Macrolepironia (Miq.) Fig. I. Elongated Leafy Peculiar Habit Is Malay Peninsula, Larger Flowers, Mapania Sessilis and Banka

Florae Malesianae Precursores XXXII.

J.H. Kern

Rijksherbarium, Leyden

maschalina — — I. Mapania Kern, sp. nov. Sect. Macrolepironia (Miq.) Kern. Fig. I. Herba rhizomate adscendente. radicibus perennis, lignoso, Culmus erectus, crassis

teretibus mm diam. dense altus. Folia 2—3 sustensus, foliatus, c. 50 cm linearia, rigida,

opaca, glaucescentia, basin conduplicatam versus straminea, apice sensim in flagellum scaberrimum ad triquetrum angustata, usque 50 cm longa, 5 —7 mm lata, marginibus medio medio nervoque subtus apicem versus dense acuteque serrata, nervo subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus vix distinctis. Scapi brevissimi, in axillis foliorum cauli-

norum absconditi, spiculam unicam gerentes. Spiculae subsessiles, ovoideae, apice acutae, Glumae c. 15 mm longae, 7—10 mm latae. multinerviae, inferiores vacuae, coriaceae,

ovatae, acutae, fuscae, membranaceo-marginatae, 8—9 mm longae; glumae florigerae

lanceolatae, tenuiores, 9—10 mm longae. Flores lineares, 8—10 mm longi, squamellis

6 binis membranaceis, lateralibus ad carinam tenuiter ciliolatis. Stamina 3, antheris linearibus 5 —6 mm longis. Stigmata 3. Nux drupacea, subpyriformis, apice in rostrum

6 breve subcurvatum acuminata, rugulosa, cinereo-fusca, mm longa, 3 mm lata, stipite brevi ½ mm longo.

NORTH BORNEO. Dist. Malubok in Nov. 18, 1960, W. Sandakan, Kinabatangan, swamp forest, Meijer SAN 23592 (L, typus).

This new species is remarkable because of the elongated leafy stem and the very short hidden in the leaf-axils. A similar habit is in flowering scapes peculiar found Mapania Holtt. from the which micropandanus Malay Peninsula, species is otherwise very different its non-caudateleaves with scabrous by wider, 3 prominent, nerves, its larger flowers, etc. In Mapania sessilis Merr., known from North Borneo, Sumatra, and Banka, the

also subsessile because of the short but the latter are situated spikelets are very scapes, the below the of leaves. on short caudex, rosette Besides, in Mapania sessilis the leaves

the the are cm and the are 1—1| cm broad, castaneous at base, spikelets up to 3 long, much the beak nuts larger (about 1 cm long, 3—4 mm long included). The linear of maschalina similar narrowly leaves Mapania are to those of M. graminea Uitt. from but in latter Borneo, the species they are basal, very shiny, aculeate-asperous

the side towards the and in three on upper apex, arranged very prominent ranks, as

a result of which the foliage is Y-shaped in cross-section. The classified three the Malaysian Mapania species are generally in sections, nomen- clature of which somewhat confused. The fact has been overlooked that is as early used the sectional as 1870 Miquel name Pandanophyllum as a one (tmder Lepironia) to the cover species with a capitate inflorescence. The type species of this section is Pandano-

phyllum palustre Hassk. ex Steud. Unfortunately Clarke applied the name Pandanophyllum the of to that section in which inflorescence normally consists a single spikelet, and for

which coined the Miquel the name Macrolepironia. According to Montreal Code 1961,

art. this be reinstated. This the follows: 54, name must being done, synonymy runs as BLUMEA VOL. No. I, 1963 24 XII,

— Kern — section of Fig. 1. Mapaniamaschalina a. Habit, x ½; b. nut, x 4½; c. longitudinal nut, X 4½.

