Gloriosa superba Linn.

;+lIfKt cfo'j]{b kl/ro (Introduction Of Ayurveda) lxtflxt+ ;'v+ b'Mvdfo':t:o lxtflxtd\ . dfg+ r tRr oqf]Qmdfo'j]{bM ; pRot] .. r=;"=!÷$! h'g zf:qdf -!_ lxt cfo' -@_ clxt cfo' -#_ ;'v cfo' -$_ b'Mv cfo', oL rt'lj{w cfo'sf] nflu lxt-kYo_, clxt-ckYo_ cfo'sf] dfg-k|df0f_ / cfo'sf] :j?ksf] j0f{g ul/Psf] x'G5, To; zf:qnfO{ cfo'j]{b elgG5 . cfo'j]{bsf] kof{o ≠ cfo'j]{b, zfvf, ljBf, 1fg, zf:q, nIf0f, tGq . cfo'sf] kof{o ≠ wf/L, hLljt, lgTou, cg'aGw . cfo'sf] k|df0f ≠ cfo'sf] k|df0f cs:dft\ pTkGg x'g] ljs[lt nIf0fx?n] hflgG5 . o; nIf0fx?sf] ;dodf pkrf/ gu/]df cl/i6 aG5 . oL ljs[ltx? zAb, :kz{, ?k, /;, uGw, OGb|Lo, dg, a'4L, r]i6f cflbdf x'g] x'G5 . oL ljifox?cg';f/ cfo'sf] k|df0f yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . cfo'j]{bsf] k|of]hg M ‘k|of]hg+ rf:o :j:y:o :jf:Yo /If0fdft'/:o ljsf/ k|zdg+ r .’ cfo'j]{bsf] b'O{ d'Vo k|of]hg 5g\– !_ :j:y JolQmsf] :jf:Yo /Iff @_ cft'/sf] /f]u lgjf/0f oL b'O{ nIo k|flKtsf nflu cfo'j]{bdf lq;"q-x]t', ln·, cf}ifw_, lqbf]if, k~rdxfe"t tyf ;fdfGo–ljz]ifsf] l;4fGtnfo[ cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 . cfo'j]{bdf lrlsT;fsf rf/ kfb dflgPsf] 5 . j}B, cf}ifwL, /f]uL / pk:yftf-rt'ikfb_ dWo] cf}ifw b|Josf] cToGt 7"nf] dxŒj /x]sf] 5 . cf}ifw b|Jo lrlsT;fsf] ;fwg ePsf]n] ltgsf] gfd, ?k, :j?k tyf k|of]usf] 1fg lrlsT;fsf nflu cToGt cfjZos x'G5 . cf}iflwsf] 1fg u/fpgsf nflu b|Jou'0f lj1fgsf] 5'§} cWoog cToGt h?/L 5 . b|Jou'0fM b|Josf] gfd, u'0f, sd{ tyf k|of]usf] ;jf{lË0f ljj]rg ul/g] zf:qnfO{ b|Jou'0f elgG5 . ‘b|Jou'0f’ b|Jo / u'0f b'O{ zAbn] ag]sf] 5 . b|Jo eGgfn] b|Josf] gfd, :j?k / /rgf;lxt ;Dk"0f{

1 Gloriosa superba Linn. ljifoj:t'x? hfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . u'0f eGgfn] b|Josf] /;, u'0f, jLo{, ljkfs, k|efjnufotsf ljz]iftf jf zlQm jf tL b|Jon] z/L/df Nofpg] kl/jt{g a'‰g'kb{5 . cfo'j]{bsf] d"n p2]Zo :j:y JolQmsf] :jf:Yo /Iff ug'{ tyf /f]uL JolQmsf] /f]u lgsf] kfg'{ xf] . /f]u nfUg glbg xfd|f] z/L/sf] an cyf{t\ cf]h x|f; x'g'x'Fb}g . ;f] sf nflu cfxf/ g} Pp6f k|d'v dfWod xf] . To;}u/L /f]uL JolQmsf] /f]u lgsf] kfg{ cf}iflw rflxG5 h'g b|Jo g} xf] . cfo'j]{bdf jl0f{t rf/ pk:yftfdWo] b|Jo klg Ps xf] . ctM cfo'j]{bdf b|Jou'0fsf] w]/} dxTj 5 . b|Jou'0f lj1fg

cf}iflw tyf cfxf/sf] ?kdf k|o'Qm x'g] ;a} b|Josf] u"0f sd{sf] kl/efiff b]lv lnP/ :j?k, e]b jf k|sf/ pkof]lutf, k|of]u ljlw cflbsf] af/]df a}1flgs tj/n] ;}4flGts Pj+ k|fof]lus cWoog ul/g] ljifonfO{ …b|Jou'0f lj1fgÚ elgG5 . o;df b|Jo u"0f oL b'O{ zAbdWo] b|Jo zAbaf6 b|Josf] gfd, :j?k /rgf;lxt kl/ro ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ ljioj:t'x¿, a'‰g'kg{] x'G5 eg] u'0f zAbaf6 b|Josf /;, u'0f, jLo{, ljkfs k|efj nufPtsf wd{ :jefj ljz]iftf jf zlQm tyf tL u'0fsf sf/0fn] b|Jon] z/L/df Nofpg] kl/jt{g cyf{t sd{ jf pkof]lutfnfO{ ;d]t a'‰g'k5{ :j:y JolQmsf] :jf:Yo /Iff ug{] / /f]uLsf] ljsf/ k|zdg ug{] oL cfo"j{]bsf b'O{ df}lns p2]Zo x'g\ . oL b'j} p2]Zo k"/f ug{ b|Josf] cfjZostf kb{5 . bf]if – wft' dnsf] Ifo jf j[l4 ePdf z/L/ j}ifDo x'G5 / k'?if cg]s ljsf/n] cfqmGt x'G5 . o:tf IfL0f tyf ljifd bf]ifnfO{ ;fDo l:yltdf nfg] ;fwg g} b|Jo xf] . b|Jo tyf z/L/ b'j} kf~ref}lts ePsfn] bf]if wft'–dnnfO{ lg/Gt/ k|efljt ub{5 . tbg';f/ ;fDo Ifo / j[l4 x'G5 . To;}n] b|Josf] ;do of]u k|of]u åf/f g} zf/Ll/s tTjnfO{ ;fDo l:yltdf Nofpg ;Dej x'G5 . ot˘rfo'iofgfo'iofl0f r b|Jou'0fsdf{l0f j]boTotf]˜Tofo'j{]bM . -r=;"= #)_ r/sn] cfo'j{]b zAbsf] lg/lQmsf] j0f{g ub{} cfo'io tyf cgfo'io b|Jo tyf To;sf] u'0fsd{sf] 1fg u/fpg] ePsfn] g} cfo"j{]b elgPsf] xf] elgG5 atfPsf 5g\ . cfo"j{]bsf] zfZjtTj klg b|Josf] :jefjsf] lgTotfsf] cfwf/df l;4 ul/Psf] xf] . The science in which dravya is studied in detail is called as Dravya- guna-vigyan (Materia medica). Dravya-guna-vigyan is based on the

2 Gloriosa superba Linn. ideas of satva-raja-tama, panchmahabhootas and various experiences derived from the study of balance-imbalance of basic components of the universe. Dravya-guna-vigyan has been formulated in context with swasthya (health) and rugna (disease). The basic ideas have been developed keeping the patient in mind. Dravya-guna-vigyan is thus a science of treatment. Dravya-guna-shastra is not only a useful factor for swasthya (maintenance of health) and chikitsa (treatment) but is also the chief factor involved in various substances as well as non-substances which are instrumental in vitiating health and creating disharmony in the equilibrium of body components. The use of Dravya-guna-shastra is necessary for restoring this equilibrium. If drugs are to be used then thorough knowledge of these is essential.

b|Jou'0f zf:qsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf; M

cfo"j{]bsf] 1fg a|Xdf08sf /rlotf cyf{t ;'li6sf k|f/Destf{ a|Xdf :jod\n] :d/0f u/L Psxhf/ cWofodf ! nfv Znf]so'Qm cfo'j{]bsf] /rgf ug{'ePsf] / pxfFaf6 qmdzM k|hfklt, clZjgLs'df/åo tyf OGb|nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . j]b k"/f0fx¿df klg clZjgLs'df/4o -clZjgL_nfO{ b]jtfsf lrlsT;s atfOPsf] / pgLx¿n] u/]sf cg]s lrlsT;f sd{x¿sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . OGb|af6 cfo"j{]bsf] 1fg wGjGt/L e/åfh, cfq]o, k"gj{;', clUgj]z, e]n, lgld sfZok, xf/Lt, Iff/kl0f, k/fz/, ht's0f{ tyf r/s, ;'>'t, s/jLo{, uf]k"/IfLt, b[9an, afUe6, gfufh{'g, j[4hLjs, rqmkf0fL, zfË{w/, dfwj, efjk|sfz, cflbn] u/]sf lyP . tL ;j}h;f] cfrfo{ dxifL{x¿n] cg]sf}+ lziox¿nfO{ cfo"j{]b cWofkg ug{'sf ;fy} cf–cfkm\g} 5'§f5'§} u|Gyx¿ /rgf u/]sf lyP . tLdWo] xfn pknAw r/s;+lxtf, ;'>'t;+lxtf / jfUe6–ci6fËx[bo_ oL # u|GynfO{ a[xTqoL / zfË{w/;+lxtf, dfwjlgbfg / efjk|sfz oL # nfO{ n3'qoL elgG5 .

