I k 0 3 r*) v
Comhairle Chontae Lughai Louth County Council
ARDEE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE
ENVIRONMENTAL IM
For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
DRAFT
September 2008
Mr. Eamonn Walsh, Jennings O'Donoi an & Partners, DiKector of Services, Consulting Engineers, Water & Environment, Finisklin Business Park, Sligo. Louth County Council, Tel.: 071 - 9161416 County Hall, Fax: 071 - 9161080 Millennium Centre, e mail: [email protected] Dundalk, Co. Louth.
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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ...... 1-A 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 SCOPE ...... 1 1.2 APPLICABLE LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS ...... 1 1.3 FORMATOF EIS AND METHODOLOGY...... 2 1.4 PREPARATION AND CONSULTATION ...... 3 1.5 AVAILABILITY ...... 4 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ...... 5 2.1 THE DEVELOPER ...... 5 2.2 NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 5 2.3 PLANNING CONTEXT ...... 6 2.4 DESCRIPTION OF SITE ...... 7 2.4.1 Location ...... 7 2.4.2 Designated Areas of Conse 2.5 DESIGN DESCRIPTION ...... 2.5. I Introduction ...... 2.5.2 Design Loadings ...... 2.5.3 Treatment Process Design 2.6 LAYOUT OF DEVELOPMENT ...... 2.6. I Existing Administration / 2.6.2 Proposed Network Care 2.6.3 Preliminary Treatment . 2.6.4 Secondary Treatment.... 2.7 TERTIARYTREATMENT ...... 2.8 PROCESSOUTLINE ...... 15
3.0 ALTERNATIVES EXAMINED For inspection purposes...... only. 16 Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 16 3 . 1. I Preliminary Treatment Options ...... 16 3.1.2 Secondar-yTreatment Options ...... 16 3.1.3 Tertiary Treatment Options ...... 17 3.1.4 Conclusions...... 18 4.0 HUMAN BEINGS ...... 19 4.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 19 4.2 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 19 4.2. I Population...... 19 4.2.2 . Emplo-yment ...... 19 4.2.3 Settlement Patterns...... 21 4.2.4 Health and Safety ...... 21 4.2.5 Tourism...... 21 4.3 POTENTIALIMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ...... 22 4.3. I Population...... 22 4.3.2 Employment ...... 22 4.3.3 .Settlement Patterns ...... 22 4.3.4 Health and Safety ...... 22
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4.3.5 Tourism...... 23 4.4 MITIGATIONMEASURES ...... 23 4.5 CONCLUSION...... 24 5.0 FLORA. FAUNA AND FISHERIES...... 25 5.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 25 5.1.1 Background ...... 25 5.1.2 Relevant Legislation ...... 25 5 . I .3 Schedule of Works ...... 26 5.2 METHODOLOGY ...... 26 5.2.1 Desk Study ...... 26 5.2.2 Site Investigations ...... 26 5.2.3 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 28 5.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ...... 29 5.3. I Designated Areas.for Nature Conservation ...... 29 5.3.2 Protected Species of Flora and Fauna ...... 30 5.3.3 Habitats ...... 30 5.3.4 Fauna ...... 32 5.3.5 Aquatic Environment and Fisheries ...... 33 5.3.6 Water Quality...... 34 5.3.7 Site Evaluation ...... 38 5.4 DO NOTHING IMPACT ...... 38 5.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 38 5.5.1 Designated Areas ...... 38 5.5.2 Habitats ...... 39 5.5.3 Fauna ...... 39 5.5.4 Aquatic Environment and Fisheries...... 40 5.6 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 40 5.6. I Mitigation by Avoidance For inspection ...... purposes only. 40 Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 5.6.2 Mitigation by Reduction ...... 42 5.6.3 Mitigation by Remediation ...... 42 5.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 43 5.8 CONCLUSION ...... 43 5.9 MATRIX OF IMPACTS / MITIGATION / RESIDUAL IMPACTS ...... 44 5.10 REFERENCES ...... 45 6.0 SOILS AND GEOLOGY ...... 46 6.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 46 6. 1. 1 Background ...... 46 6.1.2 Relevant Legislation ...... 46 6.1.3 Schedule of Works ...... 46 6.2 METHODOLOGY ...... 47 6.2.1 Desk Study ...... 47 6.2.2 Field Investigations ...... 47 6.2.3 Previous Field Investigations ...... 47 6.2.4 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 47 6.2.5 Characteristics of the Development ...... 50 6.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ...... 50 6.3. I Field Work Undertaken ...... 50
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6.3.2 Agricultural Soils ...... 51 6.3.3 Sub-soil Parent Material ...... 51 6.3.4 Bedrock Geology...... 51 6.3.5 Karstification ...... 51 6.4 DO NOTHING IMPACT ...... 51 6.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 52 6.5.I Construction Phase ...... 52 6.5.2 Operational Phase ...... 52 6.6 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 52 6.6. I Construction Phase Mitigation ...... 52 6.6.2 Operational Phase Mitigation ...... 54 6.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 54 6.8 MONITORING ...... 54 6.9 CONCLUSION ...... 54 iQ 6.10 REFERENCES ...... 55 7.0 WATER ...... 56 7.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 56 7.1.1 Background ...... 56 7.1.2 Relevant Legislation ...... 56 7.1.3 Schedule of Works ...... 56 7.2 METHODOLOGY ...... 56 7.2.I Desk Study ...... 56 7.2.2 Site Investigations ...... 57 7.2.3 Iinpact Assessinelit Methodology ...... 57 7.2.4 Characteristics of the Development ...... 58 7.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ...... 58 7.3.1 Bedrock Geology...... 58 7.3.2 Subsoil Parent Material For inspection ...... purposes only. 59 Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 7.3.3 Agricultural Soils ...... 59 7.3.4 Groundwater Occurrances. Aquifer Properties and Known Abstractions...... 59 7.3.5 Groundwater Vulnerability...... 60 7.3.6 Climate ...... 61 7.3.7 Surface Water Hydrology ...... 61 7.3.8 Surface Water Quality ...... 62 7.3.9 Recharge and Run08 Groundwater and sutfiace water interaction ... 64 7.4 DO NOTHING IMPACT ...... 65 7.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 65 7.5.I Construction Phase ...... 66 7.5.2 Operational Phase ...... 66 7.6 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 69 7.6.I Construction Phase Mitigation ...... 69 7.6.2 Operational Phase Mitigation ...... 70 7.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 71 7.8 MONITORING ...... 71 7.9 CONCLUSION ...... 72 7.10 REFERENCES ...... 73 i
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8.0 AIR QUALITY ...... 74 8.1 INTRODUCTION...... 74 8. I . I Study methodology-Assessment Criteria ...... 74 8.2 RECEIVINGENVIRONMENT ...... 78 8.2. I General ...... 78 8.2.2 Baseline air quality ...... 78 8.3 CHARACTERISTICSOF THE PROPOSAL ...... 95 8.4 POTENTIALIMPACTS OF THE PROPOSAL...... 96 8.4.1 Construction Phase ...... 96 8.4.2 Operation Phase ...... 96
8.4.3 "Do-nothing " Scenario ...... 98 8.5 REMEDIALOR REDUCTIVEMEASURES ...... 98 8.5. I Construction Phase ...... 98 8.6 OPERATIONPHASE ...... 99 8.6. I Dust and classical air pollutants ...... 99 8.6.2 Odour...... 100 8.6.3 Climate ...... 101 8.7 PREDICTED RESIDUALIMPACTS OF THE DEVEL.OPMENT ...... 102 8.7. I Construction Phase ...... 102 8.7.2 Operation Phase ...... 102 8.7.3 Trafsic ...... 104 8.7.4 Climate ...... 108
8.7.5 '' Worst Case " Scenario ...... 108 8.7.6 Monitoring ...... 108 8.8 MONITORINGAND PREDICTIVE TRAFFIC EMISSION MODELLING LOCATION .. 110 8.9 REFERENCES...... 111 9.0 NOISE ...... 112 For inspection purposes only. 9.1 INTRODUCTIONConsent ...... of copyright owner required for any other use. 112 9. 1.1 Background ...... 112 9 . I .2 Acoustic Terminology...... 112 9. I .3 Relevant Legislation ...... 9.2 METHODOLOGY ...... 113 9.2. I Site Investigations ...... 113 9.2.2 Instrumentation Used...... 114 9.2.3 Measureineizt Procedure ...... 114 9.2.4 Impact Methodology...... 114 9.2.5 Characteristics of the Development ...... 115 9.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ...... 116 9.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 117 9.4. I Construction Phase ...... 117 9.4.2 Operational Phase ...... 118 9.5 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 119 9.5. I Construction Phase Mitigation ...... 119 9.5.2 Operational Phase Mitigation ...... 120 9.6 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 120 9.7 MONITORING ...... 120 9.8 CONCLUSION ...... 120
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10.0 LANDSCAPE...... 121 10.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 121 IO. 1. 1 Background ...... 12 1 10.1.2 Relevant Legislation ...... 121 10.2 METHODOLOGY ...... 123 10.2.1 Desk Study ...... 123 10.2.2 Site Investigations ...... 123 10.2.3 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 124 10.2.4 Characteristics of the Development ...... 125 10.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ...... 125 10.4 DO NOTHING IMPACT ...... 126 10.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 126 10.5.1 Construction Phase ...... 126 10.5.2 Operational Phase ...... 12 7 10.6 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 127 10.6. I Coiastruction Phase Mitigation ...... 127 10.6.2 Operational Phase Mitigation ...... 128 10.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 128 10.8 CONCLUSION...... 128 11.0 MATERIAL ASSETS ...... 129 11.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 129 11.2 INFRASTRUCTURE...... 129 11.3 ROADS / TRAFFIC...... 130 12.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE...... 137 12.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 137 12. 1. 1 Background ...... 137 12.1.2 Relevant Legislation For inspection ...... purposes only. 137 Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 12.2 METHODOLOGY ...... 142 12.2.1 Desk Study ...... 142 12.2.2 Site Investigations ...... 143 12.2.3 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 143 12.2.4 Characteristics of the Development ...... 143 12.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ...... 144 12.3.1 Environmental Context ...... 144 12.3.2 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 144 12.3.3 Cartographic Review of proposed WWTP site ...... 150 12.3.4 Excavations database ...... 152 12.3.5 Site Survey ...... 153 12.4 DO-NOTHING IMPACT ...... 154 12.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 155 12.5.1 Construction Phase ...... 155 12.5.2 Operational Phase ...... 155 12.6 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 155 12.6. I Construction Phase Mitigation ...... 156 12.6.2 Operational Phase Mitigation ...... 156 12.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 157 \
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12.8 MONITORING ...... 157 12.9 CONCLUSION ...... 157 13.0 INTERACTIONS OF THE FOREGOING ...... 160
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A. Scoping Process Appendix B Preliminary Design Report, 2007 Appendix C Flora, Fauna & Fisheries Appendix D Soils & Geology Appendix E Odour Appendix F Noise Appendix G Material Assets Appendix H Cultural Heritage
LIST OF DRAWINGS
Drawing No 4383/EIS/01 - Site Location. Drawing No 4383/EIS/02 - Existing Wastewater Treatment Works Layout Plan. Drawing No 4383/EIS/03 - Designated Areas of Conservation. Drawing No. 4383/EIS/04 - Proposed Wastewater Treatment Works Layout Plan
Drawing No. 4383/EIS/05 - Details For inspection of Existing purposes only. Civil Structures (1/4) Pump Chamber and Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Pump House/Control Building. Drawing No. 4383/EIS/06 - Details of Existing Civil Structures (2/4) Inlet Works. Drawing No. 4383/EIS/07 - Details of Existing Civil Structures (3/4) Aeration Tanks. Drawing No. 4383/EIS/08 - Details of Existing Civil Structures (4/4) Clarifiers and Pump Sump. Drawing No. 4383/EIS/09 Proposed Network Caretakers Administration Building.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1 Persons on Ardee Live Register 1989 - 2006 (CSO 2006) Figure 5.1 Habitat Map Figure 5.2 Protected Species Figure 5.3 Water Sampling Points Figure 6.1 Ground Investigation (Trial Pit) Locations Figure 6.2 Regional Soils Map (Teagasc Data)
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Figure 6.2 Regional Soils Map (Teagasc Data) Figure 6.3 Regional sub-soil Parent Material Map (Teagasc Data) Figure 6.4 Regional Bedrock Geology Map (GSI 1:100,000 Geology Sheet 12) Figure 8.1 Overview of monitoring locations A1 to A17 in the vicinity of the existing Ardee WWTP. Figure 9.1 Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 10.1 Ardee Land Use Zoning Map Figure 11.1 Site Location Figure 11.2 Existing Site Access Road Figure 12.1 Location of known archaeological sites in the vicinity of the WWTP Figure 12.2 WWTP Site Location Figure 12.3 First edition of the Ordnance Survey map (1829-1841) Figure 12.4 Second edition of the Ordnance Survey map (1829-1841)
LIST OF TABLES
Table NTS 1 Summary of Environmental Impacts Table 2.1 Summaries of Population Equivalent Table 2.2 Designated areas within a 5km radius of the Ardee WWTP site Table 2.3 Preliminary wastewater treatment process Phase 2 loadings Table 2.4 Secondary wastewater treatment process loadings for Phase 1 and Phase 2. Table 3.1 Summary of weighting system Table 3.2 Description of Process Options
Table 3.3 Summary of Environmental For inspection purposes and Operational only. Evaluations Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Table 5.1 The biological river quality classification system (Q value) (after McGarrigle et al. 2002). Table 5.2 Physico-chemical test parameters measured for water quality monitoring of the River Dee at Ardee WWTP Table 5.3 Designated areas within a 5km radius of the Ardee WWTP site Table 5.4 Records of Rare and Protected Species of Flora and Fauna Within 5km of Ardee WWTP (from NPWS records www.npws.ie) Table 5.5 EPA data on Water quality of the River Dee (2003). Table 5.6 Results of water quality assessment based on Q value (biological sampling of freshwater macroinvertebrates) for the River Dee at Ardee (March, 2008). Table 5.7 Results of physico-chemical water sampling from two sampling station (WS1 and WS2) on the River Dee at Ardee (March, 2008). Table 6.1 Estimation of Importance of Soil and Geology Attributes Table 6.2 Estimation of Magnitude of Impact on an Attribute Table 6.3 Rating of Potential Environmental Impact
! Table 8.1 Irish and EU Ambient Air Standard (SI 271 of 2002 and 1999/30/EC).
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Table 8.2 Irish and EU Ambient Air Standard (SI 271 of 2002 and 2000/69/EC). Table 8.3 Description of air monitoring locations. Table 8.4 Average Benzene and Toluene concentrations from EPA continuous monitoring in Year 2006 for Ennis and Bray and year period 2004 to 2005 for Carlow town. Table 8.5 Average NO2 concentrations from EPA continuous monitoring in Year 2006 for Ennis and Bray and year period 2004 to 2005 for Carlow town. Table 8.6 Average SO2concentrations from EPA continuous monitoring in Year 2006 for Ennis and Bray and year period 2004 to 2005 for Carlow town. Table 8.7 Average ambient baseline CO concentrations for Wexford and Bray monitoring stations. Table 8.8 Average ambient PMloconcentrations for Galway and Dundalk. Table 8.9 Hydrogen sulphide levels at each monitoring location. Table 8.10 Speciated VOC profile and concentrations in the vicinity of the existing site at monitoring location A15. Table 8.11 Speciated VOC profile and concentrations in the vicinity of the existing site at monitoring location A16. Table 8.12 Speciated VOC profile and concentrations in the vicinity of the existing site at monitoring location A17. Table 8.13 Weather data from Ardee WWTP, Co. Louth on 05Ih June 2008. Table 8.14 Odour sniff survey analysis monitoring results. Table 8.15. Screening Air Quality Assessment, Ardee WWTP operation phase for WWTP traffic. For inspection purposes only. Table 9.1 Noise MonitoringConsent of Locations copyright owner required for any other use.
Table 9.2 Results of noise survey taken during monitoring period Table 9.3 Noise Levels from Site Preparation Noise Sources Table 9.4 Main noise sources and associated noise levels Table 10.2 National Road Traffic Flows & Growth Factors Table 10.3 Traffic Impact Table 12.1 Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) in the vicinity of the WWTP
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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Louth County Council engaged Jennings O’Donovan & Partners as Consulting Engineers to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for upgrading Ardee Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The development will involve an upgrade of the existing plant, froni it’s current capacity of approximately 5,000 population equivalent (p.e.), to a 12,500 population equivalent plant.
The provision of an upgraded WWTP and additional capacity enables Louth County Council to fulfil their settlement policy for Ardee (P4.4 of the County Development Plan 2003 - 2009), which states:
“It is the policy of the Coiiricil to promote the development of Ardee as a rnediiinz sized town for urban strengthening to serve the needs of the local community and drive development within the locality”.
THE DEVELOPMENT
The wastewater treatment plant upgrade has been designed in a modular fashion to cater for staged expansion in phases; Phase I up to 10,000 population equivalent and For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Phase 2 up to 12,500 population equivalent. This phased expansion allows for future growth of Ardee.
Design Loading
The design population equivalent (p.e.) is the value used to estimate the likely volume
and quality of wastewater generated given that I p.e. has an organic loading of 60 g/p/d (grams/person/day) BOD and a typical hydraulic load of 180 I/p/d (litres/person/day).
The Preliminary Waterwater Treatment Process at Ardee WWTP will be designed to treat the following Phase 2 loadings:
Design Population Equivalent (p.e.) = 12,500 p.e.
Population Equivalent Loading - I80 Vday and 60 g BOD/day
Peak Flow to Inlet Works (7.7DWF) = 201 I/s
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Peak Flow for Full Treatment (3DWF) = 6,750 m3/d = 78.1 lis
BOD Load - 750 kgid
The Secondary Wastewater Treatment Process at Ardee WWTP will be designed to
treat the following Phase 1 loadings:
Design Population Equivalent (p.e.) = 10,000 p.e.
Population Equivalent Loading - 180 Vday and 60 g BOD/day
Dry Weather Flow - 1,800 m3/day
Peak Flow for Full Treatment (3DWF) = 5,400 m3/day = 62.5 I/s
BOD Load - 600 kg/day
Treatment Process
Due to the sensitivity of the receiving waters and European and Irish Legislation, the wastewater will be treated to a very high standard, involving four independent treatment stages, namely:
Preliminary Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Tertiary Treatment
For inspection purposes only. Sludge TreatmentConsent of copyright owner required for any other use.
The final effluent treatment standards recommended are as follows:
BOD 10 mg/l
Suspended Solids : 10 mg/l
Phosphorus I .O mg/l
SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT
The potential impacts of the development were examined by assessing the
environment in terms of the , existing conditions, the impact of the proposed development and the measures taken to mitigate these impacts. A summary of impacts and the proposed mitigations measures, where appropriate, is presented in
Table NTS 1.
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The most significant potential impacts on the environment from the project were identified in the scoping stage as Human Beings, Ecology and Water Quality. Various aspects of each environmental parameter have been examined. Some aspects of the environment are judged to be significantly positively affected by this development, while other potential impacts on the environment. are judged to be unaffected or affected to a minor degree. The interaction between all the various impacts has also been assessed.
The proposed upgrade of Ardee Wastewater Treatment Plant is likely to have a long- term positive impact on the water quality of the River Dee and on Ardee socio- economically.
Human Beings
The proposed development will lead to employment during the construction stage.
Positive impacts are expected as regards inputs to the local economy.
The basic technologies to be employed in the project are well understood and have been used successfully in many equivalent projects elsewhere, both nationally and internationally. There are no implications for health and safety providing mitigation measures are adhered to.
For inspection purposes only. The proposed developmentConsent of should, copyright ownerindirectly, required forhave any othera positive use. impact on tourism.
Overall, this development can be said to have a positive impact on the socio- economic environment in Ardee.
Flora, Fauna & Fisheries
The main habitats present within the proposed development site are neutral grassland and buildings and artificial surfaces with scrub, dry meadows and grassy verges and reed and large sedge swamp present between the existing facility and the River Dee. The River Dee runs along the southern and eastern boundaries of the existing WWTP.
WGr quality was measured using a system known as the Biotic Index or Quality (Q) Value. This system evaluates the invertebrate species found in each sample, as
invertebrate species are good indicators of water quality. Results of water quality monitoring found the River Dee to have a Q-value of 3-4 at sampling station WSl I
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(upstream) and 3 at sampling station WS2 (downstream). These results classify the river as being slightly to moderately polluted and are consistent with previous EPA results.
The proposed upgrade of the Ardee WWTP will not impact on any designated areas for nature conservation or on any rare or protected plant species.
There will be temporary disturbance to otter using the River Dee as a result of construction activities, although any impact will be temporary in nature. The risk of impacting on lamprey ammocoetes along the river banks is considered to be low and therefore, no mitigation measures are required for this species.
The proposed upgrade works will have a minor to moderate impact on the habitats present during site clearance. The re-instatement of the bankside vegetation following the pipe installation works will help to offset this impact.
The proposed upgrade works will have a temporary minor negative impact on the River Dee as a result of the installation of the stormwater pipe to the river. There is a risk of impacts resulting from construction activities on site (such as siltation and
accidental discharge of hazardous materials and chemicals to the river) however, these risks can be minimised by appropriate mitigation strategies.
Detailed mitigation measures For inspectionare presented purposes only.for the protection of the River Dee. All Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. works in the vicinity of the river will be carried out in consultation with the ERFB and according to their guidance document “Requirements for the Protection of Fisheries Habitat during Construction and Development Works at River Sites”.
Provided that mitigation measures designed to prevent water pollution and siltation are implemented during the construction phase and the proposed effluent quality standards are adhered to at the operational phase the proposed scheme will have no negative impact on the River Dee or its fisheries value.
Soils & Geology
The construction phase of this development will require excavation of soils and glacial tills which will result in some minor temporary risk of soil erosion. These risks can be minimised by implementing good construction practices and restoring the site after construction. i
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The majority of work to the wastewater treatment plant will take place on the existing site, while certain elements in stage 2 will be located on land currently used as maintained grass. These elements of the proposed development will result in the
permanent loss and sealing of this small area of grass.
Water
It is proposed to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Ardee to a 12,500 person equivalent (p.e.) capacity. Treated wastewater will be discharged to the River Dee, which forms the southern most extent of the Neagh Bann I International River Basin District
The WWTP will treat the wastewater to a high standard so that the discharge shall be IOmg/l BOD, IOmg/l suspended solids and Img/l total phosphate. When at full capacity the plant will be capable of discharging 225m3 of treated wastewater per day. In order to assure the quality of the treated wastewater the plant shall be maintained in good working order and there shall be regular monitoring of the treated discharge.
The construction phases of the development will require some stripping of topsoil, excavation of subsoil, decommissioning of existing plant infrastructure and
installation of new infrastructure. During these construction works mitigation measures shall be employed by avoidance, reduction and remediation to minimise
For inspection purposes only. risk to impacts on theConsent groundwater of copyright ownerand surface required for water any other quality use. and quantity.
Although the River Dee is not recognised as a salmonid river it is a popular fishing river. For this reason the Salmonid regulations rather than standard regulations have been applied to the River Dee in this EIA. The combined high quality of wastewater treatment from the proposed WWTP together with high dilution rates in the River Dee confirm that the discharge can be assimilated without negative impact on river quality. Provided that avoidance, reduction and remediation mitigation measures are implemented for the operational phase of the proposed development there will be no long term negative impacts on the quality or quantity of surface water and groundwater.
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Air & Cliinate
A baseline desktop and monitoring ambient air quality survey was carried out in the vicinity of the existing Ardee WWTP. Currently, the air quality is average to good with levels of criteria and baseline odour pollutants for traffic, industrial and residential derived pollution (Benzene, Toluene, NO*,CO, PMlo, H2S, Sniff odour and Speciated VOC’s) below the relevant Irish and European Union limits. The main source of air pollution in the area is from motor vehicle exhausts, construction and industrial activities, and associated suburban emissions. There will be no scheduled emissions of dust from the WWTP while residual odour emission from odour control units and wastewater treatment processes located within the WWTP will be well within regulatory guideline values. It is anticipated that no associated air quality impacts will occur as a result of the proposed upgrade development.
Noise
The maximum noise from the proposed development will be during the construction phase however this impact will be one of only marginal significance and will be short duration. The operation of the wastewater treatment plant will have a negligible impact for both options (ie aeration tanks being surface aeration or diffused air) assessed and inaudible at all residences.
For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Landscape
The visual and landscape impacts of the proposed WWTP upgrade were assessed.
The surrounding landscape of the WWTP site is low lying and naturally screened by existing mature hedgerows. It can be concluded that the residual impact on
completion of mitigation measures will be at worst Slight in the order of magnitude of overall significance.
Material Assets
The proposed development is not expected to impact negatively on any infrastructure, while a positive impact will be evident for the sewerage system.
The proposed development may have a slight impact on local traffic volumes during the construction phase while no impact on traffic is envisaged during the operational phase. !
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Cultural Heritage
A rigorous desktop survey of cultural heritage sites within the study area Ardee was carried out in order to assess its cultural heritage constraints. An archaeological & built heritage field inspection of the WWTP site was also undertaken.
The southern and northeasterly portions of the WWTP site have been deemed to be of moderate archaeological potential with all remaining areas deemed to be of low archaeological potential. This is based on rigorous desk-based research and field survey analysis. The location of adjacent well-documented archaeological heritage features as well as the proximity to a significant bend in the River Dee, suggests that there is potential to reveal sub-surface archaeological remains and/or stray finds within the WWTP site.
No structures of built heritage or local heritage value are located on or adjacent to the WWTP site and as such there are no impacts on this heritage resource.
Given the potential to reveal hitherto unknown sub-surface archaeological remains at the WWTP site it is recommended that a programme of archaeological monitoring be undertaken by a suitably qualified archaeologist during all top-soil stripping and ground excavation operations across the site. It is advised that this programme take place well in advance of main construction works in order to allocate adequate time to evaluate and record any archaeological For inspection purposes features only. that may be uncovered. - Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
CONCLUSION
The equipment to be used in the development will be of advanced technological design. The most significant environmental impacts from the development have been examined and the best available control technologies and standards will be applied in an integrated approach to minimise any potential impacts.
With the application of various mitigation measures, there are no impacts that are considered unacceptable within the context of the planning policy framework for assessing wastewater treatment plants. The provision of an advanced wastewater treatment system with adequate capacity to meet Ardee’s growth potential will enable the town to expand it’s population, both industrially and domestically.
It is therefore concluded that the upgrade of the wastewater treatment plant will have a long term positive impact on Ardee socio-economically.
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Table NTS 1 Summary of Environmental Impacts
Category Receiving Nature of Impact Assessment Mitigation Measures Environment of Impact Human Population 1 Improve standard of living Positive Adhere to effluent standards Beings Employment I Increase employment Positive N/A Health & H & S issues for both None Comply with Health & construction workers and the Safety Code legislation for public the Construction & Operational Phase Ecology River Dee No impact on water quality None Adhere to recommended treated effluent standards and best practice construction methods Habitats No significant loss of habitat None N/A Species No long term impact None NIA Soils & Soils Both construction & Negligible Adhere to best practice Geology operational impacts construction methods Water Groundwater No impact on water quality None Adhere to effluent standards and best practice construction methods Surface Water No impact on water quality None Adhere to recommended treated effluent standards and best practice construction methods Air quality Potential odour None Best practice design & classified as operation of WWTP
None Best practice construction environment methods & operation of WWP Minor Enhance natural screening low scenic For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Positive N/A Assets Insignificant Provision of passing bays on the access road to the WWTP. Cultural Environment Moderate archaeological Insignificant Archaeological monitoring Heritage rich in cultural potential during construction heritage
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE
Jennings O’Donovan & Partners were commissioned by Louth County Council to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to accompany an application to An Bord Pleanhla for full planning permission to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment plant in Ardee. The development will involve the upgrade of the existing plant, which currently has a capacity of approximately 5,000 population equivalent (p.e.), to a 10,000 population equivalent under stage I and to 12,500 population equivalent plant under Stage 11.
1.2 APPLICABLE LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS
The EIS has been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the European Communities (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations. These give effect to Council Directive 85/337/EEC and Council Directive 9711 I/EEC amending Directive 85/337/EEC on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment.
The Council Directive 9 1/271EEC and Council Directive 98/l SEEC amending Directive 9 1/27 IEEC concerning urban wastewater treatment, aim to protect the For inspection purposes only. environment from theConsent adverse of copyright effects owner of requiredurban forwastewater any other use. discharges.
The Irish EIA system implements the EIA Directive through the integration of its requirements into the land-use planning consent system, and several other development consent systems. The Planning and Development Regulations, 2001
(S.I. No 600 of 2001), Schedule 5, stipulates those projects that must be subject to an EIA. Schedule 5, Part 2, No 11 (c) states:
“Waste water treatment plants with a capacitjl greater than 10,000 population equivalent as defined in Article 2, point (6),of Directive 91/ 27l/EEC not included in Part I of this Schedule”.
The Strategic Infrastructure Bill 2006 was introduced to amend the Planning and Development Act 2000 to provide for the introduction of a streamlined planning consent procedure for strategic infrastructure developments, which will be determined by a new Strategic Infrastructure Division within An Bord Pleanfila.
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Strategic infrastructure development can generally be described as development which is of strategic economic or social importance to the State or a region.
The EIS has been prepared in accordance with the provisions (Article 94 and Schedule 6) of the Planning and Development Regulations, 2001.
The principal legislation governing wastewater treatment is as follows:
The Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations, 2001 (S.I. No. 254 of 2001), 14 June 2001 and amended on 15 July 2004, give further effect to the provisions of EU Council Directive 91/27l/EEC of 21 May 1991, as iQ amended concerning Urban Waste Water Treatment.
Water Quality Phosphorus Regulations, 1998 (S.I. No. 258 of 1998).
Directive 2000/600/EC or 23 October 2000 - The Water Framework Directive.
1.3 FORMAT OF EIS AND METHODOLOGY
The EIS is presented in the grouped-format structure with each category (Human Beings, Flora, Fauna & Fisheries, etc.,) being considered under separate headings: Receiving Environment; Potential Impacts of the Development; Mitigation Measures For inspection purposes only. (where appropriate); Consentand Conclusions of copyright owner (where required appropriate).for any other use.
It reflects the Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements) and the Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements, issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The procurement option for the upgrading of Ardee wastewater treatment plant is Design Build Operate (DBO) therefore the exact design of the WWTP upgrade cannot be specified at this stage. For the purposes of the EIS we have based the design on that recommended in the Design Review Report, July 2007, by Jennings O'Donovan & Partners. The recommendations included:
Development to be in two phases; Phase 1 to 10,000 p.e., Phase 2 to 12,500 pee.
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Treatment process to provide a high quality treated effluent meeting the following standards of:
BOD IO mg/l
Suspended Solids : 10 mg/l
Total Phosphorus : 1 mg/l, measured as P
1.4 PREPARATION AND CONSULTATION
The EIS was prepared by Jennings 0' Donovan & Partners, Finisklin Business Park, Sligo.
The following persons/companies contributed to the preparation of the EIS:
Flora, Fauna & Fisheries: Natura Environmental Consultants, Broomhall Business Park. Wicklow
Soils & Geology: John Barnett & Associates Ltd., Windy Arbour, Dublin 14
Hydrology & Hydrogeology, Eugene Daly Associates, Windy Arbour,
Dublin 14
Air: Odour Monitoring Ireland, Trim, COMeath
Noise: Noise & Vibration Consultants Ltd., Navan, COMeath For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Cultural Heritage: John Cronin & Associates, Buncrana, CODonegal
No difficulties, such as technical deficiencies, lack of information or knowledge, were encountered in compiling any specific information of the EIS.
A consultation letter, containing an outline project description, was sent to relevant statutory consultees during the scoping process. A full list of the bodies consulted, the consultation letter sent and the corresponding responses can be found in Appendix A. Of the thirteen bodies consulted, only one organisation did not respond and four organisations had no comments to make.
The purpose of this scoping process was to provide a focus for the Environmental
Assessment of the project by identifying the key issues of relevance and to agree the scope and approach. As such, the scoping process aims to inform the various
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A Public Consultation Day was held in Ardee, in the public library, on 5'h June 2008 to provide information and answer questions related to the project.
