Jewish Population of the New York Area 1900-1975

THE ?E of tlrr ESTIMATED JEWISk POPULATION OF THE NEW YORK AREA, 1900-1975 (Thousands of People)

Population

1910 1923 1930 1940 1950 1958 *Hassau. Suffol k, and Westchester Counties THE JEWISH POPULATION OF TBE NEW YORK AREA 1900 - 1975

8 Y

C. Morris Horowitz Am Lawrence J. Kaplan

New York 19, New York

F-m GF msR PElm4wmROPrn m YORK Federation Study Camittee Ron. Rcnry J. Friendly, Clni- Dwographic Study Cumittee Ron. James Felt, Chairman Nev York, 1959 Copyright, 1959 by Pederatlon of Jewish Philanthropies of New York The successful cmpletion of this study involved the assistance and cooperation of wyindividuals in all stages of the project. Thanks are due to the Jeuish Education Camittee of New York, Inc., for releas- ing Mr. C. Morris Borwitz frm his duties as Consulting Statistician to direct this project, and for making available the original raw Jewish Child Population data for the years 1923, 1930, 1940 and 1950.

For assistance in the collection the 1957 raw data, special thanks is due to Dr. Eerbert A. Landry, Director, the Bureau of Adminis- trative and Eudgetary Research of the Board of Education of the City of Nw York, and to Dr. Theodore C. Wenzl, Director, Division of School Fi- lwcial aid, State Education Department of the University of the State of Aeu York. The New York City Department of City Planning made its wa- terials and staffs available without stint. Also most helpful were the Nassau County Planning Cdssion, the Suffolk Planning Beard and the W~stchesterCounty Department of Planning, as well as the Superin- tendents, Principals and Head Teachers in the public school system in Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester Counties.

During the data collection stages of this study, we acknwledge with thanks the advice given by the Research Department and Bureau of Statistical Services of the Cmunity Council of Greater New York.

To the Demographic Study Committee, Eon. James Felt, Chairman, Arthur J. Neumark and David Sher a special debt of gratitude is due for their advice and encouragement. Thanks are also due the follaving individuals associated with Federation who helped evaluate the depart- ments findings: Dr. Haurice 8. Hexter, Joseph Willen, Harry L. Lurie, Dr. Peter Rogatz, Dr. Morris Hinenburg, Clifton Levine, and Craenm Berger, who was helpful in the day to day operations.

Thanks are also due to the staff of the Library of Brooklyn College as well as to the Research staff of the Study Camittee which included Mirym Adin, William Safran, Rhoda Schusrtz and Helen Tucker.

C. Morris Rorwitz, Director Neu York, N. Y. Lawrence J. Kaplar, Consultant November 1959 Demographic Study Cmittee

TABLE W comm ?age LIST W TABUS ...... VII

Chapter I . TRFADS IR TEE GE NLaAI. Am JMSH rnAILJ\TIOA W TEE RLY YORK AREA ...... 1 Total Population Trenda in the Rev Ymk Area ...... 2 Ccmponents of Population Change ...... 5 Household Size...... 6 Jewish Bousehold size ...... 6 White. Am.White. and Puerto Ricm Pmlation Trends ...... 8 Ao;l-~uerto Rican white population trends ...... 8 me50 population trends ...... 8 White. non-white trends in the New Ymk area ...... 8 Puerto Rican Population trends ...... 12 Jevi8.h Population in New Ymk City ...... 12 Histmica1 background ...... 12 .T wish population in New York City. 1900.1975 ...... 15 Jewish Population in the Aew Ymk Area ...... 16 Age distribution of the area's Jewish populatim ...... 16 I1 . CECGMPBIC DISIRmCW (P TEE JWlISB FammION YITgIR TBe m YmK ...... 21 Distribution of the Jewish Population by CoImty. 193.1975...... 21 Distributim of the Jewish Population in Aew York Area Coaaunities. 1923.1975 ...... 25 Wttan...... 49 Tbe Bronx ...... -49 Brcukljm ...... 49 Pucene ...... 56 Richmd ...... 56 Aasaab. Suffolk. adl Westehester counties ...... 56 sv...... 57 employment Trends ...... 58 Manufacturing Industries in Rev York City ...... 61 Ronmanufacturing Industries in Rev Yox-k City ...... 61 Economic Activity in the Suburban Counties ...... 65 ~giw~ncme ..... '...... 67 mjor ~ccupationalcroups ...... 63 Occupational chsracteristica of the area's Jevish population ...... 72 Educational attainment of the area's Jewish population ...... 72

Rev York City ...... 73 Manhattan ...... 73 The Brwr...... 73 ~rooklp...... 78 Queena ...... 78 ~ichcmd...... 78 Rev ~cnkcity ...... 79 Rev York Area ...... 79 nassau ...... 79 Suff olk ...... 80 Weetchester...... 80 Rev Ycnk Area ...... 81 conclusions ...... 81 APPWDIX A . TECBAICAL AOTE EA ARll DATA LMITATIORS...... 82 APPmIX B . DATA lm JEIrfSB mATIon. ARI Yrn CITY BY BWOUCH. 1900-1957 AND PROJECPIOIlS TO 1975:.... . NASSAU Am) SUR(XI( CUmTIES. 1957 and 1575 PR~IGUS...... 92 APPWr,rX C . DATA OX JEVISA POPUUTIlm It7 THE ARI YCSK AREA PW 81 SRmY DISIRICI'S. 1923- 1957. AND PRWECROXS TO 1975 ...... 125 LIST W TABL.FS

Table

1 Crwth of population, Nw York area, 1850-1957.. 2 Trend in household size, 1940-1975 ...... 3 White, Negro and Puerto Rican population of tfw York City, 1950-1957 and 1975 forecast...

White end non-white population of the Nor York area, 1900-1957 and 1975 forecast......

Puerto Rican migration to Nw York City, 1941-1958...... Total yd Jwish population of Nw York City, 1900.1975 ...... Total and Jwish population of the Nw York area, 1957 and 1975 ...... Distribution of the Jwish population in the Nw York area by we, 1940-1958 ...... Total and Jwish population of the Nw York area, five boroughs, Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester counties, 193-1975......

Jwish populatim trends in Manhattan c-ities, 193.1975 ...... Jwish population trends in Bronx cammitien, 193-1975...... Jwish population trends in Brooklyn c-ities, 193-1975 ...... Jwish population trends in Queens and Richond cormnunities, 193.1975 ...... Jewish population trends in Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester communities, 1957-1975...... Classification of study areas according to concentration of Jewish population as a percent of totnl population, 1930...... Table Page 16 Classification of study areas rrccding to concentration of Jevish population as a percent of total population, 1950.. . 45 Classification of study areas according to concentration of Jeuisb population as a percent of total population, 1975.. . 47 Jevish concentration by number of study areas. Aev York City and suburban counties, selected years, 1930-IT?...... 57

Aonsgricultural employment, Aev York City and boroughs, 1957 annual average, and 1975 forecast ...... 59 Emplopnt by major industry groups, 1957 annual average United States, Aeu York City and Aev York area ...... 62 Aonsgricultural employment, Aev York area, 1957 annual average, and 1975 forecast ...... 66 Percent distribution of Aew York City families by total mney incane, 1949 and 1956...... 69 Percentage distributiona of employed persons by major occupational grarpe, United States and Aeu York City, 1950...... 71 Total and Jewish population, employment and household sixe, lev York City by borough, 1940 to 1975...... 711 Total and Jevish population, employment and hotmehold sire, Aeu York City and suburban cwnties, 1940 to 1975 ...... 76 Figure Page 1 Grwth of population, Nev York City, nnd Nassau, Suffolk, nnd Vestchester cmties, 1850-1975 ...... 4 2 Estimated Jewish population in the five borouehs of New York City, and Nassau, Suffolk, and Vestchester counties, selected years, 1923-1975 ......

3 Jewish population as a .percent of total population, New York City, by study area, 1930...... 4 Jewish population as a percent of total population, New York City, by study area, 1950...... 5 Jewish populatior. as a percent of total population, New York City, by study area, 1975 ...... 6 Jevish poplation as a percent of total population, Nassau County, by study area, 195...... 7 Jewish population as a percent of total population, Sufiolk County, by study area, 195......

8 Jevish population as (I percent of total population, Vestcheater County, by atudy area, 195...... 9 Industries concentrated in the Nev York area, as measured by the area's percentage of total U. S. employment in each industry, 1957 annual average ...... 10 Percentage distribution of famllies by income class (1956 dollars) in ~ev York City, 1949 and 1956 ......

In the Spring of 1958, the Bavd of Trustees of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropiee of AnYork approved a plan for a full scale study of its 116 constituent saieties with the hope that the findings might prove valuable in the planning of services and facilities for the next 15 years. Federation, which hae the responsibility for raising funds to support and on several measions to build new facilities, hae periodically undertaken such evaluations of philanthropic neede, and they have proven a boom to the beneficiaries of these many programs.

As an integral part of this overall examination, a DWXRAF'EIC SnmY was appointed and chsrged with the responsibility of athering pertinent data cn the Jewish population of Greater New York, f including the boroughs of Bronx, Brooklyn, Whattan, Queens and Rich- mond, as well as the contiguous Counties of Nassau, Suffolk and West- Chester), with the hope that this information as of 1959 and projected to 195 would prove useful to the vnrious study camittees which were evaluating the different functional fields (medical care, aged, family and children services, camunity centers, camps and Jwish education).

The Camittee invited Mr. C. Morris Eorowitz, an Economist and De- mographer associated with the Jewish Education Camittee, to direct the study, and Dr. Lawrence J. Kaplan, an Economist and Population expert with the New York City Planning Camuission, as a consultant. Between November 1, 1958 and September 1, 1959, the dsta was assembled and the report written, a record time for such a formidable task. This is a real tribute to our professional staff.

The "Yom Kippur" or "School attendance" method was used to de- termine the basic child census from which present and future population forecasts were coaputed. Although no one method has Set been devised to obtain accurate Jewish population statistics, except by an absolute census count, and this would be a most expensive and long drawn out procedure for an area the size of Greater Nw York, it was our considered judgment that the approach adopted would give Federa- tion reliable data for future planning. The study also includes some descriptions of each statistical district, which bears on the dwographic data. Altogether it should give any FEDERATION c-ittee, or, for that matter, any given agency, important clues to the future, which should result in the making of sounder policy or pinpointing buildings and services.

The findings clearly indicate the various shifts in Jewish popu- letion over recent decades, where there are likely to be declines or rises in the Jewish census. But more significantly that the chsracter of various neighborhoods is likely to be quite stable in the next decade and a half. me to the helpfulneaa of the Jewish Education C-ittee in lend- ing the services of MR. C. MORRIS ECNWIlZ, and the generosity of MR.. CHARLES MAYW in providing office space for the staff, the Camittee has been able to ccmplete the st- within the modest budget approved for this proJect . I wish to express my gratitude to the -ere of the hoeraphie Study C-ittee who assisted in every possible way to bring this report to a constructive conclusion.

We nov turn over this substantial report to the SIWf CMQllTE and all thme individusls and agencies to mine its aaterial in the years ahead.

BOA. JAMES PKT. Chairman CHAPTER I

TRENDS IN THE GENERAI AMD JEWISH FUPULATION OF THE NEW YORK AREA

The New York ai-ea as used in this study consists of eight counties: the five counties or boroughs of New York City, and three suburban counties - Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester. The heart of the area is New York City, the greatest city in the world. The city proper with a population estimated at 6,000,OCU in 1958 has a larger population than any other city. Its vast numbers of people alone make it easy to understand why it is the most important and best-known in all the Americas. It is a center of many of our largest industries, of world shipping, of educational and cultural facilities, and of the theater and other weuents.

New York City is the money capital of the world. Its banks, stock exchanges and other financial institutions provide capital for most of the largest corporations in the United States. It is the leading financial center of the world, wielding tre~ndouspower in the world's mney markets. Manhattan, the heart of New York City, is lined with sescrap- ers which house the home offices of many national and international business concerns.

New York City is the leading cultural center in the Northern Hemi- sphere. Most of the nation's publishing houses are located in the area. Plays, musical shows and motion pictures usually succeed or fail depend- ing on reactions of New York critics and audiences. Other fine arts - painting, sculpture, and opera - also flourish. New York City is the fashion center of the United States, and its creations find their way to countless small-town stores.

The Port of New York includes more than 1,600 piers, wharves and bulkheads on its 650 miles of waterfront. The great ocean-going ships which use these vast shipping facilities serve the world's leading ports. New York City is the largest export center in the world. The New York Custm Office handles almost half of the overseas comerce of the United States.

The largest industry in New York City is apparel manufacturing which employs about 300,000 workers. New York City does almost one-fourth of the nation's printiug, one-third of its photo-engraving and publishes about three-fourths of all its books. Other important manufacturing industries in the City are leather products, instmnts, furniture, fabricated metals and fwd products.

Among non-manufacturing activities, New York City conducts the largest wholesale drygoods business and the largest wholesale grocery business in the United States. It is also the leading insurance center of country.

The transportation system is n vast and complicated one. It requires many terminals, airports, bridges, and tunnels for the millions of passengers and millions of tons of freight which are handled daily by trains, subways, buses, trucks, ships, ferries and planes.

While the maghitude of all these facts may be impressive, it is the people of a city who tell the real story of its growth and importance. The Dutch were the first settlers in Manhattan in 1613, when the city was called New Amsterdam. England conquered the city in 1664 during the Dutch-English wars, and n'named it New York. The city grew rapidly, and by 1700 over 7,000 people, speaking 18 different languages lived here. During the Revolutionary War, New York played a leading part in the fight for freedom. George Washington was inaugurated as the first bes- ident in 1789 in the old City Hall on Wall Street. After the Revolu- tionary War, New York City continued to gm, and by 1800 had a population of 60,000, prinarily immigrants from northern Europe.

At present, New York City has more people from other lands than any city in the world. People from 60 nations live within its boundaries. According to the 1950 Census, 1,781,000 people are foreign born, and 5,332,000 native born, most of whom are the children or grandchildren of immigrantn.

Of the fareign-born whites and first or second generation descen- dants of immigrants living in New York City, the major groups are Italian, Gem, Jewish and Irish. The Negro population totals 905,000 in the special census of 1957, and the Puerto Rican population in that year is estimated at 566,000.

Total Population Trends in the New York Area

With a population of 696,000 in 1850, New York City's population has increased to an estimated 8,000,000 in 1958.g (see Table 1 and Figurr 1.) Between 1930 and 1950, the 962,000 incrceae far surpassed other large cities of the Nation in groath. In the decade, 1910-1950, population groath amounted to 137,000, an increase exceeded in the entire Nation only by the city of Los Angelea. Forecasts prepared by the Reeional Plan Association and ad.iusted bv the New York Citv DeDartment ofUCity Planning predict that the city's~populationwill de 8,il5,000 in 1975, or about 1 percent over the 1958 estimate.

In percentages, the City was found to have experienced its peak groxth in the decade from 1900 to 1910 with an increase in population of 78 percent. During the next 10 years - the World War I decade of 1910 to 1920 - the increase was 20 percent, rising to 25 percent in the following 10-year period. With the depression decade of the 1930s,

1. The 1958 estimate of New York City's population was prepared by the Metropolitan Regional Council, and Epol-ted in the New York Tines, June 15, 1959. TABU I GROWH OF FOHJLPLPION, NENl YOFE AREA, 1850 - 1975 (IN THOUSANDS)

Total Year New York Nassau Suffolk Westchester New York City Area

(a) A special census count made by the Bureau of the Census in 1957 at the request of the New York City government. The decline of 97,000 people between 1950 and 1957 is disputed by the City's officials. The Metropolitan Regional Council estimates-New York City's population in 1958 at 8,000,000 people, or 205,000 higher than the 1957 Census count. New ~orkTimes, June 15, 1959. (b) Estimated by the Regional Plan Association and adjusted by the New York City Departmnt of City Planning. (c) Estimated by the Regional Plan Association. (d) Estimated by the Westchester County Planning Commission. Fi~ure1. Grwth of poplllatlon, New York City and Suburbs, (riassa~a, Su?rolk, and Uestchester Counties) 1850 - 1975

Populatia (Millions growth slowed to less than eight percent, then to six percent in the 1940s. The first six years of the 1950s, covered by the special census of 1957, shored virtually no change from the preceding census. This diminishing rate of population grovth in New York is characteristic of a maturlng city. Yet we must clearly bear in mind that between 1930 and 1957, the population of New York City increased by nearly one million persons.

As in all ~tropolitanareas, the suburban counties are growing more rapidly than the central cities. Aa indicated in Table 1 and Figure 1, the population of Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester counties is growing rapidly, particularly since 1930. In that year, the three suburban counties accounted for 9.2 percent of the New York area population. In 1950, it was 19.9 percent, and by 1975 it is expected to reach 38.7 percent.

The population of the eight-county New York area increased 8.3 percent between 1950 and 1957. The seven-year increase of 789,000 bmught the area population to 10,255,000. All of this grarth was in the three suburban counties - Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester. Nassau and Wfolk almost doubled in population. New York City's population declined slightly, about 97,000, during this period. Between 1957 and 1975, it is estimated that the New York area population rill increase 12.4 percent, with virtually all of the grorth in the suburban counties. The increase of 1,278,000 would bring the New York area population to 11,533,000 by 1975.

Comuonents of Population CWe

Two major components of population change affect trends. These are, first, the rate of natural increase, or the number of births minus the number of deaths, and, secondly, the volume of net migration, or the difference between the volume of in- and out-migration.

Population forecasts are generally based upon varying assumptions of the changing inpact of these two factors. While some assumptions can be made on the rate of natural increase, the volume of net migration is a significant imponderable, because it is so closely correlated vith employment opportunities, legislation and mveuents of the business cycle.

Since the death rate is relatively constant, fluctuation6 in the birth rate are the major causes of change in the rate of natural increase. The main factor in the rising rate of natural increase has been the tendency towards families rith more children. Therefore, while a considerable number of persons have moved out of the City to the suburban counties in the past 10 to 15 years, this out-migration has been more than offset by the excess of births over deaths and by the in-migration of persons from other parts of the United States, es- pecially the South and Fuerto Rico. Household Size

One of the significant trends characteristic of the a's population is the persistent decline in average household size. r The average size of New York City households has been dmpping steadily since the last century. In 1890, the average household numbered 4.8 persons. Fifth years later, in 1940, New York City households averaged 3.52 persons, and by 1957 had decreased to 3.07 persolls. (See Table 2.) This decline occurred despite a rising birth rate, increases in the number of children, and the in-migration of minority gmups having large households. It is estimated that by 1975 the figure will show a further decline to 2.9 persons. The individual bomughs show considerable variation, ranging in 1957 fmm a low of 2.65 persons in Manhattan to a high of 1.48 in Richmond.

The dwindling household size is due mainly to a sharp increase in the number of one and two-person households bmught about by, first, the gradual aging of the population as a result of longer life expec- tancy, and, two, the fact that the City attracts numemus childless individuals and couples who are able to enjoy its many conveniences and facilities. erish household size2/-- Data collected in the Health Insurance Plan iurvey conducted in i952 indicate that the average Jewish household size was 3.1 persons, compared aith 3.2 persons in the average white non-Jewish household.

In terms of family size, the H.I.P. survey found that Jewish families were predominantly medium-sized, 3- to 4-person families. About 26 percent of the Jewish population was in ?-person families and over one-third in 4-person families, or a total of about 60 percent. For white, non-Jewish families, 22.4 percent of the population was in 3- person families, and less than 25 percent in 4-person families, a total of about 47 percent. larger families, 5-or-more persons, were found more frequently among non-Jews than among Jews.

2. Average household size mans the number of persons on the average who occupy each home or apartment. It is derived by dividing total population in households (excluding persons in institutions, rocwing houses, and military reservations) by the total number of occupied dwelling units. Average family size is slightly larger than household size because single persons living alone or unrelated individuals living together are included in household size but not in fhly size.

3. Cohen, Henry, Jewish Population Trends in New York City. 1940- 1970, Federation of Jewish Philanthm~iesof New York. Januarr 1956. =ages, mimeographed. This study iae based upon data col.&ted ik a survey of households in New York City in 1952 for the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York in connection with a research project spon- sored by the Rockefeller Foundation and Commonwealth Fund. 6 TABLE 2

TREND IN HOUSEHOIL SIZE, 1940 - 1975~

City and Year Borough 1940 1950 1957 1975O

New York City 3.52 3.20 3.07 2.9

Manhattan 3.15 2.81 2.65 2.6

Bronx 3.64 3.36 3.17 3.0

Brooklyn 3.71 3.36 3.14 3.0

Queens 3.55 3.71 3.28 3.1 Richmond 3.82 3.52 3.48 3.4

(a) New York City Depaduent of City Planning. Household size means persons per household. (b) Estimated. White. Non-White. and Fuerto Rican Population Trends

Any analysis of population trends rrmet consider changing racial and ethnic composition. The major racial and ethnic groups in the New York area are whites, Negroes and Fuerto Ricans. Negroes constitute over 95 percent of the City's non-white population, with the remainder consisting of non-white Fuerto Ricans, Chinese, Japanese and Indians. Of the Fuerto Rican population mre than 90 percent is white, and the remainder, Negro. -- Although the City's non-Fuerto Rican white population has been increasing since the turn of the century, reaching a peak of 6,9W,000 in 1940, its proportion of the total population has been decreasing. In 1900 the City's non- Fuerto Aican white population constituted 98 percent of the total population; in 1950, 87:7 percent; in 1957, 80.7 percent; and by 1975, 72.2 percent. (See Table 3.) If white Fuerto Ricens are included with white, the 1950, 1957 and 1975 proportiom would be 90.2 percent, 87.4 percent, and 84.2 percent, respectively. (See Table 4.) Nenm population tl-ends -- Between 1900 and 1957, the City's Negm population increased over fourteen-fold from 61,000, or 1.8 percent of the total population, to 905,000, or 11.6 percent of the total population. (See Table 3.) BY 1975 it is estimated that the Nearo oml lation will be 1,165,060, and will account for U.0 percent of tL-city's total population. While net migration data for non-white population are not available on an annual basis, an analysis of the components of net migration is possible for a ten-year period wing Census Bureau figures and New York City Health D?.pa-nt birth and death statistics. Between 1940 and 1950 the City's non-.fiite population (Negroes and all other nonwhite) increased 285,000. Natural increase accounted for 68,000 persons and net migration, primarily Negroes from the South, for 217,000 persons. Other non-whites who accounted for two-tenths of one percent in 1900, will account for about six-tenthe of one percent in 1975. White. non-white trends in the New York area -- In Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester counties the orovortion. . of white to totaloomlation in 1957 was 97.5, 94.7, and 93.2 percent, respectively, and thee'non-white to total population, 2.5, 5.3, and 6.8 percent, respectively. (See Table 4.) The percentages for 1975 indicate slight declines for white population and slight increases for non-white. Because of the weight 'of New York City in the New York area total, the percent of white to the total in 1957 was 89.4, and non-white to the total, 10.6. By 1975, the proportions will be 87.2 and 12.8. The 1957-75 increase in white population will be 893,000, a 9.7 percent increase; and in non-white population, 385,000, or a 35.3 percent increase. TABLE 3

WHITE, NECRC MID WERTO RICAN POWLATION OF

NE# YOFX CITY, 1950 - 1957 AND 1975 FORECASC

(IN THOUSANDS)

Non-Puerto Rican Total White Negro Puerto Rican a All Other Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

More than 90 percent of the City's Fuerto Rican population is white, and the remainder, Negm. [ba] Includes all other non-white, except Negro and non-white Fuerto Wcan, such as Chinese, Japanese and Indian. (c) ~otava'lable. (d) U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Ceneus, Special Census, April 1, 1957. The decline between 1950 and 1957 is disputed by the City's officials. le). , White, non-Fuerto Rican oo~ulationin 1957 has been estimated bv the New York Citv-. De~artment of City Planning at about 6;5b0,0~0. (f) Estimated. The 1957 special census provided no ethnic group data. (g) Estimated by the Regional Plan Association and adjusted by the New York City Department of City Planning. TABLE 4

WITE AND NOH-WHITE POWIATION OF THE

NEW YORK AREA, 1900 - 1957 AND 1975 FORECMI' (IN THOUSANDS)

~- Year Totala mteb Non-white Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent New York Citx 3,370 98.0 4,669 98.0 5.L58 97.1

Nassau Countx 53 96.4

Westchester County 179 97.3 TABLE 4 - Continued

Yenr Totala Whiteo Non-white Number Percent sumter Percent Sumber Percent

New York Area 1900 3,754 100 3,676 97.9 77 2.1 1910 5,230 100 5,118 97.9 112 2.1 1920 6.200 100 6.021 97.1 179 2.9

(a) Details may not add to totals because of rounding. (b) Includes FUeFto Ricana of whom more than 90 percent are white. (~jBureau of the census, *cia1 census, April i, 1957. The decline between 1950 and 1957 is disputed by the City's officials. (d) Estimated by the Regional Plan msociation and adjusted by the New York City Department of City Planning. (e) Estimated. Puerto Rican population trends -- The Fuerto Rican population of 54,000 in 1930, accounted for eight-tenths of one percent of the City's population, but has grown to an estimated 566,000 in 1957, 7.3 percent of the City's total population. Between 1950 and 1957 the City's Fuerto Rican population has more than doubled, and if present trends continue, it is estimated that the Fuerto Rican population will double itself again by 1975, reaching a total of 1,100,000, or 13.2 percent of the City's total.

A high level of employment in New York City and the =st of Conti- nentalunited States encourages a high rate of inrmigration from Fuerto Rico. Similarly, a dowmard turn in the business cycle discourages migration. The minor economic recessions of 1954 and 1957-58 resulted in sharp declines in net out-migration from Fuerto Rico. (See Table I)

In New York City the majority of Fuerto Ricans nor find employment primarily in three fields. These are the apparel trades, service establishments (includiw hotels. restaurants. and laundries). and a number of manufadturing assembly berations rekring manual skills, such as the manufacture of toys, radio ard television sets, and other electronic-electrical equipment where numerous elements are assembled into a final product.

As with earlier migrants from Eumpe, the Fuerto Rican seeks in Continental United States an opportunity to improve his economic status. Continued migration pmbably will be dependent primarily on job opportunities. At the same time, the relative economic expansion of other rapidly growing areas throughout the country will also affect the number of migrants attracted to the New York area.

Jewish mpulatim in New York City Historical backround -- Jewish imnigration to America may be divided -to four periods. The Sepfladic era began in 1654 with the immigration of Spanish and Portuguese Jews, and ended during the last decade of the 18th century. The imuigration of Jews fmm Germany, Austria, and Bohda began in 1815, and ended 50 years later, although a trickle of German-Jewish inmigration continued to 1910. Eastern European immigration, primarily fmm Fwssia-Poland, but also including Austria-Hungary, Ihlmania, and other Balkan countries, became significant in the 1870s. In 1881 the first tidal wave of inrmigration from Russia and Poland mept into the U~tedStates bringing more than 2,000,000 Jews on its crest. It entirely engulfed previous Jewish

settlements.~~ continuine to 19U.. ,. The- fourth~~ ~eriodcovers 1915 to the present, reachingp=i$ficant pmportions in the 1930s during the Hitlerian period, and imediate'ly following World War 11, from 1946 onwards.

In September 1654, thirty-four years after the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth Rock, a French warship, the St. Charles, sailed into the harbor of New Amstedam, with twenty three ~ewishrefugees fm Brazil. New mterdam at that time had a total population of 800. The TABLE 5

PUEKPO RICAN MIORBTION TO NEW YORK CITY 1941 - 1958

..- " out - migration Estimated net migration from to New York City Year Fuerto Rico a Rrcent Number

(a) Derived by subtracting "total migratian from all countries to Fuerto Rico" fmm "total migration to all countries from Fuerto Rico." These data are prepared by the Puerto Rico Planning Boaxi and maintained on a curnent basis by the New York City Department of City Pldng. (b) The percent of Fuerto Ricars whose destination is New York City is estimated by the Migration Division, Department of Labor, Camonwealth df Fuerto Rico. (c) Derived by applying the arrnual percent to net out-migration from Fuerto Rico. Estimates are rounded to the nearest hundred. Spanish and Portuguese Jewish population of New Amsterdam grew very Slowly.

In 1664 an English fleet sailed into New Amsterdam, captured and renamed it New York, and for the next hundred years Jews became sub- jects of Great Britain. At the out bred^ of the war for independence, the Jewish population, living primarily in New York, Newport, Philadel- phia, and Charleston, numbered about 2,500 among the nearly 3,000,000 inhabitants of the thirteen colonies. When the last shot of the Revo- lution was fired, New York had about 400 Jewish residents. Though small in number, the Jews in New York laid the foundatians of the greatest Jewish center in history.

With the defeat of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, violent anti-semitism in Gemany, Austria, and Bohemia made life for the Jewish population unbearable. The German-Jewish immigration began, and increased significantly in the 1840s. Between 1840 and 1848 the Jewish population of the United States grew from 15,000 to 50,000. In 1848, New York's Jewish population was 15,000. With the passage of tiue, the Jews of New York grew in wealth as well as numbers. Nearly 100,000 Jews cam2 to the United States between 1843 and 1860. At the beginning of the Civil War, the Jewish population of the United States numbered close to 150,000. Twenty years later, the Jewish population was about 250,000, 80,000 of whom lived in New York.

Jewish immigration fmm Russia-Poland began shortly after 1845, and by 1870 about 5,000 Russian Jews resided in the United States. By 1880 their number had gmwn to 50,000. The pogroms of 1881-82, touched off by the assassination of Alexander 11, resulted in the migration of 1,000,000 Jews between 1881 and 1900, and of these nearly MX),000 came to the United States. After arriving in New York, the more adventumus immigrants mved to the South and to the West, establishing themselves in the business life of their communities.

Jewish population in New York City. 1900-1975 -- In 1900 the Jew- ish population of New York City stood at 598,000, and in 1910 at 1,252,000, reflecting the heavy immigration of the first decade of the century. Since then, the Jewish population has comtituted at least 25 percent of total population, except in 1940 when it was 23.9 percent. (see Table 6.)

During the fourth period of Jewish Wgration which covers 1915 to the present, over 750,000 came to the United States. Between 1915 and 1924, the rate of Jewish immigratian was over 50,000 per year. The impact of the quota system was first felt in 1922. This Wgration law was made even more restrictive in 1924. The rate of Jewish W- gration between 1922 and 1944 dmpped to about 17,000 per year, and is even lower since the end of World War 11. The reasons for the low volume of imnigration since the end of World War I1 are, first, United States immigration policy; second, the establishment of the State of Total Jewish Jewish as Year population a population percent of total

U.S. Department of Camerce, Bureau of the Census data, except estimate for 1975 which was made by the Regional Plan Association, and adjusted by the New York City Department of City Planning. Estimates for 1900, 1910 and 1920 were made by Dr. Walter Iaidlaw by interpolation of data gathered by the U.S. Bureau of the Census' census of religious bodies for 1890, 1906 and 1916. See Popula- tion of the City of New York. 1890 - 1930, compiled and edited by Walter Iaidlaw, Cities Census Cdttee, Inc., 1932, p. 270 and Table 62, p. 275. Data for 1923, 1930, 1940, 1950 and 1957 were compiled by the Demographic Study Committee, Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New York, using the Yom Kippur technique. Not available. Includes about 16,000 Embers of crews of vessels tied up in Man- hattan and Bmoklyn docks. Includes about 3,000 members of crews of vessels tied up in Man- hattan docks. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, S~ecialCensus, April 1, 1957. Data apply to year 1958. School attendance data for 1957 are not available because Yom Kippur was on a Saturday. Estimated by the Demographic Study Committee, Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New York, by extrapolating trend data of Jewish population of New York City's 69 study areas, then agg~gatingby bomugh and city. Israel and its acceptance of all Jewish innnigrants; and, third., the re- fusal of the iron curtain countries in Eastern Eumpe to pennit Jewish emigration. The Jewish population of New York City was 2,114,000 in 1957 - the highest total ever reached. This is almost four times the size of the Jewish population in 1900. In 1957 the Jewish population constituted 27.1 percent of the City's 7,795,000 total population.