3 Gloriosa superba Linn.

k|flrg sfndf b|Jou"0f lj1fg gfds 5'§} ljifo jf cËsf] ?kdf pNn]v gu/LP klg cfo"j{]b zfZjt ePsf] x'Fbf o;sf] ljleGg cËsf] ?kdf /x]sf] cfo'io Pjd\ cgfo'io b|Jo, u"0f– sd{sf] 1fg cyf{t b|Jou"0f lj1fgsf] k/Dk/f klg ;[i6Lsf] k|f/Deb]lv cgj/t rln cfPsf] 5 . j}lbs sfnb]lv o;sf] k|f/lDes ?k/]vf ePklg a[:t[t Pjd\ Jojl:yt /rgf ;+lxtf sfndf ePsf] kfOG5 . b|Jou'0f zf:qsf] ljsf;qmdsf] b[li6n] o;;DaGwL Oltxf;nfO{ lgDg adf]lhd # v08df ljefhg u/L k|To]s v08df cfrfo{x¿n] ct;Lsf] af/]df s] s:tf] j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ ltgLx¿sf] pNn]v lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ k|flrgsfn -Upto 7th Century AD_

j}lbs sfnb]lv ;ftf}+ ztfAbL;Ddsf] o; sfnfjlwnfO{ cfo'j{]bsf] ljsf;qmd a'‰g ;/ntfsf] b[li6n] j}lbs sfn / ;+lxtf sfn u/L o;/L ljefhg ul/G5 M

!= j}lbs sfn

j}lbs sfndf dGqf}iflw, dl0fwf/0fsf ;fy} o'lQmJokf>o lrlsT;f klg k|rlnt lyof] . dGqn] dfq} /f]u 7Ls geP klg cf}iflw;]jg;Fu} dGq k9gfn] dgf]j}1flgs k|efj k/L /f]uLsf] dgf]an tyf cf}iflwsf] zlQm klg a9\g] x'gfn] dGqsf] ;xL k|of]u ubf{ pe]bsf cfwf/df cfyj{0fL, cflË/;L, b}jL / dfg'ifL u/L rf/ k|sf/sf cf}iflwsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

It has been seen, that mention of the use of medicinal plant is found in all the four Vedas namely Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. Ayurveda, which is a text on the preventive and curative aspects of disease, is a part of Atharvaveda. The use of plants & animals as source of food & medicine is an old as humanity. One can find abundant reference of use of plants as healing agents both in works of Indian medicine and other works of antiquity like Papyrus Ebers (1550 B.C.), works of Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.),

4 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) in Historia Plantarum, Dioscoorides (1st Century) in De Materia Medica (78 A.D.), Galen (131-200 A.D.) etc. According to Rigveda one who possesses a variety of herbs should be called as a vaidya (Ayurvedic Physician). In Atharvaveda mainly four types of treatments have been mentioned: Atharvani, Angirasi, Daivi, Manushi. Among these four, Manushi refers to the use of plants in its treatment. Treatment by dravyas or herbs of plant origin is given more emphasis than by animal source. The panchabhautik composition of herbs, their rasas, vipak, veerya etc. are classified on the basis of their action. Though medicinal classification is action based, it is also done on morphological basis in relation to diet. Since Ancient times learned persons of vedic culture were quite aware regarding unimaginadde obligation of plants for the very sustaenance of animal life. There are a numbe verses in ancient literature depending this generosity of vegetavle kingdom. From the immemorial many medicinal plants are well known in the country. Use of herbal medicine can be traced to the remote past one of the oldest treatise in the world is Rig-veda (4500 BC - 1000 BC) where healing properties of some herbs are mentioned in the form of sonnets, which sre often recited in religious rituals, 67 medicinal herbs are mentioned in Rig-veda. Yajurveda contains 81 and Atharveveda contains 189 medicinal plants. @= ;+lxtf sfn

;+lxtfsf sfn b|Jo u'0f lj1fgsf] jf}l4s Pj+ ef}lts ;Dj[l4sf] b[li6n] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] kfOG5 . cf}ifw e"lddf ;j{>]i7 7x¥ofOPsf] lxdfno k|b]zdf pTkGg jgf}iflw b|Jox?sf

5 Gloriosa superba Linn. af/]df k|z:t cWoog, cg';Gwfg eP/ ;f]xL cfwf/df ltgLx?sf] gfd, ?k tyf u'0f, sd{sf ;DaGwdf kof{Kt hfgsf/L k|fKt ul/Psf] / ;':jf:Yo sfofd /fVg tyf ljleGg /f]ux?sf] pkrf/fy{ pkof]udf Nofpg] ul/Psf] tYo tTsflng ;+lxtf u|Gyx?sf] cWoogaf6 :ki6 x'G5 . xfn ;'ne?kdf pknAw r/s ;+lxtf, ;'>'t ;+lxtf cflb cfo'j]{bsf ;+lxtf u|Gyx?df b|Jou'0f ;DaGwL ljifox?df k|z:t ljj]rgf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ltgdf cfxf/ Pj+ cf}iflwsf ?kdf k|of]u ul/g] sfo{ b|Jox?sf] pTklQ sf/0f, :j?k, u'0f, sd{, pkof]u cflb ljleGg cfwf/df kl/ro / juL{s/0fsf ;fy} b|Jox?n] z/L/df k|efj kfg]{ sf/0fsf ?kdf /;, u'0f, jLo{, ljkfs / k|efjsf] l;4fGt lg?k0f tyf ltgsf] k|of]u ljlw, dfqf, k/:k/ ;++of]uhGo u'0f, bf]if clfbsf] klg ljj]rg ul/Psf] 5 .

dfWolds sfn-8th to 15th century_ ;+lxtfsfns} cf;kf;af6 cfxf/ Pj+ cf}ifw pkof]uL b||Jox?sf] gfd, kl/ro Pj+ u'0f, sd{, ;DaGwL 5'§} ;+sng ul/Psf lg306' gfdsf u|Gyx?sf] /rgf ug]{ k/Dk/f k|f/De ePsf] kfOG5 . oBlk s]xL o:tf ;+u|xx?nfO{ sf]z, b|JofjnL, b|Jofewfg, kof{o /Tgdfnf cflb gfd lbPsf] kfOG5 . tfklg lg306' zAb g} a9L k|rlnt eof] . s]xL lg306' sfnfjlwsf b[li6n] k|frLg sfnsf / sltko lg306'sf /rgfsf/ clnx;]Dd klg c1ft 5g\ . cd/sf]z, ci6fË lg306', ;f}>'t lg306', dbgkfn lg306', s}ob]j lg306', wGjGt/L lg306', /fh lg306' cflb o; ;dosf k|d'v lg306'x? x'g\ .

cfw'lgs sfn-15th century afterwards_ b|Jou'0f lj1fgsf] b[li6n] klg clt dxTjk"0f{ / clxn];Dd ;jf{lws nf]slk|o Pj+ k|rlnt /x]sf] efjk|sfz u|GynfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ;du cfo'j]{b jfËdosf] ;fy} b|Jo u'0f lj1fgsf] cfw'lgs sfn k|f/De ePsf] dflgG5 . n3'qoL dWo]sf] clGtd dflgPsf] of] u|Gy ;f]x|f}F ztfAbLdf efjld>af6 /rgf ul/Psf] xf] . o;sf] k"j{ efudf ;dflji6 efjk|sfz lg306'df b|Jou'0f lj1fgsf l;4fGtx?sf ;fy} cfxf/ Pj+ cf}fifwf]kof]uL b|Jox?nfO{ ljleGg @@ ju{df ljefhg u/L Jojl:yt ?kdf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . o;df b|Jofl>t kfFr u'0fx?nfO{ k~rkbfy{ gfdaf6 klg j0f{g

6 Gloriosa superba Linn. ul/Psf] 5 . cfw'lgs sfndf klg lg306' jf cGo gfdaf6 b|Jou'0f;DaGwL ;+u|x ul/Psf u|Gyx?sf] /rgf ug]{ k/Dk/f sfod} /x]sf] kfOG5 .

efjk|sfz lg306', lg306' ;+u|x, lg306' /Tgfsf/, jgf}iflw bk{0f –@ efu, jgf}iflw u'0ffbz{, lg306' lz/f]d0fL, clegj a'6L bk{0f, jg:klt kl/ro, jgf}iflw rGb|f]bo, lg306' cfbz{ g]kfnL lg306' cflbnfO{ k|d'v u|Gyx? x'g\ .

nf+unL

k|frLg sfn (Upto 7th Century AD) != j}lbs sfn slnxf/Lsf] j0f{g k|frLgsfnsf j]bx? CUj]b, cyj{j]b, oh'j]{b / ;fdj]bdf kfOPg .

