DOCSLIB.ORG

How Federalism Muddies the Waters of Interest Group Decision-Making

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How Federalism Muddies the Waters of Interest Group Decision-Making Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 6-2014 Like Oil and Water: How Federalism Muddies the Waters of Interest Group Decision-Making Melissa Shaffer-O’Connell Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the American Politics Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, and the Political Theory Commons Recommended Citation Shaffer-O’Connell, Melissa, "Like Oil and Water: How Federalism Muddies the Waters of Interest Group Decision-Making" (2014). Dissertations. 294. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/294 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LIKE OIL AND WATER: HOW FEDERALISM MUDDIES THE WATERS OF INTEREST GROUP DECISION-MAKING by Melissa Shaffer-O’Connell A dissertation submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Political Science Western Michigan University June 2014 Doctoral Committee: Priscilla Lambert, Ph.D., Chair Denise Keele, Ph.D. Lynne Heasley, Ph.D. Matthew Mingus, Ph.D. Sybil Rhodes, Ph.D. LIKE OIL AND WATER: HOW FEDERALISM MUDDIES THE WATERS OF INTEREST GROUP DECISION-MAKING Melissa Shaffer-O’Connell, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2014 Federalism often creates additional decisions for interest groups in determining how best to advocate for their policy recommendations in the legislative process. Should they focus their advocacy at the local, state, or national level of government? What activities should they use at each level of government? This dissertation examines interest group behaviors in water quality policy in the Great Lakes region from 1940 to 2000, in oil policy in the Beaufort Sea region from 1970 to 2000, and in both policy areas in 2010-2013. I evaluate the reasons for interest group decisions in choice of tactics and targeted level of government. I use two major research strategies: (1) historical analysis of two case studies and (2) interviews with interest group representatives. The results of these analyses show that in many cases groups are influenced in their decision-making by which level of government has greatest jurisdiction over the policy, the internal resources and organizational capacities of each group, and their relationships with policymakers. Copyright by Melissa Shaffer-O’Connell 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of this dissertation has been a long time coming and would not have arrived if not for the support and assistance of many people. To everyone who is named here and to an untold number of friends and students who have offered support on this long journey, I am unbelievably grateful. I would like to begin by dedicating this dissertation to my husband, Kenneth O’Connell, who has been with me through every step of the process. His support has been both emotional and material. He told me I would finish when I believed I could not, got angry when I could not, and, not least of all, transcribed 42 interviews without pay or recompense. There is no reward great enough for listening to 42 hours of your wife asking the same questions over and over again. I am also thankful to my mother, Elizabeth Shaffer, who has been helpful in so many ways. She told me again and again that I am smart and capable. I’m still not sure that I believe her, but it made me work harder to be that person. She also took up the day-to-day tasks that I often could not get to and made sure that I had clean dishes, dinner, and left the house fully dressed every morning. The rest of my family should also be recognized for putting up with many years of me talking about this project and whining about the difficulties I encountered at each step. Dr. Priscilla Lambert, the chair of my committee, was instrumental in getting me to this point. At key points she would either remind me gently of what needed done, encourage me to keep plugging away, or use threats to get me back to meeting deadlines. I’m not sure if she would have acted on those threats, but I was convinced ii Acknowledgments- Continued enough not to find out, which is just what was needed at the time. Thank you, Priscilla, for both the encouraging words and the threats. My other committee members were also exceedingly important to the process, each taking their turn to help me with a piece of the puzzle. Thank you, Dr. Sybil Rhodes, Dr. Denise Keele, Dr. Lynne Heasley, and Dr. Matthew Mingus. Finally, it is the Political Science department at Western Michigan University that enabled me to begin and ultimately finish this project. To the faculty, staff, and my fellow graduate students, my warmest thanks. And, again, for the colleagues, friends, and students who have offered encouragement and support and help editing, thank you. Melissa Shaffer-O’Connell iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... ii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. ix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 1 Exploring Interest Group Decision-making in Federal Systems: Canada and the United States ................................................................. 1 Importance of Study ............................................................................... 4 Canada and the United States: Comparing the Two Cases .................... 6 Methodology and Data Collection .......................................................... 7 Historical Analysis .................................................................... 8 Interview Analysis .................................................................... 8 Dependent Variables .............................................................................. 9 Level of Government ................................................................ 9 Choice of Tactics ...................................................................... 10 Limitations of the Study ......................................................................... 11 Organization of the Dissertation ............................................................. 12 II. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS ............................................................ 14 Introduction ............................................................................................ 