1[)59. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5119' By Mr. CLARK: , _ Joseph J. O'Loughlin; to the Committee on PETITIONS, ETC. H.R. 6020. A bill for the relief of Ivica the Judiciary. · Basic; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. POWELL: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions By Mr. FARBSTEIN: . H.R. 6028. A bill for the relief of Roger and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk H.R. 6021. A bill for the relief of Ada E. V. Sajous; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ap.d referred as follows: Gigante; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 6029. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Jessie H.R. 6022. A bill for the.relief of Giuseppe Mullings; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 131. By Mr. DOOLEY: Resolution of the Faraci; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. ROBISON: Council of the City of New Rochelle, N.Y., By Mr. FINO: H.R. 6030. A bill for the relief of Mrs. opposing the proposed McDonough amend· H.R. 6023. A bill for the relief of William Marcia W. Barrett Bowes; to the Committee ment (H.R. 5096) to the pending urban re· J. Kaiser; to the Committee on the Judici· on the Judiciary. n~wal, slum clearance and housing bill which ary. By Mr. ZABLOCKI: would subject local housing authority bonds By Mr. FULTON: H.R. 6031. A bill for the relief of James N. to Federal taxation; to the Committee on H.R. 6024. A bill for the relief of Mrs. D. Liang; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Ways and Means. Helen Hranisavljevic; to the Committee on By Mr. WALTER: 132. By the SPEAKER: Petition of H. W. the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 322. Joint resolution for the relief Reed, Dupo, Dl., with reference to Senate By Mr. GALLAGHER: of certain aliens; to the Committee on the bills 505 and 748 relating to labor organiza­ H.R. 6025. A bill for the relief of Ruth Judiciary. tions; to the Committee on Education and Adams, Joseph Adams, and Thomas Herbert; H.J. Res. 323. Joint resolution to facilitate Labor. to the Committee on the Judiciary. the admission into the United States of 133. Also, petition of Joseph E. Hughes, By Mr. HOLT (by request): certain aliens; to the Committee on the member of Smith's Wage and Negotiation and H.R. 6026. A bill for the relief of Harold Judiciary. Grievance Committee, Minneapolis, Minn., Janklowicz; to the Committee on the Ju· H.J. Res. 324. Joint resolution to waive cer· petitioning consideration of their resolu­ diciary. tain provisions of section 212(a) of the Im· tion with reference to requesting passage of By Mr. MONAGAN: migration and Nationality Act in behalf of a hospital assistance measure for our senior H.R. 6027. A bill to provide for the pay· certain aliens; to the Committee on the citizens, age 62 and older; to the Committee ment of a disability retirement annuity to Judiciary. on Ways and Means.

.EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Fighting Progress and Committing Suicide same. price by force of law for every re­ structive youth activity which has taught tailer. Aside from depriving consum­ thousands of young Americans a respect EXTENSION OF REMARKS ers of lower prices, these retailers seek­ for good health, clean living, morality ing this fair trade law are asking, :first, and chastity, and, at the same time, has OF Federal intervention which is bad given them a deeper love of God. HON. BRUCE ALGER enough; and second, the curses of This program is carried out by the Mu­ OF TEXAS planned economy rather than the bless­ tual Improvement Association of the IN .THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ings· of a free market; and third, worst Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day of all are unbeknownst to themselves Saints, which was founded by Brigham Tuesday, March 24, 1959 trying to commit suicide by holding an Young. This great western colonizer, Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, when umbrella over the big retailers who can who was the second president of the Lat­ chainstores and mail-order houses came market their own brands at their own ter-day Saints--Mormon-Church, saw into the retail sales :field there was great prices. The smaller retailers will not the teen-age problem in his own day. In resistance to them. They offered better be able to compete because the fair trade 1869 he called together his teen-age service and lower prices. Is this bad? law will not permit it. Fair? daughters and, through them, established No; the consumers liked them :fine. an association to give effective supervi­ Some merchants resented this intrusion, sion and direction to young women of however, progress notwithstanding, and the church in their use of leisure time. forgetting that most businesses start as M Men Basketball: Bulwark of Spiritual­ In 1875 he founded a similar organization price cutters and offerers of unusual ity and Clean Living for the young men. service, decided to eliminate this new The wisdom and vision of Brigham threat. First, there were horizontal EXTENSI~N OF REMARKS Young were apparent in the associations conspiracies where dealers got together OF from their beginning. An early issue of to blacklist the offenders. Ninety such the magazine which the young men suits are contained in Antitrust Assist­ HON. DAVID S. KING established soon after they were organ­ ant Bicks' brief-1958 Senate Select OF UTAH ized observed= Committee on Small Business, appendix IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The organization spread with astonishing !-wherein the Government had to Tuesday, March 24, 1959 rapidity, and in a few months, towns where prosecute the dealers and others who there had been crowds of uncouth boys endeavored to enforce an economic Mr. KING of Utah. Mr. Speaker, the loitering around the stores, holloaing in the blockade in one way or another. senior tournament of the largest basket.. streets and breaking horses on the Sabbath Then came another effort or reac­ ball program in the world is being played day, a change was seen. In some cases, the tion-the vertical price-fixing attempt this week in my district, on the campus roughest of these boys had been chosen to eliminate the new upstart business of the Brigham Young University, at presidents of associations. wherein manufacturers, distributors, Provo, Utah. Its junior counterpart was In this century, as the delinquency and dealers variously conspired with played last week in Logan, Utah. problem has grown, these organizations each other. Here again antitrust action These tournaments are the annual all­ have grown in both size and influence. by the Government was necessary. Fif­ church basketball tournaments of the Their total membership has passed 355,- ty-three such vertical combinations Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day 000 in some 2,000 wards and branches of were prosecuted and are listed in Mr. Saints. The participants represent the the church throughout the world. Bick.s' brief-appendix II. Finally, best of more than 2,500 teams and 25,000 The scope of the program has these new businesses were accepted by players scattered throughout the 49 broadened over the years, but the pur­ merchants because of consumer accept.. States, Canada, and Mexico. pose has remained constant: the con­ ance. A new, more efficient distribution However, Mr. Speaker, it is the ideal and sales effort had won out. and the program behind the tourna­ structive use of leisure time in whole­ But today the lessons are forgotten. ments, and not their size, which compels some recreation, study, social, and ath­ Now once again retailers resist new and me to call them to the attention of my letic activity, and, above all, in religious tough competition, only now they want colleagues. In a Nation deeply disturbed training. a so-called fair trade law with the anti­ over the growing menace of juvenile de­ A lack of religious training has been trust law set aside so that prices can be linquency, this program represents a a major cause of delinquency. This set by manufacturers. thus assuring the shining example of wholesome and con- fact has been asserted repeatedly bY:, '"5120 C0NGRESSIONAL RECORD.