the Maqarin Area B:3 (Jordan Valley Authorities) APPENDIX C: C:l Hydraulic Data from the Maqarin Area C:3 (Jordan Valley Authorities) APPENDIX D: D:l Geomorphology - Plates D-l to D-7 D:3 APPENDIX E: E:l Inventory of Rock and Mineral Samples E:3 (Compiled by A.E. Milodowski and E.K. Hyslop) APPENDIX F: F:l Groundwater Sampling and Analytical Protocols F:3 F.I Groundwater Sampling Protocol F:3 F.I.I Field Measurements F:4 F.2 Laboratory Analysis of Groundwater Samples F:5 F.2.1 General F:5 F.2.2 pH and Total Alkalinity F:5 F.2.3 Major Cations and Trace Elements F:6 F.2.4 Major and Trace Anions F:6 F.2.5 Fluoride F:6 F.2.6 Total Organic and Inorganic Carbon F:7 F.2.7 Reduced Sulphur F:7 F.2.8 Arsenic and Selenium F:7 F.2.9 Reduced Iron F:7 F.2.10 Ammonium F:8 F.2.11 Orthophosphate F:8 F.3 References F:8 Appendices:3 page APPENDIX G: G:l Mineralogy and Geochemistry - Analytical Methods G:3 G.I General G:3 G.2 Bulk Mineralogical Analysis G:3 G.2.1 Standard Whole-rock Sample Preparation G:3 G.2.2 Acid Leaching G:4 G.2.3 Clay Fraction (<2 |im) Mineralogy G:4 G.2.4 XRD Analysis G:4 G:3 Petrographic Analysis G:4 G.3.1 Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy G:5 G.3.2 Electron Microprobe Analysis G:5 G.3.3 Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy G:5 G.3.4 Laser-Ablation Microprobe - Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry G:6 G.3.5 Image Analysis G:7 G.3.6 Fission Track Registration Analysis G:7 G.4 Porosimetry Determination G:8 G.4.1 Liquid Resaturation Porosimetry G:8 G.4.2 Pore Size Distribution Measurement G:9 G.5 Chemical Analysis G:10 G.6 Strontium Isotope Analysis G:ll G.7 Uranium Disequilibrium Studies G:ll G.8 References G:12 APPENDIX H: H:l A: ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL ROCK AND MINERAL H:3 COMPONENTS USING: • Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy (ATEM) • Electron Microprobe Analysis (EMPA) • Laser Ablation Microprobe (LAMP) B: MOLAR PLOTS OF THE DATA H:35 APPENDIX I: 1:1 Mineralogy and Geochemistry - Plates 1-1 to 1-24 1:3 APPENDIX J: J:l Matrix Diffusion Studies in Fractured Clay Biomicrite J:3 Profile C353 J:3 Profile C357 J:25 Profile C358 J:47 Profile C359 J:65 APPENDIX K: K:l Regional Ground water Analyses K:3 (Compiled by E. Salameh) Appendices :4 page APPENDIX L: L:l Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rocks from the Maqarin Area L:3 (Compiled by H.N. Khoury) APPENDIX M: M:l Hydrogeochemical Modelling: Groundwater Chemical Data Set M:3 (Compiled by H.N. Waber) APPENDIX N: N:l Zeolite Thermodynamic Data N:3 (Compiled by D. Savage) APPENDIX O: 0:1 Colloid Repulsion by the Filter O:3 APPENDIX P: P:l Colloids: Filtrate Chemistry Data Set P:3 APPENDIX Q: Q:l Western Springs Catchment Area: Chemistry of Near- surface Groundwaters Collected from a Variety of Springs, Domestic Water Sources and Waste Water Disposal Locations Q:3 (E. Salameh and HJSI. Khoury) APPENDIX R: R:l The Nature and Use of Cement in Repository Construction and the Relevance of the Maqarin Analogue Study R:3 (F. Karlsson and B. Lagerblad) R.I Background R:3 R.2 Cementitious Repository Materials R:3 R.2.1 Different Types of Concrete R:4 R.2.2 Concrete Properties R:4 R.3 Old Concrete R:7 R.3.1 Structure