14 Interest Groups ....................................................................................... 17 iv Table of Contents—continued Theories and Hypotheses ........................................................................ 26 Targeted Level of Government ................................................. 27 Neoinstitutionalism ....................................................... 27 Elite Theory ................................................................... 34 Organizational Theory .................................................. 36 Political Opportunity Structures Theory ....................... 37 Choice of Tactics ...................................................................... 39 Neoinstitutionalism ....................................................... 39 Elite Theory ................................................................... 41 Organizational Theory .................................................. 42 Political Opportunity Structures Theory ....................... 43 Other Control Variables ............................................................ 43 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 44 III. INTEREST GROUPS IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION: 1940-2000 ... 47 Introduction ............................................................................................ 47 The Great Lakes Region ......................................................................... 48 Methodology of Historical Analysis ....................................................... 53 Targeted Level of Government ............................................................... 56 Historical Analysis .................................................................... 58 Focus on state and provincial governments in both countries, 1940-1960 ..................................................... 58 Focus begins to shift in the United States but not Canada, 1960- 1970 ...................................................... 64 v Table of Contents—continued Focus on national level in the United States and both provincial and national levels in Canada, 1970-1980 ... 68 Focus on national governments by all groups and international involvement by citizen groups in both countries, 1980-1990 ..................................................... 71 Varied foci, 1990-2000 ................................................. 74 Results for Targeted Level of Government ............................... 78 Choice of Tactics .................................................................................... 83 Historical Analysis .................................................................... 85 Lobbying and media as primary tactics at all levels, 1940-1960 ..................................................................... 85 Increase
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Dimensions in Corporate Counseling in Environmental Law Nicholas A
    Pace University DigitalCommons@Pace Pace Law Faculty Publications School of Law 1-1-1974 New Dimensions in Corporate Counseling in Environmental Law Nicholas A. Robinson Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty Part of the Business Organizations Law Commons, Environmental Law Commons, and the Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons Recommended Citation Nicholas A. Robinson, New Dimensions in Corporate Counseling in Environmental Law, 1 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 7 (1974), http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty/392/. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. New Dimensions Corporate Counseling in Environmental Law By Nicholas A. RobinsonQ Amid today's sometimes frenzied government action to cure en- vironmental degradation, and amid the defensive posturing of cor- porate managers and their public relations staffs, and the vigorous, if occasionally strident, protests by conservationists to protect en- dangered Nature, few have stopped to examine the role of the attorney as anything other than 1itigator.l Legal counseling has largely ignored the many environmental laws which have recently been enacted. Headlines have fixed on dramatic government prosecutions or conservation law suits; legal counsel in some specialized fields, such as electrical utilities or oil and other natural resource exploitation, have begun to cope with new environmental law requirements.' However, most lawyers as counselors are not yet involved in the struggle for environ- mentally sound development.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemsearch Journal Volume 4 Number 1, June, 2013
    CSJ 6(1): June, 2015 ISSN: 2276 – 707X Yusuf and Audu ChemSearch Journal 6(1): 1 – 7, June, 2015 Publication of Chemical Society of Nigeria, Kano Chapter C A H I E R M E Received: 29/12/2014 Accepted: 04/02/2015 I C.S.N G C I http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/csj.v6i1.1 A N L S F OCIETY O An Assessment of the Levels of Phosphate in Local and Foreign Detergents in Kano Metropolis, Kano, Nigeria 1Audu, A. A. and 2Yusuf, S. 1Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P. M. B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, Jigawa State University, P. M. B. 048, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria Email: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT Concentration of phosphate in some commercial detergents commonly used in homes, laundry services, schools and offices in Kano Metropolis have been determined. The analyses were carried out on both local and foreign detergents using a spectrophotometric method. The analysis was based on the formation of phosphomolybdate with added molybdate ion followed by its reduction with sodium sulphide in aqueous tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid medium. The system obeys Lambert-Beer’s law at 715 nm in the concentration range 0.30-12.24 mgdm-3 and the data were computed using percentage and t-test. The values obtained for local detergent samples were Bn (0.041%), Om (0.066%), Gn (0.013%), Bb (0.046%), Br (0.046%), Kl (0.035%), Bp (0.053%), Ep (0.010%), Zp (0.025%), Jb(0.014%), and Ar (0.042%) while those of the foreign detergents were Ps (0.005%), Td (0.042 %) ,Lk (0.027%), Ta (0.022%), Dm (0.007%), Bg (0.005%), Bs (0.026%), Kn (0.031%), and Lb (0.006%).
