Streptococcus Equi Subsp. Zooepidemicus
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Streptococcus Agalactiae Using Strand Invasion Based Amplification (SIBA®) Method
Sanna Hirvonen Rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae using Strand Invasion Based Amplification (SIBA®) Method Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Bachelor of Engineering Biotechnology and Food Engineering Bachelor’s Thesis 01.06.2017 Abstract Author(s) Sanna Hirvonen Title Rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae using Strand In- vasion Based Amplification (SIBA®) Method Number of Pages 41 pages + 1 appendix Date 1. June 2017 Degree Bachelor of Engineering Degree Programme Biotechnology and Food Engineering Specialisation option Kevin Eboigbodin, Senior Development Manager Instructor(s) Kirsi Moilanen, Project Manager Tiina Soininen, Senior Lecturer The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis was to develop a new and rapid method for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae by using the isothermal SIBA®-method. S. agalactiae, i.e. group B streptococcus (GBS), is the leading cause of severe neonatal infections. In addi- tion, it causes infections for pregnant women, the elderly and people, who have some chronic disease. The experimental part of this thesis was executed at Orion Diagnostica’s Research and Development laboratory. The thesis was started by conducting oligoscreening to find the most suitable primer combinations. Along with the screening, GBS was grown on blood agar plate and LB broth. The genomic DNA was extracted from LB broth and quantified with qPCR. Primer combinations that passed the oligoscreening were tested with the ge- nomic DNA. Suitable assays were optimized, the sensitivity and specificity of the assays were tested, and the best assay was freeze-dried. In addition, the effect of different lytic enzymes to SIBA® reaction and GBS cells was tested. Lastly, the developed SIBA GBS assay was tested with clinical samples by using freeze-dried reagents. -
ACVIM Consensus Statement Streptococcus Equi Infections In
ACVIM Consensus Statement J Vet Intern Med 2005;19:123±134 Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide veterinarians with guidelines regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, or treatment of animal diseases. The foundation of the Consensus Statement is evidence-based medicine, but if such evidence is con¯icting or lacking the panel provides interpretive recommendations based on their collective expertise. The Consensus Statement is intended to be a guide for veterinarians, but it is not a statement of standard of care or a substitute for clinical judgment. Topics of statements and panel members to draft the statements are selected by the Board of Regents with input from the general membership. A draft is prepared and input from Diplomates is solicited at the Forum and via the ACVIM Web site and incorporated in a ®nal version. This Consensus Statement was approved by the Board of Regents of the ACVIM before publication. Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles Corinne R. Sweeney, John F. Timoney, J. Richard Newton, and Melissa T. Hines isease caused by Streptococcus equi infection in hors- disease characterized by nasal discharge, small abscesses, D es, commonly referred to as strangles, was described and rapid resolution of disease, whereas younger horses are in early veterinary science literature and ®rst reported by more likely to develop severe lymph node abscessation that Jordanus Ruffus in 1251. Although its of®cial name is S subsequently opens and drains. equi subsp equi, there is compelling evidence that it is de- Fever is the ®rst clinical sign and persists as lymphade- rived from an ancestral S zooepidemicus as a genovar or nopathy develops and abscesses mature. -
Beta-Haemolytic Streptococci (BHS)