· -. ·. HOUSH March 2:q. J. Edgar Hoover, a peerless authority on convene in prayer. - Under no circum:., Bec·ause ·Congress changed the .entire the problem. stances is profanity countenanced. free enterprise system, and did "it to help This celebrated Director of the Fed· . Only the boys who are morally clean you, the little retailer. eral Bureau ·of Investigation has said: and who live a strict health code-known Fantastic? ·Yes, but it could be true. The churches are in the front trenches of among the Latter-day Saints as the This is exactly what the fair trade bill, America's crime prevention crusade • • • I Word of Wisdom-are eligible to play. H.R. 125"3, will do. have been profoundly impressed with the The code permits no smoking and no fact that the churchgoing people are the drinking and urges members to practice most substantial group of citizens in the temperance and moderation in personal Nation. Church attendance and crime ap­ habits as well as in diet. Chastity is a West Virginia's Request for a North­ appear to be like • • • oil and water-they do strict requirement. South Route To Be Included in the In­ not mix. • • • The greatest single factor in The former middleweight boxing crime causation among juveniles today is the terstate Highway System disintegration of the American home. champion of the world, Gene Fullmer, himself a product of the program, has Mr. Hoover has also observed: said that MIA athletics and the Word EXTENSION OF REMARKS Juvenile delinquency is always rooted in of Wisdom are all that a young man OF adult delinquency, and only through general needs to keep in good physical condition. acceptance of higher moral values can we Perhaps the best measure of the suc­ HO_N. ELIZABETH KEE solve the problem entirely. The easiest way cess of the MIA ·1s the appeal it holds OF WEST VIRGINIA to bring this about, in my judgment, is through a return to religion. For several dec­ for outsiders. Visitors are encouraged IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ades the general trend has been away from to participate-and often do. They are Tuesday, March 24, 1959 the age-old belief that man is God-centered welcomed into every activity and are and responsible for his thoughts and behav­ eligible for basketball, softball and vol­ 1, Mrs. KEE . . Mr. Speaker, last week, on ior to a higher power as well as to his fellow leyball, provided they respect the Word Marcq 19; it was my privilege to attend ll}an. The resultant materialism has empha­ of Wisdom. an important conference here in Wash­ sized the values of expediency, shirking re­ In Japan the MIA meetings have at­ ington with reference to West Virginia's sponsibility, and selfishness. tracted more nonmembers than mem­ urgent request for the addition of a The Mutual Improvement Associations bers. In 1956 the average attendance at north-south route to be included in the offer instruction and supervision for the meetings in Japan was 760 Latter­ Interstate Highway System. every teenage group, and for young men day Saints and 1,500 nonmembers. Present for this conference, which was and women. It also encourages the par­ ·Rebecca Franklin, wri-ting in the New conducted under the chairmanship of ticipation of parents. Y:ork Times Sunday magazine in 1955, Representative ARCH A. MOORE, JR., of At the local level, the associations gave the program this tribute: West Virginia, were Commissioner E. L. meet weekly throughout the year-usu­ Un~oubtedly one of the most efficiently · Armstrong and other officials of the U.S. ally on Tuesday nights. The meetings organized youth movements in the world, Bureau of Public Roads; State officials open with a song, prayer, and with other MIA provides spiritualized recreation for its. and citizens of the State of West Virginia appropriate devotional exercises. Later members through music, drama, speech and. under the leadership of Gov. Cecil H. the members separate for classwork, a~hletics, a never-ending round of carefully Underwood, officials and citizens· of the supervised activities. For 100 years the State of Pennsylvania under the leader­ project activity, and special events. Saints have been keeping 'em busy and out· Variety and flexibility are corner• of mischief. ship of the Honorable Parke Martin, who stones in the program's success. Mem­ attended both as secretary of highways bers have ample opportunity to express · ln concluding, Mr. Speaker, I find the and the authorized representative· of Gov. and cultivate their special interests and reason for the success of this program David L. Lawrence; interested Members talents-including athletics, public very clear-it holds the key of genuine of the Congress from the State of Penn­ speaking, and the cultural arts. happiness and has given that key to sylvania; and our West Virginia congres­ In the winter months, the young men young Americans. It has shown them sional delegation under the leadership organize basketball teams. The winners that lasting success and happiness do not of Senator JENNINGS RANDOLPH and Sen­ in league play advance to division tour­ lie in the pleasures and temptations of ator RoBERT C. BYRD. naments, and the division champions be­ the material-rich world which surrounds Representatives and spokesmen from come the participants in the all-church them, but lie instead in the spiritual both Pennsylvania and West Virginia tournaments. treasures in which home and church and were unanimous in recommending an ex­ The senior tournament, which is be­ faith and service abound. tension of the interstate route from ing played this week, is held annually in Washington, Pa., to Beckley, W.Va., and the spacious George Albert Smith Field· to continue to the West Virginia-Virginia house at Brigham Young University border in the immediate vicinity of my which is the largest church-operated Could Be a True Story home city of Bluefield. This requested university in the Nation. With pride extension will connect the Great Lakes and enthusiasm, Dr. Ernest L. Wilkinson EXTENSION OF REMARKS and Florida. Brigham Young University president: Mr. Speaker, I strongly feel that the and the