    [Show full text]
  • Tableau Statisque Canadien, Juillet 2017, Volume 15, Numéro 2
    Tableau statistique canadien JUILLET 2017 VOLUME 15, NUMÉRO 2 Ce document est réalisé conjointement par : Bruno Verreault et Jean-François Fortin Direction des statistiques économiques INSTITUT DE LA STATISTIQUE DU QUÉBEC (ISQ) Pierre-Luc Gravel Direction de la francophonie et des Bureaux du Québec au Canada SECRÉTARIAT AUX AFFAIRES INTERGOUVERNEMENTALES CANADIENNES (SAIC) Pour tout renseignement concernant l’ISQ et Pour tout renseignement concernant le SAIC, les données statistiques dont il dispose, s’adresser à : s’adresser à : INSTITUT DE LA STATISTIQUE DU QUÉBEC SECRÉTARIAT AUX AFFAIRES 200, chemin Sainte-Foy INTERGOUVERNEMENTALES CANADIENNES Québec (Québec) 875, Grande Allée Est, 3e étage G1R 5T4 Québec (Québec) G1R 4Y8 Téléphone : 418 691-2401 Téléphone : 418 643-4011 ou Sans frais : 1 800 463-4090 Site Web : www.stat.gouv.qc.ca Site Web : www.saic.gouv.qc.ca Note : Le présent document est consultable en format PDF à l’adresse suivante : http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/statistiques/economie/comparaisons- economiques/interprovinciales/tableau-statistique-canadien.html Par ailleurs, une mise à jour continue des tableaux qu’il contient, toujours en format PDF, apparaît à l’adresse suivante : http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/statistiques/economie/comparaisons- economiques/interprovinciales/index.html Dépôt légal Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec 3e trimestre 2017 ISSN 1715-6459 (en ligne) © Gouvernement du Québec, Institut de la statistique du Québec, 1996 Toute reproduction autre qu’à des fins de consultation personnelle est interdite sans l’autorisation du gouvernement du Québec. www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/droits_auteur.htm Juillet 2017 Avant-propos Le Tableau statistique canadien (TSC) est un document général de référence qui présente, de façon à la fois concise et détaillée, des données sur chaque province et territoire ainsi que sur le Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of CONFIRMED CANDIDATES for the 2021 TERRITORIAL GENERAL ELECTION at the Close of Nominations on March 22 at 2 P.M
    Box 2703 (A-9) Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 2C6 (867) 667-8683 1-866-668-8683 Fax (867) 393-6977 www.electionsyukon.ca [email protected] FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE March 23, 2021 LIST OF CONFIRMED CANDIDATES FOR THE 2021 TERRITORIAL GENERAL ELECTION At the close of nominations on March 22 at 2 p.m. there were with a total of 57 candidates nominated to serve as members of the Legislative Assembly for the electoral district of their nomination. The list of confirmed candidates for the 19 electoral districts is attached. Summary of Nominations ● There is a total of 57 candidates. ● There are 19 Yukon Liberal Party candidates. ● There are 19 Yukon New Democratic Party candidates. ● There are 18 Yukon Party candidates (all electoral districts except Vuntut Gwitchin). ● There is 1 independent candidate (Mountainview). ● There are no Yukon Green Party candidates. The registration of Yukon Green Party as a registered political party will be cancelled as the Elections Act statutory threshold of a minimum of two candidates in the election was not met. After the close of nomination, there will be a drawing of lots for candidate ballot order. The ballots will be printed and distributed for use at the Advance Polls (Sunday April 4 and Monday April 5) and on Polling Day (Monday April 12). Who Are My Candidates? Candidate contact information and profiles are available at electionsyukon.ca under ‘Who are My Candidates?’ Returning office location and contact information is also included. Opportunities to Work as an Election Official Applications are available online and at any returning office. Contact Elections Yukon Dave Wilkie, Assistant Chief Electoral Officer Phone: 867-667-8683 or 1-866-668-8683 (toll free) Email: [email protected] Elections Yukon is an independent non-partisan office of the Legislative Assembly that is responsible for the administration of territorial, school council and school board elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Chamber Meeting Day 3