@= ;+lxtf sfn r/s ;+lxtf kj{0ofM kj{k'iKofZr jftlkQx/+ :d[td\ . n3' leGgzs[ltQm+ nfËnSo'?a"sof]M .. –r/s ;+lxtf, ;"q= @&÷!)* slnxf/L kq / /Qm P/08 kqsf] ;fu n3', ltQm /; jfnf tyf dnnfO{ e]bg ug]{ x'G5 .

ltQmfnfa'saLh+ å] t'Ty] /f]rg] xl/b|] å] ======d"jf{ .. –r=;+=lr= &÷!)* sf;L;lxª\u'lzu|'q\o'if0f;'/bf?t'Da?lj8Ëd\ . nfËns+ s'6hTjs\ s6'sfVof /f]lx0fL r}j .. –r=;+=lr=&÷!)( ;if{kt}n+ sNs}/]t}d"{q] rt'u'{0f] ;fWod\ . s08"s'i7ljgfzgdEoËfGdf?tskmxGt[ .. –r=;+=lr=&÷!!) s8f t'DaLsf] aLh, t'ltof / vk/Lof, uf]/f]rg, xNbL, bf?xNbL, 7"nf] s6]/Lsf] kmn, P/08 d"nsf] af]qmf, OGb|fogsf] kmn, lrqs, d"jf{, sf;L;, xL+u, ;lxhgsf] af]qmf, ;f]+7, d/Lr, lkk/,

7 Gloriosa superba Linn. b]jbf?, t'Da'?, jfo'lj8Ë, nf+ufnLsf] h/f, sf]/ofsf] af]qmf / s'6sL logLx?sf] sNs t]nsf] rf}yfO / uf]d"q t]nsf] rf/ u'0ff xfn]/ tf]/Lsf] t]ndf ksfpg] . of] t]nn] cEo+u ugf{n] s08" / s'i7nfO{ gi6 ub{5 . tyf jft Pj+ skmhGo pkb|jx?nfO{ klg zfGt ub{5 . d':ts+ kf}is/+ qmf}~rf}F ======s/jL/s;+`sd \ .. –r=lr=@#÷!! kfns]Gb|o'w+ t}n+ d]rs+ ======nfËnSo~hgfesd\ .. –r=lr= @#÷!@ :yfj/ ljif M d':ts, kf}is/, qmf}~r, jT;gfe, anfxs, ss{6, sfns"6, s/jL/, kfns, OGB|o'w, t}n, d]rs, s'zk'iks, /f]lx;, k'08/Ls, nf+unL-slnxf/L_, c~hgfe, ;+sf]r, ds{6,, ;L+luof / xnfxn cflb tyf o;}k|sf/sf cGo ljif hf] d"ndf ljifo'Qm x'G5g\, ltgLx?nfO{ :yfj/ ljif elgG5 .

;'>'t ;+lxtf k|ltjfk] oyfnfe+ bGtLb|jlGtlrqsnfËnLk"tLsk|jfntfnkqLlj8;'jlr{sfsgsIfL/Llxª\u'jrfltljiffM ;dfZnI0fr"0ff{M z'lQmk|df0ffM k|ltjfkM . ; Pj+ ;k|tLjfkM kSjM kfSo:tLI0fM .. –;'=;"=!!÷!# tLI0fIff/– s5 zs{/f cflb k|If]k lbOPsf] Iff/df oyfof]Uo bGbL -hdfnuf]6f_, b|jGtL, lrqs, nf+unL, k"lts kNnj, tfnkqL, lj8\gds, x'nx'n, sgsIfL/L, xL+u, jr, ctL; oL ;a} z'lQm k|df0fdf lnP/ r"0f{ agfO ldnfpg'kb{5 . oL k|ltjfKo b|Jox?sf ;fy ksfOPsf] Iff/kfSo gfds tLI0f x'G5 . d[b'–dWo–tLI0f Iff/x? Joflwsf] cg';f/ pkof]u ug'{kb{5 . sfn]osfu'?ltnk0fL{s'i7xl/b|fzLtlzjztk'ikf;/nf/f:gfk|sLo]{Ë'bL;'dgM sfsfbgLnfËnsLxl:ts0f{d'~hftsnfdHhsk|e[ltgL jNnLs06sk~rd"Nof} lkKkNoflba[{xToflbd'{issflbj{rflbM ;'/;flb/f/Ujwflbl/lt ;df;]g Zn]id;+zdgf] ju{M .. –;'=;+=;"=#(÷( sfn]os-sfnf] /+usf] rGbg_, cu/, ltnk0fL{, s"7, xl/b|f, zLtlzj-sk"{/_, ztk'ikf, ;/nf, lqj[Q, /f:gf, k|s[of, nf+unL, x:tLs0f{, rd]nL, d'~hfts, jNnL Pj+ s06sk~rd"n, lkkNoflb, a[xToflb, cf/Ujwflb u0f ;+If]kdf skmgfzs 5g\ .

8 Gloriosa superba Linn.

cyfk/f›ktGTofgfxfWdfgf} s'?t], t:dft\ s07d:ofM s]zj]li6tof›Ë'Nof k|e[h]t\, s6'sfnfj"s[tj] wg;if{k;k{lgdf]{s}jf{ s6't}nljld>]of]{lgd'v+ w"ko]t, nf+unLd"nsNs]g jf›:ofM kfl0fkfbtndflnDk]t\, d"lWg{ jf›:ofM dxfj[IfIfL/dg';r]ot\, s'i6nfËnLd"n sNs+ jf dBd"qof]/Got/]0f kfoo]t\, zfnd"sNs+ jf lkKkNoflb jf dB]g l;b"wfy{ss'i7nf+unLdxfj[IfIfL/ld>]0f ;'/fd08]g jf››:yfko]t\ Pt}/]j l;b\w]g l;b\wfy{st}ngf]Q/j:tL bBft\ l:gUw]g jf s[Qgv]g x:t]gfkx/]t\ .. –;'=;+=zf= !)÷@! aflx/ glg:s]sf] ck/fn] cfWdfg / cfgfx pTkGg ub{5 . o;sf/0f skfn a]l/Psf] cf}Fnf k|;"tsf] 3fF6Llt/ 3';fP/ rnfpg'kb{5 . s8'O{ t'DaL, cdntf;, tf]/L, ;fFksf] sfFr'nL logLx?nfO{ tf]/Lsf] t]ndf ldnfP/ of]lgd'vdf w"k lbg' kb{5 . slnxf/Lsf] d"nsf] sNsnfO{ k|;'tfsf] xft / uf]8fdf n]k ug'{kb{5 . s'7 / slnxf/Lsf] d"nsf] sNsnfO{ dB of d"q s'g} Pssf] ;fydf lknfpg'kb{5 . zflnd"n sNsnfO{ of lkKkNoflb u0fsf] sNsnfO{ dB;Fu lknfpg'kb{5 . tf]/L, s'7, slnxf/L logLx?nfO{ yf]/sf] b"w;Fu of ;'/fd08sdf ldnfP/ cf:yfkg j:tL lbg'kb{5 . log}af6 l;4 tf]l/sf] t]naf6 j:tL lbg'kb{5 . b|jlGt lr/laNZr ======:tyf .. –;'=;+=lr= @÷*(–(@ b|jGtL, s/~h, hdfnuf]6f, lrqs, bf?xNbL, xNbL, d}gzLn, ?Gb|jf?0fL, nf+ufnL, jfo'lj8+u, x/tfn logLx?df h'g ldNb5 To;af6 t}n l;4 ug'{kb{5 . cyjf o;}af6 3[t l;4 ug'{kb{5 . pT;Ggdf;fg\ l:gUwfg elgg] j|0fdf t}n / lkQaf6 b'lift uDeL/, bfx, kfsaf6 kLl8t j|0fx?df 3[t nufpg'kb{5 . oL t}n / 3[tdf ;+zf]lwt sNs ldnfpg'kb{5 . ct pmWj+{======zftolt .. –;'=;+=lr= ^÷!@ cz{sf] nflu n]ksf nflu bGtL, lrqs, x'nx'n, slnxf/L logLx?sf] sNs uf]d"qdf lk;]/ nufpg'kb{5 . Hof]ltidlt ======ul/sl0fsf .. –;'=;+=lr= *÷#( dfns+ugL, slnxf/L, lgzf]y, bGtL, sfnLlgzf]y, ltn, d"7, zf}+km, uf]nf]dL, ltNjs, Zj]t ck/flhtf, sf;L;, :j0f{lIf/L oL b|Jox? euGb/sf] zf]wg sfo{df pQd 5 . dfuWof] dw's+ ======euGb/ljgfzgd\ .. –;'=;+=lr= *÷$#–$^

9 Gloriosa superba Linn.

lkKknL, d"nx7L, nf]w|, s'7, ;fl/jf, xNbL, bf?xNbL, slnxf/L, sdns]z/, lk|o+u', ;}Gwj cflb ;a} NofP/ logLx?af6 t}n l;4 ug'{kb{5 . of] t}n u08dfnfdf, dxf/f]uLx?sf] lk8sfdf, d08nx?df, /f]k0fsf nflu tyf euGb/ gfzsf] nflu pQd dflgG5 . ;'wf+ jrf+ nf+unsL+ ======a'l4dfg\ .. –;'=;+=lr= *÷%)–%@ lrqs, cfFs, lgzf]y, kf7f, s7u"n/, sg]/, yf]/, jr, slnxf/L, ;Ktk0f{, x'nx'n, dfns+ugL oL ;a}af6 t]n l;4 ug'{kb{5 . euGb/df o;sf] ljz]if k|of]u ul/G5 . of] t]n, zf]wg, /f]k0f tyf ;j0f{ ug{df pQd x'G5 . ;Ktk0f{ ======s'i7ljgfzgd\ .. –;'=;+=lr= (÷%$–%^ jh|s t}n– ;Ktk0f{, s/~h, cfFs, rd]nL, sg]/, yf]/, lz/Lif cflbsf] h/f, ;fl/jf d"n, dL7f tf]lnof, slnxf/L, gfukmnL, sf;L;, x/tfn, d}gl;nf, s/~h aLh, lqs6', lqkmnf, xNbL, bf?xNbL, tf]/L, jfo'lj8Ë, kgjf8 logLx?nfO{ uf]d"qsf] ;fydf lk;]/ logLx?sf] sNsaf6 uf]d"qdf t]n l;4 ug'{kb{5 . of] jh|s t}n s'i7gfzs 5 . o;n] gf8Lj|0f, b'i6j0f{ gfz ub{5 . l;4fy{s ======dxfu'0fd\ .. –;'=;+=lr= (÷%&–^# dxfjh|s t}n– tf]/L, gf6fs/~h, xNbL, bf?xNbL, /;f}t, s'6h, kgjf8, ;Ktk0f{, OGb|fo0f, nfv, /fn, cfs, ;fl/jf, cdntf;, yf]/, lz/Lif, t'j/s, s'6h, lenfjf, jr, s'7, jfo'lj8+u, lz/Lif, slnxf/L, uGws, t'Ty, 3/sf] WjfF;f], dL7f t]nLof, sdLnf l;Gb'/ oL ;a}nfO{ ;dfg efudf lnP/ lk;]/ o;sf] b'O{u'0ff uf]d"q, uf]d"qsf] a/fa/ tLnsf] tLn, tLnsf] t]neGbf rf/u'0ff s/~h / tf]l/sf] t]n ldnfP/ logLx?af6 t]n l;4 ug'{kb{5 . of] t}n clt zlQmzfnL dxfu'0fjfg\ x'G5 . o; t]nnfO{ nufpgfn] ;a} s'i7, u08dfnf, euGb/, gf8Lj|0f lagf ;Gb]x gi6 x'G5 . o; t]nsf] gfd dxfjh|s xf] h'g cltzo u'0fsf/L 5 . z'4:o ======k|lbÅoft\ .. –;'=;+=lr= !*÷#%–#^ jdgaf6 z'4 ePsf] skmfa'{b /f]uLnfO{ cnfa'åf/f /ut lgsfn]/ ca'{bdf ckrLdf s]xL pmWj{ / cwMdfu{ -jdg–lj/]rg_ af6 bf]ifx?nfO{ lgsfNg]jfnf b|Jox?sf] sNsaf6 n]k ug'{kb{5 . sa't/sf] jL6, kf/fjtsf] jL6, sfF;Lsf] :ofxL, z's, slnxf/L, sfsfbgLsf] d"n logLx?nfO{ d"qdf lk;]/ n]k ug'{kb{5 . tqfhu ======k|;fwo]t\ .. –;'=;+=lr= @)÷#–$