(W. Meijer SAN 23592) KERN: Florae Malesianae Precursores XXXII. Cyperaceae J. H. 25

Mapania sect. Cephaloscirpus (Kurz) B. & H., Gen. Plant. 3 (.1883) 1056. — Cephalo-

2 scirpus Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 38 (1869) 83, pro gen. (type species: Hypaelyptum macrocephalum Gaudich.). — Mapania subgen. Cephaloscirpus (Kurz) C. B. Clarke, Kew

add. Trav. Bot. Néerl. (1935) 185. — Flowering Bull., ser. 8 (1908) 131; Uitt., Ree. 32 Inflorescence stems central. Involucral bracts foliaceous. capitate.

Plant. — Mapania sect. Pandanophyllum (Hassk.) B. & H., Gen. 3 (1883) 1056. (type Pandanophyllum Hassk., Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Phys. 10 (1843) 118, pro gen. species:

Pandanophyllum palustre Hassk. ex Steud.). — Lepironia sect. Pandanophyllum (Hassk.) Clarke Hook. Fl. Illustr. 60. — sect. Halostemma C. B. in f. Br. Miq., (1870) Mapania ,

Ind. 6 (1894) 681; Uitt., Ree. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33 (1936) 284 (type species Mapania silhetensis C. B. Clarke). — Mapania subgen. Halostemma (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke,

add. Bot. Néerl. (1935) 185* — Kew Bull., ser. 8 (1908) 130; Uitt., Ree. Trav. 32 Inflorescence Flowering stems (scapes) lateral. Involucral bracts glume-like. capitate.

— sect. Mapania sect. Macrolepironia (Miq.) Kern, comb. nov. Lepironia Macrolepironia

— sect. Pandanophyllum Miq., Illustr. (1870) 60 (lectotype: Lepironia enodisMiq.). Mapania

(non B. & H.) C. B. Clarke in Hook, ƒ, Fl. Br. Ind. 6 (1894) 682; Uitt., Ree. Trav. Bot. Bull., Néerl. — Pandanophyllum sensu C. B. Clarke, Kew 33 (1936) 145. Mapania subgen.

Ree. Trav. Bot. Néerl. (1935) — subgen. add. ser. 8 (1908) 130; Uitt., 32 185. Mapania

Pandanoscirpus Uitt., Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 33 (193 6) 278 (type species: Mapania lateral. Inflorescence normally petiolata C. B. Clarke). — Flowering stems (scapes) from the consisting of a single spikelet (sometimes some secondary spikeiets branching axils of the lower glumes).

— Sect. Boeck. — 2. Fimbristylis blepharolepis Kern, sp. nov. Trichelostylis (Lestib.)

Fig. 2. firmis stramineis. Culmi stricte Herba annua, elatior, radicibus fuscis vel rigidi, erecti,

— acute quinquangulares, sulcati, glabri, angulis costatis sursum antrorse scabridi, 50 130 cm foliati. Folia culmo longissime acuminata, alti, 2—4 mm crassi, basin versus breviora, acuta, subtus rigida, plana vel in sicco marginibus involuta, 2\—3 mm lata, plurinervia nervo bulbosis brevissimis medio prominente, supra enervia minute celluloso-reticulata pilisque ad basin albidis asperula, marginibus incrassatis antrorse scabridis, lamina intus serie

alborum vel antice pilorum ferrugineorum a vagina separata; vaginae membranaceae, multi- sursum pubescentes. Inflorescentia anthelata, decomposita, erecta, ovoidea, laxa, involucrales inferiores 8 — 6— Bracteae spiculata, 24 cm longa, 20 cm lata. c. 5, foliaceae, anthela vel erecto-patentes, paullo longiores paullo breviores, longe attenuatae, acutae, marginibus scabridae, ad basin dilatatam pilosam scarioso-marginatae, 10—25 cm breviores bracteolae longae, 1J—3 mm latae, superiores gradatim et angustiores; setaceae, anthelulis breviores. Anthelae radii 6—9, inaequilongi, oblique patentes, rigidi, quinquan-

