Arthropods Settling Crataegus Xmedia Bechst. in the Landscape of Lublin City (South-Eastern Poland)

VOL.18 (2012) APHIDS AND OTHER HEMIPTEROUS INSECTS 71–82

Arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia Bechst. in the landscape of Lublin City (South-Eastern Poland)

Ewa Mackoś - Iwaszko

Department of Nature Preservation, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland [email protected]

Abstract Observations of the species composition and number of arthropods from various trophic groups settling the hawthorn species Crataegus xmedia Bechst. were conducted in the city of Lublin in the years 2009-2010. The research was carried out in two site, and the collected arthropods were divided into trophic groups with regard to their feeding preferences. Observations focused on the number of herbivore arthropods and beneficial predatory arthropods; they were carried out in urban conditions in various degree of anthropopres- sure. The research revealed that the sucking-piercing phytophags were the dominating trophic group settling Crataegus xmedia. Representatives of Psyllidae, Aphididae and Tetranychidae were the most numerous at both sites. Also, the presence of larvae of Dasineura crataegi (Winnertz 1853) was detected, causing disfiguration of leaves at the tips of young shoots. Mites from the Phytoseiidae family and spiders dominated in the predator group. Among predatory insects, representatives of Coccinellidae dominated in the housing estate site and representatives of Coccinellidae and Anthocoride in the by-the- road site. Parasites were found in very small numbers. Key words: Crataegus xmedia, arthropods, hawthorn, trophic groups 72 Ewa Mackoś - Iwaszko

Introduction

The natural environment in urban areas undergoes strong anthropogenic transformations, forming specific, often adverse conditions for plant life and growth. This manifests itself first of all in increased air pollution, changes in water management, as well as degradation and change in the physical and chemical properties of soils. In the formation of plant structure in the city, proper species composition plays a crucial role. Roadside trees are more exposed to increased air pollution resulting from traffic emissions and to saltiness resulting from salt use on icy roads (Chudzicka, 1979). Besides, due to limited space for the root system development and low level of ground water, trees dry out as they do not have access to water. For this reason, it is vital for urban tree plantings to be composed of tree species which are not vulnerable to inconveniences and can adapt to specific conditions. As follows from the research conducted on various urban tree species in Warsaw, Poznań and Lublin (Cichocka & Goszczyński, 1991; Wilkaniec, 1994; Mackoś, 2010), plants in urbanized areas are inhabited by greater numbers of herbivore arthropods which damage them by feeding on them. In the natural landscape, the number of phytophags remains balanced, while in sites with strong anthropogenic pressure, the mass emergence of a single species may occur (Lubiarz & Cichocka, 2005). Many authors (Chudzicka, 1979; Czechowska et al., 1979; Pisarski, 1979; Cichocka et al., 1990a; Cichocka & Goszczyński, 1991; Cichocka et al., 1998; Jaśkiewicz, 2005; Jaśkiewicz, 2006) have demonstrated that by-the-road trees and shrubs are mostly infested with arthropods. According to Lubiarz et al. (2011), it has been proven in many research studies that inten- sified urbanization and shrinking green areas result in the rise of the number of phytophags with sucking-piercing mouthparts and a drop in the number of phytophags with biting mouthparts. Plants of the Crataegus genus are shrubs or small trees belonging to the Rosaceae family. These are very ornamental plants, particularly when blooming. One of the species numerously represented in the urban greenery of Lublin is Cra- taegus xmedia Bechst. It is a hybrid of two hawthorn species: Crataegus monog- yna Jacq. and Crataegus laevigata (Poiret) DC (Seneta & Dolatowski, 1997). In natural habitats, Crataegus xmedia grows in western, north-western and, sporadically, southern Poland (Sołtys-Lelek, 2011). For urban plantings in city squares and streets, two varieties are normally used: ‘Paul’s Scarlet’ with red flowers and ‘Rubra Plena’ with pink flowers (Bugała, 1991; Seneta & Dolatowski, 1997). Crataegus xmedia is resistant to urban conditions; it tolerates drought and air pollution, resists low temperatures and is particularly tolerant to cutting and forming. However, as pointed out by Bugała (1991), annual cutting aimed at canopy reduction is not recommended, as the cut tree does not blossom. In the past, research related to arthropods settling Crataegus plants was carried out, among other locations, in Warsaw and Gdańsk (Goszczyński et al., 1999; Arthropods Settling Crataegus xmedia Bechst... 73