10 Gloriosa superba Linn.

ckSj ch ulNnsfdf h'sf nufP/ /St lgsfNg'kb{5 . ;Lk, ;lh{sIff/ / ojIff/ logLx?sf] n]k ug'{kb{5 . sfln lgzf]y, slnxf/L, kf7f logLx?sf] sNsn] n]k ug'{kb{5 . ;/nf ======;]rgd\ .. –;'=;+=lr= @%÷!( d';nL, afjrL, cZjuGwf, cfs, d}gkmn, ;}Gwj, ;/n, slnxf/L logLx?af6 k|Kt t]nnfO{ s]s8f / uf]xLsf] j;fdf l;4 ug'{kb{5 . of] t]n pGdGy gfzs x'G5 .

ci6f· Xbo ;"q:yfg tyf nfËlnsfblGtlrqsfltljiffjrfM . :jflhsfgsIfLl/lxË'k"ltskNnjfM .. –c=X=;"= #)÷@! tLI0f Iff/ agfpg] ljlwM dWodIff/df ;'wf. ;s{/f, ;LkL ld;fP/ lk;]/ slnxf/L sGb, bGtLd"n, lrqfsf] h8sf] af]qmf, ctL;, afnjr, ;HhLIff/, :0f{IfL/Lsf] h8, xLFu, k"lts/~hsf] sf]dnkq, tfnkq, lj8nj0fsf] ;"Id r"0f{ sif{ ldnfP/ tLI0fsf] Iff/ lgdf{0f ul/G5 . e"h{nfËlnsLt'DaL;k{TjSs'i7;if{k}M . k[yUåfEof+ ;d:t}jf{ of]lgn]kgw"kgd\ .. –c=X=zf= !÷*^ olb ;dodf ue{ gePdf, aRrf ghGd]df, ue{ /f]lsPdf ef]hkq, slnxf/L, s6't'DaL, ;k{sf] sfFr'nL, s"7 tyf tf]/L lnP/ of]lgdf n]k ug]{ tyf w"k lbg] ug'{kb{5 . slnËnfËnLs[i0ffj£gokfdfu{t08'n}M . e"lgDa;}Gwju'8}h'{8f u'bhgfzgfM .. –c=X=lr= *÷!^) OGb|hf}, slnxf/LsGb, lkkn, lrQ, ckfdfu{sf] aLh, lr/fOtf] tyf ;}Gwj n}j0f / ;a}af6 @ u'0ff u'8 ldnfP/ agfPsf] uf]nL cz{nfO{ gi6 ub{5 . lj8ËeNnfts ======s'i7d\ .. –c=X=lr= !(÷$% lj8Ë, enfof], ajfrL, lrQd"n, jf/fxLsGb, x/8, slnxf/L sGb, sfnf]ltn tyf lkknsf] r"0f{ ;defu ;a}sf] kl/df0feGbf b'O{ u'0ff u'8 ksfP/ uf]nL agfpg] o;n] s'i7 gfz ub{5 . eNnftsåLk ======nfËlnsf+ r kSTjf .. –c=X=lr=@)÷!^ enfof], lrQfd"n, ;]x'08sf] d"n, cfFssf] d"n, u'~hfsf] aLh, ;f]+7, d/Lr, kLkn, z+v eid, t'tLof, s'6, k~rnj0f, ;lh{Iff/, slnxf/L ;a} ;defu ;]x'08 / cfFssf] b"wdf ksfP/ uf9f

11 Gloriosa superba Linn. ePkl5 nf}xsf] kfqdf /fVg] / nf]xfsf] znfsfaf6 n]k ug]{ . of] n]k s'i7, lZjq, ltnsfns, clwdf+;, cz{sf] c+s'/ df+; tyf rd{sLndf ul/G5 . wfqLkmfl0fHhs/;] ======z'qmxif{0fd~hgd\ .. –c=X=p= !!÷$% slnxf/Lsf] Iff/, cdnf tyf e?jfsf] /;df xfn]/ 5f]8\g] . ;'v]kl5 lk:g] / c~hg ug]{ . z'qmnfO{ xif{0f ub{5 . pGdGy] ======r gfjgd\ .. –c=X=p=!*÷$^ pGdGy /f]u– uf]xL / s]s8fsf] j;f / t}n ld;fP/ x/8, sdnkq, cZjuGwf, cfFs, afs'rL, tLn, ;}Gwjnj0f, t'n;Lsf] kq, slnxf/L sGbsf] sNs ldnfP/ ksfP/ l;4 u/]/ cEo+u ug]{ . OGb|n'Kt] ======k/d\ .. –c=X=p=@$÷@*–#! OGb|n'Ktgfds ljsf/df ;'uGwL, df]yf, b]jbf?sf] n]k jf slnxf/LnfO{ e}+;Lsf] b"wdf lk;]/ n]k ug'{kb{5 . j|0ffg\ ======;}Gwj} .. –c=X=p=@%÷$$ Iffnfg\ cflb & j|0ff]krf/df ;lGw Pj+ dd{:ynsf] j|0fx?sf] zf]wgdf lgzf]]y, bGtLd"n, slnxf/L, dw' tyf ;}Gwj nj0faf6 ag]sf] aQLaf6 ug'{kb{5 . sfslbgLnfËln ======j]wg}M .. –c=X=p=#)÷!* ckfrL /f]udf slnxf/Lsf] sGbsf] sNs ! efu s/~h t]n $ efu ;Defn" /; !^ efu ldnfP/ l;4 ug]{ o;sf] g:o / cEo+u ug]{ . s/jL/ ======;fj{sld{s .. –c=X=p=#^÷&)–&! sg]/, cfFs k'ik Pj+ d"n, slnxf/L, lkkn, kf7f, d/LrnfO{ s/~hLdf lk;]/ sNs agfpg] . of] cubkfg g:o, c~hg, n]kg Pj+ ;]rg cflb ;a} sd{df k|o'Qm x'G5 . z+sf gfds ;k{sf] ljifdf klg nfe ub{5 . nfËnL ======ztqod\ .. –c=X=p=#(÷^^ slnxf/L sGb, x/f]{, ax]8f, cdnf tyf nf]x eid !)÷!) kn e+u]/fsf] /;df lk;]/ #^) uf]nL agfpg] / 5fofdf ;'sfP/ /fVg] . o;af6 si6f;fWo /f]uaf6 kLl8t dfgj klg lg/f]u x'G5 .

12 Gloriosa superba Linn.

dWosfnLg ;+lxtf (8th to 15th century) dbgkfn lg306' -!$ cf}F ztfAbL – ceoflbju{df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5_ slnsfl/gfdu'0fM – ceoflbju{ slnsf/L jlÅgd'vL nfËnL ======r ;f :d[tf .. -–ceoflb ju{ @*–@(_ slnsf/L, jÅgLd'vL, n+ufnL, ue{kfltgL, ljzNof, xlngL, zL/L, z'Snk'liksf, ljB't, pNsf, clUglhÅjf, jlÅglzvf, clUgsf cflb slnxf/Lsf gfd x'g\ . slnsf/L ;fu ==== ue{kfltgL .. -–ceoflb ju{ #)_ slnxf/L ;/ 5 . s'i7, ajf;L/, 3fp, z"n cflbnfO{ gfz ub{5 . t]h / udL{ 5 . s[dL gfz ub{5 . xn'sf x'G5, lkQsf] pkhftL 5, ue{ lu/fpF5 . slnxf/L, nf+ufnL sGb, clUglzvf log} gfdaf6 k|l;4 5g\ . xNbL;dfg ufF7f]x?sf] u'R5fx? hdLg d'lg x'G5 .