The event was advertised in advance by placing notices in local newspapers. Residents living close to the proposed development were advised directly of the Public Consultation Day and they and visitors to the Public Consultation .Day were provided with a copy of an Information Leaflet. IQ 1.5 AVAILABILITY Copies of this document may be viewed by contacting the following during office hours:
Jennings O'Donovan & Partners, Consulting Engineers, Finisklin Business Park, Sligo. Telephone: (071) 9161416
Alternatively, this document may be viewed and/or purchased at the Planning Department of Louth County Council, County Hall, Millennium Centre, Dundalk.
For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
2.1 THE DEVELOPER
Louth County Council proposes to upgrade the existing Wastewater Treatment Plant at Ardee. It is the objective of Louth County Council to pursue long-term economic, social and environmental prosperity of Louth by ensuring that the Council leads by example by complying with EU, national and regional policy for the benefits of the residents of County Louth and its visitors, and to ensure the highest environmental standards so that a high quality, sustainable environment can be bequeathed for the benefit of future generations.
Louth County Council commissioned a Preliminary Design Report for the proposed upgrade of the Wastewater Treatment Plant. Jennings O'Donovan & Partners prepared this report which was completed in 2007.
2.2 NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
Ardee is the third largest town in County Louth with a population of 4,301 (CSO 2006). The accessibility of Ardee to Dublin with improved road infrastructure and its proximity to Dundalk and Drogheda has had a significant influence on the development of the town in recent times. The census figures show a population For inspection purposes only. increase of 20% betweenConsent of2002 copyright and owner 2006. required Thefor any Preliminary other use. Design Report, 2007,
estimated (before the 2006 census was published) the domestic population equivalent (p.e.) and the non-domestic p.e. for 2006 as having a total p.e. of 5,800 (Table 2.1). Based on a high growth rate scenario the projected population equivalent to be serviced by Adree WWTP by the year 2026 is 12,500. The current treatment works is only sized for 5,000 p.e., therefore the existing wastewater treatment plant at Ardee is not adequate to meet the current and projected future loading rates arising within the town.
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(high growth rate scenario) Domestic Population 4,415 10,607 Non-Domestic Population 1,385 1,893 Total Population 5,800 12,500 Equivalents
In addition to increased population equivalent, many of the current components of the treatment works do not operate efficiently and require upgrading or replacement.
2.3 PLANNING CONTEXT
The Planning and Development Act, 2000, sets out those matters that must be included in the scope of a County Development Plan, included in these is:
“provision of infrastructure including transport, energy, communications, water, wastewater, etc. ’’
The current County Development Plan (CDP) for County Louth is valid from 2003 -
2009. The CDP outlines it’s For strategic inspection purposesobjectives only. as: Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
“The vision for County Lout11 into the future, as enslzrined in this development plan, is of a prosperous and thriving county where no individual or social group will be excluded from the benefits of developinent and where sirclz development is soundly
based on the principles of sustainability, protection of the county’s resources, heritage and the natural and built envirownents”.
Section 8.3 of the Ardee Local Area Plan (2003 - 2009) states:
“It is the policy of the council to seek to upgrade the capacity of the existing wastewater treatment plant”.
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2.4 DESCRIPTION OF SITE
2 41 LocaJWn
The existing wastewater treatment works for Ardee is located adjacent to the River Dee approximately lkm east of the town centre. Please refer to Drawing No 4383/EIS/01 - Site Location. The area of the existing treatment works site is approximately 1.397ha. There is sufficient area within the existing site footprint for extending the works and as such it will not be necessary to acquire adjacent lands to
facilitate expansion of the treatment plant. Please refer to Drawing No 4383/EIS/02 - Existing Wastewater Treatment Works Layout Plan.
The site is bounded by a public walkway and the Ardee N33 link road to the North, by the River Dee to the South and East and by grassland to the west.
2 42 Des&natedArem of Coizservatcbn
The wastewater treatment plant site is not located within or adjacent to any
designated areas of conservation. There are tive designated areas within a 5 km radius of the site, these sites are listed in Table 2.2. Please refer to Drawing No 4383/EIS/03
- Designated Areas of Conservation.
For inspection purposes only. 1.2km Louth Hall And ArdeeConsent of copyrightpNHA owner required for001616 any other use. I woods 1 1 1 north-west 2.5km 1 ArdeeCutawayBog I PNHA I 001454 1 west 2.5km PNHA 00 I 806 Kildemock Marsh south 3.3km 000456 Stabannan-Braganstown PNHA north-east 3.3km Stabannan-Braganstown SPA 004091 SPA 1 1 1 north-east I I I I I I I Table 2.2. Designated areas within a 5km radius of the Ardee WWTP site
The River Dee enters the sea at Annagassen after it's contluence with the River Glyde. The point of discharge is within Dundalk Bay candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC, site code 000455), which lies approximately 12 km to the northeast of Ardee. Dundalk Bay is also designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA) for birds, as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA) and is a Ramsar site.
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The site contains five habitats listed under Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive;
perennial vegetation of stony banks, tidal mudflats, salt marshes, Saliconzia mudflats and estuaries. The site is also of international importance for waterfowl as it regularly holds over 20,000 birds including the Annex I species the golden plover and bar- tailed godwit.
2.5 DESIGN DESCRIPTION
The Public Private Partnership Assessment Report (PPP Report) recommended a Design, Build and Operate (DBO) procurement method for the proposed WWTP. It is envisaged that this process of procurement will encourage innovation in design and construction methods. Therefore, the type of treatment process will only be determined following the selection of the successful tender. The processes outlined in the Preliminary Design Report, and in this EIS, although they are not prescriptive, they are effective in determining the concept and scale of the scheme.
It has been recommended that Ardee WWTP be upgraded in two phases consisting of
a Phase 1 population equivalent of 10,000 followed by a Phase 2 population equivalent of 12,500. The proposed upgrading and modifications outlined in the following sections may differ from the successful tender and the final works carried
out on site. However, the Forsuccessful inspection purposes contractor only. will be required to meet the design Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. criteria set out in Section 2.5.3 and the requirements of this EIS.
The proposed works described for the purposes of this EIS are based on upgrading the existing treatment plant using the Extended Aeration and Sand Filtration processes.
2.52 Design Loadings
The design population equivalent (p.e.) is the value used to estimate the likely volume
and quality of wastewater generated given that I p.e. has an organic loading of 60 g/p/d (grams/person/day) BOD and a typical hydraulic load of 180 I/p/d (li tr es/person/da y).
The preliminary wastewater treatment process at Ardee WWTP will be designed to treat the ultimate Phase 2 loadings as set out below:
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Design Population Equivalent (p.e.) 12,500
Population Equivalent Loading 180 I/day and 60 g BOD/day Peak Flow to Inlet Works (7.7DWF) 201 I/s
Phase 1 Phase 2
~~ ~ ~ ~~ Design Population Equivalent (p.e.) 10,000 12,500
Population Equivalent Loading I80 I/dav and 60 g BOD/dav 1 Dry Weather Flow I 1,800 rn’/day I 2,250 m’/d I I Peak Flow for Full Treatment (3DWF) 1 5,400 m3/day = 62.5 l/s I 6,750 m3/d = 78 11s I I BODLoad I 600 kg/day I 750 kdday I Table 2.4 Secondary wastewater treatment process loadings for Phase 1 and Phase 2.
A complete review of the existing population equivalents from both domestic and non-domestic sources within Ardee town is detailed in Appendix A of the Preliminary Design Report, 2007, which can be found in Appendix B of this report.
2 33 Treatment hocess Deszgiz Requzkeineizts
The Treatment Process Design Requirements for the upgrade of Ardee WWTP are as For inspection purposes only. follows: Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
Final effluent quality as determined by the assimilative capacity of the receiving waters with regard to the sensitivity classification of the receiving waters and relevant European and Irish Regulations;
The provision of screening and grit removal of all wastewater, with screenings to a maximum particle size of 6mm and de-gritting to 0.2mm particle size;
The provision of screenings collection and dewatering to a maximum moisture content of less than 40%.
Provision of a robust process, which can be managed and operated easily.
Sludge production and treatment in accordance with “County Louth Sludge Management Plan”
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Provision of a treatment process which can be expanded in a modular manner.
Provision of an energy efficient design for mechanical plant including pumps, aeration equipment and mixers;
Provision of noise control.
Provision of an inlet works which can deal with 7.7 DWF based on a Phase 2 hydraulic flow.
Provision of pumping station which can deal with 7.7 DWF based on a Phase 2 hydraulic flow.
Provision of flow monitoring and sampling of both influent and effluent.
Treatment process to provide for an effluent meeting the requirements for- high quality treatment standards of:
BOD 10 mg/l
Suspended Solids : IO mg/l
Total Phosphorus : I mg/l, measured as P
2.6 LAYOUT OF DEVELOPMENT
The existing WWTP layout For inspectionis outlined purposes in only. Drawing No. - Existing Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4383/EIS/02
Wastewater Treatment Works Layout Plan. There is sufficient space available within
the existing site for the proposed Phase 1 and Phase 2 extension, therefore there is no current requirement for the acquisition of additional lands. The existing boundary fence is in poor condition. A new 2.4 m high palisade fence and access gates will replace it. New site lighting and intruder alarms are also recommended to secure the new wastewater treatment plant.
Drawing No. 4383/EIS/04 - Proposed Wastewater Treatment Works Layout Plan, outlines the upgrades proposed for the scheme.
2 dl Exzit& Adrnhzktrdion /Carefaker Buiiing
The main control building is a split level structure which houses the motors for the Archimedes Screws and also the control panels for the main electrical and mechanical equipment. It presently houses the incoming ESB supply panel, existing works
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control panels, water booster pump & pressure vessel for the inlet screen and the drive mechanism for the Archimedes Screw pumps. Included in the lower section of the pump house building are sanitary facilities comprising shower, WHB, toilet and also a small laboratory. The existing control panels are positioned along the side wall
of the control room and there is limited room in the building for housing control panels associated with the upgrading of the works. The existing pump house building is in good structural condition. The existing sanitary and laboratory facilities are at the end of their design life and will require complete refurbishment. It is recommended that this building is completely refurbished under this scheme. Please refer to Drawing No. 4383/EIS/05 - Details of Existing Civil Structures (1/4) Pump Chamber and Pump House/Control Building.
2d2 Proposed Network CaretakerAdrnz>zzktra?zon BuzZzjzg
A new administration/caretaker building is proposed which will consist of administration, sanitary and workshop facilities, including adequate storage facilities for plant and equipment necessary for day-to-day operation of the sewer network. In addition the new facilities may be utilised for the storage of large plant equipment such as mobile generators and pumps. Please refer to Drawing No. 4383/EIS/09 Proposed Network Caretakers Administration Building.
This building will be located within the existing site just south of the main access For inspection purposes only. gate. An independentConsent accessof copyright gate owner requiredwill forbe any provided other use. for the building, with
tarmacadamed access road, car parking facilities and turning area. This area will be completely surrounded by a 2.4 m high palisade security fence.
263
Screw Pumping Chamber
The construction of a new pumping station adjacent to the existing screw pump station is proposed. This could be constructed without interfering with the existing pumping arrangements. A new wet well pumping station will be provided adjacent to the existing screw pump chamber which will provide forward pumping of 7.7 DWF to the inlet works. The provision of a new pumping station will allow for an increase in the elevation of the inlet works which in turn will facilitate an increase in height of the aeration tanks and a subsequent increase in their liquid depth.
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Inlet Works
There are a number of inadequacies within the preliminary treatment process provided by the existing plant and these inadequacies are having a negative effect downstream of the preliminary treatment process. In order to rectify these deficiencies, a new inlet works is required with a mechanical 6mm screen, emergency course bypass screen, mechanical grit trap, flow measurement, actuated valve and a secondary stormwater overflow weir. Please refer to Drawing No. 4383/EIS/06 -
Details of Existing Civil Structures (2/4) Inlet Works.
The forward pumping of 7.7 DWF to the new inlet works by utilising the forward feed pumps will facilitate the screening of stormwater prior to its diversion to the stormwater holding tank.
Screened flows in excess of 3 DWF will be diverted to a stormwater holding tank with two hours storage capacity for primary settlement before discharge to the River Dee. During periods of < 1.5 DWF through the plant stored water will be returned for treatment. Flows less than 3 DWF will continue on to the secondary treatment process for full treatment.
Stormwater Holding Tank
For inspection purposes only. It is recommendedConsent that of copyright the existing owner required stormwater for any other use. holding tank be emptied,
decommissioned, decontaminated and demolished. It is recommended that a new stormwater tank be constructed, which is self-cleaning with 890 m3 (2 hours detention at 4.7 DWF based on Phase 2 hydraulic flows). The stormwater tank will provide primary settlement during periods of prolonged rainfall. The storm return line should return stormwater to the proposed contact tank upstream of the aeration tanks. A new pump station fitted with variable speed drives (VSDs) should be built to return the stored stormwater.
The flow to the storm tank should be measured, as should the return storm flow and
overflow to the River Dee. The stored stormwater stiould be returned at a controlled rate and only after the influent flow falls below 1.5 DWF.
I
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2 6; # Secondary TrerZtment
Contact Tank
The construction of a 1 19m3 contact tank upstream of the existing aeration tanks is recommended to provide for flow splitting and the mixing of screened influent, return activated sludge and returned storm water prior to entering the aeration tanks. The provision of a contact tank upstream of the aeration tank will provide a means of
expanding the treatment works to cater for Phase 2 loadings without unnecessary additional works or interference with the Phase I process during construction of
Phase 2. The contact tank will also provide a degree of de-nitrification upstream of the aeration process.
Aeration Tanks
The existing secondary treatment process consists of two square aeration tanks with fixed surface aerators and two final clarification tanks. It is recommended that both the existing aeration tanks and clarification tanks be decommissioned, emptied and inspected fully in rotation, in order to confirm their structural condition. Non- destructive tests should be carried out to assess the structural strength of the concrete and cover to the reinforcement. If necessary concrete cores should be taken to confirm the strength of the concrete and reinforcement exposed to confirm the size, For inspection purposes only. spacing and grade ofConsent steel of reinforcement. copyright owner required Please for any refer other use.to Drawing No. 4383/EIS/07 -
Details of Existing Civil Structures (314) Aeration Tanks.
It is recommended that the aeration and clarification tanks be retained and incorporated into the upgrading of the treatment works. Proposed modifications for the retrofitting of the existing tanks are outlined in this section, however with the recommended DBO procurement option it is most likely that there will be alternatives to the scheme outlined.
It is recommended that the existing surface aerators be replaced by a diffused aeration process in order to improve oxygen transfer efficiency and reduce operational costs. In addition to the replacement of the aeration process, increasing the sidewall height of the aeration tanks by 1.0 m will facilitate an increase in the liquid depth in the existing aeration tanks and further increase the oxygen transfer efficiency of the aeration process. This will provide a liquid depth of 4.5 m with a 0.5 m freeboard and
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will increase the volume of the aeration tanks to 946 m3. Based on an extended
aeration process with 24 hours retention and hydraulic loading rating of 180 Wd, each of the retrofitted aeration tanks would have a capacity to treat approximately
5,255 population equivalents, giving a total treatment capacity of 10,5 10 p.e., which is sufficient to cater for Phase 1 requirements.
An additional aeration tank will be required for Phase 2 of the proposed upgrade, which is outlined in Drawing No. 4383/EIS/04.
Clarifiers
It is recommended that clarifiers be retained and that the mechanical and electrical components of the clarifiers be completely overhauled as part of the upgrade. It is also recommended that the height of the existing outfall chamber from the clarifiers be raised to the height of the existing clarifier side wall. This is in order to prevent the overflow of treated effluent during periods of flood in the river and the associated surcharging within the discharge line.
Please refer to Drawing No. 4383/EIS/08 - Details of Existing Civil Structures (4/4) Clarifiers and Pump Sump. An additional clarifier will be required for Phase 2 of the proposed upgrade, outlined in Drawing No. 4383/EIS/04.
Sludge Treatment For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
The existing sludge holding tank is not suitable and it is recommended that a new picket fence thickener be provided to achieve a thickened sludge with a dry solids content of 4%. A suitable sludge draw off point will be provided for removal of the sludge to the sludge hub centre in Dundalk. The tank will have a capacity of 140m' and will provide 7 days storage for Phase 2 design capacity.
Sludge Press House
The existing sludge press house has a floor area of circa 62.5m2. It presently houses a belt-press which is in very poor operational condition and is no longer used. The structure of the building is unknown; however some structural cracks are visible in the walls of the building. As part of the upgrading of the treatment works it is not envisaged that sludge pressing facilities will be required as the County Louth Sludge Management Plan recommended that thickened sludge be transported by tanker to the
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sludge hub centre at Dundalk for further treatment. It is recommended that the existing sludge press building be decommissioned and a complete structural condition check carried out in order to determine whether the structure could be reutilised as a storage area and workshop.
Outfall Pipe
The existing WWTP outfall to the river Dee consists of a 900 mm diameter concrete pipe. It is recommended that a new concrete headwall is constructed on the outfall and a ‘Tideflex’ or similar approved flap-valve is fitted to prevent the pipe surcharging when the River Dee is in flood.
2.7 TERTIARY TREATMENT
The treatment standard required at Ardee WWTP, based upon a Phase 1 and Phase 2 design capacity is IO mg/l BOD; 10 mg/l Suspended Solids; I mg/l Phosphorus. The proposed extended aeration with secondary clarification process will only provide a
25:35 standard of treatment. Therefore, tertiary treatment is required following discharge from the clarifiers. It is recommended that tertiary treatment be provided through the utilisation of a Sand Filter, outlined in Drawing No. 4383/EIS/04.
Phosphorus Removal
For inspection purposes only. Phosphorus removalConsent will ofbe copyright carried owner outrequired through for any other the use. addition of ferric sulphate
(FeS04), with dosing carried out before the secondary settlement tank. A 250 litre tank with a pump to dose ferric sulphate into the treatment system is proposed to reduce the phosphate levels. A separate eyewash facility is proposed within the treatment plant premises, due to the presence of ferric sulphate on site.
2.8 PROCESS OUTLINE
The proposed wastewater treatment process for stage 1 is outlined in Drawing No. 4383/EIS/I 0 - Proposed wastewater treatment works hydraulic profile Stage 1.
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ALTERNATIVES EXAMINED
INTRODUCTION
Prior to arriving at the recommended treatment method outlined in Section 2.6 of this EIS, Layout of Development, several alternative options for wastewater treatment were evaluated. These options are set out in the following sub-sections.
prel>ni/zaryTreatment Options
The preliminary treatment of Ardee WWTP will be independent of the secondary and tertiary treatment processes selected. The preliminary treatment process consists primarily of the removal of non-organics such as plastics and rags as well as grit, silt and sand from the waste stream. The presence of these non-organic solids can lead to the damage of equipment through abrasion and blockages and can interfere adversely in the subsequent treatment processes.
Secodary Trednzent Options
A number of secondary treatment processes were identified as possible options for the retrofitting and expansion of Ardee WWTP, including:
Extended Aeration and Secondary Clarification (EA);
Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs); and
For inspection purposes only. Membrane Bio-ReactorConsent of copyright owner required for any other use.
The details of each of these treatment processes can be found in Appendix C of the Preliminary Design Report, which can be found in Appendix B of this report. Each process option was reviewed and assessed using a weighting system to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each process. The weightings used and results of analysis are shown in the following tables with higher scores indicating more favourable aspects. Table 3.1 lists the Process Technology criteria considered in the evaluation detailed in Appendix C of the Preliminary Design Report together with individual weightings for the criteria.
!
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Process Technology 7 Process Suitability for Meeting Treatment Objectives 7 Operational Simplicity 6 Ease of Process Expansion 6 Ease of Retrofitting for Stricter Effluent Standards 7 Sludge Production volumes and characteristics 5 Process Reliability, Flexibility of Operation and Standby Requirement 7 Land Requirement 5 Hydraulic Head Requirement 5 Construction Aspect 5 Requirement for Tertiary Treatment 5 TOTAL 60
I Description I Aeration I Reactor Reactor I I I 1I Table 3.2 Description of Process Options
The scorings for each of the 3 options are shown in Table 3.3
Process Technolo
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Standby Requirement I I J J Land Reouirement 5 14141 4 Hydraulic Head Requirement 5 4 4 3 Construction Aspect 5 4 4 4 Requirement for Tertiary Treatment 5 0 0 5 Total Score 60(max) 51 47 52
31 3 Tertiary Tredment Optzoizs
There is a requirement for Tertiary Treatment for two of the three process technologies reviewed. Two Tertiary Treatment processes have been evaluated for their suitability for both the Extended Aeration and Sequencing Batch Reactor processes. Details of each tertiary treatment process can be viewed in Appendix C of the Preliminary Design Report.
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The two tertiary treatment options reviewed were:
Sand Filtration
Disc Filter
3.14 colzc~uswlzs
Due to the fact that the recommended procurement method for the proposed scheme is Design, Build and Operate (DBO), the type of wastewater treatment processes, primary, secondary and tertiary, will be determined following the selection of the successful tender. The successful tender may include the process technologies reviewed, variations of these processes or alternative technologies. For purposes of cost estimates for the Preliminary Design Report, the Extended Aeration was selected as the secondary treatment process and Sand Filtration as the tertiary treatment process.
For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
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4.0 HUMAN BEINGS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The likely effects that this development may have on Human Beings during the construction phase and during the operational phase are described in this chapter. Where a significant negative impact can be foreseen, an attempt is made to reduce or remove it by way of practicable mitigation measures.
The effect of a development on Human Beings is also known as the Socio-Economic affect and, as such, includes the following broad areas of investigation: -
Population Employment Settlement Patterns Health and Safety Tourism
4.2 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
The 2006 Census records a population of 4,301 persons in Ardee. This shows an
increase of 737 or 20% overFor inspection the 2002 purposes population only. figure of 3,564 (CSO, 2006). Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Compared to the population growth recorded between 1996 and 2002 by the CSO, of 128 persons or 3.7%, it represents a dramatic increase. The accessibility of Ardee to Dublin with improved road infrastructure and its proximity to Dundalk and Drogheda has had a significant influence on the development of the town in recent times.
422 Ernphyrnmzt
Dundalk, Drogheda and Ardee provide the main locations for employment uses in the county. The opening of the Ardee link road, in conjunction with the completion of the MI motorway, has the potential to provide enormous economic benefits to the town of Ardee. The majority of employment in Louth is in the manufacturing sector (28%),
professional serviceskommerce (19%), electricity and gas sectors (0.8%). A relatively low proportion of the county is involved in farming or agricultural activities, reflecting the highly urbanised nature of the county and the general decline in agricultural practices in recent years. !
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According to the Central Statistics Office, 2006, the population of Ardee aged 15 and over was 3,735. Of this working population a total of 1,971 persons were at work, 46 persons were looking for their first regular job, 248 were unemployed, 328 were
students, 453 were looking after home / family, 45 1 were retired, 226 were unable to work due to permanent illness or disability and 12 were classified as ‘other’.
Figure 4.1 shows the number of persons on the Live Register in the Ardee Office between 1989 and 2006. The Ardee Live Register includes both the Ardee Urban and Rural populations. The graph shows that unemployment figures fell dramatically between 1996 and 2000, but have risen slightly since 2000.
Persons on Ardee Live Register 1989 - 2006, (CSO 2006)
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
fA C 51 800 For inspection purposes only. . Persons tl Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. n 600
400
200
0 1989 1992 1996 2000 2004 2006 Year
Figure 4.1 Persons on Ardee Live Register 1989 - 2006 (CSO 2006)
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423 Settlement Pdterns
Louth has a clearly identifiable settlement hierarchy, at level one Dundalk and Drogheda with populations approaching 30,000; Ardee and Dunleer with a population between 1,000 and 5,000 at level two; while levels three and four comprise a range of smaller settlements.
Ardee, with a population of 4,301 (CSO 2006), is substantially smaller than Dundalk and Drogheda. Nonetheless it is an important urban centre located in mid-Louth. Traditionally seen as a market town serving the wider rural hinterland, the role of the town has changed over recent years. Commuter based development has played a significant part in the recent expansion of the town.
424 Heakh and Safe0
It is not possible to quantify the existing health and safety of the population of Ardee. However, any development project, in its construction and operational phase, has the potential to affect the health and safety of staff and {hegeneral public. These potential impacts are discussed in Section 4.3.4 of the EIS.
425 Towbm
Ardee is located between Ireland's two major cities, Belfast and Dublin. Tourism amenities in the locality include: For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Ardee Golf Club - 18 hole parkland course Ardee Castle in the centre of Ardee River Dee which runs through the town Nuremore 4* Country House Hotel
Tourism is considered as being of vital importance to the national economy and is now regarded as one of the greatest potential wealth creators and employers at national level. Its importance is enhanced by the employment it can generate in areas that lack opportunity for other kinds of development. Tourism has increased rapidly in Ireland in recent years. Further potential is anticipated and tourism is a priority sector for development by the Government. The Dee and Glyde Fishing Development Association was set up over 50 years ago in an attempt to protect and develop the local rivers and to promote tburism in the area. i
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4.3 POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT
43 Z Populatzh
The upgrading of Ardee WWTP will have no direct impact on the population of the town. Although, by upgrading the capacity of the WWTP, it will allow for expansion of the town, in both the industrial and residential sector. This is regarded as an indirect positive impact on the population of Ardee Town.
During the construction phase of the proposed development, significant local employment is likely to be provided, as well as employment on a regional and national level. Throughout the project lifetime employment will be created and maintained on a local level. The employment provided by this development during the construction and operational phases is not likely to affect the overall regional or county profile to a great degree. Irrespective of this, the provision of employment in the area, particularly at construction stage, must be seen as a positive impact.
43 3 Settlement Pdterns
The proposed development has the potential to have a positive impact on settlement patterns in Ardee. With the WWTP running at full capacity at present, Ardee is limited in the amount of industrial or residential expansion that can be granted. The provision of an upgraded ForWWTP inspection andpurposes additional only. capacity enables Louth County Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
Council to fulfil their settlement policy for Ardee (P4.4of the County Development Plan 2003 - 2009), which states:
“If is rlze policy of the Council to promore rhe developinenf of Ardee as a medium sized town for urban strengthening to serve the needs of the local coininunity and drive development within the locality ”.
Physical health and safety concerns are two-fold:
Construction workers and members of the public during construction; Members of the public and employees of the Council during operation.
There is a risk on all construction sites of accidents resulting in serious injury and death. Persons working on the site, members of the public and employees of the contractors on site may be exposed to potentially dangerous situations. It is a
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requirement that the works is designed and constructed in compliance with current Health & Safety legislation, particularly the Safety, Health & Welfare at Work Act, 2005 and Construction Regulations, 2006. The aim of this legislation is to minimise the risk of accidents by eliminating or controlling hazards. Hence, compliance with the Safety & Health legislation should significantly limit the impact on Health & Safety. Off site, construction related traffic might also pose a danger to the public on narrow roads or in poor weather conditions. The adherence to the rules of the road and general good driving practice will reduce the severity of this risk. Passing bays are also proposed on the access road to the WWTP to allow vehicles during the construction, operation and maintenance phases to pass safely.
During the operational phase of the development there is a danger of members of the public having an accident on the site. The danger of entering the site will be clearly signposted for members of the public, who will be discouraged from entering the site for any reason. Visitors to the site should be visiting for professional reasons in conjunction with the operation of the plant. The operator at the Plant should implement an induction process whereby all visitors to the site should be briefed by a competent person on the dangers to their safety and health during their visit to the site. They will also be expected to familiarise themselves with the Safety File and adhere to all safety requirements set out in the Safety File during the course of their working visit. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Overall, this development can be said to have the potential for a positive impact and a minor negative impact. No impact can be said to be significant in terms of any of the above topics.
435
The development is expected to have a positive effect on tourism, as it will allow the area to develop tourist amenities. Upgrading the WWTP to the high quality effluent standards recommended should improve the water quality of the River Dee. The River Dee is a good river for angling. Any deterioration of water quality could have severe impacts on the fish stock in the river.
4.4 MITIGATION MEASURES
Although no negative impact of significance is predicted from the proposed development, there are a number of measures that can be implemented. The health i
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and safety of workers and the public is paramount, therefore the following steps should be taken:
A Code of Construction Practice should be established with Louth County Council, which has regard to Health and Safety on and off site.
Off site, Health and Safety shall include adherence to the rules of the road at all times and proper signage shall be used when wide or long vehicles are in use. The use of a lead vehicle with warning lights when large, wide or long vehicles are in use is recommended. I
Members of the public shall not be permitted onto the site during construction without permission of the contractor.
All works in the vicinity of the River Dee will be carried out in accordance with the Eastern Regional Fisheries Board guidance document “Requirements for the Protection of Fisheries Habitat during Construction and Developnzent Works at River Sites”.
4.5 CONCLUSION
Overall, this development can be said to have a positive impact on the socio- economic environment. No negative impact of significance is predicted in terms of For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. any of the socio-economic topics discussed.
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5.0 FLORA, FAUNA AND FISHERIES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5: 1! Z Bmkgrozind
Natura Environmental Consultants were commissioned by Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers on behalf of Louth County Council, to undertake an ecological appraisal as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed upgrade of the existing waste water treatment plant (WWTP) at Ardee, County Louth. The report has been prepared in line with the EPA’s Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (2002).
5: 12 Relevant Leg&&wiz
The relevant legislation referred to in this part of the EIS is as follows;
European Community Quality of Salmonid Waters Regulations (1988). Statutory Instrument SI, No 293 of 1998.
European Union Birds Directive (1 979). Council Directive 79/209/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds.
European Union Habitats For inspection Directive purposes only. (I 992). Council Directive 92/43/EEC of Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.
Flora (Protection) Order (1 999). Statutory Instrument, S. I. No. 94 of 1999. Published by the Stationary Office, Dublin.
Official Journal of the European Communities (78/659/EEC) Council Directive of 18 July 1978 on the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life.
Wildlife Act (I 976). Wildlife Act, Ireland, 22 December 1976, No. 39 of I976
Wildlife Amendment Act (2000). Wildlife Amendment Act, Ireland, 18 December 2000, No. 38 of 2000. i
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351 3 Schedule of Works
A desk study was carried out initially, with the field surveys and water quality monitoring following on the 6t” March, 2008. Additional physico-chemical water samples were taken on the 24Ih April, 2008.
5.2 METHODOLOGY
35.2 I Desk Study
A desk study was carried out to collate availde information on the existing ecological environment. The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) database of designated areas and records of rare and protected species (www.nDws.ie) was accessed to review recent and historic data. Consultation letters in relation to this scheme received by Jennings O’Donovan & Partners from the NPWS and the Eastern Regional Fisheries Board (ERFB) were also reviewed.
Ecological surveys were carried out at the Ardee WWTP site on the 6‘h March 2008 by Natura Environmental Consultants.
Habitat survey
Habitats were classified using A Guide to Habitats in Zrelmd (Fossitt, 2000) and the For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. dominant plant species were recorded. The study consisted of a walkover survey
including an assessment of habitats within and adjacent to the site, and of the aquatic and riparian habitats present along the River Dee at the WWTP site.
Mammal and bird survey
A survey of large mammals, namely badger and otter, was conducted by means of a search of all field boundaries adjacent to the site and by walking along the river bank. Although direct observations of mammals are occasionally made, most species in Ireland are nocturnal in habit and the survey method relies on finding signs such as - burrows/setts, resting places, tracks, feeding signs and droppings. All field boundaries within and adjacent to the survey area were systematically searched (on both sides) for mammal signs. In addition, areas of exposed mud (principally on
roads, footpaths, at field gates and margins of watercourses) were searched for distinctive footprints. The presence of otter was determined principally by the
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presence of spraints (faeces) deposited on, or near the bank of river and the presence
of otter tracks.
Bird species were recorded in the course of the habitat and mammals surveys using a combination of direct sightings and songkall identification.
In this report, scientific and common names for plants follow Webb et al. (1996) and Scannell and Synnott (1987) respectively. Only the common names are given for mammals and birds.
Protected aquatic species
Areas of suitable substrate along the bank of the River Dee at the existing WWTP site were surveyed for the presence of juvenile lamprey, known as ammocoete larvae. The juvenile stage of all three species (brook, river and sea lamprey) bury into fine silts after hatching where they spend several years before metamorphosing into the adult phase. Ammocoete beds are normally located in areas of slack flow or amongst the fringing river vegetation where silts accumulate.
Kick-samples taken in the course of the biological water sampling were checked for the presence of white-clawed crayfish in addition to overturning larger rocks at
intervals along the channel in the vicinity of the site. No fringing aquatic vegetation
suitable for sweep-netting For was inspection present purposes along only. this stretch of the river. Where otter Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. spraints were found along a watercourse, these were also checked for crayfish carapace remains as they are a regular prey item of otter where present.