tubuloso ad 1 orti; gulares, scaberuli, e prophyllo piloso ore bicuspidato usque cm longo radioli radius infimus 5 —12 cm longus, radii ceteri gradatim breviores; 2|—5 cm longi; dense pedunculi spicularum applanati, I—1 cm longi. Spiculae singulatim dispositae, multiflorae, primo ovoideae, demum oblongo-ovoideae, acutiusculae, vix angulatae,

mm demum Rhachilla alata. Glumae spiraliter imbricatae, 2^—3 latae, 8—9 mm longae. viridi-carinatae, muticae vel minute adpressae, membranaceae, late ovatae, obtusae, apiculatae, dorso 3-ncrviae, marginibus dense sed breviter ciliolatae, ferrugineae, albo- antheris marginatae, c. 2 mm longae, fere aequilatae. Stamina 3, oblongo-linearibus,

1—1 f mm longis, connectivo in appendicem brevem glabram producto. Stylus triqueter, 26 BLUMEA VOL. XII, No. I, 1963

Fig. 2. Fimbristylis blepharolepis Kern — a. Habit, x½; b. spikelet, x 7½; c. gluine, x 15 ; d. margin of

f. and — glume; e. stamen, x 15; style stigmas, x 15; g-h. nuts, x 30. (A. Hoogerwerf 279) J. H. KERN: Florae Malesianae Precursores XXXII. Cyperaceae 27

ad basin leviter pyramidato-incrassatus, parte superiore ciliatus, f—I mm longus,

stigmatibus 3 stylo multo longioribus. Mux ovoidea, trigona, angulis obtuse costulata,

humiliter basin versus breviter apice umbonulata, cuneata, lateque stipitata, sparse cellulis tuberculata, albida, §—f mm longa, }—J mm lata, faciebus extimis transverse

linearibus impressis 4—5-serialibus distincte trabeculata.

WEST NEW A. GUINEA. Koerik, near Merauke, Noord-rawah, June 21, 1962, Hoogerwerf279 (L, typus).

both in the of and "The plants grow midst predominant Ischaemum barbatum between of this and the the border association Eucalyptus forest, always in wet places 5 —15 cm

from submerged January until May, but now drying up; within a few weeks these will be the unless should places set fire to by Papuans, recent, unusually heavy rains

prevent this." (A. Hoogerwerf in litt., June 24, 1962).

in Besides the The locality appears to be very rich Cyperaceae. new Fimbristylis

Mr Hoogerwerf collected the following Cyperaceae (all in L):

Cyperus angustatus R. Br., aquatilis R. Br., babakan Steud., compactus Retz., haspan L., holoschoenus R. Br., iria L., pilosus Vahl, sulcinux C. B. Clarke.

Fimbristylis acicularis R. Br., acuminata Vahl, dictyocolea S. T. Blake, furva R. Br.,

miliacea (L.) Vahl, nutans (Retz.) Vahl, pauciflora R. Br., tetragona R. Br., tristachya R. Br. Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb., umbellata Rottb. Lipocarpha microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth. Rhynchospora heterochaeta S. T. Blake, submarginata Kiik. Scleria laxa R. Br., novae-bollandiae Boeck., rugosa R. Br.

The new species is related to the Australian Fimbristylis phaeoleuca S. T. Blake, Univ. Biol. from which differs the Queensl. Papers, Dept. I, no 13 (1940) 4, it by following characters:

less Stems stouter; spikelets larger, hardly angular; glumes obtuse, paler, conspicuously with much hyaline-margined, and shorter cilia; anthers twice as long; style shorter, ciliate the in the upper part; stigmas much longer than style; nuts slightly smaller, hardly of linear verrucose, trabeculate, with 4 —5 vertical rows transversely epidermal cells

on each face. In Fimbristylis phaeoleuca the nuts are but indistinctly tessellate, theirepidermal

cells less and 8 vertical isodiametric to more or transversely oblong, arranged in —10 rows on each face.

in is The upper side of the leaves Fimbristylis blepharolepis asperulous by short, white, bulbous-based hairs, which are also found in F. phaeoleuca and F. trachycarya F. v. M.;

the stomatiferous under side is glabrous and smooth.