/fhlg306';lxtf] wGjGt/L lg306' M -!% cf}F ztfAbL_ $= slnsf/L – pkljifd\ -cy s/jL/flbZjt'yf]{ ju{_ sflnsfl/ – slnsfl/s pkljifd\ sflnsf/L t' xlngL ljzNof ue{kfltgL . nfËNof›lUgd'vL ;L/L bLKtf gQm]Gb'k'liksf ..(.. u'0ffM nfËnL s6'?i0ff r skmjftljgflzgL . ltQmf ;f/f r Zjoo'ue{zNo j|0ffkxf ..!).. /fhlg306f} ztfÅjflbZrt'yf]{ ju{ slnsf/L nfËlngL xlngL ue{kfltgL . lbKTf ljzNof›lUgd'vL xnLgQm]Gb'k'liksf ..&.. ljB'HHjfnf›lUglhÅjf r j|0fXTk'ik;f}/ef . :j0f{ k'ikf jlÅglzvf :ofbf]if iff]8zfWjof .. u'0ff slnsf/L s6'i0fM r skmjftlgs[GtgL . uef{GtM zNolgisf;sf/0fL ;fl/0fL k/fM ..

13 Gloriosa superba Linn.

cfw'lgs sfnLg ;+lxt (15th century afterwards) efjk|sfz lg306'-!^ cf}F ztfAbL_ slnxf/L t'xlngL nfËnLz'Snk'iKolk . ljzNoflUglzvfgGtf jlÅgjSqf r ue{g't \ .. slnxf/L ;/f s'i7zf]kmfzf]{j|0fz"nlht\ . ;IfL/fZn]idlhlQStf s6'sf tj'/flk r . tLI0ff]i0fs[ldXNnWjL lkQnf ue{kfltgL .. gfd– slnxf/L, xlngL, nf+unL, z'Snk'ikL, ljzNof, clUglzvf, cgGtf, jlÅgjSqf, ue{g't\ . efiffe]baf6 gfde]b– lxGbL M– slnxf/L, slnof/L, sl/of/L . a+ufnL– ljifnf+unf d/f7L– snfnfjL u'h/flt– snuf/L Nofl6g– Gloriosa superba u'0f– b:tfj/, vf/L, s8f, r/k/L, tLI0f, ud{, xNsf lkQsf/s / ue{nfO{ lu/fpg]jfnf tyf sf]9, ;"hg, ajf;L/, s[dL, j|0f, z"n tyf skmnfO{ gi6 ub{5 . ljj/0f M slnxf/Lsf] u'Nd xNbLsf] u'Nd ;dfg x'g] ub{5 . o;sf] sGb dflysf] af]qmf kx]Fnf] b]lvG5 . zLt Ct'df o;sf] u'Nd ;'Sb5 / Tof] jiff{ Ct'sf] k|yd jfl/kftdf xl/of] x'G5 / gofF kftx? lgSng] ub{5 . cb'jfsf] ;dfg g} o;sf] sGb x'g] ub{5 h;nfO{ /f]k]kl5 To;df gofF klQx? lgSng yfNb5 . cfb|{ :yfgx?df of] k}bf x'Fb}g lsgls o;sf] sGb ;8\g] ub{5 . ctM z'is :yfgx?df o;nfO{ nufpg'kb{5 . o;sf] la?jf b08fsf/, Zofdj0f{ @–% kmL6 ;Dd prfO ePsf], kq afF;sf] ;dfg g} t/ g/ / l;/lt/ df]l8Psf] x'G5 . o;sf] km"n cg]s k|sf/sf /+u jfnf x'G5g\ . cGtdf /ftf] /+u /xG5 h'g clt g} ;'Gb/ x'G5 . o;sf] /+u 7Ls OGb|wg'ifsf] /+u;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'G5 . ctM o;nfO{ OGb|k'ikL / dflysf] /ftf]efu /xgfn] clUglzvf elgG5 . z/L/ leq s'g} zNo-lsnf jf kmnfdsf] tL/_ 3';]df To;dfly olb o;sf] n]k ul/of] eg] pQm nf}x of wft' lgld{t sLnf cfkm} dfly lg:sG5-rqmbQ–j|=zf]=lr=_ . ctM o;nfO{ ljzNof klg elgG5 . tyf ck/f OToflb b'Mvbfos zNodf klg o;sf] n]k ugf{n] lgsflnlbG5 . ctM ljzNof elgG5 . o;sf] k'iknfO{ 5'gfn] jf /u8\gfn] cfuf] an]sf] h:tf] bfx k}bf x'G5 . ctM jlÅgjSqf

14 Gloriosa superba Linn. elgG5 . ;'Gb/tf tyf /Iffsf nflu ljifnfËnL au}Frfsf] d]=9df nufOG5 . gofF pbleb1x?n] o;sf] gfd Gloriosa superba /fv]sf 5g\ tyf o;sf] j0f{gdf n]lvPsf] 5– ''This is very ornamental creeper is common on hedges during the rainy seasons'' slnxf/Ldf of] j0f{g ;'Gb/tfsf] nflu ul/Psf] x'g ;S5 t/ ntf creeper xf]Og . ctPj o;sf] Nofl6g gfddf cem}klg ;Gb]x 5 . O{znf+unf / ljifnf+unf gfdn] hf] w]/} a+ufnL j}B o;nfO{ lrgfpg] ub{5g\ pgLx?n] of] Wofgdf /fVg'kb{5 ls O{znf+unfsf] gfd ‘O{Zj/ d"nd\’ xf] g ls slnxf/L, oBlk of] klg To;} ju{sf] rLh xf] t/klg o;eGbf k[ys\ x'G5 . jStJo– r/ssf] ‘bz]dflg’ df o;sf] kf7 5}g t/ ljiflrlsT;f lr=@% / s'i7 lrlsT;fdf o;sf] pNn]v cfPsf] 5 . cf7 d"nljifx?df ljB'HHjfnf u/]/ ;'>'tn] o;sf] pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;sf] zf]wg uf]d"qdf ul/G5 . OToflb ..

z+s/ lg306' – @) cf}F ztfAbL

;+:s[t gfd– slnxf/L, d/f7L– snnfjL, a+=– O{znf+unf, c+u|]hL– Wolfsbane u'0f– b:tfj/, vf/L, s8f, r/k/L, s;}nL, tLI0f, u/d, xnsf, lkQsf/s, ue{nfO{ lu/fpg] jfnf, sf]9, ;'Gg]sf], aj/;L, s[dL, j|0f, z"n tyf skm gi6 ug]{ x'G5 . ljj/0f– nf+ufnL sGbnfO{ slnxf/L elgG5 . o;sf] tn xNbL ;dfg df]6f] @ ufF7f x'G5g\ . dfly afFb/sf] k'R5/;dfg tfGbf lg:sG5 . /ftf] / kx]Fnf] cfuf]sf] lkmn'Ëf];dfg k'ik x'G5 . ;'vk"j{s k|;j x'gsf] nflu o;sf] sGb :qLsf] xftdf afFlwG5 . lg306' cfbz{ -@) cf}F ztfAbL – !(^*_ lg306' cfbz{df nf+ufnLsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] kfOPg . jgf}iflw lgb]{lzsf -@) cf}F ztfAbL_ sflnxf/L of sln-l/_of/L -nfËnL_ ;+ – nfËnL, ljzNof, clUglzvf . lx+ – sfnxf/L, sln-l/_of/L a+ – ljif nfË'lnof, O{znfËn c+ – Superb Lily

15 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Latin - Gloriosa Superba jfg:klts s'n M knf08' s'n(Liliaceae) k|flKt:yfg M ;d:t ef/tjif{, n+sf tyf jdf{sf] h+un . o;sf] k'0o cToGt ;'Gb/ Pj+ /+u– lj/+u x'g] sf/0f kfl6sfx?df nufOG5 . lxdfnodf !@)$=!*m of $)))ft sf] prfO;Dd o;sf] kft ldNb5 .

;+lIfKt kl/ro M slnxf/L cf/f]xL ntf :jefjsf] jg:klt xf] . h;sf] efu-Arial Part_ k|oMjiff{o'-Annual_ x'G5 . gofF la?jf jiff{ Ct'df lg:sG5 tyf sflt{s;Dd cfkm} ;'Sb5 . t/ o;sf] d"n :tDe-Root Stock_ eg] ax'jflif{s-Perennial_ x'G5 . tyf e"ldleq km}lnP/ /xG5 . pQm ef}lds efu u'lbbf/ x'G5 tyf cf}ifWoy{ k|o'Qm x'G5 . kftx? PsfGt/-Alternate_ / cled'v- Oppsite_ qmddf tyf s'g} s'g} kj{df #–$ j6f Ps ;fy (In Whorls of 3-4) lgSnG5g\ . h'g k|foM ljgfn(Sessile) x'G5 . cyjf s'g} s'g} Subsessile x'G5 . ?k/]vfdf cfotfsf/, uf]nfsf/, nDafu|o'Qm tyf cu|sf kl/jt{g ;"q-Tendril_ df x'G5 h'g l:k|Ë h;/L leq df]l8Psf(Spirrally twisted) x'G5 . pQm ljlzi6 kl/jt{g jg:kltnfO{ cf/f]x0fdf ;xof]u ub{5 . 6f9faf6 x]bf{ kftx/m df]6f] afF;sf] kft h:tf] b]lvG5 . kq sf]0fb\e"t, Psn-Solitery_ tyf % b]lv &=% ;]=ld- 2-5inch_ nfdf] kqj[Gtx?df wf/0f ul/Psf] x'G5 . tyf df]l8Psf] h:tf] x'G5 . kqdf kl/bnk+'~h- Perionth_ ^ kqx?sf] x'G5 h'g k|f/Dedf kx]Fnf] /Fu / kl5 uf9f /ftf] /+usf] x'G5 . slxn]–slxn] cGtd{Wodf c? ldl>t /+u klg kfOG5g\ . pQm ;j0f{ sf]ifsf] bnkqx?sf] lsgf/fx? nx/fbf/- Unelulate_ x'G5 . km"n cfPkl5 cJoQm cfsif{s x'G5 .

b|Jou'0f lj1fg-@) cf}F ztfAbL !(%^_ -uef{zo ;+sf]rs ju{_ u0f M pkljif s'n M /;f]g s'n (Liliaceae) gfd M n}= Unf]l/cf]hf ;'kjf{(Glorisa superba Linn)_† ;+=– nfu+nL– -xnfsf/ sGb_† snfxf/L – -si6s/ zNonfO{ x/0f ug]{_, clUglzvf – - /Qmk'ik ePsf]_, ue{g't\ – -ue{kfltgL_ .