Water quality
Biological sampling of freshwater macro-invertebrates was conducted on 6‘h March 2007 using the EPA’s standard biological assessment technique (McGarrigle er al. 0 2002) to assess the water quality of the River Dee in the vicinity of the site. Samples were taken at two locations along the river, one upstream and one downstream of the existing water treatment works (Figure 5.3). Freshwater macroinvertebrates were collected in a 2mm mesh hand-net by kick sampling in a suitable substrate for two minutes. Samples were transferred to plastic buckets and preserved in 70% alcohol. Identification of macro-invertebrates and water quality assessment was carried out by freshwater biologists at Ecological Consultancy Services Ltd. (ECOSERVE) using the five point ‘Q value’ system, as outlined in Table 5.1.
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Q5 High Good Satisfactory Unpolluted
44 Reduced Fair Satisfactory Unpolluted
Much reduced Doubtful Unsatisfactory Moderately polluted I ~3 1 I Low Unsatisfactory Seriously polluted Q2 I I 1 1 ~~ Q1 Very low Bad Unsatisfactory Seriously polluted
Physico-chemical samples were also taken at both sampling stations and were tested by ALCONTROL for a suite of parameters, as listed in Table 5.2.
For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Conductivity Total susoended solids (TSS) I
Nitrates I Phosphorous Table 5.2. Physico-chemical test parameters measured for water quality monitoring of the River Dee at Ardee WWTP
323 Impact Assessment Met/iwdology
The prediction of impacts is based upon the Site Evaluation Scheme and Criteria for Assessing Impact Significance as defined in Appendix C. It is in line with the Guidelines for the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (EPA, 2002).
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5.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT
The study area comprises of the existing wastewater treatment plant, located
approximately 1 km northeast of Ardee town centre (as shown on Figure 5.3), and the surrounding grassland. The site is bounded to the south and east by the River Dee, to the north by a public walkway and the Ardee link road (N33) and by grazed agricultural land to the west.
531 DeszgizatedA remfor Ndure Coizservatzofl
The Ardee WWTP site does not lie within the boundaries of a designated area for conservation and there are no designated conservation areas adjacent to the site. Five designated areas for conservation lie within 5km of the site boundary and are listed in Table 5.3. Four of these are proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHA's), designated under the Wildlife (Amendment) Act (2000), and one is a Special Protection Area for Birds designated under the EU Birds Directive (1 979).
I .2km Louth Hall And Ardee PNHA 001616 woods north-west 2.5km PNHA 00 1454 Ardee Cutaway Bog west
~~ 2.5km Kildemock Marsh pNHA . 001806 For inspection purposes only. south Consent of1 copyright owner required1 for any other use. 3.3km Stabannan-Braganstown pNHA 000456 1 1 north-east 3.3krn Stabannan-Braganstown SPA 004091 SPA north-east I 1 1 I I 1Table 5.3. Designated areas within a 5km radius of the Ardee WWTP site
The River Dee enters the sea at Annagassen, part of Dundalk Bay candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC), which lies approximately 12 km to the northeast of Ardee (site code 000455). Dundalk Bay is also designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA) for birds, as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA) and is a Ramsar site. The site contains five habitats listed under Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive; perennial vegetation of stony banks, tidal mudflats, salt marshes, Salicornia mudflats and estuaries. The site is also of international importance for waterfowl as it regularly holds over 20,000 birds including the Annex I species the golden plover and bar- tailed godwit I
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33 2 Botected Species of Fhra and Fauna
Records of rare and protected species of flora and fauna within 5 km of the Ardee WWTP (Data from NPWS database) are presented in Table 5.4.
Annual knawell (Sclerantkus annuus) I Flora Protection Order (1987) I Tiernan’s Hill Table 5.4. Records of Rare and Protected Species of Flora and Fauna Within 5km of Ardee WWTP (from NPWS records www.npws.ie)
Annual knawell is the only species of rare flora or fauna recorded on the NPWS database and only an historical record from Tiernan’s Hill (location in relation to Ardee WWTP unknown) in 1900 is available. Annual knawel is legally protected
under the Flora Protection Order (1987).
Kingfisher and evidence of otter was recorded along the River Dee during the field survey in March. Lamprey ammocoetes were also recorded from the north bank of
the river in the alluvial sediments found along the inside of the bend. No records are available of white-clawed crayfish being present within the IO km grid square (N99)
containing the study area. Salmon (Salino salar), a species listed in Annex I1 of the EU Habitats Directive, is also present in the River Dee (O’Reilly, 2004).
For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The main habitats in the vicinity of the study area are described below and are shown in Figure 5. I. Habitat codes given in parentheses are those given by Fossitt (2000). The criteria for assessing the ecological value of the habitats present are provided in Appendix C.
Neutral grassland (GSl)
Grassland, which is currently heavily grazed by cattle, is the dominant habitat type of the study area. Grass species present include rough meadow-grass (Poa trivialis), smooth meadow-grass (Poa pratensis), red fescue (Festuca rubra), common couch (Elymus repens), crested dogs-tail (Cynosurus cristatus) and sweet vernal grass (Antlzoxantlzum odoratum). Other species present include clovers (Trifolium spp.), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolatu) and dandelion (Turaxucunz spp.) with occasional bramble (Rubusfruricosus agg.) patches
along sections of the walls and buildings within the WWTP. A small number of
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isolated clumps of hard rush (Juncms inflexus) are also present along the eastern
boundary of the site.
Buildings and artificial surfaces (BL3)
There are a number of buildings, roads and concrete structures within the site associated with the water treatment plant including offices/storage space and sewage treatment tanks. To the west of the site lies an access road and storage yard with some
spoil heaps (ED2) inside and outside of the fenced yard. A man made track runs to the north of the site between the treatment plant and the Ardee By-pass.
Lowlarid depositing river (FW2)
The River Dee flows adjacent to the southern and eastern boundaries of the site. Habitats present along the river banks are described below and include scrub, dry meadows, grassy verges and wet grassland. The aquatic environment is described in more detail in Section 3.6.
Dry meadows and grassy verges (GS2)
Along the river bank, as it runs around the southern and eastern boundary of the site, is an area of rank grassland which lies between a band of scrub at the top of the bank and the waters edge and wet grassland at the base. Species present are similar to those For inspection purposes only. described under neutralConsent grassland of copyright owner(GS required 1) but for cominonany other use. couch, cocksfoot (Dactylis
glomerata), docks (Rumex spp.), nettles (Urtica dioica) and creeping buttercup are
more dominant, as this area is not grazed or managed.
Reed arid Large Sedge Swamp (FSl)
A fringe of reed swamp, dominated by reed-canary grass (Plzalaris nrundinacea) lies
along the base of the river bank in waterlogged and wetter areas of deposited alluvial sediments.
Hedger0 w (WLl)
A hawthorn (Craraegus monogyna) and elder (Sambucus nigra) dominated hedgerow lies along the northern boundary of the site with extensive areas of dense bramble
cover in places. In the absence of bramble cover the ground is generally covered by ivy (Hedera helix) with occasional species such as cleavers (Gali~inznparine), cow
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parsley (Aizrhriscus sylvestris), herb-robert (Geranium robertianum) and lesser celandine (Ranirrzculus ficnria) present.
Scrub (WSI)
A band of scrub runs along the top of the river bank, along the southern and eastern boundaries of the site, and also extends along the northern boundary of the site between the hedgerow and the pathway. The scrub consists of young, planted alder (Alnus glutinosa) and dogwood (Cornus spp.) in addition to some willow (Salix spp.) and cypress (Cupressus sp.) present along the river bank.
Mammals
Otter
The otter is listed in Annex I1 and Annex V of the EU Habitats Directive. Evidence of otter, in the form of spraints (faeces), and tracks were found along the banks of the River Dee in the vicinity of the Ardee WWTP. Tracks were recorded in the wet grassland area near the south-eastern boundary of the site with the spraints recorded
to the north of the N33 bridge. Locations of otter signs are shown on Figure 5.2. There are no otter holts (breedinghesting places) located along the river banks in the vicinity of the site. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
Bats
All Irish bats are protected under Annex IV of the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and under the Wildlife Act (1976) and Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. Bats are widespread in Ireland and can generally be found in areas where suitable roost sites (trees, disused buildings, old stone walls and bridges, or caves) occur in close proximity to areas of suitable foraging habitat (woodland, scrub, hedgerows, wetland areas and open water). Bats commonly feed and commute along linear habitats such as hedgerows, treelines and watercourses for cover and because of the high densities of insects that are usually present.
Buildings within the site were visually inspected from the ground for the presence of roosting bats. All the buildings present on site have flat concrete roofs with no visible
!
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cracks or opening which would be suitable for roosting bats. There are no mature trees on or adjacent to the site which would offer potential for roosting bat species.
Birds
The absence of mature trees on the site and the limited hedgerow cover around the margins of the site limits the potential for breeding birds within the site. Commonly occurring farmland and hedgerow bird species recorded during the field survey include robin, wren, blackbird, blue tit, and crow.
A kingfisher was seen flying along the River Dee to the north-east of the site. This species is protected under Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. The river banks along the southern and eastern boundaries of the site offer no potential for suitable nesting habitat for the species.
The River Dee flows along the southern and eastern boundaries of the study area. At
this point the river channel is 6- 1Om wide and the flow regime is predominantly glide with some riffle sections also present. The turbidity level is quite high with the river bed not visible at depths of 40-50cm. The substrate is generally cobble and boulder
with some gravels present. The exception to this is at the riffle section by the N33 bridge which is made up of finer gravels and cobbles. The river banks here are quite For inspection purposes only. artificial in nature Consentmetres of copyright in ownerheight required with for aany regular other use. and even forty-five degree (3/4 slope) and appear to have been modified and planted recently. Habitats along the river bank adjacent to the WWTP are as described under section 3.4 above. Evidence of otter, a species listed in Annex I1 of the EU Habitats Directive was recorded along the river as was the presence of lamprey ammocoetes, recorded in the alluvial sediments along the northern river bank.
Floating aquatic vegetation (Ranunculus sp.) is present within the channel along this stretch of the river which has links with the Annex I habitat “watercourses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion jluitantis and Callirricho-Barrachion vegetation”. This vegetation generally requires swift to moderate flowing rivers over predominantly stable sand, gravel and cobble substrate with silt deposits at the macrophyte beds (Hatton-Ellis and Grieve, 2003). As the plants were not well developed at the time of-the survey it was not possible to identify them to species level. The coverage of floating vegetation varied considerably throughout this section
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of the river, being more abundant in the finer gravel and cobble sections by the N33 bridge downstream of the WWTP outflow with isolated plants elsewhere. Given the turbidity of the water the true extent of the floating vegetation cover could not be accurately determined.
Fisheries
The River Dee is a valuable salmon river (ERFB consultation response, January 2008) and also holds good stocks of both sea-trout and brown trout (O’Reilly, 2004).
Other protected aquatic species
There are no specific records available as to the presence or distribution of lamprey species in the River Dee, although all three species (brook lamprey, Lanzpetra planeri; river lamprey, Lampetru fluviafilis; and the sea lamprey, Petronzyzon marinus) would be expected to occur. During the course of the field survey lamprey ammocoetes (either brook or river lamprey) were recorded along the river channel adjacent to the WWTP.
No evidence of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotanzobius pallipes.) was recorded along this stretch of the river in the course of the field surveys and there are no records available as to the presence or distribution of crayfish on the River Dee.
For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
Data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) shows water quality in the River Dee to be no better than “fair” (Q4) throughout, with the main channel generally over-enriched upstream of Ardee and hypertrophic and moderately polluted below the town (EPA, 2004). The results of EPA sampling, upstream and downstream of Ardee WWTP are presented below in Table 5.5.
Slightly polluted Dawson’s Bridge Class B water I 3-4 Old 1 1 150m d/s Railway Moderately polluted Bridge 3-4 3 Class C water
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Biological (kick) samples of instream macro-invertebrates were collected from two
locations along the River Dee (WS 1: downstream of the N2 bridge in Ardee town to the west of the study area and WS2: downstream of the N33 bridge to the north-east of the study area, Table 5.6. Please refer to Figure 5.3 - Water Sampling Locations). Results of this recent survey show water quality to be slightly/moderately polluted
along this stretch of river and are consistent with available EPA data. The results of the biological sampling are detailed in Appendix C.
bridge in Ardee town
WS2 25m d/s of the N33 Moderately polluted bridge N 973 910 3 Class C water I I Table 5.6. Results of water quality assessment based on Q value (biological sampling o freshwater macroinvertebrates) for the River Dee at Ardee (March, 2008).
Physico-chemical water samples were also taken at both sampling points, the results of which are presented in Table 5.7.
For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.
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Chemical Oxygen Demand 604 mg/l (NDP)* Nitrate (N03) 13.8 mg/l 13.9 mg/l Phosphorous 65ugA 76 ug/l Hardness 308 mgA 277 mg/l Conductivity 0.584 mS1cm 0.585 mS/cm Total suspended solids (TSS) PH 8.09 8.02 DRO (diesel range organics) Dissolved Arsenic (ugll) 1 ug/l Dissolved Chromium (ug/l) Dissolved Selenium (ug/l) 3 ug/l <1ug/l Dissolved Copper (ug/l) Dissolved Nickel (ug/l) 11 Ugl 3 ug/l Dissolved Zinc (ug/l) 5 ug/l 13 ug/l * NDP = No Determination Possible The results of the physico-chemical water sampling are generally consistent between both sampling stations. Diesel range organics (DRO), petrol range organics (PRO) and suspended solids were below the detectable limits as were all metals that were tested for. The water in the River Dee is slightly alkaline with pH levels at sampling stations WSI and WS2, 8.09 and 8.02 respectively (within the range 2 6 5 9 in 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 36 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:22 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo accordance with the Salmonid Water Regulations (1998) and Freshwater Fish Directive (78/659/EEC), (EPA, 2001). Hardness results for both stations were in the 25 1-350 mg/l CaC03range which classifies the water as hard. Values for conductivity (an indicator of the range of hardness and alkalinity of a sample and the order of the dissolved solids content of the water) and soluble sulphate are below those set out under the Surface Water Regulations (I 989). The BOD, COD and dissolved oxygen results for each of the samples taken differed considerably between the sampling stations. Station WSI recorded a BOD value of 166 mg/l, an extremely high figure which would not normally occur within a watercourse. Such a high value could possibly be atlributed to a point discharge, or a specific pollution event which was not evident at the time of sampling. This result was queried with the lab and the result was re-issued as NDP (no determination possible) as there may have been an error in the sample analysis. Because of the time dependant nature of the testing method the sample could not be re-tested for these parameters. Station WS2, downstream of the Ardee WWTP outflow, recorded a BOD value of 2 mg/l which is below the mandatory limits of the Salmonid Water Regulations and the Freshwater Fish Directive. Levels of nitrates recorded at sampling stations WSI and WS2 (13.8 mg/l and 13.9 mg/l respectively) are below the limit value of 50 mg/l as set out under the Freshwater Fish Directive For (78/659/EEC), inspection purposes only.(EPA, 200 I). Levels of phosphorous Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. recorded at sampling stations WSI and WS2 (65ug/l and 76ug/l respectively) are below the recommended value of 0.2mg/l under the Freshwater Fish Directive (78/659/EEC), (EPA, 2001). The amount of dissolved oxygen measured in water samples varies throughout the year due to seasonal variation and other external influences. Dissolved oxygen levels from samples WS I and WS2 are below recommended values of 50% 29mg/l oxygen under the Salmonid Water Regulations (1 998) and Freshwater Fish Directive (78/659/EEC) (EPA, 2001). The low values may simply be due to the lag time between sample collection and analysis as oxygen levels in the water samples can decrease significantly due to biological process occurring with the confines of the sample container. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 31 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:22 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Within the study area the habitats present (neutral grassland, buildings and artificial surfaces and a hedgerow) are of low to moderate ecological value (D) and of local importance. The scrub, grass verges and reed swamp along the river bank are of moderate ecological value (E/D) and of local importance. Therefore, the site is considered to be of moderate, local ecological value (D). The ecological value of the site is mainly due to its close proximity to the River Dee which is of high ecological value and regionally important (B) due to the presence of a number of Annex I1 species (otter, salmon and lamprey), an Annex I bird species (kingfisher) and the presence of floating aquatic vegetation which has links to an Annex I habitat. 5.4 DO NOTHING IMPACT The existing Ardee WWTP is capable of dealing with waste levels at the current population equivalent (P.E.) of 5,800. Projected population growth figures for the town over the next twenty years (to 2026) will bring this tigure to 12,500. At this P.E. level the existing WWTP would not be able to adequately treat the resulting eftluent load. This could potentially lead to a significant decrease in the quality of the treated effluent being discharged from the plant which could be potentially damaging to the river system downstream. For inspection purposes only. 5.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTSConsent ofOF copyright THE owner DEVELOPMENT required for any other use. The scale of the impacts of the proposed upgrade of Ardee WWTP on areas of ecological value was assessed on the basis of the Criteria for Assessing Impact Significance and the Site Evaluation Scheme as outlined in Appendix C and is in line with the Guidelines for the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Stateinerits (EPA, 2002). Impacts are predicted based on the sample design of the development. Provided that mitigation measures designed to prevent water pollution and siltation are implemented, and the proposed effluent quality standards are adhered to, the proposed scheme will have no impact on any designated conservation areas such as Dundalk Bay cSAC, located downstream of the treatment plant. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 38 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:22 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo There will be minor to moderate temporary impacts on habitats during the site clearance and construction phases of the scheme. There is the potential to impact on the hedgerow along the northern boundary of the site during the replacement of the boundary fencing around the site. Given that the majority of the works will be contained within the boundary of the existing WWTP, (an area of low to moderate ecological value), with only a small area of the river banks (considered to be of moderate ecological value) being directly affected, the proposed scheme will have a minor negative impact on habitats within the site. The re-instatement of the bankside vegetation will help to offset this impact. 5.53 Fauna There will be temporary disturbance to otter that use the River Dee during the construction phase of the development due to increased human activity around the river. These works will be temporary in nature and otter using the river would be expected to habituate to the construction activity and continue to use the river at this location. Otters are sensitive to disturbance and deterioration of water quality. Any negative impacts on watercourses and fisheries as a result of the proposed development will have knock-on effects for otters. There will be no impacts on For batsinspection as purposesa result only. of the proposed scheme as there are no Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. trees or buildings on the site with potential for roosting bats. There will be no impacts on breeding birds as a result of the proposed scheme, provided that the hedgerow along the northern boundary of the site is not impacted, as there is no suitable vegetation to be cleared within the site or along the section of the river bank where the proposed stormwater pipe will be installed. There will be no impacts on kingfisher as a result ofthe proposed scheme as there is no suitable nesting habitat adjacent to, or along the boundary of the WWTP site. There is a potential risk of impacts to lamprey ammocoetes resulting from the installation of a new stormwater pipe to the river. This risk is considered to be low as during the field surveys the ammocoetes were recorded in the more suitable, slacker flow conditions found upstream of the proposed stormwater pipe installation point. i 1383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 39 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:22 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 3: 3: 4 A qzidzk E/zvz>o/zme/ztand Fkheriex Various activities during the upgrading of the Ardee WWTP could impact on water quality, most notably siltation arising from the works on site and the works associated with the laying of a new stormwater pipe to the river and the risk of pollution from accidental discharge of hazardous materials and chemicals to the river. The proposed scheme will have a temporary minor negative impact on the River Dee as a result of the installation of the stormwater pipe Provided that mitigation measures designed to prevent water pollution and siltation are implemented during the construction phase and the proposed effluent quality standards are adhered to at the operational phase, the proposed scheme will have no negative impact on the River Dee or its fisheries value. 5.6 MITIGATION MEASURES Construction phase Best practice will be implemented at all times in relation to all construction activities that may impact indirectly on the River Dee. Comprehensive surface water management measures will be implemented at the construction stages of the For inspection purposes only. development to preventConsent any of copyrightpollution owner requiredthe river. for any other use. of All works in the vicinity of the River Dee will be carried out in accordance with the Eastern Regional Fisheries Board guidance document “Requirements for the Protectioii of Fisheries Habitat during Construction and Development Works at River Sites ”. Operation of machinery in-stream should be avoided if at all possible. All construction machinery operating in-stream should be mechanically sound to prevent leaks of oil, hydraulic fluid etc. The ERFB will be consulted in relation to any bankside or in-stream works proposed for the scheme as seasonal constraints in relation to spawning salmonids may apply to such works. The proposed effluent quality standards for the upgraded treatment works (BOD IOmg/l, total suspended solids IOmg/l and phosphorous Img/l) must be stringently 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 40 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:22 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo adhered to, to ensure that the River Dee has the assimilative capacity to handle the increase in discharge volume. Foul drainage from the site office will be contained and disposed of in an appropriate manner to prevent pollution of the river. Dewatering and surface run-off discharge during construction will be controlled using appropriate silthediment traps to ensure there is no discharge into the River Dee. These will be inspected daily and maintained regularly. A pollution emergency contingency plan will be developed to identify actions to be taken in the event of an incident. Adequate protection measures will be put in place to ensure that all fuels and other hazardous materials used on site are appropriately handled, stored and disposed of in accordance with recognised standards. Fuels, oils, greases and hydraulic fluids must be stored in bunded compounds well away from the watercourse. Refuelling of plant, should not be carried out adjacent to the riverbanks or settlement ponds which discharge to the river. Pouring of cement or concrete adjacent to the river will be carried out in the dry and allowed to cure for 48 hours. Pumped or tremied concrete will be monitored carefully to ensure no accidental discharge For inspection to purposesthe river. only. Mixer washings and excess concrete Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. will not be discharged to water. Concrete washout areas should be located well away from the river banks. There is no mitigation required in relation to lamprey ammocoetes at this location as the laying of the new stormwater overflow pipe to the river will only impact on a very short section of the river bank (the proposed discharge pipe will be a maximum of 450mm in diameter) where the river is faster flowing and therefore, less suitable for the deposition of the fine silts and muds required by the ammocoetes. Operational phase All hazardous chemicals used in the treatment process will be stored in secure and adequately bunded areas in order to prevent accidental dischargdspillage to the River Dee. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 41 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ...... Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo The majority of the working area for the proposed scheme will be contained within the boundary of the existing waste water treatment plant and will include the replacement of the existing boundary fencing. The fencing replacement works should be carried out in a sensitive manner and avoid impacting on the canopy of the hedgerow along the north of the site. At the river bank the working area for the laying of the stormwater pipe will be kept to a minimum in order to reduce any impacts on the river and riparian vegetation. There will be no storage of spoil or other materials within the canopy of the hedgerow along the northern boundary of the site. Topsoil should be stripped, stored and reinstated where neutral grassland is affected. Topsoil will be stripped when the soil is not waterlogged and stored in an appropriate manner to prevent compaction (in mounds of maximum height 2.5m), waterlogging and weed growth. Once work has been completed the topsoil will be reinstated and the vegetation allowed to regenerate naturally. The use of chemicals such as fertiliser and herbicides will be avoided at all times. Mitigation measures designed to prevent water pollution and siltation, along with adherence to the proposed effluent quality standards, will prevent indirect impacts on Dundalk Bay cSAC downstream of the WWTP. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The vegetation sods on the river bank removed during site clearance should be retained and stored appropriately. Following the installation of the stormwater pipe the vegetation along the river bank should be reinstated by replacing these sods and allowing the banks to regenerate naturally. Replanting of any young trees removed along the river bank should be carried out using native species of local origin, which have a similar species composition to the existing vegetation. Replanting or rehabilitation of bank sides will be done following sensitive grading of the banks to replicate the existing topography (slopes should not be greater than I :2). Planting will be conducted using native species and will follow a natural zonation that is appropriate to the river profile. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 42 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 5.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT Provided that mitigation measures designed to prevent water pollution and siltation are implemented during the construction phase and the proposed effluent quality standards are adhered to at the operational phase the proposed scheme will have no negative impact on the River Dee or its fisheries value. 5.8 CONCLUSION The upgrade works and operation of the Ardee WWTP will not have any long term negative impacts on the River Dee provided that the mitigation measures proposed, and in particular the proposed effluent quality standards, are implemented. These works will ensure that future development and population growth in the area will not lead to an overloading of the existing sewage treatment infrastructure which could be potentially damaging to the river system downstream. If the restoration of the neutral grassland within the site and the river bank is carried out in a sensitive manner there will be no negative residual impacts associated with the upgrade works at the WWTP on the site. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. ! 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 43 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 r For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. L. .-9 e? EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan 8r Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 5.10 REFERENCES Eastern Regional Fisheries Board (2005). Requirements for the protection of fisheries habitat during construction and development works at river sites. ERFB, Dublin. EPA. (2002). Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements. Environmental Protection Agency EPA (200 1). Parameters of Water Quality: Interpretation and standards. EPA, Wexford. European Community Quality of Salmonid Waters Regulations (1 988). Statutory Instrument SI. No 293 of 1998. European Union Birds Directive (1979). Council Directive 79/209/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds. European Union Habitats Directive (I 992). Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 2 1 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Flora (Protection) Order (1 999). Statutory Instrument, S. I. No. 94 of 1999. Published by the Stationary Office, Dublin. Fossitt, J.A. (2000). A Guide to Habitats in Ireland. Heritage Council, Kilkenny. McGarrigle, M. L., Bowman, J .J, Clabby, K. J., Lucey, J., Cunningham, P., MacCarthaigh, M., Keegan, M., Cantrell, B., Lehane, M., Clenaghan, C., Toner, P.F. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. (2002). Water Quality in Ireland 1998-2000, EPA Publications, Wexford. Official Journal of the European Communities (78/659/EEC) Council Directive of 18 July 1978 on the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life. O'Reilly, P. (2004) Rivers of Ireland, A tly fisher's guide (6Ih edn) Merlin Unwin Books, Ludlow, UK. Scannell, M.J.P. and Synnott, D.M. (1987). Census Catalogue of the Flora of Ireland (2nd edn). Stationery Office, Dublin. Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. (1 996). An Irish Flora (7th edn). Dundalgan Press, Dundalk. Wildlife Act (1 976). Wildlife Act, Ireland, 22 December 1976, No. 39 of I976 Wildlife Amendment Act (2000). Wildlife Amendment Act, Ireland, I8 December i 2000. No. 38 of 2000. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft , 45 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 6.0 SOILS AND GEOLOGY 6.1 INTRODUCTION 61I Backgrouizd The purpose of this section of the report is to present an evaluation of available baseline data in respect of superficial deposits and bedrock geology at the site of the proposed wastewater treatment plant extension and ancillary infrastructure at Ardee, Co. Louth and to make an assessment of the likely significant impacts of the development on the soil and geological environment. The soils and geology section of this EIS has been prepared in accordance with the Environmental Protection Agency Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements) (2002) and in accordance with guidelines on Geology in Environmental Impact Statements issued by the Institute of Geologists in Ireland (2003). The requirement for carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is set out in European (EU Directive 85/337/EC) which has been transposed into Irish Law through a number of Statutory Instruments, principally S.I. 349 of 1989, S.I. 84 of For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 1994 and S.I. 93 of 1999. The legislation identifies the type and scale of development requiring an EIA as well as the minimum requirements in relation to the content of the associated EIS. The IGI Guidelines acknowledge that the level of geological detail required is dependent on the nature of the development, its potential impact and associated mitigation measures. The guidelines are intended to provide practical advice in relation to the geological aspects only and do not replace any of the legislative requirements. 6; 3 Schedule of Works Assessment of the soils and geology was undertaken by a professional geologist from John Barnett and Associates (JBA) on behalf of Jennings O'Donovan. JBA was appointed on 26Ih February 2008 and a geological desk based study was commenced on that date. A site inspection was undertaken on 1 3Ih May 2008. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 46 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jeiiiiiiigs O'DOIIOVBII& Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 6.2 METHODOLOGY 62.1 Desk Study A desk based study was undertaken at the outset of this appointment to identify, collect and collate available relevant geological information. The desk based study had regard to the plan outline of the proposed development and included a review of data from the following sources: 0 Historical and present day Ordnance Survey topographical maps, 0 Teagasc soils and sub-soil parent material mapping, 0 Historical and present-day geological maps published or held by the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI), GSI karst database. 0 Ground investigation results undertaken in 1991 - 1992 for the N2 Ardee Bypass which borders the northern edge of the site 62.2 Field In vestigations Field investigations at Ardee, undertaken in May 2008, comprised a site inspection and assessment of any soils and bedrock geology visible at the ground surface and in the banks of the adjacent river. For inspection purposes only. 62.3 Previous Field InvestigationsConsent of copyright owner required for any other use. Two trial pits and four shell and auger boreholes (two with rotary core extensions) were completed in 199 1 immediately north of the WWTP site. These investigations were undertaken as part of the new road constructed immediately north of the site and the results would be typical of those underlying the existing WWTP and proposed extension. Trial pit and borehole locations are presented in Figure 6.1 (Appendix D). 62.4 Impact Assessment Methodology The preliminary impact assessment will evaluate the significance of impacts on a variety of soil and geological attributes identified from desk based studies, field (walkover) surveys and ground investigation. The importance of soil and geology sites is assessed on the basis of their quality (or likely degree of contamination), extent (scale) and rarity. Typical criteria to be applied in assessing the importance of these attributes are presented in Table 6.1. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 41 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 I Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo i Contaminated soil on site with Site / Attribute has a high quality previous heavy industrial usage or value on a regional or national scale Large recent landfill site for mixed wastes Very High Degree or extent of soil contamination (or waste requiring Geological feature rare on a I off-site disposal) is significant on regional or national scale (NHA) I a national or regional scale Large existing quarry or pit Contaminated soil on site with previous light industrial usage Small recent landfill site for mixed Site / Attribute has a high quality wastes or value on a local scale Geological feature of high value on Degree or extent of soil a local scale (CGS) rcontamination (or waste requiring off-site disposal) is significant on Well drained and/or highly a local scale productive agricultural soils Moderately sized existing quarry or pit Moderately drained and/or Site / Attribute a moderate has moderately productive agricultural quality or value on a local scale soil Degree or extent of soil Large historical and/or recent site contamination waste requiring (or for construction and demolition off-site disposal) is moderate on a wastes local scale Small existing quarry or pit For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Site / Attribute has a low quality Poorly drained and/or low or value on a local scale productivity agricultural soil Degree or extent of soil Low contamination (or waste requiring Small historical andor recent off-site disposal) is minor on a landfill site for construction and local scale demolition wastes I Table 6.1 stimation of Importance of Soil ar Geology Attributes 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 48 18/07/1008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ...... -...... - Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Typical criteria to be applied in quantifying the magnitude of environmental impacts on the various attributes are presented in Table 6.2. Loss of high proportion of future quarry or pit reserves Irreversible loss of high proportion of local productive agricultural land Results in loss of Large attribute Removal of entirety of geological heritage feature Requirement to excavate / remediate entire waste site Loss of moderate proportion of future quarry or pit reserves Removal of part of geological heritage Results in impact on feature Medium integrity attribute or of Irreversible loss of significant proportion loss of part of attribute of local productive agricultural land Requirement to excavate / remediate significant proportion of waste site Loss of small proportion of future quarry or pit reserves For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Removal of small part of geological heritage feature Results in minor impact on integrity of Irreversible loss small proportion of Small of attribute or loss of local productive agricultural land and/or small part of attribute high proportion of local poorly productive agri c u It ur al 1and Requirement to excavate / remediate small proportion of waste site Results in an impact on attribute but of Negligible insufficient magnitude No measurable changes in attributes to affect either use or integrity Table 6.2 lstimation of Magnitude of Impact on an Attribute 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 49 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo The importance of an attribute and the magnitude of the impact are both important in rating environmental impacts. For example, a small adverse impact on a very important attribute could represent a moderate to major adverse impact, e.g. sterilisation of small proportion of future reserves at a large quarry. In order to take account of both factors, preliminary rating of potential environmental impacts on soil and geology will be based on the matrix presented in Table 6.3 below: 1 Negligible 1 Small I Medium I Large I Table 6.3 Rating of Potential Environmental Impact 625 Chrmterziticx ofthe Devehpmeizt Areas of the development which may impact on the soils and geology environment include: For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Demolition and removal of some existing infrastructure Construction of structures and installation of overground infrastructure 6.