technical sheet Beta-Haemolytic Streptococci (BHS) Classification Transmission Gram-positive cocci, often found in chains Transmission is generally via direct contact with nasopharyngeal secretions from ill or carrier animals. Family Animals may also be infected by exposure to ill or Streptococcaceae carrier caretakers. β-haemolytic streptococci are characterized by Lancefield grouping (a characterization based on Clinical Signs and Lesions carbohydrates in the cell walls). Only some Lancefield In mice and rats, generally none. Occasional groups are of clinical importance in laboratory rodents. outbreaks of disease associated with BHS are Streptococci are generally referred to by their Lancefield reported anecdotally and in the literature. In most grouping but genus and species are occasionally used. cases described, animals became systemically ill after experimental manipulation, and other animals Group A: Streptococcus pyogenes in the colony were found to be asymptomatic Group B: Streptococcus agalactiae carriers. In a case report not involving experimental Group C: Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus manipulation, DBA/2NTac mice and their hybrids were Group G: Streptococcus canis more susceptible to an ascending pyelonephritis and subsequent systemic disease induced by Group B Affected species streptococci than other strains housed in the same β-haemolytic streptococci are generally considered barrier. opportunists that can colonize most species. Mice and guinea pigs are reported most frequently with clinical In guinea pigs, infection with Group C streptococci signs, although many rodent colonies are colonized leads to swelling and infection of the lymph nodes. with no morbidity, suggesting disease occurs only with Guinea pigs can be inapparent carriers of the organism severe stress or in other exceptional circumstances. -
Pathodxtra Strep Grouping
of extracted streptococci antigens of prepared (as described in test procedure on solid media) representative strains of Lancefield Groups A Colonies On Solid Media: with an uninoculated mixing stick or inoculating loop. The A, B, C, D, F and G. The solution contains 1 Label one 12 × 75 mm test tube for each specimen. latex suspension should not show significant agglutination 0.098% sodium azide as preservative. Store 2 Add 1 free flowing drop of Reagent 1 to each specimen and the result serves as a control for direct comparison of at 2 to 8°C; stable until the expiration date tube by squeezing the bottle gently in a vertical the test performed with bacterial extract. Key Code TSMX7733B position. marked on the label. c) Carry out the complete test procedure on stock cultures www.oxoid.com/ifu 3 Pick 1 to 4 isolated ß-haemolytic colonies with a Reagent 1 (DR0709A) disposable applicator stick or with an inoculating loop of known groups. Europe + 800 135 79 135 US 1 855 236 0910 One bottle containing 4.0 ml of a blue and resuspend them in Reagent 1. (If colonies are 10 RESULTS CA 1 855 805 8539 ROW +31 20 794 7071 coloured sodium nitrite solution with minute sufficient colonies should be resuspended in 0.098% sodium azide as preservative. Store Reagent 1 to ensure it becomes turbid.) Do not use INTERPRETATION upright and tightly capped; stable at 2 to a swab, since it will absorb too much of the liquid 10.1 POSITIVE RESULT: A positive reaction occurs when there volume. -
BD™ Enterococcosel™ Agar
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE – READY-TO-USE PLATED MEDIA PA-254019.06 Rev.: Mar 2013 BD Enterococcosel Agar INTENDED USE BD Enterococcosel Agar is a selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of fecal streptococci (group D) from clinical specimens. PRINCIPLES AND EXPLANATION OF THE PROCEDURE Microbiological method. This medium is based on the Bile Esculin Agar formulation of Rochaix which was later modified by Isenberg et al. by reducing the bile concentration and by adding sodium azide.1,2 This modification is supplied as BD Enterococcosel Agar. The medium is a standard formulation for the isolation of enterococci.3-5 Two peptones provide nutrients. Group D streptococci (including enterococci) hydrolyze esculin to esculetin and glucose. Esculetin reacts with an iron salt to form a dark brown or black complex. Ferric citrate is included as an indicator and reacts with esculetin to produce a brown to black complex. Oxgall is used to inhibit gram-positive bacteria other than enterococci. Sodium azide is inhibitory to gram-negative micro-organisms.5-7 REAGENTS BD Enterococcosel Agar Formula* Per Liter Purified Water Pancreatic Digest of Casein 17.0 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue 3.0 Yeast Extract 5.0 Oxgall 10.0 Sodium Chloride 5.0 Esculin 1.0 Ferric Ammonium Citrate 0.5 Sodium Azide 0.25 Sodium Citrate 1.0 Agar 13.5 pH 7.1+/- 0.2 *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. PRECAUTIONS . For professional use only. Do not use plates if they show evidence of microbial contamination, discoloration, drying, cracking or other signs of deterioration. -