16 Gloriosa superba Linn.

lx=– slnxf/L, slnof/L . a+ufn– pn6r+8fn, lanf+u'ln† d/f7L– snnfjL, v8Ø gfu† u'h/ftL– b"lwof] a5gfu tf=– snfO{–kfO{–ls–h'+u t]=– cfbfljgfle c+u|]hL– Malabar Glory Lily Plant Discription of] Pp6f ;'Gb/ ax'jiff{o' j[Iff/f]xL ntf xf] . o;sf] sf08 kftnf], @) km'6;Dd nfdf] k|ltjif{ sGbjt\ df+;n ax'jiff{o' ef}lds sf08af6 lg:sG5 . ef}ds sf08 xnfsf/, jqm, :yfg– :yfgdf ;+s'lrt . nueu ! km'6;Dd nfdf] / !=% OGr Jof; x'G5 . kq k|foM j[Gt/lxt, n6\jfsf/–efnfsf/, ^–* OGr nfdf] tyf cu|efudf ;"qfsf/ x'G5 h;sf] ;xf/fn] of] j[Ifdf r9\g] ub{5 . k'ik M w]/} cfsif{s, Psn jf u'R5fa4 x'G5 . kl/k'iksf] bn @–# OGr nfdf], )=% OGr rf}8f, t/+lutwf/, k|f/Dedf xl/of] km]l/ kx]Fnf] / cGtdf /Qm j0f{ x'G5 . k'ikb08 k|foM & OGr nfdf] x'G5 . kmn M b'O{ OGr nfdf] x'G5 . h;df cg]s uf]nfsf/ aLhx? x'G5g\ . d"n:tDe M cfn'sf] ;dfg, a8f aLr aLrdf ;+sL0f{ x'G5 . k'ik–kmn jiff{ Ct'df x'G5 / zLt Ct'kl5 ntf ;'s]/ hfG5 . pTklQ:yfg M ^ xhf/ kmL6 ;Dddf kfOG5 . /f;folgs ;+u7g M ef}lds sf08df sf]lNrl;g-Colchicine_ gfds Iff/fe-)=@–)=# k|ltzt_ x'G5 . h;sf] sf/0f o;sf] ljiffQm lqmof x'G5 . o;;Fu ldNbf] h'Nbf] Pp6f csf]{ Iff/fe Gloriosine gfds x'G5 . logLx?sf] cltl/Qm Ps ;'ulGwt t}n, a]+hf]Os cDn, ;]ln;}lns Pl;8, sf]ng, zs{/f, j;fDn tyf s]xL /fnLo kbfy{x? x'G5g\ . u'0f – n3', tLI0f /;– s6', ltSt ljkfs– s6' jLo{– pi0f k|efj– ue{ktg sd{ – bf]ifsd{– pi0fjLo{ ePsf sf/0f of] skmjftzfds 5 . ;+:yflgs sd{ afÅo– o;sf] n]k /Stf]TSn]zs, Iff]es, lqmld£g tyf ue{kfts x'G5 . cfEofGt/ kfrg;+:yfg– cNk dfqfdf of] bLkg, lkQ;f/s / s[dL£g x'G5 . cwLs dfqfdf of] jfds / /]rs x'G5 tyf o;af6 cfdfzodf tLj| bfx / Iff]e pTkGg x'G5 . /Qmjx;+:yfg– of] /Qmzf]ws x'G5 . k|hgg;+:yfg– of] uef{zo;+sf]rs x'G5 . tfkqmd– of] ljifd Hj/£g x'G5 .

17 Gloriosa superba Linn.

;fTdLs/0f– cNk dfqfdf lbgfn] of] aNo / /;fog x'G5 . ljiffQm k|efj– cwLs dfqfdf lbgfn] jdg, lj/]rg, pb/z"n tyf cGtdf Xbofj/f]waf6 d[To' x'G5 . k|of]u bf]ifk|of]u – of] skmjflts /f]udf k|of]u x'G5 . ;+:yflgs k|of]u afÅo– zf]y, j|0f, u+8dfnf, cz{, rd{/f]u tyf j[lZrs, ;k{ cflbsf] b+zdf o;sf] n]k ul/G5 . z/L/leq s'g} sLnf, tL/, sfF6L cflb 3';]df 5fnfdf o;sf] n]k ugf{n] Tof] dfly lg:sG5 . ;'v k|;j tyf ckf/fkftgsf] nflu o;sf] sGbsf] n]k xfydf tyf uf]8fsf] k}tfnfdf tyf gfeL, j:tLk|b]z tyf j+If0fdf ul/G5 . ue{lgisf;gfy{ o;sf] sGb of]lgdf /flvG5 . kq:j/; skfndf h'd|f dfg{sf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . cfEofGt/ kfrg;+:yfg– cNk dfqfdf o;sf] r"0f{ clUgdfGB, lkQljsf/ tyf s[dLdf k|of]u ul/G5 . /Qmjx;+:yfg– s'i7/f]ux?df of] nfes/ 5 . k|hgg;+:yfg– si6k|;jdf ue{lgisf;gfy{ o;sf] r"0f{ lbOG5 . tfkqmd– ljifdHj/df pkof]uL 5 . ;fTdLs/0f– cNkdfqfdf of] bf}a{Nodf k|o'Qm x'G5 . dfqf– @%)–%)) ld=u|f=-s6'kf}li6s_, #–^ u|fd=-ue{lgisf;gfy{_ . ljlzi6 of]u – sf;L;flb t}n, nf+unL/;fog .

g]kfnL lg306'-@) cf}F ztfAbL–!(^*_ -ljiff]kljif ju{_ 6jfskm"n, g]kfn] s]j/f -ljiff]kljif ju{_ g]kfnL gfdM– 6jfskm"n, g]kfn] s]j/f ;+ – slnsf/L, clUgd'vL, clUglhÅjf, OGb|k'ikL, ue{kfltgL, lbKtL, k'ik;f}/eL, nfËlngL, jlÅglzvf, ljB'HHjfnf, ljzNof, j|0f2t, zqmk'ikL, :j0f{k'ikf, xnL, xlngL . lx= – slnxf/L, sl6of/ a= – laifnfËnf, OznfËnf

18 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Nof= – Gloriosa Superba. :jfefj M tLtf], lk/f], 6/f]{ / g'lgnf] x'G5 . tLI0f, u/d / ;f/s 5 . xnsf / lkQsf/s 5 . s[dL, s'i7, zf]y, cz{, z"n, jfQLz"n, j|0f, ljifljsf/ / skm–jfo'sf] ljsf/df lxtsf/s 5 . z'is ue{ jf z'4 ue{nfO{ ktg u/fpF5 .

/;t/l·0fL-!!cf}F ;+:s/0f !(&(_ rt'zlj{+z:t/· k]h &#( ljift'08saLh+ r Tjlxkm]gZr ======a'w}?kljifflewM .. – rt'lj+zltt/Ë !^#–!^$ /;t/lË0fLdf pkljifx?sf] ;+Vof !! atfOPsf] 5 . != s'lrnfsf] aLh, @=ckmLd, #=hdfnuf]6fsf] aLh, $=wt"/f]sf] aLh, %=efFusf] kq, ^= ;]tf] 3'+3rL, &=enfof], *=cfFssf] b"w, (= y"x/, !)=slnxf/L / !!=sg]/ .

cub tGq -cfo'j]{bLo ljif lj1fg_ kof{o M slnsf/L, sl/of/L, snf/L, nf+u'nL, ljifnf+unL, O+b], nfln, gfusl/cf, snuf/L, b"lwof], a5gfu, clUglzvf, :j0f{k'ikf, bLKtf, ljB'HHjfnf, ue{kfltgL, The glory lily, Tiger's claw cflb . kl/ro M of] Liliaceae s'nsf] la?jf xf] . of] sf]dn, ;'Gb/ / cf/f]x0fzLn x'G5 . sf08 kftnf], uf]nf], sdnf] / xl/of] /+usf] x'G5 . kq ljifdjtL{, & b]lv @) ;]=dL= ;Ddsf] x'G5 . @ b]lv # ;]=dL= rf}8fsf] efnfsf/sf] x'G5 . k'ikx? ;'Gb/, cwf]d'vL, & b]lv !) ;]=dL= Jof; x'G5 . k'ikgfn & b]lv !% ;]=dL nfdf] x'G5 / To;sf] cufl8sf] efu 6]9f] x'G5 . kmnx? d6/sf] kmn;dfg x'G5 . sGbsf] e]baf6 o;nfO{ b'O{ hfltsf] dflgPsf] 5 . !=g/ / @=dfbf . g/ of k'?if hfltsf] sGb nfdf], uf]nf, b'O{ efudf ljeQm x'G5 . :qL hfltsf] sGb uf]nf], lsl~rt nfdf] / Ps g} x'G5 . /f;folgs ;+u7g M o;df Ps s6' :jfb jfnf Superbine gfds ljif}nf] Iff/e kfOG5 / Gloriosine gfds b|Jo kfOG5 .