    Yukon Legislative Assembly Number 3 2nd Session 34th Legislature HANSARD Tuesday, April 25, 2017 — 1:00 p.m. Speaker: The Honourable Nils Clarke YUKON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 2017 Spring Sitting SPEAKER — Hon. Nils Clarke, MLA, Riverdale North DEPUTY SPEAKER and CHAIR OF COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE — Don Hutton, MLA, Mayo-Tatchun DEPUTY CHAIR OF COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE — Ted Adel, MLA, Copperbelt North CABINET MINISTERS NAME CONSTITUENCY PORTFOLIO Hon. Sandy Silver Klondike Premier Minister of the Executive Council Office; Finance Hon. Ranj Pillai Porter Creek South Deputy Premier Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources; Economic Development; Minister responsible for the Yukon Development Corporation and the Yukon Energy Corporation Hon. Tracy-Anne McPhee Riverdale South Government House Leader Minister of Education; Justice Hon. John Streicker Mount Lorne-Southern Lakes Minister of Community Services; Minister responsible for the French Language Services Directorate; Yukon Liquor Corporation and the Yukon Lottery Commission Hon. Pauline Frost Vuntut Gwitchin Minister of Health and Social Services; Environment; Minister responsible for the Yukon Housing Corporation Hon. Richard Mostyn Whitehorse West Minister of Highways and Public Works; the Public Service Commission Hon. Jeanie Dendys Mountainview Minister of Tourism and Culture; Minister responsible for the Workers’ Compensation Health and Safety Board; Women’s Directorate GOVERNMENT PRIVATE MEMBERS Yukon Liberal Party Ted Adel Copperbelt North Paolo Gallina Porter Creek Centre Don Hutton Mayo-Tatchun
    [Show full text]
  • MAKING WATER PURE: a HISTORY of WATER SOFTENING from POTASH to TIDE a Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduat
    MAKING WATER PURE: A HISTORY OF WATER SOFTENING FROM POTASH TO TIDE A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY _______________________________________________________________________ by Alexandra L. Straub May 2020 Examining Committee Members: Jessica Roney, Advisory Chair, Department of History Hilary Lowe, Department of History Bryant Simon, Department of History Andrew Isenberg, External Member, University of Kansas Kendra Smith-Howard, External Member, University at Albany-SUNY i ABSTRACT Making Water Pure: A History of Water Softening from Potash to Tide, is a history of water softening in the United States from 1860 through 1970. Water’s materiality, specifically its tendency to dissolve geological features, consistently interfered with labor processes, especially those that relied on the use of soap or steam. For this reason, the management and control over the quality of water in both domestic and industrial spaces was regular and in many cases economically imperative. Nineteenth-century laborers dealt with hard water on the individual level. They experimented with a variety of different chemicals and methods, including the addition of lye, coffee, blood meal, and wool fiber to water. Throughout the twentieth century, the requirements of industrial efficiency as well as new consumer technologies demanded fast, easy, and standard ways to soften water. This motivated manufactures to produce mechanical water softening systems and synthetic chemicals. This dissertation traces this change and asserts that the history of getting water soft is a history of environmental control and management. Water softening is a lens through which to explore often overlooked actors in the history of managing nonhuman nature such as women, domestic workers, laborers, home economists, advertisers, and commercial chemists.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Phosphorus Control Measures in the United States and Their Effects on Water Quality
    Review of Phosphorus Control Measures in the United States and Their Effects on Water Quality By David W. Litke U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4007 NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Denver, Colorado 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: NAWQA Nutrient Synthesis Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Box 25046, Mail Stop 415 Box 25286 Denver Federal Center Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0046 Denver, CO 80225 FOREWORD The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey • Describe how water quality is changing over time. (USGS) is to assess the quantity and quality of