I the of In Blumea 8 (1955) 158—161 gave a survey of sections Fimbristylis as far as concerned. in with Malaysia is The arrangement accepted there outline agrees that of

Ohwi in Journ. Jap. Bot. 14 (1938) 571 —573. I then already pointed out that the system, based in being on the E. and SE. Asian species only, must show shortcomings many which respects, and that especially the circumscription of sect. Leptocladae Ohwi, to I referred the Malaysian species with long-ciliate glumes, is disputable.

Both Fimbristylis phaeoleuca and F. blepharolepis have distinctly ciliate glumes, but

allied F. the of sect. they are not closely to leptoclada Benth., type species Leptocladae. Their place is rather in sect. Trichelostylis (Lestib.) Boeck. The fact of the glumes being character of long-ciliate cannot be upheld as the main sect. Leptocladae.

aestivalis 3. Fimbristylis (Retz.) Vahl var. trichopoda Kern, var. nov. A varietate aestivalis radiis radiolisque infloresccntiae pilosis differt. BLUMEA VOL. No. 28 XII, i, 1963

INDIA. Malabar, Concan etc.: Stocks, Law etc. in Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. fil. & Thomson, sub nomine

Fimbristylis dichotoma Vahl (Herb. Lugd. Bat. 902. 77—252, typus).

NEW GUINEA. New Guinea: River Territory of Sepik District, Wewak-Angoram Area, Sepik near

Nemchan village, water edge, river-bank, 17 Sept. 1959, R.G. Robbins 2481 (CANB).

which related Fimbristylis gracilenta Hance, is closely to F. aestivalis, can be distinguished

by the much larger glumes, the longer style, the slightly larger nuts, the distinctly winged

the and of the rhachilla, etc., and, as a rule, most easily by densely hairy rays raylets inflorescence inflorescence. Only once I have seen a collection of it in which the is quite

glabrous (F. gracilenta var. psilopoda Kern, Reinwardtia 6, 1961, 49, based on Kerr 21522

from NE. Thailand). On the other hand the two collections of F. aestivalis cited above

differ from the numerous other specimens of this species I examined by the densely

hairy rays and raylets.

Schoenus — — 4. microcephalus Kern, sp. nov. Sect. Subaphylli Kük. Fig. 3. Herba perennis, rhizomate abbreviato, radicibus fibrosis purpureis. Culmi numerosi,

dense inferne cm caespitosi, inaequilongi, rigidi, graciles, teretes, laeves, foliati, 10—35 basin vestiti. Folia alti, \—1 mm crassi, versus vaginis stramineis opacis pauca, erecta, culmo multo subtus breviora, rigida, setacea, supra plana, convexa, acuta, subpungentia,

minute ad apice nigra, margimbus scabrida, usque 15 cm longa, |—f mm lata, vaginis elaminatae laminam brevissimam ore imberbis; vaginae inferiores vel in excurrentes.

Bracteae bractea ima ab inflores- 2—3; erecta, plerumque parum (rarius usque ad 3 cm)

centia culmum ad brunneo- rcmota, quasi continuans, usque 5 cm longa; vagina tubulosa, bracteae purpurea, ore oblique secta imberbis; superiores multo breviores. Spiculae

in terminalem diam. plures capitulum parvum hemisphaericum 4 —5 mm congestae, leviter flore oblongo-lanceolatae, compressae, rectae, 3 —4 mm longae, 1—2-florae, si superiore autem, adest, saepe imperfecto. Glumae 6, distichae, ovatae, acutae, muticae,

dorso inferiores carinatae, albo-membranaceae, purpureae, marginibus subtiliter ciliatae,

vacuae, gradatim breviores. Setae nullae. Stamina 6, antheris oblongis, flavidis, 1 mm

longis, connectivo vix producto. Stylus trigonus, basi haud incrassatus, glaber, badius, vel 1J—2 mm longus, stigmatibus 3 (rariu 2 4). Nux immatura tutgido-trigona, rufescens,

apice obtusa, distincte stipitata, c. 1 mm longa.