19 Gloriosa superba Linn.

ljif nIf0f Pj+ lrGx – of] bfx, df]x, a]r}gL, jdg, lj/]rg / e|d pTkGg ug]{ x'G5 .:j]b cwLs dfqfdf cfpF5 . olb /f]uLn] ;dodf pkrf/ kfPg eg] clt;f/sf] cltsf sf/0f cTolws b'a{n, ;TjxLg Pj+ lg:;1+ eP/ p;sf] d[To' x'G5 . 3fts dfqf Pj+ 3fts cjlw – clglZrt 5 . d/0ff]Q/ :j?k – s'g} ljlzi6 nIf0f x'Fb}g . lrlsT;fsf] j}wflgs kIf – o;sf] k|of]u ;'v k|;j, ck/fkftg / ue{;|fjsf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . o;sf] ljiffQmtf k|foM cfsl:ds x'G5 .

pkrf/ M ;fdfGo lrlsT;f qmd ckgfpg'kb{5 . nIf0fx?sf] cg';f/– !=clt;f/sf] cj:yfdf bxLdf ld>L ldnfP/ lbg] . @=sk8fdf bxL /fv]/, lgrf/]/ To;df dx / ld>L ld;fP/ v'jfpg] .

About Gloriosa Superba Linn. Scientific classification

Kingdom : Plantae

(unranked) : Angiosperms

(unranked) : Monocots

Order : Liliales

Family : Colchicaceae

Genus : Gloriosa Species : Gloriosa superba

Family Liliaceae The Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of monocotyledons in the order Liliales. Plants in this family have linear leaves, mostly with parallel veins but with several having net venation (e.g., Cardiocrinum,

20 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Clintonia, Medeola, Prosartes, Scoliopus, Tricyrtis), and flower arranged in threes. Several have bulbs, while others have rhizomes. Shade-dwelling genera usually have broad, net-veined leaves, fleshy fruits with animal-dispersed seeds, rhizomes, and small, inconspicuous flowers; genera native to sunny habitats usually have narrow, parallel- veined leaves, capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds, bulbs, and large, visually conspicuous flowers. Many plants in the Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for their attractive flowers. Many species are poisonous if eaten and may cause serious complications, such as renal failure, in household pets, especially cats. The lily family was formerly a paraphyletic "catch-all" group that included a great number of genera now included in other families, and some in other orders, including Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Melanthiaceae, Nartheciaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae , Tecophilaeaceae, Themidaceae, Tofieldiaceae, and Uvulariaceae, and members of the monocot orders Asparagales, Dioscoreales, and Alismatales. Smilacaceae appears to be the family most closely related to Liliaceae. The genus Calochortus, which includes the sego and mariposa lilies, and its allied genera are separated into a separate family Calochortaceae in some schemes, while others maintain them as a subfamily of Liliaceae, the Calochortoideae. It is estimated that the family evolved 58 million years ago during the Early Paleogene.

21 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Gloriosa superba (Linn) Gloriosa is a genus of five or six species in the plant family Colchicaceae, from tropical Africa and Asia. They are tender, tuberous rooted deciduous perennials, adapted to summer rainfall with a dormant dry season. Gloriosa superba is a striking tuberous climbing plant with brilliant wavy-edged yellow and red flowers. There is also a more bushy, yellow-flowered form. The name Gloriosa comes from the word gloriosus, which means handsome and superba form the word superb clearly alluding to the beautiful flowers which appear from November to March. Naturally it occurs in semi-shade areas among bush on hillsides along the Nepal, India, Swaziland, Northern Province, Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. Flame lilies are grown commercially for a chemical compound. They are also used by certain people to treat intestinal worms, bruises, infertility, skin problem and impotence. It is also said that sap from the leaf tip is used for pimples and skin eruptions by Tswana and Masai farm workers (Roberts, 1990).

22 Gloriosa superba Linn.

NB. Chemical research showed that all part of this plant, both above and below ground, are extremely poisonous and ingestion could be fatal.

Propagation "Propagation generally occurs from seeds, although mature plants can be divided and grown from tubers. The hard seeds can remain dormant for 6-9 months." Its native range is Africa, Southeastern Asia and parts of Malaysia, but now widely cultivated.

Growing Gloriosa superba Propagate this plant from seed sown in September- October and be patient because the seed might take up to four month to germinate. Seedlings should be planted straight out in the garden in an equal mix of good garden soil and compost. The flame lily must be allowed to scramble up through trees, alternatively provide a trellis in semi- shade area. In summer it needs to be well watered, however water should be withheld once the foliage begins to turn yellow. The tubers are prone to rot under moist conditions during the winter months. The tubers are brittle and fragile and need to be handled carefully. Tubers can only be lifted and split or moved during the dormant period. Botany

23 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Gloriosa climb or scramble over other plants with the aid of tendrils at the ends of their leaves and can reach 3 meters in height. They have showy flowers, distinctive because of their pronouncedly reflexed petals, like a Turk’s cap lily, ranging in colour from a greenish-yellow through yellow, orange, red and sometimes even a deep pinkish-red. All parts of the plant contain colchicine and related alkaloids and are therefore dangerously toxic if ingested, especially the tubers; contact with the stems and leaves can cause skin irritation. Various preparations of the plant are also used in traditional medicines for a variety of complaints in both Africa and India. G. superba is the national flower of Zimbabwe, and was the national flower of Rhodesia. It is also the state flower of Tamil Nadu state in India. It is very common throughout the island of Sri Lanka as well. Some synonyms, arising from the many variations, for Gloriosa superba include G. rothschildiana (or G. superba ‘Rothschildiana’), G. simplex, G. virescens, G. abyssinica, G. carsonii, G. minor, G. lutea, G. baudii.

Etymology The most common names of Gloriosa are: Language Vernacular Name

Flame lily Fire lily English Gloriosa lily Glory lily Superb lily

24 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Climbing lily Creeping lily

Amakukhulume (Ndebele) Zimbabwean Kajongwe (Shona)

Harihari Hindi Kalihari

Agnishikha Marathi Kala-lavi

Naabhi Adavi-naabhi Telugu Potti-naabhi Agni-Sikha Potti dumpa

Sen-kandhal Tamil Karthigai Poo

Description

Habit – "Scandent herbs, the rootstock a horizontal rhizome, the stem leafy, the leaves spirally arranged or subopposite, the upper ones with cirrhose tips; flowers solitary, large, borne on long, spreading pedicels, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite; perianth segments 6, free, lanceolate, keeled within at base, long-persistent; stamens 6, hypogynous, the anthers extrorse, medifixed and versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; ovary superior, 3-celled, the carpels cohering only by their inner

25 Gloriosa superba Linn. margins, the ovules numerous, the style deflected at base and projecting from the flower more or less horizontally; fruit a loculicidal capsule with many seeds" A "scandent plant, climbing by leaftip tendrils. The perianth segments, which are accrescent during anthesis and become reflexed, are striking in color, yellow proximally and at margins and dark red in the median portion"

Habitat/ecology In Australia, "scattered naturalized populations exist in the understorey of coastal dry sclerophyll forest and sand dune vegetation throughout south-east Queensland and New South Wales". It is considered a rampant and dangerous invasive weed in Australia, dominating the coastal dunes at the expense of native species and leading to deaths of native animals and birds when ingested. In India,Gloriosa is distributed in Paschim Ghat but the density is rapidly decreasing due to excessive uprooting by the Herbal Medicine Producers.

In Nepal Nepali name : Agnisikhaa, Haritali phool, Kewari, Langhali Distribution inside Nepal: Region: West, Central and East Bio-climate: Tropical- Temperate Altitude: 170 - 2200 m.

26 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Representative districts in NEPAL : 9 (Baitadi, Banke, Chitwan, Dang, Dhankuta, Kalikot, Kapilbastu, Rasuwa, Salyan) Propagation: By seeds and vegetative propagation (by tubers), but V- shaped tubers/rhizomes are better for commercial cultivation. Cultivation: Field ploughed and harrowed several times until it is found to a find tilth. The field is then divided into subplots of convenient sizes. About 15-20 tons/ha compost should be mixed during ploughing. Soil: Red sandy loamy soil with high water holding capacity, well drainage and acidic soil pH 5.5-6.5 is favorable. Climate: Tropical, warm, humid, annual rainfall of 400 mm and temperature between 10-200C is suitable to grow. Manuring: 100-120 kg Nitrogen, 50-60 kg Phosphorus and 70-80 kg Potash/ha is requisite for optimum yield. Seeds and seedlings: About 40,000 tubers (about 2.5-3 tons) are required for planting in one hectare field. Tubers start sprouting from the month of May. Best planting time of tubers are July-August for good growth and yield. Some kind of support is necessary for successful growth. Productivity: After 3 years of planting, about 0.2-0.25 tons/ha of dried seeds are produced per annum and after 5 years, about 2.5 - 3 tons/ha tuberous roots are produced. Sustainable harvesting : When fruits/capsule turn into dark green from light green and fruit bark dries, it is ready to harvest within 110-120 days of planting. It completely matures in 170-180 days duration and becomes ready to harvest.

27 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Toxicology

– From http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/plant/pim245.htm While all parts of the Gloriosa contain colchicine, the roots have the highest concentration of the toxin. One-tenth of an ounce of Gloriosa root can be fatal to an adult. Glory lily is among some of the modern medicine's most important plants actually facing local extinction.Gloriosa superba derives its name Gloriosa from the word ‘gloriosus’, which means handsome and superba from the word ‘superb’ means splendid or majestic kind. This plant has been a source of medicine right from the ancient time.