Streptex Rapid Contains Sufficient Material for 50 Tests, See Kit Contents
Latex Suspensions 2. In accordance with the principles of Good Laboratory Practice it is strongly PROCEDURE Five plastic dropper bottles, one specific for each of the recommended that extracts at any stage of testing should be treated as MATERIALS PROVIDED groups A, B, C, F and G, each containing sufficient for 50 potentially infectious and handled with all necessary precautions. Streptex Rapid contains sufficient material for 50 tests, see Kit Contents. tests. The polystyrene latex particles, which are coated 3. Non-disposable apparatus should be sterilised by any appropriate with purified rabbit antibody to the appropriate group procedure after use, although the preferred method is to autoclave for TEST PROCEDURE antigen, are suspended at a concentration of 0.5% in Key Code TSMX7797B 15 minutes at 121°C; disposables should be autoclaved or incinerated. CAUTION: Precautions appropriate to the handling of live cultures should phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 0.1% sodium azide. Spillage of potentially infectious materials should be removed be taken while performing the tests. immediately with absorbent paper tissue and the contaminated area www.oxoid.com/ifu The Latex Suspensions are supplied ready for A suggested outline scheme for grouping organisms from primary plates or swabbed with a standard bacterial disinfectant or 70% alcohol. Do NOT Europe + 800 135 79 135 US 1 855 236 0910 use and should be stored upright at 2 to subculture is shown in Figure 3. 8°C where they will retain activity at least until use sodium hypochlorite. Materials used to clean spills, including gloves, For each culture: CA 1 855 805 8539 ROW +31 20 794 7071 the date shown on the bottle labels. -
Streptococcosis Humans and Animals
Zoonotic Importance Members of the genus Streptococcus cause mild to severe bacterial illnesses in Streptococcosis humans and animals. These organisms typically colonize one or more species as commensals, and can cause opportunistic infections in those hosts. However, they are not completely host-specific, and some animal-associated streptococci can be found occasionally in humans. Many zoonotic cases are sporadic, but organisms such as S. Last Updated: September 2020 equi subsp. zooepidemicus or a fish-associated strain of S. agalactiae have caused outbreaks, and S. suis, which is normally carried in pigs, has emerged as a significant agent of streptoccoccal meningitis, septicemia, toxic shock-like syndrome and other human illnesses, especially in parts of Asia. Streptococci with human reservoirs, such as S. pyogenes or S. pneumoniae, can likewise be transmitted occasionally to animals. These reverse zoonoses may cause human illness if an infected animal, such as a cow with an udder colonized by S. pyogenes, transmits the organism back to people. Occasionally, their presence in an animal may interfere with control efforts directed at humans. For instance, recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in one family was cured only when the family dog, which was also colonized asymptomatically with S. pyogenes, was treated concurrently with all family members. Etiology There are several dozen recognized species in the genus Streptococcus, Gram positive cocci in the family Streptococcaceae. Almost all species of mammals and birds, as well as many poikilotherms, carry one or more species as commensals on skin or mucosa. These organisms can act as facultative pathogens, often in the carrier. Nomenclature and identification of streptococci Hemolytic reactions on blood agar and Lancefield groups are useful in distinguishing members of the genus Streptococcus. -
JOURNAL of CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY VOLUME 20 * DECEMBER 1984 * NUMBER 6 Henry D