Tykarska, 2001a; Tykarska, 2001b; Tykarska, 2002; Tykarska & Tykarski, 2003) and in Lublin (Sławińska, 2003; Jaśkiewicz & Sławińska, 2004; Sławińska & Jaśkiewicz, 2004). Sławińska (2003) and Sławińska & Jaśkiewicz (2004) main- ly focused on aphids connected with Crataegus xmedia. In the course of this research, observations were made of the species composition and number of arthropods from various trophic groups settling Crataegus xmedia in the urban conditions of Lublin.

Material and Methods

The research was carried out in Lublin in the years 2009-2010 in two sites. • Site 1 – situated by the road – a line of trees growing along a busy street • Site 2 – situated in a housing estate - trees growing in a bigger complex of greenery, surrounded by other plants, at a distance from traffic routes. In each site, 4-5 trees belonging to the Crataegus xmedia ‘Paul’s Scarlet’ species were selected, and every 10-14 days, 100 leaves were collected from each of them together with green and wooden shoots. Samples were collected from the end of March until September, as this was the period when the trees had leaves. The collected material was viewed under the stereoscopic microscope and the arthropods were counted, described and photographed. Species were determined according to the keys developed by Műller (1976), Kropczyńska (1999), Sza- dziewski (1999) and Blackman & Eastop (2000). In the present study, the collected arthropods were divided into three trophic groups with respect to their feeding preferences: herbivore arthropods, predatory and parasitic arthropods, and arthropods feeding on mixed nutrients. Herbivore arthropods were additionally subdivided with respect to their mouthpart type (biting or sucking-piercing), as the manner of food intake by phytophags has a vital impact on the appearance and development of the settled plants. Names of arthropod species are given according to Fauna Europea (2011).

Results and Discussion

In the conducted research, the total number of arthropods collected in both years (2009 and 2010) in the housing estate site was almost the same as the number collected in the by-the-road site (Tab. 1). In 2009, the number of arthropods was greater for the by-the-road site than for the housing estate site, while in 2010 the reverse was recorded – almost twice as many arthropods were found in the housing estate site than in the by-the-road site (Tab. 1). In the two research years, herbivore arthropods dominated both in the by-the-road site and in the housing estate site (Tab. 1). Similar data are found in 74 Ewa Mackoś - Iwaszko

Tykarska & Tykarski (2003). In the housing estate site, the number and percentage share of phytophags remained on the same level in 2009 and 2010, amounting to almost 90% of all arthropods found (Tab. 1, Fig.2A). As for the by-the-road site, in 2009 the number of herbivores was similar to that in the housing estate site, while in 2010 it dropped almost by half. It should, however, be noted that in both research years, the percentage share of herbivore arthropods was almost the same and constituted nearly 95% of all collected specimens (Fig. 2B). The number of predators in the housing estate site was twice the number recoded for the by-the-road site (Tab. 1). In the housing estate site, the percentage of predators to phytophags was from 3.6% to 90% in 2009 and 5.3% to 89% in 2010, respective- ly. In the by-the-road site, the percentage of predatory arthropods to herbivores was less than 1.6%, up to 97.8% in 2009 and from 4.4% to 95.2% in 2010 (Fig. 1). Parasitic arthropods were found only sporadically – few of them were found in both sites in 2009, and none were observed in 2010 (Tab. 1). Arthropods feeding on mixed nutrients amounted to less than 7% in both research years in the housing estate site and were scarce in the by-the-road site (Fig.1). Their feeding probably had no impact on the appearance or development of trees or on the decrease in the number of phytophags.