Between 1957 and 1975 it is anticipated that the Jewish population of the City will be stable, although significant neighborhood shifts and a considerable in- and out-migration will take place. It is estimated that the total Jewish population in 1975 will be 2,176,000, or 25.7 percent of a projected total population of 8,715,000.

Jewish Population in the New York Area

In 1957, Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester counties had Jewish pop- uLations of 729,000, 20,000, and 116,000, respectively. (See Table 7.) The Jdsh population as a percent of total was 27.9 in Nassau, 7.8 in Suffolk, and 15.5 in Westchester. The forecast of J wish population for 1975 is 5,000 for Nassau 77,000 for Suffolk J and 154,000 for Westchester,D a total of 582,633 for the three suhrban counties, as compared with a 1950 total of 465,000.

The Jewish population of the eight-county New York area in 1957 was 2,579,000, fonning 25.1 percent of total population. By 1975 the New York area Jewish population will be 2,716,000, or 27.6 percent of total population. The 1957-75 increase of 179,000 will be primarily in the three suburban counties which will add 117,000, while the remaining 22,000 will be New York City's Jewish population increase.

Ape distribution of the area's Jewish po~~lation-- The dominant changes in the area's age distribution of the Jewish population paral- lel national trends for the total population. Two facts are outstand- ing: first, an increased proportion of young children, and second, an increased proportion of elderly persons.

In New York City, the proportion of elementary school age children, five through fourteen, mse from 12.5 percent in 1950 to 14.9 percent in 1957, primarily because of the relatively high birth rate following the war. (See Table 8.) The number of children in this gmup increased from 250,000 to 7U,000 over this period. At the same

4. Although the demographers do not wish to alter these projections, it is well to bear in mind that if better transportation is provided to the counties of Westchester and Suffolk, bringing with it industry and other conrmercial centers, the Jewish population may well exceed these pmgnostications. TABLE 7

TOTAL AND JEWISH FOHJLATION OF THE NEW YOFX AREA

1957 a AND 1975 (IN THOUSANDS)

Total Jewish Jewish as Year population population percent of

Ner York City

Westchester

New YOrk Area

(a) Total population data are for 1957; Jewish population estimates are for 1958.

(b) Jewish population data in suburban counties prior to 1957 are not available. Data for 1973 are estimates. DISTRIBLPPION OF THE JEWISH POPLI~IONIN

THE NEW YORK AREA BY AGE, 1940 - 1958

1940 1950 1958 Age groups Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent (thousands) (thousands) (thousands)

New York Citg Under 5 166 8.3 5 - 14 250 12.5 15 - 2L 266 13.3

45 - 64 65 and over ~otal~ Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester Under 5

Not Not availableb available"

65 and over ~otal~ rn ABE 8 - Continued

Number Percent amber Percent Number percent (thousands1 (thousands) (thousands)

Total New York area Under 5 5 - 14 74 35 - 44 LOO 45 - 64 65 and over

(a) Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.

(b) Jewish data for the thee suburban counties are not available prior to 1958. time, the City's Jewish 65 and over age emup increased fmm 5.5 percent of total population in 1940 to 10.0 percent in 1957. Moreover, the increasing proportion in the 45 to 64 age group, rising from 21.9 percent in 1940 to 26.5 percent in 1957 is a further indication of the trend to an older population.

In the three suburban counties, the proportion of Jewish school age children was 20.7 percent in 1957, and the under 5 age group was 11.1 percent, a total of 31.8 percent. The same age groups accounted for 22.7 percent in New York City, indicating the relative importance of young children as a probable inducement for suburban living. At the same time, the 65 and over age gmup constitutes only 6.5 percent of total Jewish population in the suburban counties, supporting the fact that older persons prefer the conveniences of the City's core after the children have gruwn, and tend to move back to the in-lying residential areas. However, increased facilities for the aged in suburban areas, particularly day care centers, and the high cost of apartments in de- sirable sections of New York City pmper, may in the course of time re- duce the back to the City trend for the older people.

The New York area pmportione reflect the weight of the New York City totals, with 15.9 percent in the 5-14 age gmup, and 9.3 percent in the 65 and wer group. CEOCRAPflIC DISPRIBWION OF THE JEWISH POPUWION WITHIN TIE NFN YOFiX AREA

The eight-county New York area consists of two major subdivisions

- ..~New York.~- Citv- and the three suburban counties.~~ New York- Citv is di- , vided into five bomughs, each of which corresponds to a county. The three suburban counties include Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester.

To study the geographic distribution of the Jewish population required data not only for the eight counties, but also for smaller geographic subdivisions. For the purposes of this study, the New York area was divided into 81 study bistricts. Sixty-nine of these are in the five boroughs of New York City, and were defined by the Ner York City Department of City Planning. The study district boundaries, built up from smaller geographic subdivisions, coincide precisely with the boundaries of census tracts and health areas. The three suburban counties were divided into 12 study areas.u pistribution of the Jewish Po~ulationby County, 1923-1975y

In 1923, the first year for which data was available thmugh the Yom Kippur technique, the largest number of Jewish people lived in BrooUyn. At that time the Jewish populatiori of Bmoklyn was 740,000. (See Table 9 and Figure 2.) This number increased to a peak of 920,000 in 1950 and declined in 1958 to 854,000, which constitutes 40 percent or the City's Jewish population. It is anticipated that Brooklyn's Jewish population will continue to decline reaching 827,000 in 1975, but it will still maintain its position as the City's leading Jewish bomugh, and account for about 39 percent of We City's total Jewish population.

hlanhattan's Jewish population was at its peak in 1923, with a total of 706,000, living primarily in the Loner East Side, Harlem and Yorkville. Manhattan's Jewish population rapidly declined to 297,000 in 1930 and then to 270,000 in 1940. The loss of over 425,030 Jewish people in Manhattan shows up as increases in the bomughs of the Bmm and Bmohlyn. Manhattan's Jewish population rose again to 339,000 in 1958, but at the same tinr: dmpped fmm third to fourth place in tern of Jewish population among the five boroughs. The increase from 1950 to 1958 was primarily due to inmigration of Gemand East European Jews. Between 1958 and 1975 Manhattan's Jewish population will decline slightly to a total of 322,000.

1. See Appendix A, Technical Note on Methodolow and Data Limitations.

2. Historical data for each of the eight counties in the New York area appear in Appendix B.

21 TABLE 9

TOTAL AND JEWISH PORTWION OF THE NCR YaRK AREA,

FIVE BOROUGHS, NASSAU, SJFFOIK AND WE~CHESPERCOUNTIES, 1923 - 1975 (IN THOUSANDS)

Jewish as Bornugh or Year Total Jewish a percent of county population a population total

Manhattan

Bronx

Queens TABU 9 - Continued h Borough or Year Total Jewish a percent of county population a population total

Nassau

Suff olk 1957 529 20 3.8 1975 845 33 3.9

Westchester 1957 752 116 15.5 1975 973 154 15.8

(a) U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the CeMus data, except estimates for 1975 which were made by the Regional Plan bsocia- tion, and adjusted by the New York City Depa-t of City Plan- ning. (b) Jewish population data were compiled by the Demographic Study Cdttee, Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New York, using the Yom Kippur technique. Jewish population figpres shown for 1957 are actually 1958 data. School attendance data for 1957 are not available. because Yom Ki~~urlas on a Saturday. The 1975 estimates are'extrapolations bi. the Jerish population data for the 81 study areas included in the survey of the Demgraphic Study Committee. Not available. 1923 was not a census year. Excludes 9,269 members of crevs of vessels tied up in Manhattan docka. The U.S. Bureau of the Census total is 1,867,312. The adjustment was made by the New York City Department of City Plan- ning. (e) Excludes 3,307 members of ems of vessels tied up in Manhattan docks. The U.S. Bureau of the Census total is 1,889,924. The adjustment was made by the New York City Department of City Plan- ning. (f) Excludes 6,787 members of crevs of vessels tied up in Brooklyn docks. The U.S. Bureau of the Cervrus total is 2,5&3,401. The ad- justnk?nt was rmde by the New York City Department of City Plan- ning. (g) Jerish connrmnity leaders in Richmond indicate that estimates significantly understate actual Jewish population. In nonuunities where Jewish population is such a snall percentage of total popu- Lation, the level of Jewish school attendance on Yom Kippur is higher than in areas where the proportion of Jewish families is larger. Hence, the Yam Kippur method tends to understate Jerish population in these areas. This is a weakneas of the technique. (h) The 1975 forecast which is an extrapolation of previous data is probably too low. See footnote (g). 23 Figure 2. Bstiaated Jewish population in the five bar@ of New York City. and ABssau. Saolk, and Vestchester Counties selected years, 193 - 1975

Jewish Jewish populatim population (in Thousands) (in Thouasnds)

1.m 1.000

goo goo Brooklyn 800 800

700 700

€03 €03

500

400 400

300

200 200

100

Richmond SuifOE5 0 0 1923 1930 1940 1950 1958 191 > Bronx, the borough nrnldng second in Jewlsh population, reached a peak of 585,000 in 1930. Between 1930 and 1950 it declined to 519,000, a loss of 66,000 people. The Jewish population of the Bmnx has been declining steadily since then, and will probably reach a total of 450,000 by 1975.

Queers, on the other hand, starting wdestly in 1923 with a Jewish poplation of only 50,000 has been increasing steadily. It is estimated that by 1975 Queens' Jewish population will reach 528,W0, an increase of over 950 percent. The heaviest increase occurred between 1950 and 1957, reflecting the post-World War I1 migration to the suburbs.

This movement is reflected also in the anticipated Jewish population gmwth between 1958 and 1975 in Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester counties. Accounting for 465,000 Jewish people in 1958, these three mburban counties will number about 582,000 in 1975, an increase of 117,000, or almost 25 percent. The Jewish population of Nassau County will increase fmm 329,000 to 395,000 between 1958 and 1975, a 20.1 percent increase. Over the sate period Suffolk County's Jewish population will increase from 20,000 to 33,000, a 65.0 percent increase, while in Westchester the 1958-75 increase will be 38,MX), a 32.8 percent increase.v

pistribution of the Jewish Population in New York Area Communities. 1923 - 1975 The 69 study districts in New York City and the 12 in the three suhurban counties are distributed as follows: Mmhattan - l4, the Bmm - 12, Brmklyn - 20, Queers - 17, Richmond - 6, Nassau - 3, Suffolk - 3, and Westchester - 6.Y The data on comnmities in htinhat- tan appear in Table 10, Bronx in Table 11, Brooklyn in Table 12, Queens and Richmond in Table 13, and Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester in Table l4. These tables classify the cormrmnities according to the concentration of estimated Jewish population in 1950 as a percent of total population in each study area. The second classification on each table gives the percentage of the Jewish population in each study area in relation to the total population in the county for each of the years shom.

Tables 15, 16, and,l7u classify New York City's 69 study areas according to concentration of Jewish population as a percent of total

3. See footnote (4), Chapter I.

4. The 81 study areas are defined in Appendix C, which also presents historical data on Jewish population for 1923 through 1958 and pmjec- tiom to 1975.

5. Table 17 also includes the 12 study areas of the suburban counties. 25 TABLE 10

mISH FOmLKTION TRENDS IN MANHATTAN CWNITIES

(IN THOUSAN~S)

rear study areasa 1927 1930 1940 Number Name Wer Percent Number Percent Number percent 40 percent or more None 30-39.9 percent N 3 Lower East Side 3U 44.5 102 34.5 0 13 Washingtan Heights 32 4.5 65 22.0

20-29.9 percent 8 Park West 10-19.9 percent 2 Creedch Village 6 0.8 4 1.4 9 Yorlrville-East of Central Park 88 12.5 30 10.1 10 Morningeide Heights 49 6.9 35 11.8

9.9 percent or less 1 uwer ?anhattan 1 0.1 1 0.3 4 West Midtown-Cheleea 4 0.6 3 1.0 5 Times Square-fidtom 1 0.1 1 0.3 6 stuyvesant Town+mroy Square 8 1.2 3 1.0 TABLE 10 - Continued

LC-. Stuav areasa 1923 1930 1940 Number Name Nwnber Percent Number Percent Wer Percent 9.9 percent or less icontinued) 7 East Midtown 5 0.7 1 0.3 1 0.4 11 West -~Harlem 76 10.8 2 0.7 1 0.L 12 East Harlem 101 14;3 3 li0 1 0;i 14 East Mver 1slandsb ------Total wattan' 706 100 297 100 270 100

hl -l 1950 1958 197P 40 percent or mare None

20-39.9 percent 3 Uwer East Side 83 25.2 70 20.7 57 17.8 13 Washington Heights 73 22.1 68 20.1 60 18.8

20-29.9 Dercent Park West

2 Greenwich Village 9 2.7 10 3.0 12 3.8 9 Yorkville-East of Central Park 34 10.3 42 12.4 48 15.0 10 Mrningside Heights 29 8.8 25 7.4 26 8.1 TABLE 10 - Continued

Year Studv areasa 1950 1958 1975O mber Name Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Q percent or less 1 Imer Manhattan 2 0.6 4 1.2 3 0.9 4 West Midtm-Chelsea 7 2.1 7 2.1 7 2.2 5 Times Square-Mdtom 6 1.8 10 3.0 4 1.2 6 Stuyvesant TonnCramercy auare 9 2.7 15 4.4 16 5.0 7 East Midtawn 1 0.3 2 0.6 2 0.6 11 West Harlem 1 0.3 6 1.8 8 2.5 12 East narlem 1 0.3 6 2.4 13 4.1 l-4 East River lslandeb ------N m Total MsrrhsttanC 331 1W 339 1W 322 100

(a) study areas are classified according to concentration of Jewish population in 1950 as a percent of total population in each study area in 1950. (b) Inetitutional population. (c) Detaila may not add to totals because of munding. (d) Estimated. TABLE 11

JiWISH WPUWION TRENDS IN BRONX CWNTrlES

Year Study areasa 1923 1930 1940 Number Name Numher Percent Number Percent Number percent

40 percent or mre 23 West Bronx 26 6.8 125 21.4 43 26.5 25 ~ordham 4 3.7 83 4.2 94 17.4 26 pelham Parkway 3 0.8 34 5.8 41 7.6 ,.> ,.> ;i, 30-39.9 ~ercent 22 mts Point 34 8.9 30 5.1 21 3.9 24 Morrisania 170 44.4 171 29.2 124 23.0 26 Tmnt 44 11.5 56 9.6 49 94

20-29.9 Dement 27 Soundview-Parkchester 4 1.0 16 2.7 12 2.2 30 Riverdale 9 2.4 4 0.7 5 0.9 jl North Bmnx 13 3.4 27 4.6 32 5.9

10-19.9 ~ercent None

s9percent or less 21 South Bmnx a 16.7 38 6.5 29 Pelham Bay-Thmgs Neck 2 0.5 1 0.2 TABLE 11 - Continued

Year Studv areasa 1923 1930 1940 Number Name Number Percent Number Percent Number percent

9.9 Dercent or less continued 32 Lker's &andb ------Total BronxC 782 100 585 100 538 100

40 percent or more w 27 West Bmnx 178 26.6 121 24.5 102 22.8 0 25 Fordham 105 20.2 102 20.7 87 19.L 28 Pelham Parkway 59 11.4 65 13.2 59 13i2 30-39.9 ~ercent 22 Hunts mint 2A Morrisania 26 Tremont

20-29.9 percent 27 Soundview-Parkchester 18 3.5 17 3.5 29 6.5 30 Riverdale 8 1.5 8 1.6 12 2.7

10-19.9 percent None TABLE 11 - Continued

- Year Study areasa 1950 1958 1975O Number Name Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

9.9 percent or less 21 South Bmnx 16 3.1 18 3.7 14 3.1 29 Pelhan ~ay-~hmgsNeck 1 0.2 2 0.4 2 0.4 32 Riker's 1slandb ------

Total ~ron*~ 5 19 103 493 103 450 100

(a) Study areas are classified according to concentration of Jewish population in 1950 as a percent of total population in each study area in 1950. (b) Institutional population. (c) Details may not add to totals because of rounding. (a) Estimated. mISH POPIJUTION TRFNDS IN BROOKLYN CCMWNITIES

(IN THOUSANDS) Year Study area" 1923 19 30 1940 Number Name Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

40 Dercent or more L8 Crown Heights 26 3.5 54 6.3 6L 7.5 50 Borough park 47 6.4 61 7.2 62 7.2 51 Flatbush 16 2.2 56 6.6 11.0 .- 52 East Flatbush-Bromsvllle 172 23.2 170 20.0 1L594 16.9 53 East New York-Jamica Bay 106 lk. 3 99 11.6 7% 9.2 54 Flatlands4anarsie 4 0.5 16 1.9 18 2.1 56 Bensonhurst 45 6.1 76 8.9 79 9.2 57 ~ath~each-~~ner Park 4 0.5 46 5.4 47 5.5 59 Sheepshead Bey 7 0.9 21 2.5 35 4.1 60 coney ~sland-Manhattan Beach 35 4.7 47 5.5 53 6.2

30-39.9 Dercent 42 Williamsburg IB 18.8 78 9.2 61 7.1 58 Midwood Marine Wrk 3 0.4 29 3.4 34 4.0

20-29.9 percent 41 Dmtown Brooklyn 10-19.9 percent None TABLE 12 -Continued

mISH POPULATION TREhW IN BROOKLYTJ CO~ITIES 1923 - 1975 (IN THOUSANDS)

Year Study areasa 1927 1930 1940 Number Name Number Percent Nwber Percent Number Percent 9.9 percent or less Greenpoint South Brooklyn

Bushwick Park Slope Sunset Park Bay Ridge b Total Brooklyn

40 percent or mre 48 Crown Heights 75 8.2 58 6.8 56 6.8 50 Borough Park 67 7.3 64 7.5 60 7.3 51 Flatbush 122 13.3 12L U.5 126 15.3 52 East Flatbwh-Bmville 126 17.7 96 11.2 77 9.3 53 East New York-Jmica Bay 74 8.0 90 10.5 94 11.4 54 Flatlands-Canarsie 20 2.2 28 3.3 28 3.4 56 Bensonhurst 85 9.2 60 7.0 55 6.6 TABLE 12 - Continued JFNISH POPULATION TRENDS IN BROOKLYN CWITIFZ

1923 - 1975 (IN THOUSANDS) - - Year study areesa 1950 1958 1975~ Wbzr Name Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 40 percent or more - contld. 57 mth ~each-lllmer ~rk 49 5.3 51 6.0 50 6.1 59 Sheepshead my 48 5.2 48 5.6 52 6.3 60 Coney Island-Manhattan Beach 55 6.0 45 5.3 57 6.9 X 30-39.9 percent 42 WiYi-burg 67 7.3 47 5.0 3jd 4.0 58 Mdaood-Marine park 55 6.0 64 7.5 n 8.6

20-29.9 wrcent 41 Dmtm BmoMyn 26 2.8 22 2.6 18 2.2 10-19.9 percent None

9.9 percent or less 43 Greenpoint 44 South Brooklyn 45 Bedford Stuyvesant 46 Bushmlck TABLE 12 - Continued

JEWISH POPULATION TRENDS IN BROOKLYN CW~ITIF2

1923 - 1975

(IN THOUSANDS)

Year Study areasa 1950 1958 1975C Number Name Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

L9 uercent or less - cont'd 47 Park Slope 4 0.4 5 0.6 3 0.4 49 Sunset Park 5 0.6 6 0.7 3 0.4 w 55 Bay Ridge 5 0.6 8 0.9 6 0.7 u b Total Brooklyn 9 20 100 854 100 827 100

(a) Study areas are classified according to concentration of Jewish population in 1950 as a percent of total population in each study area in 1950. (b) Details may not add to totals became of rounding. (c) Data apply to year 1958. School attendance data for 1957 are not available, tecawe Ym Kippur was an a Satmay. (d) The Jerlsh population of Williamsburg my undergo a more rapid reduction if current reports on the exodw of Haseidim are carried out expeditiol~sly. 1? ? ??? mO. I", I N NP-N 1 AN I 1? d TABLE 13 - Continued

mISH POPULATION TRENDS IN QUEENS AN0 RICHMOND CCMUNITLES 1923 - 1975 (IN THOUSANX)

-- Year Study areasa 1923 19 30 19LO Number Name Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 4.9 percent or less 72 Astoria Woodside-Jackson Heights 7376 Ridsewood+s~eth W 77 ~oliege~oint%itestone 81 Woodhaven-Richmond Hill 85 Richmond Hill South- Ozone Park b Total weens

91 St. George 92 Port Richmond 93 New DorpSouth Beach Central Richmond-Castleton 9495 Mariner's Harbor-Travis 96 Rossville-Tottenville Total Frichuwndb TAR1.E 13 - Continued JEWISH POPULATION TFLENDS IN QUEENS AND RICHMOND COMJNITIES

(IN THOUSNA3)

Year Study areas a 1950 1958 1975~ Number Name Number Percent Munber p~ cent Number Percent 40 percent or more 74 Forest Hills-Rego Park 15.4 74 17.5 86 16.3 87 The Rockawavs 2534 11.3 M 7.1 46 8.7 W 01 30-39.9 percent 80 South Flushing-Freeh Meadws 25 11.3 51 12.0 51 9.7 20-29.9 ~ercent 86 Springfield Gardens- Laurelton 15 6.8 19 4.5 25 4.7 10-19.9 Dercent 71 Long Island City- Sunnyside 9 4.1 12 2.8 11 2.1 75 :.:iddle Village 6 2.7 8 1.9 10 1.9 78 Flushing 12 5.4 18 4.2 25 4.7 79 Bayside-Oakland Gardens 7 3.2 33 9.2 48 9.1 82 ~&ica~outhJamaica 21 9.5 25 5.9 28 5.3 83 Queens Village-Hollis 17 7.7 17 4.0 17 3.2 84 Douglaston-Little Neck 6 2.7 32 7.5 38 7.2 ~LE13 - Continued

JEWISH POP'LTION TRENDS IN QWNS AND RICHMOND CWITIES 1923 - 1975

(IN THOUSANDS)

Year study areasa 1950 1958 1975f Number Name Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

9.9 oercent or less Astoria 13 5.9 22 5.2 26 4.9 72 Woodeide-Jackson Heights 20 9.0 41 9.7 67 12.7 7376 Ridgerood-peth 1 0.5 2 0.5 2 0.4 77 College Point-Whitestone 2 0.9 24 5.7 36 6.8 81 Woodhaven-Richmond Hill 5 2.3 4 0.9 5 1.0 85 Richmond Hill South- Ozone Park 2. 2 6 > -7 A Total ~ueenab 223 100 423 100 528 100 ~iChmcoldd 91 st. George 1 25.0 2 33.3 3 33.3 92 Port Richd 1 25.0 2 33.3 2 22.2 93 New DorpSouth Beach (c) - 1 16.7 2 22.2 94 Central Richmond-Castleton 1 25.0 1 16.7 2 22.2 95 Mariner's Harbor-Travis (c) - (c) - (c) - 96 Rossville-Tottenville A A A) Total Richmondb 4 100 6 100 9 100 TABLE 13 - Cmtinued

(a) Study areas are classified according to concentration of Jewish population in 1950 as a percent of total population in each study area in 1950. (b) Details may not add to totals because of rounding. (c) Less than 500. (d) The six Richmond study areas had a Jewish populatiM of 9.9 percent or less of total population in 1950. Jewish community leaders in Richmond indicate that estimates shown significantly understate actual Jewish population. In conmolnities where Jewish population is such a small percentage of total population, the level of Jewish school attendance on Yw Kippur is higher than in areas where the proportion of Jewish families is larger. Hence, the Z. Z. Yom Ki~~ur - ---> method tends to understate Jewish ~o~ulationin these areas.. This- b is a wealaress of the technique. (e) The 1975 forecast for Richmnd which is an extrapolation of previous data is probably too low. See footnote (d). (f) Estimated. TABLE 14

JEWISH POPULATION TRENDS IN NPSSAU, SUFFOLK AND WESTCHESTER C~ITIES 1957 - 1975

(IN THOUSANDS)

Year %

40 percent or more None

30-39.9 percent Tom of Hempstead, Nassau New Rochelle, Westchester P r 20-29.9 percent Town of North Hempstead, Nassau Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau Western Section, Suffolk

10-19.9 percent Mt. Vernon. Westchester White plains, Westchester Yonkers, Westchester Southern Section, Westchester 9.9 percent or less Eastern Section, Suffolk Central Section, Suffolk Northern Section, Westchester Total three counties TABLE 1L - Continued

(a) Study areas are classified accordhg to concentration of Jewish population in 1957 as a percent of total population in each study area in 1957.

(b) Estimted

CLASSIFICATION OF STUDY AREAS ACCORDING TO CONCENTRATION OF

JMISH POPULATION AS A PERCElfI OF TOTAL POPUIATION, 1930

40 percent or more Brooklyn &g!& Williamsburg Hunts Point Borough Park West Bronx East Flatbush-Brmville Morrisania East New York-Jamaica Bay Fordham Flatlands - Canarsie Bensonhurst Bath Beach-Ulmer Park The Rockaways Sheepshead Eky Cones Island - Manhattan Beach 30 - 39.9 percent Brooklyn Crown Heights Tremont Flatbush Soundview - Parkchester Pelham Parkway Manhattan Lower East Side Washington Heifzhts

20 - 29.9 percent Brooklyn Bronx Midwood - Marine Park South Bronx Riverdale North Bmnx Manhattan Park West lilornineside Heights

10 - 19.9 percent Brwklyn Creenpoint Middle Village BedfordStuyvesant Jamaica - South Jamaica Springfield Gardens - Laurelton- - -~Rosedale 1ilanhattan Yorkville - East of Central Park TABLE 15 - Continued - 9.9 percent or less Manhattan Bronx Lwer Manhattan Pelham Bay - Throgs Neck Greenwich Village Rilrer's Island West Midtown - Chelsea Times Square - Midtown Brooklyn Stuyvesant Tom-Grmrcy Square Downtown Brooklyn East Midtown South Brooklyn West Harlem Bushwick East Harlem Park Slope East River Islands Sunset Park Bay Ridge Long Island CitySunnyside Richmond St. George Woodside-Jackson Heighrs Port Richmond Foresr ILills-Rego Park New DorpSouth Beach Ridged-Maspeth Central Richmrmd-Castleton

Colleee Point-Whitestone~~ ~ Corners Fluzh- Mariner's Harbor-Travis Bayside-Wand Gardens Rossville-Tottenville

south Flushine-Fresh Meadows~ ~~ woodhaven-~ic-&nd Hill Queens Village-Hollis ~uglaston-~ittleNeck Richmond Hill South-Ozone Park TABLE 16

CWIFICATION OF STUDY AREU ACCORDING TO CONCENTRATION OF

JEWISH POPULATION AS A PERCENT OF TOTAZ. POPVLIITION, 1950

LO percent or more Bmoklyn Bronx Crom Heights West Bronx Borough Park Fordham Flatbush Pelham Parkway East Flatbush-Brornsville East New York-Jamaica Bay (Xleens Flatlands-Canarsie Forest Hills-Reg0 Park Bensonhurst The Rockaways Bath Beach-Uluer Park Sheepshead Bay Coney Island-Manhattan Beach

30 - 3.9 percent Brooklm Bronx Yiilliams burg Hunts Point Midwood-Marine Park Morrisania Tremont Manhattan Loner East Side Washington Heights South Flushing-mesh Meadm-Utopia

20 - 29.9 percent Brooklyn Bronx Domtom Brooklyn Soundview-Parkchester Riverdale .ManI?nttan North Bronx Park West

Springfield Gardens-Lamlton- Rosedale TABLE 16 - Continued

10 - 19.9 percent Manhattan Long Island City-Sunnyside Greenwich Village Middle Village Yorkrille - East of Central Park Flushing Morningside Heights Bayside-Oakland Gardens JamaicaSouth Jamaica Queens Village-HollisSt. Albans Douglaston-Little Neck-Bellerose

9.9 percent or less lilanhattan wmlrlm Lower Manhattan Greenpoint West Midtom-Chelsea South Brooklyn Tiues Square-Midtom BedfordStuyvesant Stuyvesant Tom-Gramercy Square Bushwick East Midtom Park Slope West Harlem Sunset Park East Harlem Bay Ridge East Rivei Islands -Bronx South Bronx Pelham Bey-ThrCgS Neck Riker's Island coliege ~oint&hitestone Woodhaven-Richmond Hill Richmond Richmond Hill South- St. George Ozone Park Port Richmond New Dorp-South Beach Central Richmond-Castleton Corners Mariner's Harbor-Travis Rossville-Tottenville TABLE 17

CLASSIFICATION OF STUDY AREAS ACCaRDIPG TO CONCENTRATION OF

JEWISH POPULATION AS A PERCEhT OF TOTAL POPULATION, 1975

40 percent or more Brmklyn Bronx Borough Fark West Bronx Flatbush Fordham East Flatbush-Brmville Pelham Parkway East New York-Jmica Bay Flatlands4anarsie Bath Beach-Ulmer Fark Forest Hills-Rego Park Midwood-Marine Fark Bayside-Oaklad Gardens Sheepshead Bay South Flushing-Fresh Meadows- Coney ~sland-Manh;lttanBeach Utopia Douglaston-Little Neck- Belleme The Rockamp

30 - 39.9 percent Brooklm Crown Heights College Point, Whitestone Bensonhurst Nassau Hempstead Town Manhattan Washimton Heights Westchester New Rochelle

20 - 29.9 percent Brwklm eueens Williamsburg Wwdside-Jackson Heights - ELmhurst-Corona Manhattan Flushing Lower Eaet Side Springfield Gardens-Laurelton- Park West Rosedale Yorkville-East of Central Park Nassau North Hempstead Town Bronx Oyster Bay Town Morrisania Tremont Soundview-Parkcheater Western Section TABU 17 - Continued

10 - 19.9 percent Brooklyn (Xleens Downtown Brwlrlyn Long Island City-Sunnyside Astoria Manhattan Middle Village, part of Glendale Lower Manhattan Jamaica-South Jamaica Greenwich Village weens Village-Hollis-St.Alban3 Times Square-Midtown Stuyvesant Toran4ramercy Park Westchester Morningside Heights Mt. Vernon White Plains Yonkers Riverdale Southern Section (inc. Rye) North Bronx

9.9 percent or less Manhattan Bronx West Midtoran-Chelsea South Bronx East Midtoran Pelham Bay-Throgs Neck West Harlem Riker's Island East Harlem East River Islands

Brooklyn woGhaven-~ichmond Hill Greenpoint Richmond Hill South-Ozone Park South Brooklyn BedfordStuyvesant and 6us:~ick St. George Park Slope Port Richmond Sunset Park New mrp-South Beach Bay Ridge Central Richmond-Castleton Corners Mariner's Harbor-Travis Rossville-Tottenville

Nassau Northern Section (inc. Peekkill) population in 1930, 1950, and 1975, respectively. Five classes of Jew- ish population concentration are used: a Jewish concentration of 9.9 percent or less of total population, 10 - 19.9 percent, 20 - 29.9 percent, 30 - 39.9 percent, and 40 percent or more. These tabulations for New york City are portrayed on mps as Figures 3, 4, and 5 for 1930, 1950 and 1975, respectively. hojections of Jewish population densi- ties in 1975 for Nassau, SuEfolk and Westchester counties are shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8, respectively. mttan-- The Lower East Side in Manhattan probably served as the first home of most Jewish immigrants to the United States. Here they made decisions as to their future in the new country. Many of the more adventurous spirits moved on to newer areas. Others settled on the Lower East Side and raised their families. In 1923, 314,000 Jemsh persons lived in this section, accounting for 44.5 percent of Manhat- tan's total Jewish ornulation. Since then. the ~onuLationof the community has been deciining - 102,000 in 1930, 70,s in 1958, and a pmjected 57,000 in 1975.

East Harlem as a secondary area of Jewish concentration in 1923 had about 101,000 Jews. As a result of a heavy out-migration in the 1920s, it has all but disappeared as a Jewish ccammmity.