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY VOLUME 20 * DECEMBER 1984 * NUMBER 6 Henry D. Isenberg, Editor in Chief (1989) Herman Friedman, Editor (1985) Peter B. Smith, Editor (1989) Long Island Jewish-Hillside College ofMedicine Centers for Disease Control Medical Center University of South Florida Atlanta, Ga. New Hyde Park, N. Y. Tampa, Fla. Richard C. Tilton, Editor (1989) Steven D. Douglas, Editor (1988) Michael R. McGinnis, Editor (1985) University of Connecticut School of Children's Hospital ofPhiladelphia North Carolina Memorial Hospital Medicine Philadelphia, Pa. Chapel Hill, N.C. Farmington, Conn. Nathalie J. Schmidt, Editor (1985) California Department ofHealth, Berkeley, Calif. EDITORIAL BOARD Libero Ajello (1985) J. J. Farmer (1986) Walter J. Loesche (1985) Joseph D. Schwartzman (1985) William L. Albritton (1984) Mary Jane Ferraro (1984) Victor Lorian (1984) Alexis Shelokov (1985) Stephen D. Allen (1984) Patricia Ferrieri (1986) James D. MacLowry (1986) Maurice C. Shepard (1985) Daniel Amsterdam (1986) Sydney M. Finegold (1985) Laurence R. McCarthy (1986) Patricia L. Shipley (1985) Ann M. Arvin (1984) James Folds (1984) Kenneth McClatchy (1986) David M. Shlaes (1985) Lawrence Ash (1986) Marianne Forsgren (1984) Joseph E. McDade (1985) Marcelino F. Sierra (1984) Arthur L. Barry (1984) Earl H. Freimer (1984) Jerry R. McGhee (1985) Robert M. Smibert II (1984) Barry Beaty (1984) Lynn S. Garcia (1986) Joseph L. Melnick (1985) James W. Smith (1986) John E. Bennett (1985) W. Lance George (1984) Thomas Mitchell (1984) Steven Specter (1986) Merlin S. Bergdoll (1985) Gerald L. Gilardi (1986) Josephine A. Morello (1984) Leslie Spence (1985) Jennifer M. Best (1984) Robert C. Good (1985) Stephen A. Morse (1986) Roy W. -
Streptococci
STREPTOCOCCI Streptococci are Gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, catalase-negative cocci that occur in pairs or chains. Older cultures may lose their Gram-positive character. Most streptococci are facultative anaerobes, and some are obligate (strict) anaerobes. Most require enriched media (blood agar). Streptococci are subdivided into groups by antibodies that recognize surface antigens (Fig. 11). These groups may include one or more species. Serologic grouping is based on antigenic differences in cell wall carbohydrates (groups A to V), in cell wall pili-associated protein, and in the polysaccharide capsule in group B streptococci. Rebecca Lancefield developed the serologic classification scheme in 1933. β-hemolytic strains possess group-specific cell wall antigens, most of which are carbohydrates. These antigens can be detected by immunologic assays and have been useful for the rapid identification of some important streptococcal pathogens. The most important groupable streptococci are A, B and D. Among the groupable streptococci, infectious disease (particularly pharyngitis) is caused by group A. Group A streptococci have a hyaluronic acid capsule. Streptococcus pneumoniae (a major cause of human pneumonia) and Streptococcus mutans and other so-called viridans streptococci (among the causes of dental caries) do not possess group antigen. Streptococcus pneumoniae has a polysaccharide capsule that acts as a virulence factor for the organism; more than 90 different serotypes are known, and these types differ in virulence. Fig. 1 Streptococci - clasiffication. Group A streptococci causes: Strep throat - a sore, red throat, sometimes with white spots on the tonsils Scarlet fever - an illness that follows strep throat. It causes a red rash on the body. -
Complications to Strangles in Horses Presented at Referral Hostpitals
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Clinical Sciences Complications to strangles in horses presented at referral hostpitals Anna Katarina Sjöblom Degree Project 30 credits within the Veterinary Medicine Programme ISSN 1652-8697 Examensarbete 2014:54 Uppsala 2014 Complications to strangles in horses presented at referral hospitals Komplikationer till kvarka hos hästar inkommande till remitterande hästsjukhus Anna Katarina Sjöblom Supervisor: Professor John Pringle, Department of Clinical Sciences Examiner: Miia Riihimäki, Department of Clinical Sciences Degree Project in Veterinary Medicine Credits: 30 hec Level: Second cycle, A2E Course code: EX0736 Place of publication: Uppsala Year of publication: 2014 Number of part of series: Examensarbete 2014:54 ISSN: 1652-8697 Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Key words: Stangles, equine, horses, complication Streptococcus equi subsp. equi Nyckelord: Kvarka, häst, komplikationer, Streptococcus equi subsp. equi Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Clinical Sciences SAMMANFATTNING Kvarka är en smittsam luftvägssjukdom som drabbar hästar. Kvarka orsakas av bakterien Streptococcus