of Old Cement Paste R: 7 R.3.2 Pore Water Leaching R:8 R.4 Natural Analogues R:9 R.4.1 Background R:9 R.4.2 The Maqarin Analogue R:10 R.4.3 Cement Minerals R:10 R.4.4 Water/rock Interaction of Cement Phases R: 10 R.4.5 High pH Water R:ll R.4.6 Hyperalkaline Plume R:ll R.4.7 Colloids R:ll R.4.8 Conclusions R:12 R.5 References R:12 Appendices :5 CONTENTS VOLUME I: Chapters 1-13 page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 19 1 INTRODUCTION 35 2 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE MAQARIN AREA 39 (7/JV. Khoury, E. Salameh, M. Mazurek and W.R. Alexander) 3 GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE MAQARIN AREA 71 (A.F. Pitty) 4 SITE DESCRIPTION, SAMPLING PROGRAMME AND GROUNDWATER ANALYSIS 105 (A.E. Milodowski, E.K. Hyslop, JA.T. Smellie, E. Salameh and H.N. Khoury) 5 MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY 135 (A.E. Milodowski, E.K. Hyslop, JM. Pearce, P.D. Wetlon, SJ. Kemp, G. Longworth, E. Hodginson and C.R. Hughes) 6 HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY OF THE MAQARIN AREA 181 <HM. Waber, /.£>. Clark, E. Salameh and D. Savage) 7 GEOCHEMICAL MODELLING OF HYPERALKALINE WATER/ROCK INTERACTIONS 237 (A.V. Chambers, A. Haworth, D. Ilett, CM. Linklaler and CJ. Tweed) 8 ZEOLITE OCCURRENCE, STABILITY AND BEHAVIOUR 281 (D. Savage) 9 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF THE BITUMINOUS MARLS 317 (S. Geyer,]. Porschmann, G. Hanschman, W. Geyer, F-D. Kopinke, W. Boehlmann and P. Fritz) 10 THE PRODUCTION OF COLLOIDS AT THE CEMENT/HOST ROCK INTERFACE 333 (P.D. Wetton, J.M. Pearce, W.R. Alexander, A.E. Milodowski, S. Reeder, J. Wragg and E. Salameh) 11 CULTURABILITY AND 16S rRNA GENE DIVERSITY OF MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE HYPERALKALINE GROUNDWATERS OF MAQARIN 367 (K. Pedersen, J. Arlinger, A-C. Erlandson and L. Hallbeck) Appendices:6 page 12 MAQARIN: IMPLICATIONS TO REPOSITORY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 389 13 CONCLUSIONS 397 left BLANK Lmaia, Appendices:7 APPENDIX A Geology and Hydrogeology Figures A-l to A-14 NEXT PA@E(S) I I I |— E 231 600 231600 232 00 232 200 232 400 —N 236 00 100 m -237400 Figure A-l. Contours showing the top of the Amman Formation (modified after Harza, 1982). Appendix A: 3 (r, I// V*--. / / /~U0V I'/ /// • • /. •v . ~~^_ • ^y / '"X/ ; / h .. / ^ / / / 7-///1. 300m f ffjr-H- 1^4NN >& /' i / / / Figure A-2. Projected top of the Bituminous Marl Formation (modified after Harza, 1982). Appendix A:4 •N 237 200 \ 0 10On E 231100 E 232 400 Figure A-3. Contours showing the base of the Maqarin basalts (modified after Harza, 1982, and Jordan Valley Authorities, 1980). Appendix A:5 E231 E232 E23 3 E234 E235 E23 6 N239 — N235- J O R O A N \ N 233" \ _\ I Figure A-4. Location of cross-sectional profiles (5-7) from the Maqarin area. Appendix A:6 SECTION 5 500 RESIDUAL SOIL CHALKY LIMESTONE FORMATION 100 0 ilTUMINOUS MARL FORMATION AMMAN FORMATION SECTION 6 500 ITUMINOUS MARL FORMATION AMMAN FORMATION SECTION 7 CHERT MARKER BED r r • ITIJMINOUS MARL FORMATION Figure A-5. Cross-sectional profiles (5-7) from the Maqarin area (see Figure A-4). WES! E«t e ii; ooo El» 500 )00r- E iii 500 . 