school's 10,000 students serve as benefits which may be derived from allo­ hosts and provide cheering sections for HON. BRUCE ALGER cating the some 200 miles requested for the 32 teams. Thousands of spectators OF TEXAS this specific route fully justify this re­ annually see the tournament, whose IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quest. championship game traditionally is tele· Tuesday, March 24, 1959 In addition to the advantages this vised to western audiences. route would provide for national de­ Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, you are a fense-the closest available sheltered In other seasons the young men and retailer and the manufacturer sets your boys play softball and volleyball. MIA north-south route in the East, protected prices on the merchandise you handle by the Allegheny Mountains-the avail­ a~hletics are a year-round program and sell. You must sell at that· price. which stresses the blessing of good health ability of adequate underground area for The manufacturer thus protected then protecting industrial facilities, and so and the value of physical fitness. The makes the same product for a big chain forth, this route would help West Vir­ all-church championships are cherished or department store who puts on the ginia's present industries to expand and prizes. But the emphasis lies not alone product his own trademark or brand. upon winning. In every all-church help West Virginia attract new indus­ This he sells at a price of his own tries and create vitally needed new pro­ tournament a prize more coveted than choosing-let us say a six-tube radio­ ductive payrolls. the championship itself is the sports­ considerably below your identical radio. West Virginia suffers more from un­ manship trophy, whose winners are You cannot lower your price-your employment and lack of prospective job rousingly applauded as real champions prices are controlled by the manufac­ opportunities than any other State in in their own right. t~rers. You lose your customers to the the Union. In the local league play, and in the department store or chainstore. You go Mr. Speaker, nature has given West tournaments, the players invariably broke. VVhY? - Virginia some of the ·most beautifur 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5121 scenery to be found in the world. One of chairman of economics at Geneva Col­ CONGRATULATE RAYBURN our brightest economic spots lies, in the lege points out: While celebrating the anniversary of the attraction of tourists. One of our diffi­ If the owners of pharmacies would agree Constitution, several Members took occasion culties today is the lack of adequate roads to sell all brands of toothpaste at the same at the same time to congratulate Speaker and highways. This proposed route price to avoid price competition, the law SAM RAYBURN, who on March 4 completed his would declare this horizontal price fixing. 46th year of service as a Member of the House would provide an accessible avenue which of Representatives. Speaker RAYBURN has al­ would greatly benefit our entire State. But if the pharmacists would persuade each manufacturer to fair trade his products, the ready held this office longer than any man in Even with the present handicap, tourism end result is horizontal price fixing. our history. In entering his 47th year of now ranks in dollar value as the third service, he now has also exceeded all previous most important income producer in West Thus, vertical and horizontal price fix­ records of service in the Congress. So far as Virginia, following mining and manufac­ ing both result and declaring one legal is known, this record is also unprecedented or illegal in this case necessarily affects in the history of the entire world. turing. I understand that $240 million William Gladstone served in the Parlia­ · was spent in our State by tourists during the other. Simply saying this is not so ment of Great Britain for 60 years and 1958. in a bill. Fair trade will not change the Winston Churchill is serving his 54th year. Additional highway construction result. But both these great English statesmen were would provide employment for thou­ el~cted to Parliament for only a limited sands of our presently unemployed. Pri­ period and later appointed to the House of vate industry would then be able to de­ Comments by Representative Joe L. Lords in perpetuity. So that it appears that velop facilities to better accommodate Mr. RAYBURN has served as an elected mem­ Evins of Tennessee ber of a national legislature longer than any the traveler who would enjoy the great man in the history of modern democracies. natural beauty of our State _of West Our great State of Tennessee may right­ Virginia. EXTENSION OF REMARKS fully take pride in this unprecedented While I deeply appreciate the. careful OF achievement because SAM RAYBURN was born consideration that will be given by om..: in east Tennessee, in Roane County, adjoin­ cials to this request--in the event mile­ HON. ESTES KEFAUVER ing our own Fourth District. The Speaker age should become available in the inter­ OF TENNESSEE is one of the many distinguished men whom our great State has contributed to the his­ state program-the fact · remains that IN THE SENATE .OF THE UNITED STATES 41,000 miles have been allocated, with the tory of Texas-a list that includes Sam Tuesday, March 24, 1959 Houston, Davy Crockett and many others. exception of a small amount reserved Our State has contributed three Speakers for contingencies. Therefore, I am hap­ Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, by election-John Bell, James K. Polk, and PY to introduce in the House a bill to Representative JoE L. EviNS, the very Joe Byrns; we can add with pride the name amend the Federal-Aid Highway Act of able Representative from the Fourth Of SAM RAYBURN by nativity. 1958 (72 Stat. 89) to provide additional Tennessee Congressional District, wrote Although the principal duty of the Speaker funds for the construction of highways a splendid newsletter on the commem­ is to serve as the presiding officer of the in labor surplus areas. This measure is House, the office carries with it many other oration of the 170th anniversary of our exacting duties, great power and respon­ identical to S. 423 which is presently Constitution, and on the occasion of the sibility. In his ability to influence the course pending in the U.S. Senate. congratulation of the Speaker of the of our Nation, the Speaker is probably second Mr. Speaker, it is my hope that similar House, the Honorable SAM RAYBURN, on only to the President: legislation . will be passed by this Con­ his long tenure of service in the Con­ Speaker 'RAYBURN has served our Nation gress, and I am grateful to be privileged gress. well and uses his great office with a high to give this proposal my full and com­ · This thoughtful and well prepared sense of public duty. Though the leader of plete support. the - ~mocratic Party in the House, he has newsletter appeared fn a number of discharged his official duties as an American. Tennessee papers. without narrow partisan consict,eration, anq · Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ always with a truly