the • Improve understanding of the primary natural earth resources of the Nation and to provide informa­ and human factors that affect water-quality tion that will assist resource managers and policy- conditions. makers at Federal, State, and local levels in making This information will help support the development sound decisions. Assessment of water-quality and evaluation of management, regulatory, and conditions and trends is an important part of this monitoring decisions by other Federal, State, and local overall mission. agencies to protect, use, and enhance water resources. One of the greatest challenges faced by water- The goals of the NAWQA Program are being resources scientists is acquiring reliable information achieved through ongoing and proposed investigations that will guide the use and protection of the Nation’s of 59 of the Nation’s most important river basins and water resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Day, April 2, 2014 — 1:00 P.M
    Yukon Legislative Assembly Number 135 1st Session 33rd Legislature HANSARD Wednesday, April 2, 2014 — 1:00 p.m. Speaker: The Honourable David Laxton YUKON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY SPEAKER — Hon. David Laxton, MLA, Porter Creek Centre DEPUTY SPEAKER — Patti McLeod, MLA, Watson Lake CABINET MINISTERS NAME CONSTITUENCY PORTFOLIO Hon. Darrell Pasloski Mountainview Premier Minister responsible for Finance; Executive Council Office Hon. Elaine Taylor Whitehorse West Deputy Premier Minister responsible for Education; Women’s Directorate; French Language Services Directorate Hon. Brad Cathers Lake Laberge Minister responsible for Community Services; Yukon Housing Corporation; Yukon Liquor Corporation; Yukon Lottery Commission Government House Leader Hon. Doug Graham Porter Creek North Minister responsible for Health and Social Services; Yukon Workers’ Compensation Health and Safety Board Hon. Scott Kent Riverdale North Minister responsible for Energy, Mines and Resources; Yukon Energy Corporation; Yukon Development Corporation Hon. Currie Dixon Copperbelt North Minister responsible for Economic Development; Environment; Public Service Commission Hon. Wade Istchenko Kluane Minister responsible for Highways and Public Works Hon. Mike Nixon Porter Creek South Minister responsible for Justice; Tourism and Culture GOVERNMENT PRIVATE MEMBERS Yukon Party Darius Elias Vuntut Gwitchin Stacey Hassard Pelly-Nisutlin Hon. David Laxton Porter Creek Centre Patti McLeod Watson Lake OPPOSITION MEMBERS New Democratic Party Elizabeth Hanson Leader of the Official
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Laundry Detergents on Algae Growth | Ehow.Com
    The Effect of Laundry Detergents on Algae Growth | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6595315_effect-laundry-detergents-alg... More eHow Search Health Topics A-Z Healthy Living Fitness and Nutrition This Season: What Are Allergies? Tax Time Login Ideafeed Spark Assist Spark Home » Family Health » Hormones & Health » Growth Hormone Side Effects » The Effect of Laundry Detergents on Algae Growth The Effect of Laundry Detergents on Algae Growth ne of the active ingredients in many O laundry detergents is phosphate, which contains the mineral phosphorous. Phosphates are binding agents that suspend dirt in wash water, so that the dirt rinses away. Phosphorous is also a food source for algae and other plant life and is necessary for their growth. Related Ads While there are many phosphate-free detergents on the market, others still contain phosphates. According to a 1994 paper released by the University of Colorado, secondary Laundry Detergent wastewater treatment only removes a small amount of the phosphates from wastewater, so Pond Algae Treatment the bulk of the phosphates in detergent remain in the treated water released into the environment. Since 1 lb. of phosphorous can grow 700 lbs. of algae, a small amount of Tide Laundry Detergent phosphorous can have huge effects. Lake Algae Control Other People Are Reading Pond Algae Different Laundry Detergents and How Do Phosphates in Laundry Algae Growth Detergents Affect the Growth of Algae in Water? History In the 1960s, nearly all of the detergents used in the United States contained high levels of phosphates. These phosphates entered freshwater sources, such as lakes and streams, and created a super-rich nutrient concentration.