By 1975, almost three-quarters of Manhattan's ~ewishpopulation will be concentrated in four areas: Park West, Washington Heights, mer East Side, and Yorkville-East of Central Park. The Bmnx -- In 1923, 55.9 percent of the Jewish population was concentrated in two areas - hbrrisania and Treuont. By 1930, both of these areas declined in relative importance, as the Jewish population spread out to West Bronx, Fordhem and Pelham Parkway.

By11975, more than three-quarters of the Jewish population in the Bronx will be living in five of the borough's 12 study areas. In the order of their relative importance in 1975, these areas are West Bronx, Fordham, Morrisanla, Pelham Parkway and Tremont.

Broom -- The three leading areas of Jewish concentration in 1923 were East Flatbush-Bmmville, Williamsburg and East New York- Jamaica Bay. With the in-migration of Manhattan's Jewish population in the 1920s, and the dispersion of the Brooklyn Jewish population from their earlier areas of concentration, the newer residential areas of the borough expanded rapidly. In 1950 about 920,000 Jewish people were living in Bmoklyn'. They were widely dispersed geographically with concentrations of 40 percent or uore of total population in ten of the borough's twenty study areas.

Bs' 1975. a total of 8L.7 ~ercentof Bmoklm's Jem will be Liv- ing in-ten ai-eas: ~latbush,~ist New York-~amaica Bay, East Flatbush- Bmvnsville, Midwood-Marine Park, Borough Park, Coney Island-Manhattan Beach, CmmHeights, Bensonhurat, Sxepahead Bay and Bath Beach-Ulmer Park.

-- The bomugh of weens had a Jewish population of 50,MX) in 1923. It wre than quadmpled by 1950, and will wre than double itself again by 1975, reachiw a total of 528.000. The most wuulous Jewish c~tyin i923 was the Rockarays with 18,000 personit,-accounting for 35.3 percent of the borough's total Jewish population.

In the post-World War I1 out-migretion to the suburbs, Queens' Jewish population expanded rapidly, nmving into the new residential de- velopments built during this period. By 1975, although widely dispersed tluwughout the borough, 336,000 Jewish people, 63.7 percent of the borough's total, will be Living in six of the bomugh's seventeen areas. In the order of their relative importance, they are Forest Hills-Rego Park, Woodside-Jackson Heights, South Flushing-Fresh Mead- ows, Bayeide-Oaklad Gardens, The Rmkarays and Douglaston-Little Neck. Fiichnd -- In Richmond the Jewish population is quite low and has pmbably been underestimated to same extent. (See Appendix B.) The Jewlsh population is dispersed Wmughout the borough, with no significant concentrations forecast for 1975. Most Jews today live in St. George and Port Fiichmond. Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester countiee -- Of the three suburban countiee, Nassau has the heaviest Jerish concentration. With 218,000 Jewish persons in the Town of Hempstead in 1957, by 1975 an estimated 256,000, or 44.0 percent of the suburban county total, wlll be living there. Grmth is also anticipated in North Hempstead and Oyster Bay. In Suffolk, the Western Section, closest to the core of the area, has the heaviest Jewlah concentration, 12,000 in 1957 and a forecast mia ah popniiation of 20,000 in 1975.Y In Weetchester, the Jewish population resides primarily in New Rochelle, Mt. Vernon, White Plains and Yonkers - totaling 67,000 in 1958. By 1975 these four cities will have a total Jewish population of 83,000, wlth the remaining 70, f Westchester'a Jewish population living in scattered cammitiew

- -- 5. See footnote (4), Chapter I.

1950 ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION

Less than 109.

107- to 19.9% / 307. co 39.9"1.

407. or over

Base Map by the New York Clty Plannlng Cmlsslon 1975 ESTDIATED JEWISH POPULATION AS A PERCENI OF TOTAL POPULATION Less than 107. (1202ta29.92 I

107. to 19.9% 302 to 39.97.

407. or over

Base Map by New York City Planning Comnission (\ J NASSAU SUFFOLK W ESTCH ESTER

40% or ove The eight-county analysis by study area is swmariaed in the following tabulation:

TABE 18

mISH CONCENTRATION BY NUMBER OF a AREAS,

NFll YORK CEY AND WEURBAN COUNTIES, SECTED YEARS, 1930 - 1975

Jewish population Number of study areas by year as a percent of Suburban total population New York city counties 1930 1950 1975 1975

40 ~ercentor more l4 15 17 0 30 - 39.9 percent 7 8 5 2 20 - 29.9 percent 6 6 10 3 10 - 19.9 percent 6 10 17 4 9.9 percent or less 36 30 24 3 - - - - Total 69 69 69 12

The trend in New York City is toward a larger rmmber of st* areas with a Jewish po~ulationconcentration of 40 percent or more. As the Jewish ~ooulationbecomes wre widely dispersed. the mber of study areas'nith a Jewish concentration if 9.5 percent or less gms smaller. The number of study areas in the 20 - 29.9 percent and 10 - 19.9 percent gmups is gruwing larger. Thus, the Jewish podation of the New York area is mre widely dis~ersedand mare densely concentrated today than it ever has been, and is continuing in this direction. At the same time, the older, highly concentrated Jewish neighborhoods, such as the mer East Side, Williamsburg, and East Flatbush- Bmville are losing their attraction for Jewish residents, despite efforts to hold them through better and newer housing. SOCIO-ECONWC CKARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW YORK AREA POPULATION

This chapter analyzes the socio-economic characteristics of the New York area's oouulation.. . It reviews the econmic activities of the area - its employment patterns, industries, family income, as well as occupational characteristics and educational attai-t. These facts are basic to an understanding of population trends.y mlccrment Trends

Wholesale and retail trade and service industries for mmy decades have played a more significant role in the eco- of New York City than in that of most other metmoolitan centers of the countm. This concentration is further emphasised by the current expamion of the City's roster of central offices of the Nation's largest corporatiom. The increasing importance of administration and distribution services favors an increase in the number of "white-collar" employees.

Although marmfacturing is relatively less important in the total employment picture in New York than in other large urban areas, it is the largest single industry, and New York still mimthe biggest UwnLfacturing city in the country. In 1957, 956,000 men and women were employed in the City's 38,000 manufacturing firms, mbstantially ex- ceeding the number employed in the next largest city, Chicago. Most of New York City's marmfacturing employees work in Manhattan - 56.1 percent. Brooklyn accounts for 24.3 percent.

In 1957 total employment in New York City waa 3,630,000, with non- manufacturing employment accounting for 2,674,000 employees, or almost 75 percent of the total. By 1975, it Is estimted that total employ- nent will be 3,660,000, almost unchanged. (See Table 19.) Moreover, the relative importance between manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries will remain unchanged. It is expected that employees in manufacturing will continue to decline, as it has since 1947 hen it stood at 1,026,000. By 1957 it had already dropped to 956,000, an average annual loss of over 7,000. By 1975, total manufacturing emplopnt will decline to 925,000, while non-manufacturing employment will increase to 2,735,000.

1. Detailed data on socio-econormic characteristics of the New York area population by study area as of 1950 are presented in Appendix D. TABLE 19 NON-AGRICULTURAL mLOYMENT, NEW YORK CITY BY BORDUGFE

1957 ANNUAL AVERAGE AND 1975 FORECAST

(IN THOUSANDS)

Malor industrr division NewYork Mantattan Bronx Brooklvn Queens Richmond

Total, 1957 Total, 1975

"I U) Manufacturing, 1957 1975 Retail trade, 1957 1975 Wholeeale trade, 1957 1975 Trans~ortationand other

Finance, insurance, and real estate, 1957 1975 TABLE 19 - Continued

mjor induetry division New York Manhattan Bmnx Brooklyn Queens Richmond

Government, 1957 1975 Contract COM~NC~~O~,1957 110 57 12 a 19 1 1975 103 53 11 19 18 1

(a) Details may not add to totals because of rounding. (b) New York State Department of Labor, Labor Market Review, February 1958, voi. 11, NO. 2, pp. 10-11, provides 1957 annual average non-agricultural employment for New York City. Borough brealrs are estimates. (c) Estimated by the New York City Department of City Planning. The shift from manufacturing to service trades and other non- factory activities conforms with the long-tern national trend. A review of the entire post-World War I1 period shms major employment gains in service trades; finance, insurance, and real estate; government; and wholesale trade. Only in retail employment has there been a pmnounced dawnwan3 trend since 1947.

Manufacturine Industries in New York City

Every major minufactwing gmup is represented in New York City. About two-thirds of the City's manufacturing employees work in the nondurable gocds industries. The dominant manufacturing industry in the City is apparel, in which 296,000 persons worked in 1957. (See Table 20 and Figure 9.) The second most important industry in New York City is printing and publishing with 126,000 employees. Other important City industries in the nondurable gmup include food products and leather gocds. In the durable goods group, New York City is important in furniture and fixtures, fabricated metal pmducts and instmnts.

The diversification of industry in New York City contributes a stability to the City's econm which is lacking in many other urban centers. Because the demand for consumer soft goods is generally more constant than the demand for halrd goods, the production of nondurables serves to cushion the shock of an econdc decline. However, the apparel industry, characterized by seasonal activity, is subject to annual fluctuations in its level of employment.

Most of the City's marmfacturers are small firms. The average number of persons employed per establishment is substantially below the national figure. In 1954 almost 75 percent of the 25,040 manufacturing establishments in Manhattan had fewer than 20 employees, with 66 percent for the 12,907 manufacturing establishments in the other four boroughs. large establishments, with 100 or more employees, accounted for 2.5 percent of mnhattan's establishments and 5.5 percent of those in the other boroughs. Between 1947 and 1954 the number of such large establishments in New York City declined fmm 1,505 to 1,947.

Non-manufacturing Industries in New York City

Employment in the seven non-manufacturing categories ranged fmm 110,000 workers in contract construction to 602,000 in service industries. In terms of importance in New York City, finance, insurance and real estate with 772,000 employees accounts for 15.8 percent of total United States employment in this category. Wholesale trade with 793,000 employees accounts for 12.8 percent of t@ U.S. total and services for 9.5 percent. (See Table 20 and Figuw 9.)

These facts are evidence of New York CiTj's position as the trad- ing and financial capital of the Nation. We functions performed by firms in finance, wholesale trade and semces have national and even TABLE 20

EMPUYMENI BY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS, 1957 ANNUAL AVERI\GE

UNITED SPATES, NE# YON CITY AND N'iW YORK AREA (IN THOUSANDS)

Em~lmment New York mlo.vment New York Industry United New ork City as Nassau- West- Ner area as stateea Cityg percent suffolkC chesterd York percent of United areae of United States States

APPaEl 1,199 296 24.7 7 6 309 25.8 Printing and publishing 858 126 14.7 6 6 138 16.0 Inet~~ments 338 26 7.8 22 2 50 14.8 Leather products 370 33 8.9 (f) 1 34 9.1 Furniture 376 20 5.3 2 1 23 6.0 Fabricated metals 1,132 59 5.2 5 4 68 6.0 Food products 1,510 73 4.8 1 5 79 5.3

Finance, insurance, real estate 2,348 372 15.8 13 10 395 16.8 Wholesale trade 3.065 393 12.8 ll 8 W2 13.L~~. Services 6;336 632 9.5 40 32 674 10.6 TABLE 20 - Continued

Emlmnt New York Emplqrment New York Industry United New York City as Nassau- West- New area as Statesa cityb percent SuffoM chested York peroent of United areae of United States States

Transportation and other public utilities 4,151 338 6.1 22 l.4 374 9.0 Retail trade 8,237 458 5.6 69 38 565 6.9 Government 7,626 401 5.3 59 25 485 6.4

(a) U.S. Department of Labor, mauof Labor Statistics, &BntNy Labor Review, January 1959, Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 80-83. (b) New York State Department of Labor, Labor MBrket Review, February 1958, Vo. 11, No. 2, oaf= . -10-71. - -- . (c) s.,p. 12. Data include estimates made by the Naasau-Suffolk labor mrket analyet for induetries not shown in the J&-, and a breakdom of some of the published data to conform with industry grbups shown for the United States and New York City. (d) m.,p. 13. Data include estimates made by the Westchester labor market anslyst for induatries not shm in the Labor Wrket Revlew, and a breakdom of some of the published data to conform with industry groups shm for the United States and New York City. (e) Includes New York City, Nassau, Suffol.!x and Weetchester Counties. Less than 1,000 employees. The industries selected were those for which total employment in the New York area mas at least 5 percent of the national total. The area had 6.0 percent of the population of the U.S. in 1957. Figure 9. Industries concentrated in the Nev York Area, (LB measured by the area's percentage of total U. S. employment in each industry, 1957 annual average

Percent

Apparel

Printing and publishing

InstnImentw

Leather Products

Furniture

Fabricated metals Focd Prcducta B Finance, ineurance, and real estate

Wholesale trade Services L

Transportation and utilities

Retail Trade

Government I 0 10 15 20 25 Percent

Iki?uf8Cturi% - New York City ... . .- ...... ifonmanufacturing - Rev York City E_ Nassau, Sufiolk, and Yestchester Counties inren.ariorlo1 implicarions. a'eclaliats and technicim of all rypes are available in New York. Eusinessmrn solva their producrion pmb- lems, such as quality control; or management problems, such as location of new facilities or expansion of existing facilities, by using the City's reservoir of technical consultants. The manufactmr planning to market a new pmduct or launch a new business may obtain counsel and advice frm patent attorneys, advertising agencies, packaging experts, specialized banking, credit and insurance firms, accountants, special- ists in labor and industrial relations and tra~sportationconsultants.

The accessibility of these numerous and extensive business services is a prime factor in making New York City a favored location for new finoe and headquarters of well-established corporations. Current- ly, more than 90 of the country's 100 largest corporations have main or branch offices in Manhattan's central business district. In recent years mmy large firms which previously maintained small branches in the City have moved their entire central organization into new office buildings erected wholly or in major part for their exclusive use.

Economic Activity in the Suburban Counties

While total employment in New York City during the post-World War 11 period has been relatively stable, continued growth has occurred in the three suburban counties - Nassau. Suffolk and Westchester. Past employment trends along with other supporting factors appear to indicate that the main share of future employment increases will be outside New Ygrk City in the suburban counties.

In 1957 the three suburban counties had 552,000 employees. (See Table 21.) By 1975 it has been estimated that employment rill almost double, bringing the total to 1,075,000. This is pmjected despite a number of serious handicaps. In Nassau and Suffolk counties, they have neither markets nor transport outlets in three major directions except via air. Nassau and Suffolk import their raw materials through New York City and then ship the finished products back to an eight million person market. Manufacturing firms in Long Island must therefore pay higher transport costs far 1tdouble-hauling7' as compared with similar firms in New York City.

This basic geographic factor will therefore limit the growth of its manufacturing activity to three major types of product: a. goods destined ultimately for local consumption; b. goods for which transport costs of raw materials and finished pmduct are a small pmportion of total cost, such as instments and electronic equipment; and c. pmducts which can be flown out, such as aircraft and aircraft instm- ments and equipment. The forecast of a doubling of employment which may occur in Nassau and Suffolk counties by 1975 is based primarily upon the expansion of its two largest industries - aircraft and instm- ment s . TABLE 21

NON-AGRICULTURAL EWLODLEKT, NFX YORX AREA

1957 ANNUAL AVERAOE AND 1975 FOFECAST

(IN THOUSANDS)

New York West- New York Major industry division City Nassau Suffolk chester area

Total, 1975

Total, 1957'

Manufacturing % Retail trade Wholesale trade 393 9 2 8 412 TransporLation, other utilities 338 15 7 1-4 374 Finance, insurance. real estate 372 10 3 10 395 services Government Contract conatmction

(a) Estimated by the New York City Departmnt of City Pbndng. (b) Adjusted to exclude employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing. The forecasts estimted by the Regional Plan Association are: Nassau - 475,000; Suffolk - 265,000; westchester - 350,000. (c) Details may not add to totals because of rounding. (d) New York State Department of Labor, Labor Market Review, February 1958, Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 12. Separate estimates for Nassau and Suffolk prepared by Nassau-Suffolk labor mrket analye t . (e) m., p. 13. MaJor industry breaks estimated by the Westchester labor market analyst. As for Westchester, it is anticipated that its employment rill increase fmm 201,000 in 1957 to 345,000 in 1975. The continuing grorth of Westchester is based primarily upcm its accessibility to New York City, a factor which has influenced its grorth for more than a century. Several of the City's firms have eetablished new facilities in West- chester County. However, the topography and rockiness of the land tend to preclude the type of very rapid expansion which occurred in Nassau County during recent years.

The eight-county New York area had 4,182,000 jobs in 1957, with about three-quarters in non-manufacturiw industries and one-quarter in manufacturi$. By 1975 the area will have 4,735,000 jobs, a i3.2 percent increase.

Fami* Income

Although income statistics for Jewish families am not available, it is reasonable to assume that the income distribution of the Jewish population follows the pattern of the general population. Recent statistics on family income of the general population in New York City are available.

Two recent studies indicate an upward trend in family incore of New York City residents during the 1950s. A survey made by the Census Bureau in 1957 for the New York State Interdepartmental Cdttee on lor Incomes shows that the uedian income, the middle point of the range of family incomes, in New York City, increased from $3,526 in 1949 to $5,478 in 1956. This represents a 55 percent increase in money income and a 38 percent increase in real income, as measmd by constant 1956 dollars. The use of constant dollars ad' sts for the rise in the Con- sumer mice Index between 1949 and 1956.G Although it would be difficult to find studies to confirm the sewhat higher average income of Jewish families than the general population of New York, their middle class status, their higher education, their occupational.choices, and low public assistance census would all seem to pmvide circumstantial evidence for such an economic position.

The rise in median income has been accompanied by significant shifts in the distribution of income. In 1949, using constant 1956 collars, slightly more than half of all New York City families were

2. Family incore data for 1949 were collected during the 1950 Census of Population fmm a 20 percent sample of the entire population. The 1956 data rene based on a much smaller sample. Cornparisom may therefore be affected by differences in sampling and reporting. earning less than $4,000 a year. By 1956 this gmup had decreased to 26.6 percent of the total number of families. (See Table 22 and Figure 10.) During the aame period the number of families reporting annual inc-s of more than 57,MX) almost doubled, increasing fmm 16 percent in 1949 to 30.3 percent in 1956.

Impmvements in purchasing power result in higher expenditures for housing, food, clothing, other consutter goods and services and savings, and represent a strengthening of the City's economic base.

In spite of the continuing movement to the suburbs, the middle- inca gmup remains the core of the City's population. In 1949 the number of families in the $5,MX) to $10,000 range accounted for 27 prcent of all families. By 1956 these middle-income families constituted 46 percent, a slightly higher proportion than the national average for urban areas. Thus, the rising level of wages is shifting lower-income families into middle-incmne brackets. The entry of married wwn into the labor force has accelerated this process.

The moveuent to the suburbs of middle-income families, both Jewish and non-Jewish, consists primarily of younger families with gdng children. At the same time, the City continues to attract back fmm the suburbs older folkw whose children have grown and who have either left for school or married. Moreover, the central city is also pre- ferred by large numbers of childless, middle-incam families.

hjor Occupational Groups

Taking the major occupational groups, classified by the Census Bureau on the basis of training and skill rather than type of production. it becomes evident that the City has an unusual concentration of professional, tcchnical, managerial, cleri-a1 and sales, crafrsmen, foremen md operativeo. (.%e Table 23.) The largest single emLp in New York City duriw 1950, according to this c1assificar:on. was craftsmen, foremen ind operatives who comprised 33.1 percent of the employed persons. This percentage is 0.5 helm the percentage in the United States as a whole in which this gmup is also the largest. Clerical and sales formed 27.0 percent of the City's employed in 1950, a percentage 8.1 above that of the nation. Professional, technical and managerial workera were 21.9 prcent of employed persons in New York City, and 4.8 above the percentage for the entire country.

These three occupational groups, which together constituted 82.0 percent of New York City's residents ewloyed during 1950, accounted for On.Zy 69.6 percent of total employment in the United States. New York City's high pmportion of these gmups is due to the concentration in the City of marmfacturing, wholesale and retailtrade, services, and finance, insurance and real estate. TABU 22

PERGEW DISrRIrnION OF NEW YOFLK CITY

FAMILIES BY TdAL WNEY INCW

1949 AND 1956a

Inccrme Class Cunent Caostant (1956) 1956 dollars dollarsb

Under $2,003 19. % 19.q 6.8%

$10,000 and over 5.0 7.4 11.6

(a) New York State Interdepartmntal Cdttee on Im Income, Dcme in New York State, 1956, Bulletin 1 (Part I), October 1958. (b) Estinrtted by the New York City Department of City Plmming. Flaure 10. Percentaze distribution of families by income class (1954 dollars) in New York City, 19'9 and 1956

I $3,961 - Median Family income - $5,478

Percent of total families 70 TABLE 23

PERCENTPGE DISTRIBUTION OF WIL)YED PH(SONS BY MATOR OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS, UNITED STATES AND

KEW YOKK CITY, 1950

Percent of employed persons Occupational group United New York States City

Professional, technical, umnagerial Clerical and sales Craftsmen, foremen, operatives Frivate household, service, and laborers

Farmers and fanu laborers Occupation not reported

Total Occupational characteristics of the area's Jewish pouulatiod -- The Health Insurance Plan survey of 1952 indicates that the Jewish group in the labor market conforms with the total occupational pattern. They tend to work in the professional, proprietor, managerial, sales and clerical categories. They are less well represented in the crafts- En, operatives, and service categories. The Jewish percentage of total employment in the proprietor and managerla1 gmup was over 45, with 77 percent in the professional and semi-professional groups, 19.1 percent of craftsmen and operatives group, and 6.2 percent of services.

Jewiah workers are employed predominantly in non-manual occupa- tions, over two-thirds, compared with one-half of employed white, non- Jews. The younger Jewish people stay in school for a longer period, and when they enter the labor force, the Jewish males are less likely to be unemployed than non-Jews. A larger percentage of Jewish fwles in age gmps 25 and over stay at haue and keep house than non-Jewish females, indicating better economic status in the Jewish families. Educaxional attJinmenx of the arca's Jewish populaxioqlr/ -- The concenxraxion of Jewish people in xhe professional and mm;leerlnl group comlaxes wirh educnxional arrainmenx. Median educnxional nrxainmenr for the Jewish group is 10.7 years while the wNte, non-Jewish Edian is 9.6. For ~ewiah-malestheuedian is 10.8 yearscornpared with 9.7 for non-Jewish males.

Of the Jewish male population 25 years old and over, 26 percent had attended college, compared with 16 percent for non-Jewish white males. For Jewish and non-Jewish females, the percentages are 15 and 11, respectively.

School attendance data support these facts. The Jewish rate of attendance in the age group 20 to 24 is ahst twice as large as that for non-Jewish whites. In the 25 to 34 age group the Jewish rate of school attendance is 50 percent greater than for non-Jews.

3. Gohen, Jewish Population.. ., p. 8. The combination of occupational classifications derived fromthe Health Insurance Plan survey differs to some extent from that used in Table 23, and, therefore, is not entirely comparable. 4. m., pp. 7-8. SWYAND CONCLUSIONS

The population of the New York area will continue to increase, reaching a total of over 11,500,000 by 1975. Wle New York City's population will also increase, the rate of increase will diminish, and the main share of future population gmrth will be in the suburban counties. To understand the reasons for these pmjections, it is important to sumarise trends in each county as a component of the area. The relevant data are presented in Tables 24 and 25.

New York Citx

Manhattan -- The population of mattan reached a pe& in 1950 of 1,960,000 persons. Between 1950 and 1957, however, population declined to 1,794,030. It is anticipated that the borough's population will stabilize at about 1,825,000 by 1975. The Jewish population, estimated at 339,000 in 1958 will decline to 322,000 in 1975, constituting 17.6 percent of total population.

The most compelling influence on Manhattan's future population is its public urban renewal and redevelopment policy, because of the absence of vacant land. By 1975 m%ny more apartments rill be substandard and thus becoloe eligible for redevelopment. The preference of Manhat- tan by mall one and two-person households rill always maintain a demand for the borough's existing and anticipated luxury apawnt con- stmction.

The most significant aspect of Manhattan's employment is its volume - 2,410;M)O jobs. The shift in Manhattan fmm manufactsring to office-type jobs will merely change the composition of employment, and not its overall volume which will be about 2.367.000.~ . in 1975. Since the end of World War 11, Manhattan has continued to gmw as the national and international headquarters for management.

The Bmnx -- The total population of the Bmnx at 1,424,000 in 1957 will continue to gmreaching 1,500,000 in 1975. However, the Jewish population which reached a peak of 585,000 in 1930 has been declining since, and will be down to 450,030 by 1975, constituting 30 percent of the total population at that time. This pmjection is higher than estimtes made several years ago and is attributable to a slow- ing down in the out-migration of Jews from the borough in recent years.

The largest proportion of vacant land in the Bmis pmbably more suitable for industrial uses than residential developnt. How- ever, it is anticipated that the number of jobs will increase only slightly between 1957 and 1975, from 211,000 to 219,000. TABLE 24 TOTAL BND JEAISI PORT~ION, .QUl HWSEHOD SIZE,

HER YOFE CITY BY BOROUGH, 1940 TO 1975

(IN THOUSANX EXCEP~ AVERAGE HWSWOW SIZE)

1- 1940 1950 195p

New york citg Total population 7,455 7,892 7,795 8,315 Jewish population 1,785 1,996 2,U4 2,U6 Jerlah as percent of total 23.y 25.3 n.1~ z5.n -losmentb n.~. 3,528 3,630 3,660 Average houeehold size 3.52 3.20 3.07 2.9 Wnh8tte.n Total population 1,890 1,960 1,794 1,825 Jewish population 270 331 339 322 Jewish as percent of total 16.p 18.9% 17.6% E@w=tb n.8.U.? n.8. 2,WO 2,367 Avelege household size 3.35 2.81 2.65 2.6 -Bmnx Total population 1,395 1,451 1,424 1,500 Jewish population 538 519 493 450 Jewish as percat of total 38.W 35.n 34.6% 30.0s Employmentb n.~.~ n.a.d w a9 Average household size 3.64 3.36 3.17 3.0

Bmolrlyn Total population 2,698 2,778 2,602 2,675 ~ewishpopulation 857 920 854 En Jewish as percent of total 31.4 33.F 32.4 30.9% WPloyrnMtb n.8." n.8. 617 606 Average Wehold size 3.71 3.36 3.U 3.0 TABLE 24 - C&&&&

Item 1940 1950 1957X 1975a a Total population 1,298 1,551 1,763 2,000 Jewish population 115 223 42 3 528 Jewish as percent of total 8.9% U.j% 26.4% ~mployment~ n.a.c n.a. 35924.4 Q9 Average household size 3.55 3.31 3.28 3.1 RichmDnd Total population 174 192 212 315 Jewish population 4 4 6 9 Jewish as percent of total 3.e 3.2% 2.s 2.9% ~mploymentb n.8.C n.a.d 33 49 Average household size 3.82 3.52 3.48 3.4

(*) Total population data is as of 1957; Jewlsh population as of 1958. (a Estimated. (bj Non-agricultural. Excludes employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing. (c) Not available. (dj on-agricultural employment by borough not available in 1950. Computed for New York City only. TABLE 25

TdAL AND JEWISH WRJLATION, mYNEWT AND HOUSEHOW SIZE,

NEW YOFLK CITY AND SUBURBAN COUWIES, 1940 to 1975

(IN THUJsANDs EXCEPT AVEFlAGE HOUSWOW SIZE)

Item 1940 1950 1957 1975a

Ner York Citz ~otelpopulation 7,455 7,892 7,795 8,315 Jerish populat ian 1,785 1,996 2,114 2,136 Jewlsh as Dement of total 23.9% 25.% 27.4 25.n ~mploymentb n.a.c 3,528 3.630 3,660 Average household size 3.52 3.20 3.W 2.9 Nassau Total population 4w 673 1,179 1,4M Jewish population n.~.~ n.a.C 329 395 Jewish as oercent of total n.a.c n.~.~ 27.g 28.2% Employuentb n.8.C # 230 470 Average behold size 3.8d 3.6d n.a.c n.a.C SuffOlk Total population 197 276 -529 845 Jerish population n.a.C n.a.c 20 33 Jewish as Dercent of total n.~.~ n.a.C 3.8% 3.9% Employmentb n.~.~ 50 121 26u Average household size 4.1d 3.8d n.a.c n.a.c

Westchester Totel population 574 626 752 973 Jewlsh population n.8.C n.a.c 116 154 Jewish as percent of total n.a.c n.a.c 15.5% 15.8% Employmentb n.8.c n.8.C 201 345 Average behold size 3.9d 3.6d n.a.c n.a.c TABLE 25 - Continued

~tem 1940 1950 1957 19758

NRYork Area Total population 8,633 9,467 10,255 11,53P Jewish population n.a.C n.8.C 2,579 2,718 Jewish as percent of total n.~.~ n.a.c 25.1% 21.W Ernploymentb n.~.~ n.a.c 4,182 4,735 Average household size 3.7Ze 3.43e n.a.c 7.1s

(a) Estimated. (b) Non-agricultural. Excludes employment in agriculture, forestv, and fishing. (c) Not available. (d) Regional Plan Association. (e) Regional Plan Pssociation; applicable to 22-county metmpolitan region. In spite of the trend tmard a gmaller average household size, additional housing rill become substandard by 1975, requiring renewal and redevelopEnt. Obsolete lm-density structures will probably be re- placed by higher-density aparbent stmctures.

BrmkLvn -- Bmlrlyn becm the area's mast populated county for the first tbne in 1930 when it exceeded Manhattan's total. It reached its peah in 1950 rith a total poplation 2,738,000, and will probably decline to 2,675,000 persons by 1975.

More Jerieh people live in Bmolrlyn than in any other county in the area. While Manbattan and the Bmnx were losing their Jerish population through out-migration, Bmoklyn's population continued to gm. It reached a Jewish population peak of 920.000 in 1950. ~y 1957 Jewish population declined to 854,000, and will decline still further to 827,000 in 1975. While one-third of the bomugh's population was Jew- ish in 1950, the percentage will be 30.9 by 1975.

With a declining average houehold size, it rill be necessary to redevelop the obsolete areas of the bomugh at higher population densi- ties in order to sustain its relatively stable population forecast.

In 1957 Bmlrlyn had 617,000 jobs. It is expected that this total will decline to 606,000 by 1975 in spite of the continued decentralisa- tion of mmy conrmercial and industrial establishments from Manhattan. - The population of Queens which stood at 1,M9,000 in 1930 will be about 2,000,000 persona in 1975, an increase of aWst 100 percent. The 1957 census count was 1,763,000 persons. The continued gruwth of Queens as a residential bomugh is dependent upon the re- placwnt of scattered one- and two-family houses by apartment projects, the type of process which has already taken place in Rego Park and Forest Hills.

After World War I1 the Jewish population of Queens grew very rapidly. Attracted by new one-family houses and large garden-apal-bnt projects built on vacant tracts, young Jerish families with growing children flocked to Queens fmm Manhattan, the Bmnx and Bmoklyn. Be- tween 1940 and 1950 the Jewish population almost doubled fmm 115,000 to 223,000 persons. By 1975, the Jewish population rill be about 528,000, constituting 26.4 percent of total population.

The economic potential of Queens is also very favorable. Well situated in relation to labor supply and transportation, it is expected that its 359,000 jobs in 1957 will grm to 419,000 by 1975. This growth is dependent upon development of several of its available industrial sites. Richmond -- The completion of the Narmwa Bridge between Richmond and Broolrlyn in 1965 should provfde the long-awaited stirculs to the bomugh's population growth. The population forecast for 1975 is 315,000 persons, an increase of 48.6 percent over the 1957 census count of 212,000. Development of Richmond's shore recreational facilities, increased pollution contml and many public parks will add to the island's attraction as a residential location.