Table 1. Total number of arthropods of particular trophic groups collected in both research sites in 2009-2010

housing estate site by-the-road site 2009 2010 Total 2009 2010 Total herbivore arthropods 2518 2659 5177 3782 1707 5489 predatory arthropods 100 158 258 61 79 140 parasitic arthropods 3 0 3 5 0 5 arthropods feeding on mixed nutrient 188 188 376 21 7 28 Total 2809 3005 5814 3869 1793 5662

A. Herbivore arthropods Species with sucking-piercing mouthparts dominated among herbivorous arthropods (Fig.2). Similar data for other urban tree species were given by Chudzicka (1979), Cichocka et al. (1990a and b), Cichocka & Goszczyński (1991), Wilkaniec (1994) and Mackoś (2010). Sucking-piercing arthropods constituted approx. 99% of all phytophags in the housing estate site and almost 100% in the by-the-road site (Fig. 2). Aphids were a dominant group among sucking-piercing arthropods. In 2009, their number in both sites was higher than in 2010 (Fig.3). Most numerous were aphids from the Aphididae family, among which species previously reported feed- the housing estate site and were scarce in the by-the-road site (Fig.1). Their feeding probably had no impact on the appearance or development of trees or on the decrease in the number of phytophags. Table 1. Total number of arthropods of particular trophic groups collected in both research sites in 2009-2010

housing estate site by-the-road site

2009 2010 Total 2009 2010 Total herbivoreArthropods arthropods Settlin g Crataegus 2518 2659 xme dia 5177 Bechst 3782... 1707 5489 75 predatory arthropods 100 158 258 61 79 140 ing on Crataegusparasitic xmedia arthropods by other researchers3 were 0 observed 3 5( Tykarska 0 , 2002; 5 Sławińskaarthropods, 2003, feeding Tykarska on mixed & nutrientTykarsk i 188, 2003), 188 such 376 as: Aphis 21 pomi 7 De 28G eer 1773, Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker 1849), Ovatus crataegarius (Walker 1850), Dysaphis sp. and the speciesTotal so far 2809 not 3005demonstrated 5814 3869 in connection 1793 5662 with hawthorn in Poland, namely Aphis fabae Scopoli 1763.

6.7% 6.0% 0.5% 0.4% 100 1.7% 4.4%

3.7% 5.0% % 97.8% 95.2%

89.6% 89.0%

80 2009 2010 2009 2010

housing estate site by-the-road site

herbivore arthropods

predatory and parasitic arthropods

arthropods feeding on mixed nutrients

Figure 1. Percentage share of particular trophic groups of arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia in Lublin (2009-2010) Figure 1. Percentage share of particular trophic groups of arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia in LublinA. Herbivore (2009-2010) Arthropods Species with sucking-piercing mouthparts dominated among herbivorous arthropods (Fig.2). TheSimilar percentage data for othershare urban of Aphididaetree species were in 2009given byin CtheHUDZICKA housing (1979), estate CICHOCKA site was et al . (1990a 78.6%,and and b), in C 2010ICHOCKA – 50.6%& GOSZCZYŃSKI in relation (1991), to other WILKANIEC sucking-piercing (1994) and M arthropods.ACKOŚ (2010). In Sucking- piercing arthropods constituted approx. 99% of all phytophags in the housing estate site and almost the by-the-road100% in the site, by-the-road the percentage site (Fig. 2). figure forA phididae in 2009 was 83%, and it dropped to 47.8%Aphids inwere 2010. a dominant Also, groupin 2010 among few sucking-piercing Prociphilus piniarthropods. (Burmeister In 2009, 1835)their number in individualsboth sites from was the higher Pemphygidae than in 2010 family(Fig.3). Mostwere numerous observed were in aphidsthat site. from This the Aphididae species family, among which species previously reported feeding on Crataegus xmedia by other researchers were settling Crataegus xmedia has also been reported by Tykarska (2002) and Tykar- ska & Tykarski (2003). The number of Psyllidae in the housing estate site in 2009 was four times less than in 2010. In the by-the-road site, psyllids were infrequent in 2009, while in 2010 their number increased over 14 times as compared with the previous year (Fig. 3.). Apart from aphids and psyllids, arachnids from the family Tetranychidae were very numerous; their number in the by-the-road site in the years 2009 and 2010 was twice the number in the housing estate site (Fig. 3). The representatives of observed (TYKARSKA, 2002, SŁAWIŃSKA, 2003, TYKARSKA & TYKARSKI, 2003), such as: Aphis pomi De Geer 1773, Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker 1849), Ovatus crataegarius (Walker 1850), Dysaphis sp. and the species so far not demonstrated in connection with hawthorn in Poland, namely Aphis fabae Scopoli 1763. The percentage share of Aphididae in 2009 in the housing estate site was 78.6%, and in 2010 – 50.6% in relation to other sucking-piercing arthropods. In the by-the-road site, the 76 Ewa Mackoś - Iwaszko percentage figure for Aphididae in 2009 was 83%, and it dropped to 47.8% in 2010. Also, in 2010 few Prociphilus pini (Burmeister 1835) individuals from the Pemphygidae family were observed in thatTetranychidae site. This species were settlingAmphitetranychus Crataegus xmedia viennensis has also (Z beenacher reported 1920), byTetranychus TYKARSKA (2002) and TurticaeYKARSKA Koch & T YKARSKI1836 and (2003). Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten 1857).