national rather than pro.: sent that the newsletter be printed in vincial point of view. Tennessee, Texas, and Price Fixing-Vertical Becomes the RECORD. all America may take equal pride in his rec­ Horizontal There being no objection, the news­ ord of service in the public interest. letter was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: EXTENSION OF REMARKS [From the Johnson City (Tenn.) Chronicle, Women Will Rebel OF Mar. 14, 1959] HON. BRUCE ALGER CAPITOL COMMENTS EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF TEXAS (By JoEL. EviNS, Member of Congress, OF IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fourth District Tennessee) HON. BRUCE ALGER Tuesday, March 24, 1959 The House last week, on March 4, paused in its deliberations to observe two historic OF TEXAS Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, vertical events. First, the 170th anniversary of our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price fixing is illegal according to anti­ Constitution-that historic document which trust law. Collusion or conspiring to set has provided the framework for our Govern­ Tuesday, March 24, 1959 prices by manufacturer, distributor, or ment; and, secondly, to congratulate the Speaker of the House, SAM RAYBURN, on his Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, fair trade dealer is declared illegal by antitrust law long tenure of service in the Congress. is the setting of prices by manufacturers serving as a protection to businesses in The 170 years that have passed since our and will occur if and when Congress sets healthy competition. Horizontal price Constitution went into effect have seen the aside antitrust price-fixing protection by fixing is illegal, too. Manufacturers, dis­ Nation expand and grow from Thirteen Colo­ an alleged fair trade bill-H.R. 1253. tributors or dealers respectively must not nies on the Atlantic seaboard to 49 States Some retailers blame discount houses as get together to set prices. No one ques­ stretching from coast to coast. T.oday Amer­ the cause of retailers pricing troubles. tions the need for such protection. Not ica is the most highly developed nation in the Not so. Discount houses may well be a world, covering half the continent and reach­ until now, that is. ing into the Arctic Circle. From a thin popu­ manifestation of a change in our whole Now, the terms of the proposed fair lation of 3 million it has grown to its present distribution apparatus. Discount houses, trade bill H.R. 1253 are simple---set aside teeming 175 million. in short, are a recognition of a fact of this antitrust protection of business and The problems of today are far different, life, not the cause of it. permit vertical price fixing by the manu­ and many feel far more numerous, than Fair trade is unenforcible in the facturer stipulating the retailers' price. they were 170 years ago; but the Constitu­ courts and in the marketplace. It is Well, there's a sleeper in this one. tion still stands with only a few amend­ unenforcible because people can see for ments, still successfully guiding the course Problems of definition always trip up the of our Nation and still preserving the free­ themselves that it is not fair, but unfair. bureaucrat or economic planner trying doms that are our tradition. Our Constitu• Price setting is in the retailers province, to control the uncontrollable, namely the tion is the oldest living and active document price acceptance in the buyers-neither market place of healthy competition. of its kind-in existence today. Never in the is the manufacturers choice at the re­ Vertical price control will result in hori­ history of the world has a constitution tail level. Either this is so or we do not zontal control too. As Stewart Lee, served a nation so long and so well. have a competitive economy. 5122 CONGRESSIONAL RE(:ORD _ ,. HOUSE March 24 In this Nation people cannot be regi­ our· scientific research program, remairis on ..March 25, 1917, the Byelorussian mented by economic controls-not yet unsolved. Rada · assembled in Minsk declareli an anyway. Just wait until the shoppers In order to help solve this problem independent Byelorussian Democratic of this Nation, the women, realize the and to establish the means whereby ef­ Republic, ·thus marking the end of import of the fair trade price setting un­ fective management of our science pro­ occupation. der H.R. 1253, or similar bills. gram could be obtained, I have intro­ Unfortunately the Byelorussian Dem­ duced a bill, H.R. 5612, which calls for ocratic Republic was short lived. Once the creation of a Science and Technol­ again the Russian Army under a new ogy Agency. It ·is to be known as the slogan of communism overran the coun­ Need for an Overall Science and "Science and Technology Agency Act of try · and forced the first Byelorus­ Technology Agency 1959." sian Government into exile. However, The bill would create an independent neither the difficult path of exile nor Science and Technology Agency for the countless persecutions that followed on · EXTENSION OF REMARKS coordination and improvement of Fed­ Byelorussian territory swayed the firm OF eral functions relating to the conduct stand of the Byelorussian people. HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO and support of scientific training and The declaration of independence gave OF NEW YORK research. It takes the first necessary to every Byelorussian a special sacred step of reorganizing and integrating the meaning of freedom, a special respect IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES various science programs of the Federal and loyalty to all free nations seldom Tuesday, March 24, 1959 Government. The Science and Tech­ experienced by other peoples. Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, the first nology Agency is to be headed by a Di­ So this year on March 22, Americans sputnik aroused great public and con­ rector appointed by the President with of Byelortissian descent, marked the day gressional concern over the state of the consent of the Senate. · of the independence of Byelorussia ex­ American science and technology. That To this new Science and Technology tending their brotherly hand to all men event served to alert us and to spurt us Agency shall be transferred certain of Byelorussia who never yielded to the on to action, with the result that during existing agencies and functions of the will of any aggressor. the past year and a half we have made Government, together with their per­ I hope that Byelorussian Independ­ considerable progress and scored some sonnel, property, records, et cetera. ence Day will be celebrated each year notable achievements in these fields. Specifically named in the bill are the not only by Americans of Byelorussian There is some evidence, however, that following agencies: National Science descent but by all citizens and all men as a result of our own recent successes in Foundation, National Aeronautics and who value, respect and jealousy guard astronautics we are once again lapsing Space Administration, National Bureau freedom. into a state of complacency. The Eighth of Standards, and such other agencies Annual Report of the