The Jewish population of Richmond has been quite small. Although the estimates are pmbably on the low side, it ie expected that by 1975 at least 9,000 Jewish people will be living there. As has been pointed out before, there is reliable information which differs with the statistical computation as to the number of Jewish people living on Staten Island. This information asserts there are over 9,000 Jewish inhabitants, so that by 1975 there is likely to be a considerably larger number of Jewish residents than the statistical report reveals. It is in- teresting to note that average household size in Richmond at 3.48 in 1957 and 3.4 in 1975 is the highest of the City's five bomughs.

With only 33,000 jobs in 1957, the forecast for 1975 is 49,000 jobs, an increase of 48.5 percent. Any increase of emplomnt in Rich- mond is dependent upon a systematic pmtion of local industrial op- portunit ies.

New York City -- The total population of New York City was 7,892,000 persons in 1950. By 1975 the population total will be 8,115,000, an increase of 5.4 percent over 1950. The rate of increase for the Gity is diminishing and the total is beginning to level off.

The Jewish population of New York City reached a peak of 2,1l4,000 in 1957. It will remain relatively stable at this level, reaching an estimated 2,136,WO persons in 1975, and constituting 25.7 percent of total population.

Average household size has been declining steadily since the last century. In 1890 the average household numbered 4.8 persons. Despite a rising birth rate, increases in the number of children, and in- migration of minority gmups with large households, by 1957 New York Gity households averaged 3.52. By 1975 the average will decline to 2.9 persons.

In 1957 total employment in New York City was 3,360,000, with 2,674,000 employees, or 75 percent, in non-manufacturing industries, and the remainder in manufacturing industries. By 1975 it is estimated that total employment will be 3,660,000, relatively unchanged.

New York ha

Nassau -- Of the eight counties in the New York area, Nassau Coun- ty has witnessed an astonishing population surge, growing at a much faster rate than the area's average. The 1950-57 population increase of 506,WO is almost a datbling of the popularion, fmm 673,030 in 1950 m 1,179,030 in 1957. While continued ~rorthto 1975 is anticipated, it will pmbably occur at a smewhat slower rate, with the population total reaching 1,400,030. Most of the large tracts available for large-scale residential development will pmbably be built up by 1975.

The two leading industries in Nassau, aircraft and instruments, accommodating a large proportion of the 230.000 workers in 1957, will considerably aid in boostin& the county's total moer of jobs to 470,030 in 1975.

Nassau County which had a relatively small Jewish population before 1940, attracted a large volunae of Jewish in-migration from New York City after World War 11. Numbering 329,000 Jewish people in 1957, it is expected that in-migration will continue boosting the total to 395,000 by 1975. The county's pwimity and accessibility to the centers of employment in Manhattan assure its attractiveness as a residential area.

-- In spite of an unlimited munt of excellent building land, the relative remoteness from the central employment areas in New York City has detemd Suffolk's developmsnt. Nevertheless, as Nassau becames built up, the population will continue to move eastward, and gradually develop the areas closest to Nassau and New York City.

In 1950 total population numbered 276,030. By 1957 it had gmm to 529,000, a 91.7 percent increase. It is expected that the county's population will grow to 845,000 in 1975 as the population pressures of the area increase.

Jewish population in Sut'folk has been almost insignificant, about 20,000 in 1957, 3.8 percent of the total, and an estimated 33,000 in 1975, or 3.9 percent of the total.

It is expected that employment opportunities in the county will increase in the years ahead, and that its 121,003 jobs in 1957 will gruw to 260,000 in 1975.

Westchester -- In addition to large quatities of vacant land suitable for residential development, Westchester County has enjoyed pmximity to New York City's employment centers. Since the beginning of this century, Westchester has grom at a rapid rate. In 1957, the total population of the county was 752,000. The future gmwth of the county should increase the 1975 population to 973.003 persons. a 28.7 percent rise.

The Jewish population of the county was 116,000 in 1957. The forecast of Jewish population is 154,000 by 1975, at which time it will be U.8 percent of the total population. The 1957 emplomnt estimate, 201,000 Jobs, rill probably rise to 315,000 jobs by 1975, a 71.6 percent increase. This reflects a continued growth of employment opportunities in Westchester. Although current data on average household sine are not available, the trend for the county despite its attmction for young and growing families has been downward.

New York area -- The population of the eight-county New York area increased 8.3 percent between 1950 and 1957. The seven-year increase of 789,000 brought the area populaticm to 10,255,000. All of this growth was in the three suburban counties - Nassau, Suffolk, and West- Chester. An expected 1957-75 increase of 1,278,000 persons will bring the New York area population to 11,533,000.

The eight-county New York area had 1,182,000 jobs in 1957, vith about three-quarters of the jobs in mn-dacturing industries and the remaining quarter in manufacturing. By 1975 the area's job total will increase 13.2 percent, reflecting continued growth, and bring the job total to 4,735,000.

Conclusions

The conclusions which this study of Jewish population trends in the New York area has pointed up are the following:

1. Although poverty has not been eliminated, the Jewish population of the New York area, along with most Americans, has moved up the economic ladder, and as a group has achieved a middle-income position.

2. Over the years between 1923 and 1975, the older, highly concentrated Jewish neighborhoods, such as the Lower East Side, Wil- liamsburg, and East Flatbush-Broansville, have and will lose their attraction for Jewish residents.

3. The out-migration from hianhattan, the Bmnx and Brooklyn is predominantly of young, child-bearing age families, kt an in- migration of older and smaller households, after the children have gmwn and established their om households, continues to hianhattan and the better in-lying residential neighborhoods.

4. The trend to the suburbs will continue with significant Jewish Population increases in Weens, Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester counties.

5. The Jewish population of the New York area is more widely dispersed today than it was 25 or 35 years ago, and it is continuing in this direction.

6. Finally, the increased proportion of elderly persons and the increased ploportion of young persons have significant implications for welfare planning. 81 APPENDIX A

TECHNICAL NOTE ON METHOWLCGY AND DATA LIMITATIONS

A. Introduction

Definition of study areas.

The study of Jewish population trends in the hundrede of cod- ties of the New York area required first a set of small area defini- tions. These study areas were necessary as building block6 fmm which bomugh, county, city and area totals could be derived.

The City of New York has been divided into administrative subdivisions to meet a variety of public and private needs. Most of these geographic subdivisions have boundaries which overlap each other. Hor- ever, the New York City DepartEnt of City Planning, in cmperation with other City and private agencies, evolved a single coordinated system through the use of census tracts, health areas and revised statistical districts.

The concept of a health area, or a combination of census tracts, was used for the first ti= in connection with the Census of Population of 1930. For the specific requirements of the New York City Department of Health wNch sought to relate fertility and mortality etatistics to other population data collected by the Census, some 3,000 census tracts were gmuped into 352 health areas. The City's Health Department used the health area as a basis for the collection and tabulation of local birth and death statistics. For purposes of administration the Health Department grouped the 352 health areas into 30 Health Center Dis- tricts.

In 1954 members of the Deparhent of City planning, Office of Mas- ter Planning, met to consider a set of statistical districts larger than the health area. After consultation with all the users of census data, the City's 52 health areas were grouped into 69 revised statistical districts.d The dietribution of these various types of die- tricts by bomugh for the City is ahom in Table 26.

The revised statistical district boundaries, built up from smaller geographic subdivisions, coincide precisely rlth the boundaries of census tracts and health areas. This provides each district with a set of

1. In 1949-50 the Departmentof City Planning divided New York City into 66 planning districts as follm: Manhattan, 12; Bmnx, 11; ~rooklyn, 19; Queens, 16; and Richmond, 8. These districts, which generally follored censua tract lines, rrere revised in 1954 to coincide PI-cisely rlth censua tract and health area boundaries. comparable population and housing characteristics data for each of the regular, decennial censuses since 1930. The revised statistical districts, relatively large geographic study areas, provide a useful set of data for the City Planning Departrent, enabling it to relate census data with land use data and thus to study requiremnts for transportation, sanitation and other public services involving broad planning problem.

TABLE 26 - A coordinated set of data collection areas for New York City by borough, 1957

Type of district City and bomugh Census Health Revised tracta area statistical

New York City Manhattan Bronx Brooklyn Queens Richmond

(a) As used in the 1950 Census of Population and Housing.

The revised statistical district as the basic study area.

The Wmographic Study Cdttee adopted the revised statistical districts in New York City as the basic geographical unit of study for two reasons: First, they provided a widely accepted set of defined areas with fixed boundaries for which general population data had been summarized for 1930, 1940 and 1950. Moreover, socio-economic data for the same areas had been tabulated for 1950. Secondly, the use of these data resulted in a significant cost saving to the Cormnittee.

The Wpartment of City Planning refers to its revised statistical districts by number. Since the Dewgraphic Study Committee is inter- ested in cdtypopulation trends, familiar neighborhood mswere assigned to each district. In most cases a particular revised statistical district includes more than two or three cdties, but the boundaries of the district often do not coincide with the boundaries of neighborhoods. Generally, a maxirm of three cmitynames was assigned to each district, based upon the best local Uowledge and opin- ion. In sane cases, a cdtyoverlaps two districts. An equivalent set of study areas was not available for Nassau, SuffoU and Westchester Counties. After collection, tabulation and study of Jewish population data for 1958, the Demgraphic Study Commit- tee decided to utiliee 12 study areas in the three suburban counties: 3 areas in Nassau, 3 in Suffolk and 6 in Westchester. Thus, to the 69 study areas in New York City, 12 study areas in the suburban counties were added, maw a total of 81 study areas.

B. The Yom Ki~~urTechnique and Limitation6

Selection of a technique.

At least seven different techniques are available for estimating the siee of Jewish population. These include the Yom Kippur Method, Interpolation Fmm Census Bureau Data, the Master List, the Jewish Name Method, Census Bureau Matching Technique, the Death Rate and Birth Rate Techniques, and the Sample Survey ~echnique.2

The Demographic Study Committee evaluated each of the available techniques and its Limitations. It decided to use the Yom Kippur Tech- nique as the most practical when considered in tern of available ti^ and cost.

The Yam K~DDU~Technique.

The Yom Kippur method for estimating the siee of Jewish population is also known as the School Attendance Method. It is based on the fact that Yom Kippur is the holiest day in the Hebrew calendar. Consequent- ly, children of the Jewish faith do not attend school on the Yom Kippur Holy Day. The method involves measuring the drop-off in school attendance between a "normal" school day and on Yom Kippur. The number of absences on Yom Kippur, adjusted for an estimate of the number of Jew- ish cNldren wtio attend school on Yom Kippur and an estimate of the number of non-Jewish children who do not, yields a Jewish child population attending public school. To this figure, computed for each study area, is added the number of children attending Jewish All-Day Schools and an estimated number of Jewish children who attend private, non- sectarian schools. This total yields the estimated number of Jewish children, aged five to thirteen.

2. C. Morris Homite, Techniques Used in Jewish Demographic Research in the United States, a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Anrtrican Statistical Association,. September. 10. 1954. Montreal. Canada. This paper analyzes and evaluates each of the techniques. Once the Jewish child population has been estimated for each study area, the next problem is the expansion of this figure to a total Jew- ish population for the area. Studies made by the U.S. Bureau of the Census in 1957, by Mortimer Spiegelman of the Metropolitan Life Insur- ance Company, by Canada's Daminion Bureau of Statistics, and by C. Morris Hornritz, seem to indicate that the Jewish population assumes demographic characteristics which are similar to those of the socio- ecodc gmups of which they are a part. The Demographic Study Com- mittee, therefore, adopted the following working hypotheses: The distribution of the Jewish population in a study area by age and sex is similar to that of the general population in that area. In those areas where mn-white population constituted five percent or more of total population, the Ccmrmittee related Jewish population to total white population, rather than to the total population.

For example, the total population of a study area is 25,000, and children between the ages of 5 to 13 number 2,500, or 10 percent of the total. If the Jewish child population in the area is estimated at 500, it was assumed that these 500 constitute 10 percent of total Jewish population, or a total Jewish population of 5,000 in the area. The total Jewish population was then broken dmby sex and age in the same proportions as they exist in the total population. This procedure was used in each of the study areas. These figures were then sumned to obtain borough, county, city and area totals.

The Yom Kippur method in Jewish demographic research was used for the first time in 1892 in London. In 1904, the nethod was used to obtain J wish population estimates for certain cdtiesof ladel- phia.2 In 1915, the technique was applied to New York Cit3as a whole.

The procedure.

The first step was the allocation of almost 800 public schools in New York City to its 69 revised statistical districts. Since the attendance data used goes back to 1923, mny public schools have either been closed or relocated, and new ones have been opening. The public school attendance data for 1923, 1930, 1940 and 1950 were obtained fm the files of the Jewish Education Cdttee of New York. The data for 1958 were obtained directly fmm the New York City Board of Education.

3. Bernheimer, Charles Seligman, The Wsian Jew in the United States, John C. Winston Co., Philadelphia, 1905.

4. Dushkin, Alexander M., Jerish~,The Bu- reau of Jewish Education, New York, 1918. To obtain 1958 attendance data for the public schools in the three suburban counties required contacting some 200 district superinten- dents, supervisors, principals and other school authorities. This was done by personal letters, questimires, telephone and personal visits. Some of these data had to be adjusted to pmvide ccnuparability.

TNSras so because children do not necessarily attend the neighborhood Jewish AU-Day School and oft times attend one even acmss bdr- ough lines. This residence study involved contacting about 100 schools by mail, telephone and personal visits. Smschools replied to the simple questionnaire; others submitted a list of names and addresses of their pupils and the Study Cdttee had to spot them on street maps and allocate the children accordingly. This is the first time that a residence study has included Jewish All-Day School pupils.

The Jewish children attending private, non-sectarian schools also had to be assigned to their residence neighborhoods. Each of these schools was surveyed by questionnaire to obtain data similar to that received for the public schools. After consultations with school authorities, it was decided to credit the estimated Jdsh enrollment in private schools to the neighborhood in which the school was located.

Limitations of the Ycm Kipw Technique.

provides an appmdmation of the Jewish population. The basic idea that Jewish children do not attend school on Yom Kippur is sound. However, an &own number of Jewish children do attend, and this number pmbably increases as the density of Jewish population decreases. For example, the Jewish population estimates for Richmond are, according to local Jewish authorities, understated, pmbably because in areas of low Jewish population density, school absence, even on a religi- holiday, means missing schoolwork. Moreover, Jewish children, for social and psychological reasons, seek to conform with the gmup, and absence on a Jewish holiday tends to single them out.

On the other hand, a certain number of non-Jewish children take the day off, and this number increases as the density of Jewish population increases. When Jewish absences are so high that regular class- mam activity is postponed, a larger number of non-Jewish children will also tend to be absent.

Thus, it is pmbable that the number of Jevish and non-Jewish children attending school on Yom Kippur varies by school and neighborhood. The application of this technique assumes that the pmportion of these students in each study area is the same.

It is based upon maw assuuptions. The Yom Kippur technique is based upon may assumptions. First, it assumes that the distribution of the Jdsh population in a study area by age and sex is similar to that of their neighbors. In a predominantly Catholic neighbofiood where the family size is larger, it is erroneous to assume that the Jewish pattern is the same. Yet, this technique provides no method for making this adjustment.

The camnittee, however, did make an adjustuent in those areas where non-white population constituted five percent or more of total population. In these cases the comittee related Jewish population to total white population.

The technique also assumes that attendance on the day preceding Yom Kippur is "nomlU or typical. It is possible that some Jerish children absent themselves frwn school on the day preceding Ym Kippur as well as on Tom Kippur Itself. Collecting attendance data for the day preceding Ym Kippur thus tends to underestimate the tme attendance drop-off, resulting in an underestimate of Jerish population. The "normal" day may thus not be truly "noml." The technique also assumes that accurate attendance records are maintained on Ym Kippur despite the fact that substitute teachers are in charge, classes are cm- bined and regular schedules are not followed. In addition, it also assumes that only children aged 5 - 13 years attend through the eighth grade.

Yields no data on characteristics of Jewish porxllation. The Yom Kippur Technique itself provides an estimate of Jewish child population, age 5 to U, but yields no estimates of Jewish population for other age groups nor a distribution of Jewish population by sex.

Other significant gaps in Jewish demographic data include the following: family size, household size, fertility and mortality statistics and data on migration. Occupational and income distribution data are also necessary for small area analysis, but are iwt available.

A statistical measure of reliability cannot be cwuted. When a statistical sampling technique is used in a survey, it is possible to draw inferences about the population based upon sample infomation. A sample survey in a particular neighborhood would yield Jewish demographic data and a measure of reliability could be computed. The Tom Kippur technique does not enable the statistician to compute the reliability of his estimates.

Other limitations. A number of additional limitations of the Ym Kippur technique u!ay be cited. First, it cannot be used for a year in which Yon Kippur occurs on a Saturday, became school is not in sess on, nor for a year when Yon Kippur occurs before the school year opens. 3

5. Since yom Kippur is a "Sabbath" and two Sabbaths could not be on succeeding days, Ym Kippur does not fall on a Friday or Sunday by ar- rangement of the Jewish calendar. 87 Second, to obtain a complete estimate of the number of Jewish children between 5 and 13 years of age requires data on attendance in Jewish All-Day Schools and the number of Jewish children attending private, non-sectarian schools. The latter data can only be derived by estima- tion. Third, school populations and school district boundaries are in constant flux. It is therefore difficult to mintain accurate data within a particular neighborhood. bdo~tionof the technique.

Despite all the limitations of the Ym Kippur Method set forth above, it does yield estimates of the size of Jewish population. This information is obtainable in a relatively short tins and at relatively lor cost.

C. Total and Jewish ~o~ulationforecasts to 1975

Total population forecasts for the five boroughs of New York City, Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester Counties have been prepared by the Re- gional Plan Association. These have been used by the planning agencies in the New York area, except for three revisions which are shm in Table 27.

The borough and county projections were bmken down into study area forecasts by the planning agencies. For New York City, the De- partment of City Planning developed a projection for each of its 69 revised statistical districts by baaing the forecast upon two major factors: changes in land use and changes in population characteristics.

Changes in land use. The future population estimate for each study area was prepared after analyzing the interrelations of a number of factors which have an impact on changes in land use. Among these are the following:

a. vacant land which may be developed for residential construction. b. shifts between residential and non-residentialuses. c. areas suitable for redevelopment which may gain or lose population in the process. d. a projection of current residential changes.

Changes in po~ulationcharacteristics. A second set of factors which have an impact on population changes in wnall areas are the following:

a. household size, a key variable which represents the impact of mmy other population factors, such as racial and ethnic group TABLE 27 - Total population projections for five bomughs, New York City, Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester Counties to 1975 (in thousands)

Total population - 1975 forecasts

Bow Regional Estimates and PLan used counties Associationa

Manhattan Bronx

Queens Richmond

New York City: Total Nassau SuffOlk Westchester

New York Area: Total

(a) Regional Plan Association, People, Jobs and Land 1955-1975 in the New Jerses-New York-Connecticut Mtro~olitanRegion, RPA Bulletin Mlmber 87, June 1957, Table 1, p. 3. (b) New York City Depa-nt of City PLannim. (C j Westchester -mty Departaent of planning.

mov-nts, income characteristics of a particular neighborhood and trends in quasi-household population. b. racial and ethnic composition, primarily because Negro and Puerto Rican birth rates are higher than the white, non-Puerto Rican rate.

Starting with the 1957 population total for each of the City's 69 revised statistical districts, the additions ad subtractions resulting fmeach of the factors outlined above were sumed, yielding a 1975 forecast for each study area. These were then adjusted to the borough totals shown in Table 27.

The smll area projections for Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester counties were prepared by their respective planning agencies and follow the sm general procedure. Limitations of the studv area forecasts for 1975.

The major weakness of the projections revolves amund the problems of small area forecasting. It is wre difficult to pmject population for a small area than for a larger area. In a relatively large area, an upward bias in one segment of the area will in all pmbability be balanced by a downward bias in another segment. It is statistically less probable that these factors balance each other in small areas.

A second limitation stems fmm the assumptions which had to be made about future economic and demographic trends. For euample, a pm- iection assumes an estimate of in- and out-mipration. A ~m.iectionof migration is a difficult task because it is based on futuk economic opportunities both for the area under consideration and alternative areas to which people my migrate.

In addition, specific assumptions had to be made on the other factors affecting projected population including land use changes and their impact on neighborhoods, proposed new projects and density changes, shifts in land use between residential and non-residential, and household size changes.

Even more difficult in projecting small area population estirmtes was the evaluation of the impact of such factors as multiple dwelling code enforcement and the necent New York City law on anti-discrimina- tion in the private housing market. These will have a significant impact on racial and ethnic population distribution over the next few decades.

In conclusion, in spite of its rrumerous limitations, the technique used for preparing smll area forecasts of total population is essen- tially sound, and is based upon the best, available -ledge. There- fore, the forecasts for the 81 study areas included in the analysis are valid.

Jewish Dorxllation forecasts to 1975.

Once the total population forecast to 1975 was set, the next step required a projection of Jewish population for each district separately for 1975. A ratio technique was used in combination with a judgment estimate of the trend of the proportion of Jewish population as a percent of total population since 1923 for each study area. This estimate was based also on the trend of non-white population in each area, and on each area's anticipated population gmwth, stability, or decline.

Conclusion.

Statisticians, planners or demographers can~tclaim infallibility for the forecasts they make. The best they can hope to do is to col- lect all the relevant facts, cmlt with others lrfio have specialized Imorledge, and then, on the basis of all the facts available, prepare a reaeonable set of conclusions lhich are mtually consistent with each other.

If re accept the premise that population estimates may err to sate ertent, hwever -fully mede, then in tern of planning, re should coneider whether it is better to err on the high side or the lor side. If the estimates are too high, then Federation's investment require- mts wuld tend to be extravagant and out of Une with existing or projected resrurces. tin the other hand, if the estimates ane too lor, then a pmgrem for the future would lack vision and would not adequate- ?.J plwide for Federation's evolving needs.

Given the choice bebeen erring on the high side or the lor side, it is probably better to lean tward the former. A too broad program can be scaled dmas required Lv eliminating uMecessarg components. Horever, a program that falls short of meeting mirdmm essentials can be less readil~addusted. In Dre~arLoaforecasts of total and Jerieh population, every iffort was &to achieve accuracy of prediction. In cases .here doubts could not be resolved, hver, the estimate leans moderately tonard the genem side. In prticular, if Jewish popwlation forecasts are slightly higher, rather than lorer, they may be accepted as reaamable figures which may be reached, but certainly' nut exceeded. APPENDIX -B

TOTAL AM) ESTIMATED JlWISA POPULATION, BY COWAM) BY

NDI YmCITY AM) SUBURBAN CWWFES CCMBINED, 1923-1575

TABLE 1

ESTWTD JFYISH POPIIULTI3N IN NEX YORK CITY BY BOROUGH AND NbSSAU,SUFFULK AND YESTCIESER CMINTIkS, FOR SELECTED FAR5 1923-1975

1923 1930 1940 1950 *re* City count Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total New York City 1,882,000 lM)- 1.825.000 1M) 1,785,000 100 1.997.003 100 Wanhattan 706,000 37.5 297,003 16.3 270,000 15.1 331,003 16.6

Total Suburban Counties

NaQenu

Suffolk NOT AVAILABLE

Westcheeter

Total Greater N. Y. Area TABLE 1 (continued) ESTIMATED JBlISH WPUIATION IN NN YORK ClTY BY E!€WUGH AND NASSAU, SOFFOLK AND YESTCHEC,TE!lCOUWIE5,FOR SELECTED YULRS 1923-1975 1958 1 9 7 5 ESTIMATE Area, city County------Nvmber Percent Percent of Area Nvmber Percent Percent of Area Total Ner York City 2,114.033 -100 rn 2.136.030 -100 % Uttan 379,000 16.1 13.1 322,033 15.1 ll.8

Bra 493.033 23.3 19.1 450,000 21.1 16.5 854,033 40.4 33.1 827,030 38.7 W.4 sweens 423,033 20.0 16.4 528,000 24.7 19.4 Richmond 5,000 0.3 .2 9,000 .4 .3

Total Suburban Counties L65.MX) 100 587.000 1M Naesau 329,000 70.8 12.8 395,030 67.3 14.5 Suffolk 20,030 4.3 .8 3,000 6.5 1.4 Westchester 116,000 24.9 4.5 154,030 26.2 5.7

Total Greater N. Y. Area 2,579,030 100 2.723.030 Xu 100 TABLE2A TdAL AND ESTIMATED JEUISH POPlRATION FOR THE FIVE BOROUGB OF WiW Y(1RK. 1930-1975 -221 124 -1 2 1. ARFll TOTAL JEWISH TdAL JEWISH TOTAL JEWISH

MMIATTAN 1,858,000 296,903 1,886,600 270,300 1,960,103 330,603

BRONX 1,265,303 585,000 1,34,703 538,200 1,451,300 518,703

BRMKLYN 2,553,603 851,203 2,698,303 857,200 2,738,203 919,700

QIlEEWS 1,079,100 87.703 1,297,603 115,403 1,550,803 223,100

158,300 3,803 174,403 4,103 191,603 4, 333 % TdAL, N. Y. C. 6,914,400 1,824,603 7,451,703 1,785,200 -221 2.2 2

AmA TOTAL JEWISH TOmL JEUISH

mmN 1,794,100 338.703 1,825,000 322,000

BRONX 1,424,400 493,303 1,503, 000 450.200 BROOKLYN 2,602,403 853.503 2,675,000 827,003

QUEENS 1,762,603 422,600

RICHMOND 212,003 5,500

TOTAL, N. Y. C. 7,795,403 2,113,603 N~?.%U Tom or North Hempstead Tom of Oyster Bay Tom of Heqstead T64L 1

SUEFOLK Eaetern Sectim centre1 section, (Inc. B%Fhore, patchogup, Ssyville) western SectiM, (Inc. Huntington, Lindenhuret, Northport, Southmpton) 3 TOTAL WTCHESTER Mt. Verncm New Rochelle White Plains

TdLTHREE COWMIITS 2,460,826 465,600 18.9 3,217,900 586,700 18.1 I The Speclal 1957 U. 5. Census Bureau Ceneus for hlassau County included about 976 of the population lncluded in 1950. heDemographic Study Cmittee made the assumption that the 3$ of the population not so covered experienced during the pericd 1959 - 1957 a population chanpe similar to that of the covered population. This accoucts for the difference in the ::assau County totals above (which includes this additional population) and in other tables. TABLE 3.1.A: TmAL AND GSTIWLTEE JWISH FQ.3IATION OF LULNHATULN, BY WISED STATISTICAL DISTRICTS, 1923-1975

1923 1 9 3 0 1 9 RSD m1SH TOTAL mISH % TOTAL

1 600 53,4W 8M 1.4 46,103 2 5,9W 61,6W 4,OW 6.5 62,7W 3 314,200 261,000 102,2W 39.2 216,303 4 4,103 133,103 2,9W 2.2 119,9W 5 1,400 48,330 1,lW 2.3 55,203 6 8,203 69,303 3.2W 4.7 77,7W 5,200 54,000 1,lW 2.0 53,5W 8; 21,3W 203,400 46,oW 22.6 243,WO 9 88,403 227.803 29,703 13.0 230,lW 10 48,803 168,603 35,000 20.8 1'F3,800 11 75,503 202,000 2,503 1.2 219,ZM 12 101,303 186,303 2,903 1.6 164,200 13 31.503 169,303 65,3W 38.6 204,4W 14 --- 19,803 14,703

*Less than 50 **~achestimate has been independently rounded to tb? nearest hundred fmfigures oamputed to the last digit; hence the sums of colmm shom may differ slightly from the totals sh. TABLE 3.1.8: TOTAL AND ESTJMATEt JEWISH FQPUIATION OF UANHhTTAN, BY WISED STATISTICAI DISTRICTS, 1923-1975

9 5 8

TOTAL TOTAL WE Fm4I.E RSD TOTAL % WHITE JFYISH WHITE WHITE 1 36,503 11.3 30,100 4,100 17,903 12,200 2 61,000 16.2 59,500 9,903 28,800 30,700 3 208,803 33.7 186,503 70,403 96,103 90,500 4 111,600 6.6 107,400 7,300 56,900 50,500 53,503 18.3 51,400 9,803 24,500 26,900 86,303 17.5 84,400 15,100 40, 803 43,603 49,500 3.2 49,100 1,600 22,203 26,900 246,000 28.8 226,033 70,900 107, MO 118,800 214,300 19.8 206,900 42,400 90,800 116, 000 161,803 15.7 93,400 25,403 43,300 50,100 206.000 2.7 5,600 5,500 2,800 2,803 152,403 5.3 100.200 8.100 49,033 51,300 197,500 34.5 183,100 68,200 85,700 97,400 8,900 0.9 7,603 3,803 3,900 14,100 18.9 1,391,200 338,700 669,900 721,600 TllBLE 3.2.A: TOTAL AND ESTIUATD jEWISH WFIJIATION OF BRONX, BY REVLSH) STATISTICAL DISTRICTS, 1923-1975

1923 19 3 0 19 4 0 195 0 JEWISH TOTAL mISH % TOTAL JmISi S TOTAL JmISH % 162,300 40,200 207, 240,100 223,700 150,800 63,000 YO, 400 48,400 28,700 143,600 2, 800

TOTAL 32,m 1,265,m 585,000 46.2 1,394,700 53,200 B.6 1,451,300 518,700 35.7 TABLE 3.2.8: TdAL Am ESTUTED JE#JSH POmTION OF BROHX, BY RMSW STATISTICAL DISTRICTS, 1923-1975

EST. EST. TrnAL TOTAL WLLE WLLE FDULLEFfWLE TdAL JEYISH RSD TdAL $ WmE JMISH $ WHITE JMISH $ WHITE JE#ISH $ POP. POP. $ 21 157,903 ll.5 140,703 18,100 12.9 68,903 8,903 12.9 7l.703 9.203 12.9 153,000 14,503 9.5 22 36,203 40.9 32,903 14,803 45.8 15.703 7,200 46.1 16,600 7,603 45.6 33,000 lO,?CO 31.2

23 186,603 65.1 179,600 121,403 67.6 84,903 57,303 67.5 94,803 64,103 67.7 179,000 102,000 57.0 37.203 49.0 231,030 65,803 28.5 r24 225,803 32.1 l47,703 72,400 49.0 71,703 35,203 9.1 76,000 0 rz5 214.403 47.8 211,903 102,503 48.4 99,600 48,203 48.4 112,300 54,300 48.4 234,000 87,203 42.7 26 131,503 32.3 126,903 42,503 33.5 62,033 20,703 33.5 65,000 21.803 33.5 13J+,000 38,203 28.5 27 60.9~) 27.2 55,803 16.6~29.7 27,203 8.103 29.7 28,703 8,500 29.7 IIBjOOO 29,103 24.7 28 135,903 47.6 132,103 64.603 48.9 63,803 31.203 48.9 68,300 33,400 48.9 125,000 59,403 47.5 29 57,603 3.0 56,103 1,703 3.0 27,BM 803 3.1 28,300 900 3.0 63,000 1,803 2.9 M 42,000 19.2 41,403 8,000 19.4 19,903 3,903 19.5 21.503 4,XKI 19.5 75,030 12,500 16.7 31 173,600 17.6 161,503 73,600 18.9 79,500 15,000 18.9 82,000 15,503 18.9 l82.000 29,403 16.2 32 2,103 903 903 3,003 -- -- TOTAL 1,424,403 34.6 1,286,903 493,XQ 38.3 621,903 236,500 3.0 665,203 256,703 38.6 1,503,000 450,203 M.0 TABLE 7.7.A: TdAL AND ESTIK4TFD JEWISH POPUIATION OF BROOKLYN, BY RFVLSED STATISTICAL DISTRICTS, 1923-1975

1923 19 7 0 194 0 19 5 0 RSD JEWISH TdAL JEWISH % TdAL JEWISH % TOTAL JEWISH %

TdAL 740,400 2,557,600 851,200 77.7 2,698,700 857,200 71.8 2,733,200 919,703 33.6 TMII 3.1.8: TOTAL AtUI FSTDYLTD JS1ISH PQPVIATILN LF BRmMYH. 81 REVISEL SULTI.TICAL DISTRICTS, 1923-1975