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT 632 FieH Work Uizdertakeiz Site Inspection The site of the existing wastewater treatment plant and proposed extension was examined. The area is underlain by maintained grass on made ground arising from the original construction of the existing WWTP. No bedrock or sub-soil material was observed. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft SO 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ...... Je 11 11 ings 0'Do nova ii & Pa r t iiers Cons U It iiig E iig iiiee rs Sligo 6.3.2 Agricultural Soils Teagasc soil mapping shows the site to be underlain by mineral alluvium and grey- brown podzolics and brown earths (Figure 6.2, Appendix D). The site walkover and review of data from the Ardee road scheme indicates that the site is underlain by thin soils and made ground overlying glacial tills. In light of this observation, the soil within the study area is deemed to be of minor value and importance. 63.3 Sub-soil Parent Material Teagasc sub-soil parent material mapping shows the site to be underlain by alluvium and glacial tills derived from Carboniferous limestones (Figure 6.3, Appendix D). Trial pitting and boreholes immediately north of the site indicates that approximately 9.0m of tills with subordinate interbedded sand and gravel is present overlying bedrock. 63.4 Bedrock Geology Geological Survey of Ireland I : 100,000 Geology Sheet 13 (Meath) shows the site at Ardee to be underlain by the Clontail Formation, of Ordovician - Silurian age and composed of calcareous red-mica greywackes (Figure 6.4, Appendix D). However, rotary core drilling immediately north of the site intersected limestones with interbedded sandstones and mudstones, presumably basal Carboniferous lithologies belonging to the Liscarton Formation of the Navan Group which is shown as being For inspection purposes only. present to the west ofConsent the site. of copyright No rock owner outcrop required for wasany other identified use. at the site. 63.5 Karstification. The term karstification refers to areas where surface drainage has been disrupted by underground capture due to dissolution of bedrock (normally limestone). In a broader sense, the term can refer to the presence of geomorphological features arising from dissolution of rock. No such features were identified at Ardee and a review of the GSI Karst Database indicates that there are no recorded karst features within 5km of the proposed development. The presence of thick superficial deposits and the sandstones and shales interbedded with the limestone bedrock suggest that this sequence is unlikely to develop solution features. 6.4 DO NOTHING IMPACT In the absence of the proposed development, no change to the existing soil or geological environment is anticipated. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 51 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 - i i Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo i 6.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT 652 Comtructwn Phase During the construction phase, the local soils and underlying glacial till will be excavated to facilitate installation of infrastructure related to the upgrade of the wastewater treatment plant. Potential significant impacts arising from these construction activities include: Potential contamination of the soil by leakages or accidental spillages Compaction of agricultural soils outside the proposed development footprint. Potential instability of the soil on site and within the immediate vicinity arising as a result of undercutting or underground development. Erosion of soil by surface water run-off Excavation, handling and removal of soil from the site Given the limited duration, scale and extent of these impacts the construction phase impacts on soil and geology are judged to be small. Applying the impact rating matrix in Table 6.3 for a small impact on an attribute of medium importance indicates that the overall construction impact is MINOR. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. During the operating phase, there will be a permanent loss and sealing of a small area of maintained grass beneath the footprint of the waslewater treatment plant within the boundary of the existing site. Applying the impact rating matrix in Table 6.3 for a small impact on an attribute of minor importance indicates that the overall impact of the loss of agricultural soils as a result of the proposed development is NEGLIGIBLE. 6.6 MITIGATION MEASURES t5 d Z Cumtructzon Phase Mi2zgatwiz Mitigation by A voidance Due to the necessity of the excavations proposed, it will not be possible to mitigate the temporary impacts on soil and geology arising during construction by avoidance. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft 52 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Mitigation by Reduction The footprint of all excavations should be minimised insofar as possible, having regard to requirements to safeguard the health and safety of construction personnel. Handling of excavated soils should be minimised insofar as possible. Trafficking over exposed soil surfaces should be minimised, particularly during periods of wet weather. Hardcore material should be used to form temporary hardstanding areas and temporary access roads to support HGV vehicles and wheeled plant, thereby minimising soil erosion. Temporary hardstanding surfaces and temporary access roads should be removed at the end of the construction phase. Any soil being removed off-site should be removed in a competent manner to avoid spillage on public roads and minimise dust emissions. All lorries leaving the site should pass through a wheelwash facility to minimise transport of soil onto the public road network. All excavated soil surfaces should be graded and fall to temporary collector drains in order to maximise surface water run-off and minimise soil erosion. These drains should be directed to a temporary attenuation pond to minimise suspended solids in For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. surface water prior to discharge from site. All soil stockpiles should be covered insofar as practicable. All plant should be adequately checked and maintained so as to minimise oil and fuel leakages. Mitigation by Remediation The temporary impacts on soils and underlying glacial tills resulting from construction activities can be remediated by post-construction restoration of excavations insofar as possible. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 53 I8/07/1-008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 I I I Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo liI 662 UperatwnalPhme MzZzgation Mitigation by Avoidance The loss of soil and ground sealing beneath the footprint of permanent structures and associated infrastructure will be permanent and cannot be avoided. Mitigation by Reduction The current area required for the development is considered to be the minimum necessary to facilitate the construction and operation for the proposed development. The small potential risk of future leakage from sewage pipelines will be minimised by ensuring they are designed, built and tested in accordance with recognised best construction practice and standards. Mitigation by Remediation It is not anticipated that any impact on soil and geology will arise which requires remediation during the operational phase. 6.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT A small area of maintained grass will be permanently lost as a result of the proposed development. This impact For is inspection considered purposes only.to be NEGLIGIBLE, with little or no Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. implications for adjoining sites or any other environmental medium. 6.8 MONITORING No monitoring of soil and geology is proposed. 6.9 CONCLUSION The site at Ardee is underlain by thin grassed soils overlying glacial tills derived from Carboniferous limestones. These tills are approximately 9.0m in thickness. The proposed development will require excavation of soils and glacial till for installation of infrastructure and foundations for buildings to be constructed. Much of this excavation will be restored after the construction phase, but a small area of maintained grass will be permanently lost and sealed. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 54 18/07/1008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo It has been determined that the long-term impact of the development on the soils and geology in the area will be minor. 6.10 REFERENCES B.J. McConnell, M.E. Philcox, A.G. Sleeman, G. Stanley, A.M. Flegg, E.P. Daly, & W.P. Warren, 1994. A geological description to accompany the bedrock geology 1: 100,000 Map Series. Geology of Meath, Sheet No 13. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 55 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ... Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 7.0 WATER 7.1 INTRODUCTION %A 2 Background Eugene Daly Associates (EDA), part of the CSA Group, were commissioned by Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers on behalf of Louth County Council, to assess the groundwater and surface water aspects of an Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed upgrade of the existing wastewater treatment plant at Ardee, County Louth. %A2 ReZevmt LeghZdion This report has been prepared in accordance with the Environment Protection Agency " (EPA) Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements) (2003), the Institute of Geologists in Ireland (IGI) guidelines on Geology in Environmental Impact Statements (2003), the Department of Local Government, Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Ireland DELGEPNGSI Groundwater Protection Schemes Guidelines (1 999) and European Communities (Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations (SI 293, 1988). %A3 ScheduZe of Works For inspection purposes only. Assessment of the hydrogeologyConsent of copyright wasowner undertakenrequired for any otherby use.a hydrogeologist from Eugene Daly Associates on behalf of Jennings O'Donovan. An inspection of the site and its surrounds was made on Monday 19Ih May and Thursday 22"d May 2008. Water quality analysis was undertaken by Natura Environmental Consultants in March 2008 for the flora, fauna and fisheries aspects of this EIA. Additional water samples were taken by Jennings O'Donovan Consulting Engineers on 29Ih May 2008. 7.2 METHODOLOGY A desk study was carried out to collate all relevant hydrological, geological and hydrogeological data sources on the existing environment. These data sources included : Geological Survey of Ireland geological maps 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 56 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Teagasc soil and subsoil parent material mapping GSI Karst database OPW stage and flow records for the River Dee EPA water quality data on the River Dee Ordnance survey topographical maps Report on the ground investigations undertaken for the N2 Ardee Bypass (1 99 1-1992) EPA Guidelines for the Establishment of River Basin Districts (2000) Characterisation and analysis of Ireland’s river basin districts (2005) 722 S2e Investzgations Site investigations comprised of a visit to the existing Ardee WWTP site and a local overview of the landscape, subsoil and bedrock hydrogeology as well as observations from the River Dee. Sampling to determine the physio-chemical water quality of the River Dee was undertaken by Natura Environmental Consultants as part of Section 5 (Flora, Fauna and Fisheries) of this EIA and by Jennings O’Donovan Consulting Engineers. These data are referredFor inspection to purposes and discussed only. in this section. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. z2.3 fmpact Assessment Met/wdology The preliminary impact assessment will evaluate the significance of potential impacts on groundwater identified from desk-based studies, field (walkover) surveys and existing ground investigations. This assessment is undertaken by characterising the groundwater vulnerability at the site, by determining the assimilative capacity of the River Dee and by determining the relationship between groundwater and surface water. Typical criteria to be applied as part of a groundwater characterisation are taken from the DELG/EPA/GSI Groundwater Protection Scheme Guidelines (I 999). These guidelines assess the vulnerability of the groundwater resource based on assessment of the permeability of the subsoil cover, an assessment of the groundwater resource and consideration for existing groundwater source abstractions. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 51 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 1 Jeti ti irigs 0'Dotiova ti & Part tiers Corisultitig Etigiiieers Sligo In order to determine the assimilative capacity of the River Dee, dty weather flow data and 95-percentile flow are assessed with consideration for the background physio-chemical properties of the River Dee and the required quality of the upgraded treated wastewater. Z2.4 Characteristics of the Development The development comprises the upgrade of the existing WWTP in a two-phase approach. Phase 1 of the development will be sized to accommodate a peak load of 10,000 p.e, whilst phase 2 will have a p.e. of 12,500 (by the year 2026). The development will require some demolition and minor excavation. However, significant facilities at the site, including the existing 900mm outfall will be retained. 7.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT The existing site is located approximately 1km northeast of Ardee town centre. The site borders the River Dee to the south and east. To the north it is bound by the N33 National Road, whilst agricultural land, used for grazing lies to the west. The River Dee forms the southernmost catchment of the Neagh Bann International River Basin District. There are no known significant discharges to the River Dee other than the existing discharge from the Ardee WWTP. The only known significant abstraction from the River Dee is taken upstream of Ardee to supply the town and its For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. surrounds. Z3.1 Bedrock GeoIogy There is no rock outcrop at the site. However, data is available fiom rotary core drilling that was undertaken during site investigations part of the Dunleer-Dundalk Motorway (Louth County Council, 1993) (Figure 6.1, Appendix D). The borehole logs from the drilling show the bedrock at the northern border of the site to comprise limestones with interbedded sandstones and mudstones. Assessment of the borehole logs in Section 6.3.6 (Soils and Geology) attributes these lithologies to the basal Carboniferous Liscarton Formation of the Navan Group and not the Ordovician/Silurian Clontail Formation, which comprises of calcareous red- mica greywackes, as indicated by GSI Geology Sheet 13 (Meath) (McConnell et al, 1994) (Figure 6.4, Appendix D). The contact between these two formations is likely to lie close to the site but to the north of the boreholes installed as part of the Dunleer- 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 58 I2/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ...... Jeiiiiiiigs O'Doiiovaii & Partners Corisultiiig Eiigitieers Sligo Dundalk Motorway, So that the Liscarton Formation lies to the west and south of Ardee and the Clontail Formation lies to the north and east. Z3.2 Subsoil Parent Material Teagasc subsoil parent mapping shows that the site is underlain by glacial till that were derived from Carboniferous limestones (Figure 6.3, Appendix D). Site investigations as part of the Dunleer-Dundalk Motorway include both boreholes and trial pits excavated to the north of the site boundary. These data show that the subsoil is approximately 9m thick, comprises of till with interbedded units of sand and gravel. The River Dee has developed on top of the subsoil material and with the geomorphic evolution of the land surface has eroded a trench (up to 2m deep) into the subsoil. As such, the thickness of the subsoil material is likely to be slightly thinner below the River Dee. 7.3.3 Agricultural Soils Teagasc soil mapping shows the site to be underlain by mineral alluvium and grey- brown podzolics and brown earths (Figure 6.2, Appendix D). The site visit identified that parts of the site also include made ground. The agricultural soils are likely to be moderately free draining but during heavy rainfall ponding is likely to occur. 7.3.4 Groundwater Occurrances, Aquifer Properties and Kno wn Abstractions As discussed in the geology For inspection section purposes above only. the bedrock proven below the site by Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. drilling differs from that reported by the GSI mapping. On this basis the bedrock below the site is of the Liscarton Formation and not the Clontail Formation as reported by the GSI. The contact between these two formations is likely to lie north of the WWTP, with the entire site lying on the Liscarton Formation. The Liscarton Formation is classified as a locally important aquifer that is only productive in local zones (LI). The permeability and porosity of this LI aquifer is likely to be only related to tectonic faulting and fracturing where the primary properties of the bedrock are locally increased. The primary permeability and porosity of the bedrock will be particularly low. None of the boreholes from the Dunleer- Dundalk Motorway ground investigations were completed as piezometers, and as such groundwater level data for the formation is not available. Given the setting of the Liscarton Formation below relatively thick low permeability subsoils it is anticipated that the groundwater is confined and that recharge to it is relatively low. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 59 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo The adjacent Clontail Formation is classified as being a Poor Aquifer that is only productive in local zones (Pl). There are two known wells developed in the Clontail Formation east of Ardee and both lie 2km or more from the WWTP site. Although units of sand and gravel interbeds were encountered during the trial pitting and cable percussive drilling these are considered to be minor discontinuities and isolated lenses. There are an estimated seven wells west of Ardee (alongside the River Dee) that appear to abstract from bedrock. There are also three wells northwest of Ardee at Townspark and one well at the western town limit that appears to abstract from the Liscarton Formation. All of these wells lie Ikm or more away from the Ardee '8 WWTP. The town of Ardee is on mains water supplied by the River Dee upstream of the town. There are no known private wells in use within the vicinity of the WWTP. 235 Groundwater VuherobiZ2y Groundwater vulnerability is a function of the aquifer type (fractured bedrock, sand and gravel or karst), subsoil permeability and subsoil thickness. In the case of the Ardee WWTP the aquifer is fractured bedrock, the permeability of the clayey subsoil is low and the subsoil thickness is c.7-9m. Using Table 7.1 then these quantities indicate that the groundwater has a moderate vulnerability. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Notfa: (I 1 Ni.4 = mil applicable. (2) Prtcise permeohility wlues c3iuiot he given at present. (3) Release point d'contaiiinniits is assumed to be 1.2 in klorc groiiiid adace. I Table 7.1 Vulnerability Mapping Guidelines (DELG/EPA/GSI, 1999) Given the moderate vulnerability of the groundwater in the bedrock aquifer at the site then the corresponding risk response as shown in Table 7.2, is that the development is acceptable, subject to conditions. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - 13rafi 60 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Four levels of response (R) to the risk of a potentially polluting activity are proposed: R1 Acceptable subject to normal good practice. R2 Acceptable in principle, subject to conditions R3 Not acceptable in principle; some exceptions may be allowed subject to conditions R4 Not acceptable. Table 7.2 Response matrix for groundwater reposnse matrix (DELG/EPAfGSI, 1999) 2736 Chmate Meteorological Service records show that average rainfall in the catchment area is likely to be about 860mm/a (Fitzgerald & Forrestal, 1996). The potential evapotranspiration for the area is likely to be about 490mda (Agmet, 1996). The actual evapotranspiration is taken to be 440mm/a, therefore effective rainfall will be around 420da. In 2008 winter and spring rainfall has been below average whilst summer rainfall has been above average. March 2008 had moderate rainfall, whilst April and May were below normal. It is against this background that the investigations were carried out. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any othera use. The expected rainfall amounts in the area, for I-hour duration and a two-day duration with a return period of 5 years, are 16mm and 60mm, respectively. %37 Surjace Water Hydrohgy The River Dee has its catchment in northern Meath and central Louth. It drains into the Irish Sea at Annagassan after its confluence with the River Glyde. The River Dee has two continuous water level recorders at Burley Bridge and Charleville weir. Both recorders are operated by the Office of Public Works (OPW). Daily discharge data is available from Burley Bridge for the period 1972 to 1999, whilst daily data for Charleville Weir is available for the period 1975 to 2004. However, the data from Burley Bridge has significant gaps in the low flow dataset, which causes the discharge estimations to overestimate the average river flows. The gauging station at Burley Bridge is located 4Skm upstream from Ardee and measures 176km' of the River Dee catchment. Charleville weir is located 13km downstream from Ardee and measures 307km2 of the Dee catchment. The catchment 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 61 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ... Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo of the River Dee to the wastewater treatment works at Ardee is estimated to be approximately 253km’. The long-term average runoff for this river at Charleville weir is 4.3327m3/s (OPW). Based upon the estimated catchment at the Ardee WWTP (and assuming uniform unit area runoff) the estimated long-term average runoff for the River Dee at the Ardee WWTP is 3.37m3/s. Estimates of the Dry Weather Flow’ (DWF) and 95-percentile flow’ were obtained from the available OPW data. At Charleville weir the DWF and the 95-percentile flow are of the order of 200 Vs and 410 Us, respectively. For the 253km2 catchment at the Ardee WWTP the DWF and 95-percentile flow are estimated to be 165 I/s and 338 Us, respectively. These values are used to calculate the impact of the proposed development on water quality in the River Dee (see later in this chapter, section 7.5.2). 23 8 Surface Water Qua& The analyses of river water samples and existing effluent discharge to the River Dee are available at a number of locations. The results and interpretation of the work carried out by the EPA up to 2003 has been published (EPA, 2004). The biological data are presented in Section 5 of this EIA (Table 5.5). EPA chemical data for the River Dee is available for 2001-2003 for both Dawson’s (foot)bridge, Ardee (upstream of the WWTP) and 150m downstream from the old railway bridge (downstream of the WWTP). These data are presented in Table 7.3 and Table 7.4. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Recent sampling of the River Dee upstream and downstream of the WWTP and from the treated wastewater outfall has been undertaken by Jennings O’Donovan. The results are given below in Table 7.5. The locations of these sampling points are shown in Figure 7.1. Colour Hazen 45 Ortho-Phosphate mg/l P 0.04 Oxidised Nitrogen mg/l N 3.1 . PH 7.8 Temperature “C 5.0 Total Ammonia mg/l N 0.07 ’ Dry Weather Flow, the minimum flow that might be expected to occur once in 50 years and used to calculate waste assimilative capacity of rivers for toxic and dangerous substances. ’ 95 percentile flow, that flow which is equalled or exceeded for 95% of the time and used to calculate waste assimilative capacity of rivers for organic wastes and wastes not considered to be toxic and dangerous. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 62 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Parameter Units Minimum Median Maximum No of Samples B.0.D mg/l O2 1.1 1.4 3.0 20 Chl or i de mg/l Cl 17 20 35 23 Colour Hazen 20 35 81 20 Ortho-PhosDhate mdl P ~0.02 0.04 0.23 23 Oxidised Nitrogen mg/l N 1.6 3.0 5.1 23 PH 7.6 8.0 8.2 20 Temperature "C 5.0 9.0 18.0 20 Total Ammonia mg/l N <0.03 0.06 1.53 23 Parameter Units SWlu SWld Salmonidwater Standard (SI 293 1988) pH pH units 8.19 [ 7.99 6-9 Nitrite Total Ammonia I mdl N I 4.02 * This parameter is excluded from the retlulations. A standard of 0.15m e/lP (95%), is (iften used in the Republic's waters. SWlu: Upstream of WWTP outfall SWld:bo\;nstream of WWTP outfall Table 7.5 Selected physio-chemical For inspection data purposes from only. samples taken by Jennings O'Donovan on Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 28/05/08 _- Biological quality ratings, of the River Dee, are available for 1983 to 2003 for EPA I;, Station 0680 (Dawson's Bridge, upstream of the WWTP) and 1990 to 2003 for Station 0710 (Old railway Bridge, downstream of the WWTP) (EPA, 2004). The ratings indicate a reduction in water quality, upstream of the WWTP from unpolluted (Biotic Index 44) in 1990 to slightly polluted (Q3-4) in 1994. Subsequently the water quality improved to unpolluted in 2000, returning to slightly polluted in 2003. The rating for the station downstream of Ardee WWTP was classified as unpolluted (Q4) in 1990. In 1994 the water quality reduced to moderately polluted (Q3-4). In 2003 the EPA classified the biological water quality as moderately polluted (Q3). Jennings O'Donovan carried out water sampling on the River Dee on the 28th May 2008. Although a flow measurement was not undertaken at the time, estimations based on the historical OPW dataset for Charleville weir and the significantly below 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 63 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo average rainfall record for April and May 2008 indicate that flow in the River Dee was likely to be at or close to the 95-percentile. STANDARDS In considering the surface water quality of the River Dee it is useful to keep in mind the standards normally applied to effluent discharges and receiving waters in the Republic of Ireland. In the Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations (S.I. No. 254 of 2001) a minimum reduction of 70-90% or concentration of 25mg/l O2 is required for the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the treated wastewater. For COD the required standard for treated wastewater is a minimum reduction of 75% or I25mg/l O2and for suspended solids (SS) the required standard is a 90% reduction or 35mg/l. The required standard for total phosphorus is an 80% reduction or 2mg/l for a WWTP with a p.e. of 10,000- 100,000. For total nitrogen the required standard is a 70-80% reduction or 15mg/l for a WWTP with a p.e. of 10,000- 100,000. The standard limit value for BOD in salmonid waters as specified in the European Communities (Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations (SI 293 of 1988) is 5mg/l. A standard of 6mg/I has been set for cyprinid waters. However, it is current practice to set limits of 4mg/l (salmonid) and 5mdl (cyprinid) for the purpose of calculating the waste assimilation capacity of receiving waters. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The River Dee is not classified as ‘Salmonid Waters’ but due to the fact that it is a popular fishing river and contains stocks of wild brown trout with salmon and sea trout fishing on its lower reaches, it is recommended that the Salmonid regulations be applied to the water quality in the River Dee. %39 Recharge and Run& Groundwater and xurface water znteractiofz The hydrochemistry from two sampling stations (WSI and WS2) on the River Dee adjacent to the WWTP is presented in Section 5.3.6 (Flaura, Fauna and Fisheries) Table 5.7. The hardness (308mg/l and 277mg/l), conductivity (0.584 ms/cm and 0.585 ms/cm), pH (8.09 and 8.02), alkalinity (286mdl and 260mg/l) and soluble sulphate (38mg/l and 35mg/l) are typical parameter values for surface water draining over a limestone till. Across its catchment the river receives a contribution from groundwater that i maintains baseflow conditions throughout the summer months when there are often 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 64 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo long periods of soil moisture deficit and zero recharge. In order to estimate the groundwater contribution to the River Dee, hydrometric data was obtained from the office of Public Works (OPW). There are two gauging stations operated by the OPW on the River Dee at Burley Bridge and Charleville weir. The hydrometric data for the Charleville weir gauge shows that the River is moderately flashy, responding reasonably quickly to rainfall events but with a significant groundwater contribution. Using the Institute of Hydrology (IoH) baseflow estimation the dataset indicates that approximately 25% of the total river flow is baseflow, which equates to an annual average baseflow rate of 1.0m3/s at Charleville weir. For the data set the lowest flow in the River Dee is recorded at 0.2m3/s. Considering that Charleville weir lies c. 13km downstream of Adree, these baseflow data will be slightly lower for the Dee as it passes the WWTP. The data indicates that groundwater flow has a low to moderate contibution to baseflow to the Dee catchment. Based on these data approximately 75% of effective rainfall will runoff to surface waters, whilst 25% will recharge groundwater. Given that the annual effective rainfall for the Dee catchment is calculated to be 420mm then recharge is estimated at 105mm per annum. These data are an average of the whole catchment. However, they are in keeping with the expected recharge coefficient for the boulder clay subsoils that dominate the Ardee area. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 7.4 DO NOTHING IMPACT The existing wastewater treatment plant is operating within its capacity. However, with increasing connections to the sewer system the facility will reach capacity. If the facility exceeds capacity, then the wastewater will not be treated to an acceptable standard prior to discharge. At low flows in the River Dee there will be a significant deterioration in water quality, as the waste assimilation capacity of the river will be exceeded. The ‘do nothing impact’ is not acceptable. 7.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT The scale of potential impacts from the proposed development has been assessed on the basis of Impact Significance. Impacts are predicted based upon the construction phase and operational phase of the development. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Drah 65 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo %XI Coizstructioi.Phase The proposed development has two construction phases. Firstly, as the capacity of the plant is brought up to 10,000 p.e and subsequently as it is increased to 12,500 p.e. Both construction phases will require excavations, reconstruction of existing plant & pipeworks, installation of new plant and pipeworks (including new storm drain) and vehicular plant movements. Potential significant impacts arising from these construction activities include: Potential contamination of groundwater by plant leakages during the decommissioning of stormwater holding tank, sludge holding tank and inlet chamber. Potential contamination of groundwater by plant vehicle fuel/oil spillages andor leakages. Thinning of the subsoil thickness by excavation as part of the construction phase thereby leading to increased vulnerability of the L1 bedrock aquifer. Changes to the runoffhecharge regime due to stripping of vegetation and installation of hardstanding areas. Potential increase in suspended solids due to runoff from the site For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Potential contamination of the River Dee due to fuel leaks/spills Given the limited construction phase duration and the limited extent of the works the impact on the groundwater and surface water quality is deemed to be minor on the condition that mitigation measures are adhered to. 732 UperatioizalPhase Groundwater During the operational phase of the WWTP there is a potential risk to groundwater by leakages from plant and pipework and also from accidental spillages of fuel or chemicals used on the site. Provided that mitigation measures designed to prevent possible leakages are adhered to, the proposed scheme will have no negative impact on groundwater during the ! operational phase. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 66 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Surface Water The proposed upgraded WWTP is designed to give a final treated wastewater volume of 225 m'/day (average flow of 2.6 I/s) at a quality of IO mg/l BOD, 10 mg/l suspended solids and 1 mg/l total phosphorus (as P). The data and calculations detailed below are used to determine the assimilative capacity of the River Dee with respect to the final treated wastewater quality. Flow and Discharge The 95-percentile flow on the River Dee at the Ardee WWTP is estimated to be 338 Us. The design outflow for the proposed treatment plant is 2.604 Us. This results in a dilution factor of 130, which is satisfactory. In Dry Weather Flow conditions the flow in the River Dee is estimated to be about 165 Us. In this instance the dilution factor is 63, which again is satisfactory. Low flows such as these are rare and occur for relatively short periods. BOD Assessment The BOD value from the EPA dataset and sampling undertaken as part of this project upstream of the proposed treatment plant is 1.4mg/l. The samples taken by Jennings O'Donovan (28/05/08) are representative of low flow conditions and showed similar results for BOD. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The impact of the final effluent, from the proposed development, on the BOD concentrations of the receiving waters may be calculated using the mass balance equation: F95 x Cr + Fe x Ce T95 = F95 + Fe where: F95 Q95% flow in the river (I/s) Fe effluent discharge volume (Us) Cr BOD concentration in the river upstream of the discharge (mg/l) i Ce BOD concentration of the effluent (mg/l) 4183 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 61 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ...... ---- .-- Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo A BOD concentration for the receiving waters, at the 95-percentile flow, of 1.466mg/l was obtained using this formula, i.e., an increase of 0.066mg/l. As was stated above, for the purposes of calculating the waste assimilation capacity (WAC) a maximum value of 4 mg/l BOD, is allowed for salmonid receiving waters and 5 mg/l for cyprinid receiving waters. A further criterion, i.e., of not raising the BOD of the receiving waters by more than I mg/l downstream (outside the mixing zone) of an effluent discharge is also commonly used. The proposed development meets both of these criteria for BOD assimilation. Suspended Solids Assessment The suspended solids value from the sampling undertaken as part of this project upstream (and also downstream) of the proposed treatment plant is 2mg/l. These samples taken by Jennings O’Donovan (28/05/08) are representative of low flow. The impact of the final effluent, from the proposed development, on the suspended solids concentrations of the receiving waters may be calculated using the mass balance equation (1 ) where : For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Cr Suspended solids concentration in the river upstream of the discharge location (mg/l) Ce Suspended solids concentration of the effluent (mg/l) A suspended solids concentration for the receiving waters, at 95% flow, of 2.06 mg/l was obtained using this formula, i.e., an increase of 0.06mg/l. The proposed development meets this criterion for suspended solids assimilation. Total Phosphorus Assessment The total phosphorus value from the sampling undertaken as part of this project upstream is <0.02mg/l upstream of the WWTP. This sample taken by Jennings O’Donovan (28/05/08) is representative of low flow. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 68 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 .. - - - ...... Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo The impact of the final effluent, from the proposed development, on the total phosphorus concentrations of the receiving waters may be calculated using the mass balance equation (1) where : Cr Total phosphorus concentration in the river upstream of the discharge location (mg/l) Ce Total phosphorus concentration of the effluent (mg/l) Based on these formulae (assuming a value of 0.02mgA for the determinant <0.02mg/l total phosphorus) then the total phosphorus concentration for the receiving waters, at 95% flow, is calculated to be 0.027mg/l, i.e., an increase of 0.007mg/l. The proposed development meets this criterion for total phosphorus assimilation. 7.6 MITIGATION MEASURES % 61 Coizstruction Phme Mazgatio/z Mitigation by Avoidance A water management plan will be implemented that protects surface water and groundwater from contamination, these shall include: For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Avoiding the use of machinery in the river bed where possible. Ensuring that all machinery is mechanically sound to prevent leakages of fuels, oils and chemicals. If fuels, oils and chemicals are to be stored on site they should be done so in accordance with best practice. Refueling and maintenance work should be done away from the watercourse in appropriately contained area. All foul drainage from the site office will be contained and disposed of in an appropriate manner. Any dewatering and run-off will be controlled and treated to ensure there is no contamination into the River Dee. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 69 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo A pollution emergency contingency plan will be developed to identify actions to be taken in the event of an incident. Mixer washings and excess concrete will not be discharged to water. Concrete washout areas should be located well away from the river banks. Mitigation by Reduction Excavation depth should be maintained to the required minimum so that the vulnerability of the bedrock aquifer is not unnecessarily reduced. Decommissioning of plant should be undertaken in a manner to reduce the risk of any spillages contaminating soil and subsoil. i All plant should be adequately checked and maintained so as to minimise oil and fuel leakages. Trafficking of vehicles over soil and subsoil surfaces should be kept to a minimum to reduce the risk of leaks or spills contaminating groundwater. If possible any vehicle repairs should not be undertaken on site, especially over exposed soil or subsoil. Hardstanding areas should be kept to a minimum in order to maintain recharge to the For inspection purposes only. aquifer. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Mitigation by Remediation All excavations shall be either filled with appropriate material or sealed so as to prevent contamination of groundwaters. Any soil or subsoil found to be contaminated either as part of the historical operation of the plant or as a consequence of the construction of the proposed upgrade should be removed from site and disposed of in an appropriately licensed facility. %dZ OperatioizafP/me MiZigatihn Mitigation by A voidance Operation of the WWTP will require a high level of maintenance and checkups on the integrity of all pipes, lines, junctions and seals so as to avoid contamination of I groundwater and surface water by leakages. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 70 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo The volume and chemical properties of the treated wastewater will be monitored regularly to ensure that the set standards are not exceeded and that there will be no negative effect on the River Dee. Mitigation by Reduction The proposed plant and infrastructure are the minimum necessary to facilitate the operation of the proposed development. The risk of groundwater contamination can be reduced by ensuring that all sewage pipelines and tanks are constructed and tested to the appropriate standards. Any fuel and/or chemicals stored on the site should be stored appropriately and a spill kit be maintained on site. Vehicle movements close to the River Dee should be kept to a minimum. Mitigation by Remediatioit Any spills or leaks that occur during the operation of the WWTP should be contained. If soil or subsoils become contaminated they should be removed and disposed of at an appropriately licensed facility. Any soil or subsoil removed should be replaced with material of similar properties. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 7.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT Provided that the mitigation measures designed to prevent groundwater contamination are adhered to there will be no negative impact on groundwater. 7.8 MONITORING No groundwater monitoring is proposed for this development. The Surface water quality monitoring should be undertaken as per the fifth schedule of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations (SI 254 of 2001). Based on the capacity of the WWTP monitoring should be updertaken from the outfall on a monthly basis and forwarded to an appropriately accredited laboratory for the analysis of: BOD COD ~~ 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Drati 71 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Total Suspended Solids Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen As per the Wastewater Discharge (Authorisation) Regulations (SI 684 of 2007) the discharge volume requires monitoring and sampling points need to be identified. It is advised that the discharge volume from the WWTP is monitored by a weidflume and that the existing monitoring schedule is maintained on the River Dee downstream of the WWTP at the Old Rail way Bridge. 7.9 CONCLUSION The estimated Dry Weather Flow and 95-percentile values for the River Dee at the Ardee WWTP are 165Vs and 338Vs respectively. The proposed upgrade to the development is designed to give a final effluent quality of IOmg/l BOD, IOmg/l suspended solids and Inig/l total phosphorus. Based on dilution rates this will increase the BOD concentration by 0.066mg/l, suspended solids by 0.06mgA and total phosphorus by 0.007mg/l at the 95-percentile flow. Based upon these calculations the discharge from the WWTP the River Dee has the assimilative capacity to receive the treated wastewater from the WWTP. The proposed development For willinspection require purposes excavations only. that will temporarily increase the Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. vulnerability of the bedrock aquifer. However, these excavations will be backfilled and sealed after completion. As such, there will be no negative effect on groundwater quality. During the construction and operational phases of the development specific mitigation measures shall be employed to reduce the risk of surface water and groundwater contamination. With these appropriate mitigation measures in place there will be no long-term negative impacts to either surface water or groundwater. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 77 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo i 7.10 REFERENCES B.J.McConnell, M.E. Philcox, A.G. Sleeman, G. Stanley, A.M. Flegg, E.P. Daly, & W.P. Warren, 1994. A geological description to accompany the bedrock geology 1: 100,000 Map Series. Geology of Meath, Sheet No 13. Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin. Louth County Council, 1993. Dunleer-Dundalk Motorway Project. Report on Site Investigation. Agmet, 1996. Collins & Cummins Ed. Agroclimatic Atlas of Ireland. Fitzgerald & Forrestal, 1996. Monthly and annual averages of rainfall for Ireland Q 1961- 1990. Meteorological4ervice. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Drafi 13 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ~ ...... -...... Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 8.0 AIR QUALITY 8.1 INTRODUCTION Odour Monitoring Ireland were commissioned to undertake a baseline air quality survey in order to assess the potential impact to air quality from the proposed upgrade to Ardee wastewater treatment plant. This study identifies, describes and assesses the baseline air quality and assess the impact of the proposed development. A desktop and monitoring baseline air quality assessment was carried out in May 2008 in the vicinity of the existing WWTP. The purpose of this survey was to identify existing pollutant trends in the vicinity of the existing development and to assess the potential impact of the proposed development. This will establish sufficient spatial information in order to determine compliance with relevant ambient air quality legislation. Additionally, comparison with longer period limit values can be used to establish trends and are important in defining baseline air quality. This section should be read in conjunction with the site layout plans for the site. 6: L I Study methodobgy-A ssessment Crz2eria The EU has introduced several measures to address the issue of air quality management. In 1996, Environmental Ministers agreed a Framework Directive on For inspection purposes only. ambient air quality assessmentConsent of copyright and owner management required for any (Councilother use. Directive 96/62/EC). As part of the measures to improve air quality, the European Commission has adopted proposals for legislation under Directive 96/62/EC. The first of these directives to be enacted, 1999/3OEC, has set limit values which replaced existing limit values under Directives 80/779/EEC, 82/884/EEC and 85/203/EEC in April 2001. The new directive, as relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, lead, PMlo and nitrogen dioxide, is detailed in Table 8.1 EU Council Directive 2000/69/EC defines limit values for both carbon monoxide and benzene in ambient air and is presented in Table 8.2. The National Air Quality Standards Regulations 2002 (S.I. No. 271 of 2002) transpose those parts of the “Framework” Directive 92/30/EC on ambient air quality assessment and management not transposed by Environment Protection Agency Act 1992 (Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management) Regulations 1999 (S.I.No. 33 of 1999). The 2002 Regulations also transpose, in full, the 1‘‘ two “Daughter” i Directives I999/30/EC relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 74 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 ...... _...... Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air and 2000/69/EC relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4383 Arclee WWTP EIS - Draft 7s 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo - Regulation Limit Type Margin of Tolerance - 50% until 2001 reducing Hourly limit for linearly to 0% by 201 0 for protection of 199130lEC human health - 40% from the date of entry 2003 not to be into force of these Regulations, reducing on 1 pglm exceeded more January 2003 and every NOz than 18 12 months thereafter by equal annual percentages timeslyear-1 hour to reach 0% by 1 January average 2010 for SI 271 2002 1999130lEC 50% until 2001 reducing SI 271 of 2002 linearly to 0% by 2010 for 1999130lEC Annual limit for 40% from the date of entry protection of into force of these 40 pg/m3 human health- Regulations, reducing on 1 NO;! Annual January 2003 and every 12 months thereafter by equal annual percentages to reach 0% by 1 January 2010 for SI 271 2002 Annual limit for 30 pglm’ None protection of NO + vegetation-Annual NO;! Annual limit for protection of 100% until 2001 reducing 1999/30/EC For inspectionhuman purposes health- only. 0.5 pg/m3 Consent of copyright owner required for any otherlinearly use. to 0% by 2005 Annual average 43% until 2001 reducing linearly until 0% by 2005 Hourly limit for for 199130lEC protection of human health - 90 pg/rn3from the date of not to be entry into force of these 350 exceeded more Regulations, reducing on 1 Pg/m3 than 24 January 2003 and every timesly ear- l hour 12 months thereafter by average 30 kglm3 to reach 0 kg/m3 1999130lEC by 1 January 2005 for SI 271 of 2002 SI 271 of 2002 Daily limit for protection of human health - 125 not to be None exceeded more P9/m3 than 3 timeslyear- 24hr average Annual &Winter limit for the protection of None 20 ~g/rn~ ecosystems- Annual h and EU Ambient Air Standard (SI 271 of 2002 and 1 9/30/EC1. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 76 I8/07/?008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 50% until 2001 reducing linearly to 0% by 2005 for 1999130lEC 24-hour limit for protection of 30% from the date of entry human health - not into force of these 50 pg/m3 to be exceeded Regulations, reducing on 1 PMio more than 35 January 2003 and every 12 times/year-24 hour months thereafter by equal average annual percentages to Particulate reach 0% by 1 January 1999130lEC Matter 2005 for SI 271 of 2002 SI 271 of 2002 20% until 2001 reducing Stage 1 linearly to 0% by 2005 for 1999130lEC Annual limit for 12% from the date of entry protection of into force of these 40 pglm3 human health- Regulations, reducing on 1 PMto Annual January 2003 and every 12 moths thereafter by equal annual percentages to reach 0% by 1 January 2005 To be derived from data and to be equivalent to Stage 1 limit value for 24-hour limit for 1999130lEC protection of human health - not Not to be exceeded more kglm3 to be exceeded than 28 times by 1 January 50 Particulate PMio 1999130iEC more than 7 2006,21 times by 1 Matter timeslyear-24 hour January 2007, 14 times by SI 271 of 2002 average 1 January 2008,7 times by Stage 2 1 January 2009 and zero times bv 1 Januarv 2010 for SI 271 6f 2002 ~ For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyrightAnnual owner limit required for for any50% other untiluse. 2005 reducing protection of linearly to 0% by 2010 tor 20 pgim3 human health- 1999/30/EC and SI 271 of PMio Annual 2002~.__ Table 8.1 continued. Irish and EU Ambient Air Standard (SI 271 2002 and 1999/30/EC). 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 77 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Pollutant Re ulation LirnitType I Margin of Tolerance Value 1 100°/o until 2003 reducing linearly to 0% by 201 0 for I 2000/69/EC 2000/69/EC Annual limit for 100% from the date of entry 7Benzene protection of 5 pg/m3 into force of these Regulations, SI 271 of 2002 hum an health reducing on 1 January 2006 and every 12 months thereafter by 1 pg/m3 to reach 0 pg/m3 by I 1" January 2010 50% until 2003 reducing linearly to 0% by 2005 for 2000/69/EC 8-hour limit (on a 2000169lEC Carbon rolling basis) for 6 mg/m3 from the date of entry 10 Monoxide protection of into force of these Regulations, mg/m3 SI 271 of 2002 hum an health reducing on 1" January 2003 and every 12 months thereafter by 2 mg/m3to reach 0 ms/m3 I by 1" January 2005 Table 8.2. Irish and EU Amt !nt Air Standard (SI 271 of 2002 and 2000/69/EC). 8.2 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT a/ Generaf The upgraded WWTP structures are likely to range in height from a maximum 6 m high and be similar in size and form to the existing on site structures. To the south of the site a system of aerobic and clarifier tanks are proposed in an area of land, which is currently grassed. The site For inspection is relatively purposes flatonly. with sloping banks around the edge of Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. the treatment plant. A total of 17 sample locations were chosen to represent the baseline air quality for named parameters in the vicinity of the proposed development(s). These locations are listed in Table 8.3 and presented in Figure 8.1. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 78 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Monitoring X coordinate Y coordinate Description of monitoring Locations (ml.I (m\,I A1 297275 290881 H2S and Odour sniff survey A2 297281 29091 4 H2S and Odour sniff survey A3 297257 290925 H2S and Odour sniff survey A4 297237 290926 H2S and Odour sniff survev A1 4 297272 290860 H2S and Odour sniff survey A1 5 297267 290881 H2S, Odour sniff survey, GCMS A1 6 297199 290874 H2S. Odour sniff survev. GCMS As a result of the existing site conditions and the potential for traffic, residential and amenity-derived pollution, the following parameters were analysed from data generated in EPA monitoring reports: Benzene and Toluene baseline results Benzene, Toluene and other For inspectionaromatic/alkanes purposes only. are most likely derived from petrol Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. driven vehicle exhausts. Heavier semi-volatile organic compounds are frequently derived from diesel-powered engines. Benzene is a known carcinogen, poisonous by inhalation and a severe eye and moderate skin irritant. Existing baseline-monitoring data from EPA monitoring sites in 2006 were used for assessment of baseline Benzene and Toluene air quality. The EPA monitoring location and results are presented in Table 8.4. 0 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 79 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 .- ..- .. - - ...... Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo ! Toluene Mean Benzene Mean $ourly hourly - Location - value (pg/m ) (CIg/m3) EPA - Bray 2006’ 0.30 (Annual mean) I EPA - Ennis 20063 1 0.60 (Annual mean) I I EPA - Carlow Town 2004 to 2005‘1 0.40 1SO ~ . I - I .. -- I Table 8.4. Average Benzene and Toluene concentrations from EPA continuous monitoring in Year 2006 for Ennis and Bray and year period 2004 to 2005 for Carlow town. Notes: ’ denotes Irish and EU Ambient Air Standard (SI 271 of 2002 and 1999/30/EC); ’ denotes No specific ambient air limits. Rule of thumb is using 1/40rhof the 8-hour Occupational Exposure Limit as stated in the National Authority for Occupational Safety and Health 2002 “Code of Practice for the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations”. denotes Air Quality in Ireland Monitoring Report, 2006 and Air Quality monitoring report Carlow 2004 to 2005. The results illustrated in Table 8.4 for Benzene and Toluene from EPA monitoring stations located in similar suburban environments are all in compliance with Irish and For inspection purposes only. EU limit values (i.e.Consent SI 271 of copyright of 2002 owner andrequired EU for anyDirective other use. 2000/69/EC) for Benzene. Average Benzene concentrations are up to 88% lower than the Irish and EU directive limit values. The rule of thumb for guidelines for ambient air quality of volatile organic compounds without legislative limit values is using 1/40thof the 8-hour Occupational Exposure Limit as stated in the National Authority for Occupational Safety and Health 2002 “Code of Practice for the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations”. Toluene is well within its respective fractional exposure limit value. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 80 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Nitrogen dioxides (NOz) Nitrogen is a constituent of both the natural atmosphere and of the biosphere. When industrial metabolism releases nitrogen to the environment it is considered a "pollutant" because of its chemical form: NO, N02, and N20. These oxides of nitrogen can be toxic to humans, to biota, and they also perturb the chemistry of the global atmosphere. In the transportation sector, the NOx emissions result from internal combustion engines. In power plants and industrial sources, NOx is produced in boilers. The overwhelming fraction of nitrogen oxide emissions arises from the high temperature combustion of fossil fuels; emissions from metal-processing plants and open-air burning of biomass are insignificant. Nitrogen dioxide is classed as both a primary pollulant and a secondary pollutant. As a primary pollutant NO2 is emitted from all combustion processes (such as a gadoil fired boiler or a car engine). Potentially, the main sources of primary NOz for the proposed development will be from vehicle exhausts. As a secondary pollutant NO2 is derived from atmospheric reactions of pollutants that are themselves, derived mainly from traffic sources (e.g. volatile organic compounds). Secondary pollution is usually derived from regional sources and may be used as an indicator of general air quality in the region. Nitrogen dioxide has been shown to reduce the pulmonary function of the lungs. Long-term exposure to high For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. concentrations of NO2 can cause a range of effects, primarily in the lungs, but also in the liver and blood. Existing baseline-monitoring data from EPA monitoring sites in 2006 were used for assessment of baseline NO1 air quality. The EPA monitoring location and results are presented in Table 8.5. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 81 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Average NO2conc. Location Sampling Period (C1g/m3) EPA - Bray 2006 Annual average’ 16 I I 2006 I EPA - Ennis 2006 Annual average’ 2006 12 EPA - Carlow Town 2004 to 2005’ 2004 to 2005 15.80 I EPA - Bray 2006 Max hourly value’ 1 2006 1 146 I EPA - Ennis 2006 Max hourly value’ 2006 104 EPA - Carlow Town 2004 to 2005 Max 2o04 to 2o05 90.50 I Limit value-Annual averaae I I 40 I I Limit value 1 hour averaae I I 200 I Table 8.5. Average NOz concentrations from EPA continuous monitoring in Year 2006 for Ennis and Bray and year period 2004 to 2005 for Carlow town. -Notes: ’ denotes Air Quality in Ireland Monitoring Report, 2006-and Air quality monitoring in Carlow Town, 2004 to 2005. The dominant source of NO2 in Ireland is from motor vehicle exhausts and the burnershoiler of space heating of local light industry and business units. The measured concentrations of NO? at reference monitoring locations are within the Irish and EU Ambient Air Standards. Values are up to 20% and 27% lower for the Annual mean and hourly max limit value. For inspection purposes only. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas, about 2.50 times as heavy as air, with a suffocating faint sweet odour. Sulphur dioxide occurs in volcanic gases and thus traces of sulphur dioxide are present in the atmosphere. Other sources of sulphur dioxide include smelters and utilities, electrical generation, iron and steel mills, petroleum refineries, pulp and paper mills, metallurgical processes, chemical processes and the combustion of the iron pyrites, which are contained in coal. Small sources include residential, commercial and industrial space heating. SO2 can be oxidised to sulphur trioxide, which in the presence of water vapour is readily transformed to sulphuric acid mist. SO2 is a precursor to sulphates, which are one of the main components of respirable particles in the atmosphere. Health effects caused by exposure to high levels of SO2 include breathing problems, respiratory illness, changes in the lung’s defences, and worsening respiratory and cardiovascular disease. People with asthma or chronic lung or heart disease are the most sensitive to 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 82 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo SO2. It also damages trees and crops. SO?, along with nitrogen oxides, are the main precursors of acid rain. This contributes to the acidification of lakes and streams, accelerated corrosion of buildings and reduced visibility. SO:! also causes formation of microscopic acid aerosols, which have serious health implications as well as contributing to climate change. Existing baseline-monitoring data from EPA monitoring sites in 2006 were used for assessment of baseline SO2 air quality. The EPA monitoring location and results are presented in Table 8.6. Average NO2 conc. Location Sampling Period fua/m3) EPA - Bray 2006 Annual average‘ 2006 3.0 EPA - Ennis 2006 Annual average’ 2006 9.0 EPA - Carlow Town 2004 to 2005’ 2004 to 2005 4.70 EPA - Bray 2006 Max hourly value’ 2006 35 EPA - Ennis 2006 Max hourly value’ 2006 79 EPA - Carlow Town 2004 to 2005 Max 2o04 to 48.40 hniirlv. . - - . . valiie’. -. - - Limit value-Annual average 20 Limit value 1 hour average 350 Limit value 24 hour average 125 I For inspection purposes only. Notes: denotes AirConsent Quality of copyright in Irelandowner required Monitoring for any other use. Report, 2006-and Air quality monitoring in Carlow Town, 2004 to 2005. The dominant source of SOz in Ireland is from motor vehicle exhausts and the burnershoiler of space heating of local light industry and business units. The measured concentrations of SO? at reference monitoring locations are within the Irish and EU Ambient Air Standards. Values are up to 55% and 77% lower for the Annual mean and hourly max limit value. Carbon monoxide (CO) Carbon monoxide is produced as a result of incomplete burning of carbon-containing fuels including coal, wood, charcoal, natural gas, and fuel oil. It can be emitted by 9 combustion sources such as un-vented kerosene and gas heaters, furnaces, woodstoves, gas stoves, fireplaces and water heaters, automobile exhaust from ! attached garages, and tobacco smoke. Carbon monoxide interferes with the 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 83 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 .- ...... Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo distribution of oxygen in the blood to the rest of the body. Depending on the amount inhaled, this gas can impede coordination, worsen cardiovascular conditions, and produce fatigue, headache, weakness, confusion, disorientation, nausea, and dizziness. Very high levels can cause death. The symptoms are sometimes confused with the flu or food poisoning. Foetuses, infants, elderly, and people with heart and respiratory illnesses are particularly at high risk for the adverse health effects of carbon monoxide. Existing baseline monitoring data from EPA monitoring sites was used for assessment of baseline Carbon monoxide air quality. The EPA monitoring location and results are presented in Table 8.7. Ambient CO conc. Location Sampling Period (mglm3) EPA - Annual mean - Wexford' 2006 0.50 EPA -Annual mean - Brav' 2006 0.30 I Limit value-8 hour averaae' I I 10 I Table 8.7. Average ambient baseline CO concentrations for Wexford and Bray monitoring stations. Notes: ' denotes Air Quality in Ireland Monitoring Report, 2006, *denotes Irish and EU ambient air standard (SI 271 of 2002 and 2000/69/EC) as an 8 hour running average; For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. CO monitoring is also, very limited in Ireland. Data sets developed by the EPA indicate 8 hour running average CO levels of between 0.10 and 0.80mg m-3 for 8 hour rolling averages, respectively for urban areas in Ireland. The dominant source of CO in this area would appear to be vehicle emissions, boilers (i.e. Home heating and Industrial heating), industrial processes and construction activities. The CO emissions measured in Wexford and Bray would be considered worst case in comparison to the proposed site location. CO emissions are on average 78% lower than Irish and EU ambient air limit values, which would be considered worst case in terms of exposure for the area. Particulate matter (PMd Major sources of particulates include industrial/residential combustion and processing, energy generation, vehicular emissions and construction projects. The I ! particulate matter created by these processes is responsible for many adverse 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 84 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:23 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo environmental conditions including reduced visibility, contamination and soiling, but also recognised as a contributory factor to many respiratory medical conditions such as asthma, bronchitis and lung cancer. PMlo (Particulate Matter IO) refers to particulate matter with an aerodynamically diameter of IO ym. Generally, such particulate matter remains in the air due to low deposition rates. It is the main particulate matter of concern in Europe and has existing air quality limits. In order to obtain a baseline PMlo for the proposed work area, EPA baseline data was interpreted. Sampling- AmbientPM,,onc Location Period (Km3) EPA Teasured conc. -Galway, annual mean 2006 value 17 EPA Teasured conc. - Dundalk, mean daily 2002 value 20.30 Limit Value at 98.O7lnpercentile 50‘, Limit Value-annual mean Stage 1 40 Limit value-annual mean Stage 2 I 20j Notes: ‘denotes Irish and EU ambient air standard (SI 27 1 of 2002 and 1999/30/EC) as a 24-hour average; ’denotes maximum number of exceedence 7 times in a one-year period; For inspection purposes only. denotes annual limitConsent value of copyrightfor Stage owner 2 requiredguideline for any implementation other use. 2010; 4 denotes Air quality in Ireland Monitoring Report Galway, 2006 and Air quality in Ireland Monitoring Report Dundalk, 2002, PMlo monitoring in Ireland is limited to continuous monitoring stations operated by the Local Authorities and the Irish EPA, mainly in large urban centres. The dominant source of PMlo in the area would be from vehicle emissions, boilers (i.e. Home heating and Industrial heating), industrial processes and construction activities. PM10 values are likely to be well within the EU requirements based on monitoring data generated by the EPA. Total Depositional Dust Total dust deposition was measured at the site using Bergerhoff gauges specified in the German Engineering Institute VDI 21 19 entitled “Measurement of Dustfall Using the Bergerhoff Instrument (Standard Method).” No total depositional dust monitoring 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft 85 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo i was performed in the vicinity of the site but baseline data from other sites in Ireland suggest baseline figures should range from 60 to 200 mg/m2/day. Currently in Ireland there are no statutory limits for dust deposition, however, EPA guidance suggest, "a soiling of I Omg/m'/hour is generally considered to pose a soiling nuisance" (TA Luft 2002). This equates to 240mg/m2/day of Total Depositional Dust. The EPA recommend a maximum level of 350mg/ m2/day of dust deposition when measured according to TA Luft standard, which includes both soluble and insoluble matter (i.e. EPA compliance monitoring is based on the TA Luft Method). During construction at the site, monitoring will be performed to ensure the limit value of 350 mg/m2/day is achieved. Hydrogen sulphide H2S is commonly associated with wastewater handling operations. It is used as an indicator gas for the assessment of significant odour nuisance in the vicinity of wastewater facilities. The current California Ambient Air Quality standard for hydrogen sulphide, based on a I-hour averaging time, is 42 pg m-3 (30 ppb). On this basis, the proposed REL of IO pg m-3 (8 ppb) is likely to be detectable by many people under ideal laboratory conditions, but it is unlikely to be recognized or found annoying by more than a few. It is therefore expected to provide reasonable protection from odour annoyance in practice. Based on a review of 26 studies, the average odour detection threshold ranged from 0.00007 to 1.4 ppm (Amoore, 1985). For inspection purposes only. Hydrogen sulphide isConsent noted of forcopyright its strong owner required and offensivefor any other use. odour. The geometric mean of these studies is 0.008 ppm. In general, olfactory sensitivities decrease by a factor of 2 for each 22 years of age above 20 (Venstrom and Amoore, 1968); the above geometric mean is based on the average age of 40. Laboratory experiments performed by Sheridan (2003) in California measured H2S detection threshold at 2 pg m-3 while the recognition odour threshold was 22 pg m-3. At the current California Ambient Air Quality Standard (CAAQS) of 30 ppb, the level would be detectable by 83% of the population and would be discomforting to 40% of the population. These estimates have been substantiated by odour complaints and reports of nausea and headache (Reynolds and Kauper 1985) at 0.030 ppm H2S exposures from geyser emissions. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in order to avoid substantial complaints about odour annoyance among the exposed population, hydrogen sulphide concentrations should not be allowed to exceed 0.005 ppm (5 ppb; 7 yg rn-'), with a 30-minute averaging time. The OEHHA (2000) adopted a level of 8 ppb (10 pg m-') as the chronic Reference Exposure Level (cREL) for use in 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 86 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo evaluating long-term emissions from hot spots facilities. The only instrument capable of providing comparison with such reference levels is a Jerome meter analyser. These are real time data-logging H2S analyser for the measurement of ambient hydrogen sulphide concentration levels (Sheridan, 2003). An ambient H2S profile monitoring exercise was carried out in the vicinity of the existing WWTP site using a pre-calibrated H2S analyser (Jerome metre). Samples were taken approximately I .2 meter above ground level. The analyser is a real time analyser with a range of detection from 3 ppb to 50 ppm. Samples were collected at eleven locations (i.e. AI to A17). Figure 8.1 and Tnble 8.1 illustrate each monitoring location. The results are presented in Table 8.9. V I V I I I I I 1 Monitoring A Sampling Ambient air coordinate coordinat period Locations concentration (pglm3) (m) e (m) A1 297275 29088 1 June-08 <4.5 A2 29728 1 290914 June-08 <4.5 A3 297257 290925 June-08 <4.5 June-08 e4- A4 297237 290926 I 5 A5 2971 94 290928 June-08 <4.50 A6 2971 50 290931 June-08 6 A7 297149 29091 1 June-08 6- A8 I 297150 290896 June-08 6 A9 I 297154 290875 June-08 fi A1 1 2971 75 For inspection290802 purposes only.June-08 c4.5 A1 2 297224Consent of copyright290806 owner required forJune-08 any other use. <4.5 A1 3 297246 290821 June-08 c4.5 A1 4 297272 290860 June-08 <4.5 A1 5 297267 290881 June-08 6 A1 6 2971 99 290874 June-08 6 A1 7 2971 83 290888 June-08 6 Recommended limit following upgrade c7.50 Currently in Ireland, there are no statutory limits for hydrogen sulphide concentrations in ambient air, however, guidance from the California Air Resources Board suggest an ambient air concentration level of less than 7.50 pg/m' to limit odour nuisance. This value was not exceeded at any of the sample locations. Elevated ambient concentrations above the lower limits of detection of the instrument method were detected at location A6 to A9, A15, A16 and A17. This could be attributed to emissions of Hydrogen sulphide from some open wastewater processing sources located within the WWTP. ! 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 87 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Speciated Volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) Speciated VOC’s to include alkanes, Mercaptans, organic acids, aromatics and nitrogen containing organics in ambient air at elevated concentrations can lead to the formation of odour sensation. In order to ascertain the baseline levels of speciated VOC’s in the vicinity of the existing site location, ambient pumped sampling of VOC’s were performed in order to ascertain the baseline profile of such compounds before plant upgrade. Following upgrade the profile of such VOC’s should in general improve. In order to pre-concentrate speciated VOC upon each sorbent, a pre-calibrated controlled volume of sample air was drawn through each tube by a pre-calibrated SKC constant flow sampling pump for a period range of 180 minutes (i.e. Active sampling/pumped sampling). Each SKC pump was pre-calibrated with their specific sorbent using a Bios Primary flow calibrator (NIST traceable certified) with calibration flow checked following the completion of the sample run. Each pump was calibrated to a flow rate of between 100 and 150 ml min-’ depending on the sample, sample pump and sorbent tube as recommended by the sorbent manufacturer, analysing laboratory and samplinghest methodology. When sampling was completed all tubes were sealed and stored in flexible air tight containers and transported to the gas chromatography laboratory and analysed by means of thermal desorption GCFID/GCMS in a UKAS accredited laboratory. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Samples were taken approximately I .20 meter above ground level using two-bed silcosteel packed sorbent tubes on the 05‘” June 2008. Samples were collected at three locations across the existing WWTP site (i.e. AM, AI6 and A17) as shown in Figtire 8.1 and Table 8.1. The purpose of this monitoring is to assess the baseline speciated VOC concentration level and profile in the vicinity of the existing site. The results are presented in Tables 8. 10 to 8.12. Ambient air conc. Compound identity (pg/m3) Toluene 3.40-. .- Benzene 1.80 D-Limonene 0.86 Nonanal 1.69 Xvlene 1.98 IAbha Pinene I I ~ ~~ 3.89 (TotalVOC’s 62.89 ! at monitoring location A15 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 88 18/07/7008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Ambient air conc. Compound identity (pg/m3) IAcetic acid , I 3.60 I Toluene 4.89 Ethyl benzene 1.26 Benzene. 1.3-dimethvl- 4.21 IBenzene I 1.68 I Limonene 4.89 Decanal 4.20 1-Hexanol. 2-ethvl- 5.32 IXvIene I 3.89 I 1.94 124.38 Table 8.11. Speciated VOC profile and concentrations in the vicinity of the existing site at monitoring location A16. Ambient air conc. Compound identity (CLs/m3) IAcetic acid I 4.48 Toluene 2.56 1 R-.alpha.-Pinene 3.89 ICubene I 1.89 IXv Ie ne I 3.68 For inspection purposes only. D-Limonene Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.5.69 Propionic acid 3.45 bimethvl disubhide I 2.26 he existing site Currently in Ireland, there are no statutory limits for total volatile organic compound concentrations in ambient air. Small concentrations of Alkenes, Alkanes, Aromatics, reduced sulphur compounds and organic acids were detected predominately in the downwind sampling locations. The profiles can be compared with any additional profiles measured when the upgraded WWTP is operational in order to ascertain any increases in ambient air concentrations of speciated VOC's. ~ ~ ~ 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 89 I8/07/?008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Odour survey (sniff assessment) This is a very useful fast test, which can provide a subjective “snap-shot” assessment of the presence, strength and character of an odour either within an installation boundary, at the boundary or in the aredcommunity surrounding the site. General considerations: When undertaking an assessment, the following guideline procedures need to be considered. Consideration needs to be given to evaluating the sensitivity of the person(s) carrying out this form of assessment. If necessary this can be confirmed by means of olfactometry. Obvio‘usly anyone with a poor sense of smell should be excluded. It is important to remember that regular exposure to a particular odour can produce olfactory fatigue. The person(s) undertaking the assessment should avoid strong food or drinks, including coffee, for at least half an hour before undertaking the assessment. Strongly scented toiletries should be avoided as well as the use of deodorisers in the vehicle used during the assessment. Colds, sinusitis or sore throat can affect the sense of smell. Planned assessments should be re-scheduled if possible or undertaken by someone else, otherwise the Forfact inspection should purposes be clearly only. noted on the report. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The health and safety of the individual undertaking the assessment should not be compromised. Testing location: Where possible move from areas of weaker strength to stronger odours. To evaluate a proposed development you should start upwind of the area, When investigating offsite installation odour, start well down wind and move towards the installation. It should be remembered that an odour may change in character over a distance as a result of dilution and/or conversion. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 90 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Testing method: Sense of smell verified in normal range (by means of Olfactometry on (05/06/08), Survey started upwind of proposed development, Survey carried out at selected points around the boundary of the proposed development, A survey timeline of up to 10 minutes was utilised at each location. During this time the intensity and extent of any detected odour was evaluated. All relevant weather information was recorded, Data collated & recorded: DETECTABILITY / INTENSITY: 1 No detectable odour, 2 Faint odour (barely detectable, need to stand still and inhale facing into the wind), 3 Moderate odour (odour easily detected while walking & breathing normally), 4 Strong odour, 5 Very strong odour (possibly causing nausea). EXTENT & PERSISTENCE: (assuming odour detectable, if not then 0) 1 Local & transient (only detected on Forinstallation inspection purposes or at only. installation boundary during brief periods Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. when wind drops or blows), 2 Transient as above, but detected away from installation boundary, 3 Persistent, but fairly localized, 4 Persistent and pervasive up to 50m from plant or installation boundary, 5 Persistent and widespread (odour detected >50 m from installation boundary) SENSITIVITY OF LOCATION WHERE ODOUR DETECTED: (assuming detectable, if not then 0) 1 Remote (no housing, commercialhndustrial premises or public area within 500m), 2 Low sensitivity (no housing, etc. within l0Om of area affected by odour), 3 Moderate sensitivity (housing, etc. within l0Om of area affected by odour), 4 High sensitivity (housing, etc. within area affected by odour), 5 Extra sensitive (complaints arising from residents within area affected by odour). OFFENSIVENESS (taking into account strength, persistence and typical frequency of exposure): 1 Potentially offensive, 2 Moderately offensive, 3 Very offensive. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft 91 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Weather data Weather data for Sniff assessment Table 3.2 illustrates the meteorological characteristics on the date of the monitoring event. Date 05'" June 2008 Temperature (deg C) 18 Time start 14.00 Time finish 16.00 Ground Condition Dry under foot General air quality Good (rural environment) Wind (strength & direction) (km/hr) 1-3 Bar. Pressure (mbar) 1012 General air stability Neutral (Category D) Cloud coverlheight (Low, high, very high) Low cloud cover For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 92 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 -Y E i! i! VIm % v) m e, !G C sj:G WVI h 5 e, 0 -0 L> 0 i 0 m Y L 3 h 0 .-Y -U E 0 .- x 2 m aE e, % .I* c -0 -a U 3 C v) .- C 0 3Y 50 m *2 - x 50 c .-C .-4 m Y 0 Yc c e, b 5 For inspection purposes only. 0 Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. % : .- 4 Q) c, .--m Y E C Q) 0 Y & 0 -0 a e, a .-E 55 m 0 Y s0 v) v) 3 -Y b i v) 2 h 2 .-Y e, .-> s .-Y v) m e, E Y e, I-m m Y C v) 3 .-0 -.-3 Ym U d 'I 3 od VI e, U Y 0 s C e, 2 -0 N EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Table 8. I4 illustrates the results obtained from the odour sniff survey performed on the 05Ih June 2008. A detectable sewage based odour was perceived downwind of the existing WWTP site. At location A5 to A9 and A15 to A17, the sewage odour ranged in extent and offensiveness. This downwind odour was a result of open tankage sources located within the WWTP which included the inlet works, sludge return chamber and sludge holding tank. 8.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSAL The key objectives of the proposed development at Ardee, Co. Louth are as follows; Extension of the existing sewerage collection system in Ardee. Replacement and rehabilitation of part of the combined sewerage network. Provision of a new storm sewer network to cater for storm water flows arising from current and future housing. Upgrade of the existing WWTP. There is adequate land available on the existing site to accommodate expansion of the treatment process to treat the predicted future plant loads. The existing WWTP site is zoned as ‘Public Utility’ under the Ardee Local Area For inspection purposes only. Plan. The area immediatelyConsent of westcopyright of ownerthe siterequired to forthe any north other use. of the River Dee is designated ‘to protect, provide and enhance open space, amenities & recreation’. The area south of the River Dee below the treatment plant is zoned ‘to protect and/or enlzarzce amenity of developed residential coininunities Ce provide for new residential communities’, The nearest existing residential dwellings are approximately 150 m from the WWTP site. The nearest commercial premises, is approximately 250 m from the site. At present, there are no current planning applications for development in the vicinity of the site. Currently, the site is accessed via a tarred and fenced access roadway off Tierney Street. It is intended that this access roadway (approx. 150 m long) will be retained and will continue to provide access to the site for construction traffic and other traffic associated with the operation of the plant. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Drafi 95 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 8.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSAL d: 42 Construction Phme There is the potential for a number of emissions to atmosphere during the construction of the development with wind blown dust being most significant. This may impact upon the surrounding environment. The deposition of dust and mud on the local roads is both unsightly and dangerous. Dust may be a particular problem during periods of dry windy weather. Potential sources of dust from construction and operation include the following: Vehicles carrying dust on their wheels, Un-vegetated stockpiles of construction materials, The handling of construction materials fur the construction phase of the development. The construction and operation vehicles, generators, etc., will also give rise to petrol and diesel exhausts emissions, although this is of minor significance compared to dust. 6: 42 Operation Phase Scheduled Emissions For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Regarding operations at the proposed development, the activities to be located in the development are upgraded wastewater treatment activities. Any equipment generating dust emissions will contain localised dust abatement equipment if required in order to prevent the release of dust to atmosphere. Scheduled emission point from odour control units will occur to atmosphere from the WTP. Impact of the existing development on odour air quality. A detailed odour impact of the existing development was performed in order to ascertain the potential level of odour complaint in the vicinity of the existing Wastewater treatment plant. It was concluded from the assessment of the existing wastewater treatment plant that: i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Drafi 96 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 -. - ...... ~ ...... Jeiinings O'Doiiovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 0 Slightly elevated ambient H2S concentrations were detected on the western boundary (where the predominant wind direction was blowing on the day of survey) of the existing operated WWTP on the day of monitoring; 0 In accordance with odour impact criterion in Table 2.2-Appendix E, and in keeping with current recommended odour impact criterion in this country, residents in the vicinity of the existing operating WWTP will perceive intermittent odours. Intermittent odour complaints may be generated on all boundaries of the facility but especially due north and south of the facility. Climate There is a potential for impacts to climate as a result of any development that requires fuel and energy. These impacts are the generation of greenhouse gas emissions (principally carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen) from traffic and electrical supply. The potential effects of climate change on a global scale have been investigated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The resulting impacts in Ireland are outlined in the National Climate Change Strategy and recently by the EPA and include the following: Significant increases in winter rainfall, of the order of 10% in the southeast, with a corresponding increase in the water levels in rivers, lakes and soils. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Serious flooding more frequent than at present. 0 Lower summer rainfall, of the order of 10% in the southern half of the country. Less recharge of reservoirs in the summer leading to more regular and prolonged water shortages than at present. Loss of bog land due to regular water deficits. 0 Increased agricultural production, with new crops becoming more viable and potentially reduced agricultural costs. Grass growth could enjoy beneficial effects with an increase in 20% possible with higher temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns. 0 The development will be designed to take account of changes in rainfall intensity and mean sea level rise. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 97 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo These figures for climate change refer to year 2 100. The WWTP upgrade is based on a year 2026 design horizon with a peak population equivalent of 12,500. It is recognised that Ireland cannot, on its own, prevent or ameliorate the impacts of climate change. However, the National Climate Change Strategy states that Ireland must meet its responsibilities with regard to reducing CO2 emissions in partnership with the EU and the global community. 843 The baseline survey results suggest that air quality in the vicinity of the existing WWTP is average/good and shows typical levels for a rural and suburban area with all pollutants within the relevant Irish and EU limits. The air quality may improve slightly in future years due to improvements in engine technology and greater controls on petrol, diesel, coal and gas composition and purity. If the proposed upgrade were not to take place, the current air pollutant concentrations will remain unchanged followed by potential decreases in future years for the reasons outlined above. In relation to dust, non-development of the site would result in no movement of soils/sands and no construction activity and therefore no dust creation as a result of construction works. 8.5 REMEDIAL OR REDUCTIVE MEASURES 831 Constructzo/z Phme For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Construction activities are likely to generate some dust emissions. The potential for dust to be emitted depends on the type of construction activity being carried out in conjunction with environmental factors including levels of rainfall, wind speed and wind direction. In order to ensure that no dust nuisance occurs, a series of measures will be implemented. Site roads shall be regularly cleaned and maintained as appropriate. Hard surface roads shall be swept to remove mud and aggregate materials from their surface as a result of the upgrade development. Any un-surfaced roads shall be restricted to essential site traffic only. Furthermore, any road in the vicinity of the development that has the potential to give rise to dust may be regularly watered, as appropriate, during extended dry and/or windy conditions. A full traffic management plan and dust management plan will be implemented into the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) in order to minimise such 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 98 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 1 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo emission as a result of the construction phase of the development. This will be generated specifically for the development when detailed design is completed. Vehicles using site roads shall have their speed restricted, and this speed restriction must be enforced rigidly. On any un-surfaced site road and on hard surfaced roads that site management dictates speed shall be restricted to 20 km per hour. Material handling systems and site stockpiling of materials shall be designed and laid out to minimise exposure to wind. Water misting or sprays shall be used as required if particularly dusty activities are necessary during dry or windy periods. In relation to the completion of the proposed development, the hard standing surface, and all roads will be tarmacadamedconcreted. In periods of dry weather when dust emission would be greatest, a road sweeper, which would also dampen the road, may be employed in order to prevent the generation of dust. 8.6 OPERATION PHASE &dl It is not anticipated that dust will be a significant problem during the operation of the development as there will be no scheduled emission point emitting dust. Emissions of pollutants from road traffic can be controlled by either controlling the For inspection purposes only. number of road usersConsent or by of controlling copyright owner the required flow for ofany traffic.other use. For the majority of vehicle- generated pollutants, emissions rise as speed drops. Emissions are also higher under stop-start conditions when compared with steady speed driving. Since the development will generate only small volumes of traffic, emissions from such activities were predicted to be minimal. It is envisaged that the proposed development will not have a significant impact on the surrounding air quality. However, as discussed previously a number of mitigation measures have been suggested. Moreover, dust monitoring could be carried out during the operation phase of the development if deemed necessary by the planning authority. If the level of dust is found to exceed 350 mg/m2/day in the vicinity of the site, further mitigation measures will be incorporated into the operation of the proposed development. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 99 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 1 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo &62 Odour The following odour management, minimisation and mitigation strategies will be employed throughout the proposed upgraded wastewater treatment plant design. These include: All flow channels in the preliminary treatment plant and as far downstream as the secondary treatment process should be covered and the associated head space vented through an odour treatment unit. Preliminary treatment processes such as screening and grit removal (as well as the screenings and grit washing systems and skips) should be enclosed and housed and the head space under the equipment enclosure and within the preliminary treatment building should be vented through an odour treatment unit. Screenings and grit should be washed prior to disposal, and their skips should be covered, with the associated void space vented through an odour treatment unit. Regular cleaning of channels and general maintenance should be undertaken. Storm water tanks shouldFor inspection be purposesfitted withonly. cleaning systems to be activated after Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. the tank has emptied. Surface scrapers for the removal of scum from the tank surface should be incorporated into the design of all settlement tanks; All sludge storage, blending and thickening tanks should be covered and vented through an odour treatment unit. The sludge reception and screening units for the imported sludge should be enclosed units and should be vented through an odour treatment unit. The sludge thickening and dewatering systems should be enclosed units housed within the sludge treatment building, with their individual enclosures and the building in which they are housed vented through an odour treatment unit. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I00 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jeiiriirigs O'DOIIOVBII& Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 0 The sludge treatment system dryer should also be housed and its room vented through an odour treatment unit. 0 A significant reduction in odour release can be achieved by minimising the height of free fall over weirs and into tanks and channels or by selective covering at these locations. This also presents advantages in terms of reducing head losses across the treatment process. Odour management, minimisation and mitigation strategies contained within Appendix E shall be implemented as part of the overall upgraded design. The overall detailed odour impact assessment; methodologies and mitigation I I strategies can be read in detail in Appendix E of the Air quality chapter. 8.63 Climate Road traffic and power usage would be expected to be the dominant sources of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of the proposed upgrade. Vehicles and power used to operate the plant will give rise to CO2 anti N20 emissions as a result of the proposed development. Currently, there are approximately 2 HGV and 4 LGV / passenger vehicle movements per day. It is expected that the number of vehicles accessing the site when operational will be 2 HGV's and 4 small vehicles such as LGV / passenger cars. This will lead to the emission of 35 tonnes of CO2per annum, For inspection purposes only. which is equivalent Consentto 0.000001% of copyright owner of requiredthe National for any other Emissions use. in Ireland in 2008 to 201 2 assuming a driving radius of 40 km from the facility and a payload of 20 tonnes for HGV's. With reference to relevant evaluation criteria such as the Kyoto Protocol, which has set objectives to be achieved by 2008 - 2012, GHG emissions as a result of this proposal will be imperceptible. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 101 U? 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jetitlings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 8.7 PREDICTED RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT 8.%1 Construction Phase The effect of construction of the facility on air quality will not be significant following the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. The main environmental nuisance associated with construction activities is dust. However, it is proposed to adhere to good working practices and dust mitigation measures to ensure that the levels of dust generated will be minimal and are unlikely to cause an environmental nuisance. A series of such good working practices and mitigation measures are outlined earlier in this chapter (see Section 8.5.1). 8. ZZ Operation Phase Potential impacts of the proposed development on odour air quality A detailed odour impact study of the proposed development was performed in order to ascertain the potential level of odour complaint in the vicinity of the upgraded Wastewater treatment plant. It was concluded from this assessment of the proposed wastewater treatment plant that: 0 In accordance with odour impact criterion in Table 2.2-Appendix E, and in keeping with current recommended odour impact criterion in this country, no significant odour impact For inspection will purposes be perceived only. by residents in the vicinity of the Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. proposed operating W WTP following the installation of proposed odour management, minimisation and mitigation protocols. As can be observed, the overall odour emission rate from the new proposed WWTP will be approximately 5.30 times lower than the existing WWTP. The predicted odour plume spread in the vicinity of the proposed WWTP is greatly reduced with all residentshndustrial neighbours in the vicinity of the proposed WWTP perceiving an odour concentration less than 1 .SO OUEm-3 for the 9St" percentile over three years of meteorological data. Those sources considered most offensive (inlet works, primary treatment and holding tanks, centrate, filtrate, sludge, flow splitting chambers and all sludge handling processes including tankage) will be effectively contained and ventilated to an odour control system and therefore the overall risk of any residendindustrial neighbours detecting odour will be negligible since the significant odour source contributing to the odour plume are the aeration and secondary 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I02 I2/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 .- Jetitiitigs O'Donovati & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo settlement tanks which are considered inoffensive in nature and therefore a lower odour risk potential is present. 0 Those management and mitigation strategies discussed in Appendix E of the air quality document should be considered in any design of the proposed Ardee WWTP. The following recommendations were developed as part of the study: 0 Odour management, minimisation and mitigation procedures as discussed within this document in general will be implemented at the proposed wastewater treatment plant in order to prevent any odour nuisance in the surrounding vicinity. 0 The maximum allowable odour emission rate from the overall WWTP should not be greater than 2,942 OuE s-'(see Table 4.2-Appendix E) inclusive of the odour emission contribution fi-om the abatement systems installed on the primary treatment and sludge handling processes. The maximum overall odour emission rate from the odour control units shall be no greater than 200 OuE s-' and an exhaust concentration of less than 500 Ou~/in~respectively. The hedonic tone of this odour should not be considered unpleasant (Scale greater than -2) as assessed in accordance with VDI 3882:1997, part 2; ('Determination of ForHedonic'). inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 0 Maintain good housekeeping practices (i.e. keep yard area clean, etc.), closed-door management strategy (i.e. to eliminate puff odour emissions), maintain sludge storage within sealed airtight containers and to implement an odour management plan for the operators of the WWTP (i.e. for preventative maintenance of odour abatement systems). All odourous processes such as inlet works and primary treatment, sludge storage and thickening will be carried out indoors. 0 Avoid accumulation of floating debris and persistent sediments in channels and holding tanks by design (i.e. flow splitters and secondary sedimentation tanks, etc.). Techniques to eliminate such circumstances shall be employed. Enclose and seal all primary treatment. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I03 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Doriovati & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Operate the proposed upgraded WWTP within specifications to eliminate overloading and under loading, which may increase septic conditions within the processes. Odour scrubbing technologies should be installed to treat extract air from the inlet works, all flow splitting chambers and sludge return chambers. These areas are considered more offensive than aeration and secondary sedimentation processes and therefore more likely to cause odour complaints. In general both aeration processes and secondary settlement processes are not significant odour generators and odours from such processes are usually inoffensive. This dispersion model is valid for the indicative design discussed within Appendix E. If overall odour emission rates from the actual designed WWTP increase (i.e. if surface areas exposed to atmosphere from processes increase or even the processing type changes), then overall odour iinpact area may increase. Therefore, the WWTP design will be required to be reassessed to ensure no odour impact on the surrounding population. 8.Z3 Traffic The predicted increases in traffic volumes as a result of the development along the existing road network are expected to be very low. The information on traffic provided in the traffic section of the Statement has been used to identify whether any significant impact on sensitive For inspection receptors purposes will only. occur. The traffic information has been Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. input into the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), Volume 11 (February 2003) model. This model was prepared by the United Kingdom Department of Transport, the Scottish Office of Industrial Development, the Welsh Office and the Department of Environment for Northern Ireland as a screening tool to assess worst- case air quality impact associated with roads developments. The screening model uses a worst-case scenario in calculating emissions. The emission factors used for each pollutant are intentionally biased to overestimate the actual emission rate. Also, wind speeds are assumed to be 2 m s-'(approximately 3.9 knots compared to a mean wind speed of between 4 to 5 m s-', which would be typical of met stations in Ireland. In addition to this, the background concentrations incorporated into the model are worst-case scenario concentrations. For these reasons, it can be assumed with confidence that a project will not produce air pollution from traffic if this model identifies none. I 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I04 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 ...... --.- Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Traffic figures have been assessed using the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) figures. The overall predicted increase in air pollutants as a result of the upgrade development was assessed utilising the predicted traffic generation figures for the facility when in operation. The predicted impact of traffic on air quality during the construction phase of the development are more difficult to predict since this is only a specimen design. The overall emissions as a result of traffic during the construction phase of the project will be short term. In terms of emissions, as the average speed of vehicles has a significant effect on the generation of pollutants, calculations are carried out for two different traffic speed scenarios. The speeds are 20 km hi', to represent gridlock conditions and 50 km hi', to represent free-flowing traffic conditions in the area. The growth rate per annum assumed for the area is based on NRA future traffic forecasts for non-national roads. The DMRB only assesses the potential impacts from traffic up to and including the year 2023. Even though the development design period goes beyond this date, this is not considered significant since impacts are expected to be even lower beyond this date due to improvements in engine technology, etc. The impacts associated with the proposed development are well within the ground level impact concentrations in year 2023 (as predicted by the model). Using the model, concentrations of Carbon Monoxide, Benzene, Oxides of Nitrogen and PMlo(particulate matter with an average 10 pm aerodynamic diameter), have been determined for a receptor point road along the entrance to the facility. For The inspection results purposes of only.these calculations are presented in Tables Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 8.15. It is assumed that a total of 2 AADT movements per day for HGV's and a maximum 4 AADT movements per day for LGVIcars (i.e. to and from the site). 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I 0s 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 0 d 0 d . In I- I- Lo 8 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 0 tu EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 ...... -...... - .. - ,. .. . - .- . - .. . Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo For carbon monoxide (CO) under all traffic scenarios at both speeds, the predictions indicate that even under worst-case scenario conditions the maximum CO level combined with the baseline figures will not breach the EU limit as a result of traffic movements to and from the WWTP during operation. The predicted results for benzene at the two speed scenarios indicate that the concentrations are below the relevant Irish and EU limit at both locations. Again, the predicted levels drop with increases in speed. As with the CO results, the predicted levels actually remain relatively equal over the development years. When added to baseline the overall ambient air concentrations of I3enzene are well within the Irish and EU limit values during the operation phase of the development. The predicted levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at the two speed scenarios for the operation phase of the development will cause negligible increases NO? on the surrounding area. There is a general overall improvement in the NO2 levels as the development proceeds from 2010 to 2023 due to improvements in engine technology. When added to baseline the overall ambient air concentrations of NO2 are well within the Irish and EU limit values for the operation phase of the development. For particulate matter (PMlo) the predictions indicate that even under worst-case scenario conditions the annual average will not breach the Irish and EU limit as a result of traffic movement during the operation phase of the WWTP. The predictions show a variation with speed For resulting inspection purposes in lower only. levels of particulates produced under Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. normal traffic conditions (50 kmhr). There is no significant difference on air quality impact whether the development proceeds or not. The computer model predictions indicate the following findings: Ambient concentrations will, in general, decrease due to legislation driven improvements in engine technology and fuel content. Any increases will be slight. There will be negligible increases in NO2 and PMlo concentrations as the development phase is implemented. The net impact of the proposed upgrade WWTP will be a slight negative for NO2 and PMlobut will remain well within the Irish and EU legislative limit values. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 107 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo The effect of the proposed upgraded WWTP is not considered to be significant in terms of air quality impact from traffic emissions. All space heating and energy requirements for the proposed development should be designed in accordance with best practice. The Building Regulations 2002 “Technical Guidance Document Part L - Conservation of Fuel and Energy Dwellings” should be used as a reference for best practice in order to reduce the impact of the proposed development on greenhouse gas emissions. For traffic-derived pollutants, the “worst-case” scenario consists of gridlock conditions with large volumes of traffic on the road, simultaneously. This has been accounted for within the model whereby it is predicted that traffic movements will occur simultaneously on the road network. In addition gridlock is also assessed. The DMRB predictive model employed is a screening model that is used to generate worst-case scenario predictions for air quality. If this model indicates that pollutant levels will not breach the Irish and EU limits, then it can be assumed with some confidence that a project will not produce air pollution problems if none are identified by this method. There is a negligible increase in traffic-based pollutants as a result of the proposed upgrade works. There are no predicted breaches of Irish and EU legislation for operation year For inspectionand 2023 purposes (the only. limit year for the model extent) with all Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. values including background well within Irish and EU legislation. As a result of these model predictions it may be concluded that the worst-case impact of the traffic alterations associated with the proposed development are predicted to be a slight negative. Construction Phase It is envisaged that the proposed development will not have a significant impact on the surrounding air quality. However, as discussed previously a number of dust mitigation measures have been suggested. Moreover, dust monitoring could be carried out during the construction phase of the development if deemed necessary by the planning authority. If the level of dust is found to exceed 350mg/m2/day in the 4381 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 108 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo vicinity of the site (using Bergerhoff gauges), further mitigation measures will be incorporated into the construction of the proposed site. Operational phase Depositional dust monitoring will be carried out during the operation phase of the development if deemed necessary by the regulatory authority. If the level of dust is found to exceed 350mg/m2/day in the vicinity of the site, further mitigation measures will be incorporated into the operation of the proposed site. Reinstatement Not Applicable For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. ! 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I 09 18/07/~08 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Ihgineers Sligo 8.8 MONITORING AND PREDICTIVE TRAFFIC EMISSION MODELLING LOCATION For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 1 IO I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 8.9 REFERENCES 1. Amoore JE. The perception of hydrogen sulfide odor in relation to setting an ambient standard. California Air Resources Board Contract A4-046-33. April 1985. 2. Environment Protection Agency Act 1992 (Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management) Regulations 1999 (S.I. No. 33 of 1999). 3. Irish EPA 2006-Air quality monitoring report Old Station Road. 4. Irish EPA 2006-Air quality monitoring report Wexford station. 5. Irish EPA 2002-Air quality monitoring report Dundalk station. 6. OEHHA. 2000. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines. Part 111. Technical Support Document for the Determination of Non-cancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels. 7. Reynolds R L, Kamper RL. Review of the State of California Ambient Air Quality Standard for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S). Lakeport (CA): Lake County Air Quality Management District; 1984. 8. S.I. No. 271/2002 - Air Quality Standards Regulations 2002 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 9. TALuft air Quality Guidelines, Federal Air Pollution Control Act’‘ (“Birndes- Iiiziiii.rsioiisscliiit~geset~”),2002. 10. VDI 21 19 (1986) “Measurement of Dustfall Using the Bergerhoff Instrument (Standard Method).” 11. Venstrom P, Amoore JE. Olfactory threshold in relation to age, sex or smoking. J Food Sci 1968;33:264-265. WHO, World Health Organization. Hydrogen sulfide. Environmental Health Criteria No. 19. Geneva: WHO; I98 1. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft Ill 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 9.0 NOISE 9.1 INTRODUCTION 911 Bmkground The existing plant and proposed extension is located in an urban environment surrounded by new roadways, which adjoin the site on the north and east boundaries. I The main purpose of this study was to: Establish the existing noise levels in the environs Project and assess the noise levels generated by the development Specify appropriate ameliorative measures where deemed necessary 912 Acouxhk Terminology Sound is simply the pressure oscillations that reach our ears. These are characterised by their amplitude, measured in decibels (dB), and their frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz). Noise is unwanted or undesirable sound, it does not accumulate in the environment and is normally localised. Environmental noise is normally assessed in terms of A-weighted decibels, dB(A), when the ‘A weighted’ filter in the measuring device elicits a response which provides a good correlation with the human ear. The criteria for environmental For noise inspection control purposes are only. of annoyance or nuisance rather than Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. damage. In general a noise level is liable to provoke a complaint whenever its level exceeds by a certain margin the pre-existing noise level or when it attains an absolute level. A change in noise level of 3 dB(A) is ‘barely perceptible’, while an increase in noise level of 10 dB(A) is perceived as a twofold increase in loudness. A noise level in excess of 85 dB(A) gives a significant risk of hearing damage. 913 Relevant Legklaitwii Target Criterion The criteria for noise are one of annoyance or nuisance rather than damage. An increase in noise level of 5 dB(A) is considered as one of only marginal significance. In general a noise is liable to provoke a complaint whenever its level exceeds by a certain margin the pre-existing noise level or when it attains an absolute level. For activity that is licensed by the EPA, day time and night time limits are specified. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft 112 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo The operation of the WWTP is a 24 hour / 7 day /week activity. For outdoor noise at residential properties the EPA usually specified that noise levels should be less than 55 dB(A) Le, one hour’ by day and less than 45 dB(A) Le,over any 15 minute period at night time. There should be no clearly audible tonal or impulsive one component in the night time emission at any residence. For the proposed development the aforementioned limits will be put in place for day time and night time. Maximum Permissible Construction Noise Levels There are no national guidelines for construction noise, however limits for construction noise are generally set below 65 dB IdAeq.lt, with no Sunday operations. The noise from the construction site will be kept well below the aforementioned target. 9.2 METHODOLOGY I;! 2 Z S2e hzvestz&atibns Continuous monitoring was carried out over a 9-day period between 30thMay and 7th June 2008 at the nearest NSL, while additional attended monitoring was carried out at the site boundary to determine the noise emissions from the operation of the existing plant. The following conditions were adhered to in undertaking the survey: For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Measurement of ambient noise levels was undertaken using Type 1 instruments. Monitoring locations were selected to coincide with local residence and site boundary The survey was carried out in accordance with IS0 1996 Part 1 (Description and Measurement of Environmental Noise - Part 1: Basic Quantities and Procedures) Cognisance was taken of the EPA’s ‘Environmental Noise Survey Guidance Document’2003. Weather conditions during the survey were mainly dry with a light easterly wind. ~~ ~ I Ref. EPA’s Guidance Note For Noise In Relation 10 Scheduled Activities. 1995 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 113 I8/07/1008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 92 2 //tStruu/ne/ztatzou/zUsed The following instrumentation was used in the baseline survey: One Larson Davis 870 Precision Integrating Sound Level AnalyserData logger with 900B Pre-amplifier and 1/2" Condenser Microphone Type 254 1. One Larson Davis 824 Precision Integrating Sound Level AnalyserIData logger with Real-Time Frequency Analyser Facility Wind Shields Type: Larson Davis 2 20 Windscreen. Calibration Type: Larson Davis Precision Acoustic Calibrator Model CA250. I! 2 3 Measzrrreemzt Prucedzrrre Continuous noise monitoring was carried out using environmental noise analysers with data logging facilities set on real time, the logged data was later downloaded via a personal computer using customised software. The measurement locations are shown in the location map (see Figure 9.1) and are given in Table 9. I. Gation id Description Comment Microphone above ground and NI Western site boundary 1.5m awav from reflective surfaces Microphone 1.5m above ground and N2 Northern site boundary away from reflective surfaces For inspection purposes only. Microphone Sm above ground and N3 EasternConsent site boundary of copyright owner required for any other use. 1 away from reflective surfaces Microphone Sm above ground and N4 Southern site boundary 1 away from reflective surfaces 40m from nearest residence west of Microphone 1.5m above ground and N5 (NSL) site, away from reflective surfaces All acoustic instrumentation was calibrated before and after the survey and no drift of calibration was observed (calibration level 114dB at 250HZ). I! 2 4 Zmpacct Mecthudofugy The predicted noise levels in this study are calculated according to the following formula: Lp2 = Lp 1 + ALy - CAL where, Lp2 = Sound Pressure level in decibels at Residence. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft 114 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Lp 1 = Sound pressure level in decibels at 20 metres. ALw = correction for direction effects in a horizontal plane, CAL = ALd + ALa + ALr + ALs + ALv + ALg +ALw, and where, ALd = geometric spreading (spherical radiation) and is calculated according to: ALd = 20 loglo(di/d2), where, di is the residence distance in metres, while d2 is 20 metres. &a = air absorption ALr = reflection and diffraction ALs = screening ALv = vegetation ALg = ground absorption ALw = wind gradients The noise measurements taken on the Ardee WWTP site are used in the predictive study along with noise level data from my own database which was acquired from For inspection purposes only. similar type / size plantConsent operating of copyright within owner required the country. for any other use. 9.25 Chraclerbticx of the Devefopment The proposed extension to the WWTP from a population equivalent (PE) of 5,000 to 12,500 will be carried out in two phases. Phase I will increase the PE to 10,000 and will almost double the capacity of the existing plant while phase 2 will increase the PE capacity to 12,500. The development to full PE capacity involves the demolition of the existing sludge holding tanks, inlet channel and storm water settling tank. The completed development will involve the construction and operation of a new inlet works, clarifier, storm water tank, pumping station, sand filters, return pumping station and an additional aeration tank. At this stage of design it is not decided whether the existing surface aeration system will be maintained or be replaced by a diffused air aeration system. A diffused air aeration system will involve the installation of air blowers (compressors) which will be contained inside a housing structure. The main noise sources from the proposed development will be the i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 1I5 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:24 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo construction phase which includes demolition and the operation of the completed facility, specifically the aeration tanks. 9.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT This report examines the existing noise levels in the local environment and at nearest Noise Sensitive Location (NSL) to the proposed development. The potential impact on residential amenity can be assessed by comparing the predicted noise levels from the proposed development with existing noise levels. Monitoring was carried out at the boundaries of the existing site while continuous monitoring for an extended period was carried out at the nearest NSL (residence) which, is due west of the site more than 260 m away. Results of Noise Survey Existing noise levels were established over the duration of the survey, The noise levels in the local environment are mainly from road traffic (along the east and northern boundaries of the site) during the day time. At night time when the road traffic flow decreases the noise emission from the existing WWTP becomes audible at the site boundaries. The dominant noise at the nearest residence is from road traffic during the day and night time. The existing treatment plant is inaudible at the nearest residence at night time and less than 35 dBA. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 116 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Existing Noise Levels The detailed results of the noise study can be found in Appendix F. The recorded values of LAeq,Llo, Lg0 are given in Table 9.2 Location Date / Time Leq L10 L90 Comments id dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) I NI I 31”Mav2008 I 41.5 I 41.0 I 40.3 I I Notes Leq is the total noise, LIO is the highest 10%) and L90 is the lowest 10% for the interval * Mean levels for day time 08.00 - 22.00 and night time 22.00 - 08.00hrs 9.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT For inspection purposes only. 9.4.1 Construction PhaseConsent of copyright owner required for any other use. Typical Site Noise Sources and Leg Measurements The main activity associated with this phase will be construction of proposed works including demolition of redundant structures. Le, measurements of construction noise sources sites at 20m from the geometric centre of activity are given in Table 9.3. Tracked excavator Table9.3 Noise Levels from Site Preparation Noise Sources i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I I7 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Calculation and Prediction of Site Preparation Noise The nearest zone of site construction activity to a residence is in excess of 260 metres. Over this distance the attenuation effects due to reflection, refraction and vegetation is small and in the predictive calculation the attenuation from these factors is assumed to be zero. The combined attenuation due to ground absorption and air absorption is calculated at 5 dB(A). Prediction of Construction Noise The site activity associated with construction result in maximum hourly Leq values of less than 49 dB(A) at the nearest residence west ofthe site. These maximum levels will pertain for no longer than 15 days equivalent for the entire duration of construction. For most of the construction period the hourly Le, values will be less than 40 dB(A) at all residence. Construction activity is temporary by nature and will have no more than a marginal impact at any residence. I! 42 OperatzonafFhme As design is not finalised noise predictions are made for two options and for plant operating at ultimate design capacity of 12,500 p.e. The primary noise sources and noise levels of the proposed plant 'are given in Table 9.4. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Existing aeration tank No 1 735@ Im Existing inlet works pump inaudible I Existing Screw feed I 63.1 @ 5m Proposed inlet works- pump -22kW' I-Proposed stormwater return pump -6kW' Proposed sandfilter pump-8kW' 490 2in Proposed supernatant pump -0 25Kw' 43@ 2m Option I -Addition of aeration tank similar to existing with surface aeration ~ ~~~ Option 2 -Diffused Air Aeration System .. - -. __ Diffused Air Aeration Tanks (12,000 PE) 46 @ 10m Arblower (Rating 40-90KW) operating at PE of 12,000 reverberant Table 9.4 Main noise sources and associated noise levels Note : 'submersible pumps 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 1I8 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Option 1 This is where an additional aeration tank similar to the existing aeration tanks is installed. The main noise emission from the plant is the surface aeration tanks (with motors). The addition of proposed submersible pumps (some of which will be substitute pumps) will not increase the noise emission at the site boundary, however increasing the aeration capacity with an additional tank will increase the overall noise levels from the WWTP by less than 2 dBA. Option 2 This is where the surface aeration system is replaced by a diffused air aeration system. In this option the surface motors will be de-commissioned and the diffused air aeration system will be powered by airblowers. The airblowers will be housed inside a building structure. The noise emissions from the aerations tanks will be substantially reduced (in excess of I5 dBA). The site boundary noise levels (overall noise emissions of all plant) are calculated to be reduced by more than 5 dBA. Road Traffic Following completion of development the existing low flow of road traffic will not change. MITIGATION MEASURES 9.5 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 95 Z Constrmtwn Phme Maigation All construction will be carried out in accordance with BS 5228 ; Part / ; 1997 (Noise Control on Construction and Open Sites - Part 1. Code of Practice for Basic Znfonnatioiz and Procedures for Noise Control). Accordingly all construction traffic to be used on site should have effective well-maintained silencers. Operators of all mobile equipment will be instructed to avoid unnecessary revving of machinery. Where possible the contractor will be instructed to use the least noisy equipment. With efficient use of well-maintained mobile equipment considerably lower noise levels than those predicted can be attained. The Project Engineer will closely supervise all construction activity. Construction activity due to its nature is a temporary activity and thus any impacts will be short term. All construction works will be carried out during the day-time period. Construction plant will be throttled down or turned off when not in productive use. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 119 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo For option 1 mitigation measures are not necessary. For option 2 the following mitigation measures will be put in place: Fanblowers will be housed inside a building envelope giving a transmission loss of 40 dBA, or alternatively the airblowers could be silenced at source with an acoustic hood or equivalent, thereby requiring the housing envelope to have a lower transmission loss All opening for cooling of fan blowers will be fitted with acoustic louver 9.6 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT The increase in noise levels during construction will be short term and of no more than marginal impact at any residence. The increase in noise levels due to the operation of the treatment plant with option 1 will be less than 2 dBA on the site boundary and inaudible at the nearest residence. With option 2 the noise levels at the site boundary will decrease and be inaudible at the nearest residence. The noise impact from the operation of the developed plant will be negligible at all residence for both option scenarios. Furthermore the maximum impact at the walkway which runs along the northern boundary of the site will be negligible to marginal at less than 2 dBA , For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 9.7 MONITORING There should be no requirement to carry out any monitoring for noise post development. 9.8 CONCLUSION The maximum noise from the proposed development will be during the construction phase, however this impact will be one of only marginal significance and will be short duration. The operation of the wastewater treatment plant will have a negligible impact for both options assessed and inaudible at all residences. It would be good practice to allow no residential development within 150m of the operating plant. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I20 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 10.0 LANDSCAPE 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.11 Bmkgmuizd This chapter will assess the likely visual and landscape impacts of the proposed project, including construction works, and suggest mitigation measures where practicable to minimise adverse impacts. 2000 - European Landscape Convention As a member of the Council of Europe, Ireland ratified the European Landscape Convention 2000, in March 2002. The ELC aims to promote landscape protection, landscape management and landscape planning. It aims to organise European wide co-operation on landscape issues. 2000 - DoEHLG Landscape Character Assessment Guidance The Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG) published The Laizdscape and Landscape Assessment Draft Guidelines 2000, in order to help Local Authorities to conduct their own landscape character assessment. This For inspection purposes only. document was publishedConsent around of copyright the owner same required time for asany theother Planninguse. and Development Act 2000 which required Local Authorities to consider the issue of landscape character when making policy objectives in their CDP. The expectation of the DoEHLG was that all the information gathered at Local Authority level would be combined to produce a National Landscape Character Map. However, these guidelines still remain in Draji form eight years after they were issued by the department and as such have no formal status. 2000 - The Planning and Development Act There is currently no legal definition of landscape in Irish law. There are, however, provisions in Irish law that relate to the preservation and conservation of the landscape under the Planning and Development Act 2000 including Sections 10, 202 and 204. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 121 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Section IO of the Planning and Development Act, 2000, requires Local Authorities to include objectives for the following in their Development Plans: (2)(e) the preservation of tlze character of the landscape where, and to tlze extent that, in the othion of the rdanninn authorih: the proper planning and sustainable development of the area requires it, ineluding the preservation of views and prospects and the amenities of places and features of natural beauty or interest. 2002 EPA Guidance on EIS The EPA’s Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact , Statements includes advice on what should be considered as part of a landscape impact assessment study. These Guidelines have been followed in this study. Local Landscape Policies Landscape Character Assessment 2002 Louth County Council published their Landscape Character Assessment Report in 2002. County Louth was classified into nine distinct Landscape Character Areas (L.C.A.s). Ardee is part of Muirhevna Plain, which is the largest landscape area in the county. ‘It is identifiedfor its flat undulating,featuresdrained by tlze meandering lazy rivers of the Fane, Glyde, White and Dee rivers’. County Development Plan For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The current County Development Plan (2003 - 2009) states (P 2.2, pg 30): ‘It is the policy qf the council to afford protection to tlze landscapes and natural environments of the county by permitting only those fornzs of development that are considered sustainable in rural areas and do not irreparably danzage or unduly detract from the character of the landscape or natural environnient’ ‘Louth County Council will cooperate with adjoining local authorities, both north and south of the border, including Newry and Mourne District Council, to ensure that the environment is maintained in a sustainable manner and will support the coordinated designation of sensitive landscapes and policy approach with adjoining areas ’. ~~ 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft ~ I22 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Local Area Plan Under the Ardee Local Area Plan the WWTP site is zoned as ‘Public Utilit.~’,as shown in the County Council Land Use Map, Figure 10.1. The land immediately west of the site is zoned ‘To Protect, provide and enlzance open space, amenities and recreation. The land to the south of the site, south of the River Dee, is zoned ‘To protect and/or enlzance amenity of developed residerztial corniizunities and provide for new residential conzinunities’. North of the site is zoned ‘To provide for nzixed coinnzercial /residential use /light industry’ and ‘Toprotect existing & to provide for indusrrial and related use’. East of the site and the River Dee the land is outside the town boundary and therefore is not zoned. 10.2 METHODOLOGY An outline 6f the methodology used in this assessment is provided below. ld 2 1 Desk Study Desk studies for this landscape and visual impact assessment, report entailed the following: Review of project design and siting information provided by the Client. Review of relevant landscape policies in the Louth County Development Plan 2003 - 2009, and the Landscape Character Assessment published in 2002. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. ld 2 2 S2e Investzgatzons A site visit is typically required in such projects in order to determine the following: Sense of local landscape character, values and sensitivity. Impression of the real context for the proposed development. Identification of sensitive visual receptions from where the proposed development might be visible. Estimation of likely landscape and visual impacts and classification of impact in relation to overall Significance. Identification of mitigation measures that would assist in the visual and I landscape integration of the proposed project. L 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft 123 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Ehgineers Sligo ZO. 2 3 hnpact Assessment Methodohgy Distinction between Visual Impact and Landscape Impact A distinction is made between the terms Visual Impact and Landscape Impact. Visual Impact in this study concerns the impact on views from houses and other sensitive receptor locations within the viewshed or visual catchment of the proposed works. Landscape Impact, on the other hand, examines the impact of the scheme in a more macro sense and dealing with the broader implications for landscape character and quality. Classification of Impact Estimation of impact upon landscape is reached using both quantitative and qualitative factors. It comprises three parts, as follows: (1 ) Visual presence; (2) Aesthetic impact on landscape context; and (3) Significance of the impact. Visual Presence This concerns how visually dominant the proposed development is on the landscape and is synonymous with the For concept inspection ofpurposes magnitude. only. Note that a strong visual presence Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. is not synonymous with adverse impact. It is assessed using the following five-point scale: Minimal Sub-dominant CO-dominant Dominant Highly dominant* Aesthetic Impact of the development on the Lundscupe Positive Adverse Major Moderate Minor Neutral Minor Moderate Major 4 This concerns the aesthetic relationship of the scheme to its context and whether it results in a negative or positive change. The aesthetic impact of the WWTP and other works will be classified using the following seven-point scale: 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 124 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Significance of the impact Overall summary classification of landscape and visual impact is done on the basis of a five point scale, as follows: Imperceptible; Slight; Moderate; Significant; and Profound. Z6! 2 4 Chracteriktk. of the Development I The main characteristics influencing the Visual Impact Assessment are outlined below: A new administratiodcaretaker building is proposed which will consist of administration, sanitary and workshop facilities, including adequate storage facilities. This building will be located within the boundary fence just south of the main access gate. An independent access gate will be provided for the building, with tarmacadamed access road, car parking facilities and turning area. This area will be completely surrounded by a 2.4 m high palisade security fence. 0 For inspection purposes only. The constructionConsent of copyright a 119m3 owner contact required for tank any other upstream use. of the existing aeration tanks. Details of the proposed structures are provided in Chapter 2 of this EIS. 10.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT The wastewater treatment plant is on the eastern edge of Ardee town, bounded by the N33 link road to the north, the River Dee to the east and south, and by improved agricultural grassland to the west. The overall character of the landscape surrounding the proposed development can be described as transitional, between residential / commercial to the west and south and improved agricultural land to the north and east. The landscape here is low lying and relatively flat which tends to limit views to the foreground. The maximum building height within the existing site is the existing 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft I25 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting ISngineers Sligo administration / control building, which stands at approximately 5.9 m high. Mature hedgerows along adjoining field boundaries help in screening the plant from potential sensitive receptors. 10.4 DO NOTHING IMPACT The do nothing impact refers to the non-implementation of the scheme resulting in the existing WWTP remaining in its current form. The primary effect of no scheme would be no change to the existing landscape. If the development were not to proceed, however, there may be adverse implications in the long term including constraining future residential and commercial development in the Ardee area due to lack of wastewater treatment facilities. 10.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT This section of the report will describe the potential landscape and visual impact of the proposed works. Visual impact concerns the degree to which views from sensitive receptors might be affected by the proposed works. Sensitive receptors in the case of Ardee WWTP include local residences, persons using the old railway line walkway, anglers on the River Dee and the N33 link road. 2& 3: 2 Comtructzoiz Phe Impacts arising during the construction phase will be relatively short term in duration and would mostly arise from For the inspection following purposes operations: only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. There will be relatively small scale construction activity at the WWTP site. Some water-based construction activity will be required in the River Dee to upgrade the outfall pipe, but this will be relatively minor. These activities will be taking place in a landscape of low scenic value. The key adverse visual and landscape impacts arising from the construction phase are likely to include the following: Visual disturbance associated with construction activity including operating machinery and equipment. Untidiness typically found on construction sites. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 126 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo As highlighted above, the impact of construction works is likely to be relatively short term and due to the fact that the site is already operating as a WWTP as opposed to a green field site the impact will not be as severe. Due to the extent of screening provided locally by the low lying landscape and mature hedgerow cover, visual presence of such works is likely to be Sub-Dominant in magnitude. Construction works are usually visually disruptive, however due to the fact that it is an existing brown field site, the impact is likely to be Minor Adverse. Considering both of these assessments, the overall Significance of impact of the construction phase is classified as Minor. t Operational Phase in the context of this report concerns the likely impact of the completed project post-construction but prior to implementation of mitigation measures. The WWTP will be screened from residential properties and the N33 link road by mature hedgerows and the low lying landscape. The overall height of the WWTP will not change 10.6 MITIGATION MEASURES Mitigation measures are outlined below for both the Construction Phase impacts as well as Operational Phase impacts. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Zd 6: 2 Co/istructzuiiPhme MihgatztCb/t Mitigation by Avoidance Avoid removal of trees, stonewalls, earth banks or other local features unless required for operational or health and safety reasons. Care should be taken not to undermine the roots of mature trees, which might threaten their longevity. Mitigation by Reduction The construction period should be kept as short as possible. All works areas should be kept as tidy as is practicable with waste material removed at regular intervals. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 127 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 .- Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo i Mitigation by Remediation On completion of site operations, all excavations, cuttings and areas of fill should be gradually graded to surrounding landform in order to minimise scarring of the local I landscape. I The operational phase of the development should have a positive visual impact providing the development is finished to a high standard of landscaping. Mitigation by Avoidance All construction materials and waste should be cleared from the site on completion. Mitigation by Reduction The use of conventional construction materials and finishes should be considered to assist in blending the WWTP into the landscape. Mitigation by Remediation The WWTP site should be maintained to a high standard. Native species should be planted along the boundary fence to assimilate the site into the surrounds. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 10.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT If the mitigation measures prescribed above under the Construction Phase and the Operational Phase are successfully implemented, the residual impacts of the scheme will be Slight or less. 10.8 CONCLUSION The visual and landscape impacts of the proposed WWTP upgrade were assessed. The surrounding landscape of the WWTP site is low lying and naturally screened by existing mature hedgerows. It can be concluded that the residual impact on completion of mitigation measures will be at worst Slight in the order of magnitude of overall significance. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 128 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 11.0 MATERIAL ASSETS 11.1 INTRODUCTION This section of the EIS examines the Material Assets in the vicinity of Ardee WWTP. The aim of this section is to assess the impact the proposed development will have on these material assets. Where a significant negative impact can be foreseen, an attempt is made to reduce or remove it by way of practicable mitigation measures. Material Assets were examined under the following headings:- * Infrastructure Roads / Traffic 11.2 INFRASTRUCTURE Ardee is the third largest town in County Louth and occupies a strategic position on the East Coast of Ireland, midway between Belfast and Dublin. It is well positioned adjacent to key transport links, the E01 euro-route connecting the main ports on the Island, Larne and Rosslare, the MI motorway from Dublin to Belfast, the N2 route from Derry and Donegal to Dublin and the Dublin /Belfast rail line. Ardee also benefits from being in close proximity to the two major airports in Ireland, Belfast and Dublin International Airports. Public transport in Ardee isFor served inspection mainly purposes only.by Bus Eireann, which provides services Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. linking Ardee to Dublin, Dundalk, Drogheda and other larger centres of population throughout the country. A number of private bus operators also serve Ardee. Ardee is well positioned within the Ireland's National Grid ensuring a reliable electricity supply. Broadband is widely available in the area. Ardee is serviced by a high standard of water supply, which is upgraded on an on- going basis. Ardee is serviced by a sewerage system, which has currently reached the limit of its capacity. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 129 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Impact of the Development It is envisaged that the proposed development will have no negative impact on the transport infrastructure, electricity supply, broadband availability or water supply. However, the proposed development will have a positive impact on the sewerage system. Mitigation Measures No mitigation of impacts is required. Coizclusiort The proposed development is not expected to impact negatively on any infrastructure, while a positive impact will be evident for the sewerage system. 11.3 ROADS / TRAFFIC This Section of the EIS examines the Traffic and Roads aspects of the proposed upgrade to the existing Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The aim of this section is to assess the impact the proposed development will have on the surrounding road network. The report includes an appraisal of all transport related issues related to the treatment For inspection purposes only. works and includes theConsent following, of copyright owner required for any other use. Description of the proposed development The current traffic and road situation The route for vehicular access to the proposed development Traffic generation and distribution from the proposed development Traffic impact of the development on the surrounding road network Mitigation measures applicable to the current road network to facilitate the proposed development. Ardee is served by two National Primary Routes, the N2 and N33, one National Secondary Route, the N52, and three regional routes the R 165, R 170 and R 17 I. The 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 130 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jeiinings O'Do~~ovan& Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo N2 links Ardee to the city of Dublin to the South and the city of Deny to the North, via the A5. The distances to these cities are 74km and 163km respectively. The N33 links Ardee to the MI Motorway, lOkm to the east. The N52 links Ardee to the town of Kells, Co. Meath to the South West and to the regional centre of Dundalk to the northeast. The distances to these towns are 30km and 19km respectively. The RI71 links Ardee to Dundalk Town via the villages of Tallanstown and Louth village. The R170 links Ardee to the town of Dunleer. The R165 links Ardee to the town of Kingscourt in Co. Cavan. Access to the WWTP Site The existing site access as shown in Figure 11.1 will be used by all traffic generated by the proposed development, during both construction and operational phases. Vehicular access from the site is gained from a site access road that joins with Tierney Street. From Tierney street traffic can turn onto the N2 National Primary Route/Bridge St/Castle St, which passes through the town centre. Once on the N2 traffic can then travel out of the Town Centre easily via the N2, N33 or N52. This is the route which will be used by construction, traffic and operational traffic once the WWTP is built. Existing Roads and Junctions For inspection purposes only. An assessment was madeConsent of of thecopyright roads owner that required will for beany usedother use. by the traffic generated by the proposed development. Figure 11.2; outlines these traffic routes and the relevant road numbers. Refer also to photographs in Appendix G. The existing access road that extends from the eastern end of Tierney Street is approximately 350 m long. The road is quite narrow and varies in width from 4.0 m to 4.6 m. The road surface is in good condition and there are no road markings. Tierney Street links the site access road to the N2. It is a single-carraigeway road with no hard shoulders. The road surface is in good condition for the majority of the streets' length. However the road surface is in pool- condition for a 190 m section at the eastern end of the street. This appears to be due to construction work which is ongoing in the area. The road is generally 6.0 metres wide, however it narrows to 5.4 metres at the roads junction with the N2. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 131 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 1 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Tierney Street forms a simple junction with the N2. Even though widths are restricted, large vehicles will not have any difficulty turning from Tierney Street onto the N2 because the N2 is very wide at this location. The N2 National Primary Road is the main road linking Dublin to Derry. The N2 passes through Ardee Town Centre. South of its junction with Tierney Street it is known as Bridge Street. North of this junction it is known as Castle Street. In the vicinity of its junction with Tierney Street, Bridge Street is a single carriageway road with no hard shoulders and footpaths on both sides. There is on-street parking on the eastern side of the road only and the roadway is approximately 8 metres wide. Castle Street is a single-carraigeway road with no hard shoulders and footpaths on both sides. The roadway is quite wide with an average width of 11 metres. There is on street parking on both sides of the road. The road surface is in good condition at both Bridge Street and Castle Street. The N33 National Primary Road is the main road linking Ardee to the M 1 Motorway. The N33 joins the N2 at a roundabout on the northern outskirts of Ardee Town. The N33 is a single-carraigeway road with hard shoulders on both sides but no footpaths. The roadway is quite wide with a carriageway width of approximately 7 metres and hard shoulders of 3 metres on both sides. The road surface is in excellent condition. The N52 National Secondary Road is the main road linking Ardee to Kells to the southwest and Dundalk to the northeast. Close to Ardee Town Centre the roadway is For inspection purposes only. generally 6.0 wide (includingConsent of copyright the hard owner strip)required forwith any othera footpath use. width of 1.2 metres on the northern side of the road. The road surface is in reasonable good condition. The N52 is a single-carraigeway road with a narrow hard strip on both sides. The N52 joins the N2 at a simple junction just North from the junction of Tierney Street. Even though widths are restricted on the N52, large vehicles will not have any difficulty turning from the N52 onto the N2 because the N2 is very wide at this location. Existing Traffic Flows It is envisaged that the proposed development will have an impact on the N2, N33 and N52 National Roads and Tierney Street. Traffic count information for the National Roads is available and published on the National Roads Authority (NRA) website. Therefore Jennings O'Donovan & Partners restricted traffic counts to Tierney Street. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I32 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O‘Donovan & Partners Consuiting Engineers Sligo Site visits were carried out on the 16th and the 28th of June and it was noted that there was a large volume of traffic using the N2 and N52 to travel through Ardee Town Centre. However despite the large volumes, the traffic is moving well through the town and no congestion was observed. It was also noted that the junction of Tierney Street and the N2 is coping well with the existing volume of traffic on it and from observation has some spare capacity. Traffic volumes on Tierney Street were observed to be low on both occasions. Traffic counts were carried out during the mid-day peak hour between 12.00 pm and 13.00 pm on the 28th of June 2008 at Tierney Street. A breakdown of the results can I be seen in Table 10.1. ji Traffic flows on the N2, N33 ancl N52 were taken from the NRA Document “National Roads and Traffic Flow 2004 (2005) Preliminary Figures June 2005” and factored in accordance with NRA Document “Future Traffic Forecasts 2002 to 2040” in order to obtain 2008 traffic flows. The results can be seen in Table 10.2. b008 2-Way Peak Hour Traffic Flow b008 AADT Tierney Street 1I4 I, 140 For inspection purposes only. Road 2004 Consent2008 of copyright factor owner 2004required for any other2008 use. 2008 AADT Peak Hour Factor AADT Traffic N2 100% 115.5% 16,610 19,185 1,919 N3 3 100% 115.5% 6,843 7,904 790 N5 2 100% 114.8% 4,745 5,447 545 I I I 1 I I I Table 10.2 National Road Traffic Flows & Growth Factors Transport Generation Demand This section of the report estimates the trips generated by the proposed development and the distribution of the generated traffic to the existing road network. Trip Generation Methods Traffic generation may be calculated by a number of methods including: 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Drafi 133 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo (i) Trips per household / development, based on surveys at similar sites (using the TRICS database); or (ii) First principles estimation based on population numbers and transport modal splits. First principles estimation was used to calculate the trips generation for this development. The results are described as follows. Trip Generation Results Traffic generated by the proposed development can be divided into two phases, traftic generated during the-construction phase of the development and traffic generated during the operation of the development. Traffic volumes are based on construction of similar developments throughout the country. Construction It is perceived that traffic generated during the construction phase of the proposed development will have the greatest impact on the existing road network. The construction period is estimated to be one year. A niaximum of 14 and an average of 11 truck and car movements per hour are estimated during the one year construction I period. Maximum vehicle movements are expected to be towards the beginning of the construction phase associated with earthworks operations. Traffic movements to and For inspection purposes only. from the site are expectedConsent ofto copyright be evenly owner spreadrequired for throughout any other use. the working day. 0per atio n Once constructed, the proposed site would require a maximum of 2 operational staff on a full time basis. The WWTP works would require a maximum of 2 truck movements per day with a further 8 car movements per day to facilitate routine operations and maintenance, resulting in a maximum of 10 vehicle movements per day. Impact of the Development The greatest impact of the proposed development on the existing road network would be during the construction period along Tierney Street and the existing site access road. The impact of traffic on the NUBridge St/Castle St would be the second most 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 134 I8/07/?008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 ...... - ...... , ...... -. . . Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo severe and is also detailed in Table 10.3. The impact on the N33 and N52 will be less severe as the traffic will have dispersed more by the time it reaches these roads. 2-Way Traffic on Tierney Street Vehicles /Peak Hour Vehicles /Day Existing Traffic 114 912 Construction Maximum 20 160 Construction Average 11 88 On Commissioning (Average) 2 16 2-Way Traffic on the N2Bridge St/Castle St Vehicles / Hour I Vehicles / Day I I I Existing Traffic I 1,919 I 15,352 Construction Maximum 20 160 Construction Average 11 88 On Commissioning (Average) 2 16 Table 10.3 Traf'fic Impact The proposed development will lead to increased traffic volumes on the site access road, Tierney Street, N2/Bridge St/Castle St, N52 and N33 during the construction period. These volumes have been estimated and are considered low relative to the existing volume of traffic on the N2/Bridge St/Castle St, N52 and N33. The volume of construction traffic is considered high relative to the existing volume of traffic on Tierney street and the site access road. However the existing volume of traffic on For inspection purposes only. Tierney Street is veryConsent low ofand copyright Tierney owner Streetrequired forhas any spare other use. capacity available to carry this additional traffic. It is therefore considered that the construction traffic will not have a significant impact on the traffic in the area. Upon completion of the development, traffic volumes associated with the development will reduce to just above the current volume. Mitigation Measures The site access road that extends from the end of Tierney Street to the WWTP is quite narrow with a width of 4.0 to 4.6 metres. This is too narrow to allow two large construction vehicles pass each other. This roadway will require local widening to provide a facility for vehicles to pass without the need for reversing. Passing bays that provide inter-visibility between vehicles using the access road are recommended. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Drafi 135 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Two passing bays each being 25 metres long and 3.0 metres wide are proposed as shown in Figure 1 1.2. Conclusion The proposed route from the site to the N2 National Primary RoadBridge St/Castle St is the only route available. Therefore, it will not be necessary for Louth County Council / Site Supervisory Staff to monitor construction vehicles to ensure they use this route. No reinstatement other than that associated with the construction of the passing bays on the site access road and maintenance of the site access road (if required) is proposed as part of this development. The proposed development may have a slight impact on local traffic volumes during the construction phase while no impact on traffic is envisaged during the operational phase. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 136 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 12.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE 12.1 INTRODUCTION 22 I; 2 Background John Cronin & Associates were commissioned by Jennings 0 ’Donovan Consulting Engineers, to assess the cultural heritage impact of the proposed Ardee Sewerage Scheme Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) upgrade at Cappocksgreen, Ardee, Co. Louth. For the purposes of this report, the term ‘Cultural Heritage’ encompasses the archaeological, architectural and local heritage (placenames, folklore etc.) resource. 22 I;2 Relevant Legh-1aZh.z The management and protection of cultural heritage in Ireland is achieved through a framework of international conventions and national laws and policies (Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands 1999, 35). This is undertaken in accordance with the provisions of the European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Valletta Convention) and European Convention on the Protection of Archifecturul Herifage (Grenada Convention). Cultural heritage can be divided loosely into the archaeological resource, including sites and monuments from the prehistoric period (7000BC) until the post-medieval period (1 600AD); and the built heritage resource, encompassing standing structures and sites cultural For inspection purposes only. of Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. importance dating from the post-medieval and modern period. The Archaeological Resource - The National Monuments Acts 1930 to 2004, the Heritage Act 1995 and relevant provisions of the National Cultural Institutions Act 1997 are the primary means of ensuring the satisfactory protection of archaeological remains, which are deemed to include all man-made structures, of whatever form or date, except buildings habitually used for ecclesiastical purposes. A national monument is described as ‘a monument or the remains of a monument the preservation of which is a matter of national importance by reason of the historical, architectural, traditional, artistic or archaeological interest attaching thereto’ (Section 2, National Monument Act, 1930). There are a number of mechanisms under the National Monuments Act that are applied to secure the protection of archaeological monuments. These include the 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 137 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Register of Historic Monuments, the Record of Monuments and Places (formerly the Sites and Monuments Record) (RMP), and the placing of Preservation Orders and Temporary Preservation Orders on endangered sites. Since 2002, the administration of national policy in relation to archaeological heritage management has been undertaken by the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. The State may acquire or assume guardianship of national monuments by agreement with site owners or under compulsory order. Once the site is in ownership or guardianship of the State it may not be interfered with without the written consent of the Minister. There are no national monuments located on or adjacent to the WWTP site. Sites deemed to be in danger of injury or destruction can be allocated Preservation Orders under the 1930 Act. Preservation Orders make any interference to the site illegal. Temporary Preservation Orders can be attached under the 1954 Act. These perform the same function as a Preservation Order but have a time limit of six months, after which the situation surrounding the site must be reviewed. Work may only be undertaken on or in the vicinity of sites under Preservation Orders by the written consent, and at the discretion, of the Minister. There are no sites subject to preservation orders located on or adjacent to the WWTP site. Section 12 (1) of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994 made provision I for the establishment and maintenance of a Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) For inspection purposes only. deemed to have culturalConsent of heritage copyright owner potential. required for Supersedingany other use. the Register of Historic I Monuments, which was established under the 1987 Amendment to the Act, the RMP comprises of a list and maps of monuments and relevant places in respect of each county in the State. All sites recorded on the RMP receive statutory protection under the National Monuments Act 1994 and any work undertaken at these sites must be done so under licence (Section 12 (3)). Eight recorded archaeological sites (RMPs) are recorded within a 300 metre radius of the WWTP site boundary (see Figure 12.1 and Table 12. I). 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 138 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo RMP No. Classification Townland NG Co-ordinates 1 LHO17-083--- Ringfort Dawson’s Demesne 297205,290572 LHOl7-091--- Souterrain Broadlough 297339,291 039 LHO17-105--- Fulacht Fiadh (possible) Broadlough 297782,290908 LHOl7-106--- Fulacht Fiadh (possible) Cappocksgreen 297 164, 290974 LHO17-109--- I Pit 1 Dawson’s Demesne 1 297228,290709 1 LHOl7- I IO--- ~ Fulacht Fiadh 1 Broadlough 1 297349,290951 LHO17-012001- Castle-Motte Dawson’s Demesne 1 297 129,290572 I For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Figure 12.1: Location of known archaeological sites in the vicinity of the WWTP (Source: www.archaeology.ie) In the townland of Cappocksgreen, c. 10m to the north of the WWTP was a possible fulacht fiadh (RMP LHO17-106---) (now excavated, see Section 12.3.4 below). In the adjacent townland to the north and east, Broadlough, a souterrain (RMP LHOl7-019-- c 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 139 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jeiiniiigs O’Do~iovai:& Partners Consulting Eiigiiieers Sligo i -) and a fulacht fiadh (RMP LHO 17-1 lo---)lie c. 10-20 metres from the eastern and north-eastern extent of the WWTP. The latter site, the fulacht fiadh has been excavated (see Section 12.3.4 below). Along the line of the N33, 300 metres directly east of the WWTP, a possible fulachta fiadh has been recorded (RMP LHO 17- 1 OS-). To the south of the WWTP in the townland of Dawson’s Demesne c. 100 metres from the southern boundary a pit has been recorded (RMP LHO 17-109---) and excavated (see Section 12.3.4 below). An Anglo-Norman castle-motte (late 12‘”/early 13“’ century) lies c. 150 metres south of the latter site (RMP LHOl7-012001-), a building associated with the motte has also been considered by some to be of archaeological significance (RMP LHO17-012002-). Finally c. 200 metres beyond the motte and on the eastern side of the link road a ringfort has been recorded (RMP LHOl7-083---). The National Museum of Ireland is the national repository for all archaeological objects found in Ireland. This museum houses over 2,000,000 artefacts which range in date between 7000BC and the late medieval period. The Museum’s Topographical Finds Register provides a record of all stray finds, provenanced to townland. Metal slag and waste flints were found within c. 300m of the WWTP in Broadlough townland where the souterrain (RMP LHOl7-091---) was also sited. There are a number of other recorded finds from neighbouring townlands including: a stone axehead; flint arrowhead; bronze pin; bronze horse bridle pendent; bronze axehead, scored stone fragment; iron dagger hilt; medieval font and flint-lock pistol from the ‘Ardee’ area; a bronze spearhead; medieval pottery sherds, a medieval midden and a For inspection purposes only. medieval font from StickillenConsent of copyright (for ownera more required detailed for any other description use. of these artefacts see Appendix H: Museum Artefact Record). Architectural and Built Heritage Protection of architectural or built heritage is provided through a range of legal instruments including: The Heritage Act, I995 This Act protects all heritage buildings owned by a local authority from damage and destruction. Section 2.1 describes architectural heritage as ‘all structures, buildings, traditional and designed, and groups of buildings including streetscapes and urban vistas, which are of historical, archaeological, artistic, engineering, scientific, social or technical interest, together with their setting, attendant grounds, fixtures, fittings and contents, and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, includes 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 140 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jeniiiiigs O’Doiiovaii & Partners Coiisu 1t iiig Engineers Sligo railways and related buildings and structures and any place comprising the remains or traces of any such railway, building or structure’. The Heritage Council was also established under the Heritage Act. The Council seeks to promote the interest in, knowledge and protection of Irish heritage, including the architectural resource. The Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) The Architectural Heritage Act, 1999, requires the Minister to establish a survey to identify record and evaluate the architectural heritage of the country. The function of the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) is to record all built heritage structures within the Republic of Ireland. Inclusioii in an NIAH inventory does not provide statutory protection; the document is used to advise local authorities on coinpilation of a Record of Protected Structures (RPS) as required by the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 2000. Within the townland of Cappocksgreen a restored mill has been recorded by the NIAH (Registration No. 13823061) and dated c. 1850 however a study of the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map for the area supports a pre- 184 1 date (see Figures 12.3 & 12.4 & Appendix H, Plates 7-8). There is also a grain store, mill race and weir associated with this site. In addition to this site there are two recorded NIAH structures within the townland of Dawson’s Demesne: a Railway Station Master’s House (Reg. No. 13823059) and the Railway Station (Reg. No. 13823060) which are also listed on the Record of Protected Structures of the Louth County development For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Plan (see below). None of these NIAH structures shall be impacted by the proposed WWTP upgrade. The Local Government (Planning and Development) Act 2000 Under the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 2000, all Planning Authorities are obliged to keep a ‘Record of Protected Structures’ of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest. As of the Is‘January 2000, all structures listed for protection in current Development Plans, have become ‘protected structures’. Since the introduction of this legislation, planning permission is required for any works to a protected structure that would affect its character. If a protected structure is endangered, planning authorities may issue a notice to the owner or occupier requiring works to be carried out. The Act contains comprehensive powers for local authorities to require the owners and occupiers to do works on a protected structure if it is endangered, or a protected 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Drafi 141 I2/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo structure or a townscape of special character that ought to be restored. There are no protected structures within or immediately adjacent to the proposed WWTP site as per the Louth County Development Plan 2003-2009 and the Ardee Local Area Plan 2003-2009. There are several protected structures located within Ardee town as per the County Development Plan, and the Local Area Plan, none of which shall be affected by the proposed scheme. In addition, from the surrounding townlands, the following are listed in the County Development Plan, although none are impacted by the project: LhsOl7-028, Cappocksgreen, College Park: Chantry College (in ruins) LhsO 17-030, Cappocksgreen: Remnants of medieval town wall LhsOl7-034, Dawson’s Demesne: Caste Guard Fort (motte) LhsOl7-039, Dawson’s Demesne, O’Carroll Street: Former Railway Station Building LhsOl7-040, Dawson’s Demesne, O’Carroll Street: Two storey red brick house adjacent to former railway station LhsOl7-04 I, Dawson’s Demesne, O’Carroll Street: Former Railway Locomotive Shed: Railway Building 12.2 METHODOLOGY I22 Z Desk Study A desktop survey of cultural heritage sites within the study area was carried out in For inspection purposes only. order to assess its culturalConsent ofheritage copyright constraints.owner required for The any other Record use. of Morzuments and Places (RMP) of County Louth, as published by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland, was es the principal source for identifying archaeological constraints. Additional information was gained from the Sites and Monuntents Record (SMR) for the county and a review of local journals and publications. In addition the following sources were consulted: All available Ordnance Survey maps for the area Topographical Files, National Museum of Ireland Louth County Development Plan 2003 - 2009 Ardee Local Area Plan 2003 - 2009 Excavations database (1 970 - 2000) & Excavation Bulletins 2001, 2002, & 2003 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 142 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jetitiitigs O'Doiiovaii & Partilers Consulting Engineers Sligo 12.2.2 Site Investigations An archaeological inspection of the WWTP site was undertaken in April 2008 by a suitably qualified archaeologist & built heritage specialist. A photographic record was also taken and is presented in Appendix H. 12.2.3 Impact Assessment Methodology Development impacts have been assessed as per EPA, 2003 Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements) on Cultural Heritage, including folklore / tradition, architecture / settlements and monuments / features, following a baseline study of the existing cultural heritage features in the area of the proposed development, as well as per the Institute of Archaeologists (IAI) Good Practice Guidelines. Assessment and classification of impacts have been identified in terms of: 0 Direct or indirect effect 0 Primary or secondary effect 0 Cumulative properties of impact 0 Length of term of effect (short, medium or long term) 0 Permanence of effect 0 Positive or negative effect 12.2.4 Characteristicsof the Development For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The development will involve the upgrading of an existing 5,800 P.e WWTP to a 12,500 P.e WWTP at Cappocksgreen, Ardee, Co. Louth in order to provide the required infrastructure needed to accommodate the expansion of Ardee into the future. The proposed upgrading shall be a two-phased programme, sized to accommodate a peak load of 10,OOOP.e. for Phase 1 and a P.e. of 12,500 for Phase 2. The existing outfall pipe which discharges into the River Dee shall be retained and is sufficient to meet the requirements of the proposed upgrade (see Drawing No 4383/EIS/02 Existing Wastewater Treatment Plant Layout Plan & Drawing No 43 83/EIS/04 Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant Layout Plan). 