National Science as the Congress believes should be in­ Foundation warns us as follows: corporated in the overall agency. Free People Need Free Prices We have only made a beginning; the major Such additional matters as the proc­ job is still to be done. As a nation, we ap­ essing and distribution of scientific in­ for Progress pear to forget that we live in a competitive formation, educational grants and loans, world and shall continue to do so. It seems national institutes of scientific research abundantly clear that we shall rapidly lose EXTENSION OF REMARKS and cooperative international programs OF in competition, unless we can show more may later be incorporated in the bill, or determined and constructive efforts than we have during the past years. discussed in the committee's report to HON. BRUCE ALGER the House, as the recommendations of OF TEXAS This is a warning we should heed. the executive agencies and the testi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It deserves our fullest attention. I have mony at tne. hearings on the measure given it considerable thought and it is would demonstrate their need. The bill Tuesday, March 24, 1959 as a result of this warning that I was was referred to the House Committee on Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, it is argued prompted to take the action described Science and Astronautics, and I trust that the fair tra,de pill, H.R. 1253, will in the succeeding paragraphs. the committee will place it high on its give the pri(!e protection needed because A vital element in an adequate science calendar for early hearings and due there are other forms of Manufacturers' program is, to my mind, the creation of consideration. · · control of prices at retail such as selling a single agency -in which the National on consignment and manufacturer­ Science Foundation, the National Aero­ owned retail stores. If a manufacturer nautics and Space Administration and is really interested in controlling the re­ other existing Federal science agencies Celebration of the 41st Anniversary of tail price, then maybe that same manu­ can be gathered together under one roof. facturer should assume some of the risks This would make for efficiency, econ­ Byelorussia's Independence which manufacturers assume when sell­ omy, better coordination and coopera­ ing on consignment or when owning the tion, and above all for greater achieve­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS retail outlet. Risk and responsibility are ments in less time. OF part of consignment selling ana owning At the present time, our Government retail outlets, but what are the additional administers a vast and highly diversi­ HON. FRANCIS E. DORN responsibilities and risks which will be fied research and development effort in OF NEW YORK assumed by the manufacturer under this science. This, in itself, is a task of al­ resale price maintenance bill? most incredible complexity. Consider­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The rise of the so-called discount ing the dimensions of this task, it is Tuesday, March 24, 1959 house is used as an argument for enact­ not surprising that we have as yet not Mr. DORN of New York. Mr. ing a Federal fair trade bill, but a study been able to devise the most effective Speaker, on Sunday, March 22, Ameri­ of the discount house indicates rather ways and means for managing such a cans of Byelorussian descent celebrated strongly that State fair trade laws stim­ gigantic and varied program. To be the 41st anniversary of the independence ulated its growth. A high, well adver­ sure, there have been attempts in the of Byelorussia. tised price with a wide profit margin past to relate the research and develop­ The history of the struggle for inde­ naturally stimulates such competition. ment activities of various Government pendence by Byelorussian people was Since when is Federal law designed to agencies to each other, as well as to re­ long, constant, sacrificial, dedicated and assure a guaranteed fat profit? search activities being carried on out­ determined, marked with armed up­ The truth of the situation concerning side of the Government. These efforts, risings and reflected in most of the Byel­ the entire fair trade genesis may be however, have had limited objectives orussian literature as well as being led found to be resistance to better merchan-· and even more limited results. Conse­ and inspired by all of the nationa1 dising, a fighting of the progress in more quently, the fundamental problem, that leaders and supported morally by many efficient merchandising and distribution. is, to devise effective means to manage neighboring countries. But. pr.ogress we will, with or without 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5123 the Federal mandate of a fair trade bill, have the beauty and dignity and harmony of tically, puts the brand of servitude and deg­ conceived in shortsightedness. CUstom­ the Constitution." Equal protection of the radation upon a large class of our. fellow laws, he said, must begin in the homes of all citizens, our equals before the law." ers will demand greater effi.eiency, Americans. These are the words from the dissenting better production, distribution, and In spelling out the problem which we face, opinion of Justice Harlan in the historic merchandising-that is, so long as they I do not wish to leave the impression that case of Plessy v. Ferguson. As we all know, are a free people. we are not making progress. Advancements Justice Harlan's colleagues on the Supreme in the field of civil rights and human under­ Court rejected his defense of man's rights standing are being made every day. under the Constitution by adopting the I was heartened to read only the other "separate but equal" doctrine. Human Rights Are Everybody's Problem day that your. new State superintendent of However, Justice Harlan's dissenting opin­ public schools here has announced that he ion was finally accepted in 1954 in the case intends to take affirmative action against of Brown v. Board of Education in which the EXTENSION OF REMARKS segregation in certain schools in southern Court stated: "We conclude that in the OF Illinois. field of public education the doctrine of Yes, more and more jobs are opening to separate but equal has no place. Separate - HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY qualified Negroes. Fewer and fewer trade educational facilities are inherently un­ OF MINNESOTA unions mai~tain color ba;rs. Progress is be­ equal." IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED .S:TATES ing made, slowly to be sure,· toward non­ Justice Harlan had been a slaveholder him- ' segregated housing. self, and an opponent of the 13th amend­ Tuesday, March 24, 1959 And in the ·south there is encouraging ment. He was, 'however, a just and righteous progress also. The recent opening of inte­ man with a deep reverence for the COnstitu­ Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, on grated schools in Virginia is a Inilestone. tion, and he clearly understood what was in..: February 22, it was my privilege to ad­ Its significance cannot be overestimated. tended by the 14th amendment. As his biog­ dress the Chicago Conference for Broth­ The doctrine of massive resistance in that rapher stated: erhood at the Shoreland Hotel, Chicago, histo:r;ic State has collapsed completely. "The simplicity and directness with which Ill. The theme of my ·address was tnat In Kentucky, 85 percent of the schools he viewed it approaches that of a layman. Human Rights Are Everybody's Problem. have been integrated. He believed that it should be construed in I ask unanimous consent that this In the border State of Maryland, integra­ accordance with the views of the framers and speech be printed in the RECORD. tion of schoolS is almost complete· and has the dictates of commonsense." taken' place without any . difil:mlties. Justice Harlan's opinion should be read There being no objection, the speech Tennessee is in the second year of a start and heard today by every citizen in the land. was ordered to be printed in tlie RECORD, with its capital city integration · plan as It demolishes the emotional arguments as follows: accepted by the court. which have been raised in an effort to bury REMARKS BY SENATOR HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, In North Carolina, its largest city, Char­ the simple and fundamental constitutional BEFORE THE CHICAGO CONFERENCE FOR lotte, is proceeding with an accepted plan; its guarantee of equal protection of the law. BROTHERHOOD, FEBRUARY 22, 1959, CHICAGO, fine university has for years had Negro Yes, it is this guarantee which we must ILL. students. constantly keep in mind. We must not let Throughout our country people have been In Texas, · Negroes were admitted to the ·it be pushed aside and obscured. The 14th meeting this past week in commemoration of university several years ago, and many of its amendment is clear: · National Brotherhood Week. towns and _cities have integrated their "No State shall make or enforce any law Such gatherings reflect a growing aware­ schools. which shall abridge the ·privileges ~r im­ ness of the importance of human brother­ Louisiana admitted Negroes to the State _munit_ies of citizens of t:tle ·United States; University 2 years ago, and this year ad­ nor _shall any ~tate deprive any person of hood and understanding in a free and demo­ mitted Negroes to its undergraduate school cratic society. As never before in our his­ ,l~fe, _liberty, or property, without due process tory, there is a recognition that suspicion in New Orleans. of law; nor deny to any person within its and prejudice stand as a mortal threat to the In Florida, a Negro has been admitted to -jurisdiction the equal protection of the political and social health of the · Nation. its law school, and Governor Collins, a com;­ laws." Discrimination, bigotry, and prejudice are ageous and good man, has proposed the When the Supreme Court in 1954 overthrew abolition of all Negro graduate schools and the dangerous subversive forces at work in the "separate but equal" doctrine, it our society. the admission to the regular university of breathed new life into the Constitution. The denial of equal rights to so many of their students this coming September. Such a decision was inevitable in an age There are only four States in the South when second-class citizenship can no longer our citizens, as a result of such prejudice, is which have made no start toward integra­ the r~ason that we are gathered here tonight. be tolerated. There can be only one class of The aenial of the God-given right to freedom tion and in which a policy of massive re­ citizens permitted under our legal struc­ is the No. 1 moral and political issue which sistance continues unabated. ture; and those who argue otherwise are in we fa.ce today in America and in the world. So progress is being made. And this is opposition to the supreme law of the land the encouraging thing to remember. The Tht~ present struggle between the free and the basic and fundamental principles world nations and the Communist bloc is, job remaining to be done is still tremendous, upon which our Nation was founded. after nll, based upon the fundamental issue but we have every reason to feel confident The framers of the Declaration of Inde­ of matt's right to freedom. This is what the that we have reached the time in our coun­ pendence laid down the basic philosophy of present conflict, when all is said and done, is try's history when the goal we seek of first­ our Government when they wrote: all about. The issue is whether government class citizenship for all our people is in sight. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, should be the servant of the people or master Both as mayor of Minneapolis and as a that all men are created equal, that they are of the people. · U.S. Senator I have worked for legislation endowed by their Creator with certain in­ In such a basic and crucial strug-gle we to protect the rights of all the people. I alienable rights, that among these are life, cannot afford to ignore denials of freedom have advocated civil rights legislation on the liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That right here in America. We must put our basis of the moral law and the constitutional to secure these rights,' governments are in­ own house in order if we are not to be con­ guarantees of freedom to all citizens. stituted among men, deriving their just sidered hypocrites when we point-an accus­ I would like to set forth to you these basic powers from the consent of the governed." ing finger at the Soviets for their denial of and fundamental principles upon which I In these short sentences is summarized human rights. have based my stand. Emotional outbursts two great and abiding ideas which have And may I add that the problem we face and arguments of those who oppose civil served to guide our country for almost ·200 right here at home is not a regional problem rights must not cloud the basic issue; years. only confined to the South. We know this namely, the moral and constitutional duty First of all, that man has certain rights only too well from firsthand experience. of the State to protect and to guarantee the under the natural law; rights given to him Minority groups still face employment bar­ rights of its citizens, regardless of their not by the government, but rights given to riers and by gentlemen's agreements a sys­ race, religion, creed, color or national origin. him by God, Himself. As such these rights tem of restrictive covenants is effectively In the year 1896, a great American wrote are unchangeable and everlasting and above maintained in many towns and cities of the the following words on this duty of the the power of Government to destroy or deny. North. Government: Second, governments are established by At the conclusion of the recent New York "The sure guarantee of peace and security the people for the primary purpose of secur­ hearings of the Civil Rights Commission, of each race is the clear, distinct, uncondi­ ing these natural rights--which include that Father Hesbergh, president of Notre Dame, tional recognition by our Governments, Na­ of liberty-and to protect the individual in speaking on behalf of the Commission mem­ tional and State, of every right that inheres their