1 9 5 8 1975 EST. EST. TOTAL TdAL WJx MkLE FFMLEFFMLE Tm mISH RSD TOTAL I JmISH B WHITE JEWISH % WHITE JEWISH I WP. WP. $ TABLE 3.4.A: TOTAL AND FSTIMATED JEWISH POPUWLTION OF PUEKS, BY WISH) STATISTICAL DISTRICTS, 1923-1975

1923 193 0 1 9 4 19 5 0 RSD JEWISH TdAL JEWISH % TOTAL JEWISH TdAL JEWISH $

87,900 9,300 10.6 174,800 13.300 7.6 208,700 20,500 9.8 82,700 34,500 W.8 56,800 5,800 10.2 117,700 1,400 1.2 26,700 1,500 4.0 70,700 12,300 17.4 58,800 7,232 12.3 72,300 25,100 34.7 54.000 4,600 8.6 134,400 21,300 15.8 94.700 17,400 18.4 50,100 6,100 12.2 132,100 3,200 2.4 67,400 14,600 21.7 51,100 24,900 48.8

,550,800 223,100 14.4 TABLE 3.4.8: TOT111 Ah3 TIM MAT^ JEWISH POPUL4TIffl OF QIECffi, BY REVISE STATISTICBL DTSTRICTS, 1923-1975

1 9 19 7 5 m. EST. TOTAL TOTAL LULLE w FmkLE TOTBI. mISH RSD TOTAL % WHITE mISH % WHITE JnISH % WHITE POP. POP. %

83,403 14.1 78.103 11,703 15.0 37,103 80,000 11,400 U.3

176,403 12.7 m,7w 22,403 13.1 83.503 180,000 25.703 14.3

Xn.103 19.8 187.703 41.103 21.9 88.103 260,000 66,703 25.7

111,000 65.2 109,803 73,500 66.9 51,403 130,000 86.403 66.5

60.403 12.4 60,300 7,503 12.4 29, 333 70, 000 10,000 U.3

109,903 1.5 103,803 1,703 1.5 52,600 110.000 2,103 1.9

61,103 38.8 60,803 23,700 39.0 30,103 95,000 3,103 38.0

86,303 21.4 83,703 18,503 22.1 39,603 105.000 24,900 23.7

91.m 42.8 89,400 39,000 43.6 44,903 100,000 47,503 47.5

ll6.103 43.6 113,103 50.703 44.8 55,703 120,000 51,332 42.8

53.403 8.4 53,203 4,503 8.4 4,703 55,000 4,703 8.5 W.303 17.1 91,503 4,703 27.0 44,403 145.030 27,503 19.0 104,803 16.2 101,203 16,903 16.7 48,500 103,003 17,103 17.1 '!9,703 39.5 78,903 31,503 40.0 38,200 90,000 38.503 42.8 132.403 4.7 127,703 6,302 4.9 62,103 150,000 7,103 4.7 80.803 23.9 68,103 19,333 28.4 33,600 105,000 24,903 23.7 64.m 46.0 56,803 29,600 52.1 28.103 105,000 45,903 43.8

1,762,600 24.0 1,6W1803 422,600 25.7 '!91,203 2,000,000 527.803 26.4 TABLE 3.5.A: TUl%L AID ESTIYaTED JEWISH POAIULTIDN (1P RICWXUJ, BY STATLSTICAL DISTRI(;TS, 1923-1975

1923 RSD JEllISH

*Less than 100 TABIS 3.5.8: TOTAL AND FSTMTW JorISH FQPlL4TION OF RICHMONO, BY REVISED STATISTICAI DISTRICTS, 192 3-1975

EST. EST. TGTAL TOTAL FFxuEFkx4LE TdAL 5wISH R S D TmAL k WHITE JFWISH k WHITE JEWISH POP. mp. k 91 58,503 2.8 56,200 1,700 2.9 28.300 803 92 39,600 4.0 37,103 1,600 4.2 18,803 803 r 0 93 46,500 1.4 46.003 700 1.4 23,203 3W 4 94 30,100 4.7 3,103 1,403 4.8 14,400 703 95 19,500 .4 17,500 im .4 8,100 96 17,900 .8 17.503 im .8 8,803 103

*less than 100

r+mcal eatlmtes place the total Jerlsh populaticm ae well over 10,003. TABLE b A FIVE BOROUGIIS

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE (IN THOUSANDS)

65 & Over

Unknown

Tote1 JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POP LATIONS, FOR ELECTED YEARS YIN ma-3

BY AGE AND SEX 1957 (IN THmAAbS TlrreE 5A TBReE COmIES COHBIAED TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

Total Jewish 587 Total Jewish 1 466 1 I Percent 1 18.9 1 18.1. Percent 20.0 1 XI. I TABLZ 5 B NZj YOXK AFIEA TOTAL TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

-OPULIICON 1957 1971 1 POPULIIION 1957 1975 Total copulation 10,231 11,533 Total while 9.141 xxx Total levish 2.571 7 727 Total Jewish 2.579 2,723 Percent 5.2 23.6 Percenl 29.2 x.. TABLE 6 A WKEA!TTA?J

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1 Under 5

45-64

65 h Over

1 Unknown TABLE 6 B MAAAHKITAU

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND NON.WHlTE POPULATIONS. FOR SELECTED YEARS

pOpYL.T~ON 1923 rsa 1940 19s 1957 197s TDtsl population xrx 1,858,000 1,886,600 1,960,100 1,794,100 1,825,000 TotalJerish 706AOC 296,930 270,300 330,600 338,700 322,000 Percent xxx 16.0 14.3 16.9 18.9 17.6

WHITE ~ota~white xxx 1,631,756 1,5TI,625 19556,599 1,3919200 xxx Total Jewish 706,400 36,900 270,300 330,600 338,700 Percent 1x1 18.2 17.1 21.2 24.3 xxx Native born xxx 990,138 1,037,428 1,095,497 rxx XI. Fneign boro xxx 641,618 540,197 461,102 xxr xxx

NO., YYlTF

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 TABLE 7A BRONX

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

IUnder 5

1 Total

r-Under 5

( 65 h Over

Unknown JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

Tot.1 white

Native h

NOH WHITE

7ot.l 111 12,930 24,392 N w xxx 12193 23,529 OUln mx --- WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH PoPuLATlon DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957 TABLE 8 A BROQaYN

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

,El,,*

Under 5

5-14

15-24

25-34

35-44

45M

65 k Over

Unknown TABLE 8 B BRCUXLYN

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS FOR SELECTED YEARS

PO'"L.I'O* 1923 190 1940 19- 1957 1975 Total populstioa rn 2,553,600 2,698,300 2,738,200 2,602,415 2,675,000 Totallwish 740,400 851,200 857,200 919,700 853,500 827,000 Permot XII 33.3 31.8 33.6 37.3 30.9

.-.. . . - .. I - --. Percent I x I 34.d 37-11 36-41 32.8 I

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE *no SEX, 1957 TABLE 9 A QUEENS

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

,EW,S" 1E"8a* TOTAL Jr",," AS PErnCEWT ( I .O.YL.T,O* ~OPYLITIO* A=-=mCF*T es T0T.L OF TOTAL

65 & Over

Unknam 1,079,100

IUnder 5 TABLE 9 B 4UWS

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS. FOR SELECTED YEARS

-0-YLA78OM 1923 19s 19m 1980 ~gn 1975 T&l populatio. xxx 1,079,129 1,23'7,600 1,550,800 1,762,582 2,000,000 TotslJewish 50,100 87,700 Ll5,400 223,100 422,600 527,800 Percent IXX 8.1 8.9 14.4 25.7 26.4

1 WHITE I -. 9.1 14.9 24.0 111 Native born 793,530 994,143 1,208,929 xxx IIX Foreign ksn 266,150 q630 288.197 1x8 IXX

NON WHITE

Total 111 18160g 26,903 53,7 Nego IXX 18,609 25,W 51,524 116,206 Othn 1x1 XXX 1,013 2,199 4,476 WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 TABLE 10 A RICEMOAD

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

65 h Over

Under 5

15-24

25-34

65 0. Over

Unknown JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

Total white

Native born Foreign h xxx

UON WHITE ~01.1 xx. 2,576 3,566 5,619 8,647 I Negro .I, 2.~6 3.397 5.372 8,372 1..

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTEE BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

- I957 TOTAL MALE FEVAE AGE - - - -. GmoUe. Je"#sH ,r*,s* A, ""'TC ,C",S" "",TC ,E"t,H -0. PERCENT OF-- WMITE -- TABLE 11 STUDY AREA Nassau County TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE TABLE 12 STUDY AREA Suffolk County TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISN POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1957 MALE .r?l TOTAL pp TIOU*. J~",." ,1113" 107.i ,=W#.M ww~r . 1. AS "*4's PDPYL.IIO* .OPUL.IIO* .om. 'T.CT.47 .nCL*I vr IOILLOFYYllE - -.

"de,5 63,988 60.962 2,473 3.9 4.1 31,160

5-14 100,530 96,065 3,904 3.9 4.1 49,689

15-24 48,894 45,647 1,822 3.7 4.0 21,638

LoPYLIIION 1957 1975 1 POPULIIION --I957 1975 Totsi populalia 528,736 845,0001 Total white 00 8 6 XXX Total Jewish 0,100- 3 3,200 520;1& 33,200 . Percent 3.0 3.9 Percent 4 .O ..I TABLE 13 STUDY AREA Westcheater County TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE APPENDIX C

TOTAZ.m ES~M~~TEDJR~ISE PO~IOAP(W EACA w TBE 69 RFYISED

STA!PISTICAL DImICIS IA NEY YDRK CITY AAD FOR &ACH TEE 12

DISTRICTS II( TgE WBURBAR Cm,193 - 195 LOWW mTPIUI STUDY AREA NO. 1

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

8,616 28

Unknom ------I Total 53,427l4 770 1.4 46,053 1.7

I Unknown I ---- I ---

( 31,056 2,516-- Lorn PIRNBAm STUDY AREA NO. 1

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

AT~1 1923 I 19;: 19% ~ 1957 1975 TO~SIpopulation 53,W 46,053 3790% 36,530 *,m T-l~eaish 2 4,132 39- Percent U.3 12.3

WHITE

Totsl Jewish Percmt 1.4 2.0 Nstive born

UON YYlTF

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 MANHATTAN .------, STUDY AREA NO. 1 I

Total and Esttmated Jcrtsh Populatoon or a Percent Change Ore. 1930 I Bounderis.: AUdsm River, West Houston St., East Houston St., Bw- I ery, Park Rw, Spruce St., Gold St., Ferry St,, Peck Slip, \ I Eaat River ------STUDY AREA NO. 2 .----Pl,rea Chows

Totol ond Eltimmt.d Jewish Population 0% n Percent Change Over 1930 Boundori*~: Hudson River, West Houston St., East Houston St., Bwery, hth Ave., West lhth St., Hudson River GRmmwICB VILUGg STUDY AREA N0.p

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

5.14

15-24

1 Unknown l3EmnCB mix STUDY AREA NO. 2

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE Totrl white ,004 59,468 IXI 9,902 l2.100 PLI-~ nx 6.6 7.7 13.3 16.7 xn Native born xxx 42,293 45,861 52,284 xxx xn Forcia born xxx 18,434 16,~2 13,7X) zxx xn - HON WHITE Total xxx 8%' 702 995 1,528 xxx Nem .XI 739 601 782 1,359 xn 0th- xxx IU 101 213 169 xn WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE *no SEX, 1957 LJJWER ERST SIDE STUDY AREA WO. 3

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

45-64

65 & Over

( Unknom

rUndn 5

65 h DYR

Unknown mum WT 6m~ STUDY AREA NO. 3

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE. AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPULAr10N 1923 199 194l 1950 1951 1975 Total popuhtim 261,015 216,258 215,962 208,848 215,000 Tot.1 Jewish 3;lb 102,239 73,724 82,915 70,408 $7,200 Percent xxx 39.2 34.1 38.4

T-1 white Total Jewish

Nsti,. born

UDY YUITF

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE moSEX, 1957 MANHATTAN

,D ------, STUDY AREA NO. 3 I I

I Totol and Estimated Jewish Population as 0 Percenl Change Over 1930 I I Boundori.,: Peck Slip, Ferry St.. Gold St., Spruce St., Park Rat, I I Bovery, 4th Ave., E. 14th St., East River I I I ------J STUDY AREA NO. 4 P.rr*n, Cham.

I I I I I

I "...... ~rs,-r+l.,,...... I Est. Jerl.h Poo.- I I -J+o I I I 1930 1940 I950 1951 1915 I

Totol and E~lin~ledJewish Popula~ion as 0 Percent Change Over 1930 Boundori..: Rudson River, West 14th St., Ave. oP the Americas W. 22nd St., 8th Ave., W. 52nd St., Amsterdam Ave., W. 58th ----St.. Eudson River ------i 135 WT~C~m STUDY AREA NO. 4

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWW POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

.a= CIOUP.

undo 5

5-14

15-24

25-34

3544

4544

65 & Over

uolroom

Total

tUnder 5

1 Unknown mTmVA-CHEISm STUDY AREA NO. 4

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

~OPYL..'O* 19L9 19a 1940 1960 19s 19'1s T-1 ppulrim xxx 133,143 ~9,868 123,376 m9603 msm Toel Jewish 4,100 2,913 2,m 6,841 7,333 7,400 Petcent .=I 2.2 2.3 5.5 6.2 6.7

.. , .. . - Tot.1 white ~ot.l~ewi& 470000.P17 P-t Native bom xxr e4,W %A930 ~oteipFoteip bornbom xrr 43,798 35,403 sr602

NOH WHITE ~otd rxx 5,132 3,535 N%m xxx 4,601 2,928 0th- -1 531 I sW

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, I957

1957 MALE 1 FEMALE S"OUP. ,E",'"

>E"II* 1s -*'TE JS",," ""8.E ,E",,* 00.. PERCENT 0FW"llh 1. TPlBS SgUARE STUDY AREA NO. 5

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWlW POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

.m= a-0"-s

Undn 5

514

1524

2534

3544

4544

65 b Ovn

Unknown

Tohl

Under 5

65 0. Ove.

Unknovn

Total -90WRB STUDY AREA NO. 5

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED wlTn TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 199

1957 TOTAL MALE FEMALE .OE I s"0U-s

,r.,,* WM,TE ,EW,SM

- I

STUDY AREA NO. 5 P.rr.nt Ch.3n.r

Total and Esllnoted Jewish Popvlo$ion 0% a Percent Change Orcr 1930 'oundorie*: EIUlt 14th St.. West 14th St., Ave. of the Am.crieas, W.22nd St .,&h Av. ,Central Park South,5th Av. ,~.63rd St ., ----3rd Av., E.42nd St.,kth-- --Av. ------. STUDY AREA NO. 6 Parcml Charqe

150

75 k/u 1930 ...... 1940 1950 1957 1975%lvtlol PO. Total ond Eslinoled Jewish Population 0% a Percent Change Over 1930 8oundori.s: East River, E. 14th St., Park Ave., East 42nd St., 3rd Ave., E. 34th St., East River TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

199) .c= ,S"\," GROUF, T0T.L ,S"\," 707.L a'FEnCE*T ~O~UL.T,O* .O."L.T,O* .O."L.TIO* OF T0T.L Under 5 9,176 899 9-8 5,865

5-14 i 5.333 516 9.7 8,756 I 15-24 9,761 953 9.8 6.999

14,198

35-44 16,640

4564 25.618

9.8 8,186

Unknown 92,516 9,056 9 8 86,262 1b 2 s- s- TOYA-(PIAWgRCY 60UARE STUDY AREA NO. 6

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND WON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE Td.1 while ' 68,648 76,700 91,427 84,429 4,070 3,2254.7 9,0569.9 15,05617.8 I.. Natrve born 411242 52.3 71.787 1x1 111 Forria ban 27,406 24,LU 17,707 xxx XXI ,"_:NONWHITE TOM 111 654 1 1.025 1 1.089 1 1.833

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 19n

TOTAL GROUP. JEW,,"

0.CERCEH or ",*IT !%ST mw STUDY AREA NO. 7

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWlW POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Undn 5

25-34

35-44

Unknown JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

1 WHITE I Total white 53,668 53$& 53,689 49rW8 T&l Jewish 5,200 1,061 em 1,600 ;:w Petceat xxx 2.0 1.6 3.3 xu Native born xxx 32,195 35,971 34% xxx m Foreign ban xxx 21,473 17,169 15,153 xu m

~ rota] I 111 335 YO 477 4% ... New m 152 123 192 178 xu 0th- nx 183 le7 286 273 xu WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1957 MANHATTAN .------STUDY AREA NO. 7 I Pli.."t Ch.ngl I

Tolal ond Estineted Jcrish Po~ulotion 0% a Perrmt Chanae Ovtr 1930 1 Boundari.r: Emt River, East 34th St., 3rd Ave.. E. 64th St., East I River I I ------I STUDY AREA NO. 8 P~rrmChon).

r0 I I I I I I I 45 -. I 30 -...... --...... a*...... 15 .... I - - ... I I ..a. Toto, P.pul.,,on ...... En.Jew~rhPop.- I I 0 " I I 1930 I940 1950 I957 I975 I

To1.1 and Estinat.d Jcrirh Population 01 o Percent Chongt Ovtr 1930 Bounda*i*r: mason River, U. 106th St., Central Park Vest, U. 74th St., Hudson River ------i 147 PARK YPST STUDY AREA NO. 8

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

TOTAL

17.6 25.7

1 65 6 Over

Under 5

35-44 45,598 12,921 28.3 1 37.196 Y,YU 28.3 ~ 45-64 84,533 24,345 1 28.8 70,943 21,401 30.2 ! 65'""- 27,993 8.~4 29.0 28,613 8,832

Unknown 1' -_------1 iI JEWISH POPULATION CDMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

203 3'73 242,993 263,701 245,982 1 53 63,g 1 74701 percent 26.6

WHITE I

NONWHITE 10,459 19,962 xzz 8,769 18,009 xu 11690 1,953 xzz WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

1957

krr TOTAL 1 MALE I FEMALE rrlou-, ,SW*," JFIIS* IS "*ITE ,E",,H *H,7C ,E",," PO.. PERCENT OF WNITE undn 5 13,345 4,170 31.2 6,781 2,122 6,564 2,048 , EIST OF CEPEU PAN-YOWILL?. STUDY AREA NO. 9

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

undn 5 1 15,328 / 1,594 1 10.4

Under 5

,514 23.956

15.24 29,165

25.54 33,604

35-44 38,187

4564 P.904

65 h Ovn 23,845

Unknom ---- ~oh~ 235,285 OP CXtWRU PARK-YOKVlUE STUDY AREA NO. 9

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

TOTAL FEMALE

G"0"P. JEW,'" "MITE POP. PERCW 6 1"lll MANHATTAN STUDY AREA NO. 9 P.rc-4 Chaw.

Tolol and Esfinoted Jcwt,h Populat~on03 0 Pcrccnl Change Over 1930 I Boundaries: Eaat River, East 64th St., 3rd Ave., E. 65th St., 5th I Ave., East 105th St., 3rd Ave., West 99th St., East River I I ------J STUDY AREA NO 10 P..cn, Chow.

I I I 1

\ lol~lPowlo,,on ...... E.,.J.-8.h Pop.- I I 1930 1940 1950 1957 1975 I I Total md Eslinm1.d Jewish Pmpulmlion os o Percent Chonp. Over 1930 Boundori..: Budson River. W. 158th St., Amsterdam Ave., W. 159th St., Barlem River Drvy., W. 155th St., Bradhurst Av., w.lklst ----St., St. Aicholaa Av.,---- W. 145th St., Amsterdam---- Av. --- 153 MORNIACBIDB m1m STUDY AREA NO. 10

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

Uadet 5

4564

65 b Over

Unknow

Total

i i --Total ! 183,604 29,354 1 PDmm1DE HE1m STUDY AREA NO. 10

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND HOW-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957

8-61 23,816 6,467 27.2 10,457 2,845 13,359 3,622

6 6 (ket llr431 3,102 27.1 4,519 1,222 6,912 lrm

Unknmn

Tdal 93,441 25,365 27.1 43,308 ll9744 50,133 13,6a WBST EmUn STUDY AREA NO. U

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

7OT.L ~O~"L~.,O"

Under 5

65 & Over 3,908 Unkn~o ~ 231 1 2,s; -Total 202,024

h5 II OYR

Unknown ' HE3T E4Fu.m STUDY AREA NO. U

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOIAL, WHITE, bND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPUL"1OY 1923 1930 1944 1950 1957 1975 Total populstim rrr 202,024 219,212 226,731 206,044 218 000 Tots1 Jewish 75,500 2,518 883 1,282 5,482 8,300 Percent xxx 1.2 0.4 0.6 2.7 3.8

WHITE Total white xu 54,079 14,165 3,647 xxx Tots1 Jewish 75,500 2,518 883 1,282 5,532 2 8,300 pe-t Xu 4.7 6.2 35.2 9.0 xxx Native born xxx 33pll.5 10,153 2,927 xu xxx Forei~born xxx 20,964 4,012 720 xxx x=

NON WHITE Total rxx 147,945 205,047 223,084 200,452 xu New xxx 147,160 204,602 222,668 200,269 XU hhn xxx 785 445 416 183 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 MANHATTAN ,------. I STUDY AREA NO. 11 I I I P..r.n9 Change b I

I Total and Estnmoted Jexlsh Popvl~tlonus u Percent Chonge Over 1930 I I Bou.dori=s: Harlem RiverJifth Av.,Central Park A. (W.llOth St.), I I Manhattan Av.,Morningside Av.,W.l23rd St., St. Aicholas Av., I w.l$lst St.,Bradhurst Av.,W.l55th St.,Harlem R.Drvy.,Aarlem R. I ------I STUDY AREA NO 12 Pl.C."l Chq.

I I I I I I 200 I

I I I I

Totol ond Estimated Jerlsh Population 0% a Pcrcenl Chsngr Over 1930 Boundori.~: East River, East mhSt., Third Ave., East 105th St., 5th Av., Harlem River ------159 EASTBARLBll STUDY AREA NO. 12

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Undn 5

3544

45-64

65 & Dvn

Unbm 1 Tots1

Undn 5

15-24

25-31

3544

45-64

65 h Dvn

Unknown 1 Told EAST STUDY AREA NO. 12

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND HON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPULI~ION ,923 19s l9a I953 1957 1975 Tab1 ppulatiw rrr 186,343 164,179 177,693 152,367 175,MX) Told ]wish 101,300 2,899 516 1,3~ 8,093 13,300 Percent xxx 1.6 0.3 0.7 5.3 7.6

WHITE Tobl while 1x1 160,525 130,639 123,864 lW,22l XXX Td.1 Jewish 101,300 2,899 516 1,3U 8,093 13,300 Percent xxx 8.1 xxx Native tern xxx 95,tB 91,?& wgg,M xxx xxx Foteip bore xxx 65,033 38,919 24,801 XI., xxx

NONWHITE TO~I I 1 25.818 1 33,540 I 53.826 1 d

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWIW POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957

FEMALE WASElNGION HEIGBTS STUDY AREA no. 13

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

d,n8 36,833 ! 3544 31,260

45M 33,268

65 & Over 7,344

I Unknom YASHINmIi BEIGaTS STUDY AREA NO. 13

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND WON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1757

TOTAL FEMALE

,E.,,,"

,S"#,W ",.,TS JSW,," POP. PL.C.*T -*'TT (IF YYlTC , 12,124 4,443 36.6 6,060 2,185 6,064 2.250 MANHATTAN

li'i ,------, 1 STUDY AREA NO. 13 I I I Percm! Chon*. I I

I Total and Esrimofed Jewish Populotian 03 o Percent Change Over 1930 I I Boundaries: Aarlem River, Aarlw River Drvy., West 159th St., Ams- I I terdm Ave., West 158th St., Hudson River I I I ------I STUDY AREA NO. 14 Percent Chong.

7.. .. *. I -15. _ '. -... I I .. I I -..... I I -30-...... I ...-...... -45 ...... -. -..a...... I. -to I -. I I Tato, Poplollon ...... -75 E tl.Jerl%h Pop.- I I I I I 1930 1940 1950 1957 1975 I

Total ond Estimated Jewish Popule!~on as a Percent Change Over 1930 Bnvndori..: Bedloee Island, Ellis Island, Welfare Island, Wards Is- land, Randalls Island, Sunken Meadou ------. i 165 RIVER Ism STUDY AREA NO.14

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

65 h Over

1 Total

!Unda 5

Unknown EAST RIVER 18- STUDY AREA NO. 14

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

PDPULAT1ON ,923 190 19Y) 19W 1957 1975 To(nlpopulstim xxx 19,814 14,693 13,002 8,880 13,000 Total Jewish --- Percent xxx

WHITE Total white 18,247 13,729 U,439 7,637 IIX Totnl Jewish --- P-t IXX xxx Native born xxx 10,283 9,037 7940 xxx xxx Foreign bn. xrr 7,964 4,692 4,369 XXI IXX

NON WHITE Total xxx 1,567 964 1,563 1,243 xxx New nr 1,509 I289 1,43 1,214 xxx 0th- nx SS 75 126 29 xm WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

1957 TOTAL MALE FEMALE .GE I GRo"-s ,sw,s,. .I .I JEW,,* w*'Tr ,EW,EH WH,TE ,C",SH -0.. PERCENT OFWYITE SOW BRONX STUDY AREA NO. 21

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE rUnder 5

1 Total

,E"#," ,SW,," POPULATION As PEmCE*T OF TOTAL Under 5 4

15-24

35-44

6s 1 rive,

Unknown

Total SOUTH BROm STUDY AREA NO. 21

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AN0 NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

1 WHITE I

Nstin bn

NON WHlTE TMsl 1x1 2,591 3,041 8,207 1'7rW rrx Nep nx 2,504 2,921 7,985 16,931 1xx Other xxx 87 I 120 222 276 XII WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957

TOTAL

0RO"PS JE",*"

JE",," -0.. PERCENT .*'TE osW"c7r BRONX ,------. I STUDY AREA NO. 21 1 I I P..r.n9 Ch.-. I I I ...... I

I I I I I I I -. I Tol.1 Poplollen ..-... E,,.J..l.h Pop. - -75 I I I I 1930 1940 1950 1957 1975

I Total ond Estinoted Jewish Population os a Percent Chonpe Ore. 1930 I 1 ~~~,,d.,~.,: Ralw River, PLscanh's Dam Bridge,E.l61at St..Morris Av., I I Pk. Av.,~.160 St.,Ctlod. Av.,E.l59th St..Uelrose Av..E.l57th St., I I Third Av.,E.l58th St.,Brook AV.,E.~S&~ St.,St. Anus Av.,E.l59th I

STUDY AREA NO. 22 P.r.m, Chon)+

I I

-60 I - - 1 Eal. Jrrirh Pop.- I -75 I 1 1930 1940 1950 I957 1975 \

Total ad Eslinoted Jewt3h Population 0s 0 Per<.nt Change Over 1930 Boundari..: East River, E. 149th St., Prospect Ave., Longvocd AV.. Tiffany St., Bruckner Blvd., Bryant Ave., Garrison Av., Edge- ----water Road, East River------i 171 m mm STUDY AREA NO. 22

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

1 unknow. 1 10 6 60.0 ---- I ---- 1 I

,PUnder 5

65 h Over BUHPS mm STUDY AREA NO. 22

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AH0 NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPUL.710N 1923 19ZU 19- 1953 1957 1975 Total~opulation rxr 40,105 38,675 40,245 36,193 33,000 Total J-ish 34,200 30,226 20,724 15,727 14,810 10,300 Percent xxx 7%4 53.6 39.1 40.9 3L2

WHITE Total white 39,808 38.202 37,864 32,322 1x1 Total ~evish 3;:200 30,226 20,724 15,727 14,810 10,300 Percent 1x1 75.9 54.2 45.8 xxx Native born xxx 21,327 23,104 27~21 xxx ~omivban 1x1 18,481 15,098 101650 xu xxx

NON WHITE Total xxx 2m 473 2,381 3,8n xxx New XII 266 439 2,298 3,768 XI. Other 1x1 3 34 83 103 xu WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 YgST m1M STUDY AREA NO. 23

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

.a. CIOYC. hdcr 5

5-14

15-24

25.24

3544

45-54

65 b Ovn

Udnom

Total

Uoder 5

5-14

15-24

25-34

35-44

45-64

65 0; Over

Unknown

Total !asT BRDAX STUDY AREA ND. 23

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NDN-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

~OPYL.~ON 1923 l9m 1940 1950 I957 1975 Total poplstia rrr In,305 207,549 2079336 186,584 179,000 Tobl Jovirh 26,300 125,197 142,886 138,442 121,434 102,000 Percent xxx 70.6 68.8 66.8 65.1 57.0

WHITE

T&l Jewish Percent Native born

NONWHITE Total Nev 0th- 104 146 313

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1957

1957 MALE FEMALE .a= TOTAL I G*O"PS ,EW,SW ,L*l," AS **,lr -*''= ,CR,SW WH,TE ,E",,W SOP. PERCENT OF WHITE I I

------. I STUDY AREA NO. 23 I I I I P...e"l Chow. I

Totol ond Erlimoted Jewish Population as o Percenl Chonpe Ore, 1930 I Boundaries: -1- River,W.Trslont Av.,E.Tmmmt Av.,E.l76th St., I Clay Av.,E.l7lst St., Wehater Av.,E.l67th St., Clay Av., Park I .----Av.,Wmria Av.,E.l6lat -- --St.,lbcmhls h Bridge,Eul----- Rim 1 STUDY AREA no. 24 P.rcnt Chq. -7

I Totol ond E.timo1.d Jewish Pooulolion os o Percenl Chon.. Over 1930 1 d.,. m. R., AV., mt A*., btnu ~1.d..TI~W ar., L-.A".. Rapst A*. B~.~bU&-1. A,., 1.159U 8t.. St. lan. A,., E.158th St., &mt Av., E.158th8t.. 3ld Av., ~.15lth~~:,bh6. E.159tb St.,CtM. A. ..E.lWt..PL.A...Cly Av.,B.l61~t.,Yebster**. B.ITU~~~.,~~~...~.116tbst.,~.-,w ~..,~.179t~t.,*rtbn. A..,E.-. A".. Rot- R.I..Y.taloo n..lI.lnU8t..S.B1.d.,S~---- Pl..mv..---- Crm. m. m..8.A - I In MI- STUDY AREA NO. 24

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

514

1524

25-34

35-44

4564

65 R Over

Unknown

Total kmmIsmu STUDY AREA NO. 24

JEWISH POPULATIOH COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AHD HOH-WHITE POPULATIOHS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AHD SEX, 1957 FORDHAH STUDY AREA NO. 25

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

514

1524

2534

35-44

45-64

65 k Over

Unknom

Tolal PORDE4M STUDY AREA NO. 25

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

?OPYL'T1OY 1923 tsa 1940 19~1 1957 197s Talllpopulstim rrr 187,109 216,047 223,678 214,358 204,WO TatslJewish 13,600 83,350 93,826 l05,216 102,481 87,200 Percent xxx 44.5 41.4 47.0 47.8 b3.7

WHITE Total while xxx 186,531 215,283 =,&xi =,a91 xxx T-tsl Jewish 13,600 83,350 93,826 105,216 102,481 87,200 Petcent xxx 44.7 4 6 4 2 48.4 xxx Native born xxx 130,693 15Zr&6 162,kU xxx xxx Foreign ban xxx 55,838 62,847 598-5 xxx xxx

NON WHITE Total IXI 578 764 872 2,467 xxx Negm xxx 476 67 0 671 1,975 xxx 0th- xxx 102 94 201 492 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AN0 SEX, 1957 BRONX STUDY AREA NO. 25 P..',"l Chomp

~undori.~yh~i-, w& me.~'ra~, v.n ctlnd. ~t.s., v.~uohlll~d., ~er- *v m~nbge.A"., ~.2lltbst., BI-X ~iver,~.Wtb St., micdOarden Line., Wmd P el-., webste A"., ~.159tbst., mat= Av., ~.FmdhaRd., webate A"., ~.lslthst., hi- Av., E.184th st., orad Cmcaac, *nth7 Av., E.Wmmt A"., W.Trsmt A=La 7------STUDY AREA NO 26 Perm? Chow.