300 ISO Metamorphic Unit / Cement Zone a- Bituminous Marl Formation _*— Amman Formation .100 .100 -ISO Figure A-6. Integrated W-E cross-sectional profile through the Maqarin area (modified after Harza, 1982). SOUTH NORTH 4C0, ! . 4C0 CHALKY LIMESTONE FORMATION MORPHIC UNIT / CEMENT LONE ( b r e c elated and altered )/ ZONE OF BITUMINOUS MARL BITUMINOUS MARL FORMATIO 0 50 METRES Figure A-7. Integrated S-N cross-sectional profile through the Maqarin area (modified after Harza, 1982). E 231.600 E232.000 E 233-800 50 100 Figure A-8. Contoured top of the unaltered Bituminous Marl Formation at Maqarin (modified after Harza, 1982, and Jordan Valley Authorities, 1980). Appendix A: 10 I I 0 5 1pm E 1 ' 231 950 E 232 000 Figure A-9. Location of cross-sectional profiles (A-E) illustrating the distribution of the Metamorphic Unit/Cement Zone (Zones A-C; see text) in the Maqarin area at elevation of Adit A-7 (after Harza, 1982). Appendix A: 11 I S 15 S-62 ' 5-50 1 ^ m 180 Basalt ——-~ 170 160 150 140 i -"" ZONE B Top of Bituminous Marl / base \ c of alteration —.— -—— o CD & 1=1 & m> B I T U M I N C US MAR L FORMA r i o N (weathered) 100 Zo ie of severely we ithered Bituminous IU arl 90 0 5 1pm H 80 F I s h B i t u m i n o u s M a r 1 E 230.000 E231-950 E231.900 1 1 1 Figure A-10.
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  • Lsosh20, a New Mineral from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan

    Lsosh20, a New Mineral from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan

    Clinotobermorite, CaSSi6(O,OH)lSoSH20, a new mineral from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan C. HENMI Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700 Japan AND 1. KUSACHI Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Education, Okayama University, Okayama 700 Japan Abstract Clinotobermorite, CasSi6(0,OHhs.5H20, has been found as a vein-forming mineral in gehlenite- spurrite skarns at Fuka, Okayama Prefecture. It is associated with tobermorite, piombierite, apophyllite, and calcite. The cIinotobermorite is colourless or white and occurs as tabular or acicular crystals. It is monoclinic with the space group Ce or C2le. The unit cell dimensions are a 11.331, b 7.353, c 22.67 A, ~ 96.59°. Microtwinning and stacking disorder on (001) are observed. On heating the cIinotobermorite at 300°C, the 002 spacing is reduced from 11.3 to 9.3 A. Its refractive indices are IX1.575, ~1.580, y 1.585, and the density 2.58 g/cm3 (meas.), 2.69 g/cm3 (calc). The Moh's hardness is 4.5. Calculation of the analytical data on the basis of six tetrahedral cations shows that this mineral has a simplified chemical formula Cas.3Si6(0,OH,F)1s.5H20. The chemical composition and the unit cell are closely related to those of tobermorite. It is most likely that clinotobermorite is a low-temperature polymorph of tobermorite. KEYWORDS:clinotobermorite, new mineral, tobermorite, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Introduction morite. The mineral species and its name have TOBERMORITE (11.3 A tobermorite), plombier- been approved by the Commission on New ite (14 A tobermorite), tacharanite (12.6 A Minerals and Mineral Names, International tobermorite), riversideite (9.3 A tobermorite) Mineralogical Association, in May 1990.