CALEDONIA. NEW Nchoue, in very dry eroded soil, Jan. 7, 1961, H.S. McKee 7990 (L, typus).

A close of Schoenus ally kennyi (F. M. Bail.) S. T. Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 51

(1940) 48 [Arthrostylis kennyi F. M. Bail., Queensl. Agric. Journ. 28 (1912) 278, t. 58; Schoenus subaphyllus Kiik. var. kennyi (F. M. Bail.) Kiik. in Fedde, Rep. 48 (1940) 250] from Queensland and New South Wales. It is the only species of sect. Subaphylli in

which the basal leaf-sheaths are neither dark purple nor glossy, and its leaf-blades and

lower section. bracts are much longer than in any other species belonging to this The lowest bract, situated somewhat below the terminal head which it often conspicuously

bears overtops, no secondary head in its axil, and therefore looks like an ordinary leaf

the bract and often near top of the stem. In Schoenus kennyi this is very short subtends

a secondary head. Between the lowest bract and the basal sheaths there are often

1—2 stem-leaves in Schoenus kennyi, but none in S. microcephalus. In Schoenus kennyi the blades of the basal leaves, though obvious, are much reduced, in S. microcephalus

are The head of Schoenus they normally developed and up to 15 cm long. terminal

that of — The microcephalus is only 4—5 mm wide, S. kennyi usually 10 IJ mm. spikelets

in Schoenus in in kennyi are 5 —7 mm long, S. microcephalus 3—4 mm; the longest glume J. H. KERN: Florae Malesianae Precursores XXXII. Cyperaceae 29

— rhachilla of d. Fig. 3. Schoenus microcephalus Kern a. Habit, X ½; b. spikeiet, X 7½; c. spikeiet, X 15;

cross-section — McKee flower, X 15; e. stamen, X 15; f. of style, X 30. (H.S. 7990) 30 BLUMEA VOL. XII, No. I, 1963

about and S. kennyi is \\ mm long mucronulate, in S. microcephalus 3 mm and muticous.

Whereas — the spikeiets in Schoenus kennyi are 2 4 (—several?)-flowered, they are as a rule 1-flowered in S. microcephalus, the elongated rhachilla-internode (typical of Schoenus) less bearing a tiny empty glume, more rarely a more or reduced second flower. The Schoenus anthers in microcephalus are oblong, x mm long, in S. kennyi twice as long and

linear.

Schoenus Kiik. kennyi and S. microcephalus are near to S. subaphyllus in Fedde, Rep. 44 Linnaea which is (1938) 179 [S. aphyllus Boeck., 38 (1874) 280, non Vahl, 1806], known

from Queensland, Western New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia. In

Schoenus subaphyllus the leaf-blades are either reduced to minute mucros or absent; the

dark sheaths very shiny, to blackish purple, deeply split or quite open often separate the there brown from stem; are two glumiform, lanceolate, to purplish involucral bracts not sheathing the stem.

rank K iikenthai reduced Schoenus kennyi to varietal under S. subaphyllus. However, since he from says that S. kennyi differs S. subaphyllus only by the 1—2-noded stems and the presence of a secondary head of spikelets, he obviously overlooked several

differential characters clearly exposed by S. T. Blake.

As to Schoenus microcephalus, the question whether the characters which distinguish it from S. of is difficult kennyi are specific value, to answer, a fact not surprising for a taxon of an isolated island flora.