Total ond ~,ti.~t.d Jewish Population or o Per<.nt Chon91 Over 1930

'O""d"i*%- R1-, ho. W., A"., PI., S.Bl*d., s.ll5th St.. W.t=ll Pl., CrOt- Ptd., Artm Ar., 8.hamt- Ar., E.17pb St., jrd AT., Mbu. AT.. B.hant * ~r.,8.1Btb st., -1- AV., 8.1Bltb st., webam. b., zl=-Z- ~d., kdurb.. a.lStb st.. webstar AV., ~d-n_.el*d.. aol.nIsll Mn.---- Liru, X.2DStb St., bmJ1z. ---- 183 m5mm STUDY AREA YO. 26

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATIOY DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1 65 0; Over lW!mAT STUDY AREA NO. 26

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS. FOR SELECTED YEARS

I WHITE 1

Native born

NON WHITE $76 1,228 4,536 49 1,075 4,354 0th" 87 86 153 182 1 WHITE AN0 ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AN0 SEX, 1957 80UADYBY-rn STUDY AREA NO. 27

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1E.I." SIOUP. l0T.L ,=",." .O."L.TIO* eOeUL.TIO* ''p=Rcl*l0P.OT.L +&$zUnder 5

199) ,e"%,w OllOYe. TOTAL JE"3.H .O."L.T,O" POFUL..,." ':;yoyr Under 5 7,126 2,019 28.3

5-14 9,925 21805 28.3

1524 81191 2,W 25.3 25-34 Us699 3,037 28.4

35-44 Y),523 2,983 28.3 4%4 12,887 3,662 6.4 65 n; ovet 3,645 1,036 28.4 Unborn ------Total 62,996 17,864 28.4 186 SOUADvm-Pmmm STUDY AREA NO. 77

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

PDPYL"'O* ,ga ,933 I940 1950 1957 1975 Total populatiml xxr 43.162 1 51,556 dr :;;% 1 16;562 29j100 Percent I xrrr 1 36.0 1 23.2 28.4 27.2 24.7

WHITE Total white XI 43,324 51,498 61,676 55,846 xxx Total Jewish 4,000 15,590 U.945 17.864 16,562 29,100 Percent III 29.7 xxx Native born xxx 2872$ 36f% 47%; ... xxx Foreign ban 1x1 14,6Y/ 14,940 13,793 rxx xxx

NON WHITE Tad xxx 38 58 1,320 5,064 xxx New 32 39 1,293 4,983 III 0th" xxx 6 19 27 81 xzz

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1957

.------. STUDY AREA NO. 27 P....", Chuq. -

120

40 .- 0 - T0l.l Po~l.l,m...-. En.Je-,rh Pop., -40 I I I I

Totol and Estimated Jewish P~~~l~tionos o Percenl Chonpe Over 1930 loundori*~: ktRive+, Brnu River, Westcbester Av., Metcalf Av., Watson Av., Camnnvealtb Av., Westchster Av., Waterbury Av., Westebester Creek ------* ------. STUDY AREA NO. 28 Percen, Chmqe 80 .- n

40 i

T0l.lTol.1 PopuloflolPopul.flon ..... E.,.J.-,.hE .,.J.-,.h Pop-Pop 0 I I 1930 1940 1950 1957 1975

Tolal ond Estimated Jewish Population 0% n Percent Chons. Orrr 1930 Eound~riaueatehe~ter~rt.,waterbuq ~v.,we6tcbe~ter ~v.,c~~)onvealth~r.,wstsrn ~r.,~ct- sau Av.,Wea*heotm AV.,B..R.,P~~~ Rd..~elh.. ~kv.Y..Baetm Rd..Pelh.. PWy.S..Bar sett Av.,rmta st.,mtcbeater ~d.,Pophr st.,-its St.,Bubau St.,Bunad St.,Rasrel: ----St.,Y.ter Av.,llnt A".,-Av.,Ponton---- Av.,R*erts Av..~hlnaon---- R.msy.E.hemont--- Av I@ FzLMN PARglUY STUDY AREA NO. 28

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

CI1OULI

Under 5

15-24

65 h Over

Unknown earuL.l!o* 1923 19X) 1949 1960 I957 1975 Tot.] pplatim 1x1 84,686 101,2116 110,353 135.860 125,000 Tolallnish 3,000 33,663 41,419 58,683 64,629 591 400 Percent XXI .8

WHITE Total while XU 84,lgT 100,830 139rl73 132,144 xxx Td.l]twkh 3,000 33,663 4l.419 58,683 64,629 59,400 Pe-t xxx 40.0 41 1 42 0 48.9 xxx Native bom xxx 55,250 69,689 lq,lk xxx xxx ~neipbrim xxx 28,947 31,l'U 32,587 xxx xxx

NONWHITE TDLSI xxx W 416 ss0 3,716 xxx Nw xxx 455 394 492 3,544 "'3 Othn xxx 34 22 88 172 I=*

WHITE AHD ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

Under 5

2534

35-44

65 & Ovn

Unknown PELBAIL BRYEITP IBIABD STUDY AREA NO. 29

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND MOM-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPuLArlo* ,923 190 1940 19m 1957 1975 TOW population 3,698 45,014 48,392 57,649 63,000 TotalJewish 1% lrOU 1,145 1,331 1,772 1,800 Percmt 111 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.9 ... .- I TU1~hi? I 1. I 37.69) 1 Y,%7 I 48,317 I 56,140 1 xxx I Total Jewish 1.800 1.011 1.145 1.3.-- 1.-.- 1.800, 1 percent 1 xx 1 -2.7 1 -2.5 1 2.8 1 ---3.0 1 xxx I Native born 27,i6i 34,ojt 39,%4 zrz xxx 1 reborn ,1 10,469 1 10,913 I 10,343 1 XIX m I unu. .- . . vuns~...... - I ~ota~ 1x1 48 47 75 1,509 xxx New xxz 41 P 35 1 1,467 1 ~n

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957

1957 MALE FEMALE AGE TOTAL I GnOuP, JEW,," JEW,," AS WM,TE **lTE ,EW,,H **,,r ,EW,SW POP PCRCENT OFVYlTE

Under 5 5,171 157 3.0 2,59 79 2,579

,------, I STUDY AREA NO. 29 I I P..rent Change I I I t I

€4

I I I 30, . I I I I I 15

iov.1 Pow,.,,." ...... 0

I T~tolond Estlmoted Jernsh Populataon os a Percent Chon91 Over 1930 I

STUDY AREA NO. 30 I P.,."" Ch.-.

Totol ond Estimated Jewish Population as o Percent Change Over I930 Beundori..: New York City B-, Bromivw, Borough Line, Emism ------195 RIVERWLB STUDY AREA NO. 30

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWlW POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

4564

65 & Over rusmMu3 STUDY AREA NO. 30

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPULAT~ON ,923 19B 19110 19YI 1957 1975 Total populstio. rrr 15,858 22,468 28,681 42,009 75,000 Total J-ish 8,700 3,860 4,661 7,748 8,047 12,500 Percent xxx 243 2Q.7 n.0 I< 7

WHITE Total white 15,475 22,038 28,293 41,397 xxx Total Jewish 8,700 3,860 4,661 7,748 8,047 12,500 Percenl xxx 21.1 27-4 19.4 xxx Native born xxx 11:g 16,619 22,104 ixi xxx Foreign ban xrr 3>?37 5,419 6,189 xxx xxx

NONWHITE Total xxx 383 430 388 612 xxx Negro XXI 357 383 260 343 xxx hher xi= 26 47 128 269 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

45-64 U,259 2,19419.5 5,766 1,117 5,493 lr47 65 h 3,554 658 18.5 1,401 274 2,153 384 uotoaun

Tdal 41,397 8,047 19.4 19,851 3,863 21,546 4,184 mmmAX STUDY AREA NO. 31

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE ..= OIOYC.

Unda 5

5-14

15-24

2534

3544

45-54

65 11 Ova

Uoknow

Tolsl

JLWIS*

Under 5 NORl'E BRONX STUDY AREA NO. 31

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

1 WHITE I Total white 1.1 102,~.5 127,870 140,250 161,513 TotalJewish 12,600 27,440 32,209 30,865 30,865 Percent xxx 2 2 22 0 18.9 Native born xxx 6724 90,ib 104.9b9 xxx Foreign born xxx , 34,517 37,739 35,281 IIX

NONWHITE Tots1 xxx 1.373 1 Negro xxx 1,342 2,153 Mha xxx 31 44 gm WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

,------, I STUDY AREA NO. 31 I I Percm Chaw. 1 I I I ..+"../' I a. - .-..-. 45 .. .- I ..*- J' I I 30 - - ... I I ..a*. .... I I I 15 .a.

0 1930 I940 1950 1957 1975

Total and Estinotrd Jewish Populolion as a Percent Change Over 1930 I ~~.~d.,~..:Mtchester Bay, Watt Av., Stadium Av.,lllddletwn Rd., I Bruckner Blvd.,Westchester Av.,k Av.,Peh Pkuy.S.,Rutcb- I insm Plny.,Pelha Pkuy.S.,Bwtm Rd.,Peh Plny.ll.,%. Pk., I .----Burke Av..%. R..E.2Jp-St.,Vm Ctlnd. F'J31.1.C. Boundvy ,-J STUDY AREA NO. 32 Perrm. Chmnle

I 400 - .-.... I I ...... I I -. *...... I I 3w ... .. I a...... + .-,.3- 200

loo_- ' I I I Total ~~~l.t~~~...... E.1.J.Y.h Pop.- I I 0 I ).' I I 1930 I940 I950 1957 1975 I

Total and Eslimoted Jewish Population 0s a P.rr.nt Change Over 1930 Boundari..: Rlker's Iehd ------i 201 RMER'S Ism STUDY AREA NO. 32

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

19s 19m

AaE ,C"9," ,E",S" IS"'.* omo"-s T9T.L ,n,,* TOTAL A. er"Cr*T P.."L.T,.M .o.cJL.Tm.2 P...... ,.. P...... ,.. ..."LA.,.. A;.':";A::' o, Under 5 ------2 ----

1524 526 ---- ~

45-54

65 b Onr ------Told 3.060

I990 1957

AGS JEWS" ,Ell.* GrnOUPS T9T.L JS"8.M TOTAL JS",SH PQ."LAT,QN PQP.L..,O" ..P.L.T#.M POP.L.T~.M Unda 5 4 ---- 2 ----

5-14 6 ------

15-24 5a --.- i-74 ----

25-34 752 ---- 799 ---- 3544 592 ---- 266 ---- 45-54 810 ---- 19l --- 65 h Ova ---- 14 ------TOM 2,813 ---- 2,052 ---- 202 RIKER'B ISW(D STUDY AREA NO. 32

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

~~opuLA~lo~ 1; 1 I940 I950 ,957 197s populatim 1 1 2,813 1 TOM 3,060 2,056 3, 1 Total Jmirh Perceat

WHITE Total white 327 2,053 1,662 8& xxx Total Jewish --- Percent xxx Native bm 205 1,561 1,393 zxx xxx 122 492 269 xxx ... HON WHITE 280 1,007 1,151 1,176 xxx 280 925 1,055 1,153 xn --- 82 % 23 11. WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 WUWlOYN BFOOKLYN STUDY AREA N0.a

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1 Total mmmm BRDOMI~~ STUDY AREA NO. 41

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

- ~OPYLLT#ON ,922 19s 1940 t9m 1957 19n xxx 84,557 79,225 W,W 93,195 95,000 2,200 3,546 ~3,854 25,853 2?,426 18,000 4.2 23.8 29.3 24.1 18.9

WHITE Total whxte Tl,Tl5 74,044 81,061 74,798 111 Tats1 Jewish 2,200 3,546 18,854 25,853 22,426 18,000 Percent XXX 4.6 31.9 30.0 IIX Nstivc barn xx, 55,404 5782,5+.5 72 67,220 xrx rn Fnesp born xxx 22,371 16,572 13,841 111 xxx

NON WHITE Total xxx 6,782 5,181 7,046 18,397 111 Negro xxx 5,Sel 4,467 6,288 17,896 xxx Mer XXX 801 714 758 501 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

1957 MALE FEMALE AGE TOTAL I Gr(O"P, ,L*I,* JEll," AS >sw,sw "H8.E ,C"#," Pop, *<.CENT OFIWIIE BROOKLYN ,------. I STUDY AREA NO. 41 I I I 1

I Total and Estim~frdJew8.h Popvlorian as o Perccnl Change Over I930 I I Borndari.~: East River, Clinton Av., Myrtle Av., Grand Av., Green I Av., Flatbush Av., Pulton St., Roe- St., Atlantic Av., Court I St., Kane St.. Henry-- St., -- Atlantic Av., East- - - River - I STUDY AREA NO. 42 i----Perrar ChmJ. - - -i

Totol and Estinot.d Jewish Populrtion as 0 P.rc.nl Chanp. Over 1930 Bound-riel: Flushing Av., Everween Av., Myrtle Av., B'vsy, Louis Av., Stockton St., Throop Av., Floyd St., Av., Heyward St., Bedtmd Av., Pluahing---- Av., Clintm ----Av., East River --- aJI uILLmzsBURG STUDY AREA NO. k?

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE r 1930 .a= JE.#SH emou,.. fO7.L JE.8." TOTAL ..*"L..,ON POPUL.,,.. PO." ..,,ow PO. .."'ON ^"'"""'0- TOTAL Uader 5 16.961 / 6,881 40.6 12,085 4,149

19s 1957

AGE, ,Ells" JEW,%+ 0RO"FS TOTAL JC",," TOTAL ,EW,SW ...,ON ",,':",:::'.O..L..,ON .O.UL., 80. .;:yo::"= Under 5 I 16,oa 6,328 38.3 15r890 4,342 27.3

'" over U.535 4.729 ) 41.0 Y,Pl ' 3,439 33.7 Unknown ------I wlmwm!mG STUDY AREA NO. 42

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

191,814 177,617 168,170 149,143 l6-',m 1 78,082 60,885 66,606 43,412 33.400 Percent 40.7 34.3 39.6 29.1 20.9

1 WHITE 1 Total white 160,008 138,019 xxx 66,606 43,412 339400 Percent 41.6 31.5 xxx Native born U5,340 xxx xxx '4668 xxx xxx

NONWHITE I TOI~I xxx 3,134 4,229 Negro .XI. 2,925 3,896 7,661 0tho xxx m9 333 501 246 WNlTE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

1957 TOTAL MALE FEMALE ACE I GrlOUPS JEW,,,. ,Ell," 13 I*,IE Jswm,M WH,TE JEW,," POP. .L.CL*r OF**ITE Gtmimrn STUDY AREA NO. 43

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

SROYP.

Uadn 5 1514

1524

2534

65 0. Over

Unknawm GrGmimIRT STUDY AREA NO. 43

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957 BROOKLYN .------STUDY AREA NO. 43 P..<."* Change

Total and Estimotrd Jewish Population or rn Percent Change Owrr 1930 loundori..: Newton Creek, Meeker St., Leonard St., Driggs Av., South 4th St., Kent Av., South 3rd St.. Enat River ------STUDY AREA NO. 44 P.rr-l Ch.np.

Total and Estinot.d Jewish Pspulotion 0% o Pcrrcn~ Chonge Over 1930 3wndori.a: Emt River, Atlantic Av., Benry St., Kane St., Court St., Atlantic Av., Boerrma PI., Fulton St. ,Flatbush Av. ,Nevins ----St.,carol St. ,hth Av.---- ,prospect Av. ,6th Av.---- .PGth St. ,Upper Bay -- - 213 SOUTH BIIOOKLW STUDY AREA NO. WI

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

TIOVP, T0T.L

5-14

15-24

25-34

3544

65 b Over 39535 52

Unknovm

I-Under 5

4564

65 1, Over

Unknown SDm mm STUDY AREA NO. 44

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED wlTn TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

Total Jwirh 1 1,568 1 4,100 2,384 4;012 Percent 1.5 3.9 2.4 4.3 4.8

WHITE Total white 104,198 102,327 94,018 82,960 xxx TotalJewish 1,600 1,568 4,1133 2,3811 4,012 3,800 Percent xxx 1.5 4.0 4.8 xxx Native born xxx 68,537 73,757 73,m2.z xxx xxx Foreign born xxx 35,661 28,570 20,814 1x1 xzx

.,4011 .- . . YYlTF...... - Total xxx 3,624 1,662 4,371 ll,372 xxx Negro XXI 3,175 4201 3,867 1 ll~070 xxx Other xxx 449 461 504 302 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWIW POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 EZfFOPD 9RlWEWU STUDY AREA NO. 45

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

19.1 1957

,E*l,* JS"8.W GmouP, TOTAL >Em\,* .e..L ,S",S" .LA .,ON PO.UL..,O N .O."L..,ON PO~~L.T~O" ... A',::"D;::' 7 - 8.0 28,471 2,993 10.5

37,368 ; 3,104 8.3 44,286 5,223 U.8

1524 U,m6 3,478 8.3 34,674 4,134 n.9 25-34 53,227 3,945 7.4 U,n6 4,353 9.7 35-44 42,766 3,338 7.8 41,227 4,059 9.8 45-64 49,938 5,066 5,888 13.1

65 h over 16,789 2,217 14,779 2,8n 19.9 Unknown I ------Total 1269,588 I 23,342 253,015 29r~11, n.7 216 BEDmRD swn'mmr STUDY AREA NO. 45

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND HON-WHITE POPULATIONS. FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE WD SEX, 1957 BROOKLYN - STUDY AREA NO. 45 Per'"? Ch.9.

Total and Estinat.d Jewish Populo~ion os a Percent Change Ore. 1930 ~~~~d~~~..:B'way,Ralph Av.,Harion St.,Reid Av.,Atlantic Av.,Utica St.,St.lbn; Av.,Sch'tdy.Av.,Burgoo St.,Troy Av.,St.h Av., Kingston Av.,Atlantic Av.,Fr&lin Av.,Brvrt.Pl.,BediOrd Av., .----DeKalbAv. .TaifeePl .LPQoyGt..ThroopAv. .St=C-kt-+t. .St .LouisAv, - STUDY AREA NO: 46

Tolol and Estimated Jewish Population 0% a Percent Change Over 1930 Boundorie.: Eldert St.,Irving Av.,Long Inland Rail Road, Central Av.,Gravlte St.,B'way,&rtle Av.,EVergieen Av.,Pluehing Av., ----Cypress Av., ----St., Wicholas Av.,Gates---- Av..Wycknff Av. --- I 219 BUSEUICK STUDY AREA NO. 46

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

TOTAL PO,."L.~,OW IUnder 5 8,003

15-24

2534

35-44

4564

65 h Over

Unknowo

IUnder 5 BUSMCK STUDY AREA NO. 46

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE. AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPYLAT~ON ,923 19D 19U) 19s 1957 1975 Tobl populatim xxx 128,550 129,830 123,606 115,016 ll0,KO TO~~Ijwriph 19,000 ll,233 7,699 7,941 7,022 6,300 Percent 111 8.7 5.9 6.4 6.1 5.7

WHITE Total white xxx 128,435 129,750 123,453 L12,107 Tolei Jewish 19,000 U,233 7,699 7,941

Native born

NON WHITE ~otd U5 2,909 2,825 XXX xxx

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE *no SEX, 1957 PARK mPB STUDY AREA NO. 47

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

5-14

15-24

25-3

35-44

45-64

65 h Oro

Unknom

Total PARK SLOPB STUDY AREA NO. 47

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

1 WHITE I Total white

Percent Native born 85,139

I NONWHITE

2,001 2,217 149

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957 BROOKLYN ,------1 STUDY AREA NO. 47 I I 1 , 1

I Total and Estimo1.d Jewish Population 0s a Percent Change Over 1930 I I 1 n-ndo.0.. ~r- A..,P-L~. I...- ~..,-~t R.s.,s-I., st..~r-~t~..,m~~. PI., I -~..)t.m~~~.,nthst.,~~..,~bt~st.,st~~...~t~x.,~th~..,m~tI ( A..,bth A..,Ut St. hIn.C.r.Ol1 St..- St..Sb.rh. St.,?blbub A..,Athtlc A... 1 , V.db,lt. A...* PL..Y"b. A...StJobn'. Pl..Y."allt. L...t. Pm..Ylab. A...mnLrr B1.6.b

STUDY AREA NO. 48 P.rmt Chap.

24, I

a p-----.----..... 1 -.... ' T0t.l o lotion ...... a. ...r4 €..I.-i%h P~op.- I C 1 I 0 1 I 1930 i940 1950 1957 197s I I Totol ond Estimat.d Jewish Population 0s a Percent Change Orer 1930

n*und.ri**&lC. c.,- st.,B.m.r. Av.,Mfert. Av.,Albw Av.,Ch?kmm Aw.,E.3t)tb Sf.,-b r.., a,*th st.,-- Av.,lo.trmd Av.,Lenrrta Av.,Lincoln Red, -em A"., mire Bl*., mb. AT,,^. Rn..lbd.lhill AV.,St.Joba'. Pl.,Ysab. Ar.,Pek Pl.,Vmdbilt. Ar.,Atlmtic Av., p&-Ar.,- Ar..Wb.---- Av.,AtMic Av.,St.lU.x b.,Ww---- Aw.,l*rmn Gt.,St. I1-I(- -A". - 225 CI(DM HEIm STUDY AREA NO. 48

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE rUnder 5

65 & Over CFmU BEIm STUDY AREA NO. 48

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE Toul white Toul Jewish xxx Native born 1.11 Fmign boa 111

NONWHITE xxx

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 SUNSET PARK STUDY AREA NO. 49

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

,EW,BH TOTAL , .O."L..,O. 3; 7,933

1 65 & Over

,~",IS" A, FSrnCENT OF TOTAL Under 5 7. 514

1524

2534

35-44

4564

65 R Over

Unknown

?TO'a!.~.Jllo 437 i -5,203 1 4.7 u 98,368 228 SUBSET PARK STUDY AREA NO. 49

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPYLaT8ON 1923 193) 19W 1950 1957 1975 Total populstio. rrx U5,037 U6,208 U0,437 98,368 90,000 Total]nuish 2,700 10,863 8,681 5,203 6,500 3,400 Pemeot xxx 9.4 7-5 4.7 6.6

WHITE- Total while U4,783 u6,wo ~0,067 98,038 xxx Tot=llewi=h 2,700 10,863 8,681 5,203 6,500 3,400 Percent xxx 4.7 6.6 xxx Natnve bm xxx 66,% 76,@ 78,993 xxx xxx Foreign bnn xxr 48,651 39,653 31,W4 xxx xxx

NON WHITE Total XXX 254 138 370 330 xxx Negm XI= 122 43 206 184 xxx 0th- XXI 132 95 164 146 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1957

45-64 25,394 1,686 6.6 12,734 845 12,660 841 6 beer 8,727 579 6.6 4,194 g9 4,533 300 Unknown

T~~I98,038 6,500 6.6 48,421 31W 49,617 3,289 BROOKLYN ------, STUDY AREA NO. 49 I I

i Tolol .and Estimoled Jewish Populmtion .I a Percent Chonpe Orer 1930 I ~~~~d~,~..:Upper Bey, 20th St.,6th Av.,24th St.,5th Av.,36th St.. I 7th Av.. 37th St.. Pm-t Barnilton ~kwy..62nd St..8th Av.. LDna I Island ~ai1rce.d.7th Av. .&d st. .6ti AV. .&h st.. 7th.~~.. Jf&h_ St., 3rd A;. gEd-s4., 2nd iv., shore---- PW., '&er &$ -. t - STUDY AREA NO. 50

To1.l and Estimot.d Jcrish Pop~lotion or e Perctnt Change 0r.r 1930 ~.~~d.,~..: Coney Island Av., Foster Av.,Ccesn Pkry.,l8th Av., Wc- hala Av., 47th St ..l%h Av.,55th St .,l&h St. ,Seth St.,l3th Av.,55th St.,l3th Av.,Ft. Aemilton Pkwy.,McDonald Av.,Terrace - -PL.& RmmtAv., _Se_eLex St.. Rospect _P~&S-mth West - - I 231 BOFOUGB PARK STUDY AREA N0.50

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

-19a 190 .OE ,=wm.M GROUP* T0T.L AE"8.H T0T.L PO." ...,ON PO."L.T,ON I.':";,:",:"'POP"L.T80" POP"L.Tr0. 't:yoyy' Under 5 9,186 5,029 54.7 7,472 3,691 49.4

rUnder 5

Unknown ma3FAFa STUDY AREA NO. 9

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE Td.1 rbitc U,U4 U4,N 08.647 113,983 xxx TalJ-i* 46,900 62#335 61,512 €6,176 63.94 60,100 P-t Xxx 55.7 xu N.tive bm. Xxx Fmie bm. m %887 40,466 35r549 Xu xu

NONWHITE TOl.1 xu 304 473 3% 303 xxx N~OD xxx 216 399 2% 205 xu. 0th- nx 88 74 Loo XU UNITE *no ESTIMATED JEWIW POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957 PIAZgUBB STUDY AREA NO. 51

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Undn 5

3544

65 b Over

Unknow

Under 5

2534

65 (i Over

1 Unknown FIATHlSH STUDY AREA NO. 51

IEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

'O'YLAT1ON 1923 ~sa 1940 19s 1957 197s ~ota~popvlstiw ln,960 2l8~087 239,669 239,104 250,OOO Total Jdsh l& %,lm 94.472 122.3% 123,590 125.W Percent xxx 32.6 43.3 51.1 51.7 50.4

WHITE Total white ' 170,670 a6>310 23,519 235,748 XU: TotalJewish 16,400 56,100 94,472 122,396 123,590 125,900 xxx 52.4 1x1 XII IIX xxx 43,263 47,634 47,723 1x1 1-

NDLl~.~ WHIT.=~~... . - 1 Total xm 1,290 L7TI 2,150 3,356 IXX Negm xxx 1,140 1,661 1,915 2,944 xu U:X 150 116 235 412 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 TOTAL =FiFEMALE OF WHITE

------, STUDYST""" AREAADLA No.Y" 51K> I I P. Cho*.-' Percrm I I

I I ...... I I

Tal.l Popl1o,,on ...... €3, J..l.h Pop.-

1910 I940 1950 1957 I975

I Total and Estinottd Jewish Populmion as s Percent Chonpe Over 1930 I I &,vndo,i.,: R8lph Av.,Av. I, E.17th St.,Av. 6, Cmey I. Av..Caten Av., I I Parade Av.,Pksde. Av.,Oeesn Av.,Lincoln Rd.,Yaah. Av.,Lefferts Av.,( I lloetrand Av.,Clarkaon Av.,E.jbth St.,Church ~v.,E.jBth St. ,Clark- I ----son Av..Albany A~.~Leee+t_s Av.,E.glst St.,CUrkson---- Av.,R-en -Av.J - STUDY AREA NO. 52

1I I I I I I I I -45-.

I .- I L T.1.1 Popllo.,on ...... E*o.l=~#shPop,- I I -75 I I I 1930 1940 1950 1957 I975 I

Total and Estinat.d Jewish Popvlolion 0% 0 Percent Chonp. Over 1930 B,,,L,~.,:Alabama Av.,Liberty Av.,Georgia Av.,Belmont Av.,Alabama Av.,hmt Av.,Vm Sinderen Av.,Hegeman Av.,Av. A, Remsen Av., Clarkson Av.,E.glst St.,East Neu York Av.,Crwn St.,Utica Av., ----Atlantic Av.,Bopk 1118-83 &,St. Kmx Av., -4Kw York Av.. - - - i 237 EW7 PIATBUSB~~ STUDY AREA NO. 52

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATIOW DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

ass GrnO"FS

Und~5

5-14

1524

25-34

35-44

45M

65 h OVR

Unknown Total ]*,108I 1251734 -67.9 1 172.623 95,652 55.4 238 war AATmsB- STUDY AREA NO. 52

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX. 1957 MTItEd RIRI(44M4ICA MY STUDY AREA NO. 53

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRISUTED SY AGE

SIOUP.

Unds S

Unknown BAST m roRxJRWIIc4 PAX STUDY AREA NO. 53

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WRITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE Total white

NON WHITE ITxrx1 2,173 1 2,438 1 2,m 1 6,568 I 4

WNlTE AND ESTIMATED JEWIW POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

1957 TOTAL MALE FEMALE .GE 1 Ge0U-s ,.L",,H

,EW**H ."\TS ,

OF WHITE BROOKLYN Total and E!timoted Jewish Population 0% o Percent Change Over I930 oundodes: Spring Creek,J&ca Bey,Presh Creek Basin,Vortman Av., hisana Av.,HegemM Av., Van Sinderen Av.,-ont Av.,Alabama Av., Broadway, Granite St.,Central Av., Long Island Railroad ------. STUOY AREA NO. 54 Per.-8 Choog.

Total and Estimotrd Jewish P.pulotion 0% a Percent Chong* Over 1930 ornda.i.s: Binadale St., Jenaica Bsy, Paerdegat Basln,Ralph Av., Church Av.,Rwaen Av.,Av. A, Begeman Av.,hieana Av.,Umtmm Av., Yilli~St. PYLTURDB-TX STUDY AREA NO. 54

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

JEW,," A. PERCENT OF TOTAL Under 5 53.2

65 h OYR

Unknom FIA'IUNDS~IE STUDY AREA NO. 54

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POLULITIOU (923 190 1940 19% 1957 1975 TOW ppulatim xxx Y,O* 38,u 47,033 50,000 TotslJnrish 4,400 15,900 17,720 20,476 28,000 28,500 -P~rcrnt xxx ""60.0 1 57.1 51.0 59.5 57.0 WHITE Totnl white

Netive born Fmiv ban

Total xm 76 New 1.1, 66 3,140 0th" nr 10 ll

WNlTE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957 TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

JE"8." TOTAL ,El,.* .O.YL I,,. * .O.YL.II.* A'pEmFE*T *0- 707.L

65 & Over

rUnder 5

Unknown BAY RmCg STUDY AREA NO. 55

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND WON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPYLA710N ,923 i9a I%O IPS 1957 1975 ~otalpoplatia. zxx 158,650 173,835 174,263 1%)345 155rm TO~IJN~~S~5,200 9,028 7,441 4,857 7,537 5,900 percent I xxx 5.7 4.3 2.8 4.5

WHITE

Total Jcvnsh

Native born

I NON WHITE- I ~01.1 111 178 315 271 597 xxx Negm x~~ 87 255 144 416 1.. 0th~ 1x1 91 60 127 181 xm WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 BROOKLYN ------. STUDY AREA NO. 55 I 1 1

I Total and E.limotrd Jewish Populm~ion rns o Percent Change Over 1930 I ( ~~~~d~~~~,:14th Av.,Cropsey Av.,Bey 8, Gravesend Bqy,Th. Narrws, I I Shore Pkvy. ,2nd Av.,~ Av. ,56th St. ,7th ~v.,60th St.,6th Av., I I 62nd St., Iang Island Railrod, 62nd St.,Port Emilton Phvy., \ 55qh_~t., 13th AV.~P~JL~~~AV., 65th---- st. STUDY AREA no. 56 t - Percml Chsnpe --I

Total and Estimated Jewish Papulatian 0, 0 Percent Change Over 1930 Bounde,i.,:Gravesend Bay,Bey 8th St.,Cropsey Av.,lbth ~v.,65th St.,Rw Utrecht ~v.,58th St.,l&h Av.,55th St.,l9th ~v.,47th St.,L*Dmld ~v.,l8th Av.,Ccean -Av.,Poster Av.,Coney I. Av.,Av. N,E.Tth St.,Av. 0, Ccean Pkvy.,Av. P,Bay-p-my378th St.,23rd &v2p9sey Av. .24th 5, - ~~T STUDY AREA NO. 56

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE rUnder 5

45-64

65 & Over

JSII." .,PE,,CENT OF TOTAL Under 5

1 Unknom ~~ STUDY AREA NO. 56

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE. AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE Total while "1 170,052 &,296 1 8 Tot.1 Jewish 45,100 76,439 78,903 percent xxx 42.8 33.7 11, Native bom 102zit i049,2lO 136,43& xu UOI Foreig. xxx 68,638 65,086 56,285 UOI N

YOU WYlTF

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 19n (WAvEsEm STUDY AREA NO. 57

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

.Or eIOYP.