Medicinal importance The sap from the leaf tip is used for pimples and skin eruptions. Tribals of Patalkot apply the powder of rhizome with coconut oil in skin eruptions and related diseases for 5 days. This combination is said to be effective in snake and scorpion bites too. Tribals crush roots of the plant in water and apply on head for curing baldness. To avoid painful delivery, Gonds and Bharias of Patalkot, apply rhizome extract over the navel and vagina. It induces labour pain and performs normal delivery. Bhumkas (local healers) generally prescribe 250 to 500 mg of the rhizome as dosage. According to Bhumkas of Patalkot, this dose may lead to abortion if given to a lady with pregnancy of 1 or 2 months. Since the rhizome is having abortive action, this is prescribed for normal delivery. In traditional medicine system, tuber is used for the treatment of bruises and sprains colic, chronic ulcers, hemorrhoids, cancer, impotence nocturnal seminal emissions and leprosy. Many cultures

28 Gloriosa superba Linn. believe the species to have various magical propertiesThe plump roots of the plant have been used in the treatment of parasitic skin infections, leprosy, and internal worms In Ayurveda and Yunani systems of medicine, the tuber of plant is well known due to its pungent, bitter, acrid, heating, anthemintic, laxative, alexiteric and abortifacient nature. It is widely used in the treatment of ulcers, leprosy, piles, inflammations, abdominal pains, intestinal worms, thirst, bruises, infertility and skin problem However, ingestion of all parts of the plants is extremely poisonous and can be fatal.

Other uses: Gloriosa superba is also known as the national flower of Zimbabwe Except miscellaneous pharmaceutical product and other therapeutic preparations, it is also a popular plant for providing color in greenhouses and conservatories even immature flowers are beautiful to behold All parts of the plant, especially the tubers, are extremely poisonous. The tubers may be mistakenly eaten in place of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batata) since the tubers resemble those of sweet potatoes. The juice of the leaves is used as an ingredient in arrow poisons. The flowers are used in religious ceremonies. Gloriosa superba is believed as most important herb that is exported, and collection of seeds and roots for the foreign market is causing a shortage of raw material for local drug industries in India. If endangered plants like G. superba are allowed to become damaged through excessive collection, a whole series of traditional medicines and plants which have been in use for thousands of years will be threatened. It is therefore need of the hour to come forward and rescue this important

29 Gloriosa superba Linn. glorious herb of Patalkot. Active participation from everyone is highly needed specially people from Chhindwara district.

Main risks and target organs The toxins in G. superba have an inhibitory action on cellular division resulting in diarrhoea, depressant action on the bone marrow and alopecia.

Summary of clinical effects Initial symptoms develop within two to six hours after ingestion of tubers of G. superba. They are characterized by numbness and tingling around the mouth, burning and rawness of the throat, nausea, intense vomiting, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea leading to dehydration. The other important complications that follow may include: respiratory depression, dyspnoea, shock, hypotension, marked leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders, oliguria, haematuria, confusion, seizures, coma and ascending polyneuropathy. Alopecia and dermatitis are the late manifestations that develop about one to two weeks after poisoning.

Diagnosis Bio-medical analysis : daily full blood counts, coagulation tests, serum electrolyte levels and urinalysis are the important investigations to assess the clinical condition. Blood collection for colchicine dosage has to be kept in the dark with anticoagulant.

30 Gloriosa superba Linn.

First-aid measures and management principles If the patient is conscious and alert, induce vomiting by tickling the back of the throat or by giving syrup of ipecac: 6 to 18 months - 10 mL, 18 months to 12 years - 15 mL)followed by 1 to 2 glasses of water to induce vomiting. Repeat after 15 minutes if no response. If ipecac is not available or if the patient has not responded in 5 minutes after the second dose or in an adult, carry out a stomach wash out. The patient should be admitted to a hospital immediately with, if available, vomit and any remaining plant material.

Management principles : Carefully monitor the respiration. Ensure adequate airway. Perform gastric lavage immediately. Anticipate and treat hypotension with adequate intravenous fluids and vasopressors. Blood transfusion will also be helpful to support the circulation. Continuous cardiac monitoring is useful. Correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Monitor renal function. Initial forced diuresis enhances elimination of colchicine and should be performed once dehydration and shock is corrected. Keep the patient under observation. Poisonous parts : All parts of the plant, especially the tubers, are extremely poisonous. Main toxins : Colchicine, an alkaloid, is responsible for the toxic effect of G. superba. The species also contains another alkaloid 'gloriosine'. High risk circumstances : In parts of tropical Africa and Asia the tubers of G. superba may be mistakenly eaten in place of Sweet

31 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) since the former is a weed of farmland and the tubers resemble those of Sweet Potatoes. Rote of exposure : Oral– Ingestion of tubers or other parts either intentionally or accidentally.

Clinical effects – Acute poisoning Acute manifestations begin two to six hours after ingestion and consist of burning pain in the mouth and throat with thirst, followed by nausea, intense vomiting, colicky abdominal pain and severe diarrhoea with blood, leading to hypotension and shock. Delirium, loss of consciousness, convulsions, respiratory distress, haematuria, oliguria, transient leucocytosis followed by leucopenia,thrombocytopenia with haemorrhages, anaemia, muscle weakness which may progress to polyneuropathy are seen in the second or third day. Alopecia occurs 1 to 2 weeks after intoxication as a late manifestation in survivors.

Course, prognosis, cause of death – The commonest clinical presentation of poisoning is severe gastroenteritis with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea with blood leading to dehydration, hypovolaemic, shock and acute renal failure. Muscle weakness, hypoventilation, ascending polyneuropathy, bone marrow depression and coagulation disorders are the other features of poisoning. Death in severe poisoning occurs due to shock or respiratory failure although haemorrhagic or infective complications may cause death after the first day.

32 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Systematic description of clinical effects Cardiovascular – Heart - there is no direct effect on the heart, but fluid and electrolyte loss, often causes hypovolaemic shock manifested by hypotension and tachycardia. Respiratory – Respiratory failure is thought to be due to the paralysis of intercostal muscles rather than the direct depression of the respiratory centre by colchicine (Angunawela & Fernando, 1971). The patient may be dyspnoeic and cyanotic. Neurological – Central nervous system (CNS) There is progressive paralysis of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Confusion and delirium may develop either secondary to poor cerebral perfusion or as a result of direct cerebral toxicity (Ellenhorn et al., 1996). It may also cause convulsions, restlessness and coma. Peripheral nervous system : Ascending polyneuropathy, weakness, loss of deep tendon reflexes may be described.

33 Gloriosa superba Linn.

Conclusion Langali is a important medicinal as well as poisionous plant. But It wasn't described in any Vedas. Much descriptions are found in the texts of samhita period and afterwards under the Sanskrit name Kalihaari, Vishalangala, Garbhanut, Agnisikha etc. Glorisa superba Liliaceae Malabar Glory Lily leaf modified into tendril Tendril, plough shaped root and red colour flower are its special identifying charesters. Plant is found upto 6000 ft In Nepal and India. In Rasatarangini it is taken as one of the upavisha. The sap from the leaf tip is used for pimples and skin eruptions. effective in snake and scorpion bites too. Tribals crush roots of the plant in water and apply on head for curing baldness. To avoid painful delivery, rhizome extract is applied over the navel and vagina. It induces labour and performs normal delivery. Generally 250 to 500 mg of the rhizome as dosage is prescribed. Tuber is used for the treatment of bruises and sprains colic, chronic ulcers, hemorrhoids, cancer, impotence nocturnal seminal emissions and leprosy. Many cultures believe the species to have various magical properties. In Ayurveda and Yunani systems of medicine, the tuber of plant is well known due to its pungent, bitter, acrid, heating, anthemintic, laxative, alexiteric and abortifacient nature. It is widely used in the treatment of ulcers, leprosy, piles, inflammations, abdominal pains, intestinal worms, thirst, bruises, infertility and skin problem However, ingestion of all parts of the plants is extremely poisonous and can be fatal.

34 Gloriosa superba Linn.

References:

I. Acharya Sukla Bidhyadhar and Prof. Tripathi Ravidutta; Charak Samhita Latest Re-edition-2007, Vol. I & ii published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan, Bangalo Road, Delhi. II. Shastri AmbikaDutta (Reprint 2064 B.S.); Sushrut samhita with Hindi commentary (vol. I & II) Edited with Ayurveda–Tattvo– sandipaka & Chaukhamba orientalia, Varanasi. III. Gupta Atridev & Upadhyaya Shree Yadunandan(Reprint 2065B.S.); Astanga Hridaya– Chaukhamba Orientalia, Sanskrit series, Vanarasi–1 India. IV. Apate Ganesh Vinayak; Raj Nighantu sahito Dhanawontari Nighantu (Anandashram– mudranalaya–1925, itgranthawol, varanasi) V. Devkota Koshnath; Nepali Nighantu, first edition 2025 – Nepal Rajkiya Pragnya Pratisthan. VI. Rajbaidhya Pandit Gaud Shankar Dutta; Shankar Nighantu– Banausadhi Bhandar Jabalpur – 1935. VII. Nighantu Adarsha; Chaukhamba Biddya Bhawan, Gopal Mandir, Dane Varanasi. VIII. Das Ganga Visnu Shree Krishna; Madanpaal Nighantu – 2010B.S., Laxivenkateswor, steam press, Bombay. IX. Mohan Surendra; First edition(1928); Kaiya Dev Nighantu, Publisher – Das, Laxman meharchand. X. Shastri Dwivedi Bishwonath; Bhavaprakash Nighantu(2002); Banarasidas Motilal, New Delhi. XI. Gaauno me Ausadhratna Tritiya Bhaga; published by Krishna gopal Ayurveda Bhawan.

35 Gloriosa superba Linn.

XII. Singh Ram Kaushal; Banaushadhi Nirdesika (Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia); Ist Edition 1979; Motilal Banarasi Das, India. XIII. Pandit Shastrina Kasinath; Rasatarangini (2004); Published by Motilal Banarasidas, Mumbai XIV. Sharma Priyavarta; Dravya Guna Vigyan Vol. I, II, III, IV, V; Chaukhamba Bharati Academy, Vanarasi XV. www.google.com, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloriosa_(genus), XVI. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liliaceae XVII. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/gloriosasuperba. XVIII. http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/plant/pim245.htm XIX. http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/medicinal- plants/gloriosa-superba.html

36