enjoyment. bers, said that it had been demonstrated in civil freedom, and of equality before the This indeed was a radical philosophy of beyond a doubt that the problem of dis­ law of all citizens of the United States with­ government in the 18th century, and there crimination in housing 1s nationwide in out regard to race. We boast of freedom were many who deemed it both dangerous scope. enjoyed by our people above all other peo­ and visionary. But this doctrine has served "We are talking about the face of America," ple. But it is difilcult to reconcile that us well and under it our Nation has grown said Father Hesbergh, "and that face must boast with a state of the law, which, prac· and prospered and government has remained 5124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 24 the servant rather than the master of the whereby equality under the law shall be Senator JoHNsoN is to be commended for people. Unfortunately, however, this great assured to all citizens in as orderly and civil offering his civil rights bill and for indicating concept of a government established to pro­ a manner as possible. I am convinced that that he intends to push for its adoption by tect the rights of all the people is still not it can be done if we but put our minds and the Senate. · · accepted by all. There is stm a denial of our hearts to it. I think it is significant that under the freedom and equality to many of our fellow We in the Congress have a grave responsi­ leadership and direction of Se;nator JoHN­ citizens--particularly those of the Negro race. bility to aid in protecting the rights of all soN, a Senator from a State which was part To the extent that our Federal, State, and the people. And we are making headway. of the Confederacy, no less than 5 of the local governments fail to protect the natural The Civil Rights Act -of 1957 was the first 22 southern Senators voted for the Civil rights of the citizens, such governments are civil rights legislation passed by Congress Rights Act of 1957. For the first time the failing to fulfill their function according to since 1875. It added greatly to the excellent solid South split on the civil rights issue. our basic philosophy of the role of govern­ record of the 85th Congress. While it failed There is general agreement that the 86th ment. to contain many of the proposals that I, and Congress will pass further civil rights legis­ Human rights are inalienable rights. They many of my colleagues, had hoped and lation. And it will be significant action. are God's gift to man-and their protection worked for, it was a positive step forward. Yes, we are moving forward. We are mak­ and advancement is the first obligation of Under this act there was created a Commis­ ing progress on wiping out the great evils organized society. sion on Civil Rights, a Civil Rights Division of discrimination and segregation. The gap Government at all levels must give con­ in the Department of Justice, and most im­ between the flowing words embodied in the structive and imaginative leadership in the portant of all, the Attorney General was em­ Declaration of Independence and the Con­ effort to overcome discrimination through­ powered to seek an injunction when a person stitution and the denial of first-class citizen­ out the Nation. was deprived or about to be deprived of his ship to so many of our people, is being faced Protection of human rights is the moral right to vote. These were provisions which up to. This gap is slowly but surely being responsibility of government officials in a many of us had striven for many years to closed. free and democratic society. They have the achieve. The words of a distinguished American, a obligation to establish standards and prac­ This civil rights record of the 85th Con­ former Senate colleague from North Caro­ tices of equal rights and equal protection of gress, however, should not serve as an excuse lina, Frank P. Graham, summarize the op­ the law for all citizens to follow. for failing to take further action in the portunity which we now have to advance the However, action of representative govern­ 86th. And I am confident that we will have cause of freedom: ment generally reflects moral and political reason to be proud of the civil rights record "With human liberty in peril around the standards of its citizenry. For that reason of this Congress. earth, may the people of the United States, fulfillment of civil rights and civil liberties As you know, a number of civil rights bills in cooperation with free nations, light up is the continuing responsibility of every com­ have already been introduced in the Con­ the wide heavens of the hopes of all peoples munity, of every civic organization, and of gress this year. with another great declaration of the equal every individual. Action in Congress is vital Senator JoHNSON has offered a bill which freedom and dignity of all people. Now is and important, of course-but it is not would (a) make it a Federal crime to bomb the time to make c1ear to the friends of enough alone. schools, churches and other buildings; (b) freedom in the East and West that freedom, Leadership from the President, the execu­ grant the Attorney General subpena power due process of equal justice under law, and tive branch of our Federal Government, from in investigations of violations of voting the equal opportunity for all people are the our Governors and from our mayors is equally rights; (c) extend the life of the Civil Rights historic and living sources of the faith of important, of course-but it too is not Commission another two years; and (d) the American people in themselves, of the enough alone. establish a Community Relations Service to world's faith in America, and of America's We need courageous leaders in behalf of provide conciliation service to communities moral influence and power in the world." human rights in every community. We need involved in civil rights disputes. local action, as well as national action. We The administration's proposed bills would need private action as well as public action. (a) make the use of force or threat of force to obstruct court orders in school integra­ The cause of civil rights should enlist the Fair Trade Anachronism active support of government, of voluntary tion cases a Federal offense; (b) provide organizations, of religious groups and insti­ funds for education of the children of mem­ tutions, and of civic bodies. Only by such bers of the armed services in areas where unified action can we truly fulfill man­ the public schools have been closed; (c) EXTENSION OF REMARKS kind's inalienable rights. make it a Federal offense to travel in inter­ OF state commerce to avoid prosecution for the Great progress, as I have already noted, bombing of religious or school property; (d) has been made in recent years in the field of HON. BRUCE ALGER prohibit the destruction of voting registra­ OF TEXAS civil rights, but we still have a long way to tion lists and make such lists and records go. available for examination by the Depart­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES So long as segregation is practiced in ment of Justice; (e) authorize appropria­ Tuesday, March 