U.der 5

614

IS24

2534

45-64

65 b Over

Unknow

Tobl WAvEmiD STUDY AREA NO. 57

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NOW-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

-O-YLAT,ON ,923 rsa 10- ISSO 1957 1975 Total populatiw xxx 86,378 95,550 102,361 102,294 105,000 Total Jewish 4,300 46,P2 47,Y6 49,008 51,288 491900 Pnecat 1x1 53.5 49.3 47.9 50.1 47.5

1 Total white xxx 86,154 95,230 101,973 102,054 Total Jewish 4,300 46,212 47,Y6 49,008 51,288 49,w 1 pcrmt xxx 53.6 49.5 48.1 50.3 xxx Native tern xxx 52,916 63,506 74nY4 xxx xxx 331238 31,724 27,859 xxx ==

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 BROOKLYN ,------. I STUDY AREA NO. 57 I I Plrrenl Chmnge I I

I Tatal ond Est~mated Jewtsh PO~YI~~IOIIas D Percrnl Chonpe Over I930 1 I Bounda.n*s. Gravesend Bey, 24th Av.,Cropsey Av.,23rd Av.,78th St., I I Bay Parhey, Av. P, Ocean Parhey, E. 7th St., Av. A, Coney I Island Av., Share Parhey, Gravesend Bey I ------I STUDY AREA NO 58 P~crmlChat+.

I I I I I I

...... I To,.l Popul.llon ...... EII.JIIIS~ POP.' I I

Total and Eslimat.d Jewish Papulatian as a Percent Change Over I930 Boundori*.: Rackavey Inlet, Gerriteen Av., Aostrand Av., Wentin Roed, E.28th St., Av. R, Coney Ialand Av., Av. H, E.17th Av., ----Av. I, Paeredgat Basin,---- Jemaica Bqy ------255 ~D~ PARK STUDY AREA NO. 9

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

Under 5

45.64

65 k 0-

Uakaow

JEW,," mD-tURRfB PARK STUDY AREA NO. 58

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

NON WHITE t- 857 1 WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1957

.GE

OF WHITE ---- 9-BBRD BAY STUDY AREA NO. 59

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

65 b Over

rUnder 5

Unknown SBEEPSBEllD BRY STUDY AREA NO. 59

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE xxx

54.3 I.. xxx 14,613 17,531 16,454 xxx 1-

1 .UnY. - .. YYlTF...... - "1-1 9'. '1 ah= xxx 153

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

I957 TOTAL FEMALE AQE L.10YVS JEW,," ,6*11* A3 -"m'r >sw,,- WW,TE ,S",S" PO.. PERCENT n=w",7= BROOKLYN re_------. I STUDY AREA NO. 59 I I I P-rr-8 thonl. I 1

I Totol and Estimated Jcrish Populalion 0s a Pcrctnl Change Ortr 1930 I ' B0unda.i-s: Sheepshead Bay, hona Av., Neptune Av.. Coney Island I ' Av., Av. R, ~28thSt., Guentin Road, Gerritsen Road, Sheeps- I head Bay I ------I STUDY AREA NO. 60 Perrev? Chow. . I 60. _ I iI I I .' I 1 40-. .- I ...... t

I lolo1 Powl.,.on I I ...... Er,.J.-,,h Pop.- I I I I I -X) 1 I 1930 1940 1950 I957 1975 I I I

Total end Estimated Jcrish Population 0% a Percen, Chonll* Ortr 1930 8oundori.r: Oriental Beach,Wattan Beach,Brighton Beech,Atlmtic Ocean, Seagate Av., Northern Point, Lindburgh Park,&avesend ----Bay, Shcre Parkway,---- Neptune Av., Sheepshead---- Bay --- I 261 COREY ISIAADAWEAWILRHATTAA BgACH STUDY AREA W. 60

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

SROYP.

Under 5

15.24 1 25-34 35-44

45-64

65 & Ovo

Unknown

Tola1

Unknown mmIS~~TMII mCH STUDY AREA NO. 60

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE ~otalwhite 59,526 76,651 80,532 72,308 111 TotalJewish 34,800 46,589 53,392 55,186 44,659 57,000 P-t - 78.3 69.7 61.8 xxx Native born xxx 331697 451515 53806e2 xrx 111 Faeia ba. xrx 25,829 31,136 27,505 m xxx

NON WHITE Tohl m 732 1 1.406 1 1.285 1 2.403 1 r=x

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 IllAG ISIAM) CITI-8UIIWYSIDB STUDY AREA NO. 71

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

JEW,," .s .s PErnCSNT OF TOTAL 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

65 b Over 5.5 7.1 5.5

Under 5

65 h. Over

Unknown KING ISIAAD CrrYSJNNEIDE STUDY AREA NO. 71

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPYLATnOW 1923 19m 1940 1950 1957 1975 ~ots~populstim xxx 57,258 82,968 67,871 83,357 Total Jewish 1,000 3,135 8,254 9,341 11,737 ll,h Percent xxx 5.5 9.9 10.6 14.1 14.3

WHITE Total white x 57,004 82,457 86,702 78,126 .XI. TotalJewish 1,000 3,135 8,254 9,341 14737 11,403 Percent IXX 5.5 10.0 10.8 15.0 xxz Native born xxx 39,583 601991 67,028 xxx zzz Foreign born xxz 17,421 21,466 19,674 111 xxx

NON WHITE ~ota~ XI. 254 5u 1,169 5r 231 IXI New xxx 212 461 1,073 5,063 IXI ma XU 42 50 % 168 XU WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

TOTAL FEMALE GR0U-s ,EW,SH

""ITC >C",,H ,Ell,* POP. PERCENT "*'TE OFYYITE QUEENS I Total ond Estimated Jewish Population 0% o Percent Chongc Ore. 1930 I I Boumdori.~: EBgt River, 41st Av. Extension, Vernon Blvd.,40th Av., I I 21st St., 41st Av., 29th St., Northern Blvd., Wocdside Av., I 69th St., Maurice Av., Manpeth Av., Page Place I ------J STUDY AREA NO. 72 Percol, Chow*

I I I I I 50- . I

2%.

...... I I Er,. J.-,.h Pep.- I I -25 I I I I 1930 1940 1950 1957 I975 I I I Total ond Estinotvd Jewish Population 0s 0 Percent Chqnge Over 1930 Boundori..: Egat River, &en St., 45th St., 318t AY., 518t St., Northern Blvd., 40th Road,29th St., 41st Av., 21st St., 40th Av., Vernon Av., 41st Av. hrtension, Egat River .------267 ABTORU STUDY AREA NO. 72

TOTAL AMD ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

5-14

15-24

25-34

35-44

4544

65 k Over

Unknown

Tobl -- ASrnRI.4 STUDY AREA NO. 72

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

1940 19W 1957 1975 Totel population xxx 152,020 163,~~174,805 176,448 180,000 Total Jewish 4,300 ll.649 10,96l 13,259 22,414 25,700 LPercent xx , 7.7 6.7 7.6 12.7 14.3 WHITE Total white 151,607 162,809 173,824 171,685 111 Total Jewish 4,300 ll,649 10,961 13,259 22,414 25,700

-3.7Native born 99,272 112,949 6.7 129,1967.6 xxx13.1 xxx1x1 Foreia bnn 52,335 kgJ& 44,628 1.x. IUL 1 1 NOH WHITE 417 1 708 1 zm67__Ixxx

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

1957

ACE TOTAL MALE FEMALE CSlO"?,

JEW,#* "",7E JS",,"

OF *MITE UO(II)SIDE, JAWSOU BEIOBfS, EIBXJMT STUDY AREA NO. 73

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

I4546 1 65 & Over I 1 Unknown

1950

AGE GrnOUrnS

~ ~~ ~ under 5 1,8227 9.6

4564 51,830 5,158 10.0 I 6S'Lher 14,704 ' '1,494 10.2 Unknown i I

TOI~I 208,660 20,469 9.8 - --- -1 -- --- 1 -- - no WWDSmE ,JACWON BBIOBTS, BMFWF'ST STUDY AREA NO. 73

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND HOH.WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

1 WHITE 1 Total white IXx142,213 172,931 196,903 187,721 xxx TotalJewish 3rm 7,573 13,598 20,469 41,094 66,700 Percent xxx xxx Native born x.. l00,565% 128.17% 152',O& x2-9 zxx Foreign bonn xxx 41,523 44,757 43,935 xxx xxx

- Total xxx I 3,143 4/34 =,7fl 19,376 .XI Negro xxx 3,010 4,490 L1,460 18,931 xxx Other xxx 133 154 297 445 XU WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

I Totol ond E,t~mot.d Jernsh Pnpulnt~~nor o Perrent Chonge Over 1930 ( B~~~~ a,,.,: Flushing Bey, 114th St., 44th Av., 111th St., C0r0na 1 Av., Horafe Harding Blvd., Junction Blvd., 56th Av., 85th St., 55th Av., &th St., Calamus Av., 69th St., Woodside Av., ----55th St., 31et Av., ----Hobart St.,30th Av.,llazen---- St.,Esst River - - STUDY AREA NO T4

...... -..a. ..- ...... -..- ..a- .- .* .. .+ .+ ..f...... Tm.1 Pe~~lof~on..- E%,.Je-m,h POP - I I940 1950 1957 I975

Tolo1 ond Estinottd Jerlrh Population a, Percent Change Over 1930 B~,,~~~~~,,:Crmd Central Parkway, 78th Crescent, Kev Gardens Road, Lefferts Blvd., Metropolitan Av., Woodhaven Blvd., 86th St., 60th Ave., 57th Ave., Haspel St., 56th Av., Junction Blvd., Horsce Aardin~Blvd,------273 POREST HILIB, REm PAm STUDY AREA NO. 74

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

15-24

2b34 j 354 I 4561

65 & Over 1I Unknown

.- 0s 70T.L Under 5

( 65 b Over Unknown mmHTLTB, RgOO PAm STUDY AREA NO. 74

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

LpnpuLaTtoN1 iii 1 19- 1 1963 I957 I975 TO~OIpopuIatio. 26,025 44,177 82,657 130,000 1 ll0,%5 Tolo1 J~sirh 1,364 9,783 34,548 73,462 86,100 Percent 22.1 41.8 66.2 66.5

1 WHITE I

Total Jewish 1 Percent 1 Native born

Total

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX. 1957

1957 TOTAL MALE FEMALE AGE 1 GROYL, I ,E.,,,H JE.8," 1s "MtTE ""ITE JE",," "",.% ,e"*sH -00. PLRCCNT OF WHITE I 1- HIDDLE YILIAm-GLENDALF STUDY AREA NO. 75

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

4564

65 R Over

( Unknown MIDDLE YILIAGE-(;IENDALG STUDY AREA NO. 75

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPu~llloN 1923 190 1940 19Y) 1 1957 1975 xxx 37,635 52,626 56,837 60,412 70,000 3,900 5,910 5,ZOl 5,824 7,492 10,000 xxx 15.7 9.9 10.2 12.4 14.3

WHITE

Percent Native born x11 ..I

NONWHITE Total xxx 35 40 U4 105 XI= Negm XI. 32 33 53 XU DIhn xxx 3 7 61 g0l5 1 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 QUEENS ------, I STUDY AREA NO. 75 I 1 I I P..r.n, Chang. I

1 I Total ond Eltimated Jewish Population ol a Percent Chmng. Over 1930 I I I Soundorits: WoOdhaven Blvd., Metropolitan Av., S. Park Lane, Park I I Lane, Borough Line, Myrtle Av., 73rd Place, Metropolitan Av., I I 69th St., Calmus Ave.,---- 84th St., 55th Ave.------I STUDY AREA NO. 76

P.lC."t Ch.9. I--I -...-...... - I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I

Total and Estinot.d Jewish Populalion 0% o P.rccnt Chong= Over 1930 Boundori..: ~astRiver, Page Place, Maapeth Av., Maurice Av., 69th St., Metropolitan Av., 73rd Place, Myrtle Av., Boundary, East ----River ------i 279 IIIDCWRX)D-MRG~ STUDY AREA NO. 76

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

AGE GROUPS

Under 5

65 (1 Over

Unknown

Tobl

TOTAL A, PERCENT POP"LAT,ON OF TOTAL POPULATION r-Under 5

65 R Over ~OD-HRGm STUDY AREA NO. 76

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARE0 WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

1957 TOTAL MALE FEMALE AGE I GFtOUP, ,SW,," ,EW,,M AS w",rE **'TE ,EW,,M WW8TS JEWLSM -OF. PERCENT OF WHITE COLmZ mIRP--TOHE STUDY AREA NO. 77

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

~ --

JLIIS*

4,371 102 5,305 2.7 4,288 101 2.4 5,275 140 2.7 4,648 no 2.4 6,609 2.7 2.7

Under 5

Unknown

Total COIZEGE porn-YHITESTOAE STUDY AREA NO. 77

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS. FOR SELECTED YEARS

-oruL.llo* lgps 1920 1944 19W 1957 1975 ppp Total popuhtim xxx 25,377 31,645 36rn8 36,718 95,000 Tolsl Jewish 600 595 844 1,481 23,713 36,100 Percent XI= 2.3 2.7 4.0 38.8 38.0

WHITE TOL.I while 25,237 31,546 36,590 60,784 1x1 Tohi Jewish 600 595 844 1,481 23,713 36,100 Percent xn 39.0 xxx Native born xn 255~1 3O:& xxx IXX Fneia ban xxx 36,082 5,997 6,149 xn nx NON WHITE - Total 140 99 128 320 xn l3.3 83 lW 202 xn 4 16 19 U8 XIX WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AN0 SEX. 1957 QUEENS ------. STUDY AREA NO. n I I Perrrnl Change I I

300..

225. . I 150. I . I I

1.10, Pop1.,,." ...... E.<.J.r,,h Pop. -

1930 1940 1950 1957 I975

I Total and Estimated Jewish PD~U~D!;D~os 0 Percen~Change Over 1930 1 I Boundaries: 26th Av.. Francis Levis Blvd., %side Iane, 29th Av., I I Bayside Av., mion St., Uillet's Point Blvd., Parson's Blvd., I I East River ------I STUDY AREA NO. 78 t ----Parcnl Chmnge ---i

Tot01 ad Estimated Jerixh Population 0% .a Percent Change Over 1930 Boundari*jlmhin#By,Phd Av.,l30th ~t.,20th Av.,Param'a BlWd.,Vllltt'S Point Bird.. uoio. st.,-ia. Av.,Wh Av.,Bynide L.otJr.neis win BlWd.,llatbcro BlWd..AnhYm- d.lc me,P*gem Medm Rd.,Wlerhlll ~v.,lSltb St.,- Av.,Roe Av.,Ptci Av.,Byrd St., -ry&a.,Ptck A"..- A>.L3-*-St..l. ikmwted +~iE.gushina Rl~r,Plusb2R_Bgy 235 PLVSHIIIG STUDY AREA NO. 78

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Under 5

514

1624

2534

3544

4564

65 b Over

Unknovm

Tohl

Under 5

5-14

15-24

25-?=I

35-44

4664

Unknown FLOBHIBG STUDY AREA NO. 78

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

Native barn

NON WHITE

OU-n ll4

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 MY9IDBDAMIID wm5m STUDY AREA NO. 79

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

0mO"Ps CUadn 5 5-14

1524

2534

65 & Over

Unknom

r-Under 5 BRYsIDBaAI(IAND wmma STUDY AREA NO. 79

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE. AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

Total populstio. xxx 58.773 91,251 100,000 Total Jewish 400 7,200 39,030 47,500 percent 111 4.6 5.0 12.3 42.8 47.5

1 WHITE I L Total while xr 15,951 28,829 57,993 89,439 XII Total Jewish 400 760 1,463 79200 39.030 4795a Perceot xxx 43.6 1x1 Native born xxx 12,hf 23. @ 49f:d xxx 1x1 Fneip born xxx 3,377 4,923 8,950 x, 111

NONWHITE ~ota~ xxx 457 692 780 1.812 1x1 New IIX 427 601 682 1,581 111 0th- xxx 30 85 98 231 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 QUEENS ,------. I STUDY AREA NO. 79 I I I Percent thong* I I I I

400 ..

300 .. I I I 200 ., I I I I I 100 -- Total Populotlon ..-.-. E,,.J.-1hP.0.- 0

I Totol and E,limoted Jrvi,h Population .S .a Percent Change Over 1930 I I Boundat,.,: Little Neck Bay,Cross Island Pkwy.,Douglaston Pkwy.,Drand I lCentrel Pkwy.,93rd St.,Union Wnpike,Francis Levis Blvd.,Amsce I 1 Aarding Blvd.,Utopia Pkvy., 174th St. ,Fresh Mdv. Ln. ,Auburndele Lane, I h Av.,Bell ~v.,28th---- Av.,Little Nk.Bay--- (

P~rrrntChm-.

I I I I

I To,.! Popllml#on .--... Ex,., h Pop.- I ..I. I I I

Toto1 ond Esrqmotcd Jewish Populotlon 0% a Percent Change Over I930 Boundari.,: Prsncla Icrla Blvd.,Uhlm honplke,l93rd St.,GrMd Central Pkl)r.,@th Rmd, 19- St..YcLaughlin Av.,l=h St.,Drsnd Crntrlll Ph.,78tb G-ewcnt,Grand Centrd Pknl..Emre wing Blrd.,Eldcr Av.,B@ St..Peck As.,Roae Av.,W Ar.,lBtll St.. Underhill Av..?resh Mead- Iane,17bth St.,UtqI. Ph.,Bmre Wirg Blvd. .------291 cmTPAL- STUDY AREA NO. 80

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1 65 b Over

Under 5

5-14

1524

2534

3544

4564

65 11 Ovn

Unknown

Tatel cmlmL.PLTEEAs STUDY AREA NO. 80

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOW-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, I957

1957 TOTAL MALE I FEMALE GROUPS I

OF IH171 mDEAm-AIcBK,m HILL STUDY AREA NO. 81

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1 65 b Over

Unknown

Total WOODHR.VE'J3ICEKJIID HILL STUDY AREA NO. 81

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

Percent

Totots1 white Totnl Jewish Perrent Native bDtn Fmign hn

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1757

. ------. STUDY AREA NO. 81 I I

I Torol ond Estimolrd Jewish Populalion ar o Percent Chonpe Over 1930 I I Boundaries: Elderts Lane, Park Lake, South Park Me, Metropolitan ' Av., Letierts Blvd., Atlantic Av., Elderts Lane I 1 I ------i STUDY AREA NO. 82 P~rrsaChow. tI 12& - I I I I I I I

...... I I T.l.1 P.pul.,,on ...... I E.*.J.-,.h Pop.- I I I 1930 1940 1950 1957 1975 I

Tolol ond Estinaled Jewish Population or o Percent Change Ore! 1930 B~~~~~,~.,:Lefferte Blvd., Kew Gardens Rd, Vnim Turnpike, Grand Central Parkway, Radnor St., l&d St., J-ica Ave.. Farmers Blvd., Baisley Blvd., Rmkaway Blvd., 143rd St., RoCh Blvd., ----Van Wyck Expressw%>-t& Ave., 130th St.L&tl_antic Ave.. --- i En JAmICA-LK)(FPB JAmICA STUDY AREA NO. 82

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

IUnder 5

Unknown JAMAICA-80UTB JAWICA STUDY AREA NO. 82

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

NOH WHITE xxx 9,524 14,265 29,565 52,817 xxx xxx 9,412 14,191 29,336 52,369 xn XXX ll2 74 229 448 x* WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1957

GROUPS TOTAL zm>S",,H I*l.E Ar-''* ,EW,S" -0.. PERCENT "*'" OFWHITS YILIAGB-BDLLI99T. ALBRNS STUDY AREA NO. 83

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

ll, 432 671 8,201 479

65 & Over

Unknown 0- YILIAa-BDmaT. ALMm STUDY AREA NO. 83

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 19n

,------. 1 STUDY AREA NO. 83 I I I Perren#Choq. I

I Total ond E~lrlh.ted J~wosh P~~~l~tion0% a Percent Change Over I930 I 1 Boundo.i..: Dalny Road, Rsdnor St., Grand Central Parkvw,Braddock I ( A=., Cettysburg St., 9lrd Road, 239th St., Nev York City I Boundary, Linden Blvd., Pmers Blvd., Rolliti Ave., J&ca I ---Ave2 AVOn Ave. ------STUDY AREA NO. 84 Percnl Chonl.

1 .... I I ... I --I ...... I :I;).. I :I;).. ..a. .. .*-, . ...., , I .a. .a. .. .-.f 300 ...

I 1W .... I T .,.I P.(..,.,,.,n I ...... €$~.J~-~shPOP.- I I I 0 I 1930 I940 1950 1957 1975 I

Total and Estimated J~W~S~Population a Plrcent Change Orer 1930 Boundori.~: City Boumdary, 239th St., 93rd Road, Gettysburg St., Braddock Av.,Sprin@ield Blvd.,Grand Central Pkvy.,DoUglastCdI .----Pkvy.,Alley Road Pkvy.---- ,2031-3 St, ,Northern---- Blvd., City Line --- 303 muwmn, lmrrs m~,BELIBROSE STUDY AREA NO. 84

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

I 1 Unknown ( ---- DOUrJA6Ti)N. LJTPLE NECK, BELLROSE STUDY AREA NO. 84

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

1 WHITE I Total white 18,152 26,433 59,562 78,803 IIX Total Jewish 1W 159 236 6,m 31,525 38,500 P-l )00( 40.0 born Native ... 14.z ~~"44% 42% .rr~~~~~~ 1 Fmeignbmo I rrr 1 3;881 1 4;984 7;533 1 XXX IXI I NON WHITE 1 Total xxx 3M) 354 559 1 8% 1~1 Negro XXX 286 331 457 701 xxx 0th- xxx 14 23 102 149 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, I957 RICBK)I1D EJILS. OZOW PI[.-W3W BEACH STUDY AREA NO. 85

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Uode. 5

65 b Over JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NOW-WRITE POPULATIONS. FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE

Percent Native born xxx

NOH WHITE 318 290 276 42 50 WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 QUEENS STUDY AREA NO. 85 I Percen! Chonpe I 1

I Total and E~tonmtrdJernsh Population 03 0 Percent Change Over 1930 I ~~~~d or,.. Atlantic Av., 130th St., 94th Av.,Van Wyck Expresswey, I Fcrh Blvd.,143rd St.,l20th Av.,lbbth St.,Rockawey Blvd.,Air- port Boundary, Atlantic Ocean,Rw York International Airport, ----East River ------STUDY AREA NO 86

I I I 450_.

300- .

I ...... Tolo1 Populollon .... I El, J*r,rh Pop I - I 1930 1940 1950 I957 1975 I

Tolal ond Estimated Jcrish Popvlolion as 0 Percent Change Over 1930 B0undori.s: Baisley Blvd., Linden Blvd., City Line ------! 3cg ~~GFIELDcwmm, uumrnri, FICSEWLE STUDY AREA NO. 86

TOTAL AID ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATIOM DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

514

1524

2531

3s44

45-64

65 L Ovn

Unboum

Totnl

Under 5

15-24

2534

35-44

4564

65 0. Over

Unknown SPRING- CAADENB, MESLTON, ROSEIlRLB STUDY AREA NO. 86

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND WN-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

I PO-UL'T~OW 19s Ism i ISSO I957 I975 1 Total ppuhtio. /r 33,771 53rTl9 67,408 80,784 105,000 TotalJevish 1,000 3,556 7,722 14,599 19,330 24,930 percnt 10.5 14.4 21.7 23.9 23.7

1 WHITE 1

NONWHITE 351 507 12,721 xxx 3% 446 12,584 111 13 I 61 137 111 WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957 ROCKAWAY STUDY AREA NO. 87

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

194l

,E",,H ,E",,H G~OUPS TOT-L ,E.tS"19P T0T.L JE"8," ^"'"""' .OF"L.,,ON .OP"L.,,O" .O." 0. ..."..,,ON r ':,':"6,;' ..., 0- TOTAL Under 5 2,785 1,218 43.7 2.580 1,194 46.3

3544

45-64

65 & Over

Unknowm 1 5 45.5 ---- YTotal 34,936 18,040 51.6 38,793

,Under 5

1 Unknown RCCMLUAY STUDY AREA NO. 87

JEWISH PoPuLATlon COMPARED WITH TOTAL. WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

POPUL'T10" ,923 19% 19- 19s 1957 1975 Totalpapu~ation rrr 34,936 38,793 51,103 64,314 105,000 TotalJewish 18,200 18,040 18,094 24,930 29,605 4589 Percent %XI 5.1.6 46.6 48.8 46.0 43.8

I WHITE I ~ota~white zzx 33,023 36,652 47,646 56,779 I- TotalJewish 18,200 18,040 18,094 24,930 29,605 45,900 Percent 52.1 xxx Natiw born "'xxx 22% 2&tk xrx xxx Foteign bnn rxx 9,311 8,506 9,168 xu mx

MOM WHITE Total xxx 1,913 2,141 3,457 7,535 xxx New XI. 1,882 2,125 3,404 7,440 xxx Other rxx 31 16 53 95 1- WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

45-64 12,918 6,709 51.9 ] 6,422 3,355 6,496 3,354 65 h @er 4,726 2,470 52.3 2,178 1,143 2,548 1,327 Unknown I Tdal 56,179 29,605 52.1 28,096 14,654 28.683 14,951 QUEENS ------STUDY AREA NO. 67 Perm? Chow*

200. .

150

100- -

50. . 1ov.1 Popl.,,on .... ESI.J,.~,~ Pop., 0 1930 I950 1957 1975

I Totol and E,llnated Jerlrh Population or a Perrent Change Over 1930 I Boundori*8: Per Rockavay, Richond. I I ET. mRGE STUDY AREA NO. 91

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISU POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

193 1957

J!z.,," Irl,." CIOYP. TOllL ,E",S" TOTAL JEIII* .O."L..,ON ,.O."L.T,O. ^',.'Yo:::' .O."L..,O" ,.O."L..DO" .;.'y::"= Under 5 6,033 132 2.2 142 2.8

7,875 171 2.2 9,191 257 2.8

1524 9,048 196 2.2 7,955 221 2.8

10,694 234 2.2 8,487 235 2.8

9,091 199 2.2 8,479 241 2.8

13,390 294 2.2 1%78l 395 2.9

4,896 uo 2.2 51469 159 2.9 ---- 1 61,027 1,336 2.2 58,478 1,650 2.8 316 BT. ammx STUDY AREA NO. 9l

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NONWHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

Total and Estima$rd Jewish P~.~~l~tionor a Percent Change Over 1930 I Boundnrir.: Ki88e1 Av., Kill Van Kull, Vppr Nw York Bay, HcCogan I Av., Sand Lane, Fingerboard, Richcod Rd, Prince St., Clove I, Rd, lrma Place, E!ard-- --Av., Henderson Av.---- STUDY AREA NO. 92 PIIC.", Change --I

Total and Estimated Jewish Population as g Percent Chonpe Over 1930 Boundori.,: Shooters Is.,Ki11 Van Kul1,Kissel Av.,Benderson Av.,Bard Av.,lrma Pl.,Clove Rd.,Forest Av.,Jewett Av.,Post Av.,Ctlnd. St., Shmett Pl.,Lexiugtcn Av.,Catherine St.,Decker Av.,Barrett Av., M$FE St.,Porest Avt,Ei_cpond Av.,Fme~t-A>~?bor Rd.,A~ark-~W-, I 319 PORT RICRHDAD STUDY AREA NO. 92

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE rUnder 5

1 65 & Over

Unknom

rUnder 5

65 h Over

1 Unknown I PORT RumD1ID STUDY AREA NO. 92

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, Anu NOH-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

mOmULAT,ON Is23 ISX) Ism 10s 1957 1975 T&l paplatica zzz 38,533 39,758 41,055 39,551 %000 TO~Ijwirh 1,000 1,132 1,596 l,W 1,966 1,900 Percent zzz 2.9 4.0 3.4 4.0 4.0

WHITE Total while 37,656 38,687 Srm 37,- xn Total Jewish 1.000 1,132 1,M l,W 1,566 1,900 Percent =XI 4.1 m Native born xrx 2~,'3.& 30,973 3% 3 rrr4.2 m Foreigo bnn rxx 9.302 7,714 6~358 xu xu

NON WHITE Tolsl 1x1 @7 1,On 1,73b 2,429 rn New xxx 857 1.059 1,701) 1 2,398 xu Cthn xxx X) 12 30 3 xu WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 199 Nm DOW-sm BIUCH-CamT imm STUDY AREA NO. 93

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE r-Under 5

1 65 h Over

r-Under 5

Unknown ART mRP am mm-mm~rn STUOY AREA NO. 93

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE, AND NON-WHITE POPULATIONS. FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE Total white x xx Total Jewiah 222 1,700 Pe-1 XIX Native born xxx Forrig. ban nr 5,936 xxx I NON WHITE Total xxx 53 44 Nea xzx 37 37 155 OUlr x.. I6 7 IIX

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AM0 SEX, 1957

1957 MALE FEMALE .as TOTAL 1 =no"-, ,E"L,H ,1"1.* I1 w*,TE i*''F >=w,,- WH,TE JEWISW -0.. PERCENT 0FW"ITE - I

,------, I STUDY AREA NO. 93 I I I h Pr,rrn, CLons. h

I Totol ond Est8mol.d Jer8.h Populouon 03 o Pcrcm! Chong* Over 1930 1 I Boundaries: Lmer New York Bw, Rarold Ave., Amboy Road, Richmcnd I I Ave., Richmond Road, Fingerboard Rod, Saod Lane, McGogen Av. I I I I I I bm. - I I I I I I I ($50- -

300 - -

I 150 - ...... I 1m"l Papvl0ton I ...... E~r.JermrhPop.- I ...... I 0 1930 40 1950 1957 I975 I

Total ond Estimated Jewish Population 0% o Pcrrcnt Change 0r.r 1930 ~~~,,d..;.,: Richmond Av., Rocklend Av., Brielle Av., Dudley Av., Anset Av.,Willmbrook Rd.,Uatchogue Rd.,Wooley Av.,Marianne St.,Barrett,' P.v.,Decker Av.,Catherir.e St.,Lexineton Av., ----Sharrett Place, Cortl-ndt St., Post AV~.~Jeveqt Ave. ---. i 325 CEFIFAL RICBK)AD, CASTlElUN, YEST57LEICB STUDY AREA NO. 94

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Unknom

Under 5

El4

15-24

2534

3544

15-64

65 k Over

Unknown

Total IzmmAL RICrnrn, (aslTEmA, ygS~IOH STUDY AREA NO. 94

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND WON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

WHITE

Total while XXX 2,100 xx, Nstive born 111 "xx

NON WHITE Total xxx New xxx Ochcr 1xzx 23711 :i::"ml WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE AND SEX, 1957

1957 MALE FEMALE .GS TOTAL GrnOUP, ,CW,SH ,Cll,* AS **'" ,CW,SH WM8.C ,*",,H POP. PERCENT OF VNITE - I MmER'S BARBOR, PORT IVORY, TRAVIS STUDY AREA NO. 95

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY ACE

.*E SRDUF,

-- Under 5

514

1524

2534

35-44

4544

65 h OYR

Unknoum

Tolal

TOTAL

Under 5

Unknown

Total 1 13,325 ! 70~ m'SHARBOR, FORT IVORY, TRAVIS STUDY AREA NO. 95

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, WHITE. AND NOH-WHITE POPULATIOHS. FOR SELECTED YEARS

Total Josish t 8 70 76 300 Percent --- I 0.1 I 0.5 0.4 1.2

1 WHITE- I Total white xxx 10,638 10,576 12,839 17,527 rxx t Total Jewish --- 8 70 76 300 Percent xxx --- 0.4 xxx Native born xxx 7,199 7%38 1034 xxx xxx Forrip born xxx 3,439 2,838 2,488 xxx xxx

NON WHITE TO&I XD( ~6 134 486 1.945 xxx New xxx 107 128 472 1,912 xxx OUla ux 9 6 14 33 xxx WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE AND SEX, 1957

------STUDY AREA NO. 95 Pe*r.r thoq.