equi supsp. equi. Den klassiska symptombilden är feber, näsflöde (24-48 timmar efter feber) först tunt och klart sekret sedan mer tjockt samt svullna lymfknutor och svårigheter att svälja. De svullna lymfknutorna kan bilda abscesser som sedan kan spricka upp med varutträde. Det är de unga hästarna som visar kraftigast symptom och de äldre hästarna mildare. Bakterien sprids både direkt och indirekt och utsöndring av bakterier börjar 24-48 timmar efter första febertoppen. Inkubationstiden är 3-14 dagar och det är när utsöndringen av bakterien börjar som provtagning kan ske. Nässvabbsprov, nässköljsprov och provtagning av purulent exsudat och analys via odling och PCR används. -
Factors Affecting Experimental Streptococcus Agalactiae Infection in Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository FACTORS AFFECTING EXPERIMENTAL STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE INFECTION IN TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY DILOK WONGSATHEIN 27 SEPTEMBER 2012 INSTITUTE OF AQUACULTURE Declaration Declaration I declare that this thesis has been composed in its entirety by me. Except where specifically acknowledged, the work described in this thesis has been conducted by me and has not been submitted for any other degree. Signature: _________________________________________ Signature of supervisor: _________________________________________ Date: _________________________________________ II Abstract Abstract Streptococcus agalactiae infection is one of the major disease problems affecting farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) worldwide. Tilapia are highly susceptible to this disease which results in mortality of up to 70% over a period of around 7 days and significant economic losses for farmers. Affected tilapia commonly present with an irregular behaviour associated with meningoencephalitis and septicaemia. Currently, factors affecting the virulence and transmission of S. agalactiae in fish including tilapia are poorly understood. Reports from natural outbreaks of S. agalactiae infection on tilapia farms have suggested larvae and juvenile or fish smaller than 20 g are not susceptible. In addition, there is variability in individual response to experimental inflammatory challenge associated with coping styles (bold, shy) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The central hypotheses of this thesis were that weight, age and coping style might affect the development and progression of this bacterial disease. This study investigated these three factors with experimental S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia. -
Comparison of Grouping Methods for Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci" (1982)
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Masters Theses & Specialist Projects Graduate School 5-1982 Comparison of Grouping Methods for Beta- Hemolytic Streptococci Renee Smith Western Kentucky University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Renee, "Comparison of Grouping Methods for Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci" (1982). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 2865. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2865 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses & Specialist Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Smith, Renee V. 1982 COMPARISON OF GROUPING METHODS FOR BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Biology Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, Kentucky In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Renee V. Smith May, 1982 AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF THESIS Permission is hereby 0-granted to the Western Kentucky University Library to make, or allow to be made photocopies, microfilm or other copies of this thesis for appropriate reseai-ch or scholarly purposes. reserved to the author for the making of any copies of this 11tFesis except for brief sections for research or scholarly purposes. Signed ().101.thi- Date jk._& Ki 7Q, Please place an "X" in the appropriate box. This form will be filed with the original of the thesis and will control future use of the thesis. COMPARISON OF GROUPING METHODS FOR BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI Recommended \-1/,2,5 z ate) k.V • Y`.4.4_ tor of Thesis Dean of the Gra'liege ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr.