Annual Consultations with Ngos
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Election Violence in Kenya: a Case Study of Nakuru 1992-2008
ELECTION VIOLENCE IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF NAKURU 1992-2008. OSMAN OMAR MOHAMED REG. NO. C50/NKU/PT/24555/2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY. JULY 2015 ii DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been submitted for a degree in any other University. ____________________________Signature Date______________________________ Osman Omar Mohamed Department of History, Archaeology and Political Studies This thesis has been submitted for examination with our knowledge as university supervisors ___________________________Signature Date_______________________________ Dr. Felistus K. Kinyanjui Department of History, Archaeology and Politics Studies __________________________Signature Date_______________________________ Dr. Lazarus K. Ngari Department of History, Archaeology and Political Studies iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my beloved wife Fatuma Abdullahi Dima and daughters Sophia, Fatihiya, Nuzla, Lutfia, Tamima and son Kamaludin Osman who have been encouraging me to fight on in order to realize my success. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT I appreciate and acknowledge all efforts and contributions rendered to me by the Department of History, Archaeology and Political Studies of Kenyatta University. My sincere appreciation to the Department’s chairman and the secretary Madam Carol for their prompt attention and response in clearance of my line of advance. Special appreciation to my supervisors, Dr. F. K. Kinyanjui and Dr. L. K. Ngari for their continued support, re-reading of my earlier drafts, guidance and direction in the realization of this final product. I also owe special thanks to staff in various libraries for their assistance. -
The Puntland Experience: a Bottom-Up Approach to Peace and State Building
THE SEARCH FOR PEACE Somali Programme Haani salka ayeey ka unkantaa A milk container is built from the bottom up The Puntland Experience: A Bottom-up Approach to Peace and State Building Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991—2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991—2007 Researchers: Hassan Adan Mohamed, Amina Abdulkadir M. Nur Photographs: Muctar Mohamed Hersi, Audio Visual Unit Map: Adapted from Mark Bradbury, 2008, James Currey Editor: Dr Pat Johnson, Interpeace This research study was made possible by the generous contributions of the interviewees, Working Group, peer reviewers, and colleagues at the Puntland Development Research Center, including Abdurahman A. Osman ‘Shuke’ (Director), Ali Farah Ali (Research Coordinator), Mohamed Yassin Essa ‘Ilkoasse’ (Finance Manager), and Muctar Mohamed Hersi (Director Audio-Visual Unit), in sharing their unique experiences as well as historical documentation. The Search for Peace series Research Coordinator: Mark Bradbury, Rift Valley Institute Research Consultants: Professor Ken Menkhaus, Davidson College, USA Dr Justin Willis, the British Institute in Eastern Africa Andy Carl, Conciliation Resources Ulf Terlinden Senior Research Advisor: Abdirahman Osman Raghe, Interpeace Series Coordinator & Editor: Dr Pat Johnson, Interpeace Series Sub-editor: Janet Oeverland, Interpeace Design and Layout: Cege Mwangi, Arcadia Associates Garowe, Puntland Phone: (+252 5) 84 4480 Thuraya: +88 216 4333 8170 [email protected] www.pdrc.somalia.org This report was produced by Interpeace and the Puntland Development Research Center and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contributing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services. -
General Assembly A/HRC/7/3/Add.1 19 February 2008
UNITED NATIONS A Distr. GENERAL General Assembly A/HRC/7/3/Add.1 19 February 2008 ENGLISH/FRENCH/SPANISH Human Rights Council Seventh session Agenda Item 3 PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVIL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak Addendum Summary of information, including individual cases, transmitted to Governments and replies received* * The present document is being circulated in the languages of submission only as it greatly exceeds the page limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions. GE.xx-xxxxxx A/HRC/7/3/Add.1 page 2 Contents Paragraphs Page Introduction………….………………………………………..…… 1-5 4 Mandate abbreviations………………………………………..…… 6 Summary of allegations transmitted and replies received…….…… 1-288 8 Afghanistan………………………………………………………... 1 8 Algeria……………………………………………………………... 2-8 9 Angola.....………...………………………………………….…..… 9 14 Armenia............................................................................................. 10 16 Bahrain…………………………………………………………..… 11-13 16 Bangladesh……………………………………………………...…. 14-22 20 Bhutan……………......…………………………………………..... 23 30 Brazil..……………......…………………………………………..... 24-25 30 Burundi……...…………………………………………………..…. 26 32 Cambodia.................……………………………………………..… 27-28 33 Canada………………….....……………………………………..… 29 34 Central African Republic………………………………………..… 30 40 Chad....…………………………………………………………..… -
Historical Dictionary of Somalia, New Edition
Historical Dictionary of Somalia, New Edition Mohamed Haji Mukhtar The Scarecrow Press 02-304 Front 12/17/02 8:17 AM Page i AFRICAN HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES Edited by Jon Woronoff 1. Cameroon, by Victor T. Le Vine and Roger P. Nye. 1974. Out of print. See No. 48. 2. The Congo, 2nd ed., by Virginia Thompson and Richard Adloff. 1984. Out of print. See No. 69. 3. Swaziland, by John J. Grotpeter. 1975. 4. The Gambia, 2nd ed., by Harry A. Gailey. 1987. 5. Botswana, by Richard P. Stevens. 1975. Out of print. See No. 70. 6. Somalia, by Margaret F. Castagno. 1975. Out of print. See No. 87. 7. Benin (Dahomey), 2nd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1987. Out of print. See No. 61. 8. Burundi, by Warren Weinstein. 1976. Out of print. See No. 73. 9. Togo, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1996. 10. Lesotho, by Gordon Haliburton. 1977. 11. Mali, 3rd ed., by Pascal James Imperato. 1996. 12. Sierra Leone, by Cyril Patrick Foray. 1977. 13. Chad, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1997. 14. Upper Volta, by Daniel Miles McFarland. 1978. 15. Tanzania, by Laura S. Kurtz. 1978. 16. Guinea, 3rd ed., by Thomas O’Toole with Ibrahima Bah-Lalya. 1995. 17. Sudan, by John Voll. 1978. Out of print. See No. 53. 18. Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, by R. Kent Rasmussen. 1979. Out of print. See No. 46. 19. Zambia, 2nd ed., by John J. Grotpeter, Brian V. Siegel, and James R. Pletcher. 1998. 20. Niger, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1997. 21. Equatorial Guinea, 3rd ed., by Max Liniger-Goumaz. -
Somalia: Continuation of War
SOMALIA: CONTINUATION OF WAR BY OTHER MEANS? 21 December 2004 Crisis Group Africa Report N°88 Nairobi/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. THE TRANSITIONAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ............................................... 3 A. THE CHARTER.......................................................................................................................3 B. THE ELECTION ......................................................................................................................4 C. THE INTERIM PRESIDENT ......................................................................................................5 1. Guerrilla.....................................................................................................................5 2. Warlord......................................................................................................................6 3. Puntland President .....................................................................................................6 D. THE TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT .......................................................................................7 III. INTO SOMALIA ............................................................................................................ 9 A. THE NATIONAL CAPITAL ......................................................................................................9