Total and Estimated Jerssh Populalion 01 D Per~e.1 Change Orrr 1930 Bou.dori*.: BuckVheat In., Pralls Is., Brielle Ave., Willonbrook Road, Uatchogue Road, Forest Ave., Barbor Road ------. STUDY AREA NO. 9h P..cL", Ch.-.

Totol ond Estim~tad Jernsh Popvlot~on 0% 0 Percent Change Over 1930 Boundorie.: Fresh Kills, Richmond Creek, Richmond Ave., Amboy Road, Harold Ave., Raritan Bay, Arthur Kill ROSSVILLB-mm SDCONY- TO- STUDY AREA NO. 96

TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

65 h Over 1 894 1 12 1.3 1) 1,188 ll O.9 1 Unknown '0 1.4 1 16,025---- 142 1 0.9 1

Under 5

15-24

Unknown ~~mRTsocorn-- STUDY AREA NO. %

JEWISH POPULATION COMPARED WITH TOTAL, UNITE, AN0 NON-WHITE POPULATIONS, FOR SELECTED YEARS

- PO-YLATOON ,923 1930 1940 19s 1957 1975 Tots1 popvlatioo xxx 15,987 16,025 16,066 17,930 29,000 Total ~evish 100 ~ZQ 142 104 138 300 Percent xxx 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.0

WHITE Total white In 15.631 l51m 15,735 17rm xn Total Jewish 100 220 142 104 138 3x3 Percent xxx 0.8 - Native ban x.. 12,% 13,% 1334 , - Foreign barn xxx 3,258 2,650 2,348 rn xn

NONWHITE

WHITE AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED 81AGE AND SEX, 1957

STUDY AREA North Hempstead, Nassau TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1957 TOTAL MALE FEMALE_ OIOYP. ,.*I.* ,*I,,* I0I.L 1H1.1 IE*l.* 1.z11.H LO.YL*.IO* ..PYL..,O* .L"C.*..~,,CL*, **'~~ .-,.= 0. TOTAL FWHITL -- -. l91l53 5,360 27'2 28.0 1 unsn s 19,674 I'9,779 2,740 9,374 2,620

pOPYL..Io~ 1957 197s 1 mO.YL..I~w 1957 I on Total population 26369 225,000 1 Total white 198.651 xxx Total Jewish 55,600 OL,[XK) 1 Total Jewish 55,600 bl,WO Percenl 27.0 27.1 Petcent rxz

STUDY AREA OYSTW BAY AAD GLEN COVE Cm, WSSAU TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWII POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

1957 Y FEMALE A~I TOTAL MALE I ."OYP.

T0l.L **11. ,c*,.* >=*I.* .eL"L.IID* ...YL..I.* **,..

STUDY AREA Eempetesd, Naf TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPU ATION DISTRIIUTED BY ACE

1957 TOTAL MALE .0. - - O"0V.S ,..I.* ,E*I,* 7Ol.L b.",.' 1SWI." .s a. -mruL.rtow POPVL~TIO* PO.. -LIC.*T PLICCMI OF TOTllOT1H111- 79,579 25,400 32.8 Undn 5 77,549 31.9 150.266 48,290 5-14 147,351 32.1 32.8

15-24 61,745 58,746 19,210 31.1 32.7

25-34 100,682 96,929 31,700 31.5 32.7

35-44 123,348 119,977 39,370 31.9 32.8

45-64 130,126 126,935 41,540 31.9 32.'

65 &eer 39,487 38,976 12,790 32.4 32.8

-OPUL.TIOW 1927- (975 .OPUL.T#O- 1957 197s Tolal pmlatl~ 685,233 845.000 Total while 666,463 xxx Total Jewish 218,300 256,000 TOI~IJewish 218,300 256.000 Percent 31.9 30.3 Pcrccnl 32.8 XXX SUFFOLK

Central Section Western Section STUDY AREA Suffolk-Eastern Section TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

POPULATION POPUL&~>OW 195: (975 - 1957 1975 - Total papvlstion 58,605 94,000 Total white 52.718 xix Total lewish 900 1,200 Total Jewish 900 1,200 Pereenl 1.5 1.3 Percent 1.7 1x1

STUDY AREA Suffolk-Central Section TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

STUDY AREA Suffolk-Western Section TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

Total Jewish I 12,400 1 20,000 11 Total Jewish 1 12,400 ( 20,000 Percent 1 5.0 [ 5.1 I Percent 1 5.3 I xxx Northern Section STUDY AREA Westchester-Mt. Vernon TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE WESTCHESTER STUDY AREA Westchester-Nev Rochelle TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE WESTCH ESTER STUDY AREA Westchester-White Plains TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE

,OPULATIDN 1957 1975 ! POPULITID* I957 1975 Total pomlatio. 49.570 70,000 1 Total white 44,015 XIX Total Iewish 9,700 13.700 Tohl Jewish 9,700 13,700 Percent 19.6 19.6 Percent 22.0 111 - WESTCHESTER

Northern Section STUDY AREA Westchester-Yonkers TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISN POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE WESTCHESTER STUDY AREA Uestchester-Northern Section TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE WESTCH ESTER

Northern Section STUDY AREA Westchester-Southern Section TOTAL AND ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION DISTRIBUTED BY AGE APPENDIX 2

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACPWISTICS Ca TEE TdAL P-TION,

E4Y RWISED STATISTICAL DISTBICT. 1950 TABLE 1 TOTAL POPULATION BY MAJOR OXUPATION WOW AND DIZl'RICl'. 1950 , .. * Uccupation No. Hankittan Revised Statistical ~i~t~i~t~ Sex or Groups k 1 2 3 4 5 6 Male7.1,557 8,328 9,018 9,219 8,624 12,027 14.9 43.8 15.4 23.8 47.0 41.4 NO. Professional Female 451 5,884 2,193 4,972 4,673 5,692 & lhmgerial $ 10.8 38.5 9.6 22.7 32.9 33.1 Total No. 2,008 14,212 ll. 2ll 14,191 13,297 17,719 $ 13.7 41.5 13.8 23.4 40.9 38.3 No. 1,535 3,571 9,630 6,027 3,505 6,161 Male k 14.7 18.8 16.4 15.6 19.1 21.2 NO- Clerical Female 1,193 5,983 7,100 7,283 4,760 7,048 & Sales 28.5 39.1 31.0 33.3 33.5 41.0 2,728 9,554 16,730 13,310 8,265 13,209 TotalNO. 18.6 g.9 20.5 22.0 25.4 28.5

Hale No. 3,816 3,698 22,977 10,151 2,709 5,109 $ 36.4 19.5 39.2 26.2 14.8 19.6 No- Crdtaonrnsbip Female 2,076 1,996 9,562 5,267 1,650 2,301 & Operators % 49.7 13.1 41.8 24.1 U.6 13.4 Total NO. 5,892 5,694 32,539 15,418 4,359 8,010 $ 40.2 16.6 39.9 25.4 13.4 17.3 f

Ha, No. 3,416 3,034 16,128 12,652 2,997 4,768 k 32.6 16.0 27.5 37.7 16.3 16.4 Private HouseT 419 1,172 3,725 3,971 2,797 1,906 hold, Service, 7' 10.0 7.7 16.3 18.2 19.7 11.1 & Laborers Total NO. 3,835 4,206 19,853 16,623 5,794 6,674 k 26.2 12.3 24.4 27.4 17.8 14.4

Hale 14 21 64 39 18 39 k 0.1 0.1 0.1 .1 .1 .1 Farmers & 2 12 ll 16 11 6 Farm labor 7' 0.05 0.1 0.05 .1 .1 .O Total NO- 16 33 75 55 29 45 $ 0.1 0.1 0.1 .1 .1 .1 ~~~~01133 343 757 658 482 375 5 1. 1.8 1.3 1.7 2.6 1.3 Not Reported ~-1~NO. 39 240 293 355 315 249 & 0.9 1.6 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.4 ~~t~lNO. 172 583 1,050 1,013 797 624 % 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.7 2.4 1-3 me NO-10,471 18,995 58,574 38,746 18,335 29,079 e 1w.o lw.0 1.0 la, IW 100 Total pemrle No. 4,lBO 15,287 22,884 21,864 14,a6 17,232 $ 100.0 100.0 100.0 loo loo 100 Total No.14,651 34,282 81,458 60,610 32.541 46,281 100 loo 100 100 lox - $ 1 TABLE 1 TOTXI, WPUUI'ION BY OCCUPATION AW DI3l%ICT,1950 (continued)

Occupation No Elanhattan Revised Statistical Districts Sex or GFOUDB & 7 8 9 10 1 12

No 2,983 17,462 9,372 9,323 7,735 5,326 $ ' 18.5 21.9 15.1 19.1 14.0 13.6 Clerical NO. pemsle 4,854 18,358 12,U 10,qi 4,341 3,639 & sales $ 36.8 36.4 26.4 26.6 8.8 18.0 No. TOW 7,837 35,820 21,820 19,594 12,076 8,965 $ 26.7 27.5 20.0 22.4 U.5 15.1

Male No. 3,004 14,658 17,483 13,387 18,769 16,676 $ 186 18.4 28.2 27.4 34.0 42.7 No- Craftamanship FBale 1,417 8,507 6,781 10,843 17,M 10,540 & Operators $ 10.7 16.9 14.4 28.1 35.2 52.2 mt.1 No. 4,421 23,165 24,264 24,230 36,217 27,216 $ 15.1 17.8 22.2 27.7 34.6 45.9

We No. 3,500 14,305 13,721 13,192 23,432 12,835 $ 21.7 18.0 22.1 2.7 42.5 32.9 Prinrte House,k4e No* 2,598 10,330 16,893 9,559 24,666 4,227 hold, Service,' % 19.7 20.5 35.8 24.7 49.8 20.9 & laborers Total No. 6,098 24,635 30,614 22,751 48,098 17,062 $ 20.8 19.0 28.0 26.0 45.9 28.8 TABLE 1 TOTAL POPULATION BY OCCUPATION AND DISLaI(;T. 1950 icontinued) . ~. . , Occupation No Man. Rev. Stat. Dist. Bronx Rev.Stat. Dist. Sex or Groups $ 13 14 TOTAL 21 22 23 No 1% Hale 18,452 14631 5, >,OW 20, 5 $ 30.4 30.1 27.3 1 19.3 3?4 Professional No 5,823 332 68,357 1,814 449 4,320 & lgaagerial $ ' 18.0 47.6 19.6 8.8 9.6 17.4 7,249275 488 214,618 7,502 2,546 24,765 ,, 26.0 40.2 24.3 ll.7 16.4 28.8 No Hale 15,515 22 93,167 7,592 2,176 15,636 $ 25.5 4.2 18.3 17.8 20.1 25.5 Clerical NO Female 4,595 44 102,317 7,815 1,772 13,779 k Sales $ ' 46.2 6.3 29.4 36.8 37.8 55.4 No 66 ZW,484 Tow 30,510 15,407 3,948 29,415 $ 32.7 5.4 22.7 24.1 25.4 34.2 NO 17,162 57 150,256 18,328 4,826 19,250 28.2 11.0 28.0 43.0 44.5 31.5 Craftsmanship NO 6,861 16 Female 85,265 7,594 1,962 4,512 & Operators $ 21.2 2.3 24.5 35.7 21.8 18.2 No 24,023 73 235,521 25,922 6,788 23,762 $ 25.8 26.6 40.5 43.7 27.6 No 9,087 272 133,339 10,746 1,676 5,299 15.0 5:g 24-91 25.2 lzi; Private Rouse No 4,455 87,018 3,771 1,945::: -Ie $ 1 hold, service,1 113.7 43.0 25.0 17.7 10.1 Laborers No 3,542 572 220,357 14,517 2,151 7,244 Total$ 14.5 6.0 25.0 22.7 13.8 8.4 I Male No 37 3 518 23 3 44 qb .I .6 .1 .1 -03 .1 Fanners & No 11 '-Ie --- lg3 12 1 14 Fann Labor $ .03 --- .1 .1 .02 Total No' 48 3 711 35 4 ;; $ .1 .2 .1 .1 -03 .1 8 7,923 365 67 529 .8 1.5 1.5 .9 .6 .9 Not Reported No 290 5 4,748 189 34 283 .9 .7 1.4 .9 .7 1.1 13 12,671 554 101 812 .9 1.1 1.4 .9 .7 1.0

Total Female TABLE 1 TdAL POPWXPION BY -ATION A?TD DIslaICP, 1950 (continued)

.6 55.2 54.5

Private House

100 130 100 100 1 TOTAL P~~mBY OCCUPATIOA ARD DImIm, 1950 (continued) - POPmION BY ~A!l'I~AAD DISLRICT, 1950 (emtinued' Occupation Brooklyn Revised Statistical Districts Sex or Grcups % 43 44 45 46 47 48 we 19592 2,316 7,509 4.221 6,032 14,08 10.0 9.3 n.4 12.4 17.2 31.3 Professional 7, Pde 5% 28790 ltOjl 2 4,718 (t Muagerial 7 6.0 6.9 6.0 14.3 m.3 2*5$ 28902 10,299 5,252 8,703 18,747 p,+-,lT* 8.4 9.7 10.3 16.2 27.6

weNOa 3,078 3,570 10,182 5,943 7,7P 10,600 1 15.5 14.4 15.4 17.5 22.0 23.6 Clerical FeDale no, 3,481 3,441 8,830 6,218 8,949 ~,2* & Sales $ 39.0 35.0 21.8 36.4 48.0 44.2 No. 6,559 7r0U 19,012 u,161 16,669 m,8* 22.8 20.2 7. 23.8 3.0 30.7

-1s No 9,969 10 606 30,612 18,267 13,526 13,755 % 53.3 L.7 46.3 53.7 38.5 30.7 Cwtswhi~ FdeN~. 3,692 4,713 16,136 8,$77 4,432 4,360 & Operators $ 41.4 47.8 39.8 53.2 23.8 18.8 p,talN0,13r661 15,329 46,748 26,844 17,958 18.U5 $ 44.0 44.1 43.9 52.6 33.4 26.6 HaleN0.4,m 8,147 16,~i'8 5,262 7,456 5,961 23.4 32.8 25.4 15.5 21.2 13.3 Private House. Fd .NO. 1,108 1,010 12,209 1,U3 2,370 3,614 hold, Service, 12.4 10.3 30.1 6.5 12.7 15.6 &Laborers JOq 5,752 9,157 28,987 6,375 9,826 9,575 k 20.0 26.4 27.2 12.5 18.3 14.1

we I' 18 54 24 19 32 7' .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Farmers 8 Female 2 3 20 4 6 9 Fazm labor $ .02 -03 .05 -02 .03 .04 21 74 28 25 41 .1 .1 .1 -05 .1

Mie NO. 140 202 936 ~33 400 445 Z .7 1.4 .8 1.1 1.0 Not Reported Femsle No 73 $ 510 144 200 259 Z .8 .9 1.3 .8 1.1 1.1 No. 213 289 1,446 412 600 704 $ .7 .8 1.4 .8 1.1 1.0 TABLE TOTAL POPULATI(W mA!l'ION AAD DISTRICP, 1950 (ccotinued) > 1 Occupation Brooklyn Revised Statistical Districts Sex or Croups 49 !X' 51 52 53 54 No. 4,621 11,502 25,556 ~,ol9 8,823 1,985 Male$ 14.5 32.4 37.4 22.6 19.8 19.1 Professional N0.1,016 2,028 6,368 1,669 1,595 240 & wnagerial Female % 8.1 14.3 20.9 9.2 9.0 7.0 NO. 5,637 13,930 31,924 12,628 10,418 2,225 12.7 27.4 32.3 19.0 16.7 16.1

0 5,442 8,355 179878 9,678 8,844 1,865 17.1 22.8 26.2 19.8 19.8 18.0 Clerical No* 5,830 7,365 17,682 8,038 8,659 1,448 & Sales "le$ 46.5 52.1 58.0 45.9 48.6 42.0 NO-ll~272 15,720 35,560 17,716 17,503 3,313 $ 25.4 31.0 36.0 26.7 28.0 24.0

Total

No, 19 23 55 23 32 17 Male $ .1 .1 .1 -05 .1 .2 Farmers & No, 4 2 10 9 3 2 F- Labor % -03 .01 -03 .1 .02 .06 NO. 23 25 65 32 38 19 Total# .1 -05 .1 .05 .1 .1 rll 313 635 420 295 Not Reported

2,535 14,147 30,515 17,517 17, 100 100 100 100

1 'fOTAL -ON BY CCCUPAl'ION AAD DISm(ICT,1950 (continued) occup3tion I I I yzz tzl! Total

t Laborers

kamers & arm Labor TABLE 1 TOTAL FUF'lLU'ION BY OCCUPATIOA AND DISTRICT, 1950 (continued)

Craftsmnnehip

NO. 347 % 224 131 209 246 *Ie$ 1.0 1.0 1.1 .8 1.0 1.6 Not Reported No. 199 82 154 61 90 151 F-e$ 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.4 2.0 NO 546 178 378 192 299 397 1.1 1.2 1.3 .8 1.1 1.7 ~0.36,134 10,322 20,271 17,039 20,714 15,647 we$ 100 100 100 100 100 100 ~otal No15,k21 4,085 9,603 5,682 6,360 7,531 F-e$ 100 100 100 100 100 100 NO 51,555 14,407 29,874 22,721 TOM,$ 27,074 23,178 100 LM,68 100 100 100 100 1 POPULATIOn BY ~ATIORAND DIX'IIICT, L950 (cmtinued)

me 79 39 33 76 50 33 7 .2 .1 .3 .2 .3 .2 Fanners & NO. 9 3 3 13 2 5 Farm Labor % so5 -03 .1 .1 -03 .1 NO 88 42 36 89 52 TOM 38 $ .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 NO 637 239 125 414 142 160 1.6 .9 1.0 1.1 .7 1.2 Not Reported NO. 384 142 75 241 99 61 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.2 NO. 1,021 281 ZW 655 241 221 - Totali$ 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 No .39,122 28,032 13,177 38,746 19,899 13,256 $ 1w 100 1w 100 1w 100 Total No 19,279 11,116 4,158 15,526 6,629 4,988 $ ' 1m 100 100 100 100 100 17,335 54,272 26,528 18,244 -, 100 100 1 100 .1 ----

loo loo loo OCCUPATION AND DISTRI

Craftmanshi TABLE 2 PJPUYLTION DISTRIBWED BY AMlWL IRCONB OF FAMILY OR UNR&IAm JXDIVIDJAL, 1950 TABLE 2 ~FUL4TIONDISTRDWEE BY ANNURL INCOMG OF FAMILY OR UNRELATED INDIVIEWL, 1950 (continued) I I Mahattan Reviaed Statistical district^ l2 13 14 TOTAL

NO. % NO. % NO. % NO. % Under 2,000 29,550 48.4 18,900 24.6 1,430 37.2 342,615 37.8 $2,000-$2,939 14,070 23.0 13,165 17.1 400 10.4 170,880 18.7 $31000-$3,999 7,475 12.2 12,580 16.4 280 7.3 1U.260 12.2 $4.000-$4.999 3,115 5.1 8,810 u.5 105 2.7 57,890 6.3 r- 2,250 3.7 10,735 14.0 U5 3.0 64,180 7.0 665 1.1 4.965 6.5 50 1.3 30.625 3.4 190 .3 2,725 3.5 5 .1 43,580 4.8 ~btReported 3.785 6.2 4,940 6.4 1.455 37.9 91,160 10.1 1' TOTAL 61,000 100 76,820 100 3,840 100 912,390 100 2 Median g1.641 $1,940 $3,308 $1,669 1 $1,670 Bronx Revised Statiltical Districts 1

NO. 6 NO. B NO. B NO. % NO. $ 16,865 31.2 4,020 30.0 13,460 19.2 30,120 37.6 15,095 19.1 U,405 21.1 2,955 22.0 10,020 14.3 17,860 22.3 10,580 13.4 9,985 18.5 2.770 20.7 12,880 18.4 12,695 15.9 14,002 17.7 5,505 10.2 1,495 11.2 9,415 13.5 6,835 8.5 10,820 13.7 4,905 9.1 1,355 10.1 U.430 16.3 5,710 7.1 13,395 16.9 2,055 3.8 375 2.8 4,955 7.1 L9l5 2.5 6,455 8.2 640 1.2 75 0.6 2,990 4.3 535 0.7 3,455 4.4 2,650 4.9 360 2.7 4,760 6.8 4,250 5.3 5,370 6.8 I-=.= TOTAL 54,010 100 13,405 100 69,910 100 79,980 100 79.170 loo 1 Median $2,T73 $2,509 $31706 $2,434 $3,802 1 mFWL4TION DISlltIBUED BY ANNllllL OR -TED INDIVIDUAL, 1950

26 27 28 29 30 Amusl Inme NO. NO. % NO. % NO. 2,830 16.0 14.1 2,645 18.2 2,493 9,160 18.4 3,015 17.0 ;;% 13.7 2,230 15.3 875 9,875 19.9 4,345 24.5 8,805 m.6 3rlm 21.5 1,245 $4;000-$4,999 6,150 12.4 2,735 15.4 6,940 16.2 2,275 15.7 1,130 $5,000-$6,9S9 6,375, 12.8 2,730 15.4 8,5m 19.9 2,130 14.7 1,525 $7,000-$9,999 1,185 6.7 3,390 7.9 1,015 7.0 1,215 $10.000 & Over 350 2.0 1,325 3.1 395 2.7 780 Not Reported 2,335 535 3.0 1,900 4.4 725 5.0 765 TOTAL 49.705 100 17.725 100 42.830 100 14.535 100 10.025

W 4 Median $3,203 $3,633 $3,967 " $3,651 $4,002

Median $3,750 $2, 500 $2,536 $2,630 1 TABLE 2 POFWIATION DIBTRTWPPgD BY AAI(WL OR IJWXU'IED ItIDISTUAL, 1950 I Brooklyn Revised Statistical Districts 1

NO. % NO. $ no. $ NO. $ no. $ Under $2,000 5,690 25.7 10,990 35.0 36,995 39.0 U,920 28.3 13,995 30.6 $2,000-$2,999 4,465 23.1 7,7& 24.7 21,560 27.7 8,no m.8 9,360 a.5 $3,000-$3,999 4,900 22.1 5,815 18 14,655 15.4 8,745 2o.8 8,250 lB.0 $4,000-&b4,999 2,900 13.1 2,535 8.1 6,625 7.0 4,910 u.7 4,380 9.6 $5,000-66,999 2,390 10.8 1,935 6.2 51%5 5.9 4,405 10.5 4,585 10.0 $7,000-491999 895 4.0 690 2.2 1,660 1.7 1,490 3.5 1,970 4.3 $10.000 b 0v1:r a5 .9 140 .4 595.~. .6 3% .9 1.175 2.6 Not .~e~ortcd 715 3.2 1,555 5.0 7,250 7.6 1,450 3.1 2;0% 4.4 T 0 T A L 22,160 100 31,440 LOO 94,925 1M) 42,080 100 45,740 100

I Mrdi a- $3,265 $3,134 $2,828 TABLE 2 FOPllLATION DISTRIBUTED BY ANNURL If039con OF PF%pLY OR UNREIATED INDIVIDWL, 1950 Brooklyn Revised Statistical Districts 53 54 55 56 57 nnual Inca I NO. % NO. % NO. % NO. % NO. % Under $2,000 1 U.455 23.1 1,970 18.5 10.075 18.0 10.085 17.6 5.120 17. $2,00042,999 $3,000-$3,939 $4,@0-$4,939 $5*~4,939 $7,000-$9,999 10,000 & Over

Brooklyn Revioed Statistical Mmtrictn

% 59 60 TOTAL 7l NO. % NO. $ NO. $ NO* $ NO. % Under 2, 000 6,790 15.6 3,910 17.2 8,900 30.2 234,815 26.0 5,445 18.0 $2800042,999 4,915 11.3 2,875 12.6 5,070 17.2 161,275 17.9 5,515 18.2 $3,00043,999 7,490 17.2 4,605 20.2 5,115 17.3 167,225 18.5 6,385 22.1 $4,000-$4,999 6,045 13.9 3,225 14.2 3,155 10.7 102,195 U.3 4,210 14.0 $5,000-$6,999 8,170 18.8 3,960 17.4 3,325 11.3 112,960 12.5 4,510 15.0 $7,@30-$9,599 4,293 9.9 1,885 8.3 1,295 4.4 47.085 5.2 1,805 6.0 0,000 IL Over Not Rsported 1-TOTAL TmE 2 POPUIATION DISTRIBW BY ANNUAL COME OF F LY OR UNRHATED INDIVIDUAL, 1950 ?continued . QUEMS Revieed Statistical Districts

NO. % No. % No. % NO. $ NO. % - Under $2, WO 9,955 17.2 11,945 17.0 4,225 13.8 2,430 14.1 8,OW) 20.1 $2,000-$2,999 10,675 18.4 10,870 15.5 2,335 7.6 2,230 12.9 6,440 16.1 12,835 22.2 13,530 19.3 3~V5 10.7 3,725 21.5 9,305 23.3 $4,000-$4,999 8,635 15.0 91275 13.2 2,990 9.8 2,815 16.3 5,910 14.8 8,395 14.5 11,770 16.7 5,805 19.0 3,200 18.5 5,685 14.2 $7, m-$9,999 3,310 5.7 59445 7.7 4,100 13.4 1,485 8.6 1,945 4.9 $10,000 & Over 1,045 1.8 2,970 4.2 4,800 15.7 540 3.1 655 1.6 Not Reported 3,020 5.2 4,470 6.4 3,050 10.0 870 5.0 1,945 4.9 TOTAL 57,870 100 70,275 100 309580 100 17,295 100 39,925 100

NO. $ NO. B NO. $ NO.- $ NO. $ 1,870 16.4 4,450 18.3 1,705 9.9 1,940 9.2 3,845 20.8 $2,000-$2;999 1,475 13.0 2,855 U.7 1,505 8.7 1,285 6.1 2,455 13.3 $3,000-$3,999 1,870 16.4 3,810 15.6 2,215 12.8 2,395 11.4 3,380 18.3 $4,030-$4,999 1,595 14.0 3,035 12.5 2,855 16.5 2,770 13.2 2,415 13.1 $5,000-$6,999 1,945 17.1 4,2X) 17.3 4,240 24.5 4,850 23.1 2,960 16.0 $7, 000-$9,999 mo 8.5 2,130 8.7 2,225 12.9 2,985 14.2 1,435 7.8 $10,000 & Over 593 5.2 1,375 5.6 1,350 7-8 2,235 10.6 795 4.3 Not Reported 1,070 9.4 2,480 10.2 1,205 7.0 2,575 12.2 1,175 6.4 TOTAL 11,385 100 24,355 100 17,300 100 21,035 1W 18,460 100 Median $3>mo $38954 $4,919 $5,346 $3,693 1 \ TABLE 2 ~PLIIATION DIS~IBUTED BYANNWL INCOME OF FAMILY OR UNR~LATEDINDIVI~L, 1950 (continued) QIIEWS Revised Statistical Districts -...... -.- 82 83 84 85 86 nnual Income ~p NO. % NO. $ NO. % NO. % NO. % Under $2,000 10,595 22.7 3,820 13.5 1,360 10.0 7,385 18.5 2,685 14.1 $2,C00-$2,!39 7,575 16.2 2,835 10.0 1,230 9.0 5,960 15.0 1,955 10.2 $3,000-$3,999 7,700 16.5 5,260 18.5 2,180 16.0 8,405 21.1 3,945 20.7 $49000-849999 5,180 11.1 4,645 16.4 2,165 15.8 5,950 15.0 3,250 17.0 $5,000-$6,999 6pU5 13.1 59750 20.3 3,160 23.1 6,195 15.5 3,710 19.4 $7,000-$9,%9 2,720 5.8 2,875 10.1 1,605 11.7 2,775 7.0 1,780 9.3 $10,000 % Over 1,780 3.8 1,455 5.1 1,093 8.0 795 2.0 790 4.1 Not Reported 5,030 10.8 1,7X, 6.1 895 6.5 2,393 6.0 Yl5 5.1 T o T A L 46,695 100 28,360 100 13,685 100 39,855 100 19,090 100

Median $3,314 $3,839 $3,312 $3,634 $3.580 1 TABLE 2 PORJTATION DISTRJBWED BY ANNUAL I10COMg OF FAMILY OR UNRKMTED INDIVLDWL, 1950 (continued) 1 Richnond Revised Statistical Districts

nnual Income

ir -l Median $3,500 APPENDIX -E Bernheimer, Charles Seligmea, The Russian Jew in the United States, John C. Winston Co., Philadelphia, 1905

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Deardoff, Dr. Nsva R., The Religio-Cultural Background of NOW York City's Population, Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York, New York City, 1955

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1 - ~ ~ ~ 55 Bast N.Y.-J3.~lca Bay 2 Greadch Village 54 ~~pt~Gs.Cswsie- 1 I.oler Epst side 55 Bay Uga 4 ~.~idtm-~helsea 56 Bensonhurst 5 Ti~aSquare 57 Graveseni 6 Stupsant Tam- 58 YidroodJlarim Park Granrcy Square 59 Sheepshed BW 7 Bst Utm 60 Coney Ialand-YeMhsttan 8 Park -st Beach 9 lorkvillc-%.Central Pk. Morningside Hgs. long 1s-- CitySunnyside mat Harlem Aatmira Fast Harlem Ibadside, Jackson Hts.- mahlngton Hgts. 3lmhuretCorona E. River Inlands Fmest HillbRego Park Wdle VillagbClslldPk -Erom Ri&slrood&spth- South Bronx C-1eniala (Pt.) Hunts Point College Poinmibstone West Bronx Flushing Yorrisania Bayside-akuni Q OrdhPm Central Quee~-SouthPlush. Trenont Resh Wna-Utopia Sarndvl-Parkchestar loodlamn-ftichmni Hlll m1h.n ParlnaJ Jpaica, South Jpoicr Pelbra BapThroggs Neck- Weens VillagbHollbSt. City Island ~lbp~ Riverdale DouglastohLittle Weck-. North Brom 531lrose Rikarsl Island Richmami HiY ScOzorm Pk. S.Oom Pk.-Haard Beach Broo~ Springfield Oardens- Dmntm Brooklyn ~elto~osdals ~illiamburg Rocksway Oreenpoint South Brooklyn Richnomi BdmdStumsant 91 St. George Bushwick 92 Port Ricd Park Slop 9s Nm DarpSouth Beacb CrmHeights Sunset Park Borough Park Flatbvsh 95 Ginsrs Hartmi-aort 1rsry E.Platbush-BromsvFUe Travis 95 Roaarille-Pmt Soeow- Tottenville RkVISED STITISTICU. DISTR_ICTS AND HEBLM ARW

-.-~---- Revisd Statistical Statistical Dintrid Health Area District Health kec ummw 43 - 1,2,3,4 01-68,77 . 44 - 24,25,40,41e45 02 - 57pt (Tracta 55.57.59.61.65. 45 - 13,14,18.13~20~21rZ8~50151r 65) 61,64 56.57 03 - 62,65,65,66,67,Z,73,74,76, 78.80 M - 45.46.47pt (Tracta 127,135) 52pt (Tract 95) 55,56 05 - 4% (Tracts 125.151.157) 49. s2pt i~4,m,8z,~i,9i;9s,ioi,~ 109.1ls.119) 57pt (Tracts 52, 54.56.58) 55.58.59.60 49.50.54 27,10.27~20,51~10~51~20, 52.10,12.20,54.55,59.40 28~29,35,S6,37,18,41,42,45, M

Medical Library AMERICAI\] CANCER SOCIETY, Ir!C. 521 West 57th Street flew York 19, New Yolk ESTIMATED JEWISH POPULATION OF THE NEW YORI: AREA, BY AGE. 1958