A 2009 2010

1.3% 0.8%

98.7% 99.2%

B 2009 2010

0.2% 0.2%

99.8% 99.8%

sucking-piercing arthropods

biting arthropods

Figure 2. Percentage share of sucking-piercing and biting arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia in Lublin (2009-2010). AFigure – housing 2. Percentageestate site, B share – by-the-road of sucking-piercing site and biting arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia in Lublin (2009-2010). A – housing estate site, B – by-the-road site

The number of Psyllidae in the housing estate site in 2009 was four times less than in 2010. In both sites, the larvae of dipteron gall midge Dasineura crataegi (Winnertz In the by-the-road site, psyllids were infrequent in 2009, while in 2010 their number increased over 141853) times were as compared found, belonging with the previous to Cecidomyiidae, year (Fig. 3.). whose feeding caused the emergence Apartof rosette-shaped from aphids galls and at psyllids, the tips arachnids of young fromshoots the (Fig. family 4). More Tetranychidae D. cra- were very numerous;taegi larvae their were number observed in the inby-the-road the by-the-road site in thesite, years less 2009 in the and housing 2010 was estate twice site. the number in theHowever, housing in estate the latter site site, (Fig.3). representatives The representatives of Thysanoptera of Tetranychidae appeared, which were Amphitetranychus were viennensisabsent in the(Zacher by-the-road 1920), site.Tetranychus Similar dataurticae were Koch given 1836 by M andackoś Bryobia (2010) rubrioculus from her (Scheuten 1857).research on Tilia cordata Mill.

3500

r 3000 Arthropods Settling Crataegus xmedia Bechst... 77 2500

2000 3500 1500 r 3000 1000 2500 number of specimens/yea number 500 2000 0 1500 housing estate site by-the-road site housing estate site by-the-road site 1000 2009 2010 number of specimens/yea number 500 Aphididae Psyllidae Tetranychidae

Figure0 3. The number of the most numerous families of sucking-piercing arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia in Lublinhousing (2009-2010) estate site by-the-road site housing estate site by-the-road site

In both sites,2009 the larvae of dipteron gall midge 2010Dasineura crataegi (Winnertz 1853) were Aphididaefound, belonging to Cecidomyiidae, Psyllidae whose feeding caus Tetranychidaeed the emergence of rosette-shaped galls at the tips of young shoots (Fig. 4). More D. crataegi larvae were observed in the by-the-road site, less Figure 3. The number of the most numerous families of sucking-piercing arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia in FigureLublin (2009-2010)3. Thein thenumber housing of the estate most site.numerous However, families in theof sucking-piercing latter site, representatives arthropods ofsettling Thysanoptera appeared, Crataegus xwhichmedia werein Lublin absent (2009-2010) in the by-the-road site. Similar data were given by MACKOŚ (2010) from her In researchboth sites, on theTilia larvae cordata of Mill.dipteron gall midge Dasineura crataegi (Winnertz 1853) were found, belonging to Cecidomyiidae, whose feeding caused the emergence of rosette-shaped galls at the tips of young shoots (Fig. 4). More D. crataegi larvae were observed in the by-the-road site, less in the housing estate site. However, in the latter site, representatives of Thysanoptera appeared, which were absent in the by-the-road site. Similar data were given by MACKOŚ (2010) from her research on Tilia cordata Mill.