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft I43 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jeiiiiiiigs O'Doiiovaii & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 12.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT 12.3.1 Environmental Context The WWTP is located outside the easternmost urban extent of Ardee town, within the townland of Cappocksgreen, on the northern banks of the River Dee (see Figure 12.2: Site Location & Appendix H, Plate 1). The current N33 serving access to the M1 to Belfast and Dublin circumnavigates north of the site c. 20 metres from the site boundary, occupying the former route of the railway line. A link road from Ardee town to the N33 lies c. 30 metres to the easternmost extension of the site (see Appendix H, Plates 2-4). The River Dee flows from the west, turning south-east of the site and continues north, surrounding the WWTP to the south and east. The WWTP outfall pipe extends across the site from the westernmost pump house to where it joins and discharges into the current on the eastern path of the River Dee at the eastern site boundary (see Appendix H, Plates 5 & 6). For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Figure 12.2 WWTP Site Location 12.3.2 Archaeological and Historical Background Ardee is a good example of a town with medieval origins surviving in Ireland and is itself a Recorded Monument (LHOl7-101---). Situated on the flat undulating lowland 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft 144 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jeritiirigs O'Dotiovati & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo forming the southern part of the ancient plain of Muirtheimne, it is located c. 24kms north-west of Drogheda and c. 18kms south west of Dundalk. Ardee has occupied a strategic crossing point on the banks of the River Dee (which formed the northern border of the Pale in medieval times) since pre Christian times, and was originally called Atherdee from the Irish Ath Fhirdia (the Ford of Ferdia), in reference to the mythological four day battle between Cuchulainn and Ferdia, for the defence of Ulster from Queen Maeve of Connacht. The Prehistoric Period The Mesolithic period in Ireland (7000BC- 4000BC) is defined by the occupational evidence found to date which traces people who were stone age hunters, fishers and gatherers, living on the coastline and along rivers, but with no knowledge of farming. They used flint and other stones to manufacture sharp tools; their temporary, seasonal settlements can now be identified by locating scatters of discarded stone tools, and the debris from their manufacture, in ploughed fields. The area around Ardee was known to man in prehistoric times and the earliest evidence comes from the Mesolithic when the River Dee formed an important routeway from the interior to the coast. Record of a flint implement of Mesolithic date has been found near the town (Delany, O'Hara & Lovely 2007). There was a decisive change in the economy of prehistoric Ireland shortly after 4000BC: from a hunting and foraging lifestyle to an economy based on stock raising For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. and cereal cultivation (Waddell 2000). This has traditionally been considered one of the characteristic features of the Neolithic period. The presence of a Neolithic population in the area is reflected by artefacts including a stone axehead found in Ardee townland and a flint arrowhead found in Broadlough townland (see Appendix H: Museum Artefact Record). Metalworking arrived in the area c.2200BC with the development of bronze and from c.5OOBC onwards the shift from bronze usage towards the development of iron was apparent. The change associated with the initial development of metalworking is reflected in a move from large communal tombs to individual burials in small pits or stone cists; a distinctive burial custom, often tenned the 'single burial tradition'. In the initial stages of this tradition both inhumation and cremation were practised. Burial in cairns (stone mounds), barrows and tumuli (earthen mounds) or cists (box- like and slab-built burial compartments) was fairly common. The results from excavations suggest a long tradition for these classes of monument ranging in date 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS -Draft 145 I210912008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jeritiitigs O'Dono\~ati& Partners Cotisultiiig Etigitieers Sligo from the Neolithic to Early Bronze Age times. There are no such recorded monuments within 1 kin of the WWTP site but bronze objects from this period in the form of a pin, a horse bridle pendent and a spear head were recovered from Ardee townland and attest the continuing presence and development of a prehistoric population in the area (see Appendix H: Museum Artefact Record). Fulachta fiadh, meaning cooking places of the wild (or of deer) are believed to be typical of the Bronze Age. They frequently survive as low mounds, often horseshoe- shaped, of charcoal-enriched soil packed with fragments of heat-shattered stones; when levelled they are often noticeable as black spreads in ploughed fields. They are usually situated close to a water source, such as a stream or spring, or in wet marshy areas. They can occur singly or in groups of up to ten (0 Drisceoil 1991). It is generally thought that they were used as cooking places (0 Drisceoil 1988) but Lucas (1965) suggested that they might have been utilised for bulk washing, dying and leather working and Barfield and Hodder (1 987) have suggested that such sites were covered by light structures and used as sweat houses. Two possible fulachta fiadh (RMP LHO 17- 106--- & RMP LHOl7- 105---) and one confirmed fulachta fiadh (RMP LHOl7-1 lo---) have been identified within a 300 metre radius of the WWTP site boundary. The Early Medieval Period (AD 400 - 1169) The Early Medieval period (AD 400 - 1169) was a time of profound internal social For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. and economic change in Ireland, which saw the introduction and establishment of Christianity. The archaeological record has produced an overwhelming amount of evidence for both Early Medieval and Early Christian activity. Such sites included are ringforts or raths, souterrains, earthworks, crannogs and ecclesiastical remains. In Dawson's Demesne townland a ringfort has been recorded (RMP LHO 17-083---); whilst a souterrain was recorded in Broadlough townland (RMP LHO 17-0 19---). The ringfort or rath is basically a circular or roughly circular area enclosed by an earthen bank formed of material thrown up from a concentric fosse (or ditch) on its outside. Archaeological excavation has shown that the majority of ringfort-raths were enclosed farmsteads, built in the early medieval period (AD 500 - 1169). Souterrains (underground chambers) are often found in association with ringforts. The process of conversion to Christianity of the native population would not have been rapid but rather one of steady infiltration. Over and above the change in religious outlook that conversion would have meant for the individual, the 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I46 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:25 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Siigo establishment of the Irish Church was to have profound implications for political, social and economic life, in no small part due to the introduction of writing into the country. In Ireland there was from now on ‘in existence an organisation part of whose function was to maintain contacts, both in ideas and through individuals, between Ireland and the rest of Europe’ (Mallory & McNeill 1991). The introduction and establishment of Christianity is attested to in the archaeological record by the presence of church sites, associated places for Christian burial and holy wells. It has been suggested that Ardee was the site of an early Christian monastery but no remains of the site exist and the historical evidence is scant (Delany, O’Hara & Lovely 2007). The Late Medieval Period (AD 1169 - 1600) The arrival and conquest of large parts of Ireland by the Anglo-Normans (or more correctly Cambro-Normans) in the late-twelftWearly thirteenth century marks a watershed in the political history of Ireland. Ardee was probably officially founded as a town by Gilbert Pippard who was given the barony of Ardee in 1 I85 by Prince John. The Pippards were prominent land- holders in Oxfordshire (Smith 1999, 30). Lewis (1 837) states that Ardee was: ‘...chiefly indebted for its former prosperity and importance to Roger de Pippart, one of the English adventurers, who became lord of the surrounding territory, and erected a strong castle here, For inspection about purposes the beginning only. of the thirteenth century.’ Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The town grew substantially in the thirteenth century with a parish church, two monasteries of Crutched Friars and Carmelites, a chantry college and three castles. The long street now known as Market Street and Castle Street formed the main artery of the town and its relative width would suggest that it also acted as a market place. Ardee primarily functioned as a market town for agricultural produce from the surrounding countryside. The fisheries of Ardee and the three mills mentioned in historic documents also played an important role in the economy of the town in the thirteenth century (Delany, O’Hara & Lovely 2007). The parish church of Saint Mary’s was established in the town in 1179, a Crouched friary was dedicated to Saint John by Roger de Pipard in 1207 and the Carmelite friary was possibly also founded by the Pipard family in 1274. In 1315 a crowd of men, women and children fled to the Carmelite church for protection from an army of 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 147 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Scots and Irish under Edward Bruce, and were burnt to death inside. Both friaries were dissolved during the reign of Henry VIII. Murage grants for the town walls were granted during the fourteenth century and the town was contained within these limits. The street pattern of Ardee is essentially linear with one broad street formed by Market Street and Castle Street running north south to which a number of streets are aligned at right angles. Among these is Ash Walk-Lambs Lane which forms an east west axis making an intersection which was referred to in 1540 as the great cross of the town. This axis is also marked by two opposing gates in the town wall; Ash Walk Gate to the west and Cappocks Gate to the east. This intersection may also have marked the location of the market cross which is now located in St. Mary’s Church. The medieval burgage plot pattern survives well along both sides of Market Street. No evidence survives as to the nature of medieval housing in Ardee however two fifteenth century fortified houses are present in Market Street (Delaney, O’Hara & Lovely, 2007). Medieval Ireland was a heavily encastellated land. Leask (1 95 I) estimated that 3,000 castles (including earth-and-timber castles and late semi-fortified houses) were built in Ireland between the late 1100s and the 1600s. Almost all the extant Anglo- Norman stone buildings of a non-ecclesiastical nature in Ireland appear to have been equipped for defending or were parts of larger complexes, which were so equipped (O’Keeffe 2000). As such, in a military sense they can be termed castles. Very few of the wealthiest Irish castles Forof inspectionthe twelfth purposes and only. thirteenth centuries rival the wealthiest Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. contemporary English or Continental castles, in either scale or sophistication. Earth- and-timber castles constitute Anglo-Norman motte-and-bailey castles. Dating between the late 1 100s and late 1200s, a motte has a circular ground plan, its sides are precipitous and its summit is flat, atop which would have been a timber towerkastle. The bailey was an embanked enclosure at the foot of the mound which contained a range of structures such as halls and kitchens essential to the functioning of the entire castle, although smaller-scale mottes of lesser lords tended not to have baileys. Ardee had three castles including Hatch’s Castle, St. Leger’s Castle: a large fortified medieval tower house and Dawson’s Moat [Motte], also known as ‘Castle Guard’, surviving as an earthwork east of the town and lying within 300m metres of the WWTP in the townland of Dawson’s Demesne (hlP LHO17-012001-). ‘The Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ireland’ (I 845) described it as: 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I48 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 1 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo ‘A large artificial mount ...at the south entrance of the town ...a remarkable and curious object. It is encompassed by a double ditch and vallum; is approached and ascended by a raised path across the ditch and up the side; and has on its summit the vestiges of apparently an octangular tower, surrounded by a wall or rampart.. .The mount appears to have been designed for both residence and defence.. . ’ Lewis (1 837) said this was: ‘...anciently called Cnuc na Scanghain and the seat of the chiefs of the district’. Gilbert Pipard initiated the construction of Castle Guard Motte by at least 1189 (Gwynn 1946, 78; Smith 1999, 32). The motte was designed to be an earth and timber castle and would act as a military strongpoint and the caput or administrative centre of Pipard lands in Ardee, roughly corresponding with the modern barony of the same name. By 1196 the motte was one of five in County Louth, the others being Louth, Donaghmoyne, Dundalk and Carlingford (Smith 1999, 37). This number was to increase greatly in the next decades: 25 mottes were recorded in County Louth by the Archaeological Survey (Buckley and Sweetman I99 I, 28 I). Castle Guard Motte continued to be of importance throughout the medieval period. With its surrounding manor, the motte came under the control of the Crown in the early years of the 14th century. In 13 19 it was granted to John de Birmingham; in the 15th century the manor was controlled by the Faunt family. James Butler, Earl of Ormond For inspection purposes only. (TipperaryIKilkenny),Consent died of at copyright this site owner in required 1452 for (Bradley any other use. 1984, 278). The motte is situated on a slight rise not far from the River Dee. It consists of a large flat-topped mound surrounded by a wide fosse and from northeast to southhouthwest by a low outer bank. Illustrations by Wright (I 758) depict two surrounding banks and an octagonal feature (possibly a post-medieval feature) on the summit of the mound although there are no traces of these today save for one low outer bank. McIvor (1 959, 163) states that a wooden structure on the summit was burnt by Bruce in 13 15, and Orpen (1908, 263) believed that it was the site of the first Pipard castle of ‘Atherdee’ . The Post-Medieval Period (AD1600 - Present) The sixteenth century was a turbulent time in Irish political matters. A new order of Irish lordships emerged as previous English settlements were almost eliminated. During the later sixteenth century the Irish lords came into bitter conflict with 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 149 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo England when the Tudor kings and queens, particularly Elizabeth I, were determined to assert (or re-assert) English control tightly over Ireland. The resulting wars, in which Ulster figured largely in the form of the O’Neill’s and O’Donnell’s, from the 1560s to 1603, bring this unsettled period to an end. In 1538, Ardee was burnt by O’Neill and was again razed to the ground during the 1641 Rebellion. After the turbulent times of the previous century, the eighteenth century was a time of prosperity for newly established Protestant gentry and landowners in Ireland. The success of the Protestant cause and the effective obliteration of political opposition brought to the country a century of peace. From 1691 until the Rebellion of 1798, Ireland witnessed few dramatic events. By 1837 Ardee contained 6181 inhabitants, of which 3975 were in the town and the surrounding countryside was utlised (Lewis 1837): ‘The parish comprises.. .4884Yz statute acres. With the exception of about 300 acres of bog, it is principally under tillage; the soil is very fertile, and the system of agriculture much improved. It contains several quarries of lime-stone and greenstone. The surrounding scenery has been much improved by extensive planting.’ The Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ireland (1 845) paints a picture of bustling industry: ‘In Ardee are 14 large malting establishments, 1 tannery, 2 corn-mills, and a For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. considerable domestic manufacture of baskets. Much corn is sold at the weekly Tuesday market; a considerable retail trade exists in the supply of the circumjacent country; and fairs are held on March 1st, April 1Oth, May 26th, July 8th, August 10th and 1 Ith, October 12th, and December 6th. A corn-market was erected by the corporation, about the year 18 10, at the cost of nearly &2,000;and a meat-market or shambles, in 1796 at the cost of about 2600. A mail car is daily in transit between Drogheda and Louth. The town is the head of an excise district which extends into the county of Monaghan.’ I2 3 3 Cartographic Review ofproposed W WTPsi2e The settled nature of the immediate area to the west of the WWTP within the urban environs of Ardee town is apparent from the first and second edition Ordnance Survey maps (1 829- 1841 & 1829-1841 respectively) (see Figures 12.3 & 12.4). The i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 150 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 ! Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo WWTP is comprised of regular field boundaries indicating agricultural land-use adjacent the River Dee. Within the townland of Cappocksgreen, c. 250 metres to the west of the WWTP site, on the banks of the River Dee, is a restored mill formerly called ‘Greenvale Mill’. The mill has been recorded by the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) (Registration No. 13823061). This mill is dated c. 1850 by the NIAH however a study of the first edition Ordnance Survey map for the area supports a pre- 1841 date (see Figure 12.3). There is also a grain store, mill race and weir associated with this site. Within the townland of Dawson’s Demesne, c. 300m south of the WWTP is a castle- motte (RMP LHO17-012001) indicated as ‘Dawson’s Moat’ on the first and second edition Ordnance Survey maps (see Figures 12.3 & 12.4). For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Figure 12.3 First edition of the Ordnance Survey map (1829-1841) indicating ‘Greenvale Mill’ and ‘Dawson’s Moat’ (blue circles). WWTP site indicated by red circle. 4.183 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 1.51 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Figure 12.4 Second edition of the Ordnance Survey map (1829-1841) indicating ‘Greenvale MiU’, ‘Dawson’s Moat’ and site of WWTP I2 3 4 Excavdzum daitabase A review of the Excavations database (1 970 - 2000) (www.excavations.ie) and the Excuvutions Bulletins 2001, 2002, & 2003 (Bennet, 2003, 2004 & 2006 respectively) revealed that a considerable number of sites were identified during archaeological monitoring of the Ardee link For road, inspection which purposes covers only. a distance of 7km from Ardee town Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. through the Dee valley to the M1 motorway at Charleville. Within the study area, at Broadlough, a fiiluclztfiudlz and trough (Licence No. 99E0200) was excavated (RMP LHO17-1 lo---),as well as a pit with flints (Licence No. 99E0460); and at Cappocksgreen a burnt spread was revealed (Licence No. 99E0458) (RMP LHOl7- 106---). In addition, an irregular pit with a single sherd of coarse pottery was investigated at Dawson’s Demesne (Licence No. 99E0200) (RMP LHOl7 109---). Also in Dawson’s Demesne test-trenching took place as part of an assessment to determine the archaeological potential of an area to the north and west of Castle Guard Motte (RMP 01 7-01 20 1-) (Licence No. 00E3 18). Fifty-two features were exposed. Nine of these were post-medievaypre-modern; one was medieval; sixteen were of undetermined date: and 26 were of modern provenance. The known medieval feature consisted of an irregular linear feature, containing three pottery sherds. Nine further sherds of medieval pottery, mainly of 13th-14th-century date, were found in the topsoil. Five were coarse, handmade cooking wares. Another programme of test- 4383 Ardre WWTP EIS - Draft 152 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jeiiiiiiigs O'Doiiovati & Partners Coiisultiiig Engineers Sligo i trenching took place at an area east of Castle Guard/Dawson's Demesne Motte (Licence No. 00E0783, NG 2971 2, 29056) which revealed some prehistoric activity, in the form of five pieces of worked flint and two circular pits, which were lm in diameter. A possible structure of unknown date was also uncovered. 12.3.5 Site Survey An archaeological inspection of the WWTP site was undertaken in April 2008 by a suitably qualified archaeologist and built heritage specialist. Weather conditions were fair with good visibility. All areas were accessible and the site was assessed in terms of landscape, land use, vegetation cover, presence or lack of archaeological sites and potential for undetected archaeological sitedfeatures. A photographic record was also taken and is presented in Appendix H. The site of the WWTP is largely occupied by a selection of concrete structures relating to the treatment of wastewater. The site is approached from the west by an unclassified tarmac surfaced road. This road surface continues into the site and runs to the eastern boundary of the site with a branch to the north leading to the existing storm water settling tank. Presently all the structures associated with the existing WWTP lie to the north of this central roadway, to the south is open ground. These structures include the office, stores and pump house to the west, stoim water settling tank to the north, two aeration tanks and two clarifiers to the centre of the site and a sludge press house and sludge holding tank to the east. The site is fully bounded by a For inspection purposes only. spiked full height steelConsent fence of copyright(see Appendix owner required H, for Plates any other 11-22).use. The open ground to the south of the site where part of the WWTP upgrade development is proposed is raised above the level of the road. It demonstrates numerous moderate undulations and a large number of small and medium sized stones, differential growth is also present (see Appendix H, Plates 23-28). It also appears to have been disturbed at some point in the recent past (see Appendix H, Plates 29 & 30). Animal waste indicates that this ground has been used for grazing cattle. The adjacent field to the south-west has also been used for grazing while land adjacent to the north-west is currently used to store building debris, possibly related to the construction of the N33 and link road (see Appendix H, Plates 3 1 & 32). There are no buildings or structures of built heritage interest located on or adjacent to the proposed WWTP site. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 153 12/09/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jennings O’Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo Archaeological Potential A total of eight recorded (RMP) archaeological sites are located within a 300m radius of the proposed WWTP upgrade site. A study of the first (1 829-1841) and second (1 829- 1841) editions of the Ordnance Survey maps illustrate the site of the WWTP as having been open agricultural ground with a two northwesthoutheast extending field boundaries located on-site on the I” edition Ordnance Survey map (see Figures 12.3 & 12.4). The nature of the ground surface to the south is undulating with evident of recent ground disturbance in places. However, this area is located adjacent to the River Dee, an important riverine environment that would have been conducive to past temporary settlement. Site types such as fulaclzta fiadlz are often found in a sub-surface state within similar environments. This is demonstrated by recent excavations and recorded RMPs a short distance north and south of the WWTP site (LH107-106---, Licence No. 99E0458; LHO 17- 109---, Licence No. 99E0200 & LHO 17- 1lo---, 99E0200) discovered during investigations for the N33 Upgrade and Ardee Link Road. As such the archaeological potential of the southern portion of the site where proposals include new construction of an aeration tank and clarifier for Phase 2 of the project as well as a network caretaker building/parking aredaccess road is deemed moderate. There is a small portion of ground at the north-eastern corner of the site where it is proposed to construct For inspection sand purposes filters, only. pumping station and a treated effluent Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. flow measurement flume, which has not been subject to extensive ground disturbance by virtue of construction of the existing WTTP which is deemed to be similarly of moderate potential. The remaining portions of the site where existing WWTP buildings are extant and proposals include the re-use or removal and replacement of structures shall have heavily disturbed the ground (and disrupted or compromised surviving any archaeological remain should they have existed) in the past and as such archaeological potential in this area is deemed low. 12.4 DO-NOTHING IMPACT A ‘Do Nothing Scenario’ will ensure the continued preservation of hitherto unknown or potential cultural heritage features within the WWTP site. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft IS4 I8/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo i 12.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT There are no recorded archaeological monuments located on the proposed WWTP upgrade site. The southern and north-easterly portions of the WWTP site have been deemed to be of moderate archaeological potential based on rigorous desk-based research and field survey analysis. The location of adjacent well-documented archaeological heritage features as well as the proximity to a significant bend on the River Dee, suggests that there is potential to reveal sub-surface archaeological remains andor stray finds within the WWTP site. In this regard, should such sub- surface features or finds exist on-site where there are proposals for new construction, they will be directly, negatively and permanently affected. Elsewhere on-site, the evidence of recent ground disturbance may have disrupted or compromised surviving archaeological remains. There are no predicted impacts on the architectural heritage or local heritage resource. 12 S: I Coizstrz/ctzoiz Phme Upgrading the WWTP will require ground stripping operations and extensive ground excavations. Such construction operations may potentially directly, negatively and permanently affect sub-surface archaeological remains, should any be found to exist on-s ite. I2 A2 OperatwizalPhme Following construction, no Fordirect inspection operational purposes only. phase impacts are predicted in terms of Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. the cultural heritage resource. 12.6 MITIGATION MEASURES Given the moderate potential to reveal hitherto unknown sub-surface archaeological remains at the WWTP site it is recommended that a programme of archaeological monitoring be undertaken by a suitably qualified archaeologist during all ground (topsoil) stripping and ground excavation works. It is advised that this programme take place well in advance of main construction works in order to allocate adequate time to evaluating and recording any archaeological features that may be uncovered. I i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft I ss 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 ...... Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo /' 12.6:1 Coizstructwii Phme Mzhgatwiz Mitigation by Avoidance Should significant archaeological remains be uncovered during top-soil stripping and ground excavation operations at the proposed WWTP site, close liaison and agreement between the consultant archaeologist and the National Monuments Service (DoEHLG) shall decide whether the remains must be preserved in situ and thereby avoided. This will necessitate a re-design of the overall WWTP site layout determined by the location of the significant archaeological remains. Mitigation by Reduction Should significant archaeological remains be wholly or partly located within the proposed WWTP site, close liaison and agreement between the consultant archaeologist and the National Monuments Service (DoEHLG) shall decide whether the remains shall be partially excavated and a buffer zone created around the remaining sub-surface remains (typically if located outside the site boundary) thereby reducing the overall magnitude of impact. This may require facilitation by re-design of the site layout as determined by the location of the significant archaeological remains. Mitigation by Remediation For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Should archaeological remains be uncovered during top-soil stripping and ground ' excavation operations the archaeologist shall be afforded suitable time to evaluate, characterise and determine the extent of the remains. Liaison with the National Monuments Service (DoEHLG) shall determine an appropriate Method Statement and Programme of Works in order to fully excavate and record the archaeological remains. 12.dZ OperatwnalPhme Mi&gai?zon Mitigation by Avoidance Adoption of the construction phase mitigation measures shall ensure that no further potential impacts will occur on the cultural heritage resource and no impacts are predicted during the operation phase. As such, no mitigation by avoidance measures are required. 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 156 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo i Mitigation by Reduction Adoption of the construction phase mitigation measures shall ensure that no further potential impacts will occur on the cultural heritage resource and no impacts are predicted during the operation phase. As such, no mitigation by reduction measures are required. Mitigation by Remediation Adoption of the construction phase mitigation measures shall ensure that no further potential impacts will occur on the cultural heritage resource and no impacts are predicted during the operation phase. As such, no mitigation by remediation measures are required. 12.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT Recourse to archaeological excavation infers the permanent removal of such sites at given locations. Should the proposed mitigation measures be followed as recommended, this shall provide for proper and adequate recording of the heritage resource (including presently unknown potential archaeological features). As a result, there shall be no residual effects on the cultural heritage resource following the proposed upgrade of the WWTP. 12.8 MONITORING For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Given that no residual impacts are predicted for the proposed WWTP, this in turn infers that monitoring programmes shall not be required for purposes of the cultural heritage resource post-construction and/or during the operational phase of the WWTP. 12.9 CONCLUSION The southern and northeasterly portions of the WWTP site have been deemed to be of moderate archaeological potential with all remaining areas deemed to be of low archaeological potential. This is based on rigorous desk-based research and field survey analysis. The location of adjacent well-documented archaeological heritage features as well as the proximity to a significant bend in the River Dee, suggests that there is potential to reveal sub-surface archaeological remains andor stray finds within the WWTP site. I 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 157 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 ~ ~~ ~~ Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo With a view to the possibility of hitherto unknown sub-surface archaeological sitedfeatures being directly impacted by construction of the proposed WWTP it is recommended that a programme of archaeological monitoring take place during all top-soil stripping and ground excavation operations across the site. It is also recommended that this programme be undertaken well in advance of the main construction works in order to allocate adequate time should any mitigation (licenced archaeological excavation) measures be required. There are presently no archaeological exclusion zones on-site. This scenario shall only arise if significant archaeological remains are revealed during the archaeological monitoring programme whereby mitigation by avoidance or reduction shall be required. Proposed WWTP Upgrade, Ardee, Co. Louth: Item Impact Mitigation Potential sub-surface Direct, negative and Programme of Archaeological archaeology on-site permanent Moniroring of topsoil strippinglexcavation works prior to construction followed by licenced archaeological resolution (excavation) if required I Operational Phase For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. NIA I NIA NIA Table of Impacts & Mitigation for the Cultural Heritage Resource 12.11 REFERENCES Ardee Local Area Plan 2003 - 2009 Barfield, L. & Hodder, M. (1987) 'Burnt mounds as saunas, and the prehistory of bathing' Antiquity 61, no. 233, 370-9. Bennet, 1. (ed.) (2003) Excavations 2001: Summaty accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland. Wordwell. Bennet, I. (ed.) (2004) Excavations 2002: Summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland. Wordwell. Bennet, 1. (ed.) (2006) Excavations 2003: Sumrnqy accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland. Wordwell. Bradley, J. (1984) Ardee: an archaeological study. County Lodz Archaeological Journal,20 (4), 267-96. Brindley, A.L. & Lanting, J.N.(1 990) 'The dating of fulachta fiadh' in Buckley, V. i 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 158 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jennings O‘Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo (compiler) Burnt Ofserings 55-6 Dublin: Wordwell. Buckley, V.M. and Sweetman, P.D. (1 99 1j Archaeological surveji of Coiitzty Louth. Dublin. Delany, O’Hara & Lovely (2007) North East Broadbarid Project Phase II (Ardee) Archaeological Test Excavatior? and Morzitorirzg. Dominic Delany & Associates. Gwynn, A. 1946 Ardee in the Middle Ages. Journal of the County Louth Archaeological Society 11 (2), 77-89. Leask, H. G. (I 95 1) Irish Castles and Castellated Houses Third Edition Dundalgan Press: Dundalk. Lewis, S. (1 837) A Topographical Dictionary of Irelnnd Vols. I & I1 London. Louth County Developinent Plan 2003 - 2009 Lucas, A. T. (1965) ‘Washing and Bathing in Ancient Ireland’, Journal of Royal Society of Atztiquaries of Ireland 95, 65 - 1 14. Mallory, J. P. & McNeill, T. E. (199 1) The Archaeology of Ulster fi-onz Colonization to Plantation Belfast. McIvor, D. (1959) Ardee Manor in A.D. 1336. County Louth Archaeological Journal XIV, No. 3, 160-4. 0 Drisce6i1, D.A. (1 988) ‘Burnt mounds: cooking or bathing?’ Aiztiquity 62,67 1-80. 0 Driscedil, D.A. (1 991 j ‘Fulachta fiadh: a general statement’ North Munster Antiquarian Journal. O’Keeffe, T. (2000) Medieval Ireland: An Archardogy Tempus Publishing Ltd: Gloucestershire. Orpen, G. H. (1908) Mottes and Norman castles in County Louth. Jourizal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries XXXVIII, 24 1-69. Smith, B. (1999) Colonisation and conquest in medieval Ireland. The English in Louth, Cambridge. 11 70-1330. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Waddell, J. (2000) The Prelzistoric Archaeology of Ireland 2’ldedition Wordwell Ltd: Bray. Wright, T. (1758) Loutlziana. London. Maps consulted 1” edition 6-inch OS map 1829-41 2’ld edition 25-inch OS map 1897-1 9 13 Web www.buildingsofireland.ie www.excavations.ie www.archaeology.ie 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 159 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26 Jennings O'Donovan & Partners Consulting Engineers Sligo 13.0 INTERACTIONS OF THE FOREGOING The main interaction of the various matters discussed in previous chapters is between I the following: Water and Flora. Fauna & Fisheries The provision of an upgrade to the existing wastewater treatment plant at Ardee should have no negative long term impact on the water quality in the River Dee. If the upgrade of the treatment plant were not to go ahead the long term impact on the water quality in the River Dee may be detrimental to the aquatic flora and fauna. Provided that mitigation measures designed to prevent water pollution and siltation are implemented during the construction phase and the proposed effluent quality standards are adhered to at the operational phase the proposed scheme will have no negative impact on the River Dee or its fisheries value. These issues are discussed in more detail in Chapter 5 Flora, Fauna & Fisheries and Chapter 7 Water. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. I 4383 Ardee WWTP EIS - Draft 160 18/07/2008 EPA Export 26-07-2013:02:28:26