  • [email protected] 1–408–923–6800

    www.minresco.com [email protected] 1–408–923–6800 Systematic Mineral List ABERNATHYITE - Rivieral, Lodeve, Herault Dept., France ABHURITE - Wreck of SS Cheerful, 14 Miles NNW of St. Ives, Cornwall, England ACANTHITE – Alberoda, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany ACANTHITE – Brahmaputra Vein, Alberoda, Schlema-Hartenstein District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany ACANTHITE – Centennial Eureka Mine, Tintic District, Juab County, Utah ACANTHITE – Horn Silver Mine, near Frisco, Beaver County, Utah ACANTHITE – Ingleterra Mine, Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, Mexico ACANTHITE – Pribram-Trebsco, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic ACANTHITE – Tombstone, Cochise County, Arizona ACHTARAGDITE - Achtaragda River/Wilui River District, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russian Fed. ADAMITE Var. Cuproadamite – Kintore Opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia ADAMITE Var. Cuproadamite - Mine de Cap-Garonne, near Hyers, Dept. Var, France ADAMITE Var. Cuproadamite - Tsumcorp Mine, Tsumeb, Namibia ADAMITE Var. Cuproadamite – Zinc Hill, Darwin, Inyo County, California ADAMITE Var. Manganoan Adamite – El Potosi Mine, Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, Mexico ADREALITE – Moorba Cave, Jurien Bay, W.A., Australia AEGIRINE Var. Blanfordite - Tirodi Mines, Madhya Pradesh, Central Provinces, India T AENIGMATITE – Chibiny (Khibina) Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia AERINITE - Estopinan, Pyrenees Mountains, Huesca Province, Spain AESCHYNITE-(Y) (Priorite) – Arendal, Aust-Adger, Norway AFGHANITE – Casa Collina, Pitigliano, Grosseto, Tuscany (Toscana), Italy AFGHANITE - Laacher See Region, Ettringen,
  • Nchwaningite, Mn~+Si03(OH)2'H20, a New Pyroxene-Related Chain Silicate from the N'chwaning Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa

    Nchwaningite, Mn~+Si03(OH)2'H20, a New Pyroxene-Related Chain Silicate from the N'chwaning Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa

    American Mineralogist. Volume 80, pages 377-386, 1995 Nchwaningite, Mn~+Si03(OH)2'H20, a new pyroxene-related chain silicate from the N'chwaning mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa DANIEL NYFELER, THOMAS ARMBRUSTER Laboratorium rur chemische und mineralogische Kristallographie, Universitiit Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland ROGER DIXON Museum of the Geological Survey, PB X1l2, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa VLADIMIR BERMANEC Department of Mineralogy and Petrology of Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Demetrova I, 41000 Zagreb, Croatia ABSTRACT Nchwaningite, Mn~+ Si03(OH)2' H20, is an orthorhombic chain silicate [space group Pea2" Z = 4, a = 12.672(9), b = 7.217(3), e = 5.341(2) A], occurring as aggregates shaped like pin cushions, together with calcite, bultfonteinite, and chlorite at N'chwaning mine, located in the Kalahari manganese field, northern Cape Province, South Africa. The ag- gregates consist of light brown, transparent needles, which average 1.0 x 0.1 x 0.05 mm in size. Nchwaningite is named after the mine N'chwaning II, where it was found first. Nchwaningite is biaxially negative with the refractive indices ex= 1.681(2), fJ = 1.688(2), b, Y = a, Z = c. Nchwaningite 'Y= 1.690(2), 2 ~ = 54.4(4)°. The optical orientation is X = has two perfect cleavages parallel to (010) and (100). The calculated density is 3.202 glcm3. The chemical composition, as determined by electron microprobe analyses, indicates mi- nor substitutions of Mg for Mn. The crystal structure, including H positions, was solved and refined from X-ray single- crystal data to R = 2.14%, Rw = 2.91%.