Figure 4. Galls caused by the Dasineura crataegi larvae on Crataegus xmedia

Figure 4. Galls causedArthropods by the Dasineura with biting crataegi mouthpart larvae were on Crataegus found in greaterxmedia numbers in the housing estate site than in the by-the-road site, which confirms the observations made by other authors (CICHOCKA & ArthropodsGOSZCZYŃSKI with biting, 1991; mouthpart WILKANIEC were, 1994; found MACKOŚ in greater, 2010;). numbers In the housing in the housestate- site, the percentage ing estate sharesite than of biting in the arthropods by-the-road in relationsite, which to sucki confirmsng-piercing the arthropods observations was made greater in 2009 than in byFigure other 4. Galls authors2010, caused and (by Cin ithechocka the Dasineura by-the-road & crataegi Goszczyńsk site larvae it was oni, similarCrataegus 1991; inW xbothmediailkan research iec, 1994; years M(Fig.ackoś 2). ,Larvae of butterflies 2010;). In fromthe housing the family estate Yponomeutidae site, the percentage were the sharemost numer of bitingous inarthropods the housing in estaterela- site, accounting for Arthropods with biting mouthpart were found in greater numbers in the housing estate site tion to sucking-piercingapprox. 80% of allarthropods the biting was arthropods greater collected in 2009 in than that sitein 2010,in 2009 and and in 2010. the The representatives than in theof by-the-road that family site,were whichthe Yponomeuta confirms thepadella observations (Linnaeus made 1758) by larvae other which authors were (C ICHOCKAfeeding in & cocoons by-the-roadGOSZCZYŃSKI site, 1991; it was W similarILKANIEC in, 1994;both researchMACKOŚ ,years 2010;). (Fig. In the2). housingLarvae estateof butterflies site, the percentage share of biting arthropods in relation to sucking-piercing arthropods was greater in 2009 than in 2010, and in the by-the-road site it was similar in both research years (Fig. 2). Larvae of butterflies from the family Yponomeutidae were the most numerous in the housing estate site, accounting for approx. 80% of all the biting arthropods collected in that site in 2009 and 2010. The representatives of that family were the Yponomeuta padella (Linnaeus 1758) larvae which were feeding in cocoons

78 Ewa Mackoś - Iwaszko from the family Yponomeutidae were the most numerous in the housing estate site, accounting for approx. 80% of all the biting arthropods collected in that site in 2009 and 2010. The representatives of that family were the Yponomeuta padella (Linnaeus 1758) larvae which were feeding in cocoons on hawthorn twigs. It is worth mentioning that they were not observed in any of the research years in the by-the-road side. Among the remaining arthropods with biting mouthparts that were found in research sites, there were Curculionidae beetles, larvae of hymenopterons from the family Tenthredinidaeon hawthorn and larvaetwigs. ofIt is several worth butterfly mentioning species that they belonging were not to observed Geometridae, in any of the research years Lymantriidaein the andby-the-road Tortricidae. side. In Amongthe by-the-road the remaining site, few arthropods biting arthropods with biting from mouthparts the that were found in Curculionidaeresearch family sites, and there Tortricidae, were CurculionidaeGeometridae larvae beetles, were larvaenoted . of hymenopterons from the family Tenthredinidae and larvae of several butterfly species belonging to Geometridae, Lymantriidae and Tortricidae. In the by-the-road site, few biting arthropods from the Curculionidae family and B. PredatoryTortricidae and parasiticGeometridae arthropods larvae were noted. In bothB. Predatory years of research, and Parasitic the by-the-road Arthropods site had a smaller number of predatory arthropods than the housing estate site (Fig. 5). Parasitic arthropods were In both years of research, the by-the-road site had a smaller number of predatory arthropods very fewthan and the they housing were observed estate site only (Fig. in 5).2009 Parasitic in both arthropodssites, in the were form very of para few- and they were observed sitized aphidonly in mummies. 2009 in both sites, in the form of parasitized aphid mummies.