    [Show full text]
  • Olume 42, No. 4 Cour Man Aux Dr Ches Oit Tes Evue Evue Canadienne
    evue canadienne V olume 42, No. 4 tes dRoit Aux manches Cour Le code vestimentaire à l’Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique p. 6 2 CANADIAN PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW/SUMMER 2019 On a souvent vu des membres d’une même famille siéger au Parlement en même temps. Toutefois, il a fallu attendre 1996 pour voir la première équipe père-fille siéger ensemble au sein d’une assemblée législative au Canada. En effet, lorsque Sue Edelman a été élue députée de la 29e Assemblée législative du Yukon, elle a rejoint son père, Ivan John « Jack » Cable, qui venait d’être réélu. M. Cable est allé vivre dans le Nord en 1970 après avoir obtenu des diplômes en génie chimique, une maîtrise en administration des affaires et un baccalauréat en droit en Ontario. Il a exercé le droit à Whitehorse pendant 21 ans, avant de devenir président de la Chambre de commerce du Yukon, président de la Société d’énergie du Yukon et directeur de la Commission de l’énergie du Nord canadien. Il est également membre fondateur de la Recycle Organics Together Society et du Boreal Alternate Energy Centre. M. Cable a fait son entrée en politique en 1992, après avoir été élu député de la circonscription de Riverdale (Whitehorse-Est) à l’Assemblée législative du Yukon. La carrière politique de Mme Edelman est déjà bien entamée lorsque son père commence à siéger comme député. En 1988, elle est élue conseillère municipale de Whitehorse, un poste qu’elle conserve jusqu’en 1994. Lors de sa réélection en 1991, elle recueille plus de votes comme conseillère que le maire, Bill Weigand.
    [Show full text]
  • A Focus on Electoral Reform
    Canadian eview Focus on Electoral Reform. CANADIAN PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW/WINTER 2016 1 Made of copper and gold-plated, Ontario’s Mace was crafted in Ottawa in 1867. It is the third Mace to be used in the province’s history since the establishment of the Legislature during colonial times in 1792. The province’s first Mace was captured by American soldiers during the War of 1812 and later returned, and the second – dating from around 1845 - ended up in the federal parliament following Confederation in 1867 and was subsequently destroyed during a 1916 fire. Sitting underneath the crown within decorative leaves, the cup of the current Mace features the insignia of King Edward VII. The original cup bore the initials V.R. for Victoria Regina and was recently rediscovered among the collection at the Royal Ontario Museum. It is now on display in the Legislative Building lobby. In 2009, the first two diamonds mined in Ontario were mounted into the crown of the Mace. One was left in the rough to represent the mining process, and the other was polished to signify the value of the diamond industry in Ontario. The polished diamond was inscribed with the Legislative Assembly of Ontario’s motto Audi Alteram Partem – “Hear the Other Side”. Parliamentary Protocol and Public Relations Branch, Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2 CANADIAN PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW/FALL 2016 Maisei Raman & Doug McLean/shutterstock.com The Canadian Parliamentary Review was founded in 1978 to inform Canadian legislators about activities of the federal, provincial and territorial branches of the Canadian Region of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and to promote the study of and interest in Canadian parliamentary institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • First Nations Persons Elected to the Yukon Legislative Assembly
    Yukon Legislative Assembly Office ____________________________________________________________________________ Box 2703 (A-9), Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 2C6 Telephone (867) 667-5498 Fax (867) 393-6280 Email [email protected] First Nations Persons Elected to the Yukon Legislative Assembly On August 1, 1960 a new Canada Elections Act was given Royal Assent. The act gave persons with the legal status of an ‘Indian’ the right to vote and run as a candidate in Canadian elections. The changes first applied to elections for the Yukon Territorial Council in the 1961 general election. In the chart below, a member’s term begins on the day the member is elected either in a general election or by-election. The member’s term ends on the day the member resigns or dies, or the day before an election where a member is defeated at the polls or chooses to not run. Days in Office are calculated to November 30, 2019. Days in Name Party Electoral District Term Office 1. Alice McGuire Liberal Kluane November 20, 1978-June 6, 1982 1295 2. Grafton Njootli PC/Ind. Old Crow November 20, 1978-June 6, 1982 1295 3. Kathie Nukon PC Old Crow June 7, 1982-May 12, 1985 1071 4. Margaret (Joe) NDP Whitehorse North Centre June 7, 1982-September 29, 1996 5229 Commodore 5. Norma Kassi NDP Old Crow May 13, 1985-October 18, 1992 2716 6. Sam Johnston NDP Campbell May 13, 1985-October 18, 1992 2716 7. Dave Porter NDP Watson Lake May 13, 1985- February 19, 1989 1379 8. Danny Joe NDP Mayo; Mayo-Tatchun February 2, 1987-September 29, 1996 3528 9.
    [Show full text]