100

60 by-the-road site % housing estate site 40

0 2009 2010 Figure 5. Percentage share of predatory arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia in Lublin Figure 5. Percentage share of predatory arthropods settling Crataegus xmedia in Lublin (2009-2010) (2009-2010) Predatory arthropods were most numerously represented by the mites from the Phytoseiidae Predatoryfamily .arthropods In the housing were most estate numerously site in both represented years of researchby the mites they from constituted over 80% of all the Phytoseiidaepredators, family while .in In the the by-the-road housing estate site sitethey in were both less years numerous of research (68% they in 2009, 44% in 2010). It is constitutedworth over noting 80% thatof all the predators, housing while estate in site the featuredby-the-road a largesite they number were of individuals from the less numerousPhytoseiidae (68% familyin 2009, and 44% a small in 2010). number It ofis worthspider notingmites, whilethat the the housing reverse was observed in the by- estate sitethe-road featured site. a large Spiders number were of very individuals numerous from in theboth Phytoseiidae sites. The most family numerous and insects were beetles a small fromnumber the of Coccinellidae spider mites, while family the and reverse in the was by-the-road observed sitein the there by-the-road were also predatory hemipterans from the Anthocoridae family, as numerous as Coccinellidae. As stated by CZECHOWSKA et al. site. Spiders were very numerous in both sites. The most numerous insects were (1979), insects from the Coccinellidae family are the least sensitive to urbanization pressure factors. beetles from the Coccinellidae family and in the by-the-road site there were also predatoryC. hemipteransArthropods fromFeeding the Anthocoridaeon Mixed �utrients family, as numerous as Coccinelli- Arthropods feeding on mixed nutrients accounted for over 6% of all arthropods collected in the housing estate site, but were scarce in the by-the-road site (Tab. 1). In the housing estate site in both research years, the Czenspinskia lordi Nesbitt mite prevailed among mixed feeders (approx. 90%). However, this species was not found in the by-the-road site. Moreover, a small number of Psocoptera and Tydeidae representatives were observed in both sites. Conclusion

Arthropods Settling Crataegus xmedia Bechst... 79 dae. As stated by Czechowska et al. (1979), insects from the Coccinellidae family are the least sensitive to urbanization pressure factors.

C. Arthropods feeding on mixed nutrients

Arthropods feeding on mixed nutrients accounted for over 6% of all arthropods collected in the housing estate site, but were scarce in the by-the-road site (Tab. 1). In the housing estate site in both research years, the Czenspinskia lordi Nesbitt mite prevailed among mixed feeders (approx. 90%). However, this species was not found in the by-the-road site. Moreover, a small number of Psocop- tera and Tydeidae representatives were observed in both sites.

Conclusion

From the research conducted in the years 2009-2010 it follows that herbivore arthropods with sucking-piercing mouthparts were a dominating trophic group settling Crataegus xmedia. In both research sites, aphids, psyllids and spider mites were the most numerous. Dasineura crataegi were also found in both sites, whose larvae caused disfiguration of leaves at the top of young shoots. Representatives of Thysanoptera appeared in the housing estate site, but they were not observed in the by-the-road site. Biting arthropods were more numerous in the housing estate site than in the by-the-road site. In the predator group, mites from the Phytoseii- dae family and spiders prevailed. Among predatory insects, the representatives of Coccinellidae dominated in the housing estate site and the representatives of Coccinellidae and Anthocoride in the by-the-road site. Numerously appearing herbivore arthropods caused leaf damage. The feeding of sucking-piercing arthropods caused deformation and yellowing of leaves and the formation of disfiguring galls. Arthropods with biting mouthparts damaged leaf blades when biting off leaf skin or making holes in leaves.

References

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Stawonogi zasiedlające głóg pośredni (Crataegus xmedia Bechst.) w zieleni miejskiej Lublina (południowo-wschodnia Polska)

Streszczenie Obserwacje nad składem gatunkowym i liczebnością stawonogów z różnych grup tro- ficznych zasiedlających głóg pośredni (Crataegus xmedia Bechst.) prowadzono na tere- nie Lublina, w latach 2009-2010. Badania prowadzono w dwóch stanowiskach, a zebrane stawonogi podzielono na grupy troficzne ze względu na preferencje pokarmowe. Obser- wacje dotyczą liczebności występowania stawonogów roślinożernych oraz pożytecznych w warunkach miejskich, w zależności od nasilenia antropopresji. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że dominującą grupą troficzną zasiedlającąCrataegus xmedia były fitofagi o kłująco-ssącym aparacie gębowym. W obu stanowiskach najliczniej występowali przedstawiciele Psyllidae, Aphididae i Tetranychidae. Ponadto, stwierdzono występowanie larw Dasineura crataegi (Winnertz, 1853), które powodowały zniekształcanie liści na końcach młodych pędów. Wśród drapieżców dominowały roztocze z rodziny Phytoseiidae oraz pająki. Wśród owadów drapieżnych, w stanowisku osiedlowym, dominowali przedstawiciele Coccinellidae, natomiast w stanowisku przyulicznym przedstawiciele Coccinellidae i Anthocoride. Pasożyty były bardzo nieliczne.