24, 1959 schools, parks, libraries, hospitals, buses and tions by the Federal Government to assist trains, we will not have achieved true free­ local school agencies in desegregation pro­ Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the fair dom. So long as color bars exist in housing, grams; (f) extend the life of the Civil Rights trade is a legislative anachronism. The hotels, restaurants and theaters, we will be Commission 2 additional years; and (g) cre­ short of the goal. So long as citizens are language of the bill would do credit to ate a Commission on Equal Job Opportunity the Government control of socialism. denied the right to vote or denied the right under Government Contracts. to a job because of their color, we will have Your own Senator PAUL DOUGLAS and I, At the least it contains the bureaucratic failed to live up to our announced principles. joined by several other Members of the dictation of the planned economy con­ Those of us who maintain that it is the Senate, have introduced a bill which (a) cept, not free enterprise. What is obligation of government to protect the civil endorses the principle of the antidiscrimi­ meant by such phrases as ''prices that rights of all citizens are proposing no new nation decisions of the Supreme Court; (b) are adequate to stimulate said distribu­ or radical idea. Our position is as old as the provides that the Attorney General may ion and low enough to enable distribu­ Declaration of Independence itself; founded institute a civil action for the purpose of tors of such identified merchandise to on the basis of faith in the natural rights of preventing any interference with a person's man and in the Constitution of the United right to equal protection of the laws; and compete effectively with those market­ States. (c) authorizes the Secretary of Health, Edu­ ing goods of the same general class and I realize only too well that segregation cation, and Welfare to (1) render technical to satisfy the needs of ultimate con­ cannot and will not be wiped out overnight. assistance to aid in school desegregation; sumers." Prejudices which have developed over scores (2) provide grants to areas where desegrega­ Now, what does this mean? Prices of years cannot simply be ignored in work­ tion in pu,blic schools is being carried out; "high enough to"-"or low enough to"­ ing toward the goal of equality under the (3) prepare plans for the elimination of and who is so wise to know what to pre­ law. But these very real problems and road­ segregation in public schools where no effort blocks to understanding should not and has been made to comply with the Court's scribe by legislative edict? What means cannot be permitted to serve as excuses for decision; and (4) institute legal proceed­ the phrase "of the same general class" refusing to act. ings to enforce compliance when such plans or "to satisfy the needs?" And who will It is my firm conviction that government are rejected by State or local officials. play the Almighty in giving the ans­ must give constructive and imaginative lead­ I personally feel that the most meaningful wers? ership in this endeavor. This will require legislation is that which Senator DouGLAS The answers can be found only in patience, understanding, and a determination and I are sponsoring. This is not to say that the marketplace where merchandise in on the part of men of good will to cooperate the b11ls as offered by Senator JoHNSON and in a dispassionate manner. by the administration are not desirable. I competition is selected or rejected for a This is no time for name ca111ng or for think that they are. They would be steps price or for bargaining between seller emotional tirades or for holier-than-thou forward. Not as long strides forward as I and buyer. Thousands of transactions attitudes. It is the time to calmly and ra­ and many of my colleagues in the Congress daily provide the answer-not a bureau­ tionally discuss and work out methods favor, but forward strides nevertheless. crat, nor we in Congress assembled. 1959, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5125 American Education in the Space Age matter of where-we-stand on education to­ 1ng and technology. So while I believe in day, and from them I draw certain con­ balance and scope for American education, a clusions. look into the future assures the high strate­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS One of those conclusions is that the pres­ gic importance of physical science to our OP ent disposition of the American public to national security, our prosperity, and our cast a critical eye on its educational process international preeminence. We cannot af­ HON. DAVID S. KING is more than justified. Improvement would ford to lag in this direction. OF UTAH seem essential to our continued role of After mulling over Soviet school curricu­ leadership in the world community. lums and the reports of competent educators IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At the same time, my plea is for balance. who have made careful studies of the Soviet Tuesday, March 24, 1959 If, for example, we go on a nationwide edu­ educational system-what it is accomplishing cational binge which favors only the natural and how-I am convinced that we can find Mr. KING of Utah. Mr. Speaker, un­ sciences-we shall almost certainly be as in the Russian effort much that is worth der leave to extend my remarks in the poorly off as if we totally ignored the need serious reflection. We might even take a RECORD, I include the speech which I de­ for more and better scientific training. few leaves from their book on such points livered March 20, 1959, to the first meet­ Clearly we cannot do the latter. Nor can as these: ing of new Space Law and Sociology we do the former. 1. Provide wider and better basic scien­ Committee of the American Rocket So­ All the science in the world will not achieve tific training at the elementary and sec­ the fine destiny most of us visualize for our ondary school level, using revised and up-to­ ciety. The speech, entitled "American country if we do not also continue to nourish date text and learning aids. Education in the Space Age," follows: our gifts of philosophy, law, and effective 2. Emphasize languages at these same AMERICAN EDUCATION IN THE SPACE AGE self-governmen~to show sustained progress levels. I am informed that by the time a It is no secret that there has been a good in the social sciences and the humanities Russian youngster completes his lOth year deal of dissatisfaction with American edu­ and, above all, in spiritual values. These are in school, he not only reads but has con­ cation in recent times. areas in which we have a strong lead, I be­ versational competence in a foreign lan­ The question as to how much of it may be lieve, over all but a very few of the homoge­ guage. Significantly, 45 out of every 100 stu­ warranted is, no doubt, open to dispute. But nous, highly civilized small nations; and the dents at this level know English, 35 know the dissatisfaction is there, and I believe it gap between the Soviets and ourselves in German, and 20 know French. Common merits a long, hard look. Let us take a mo­ these areas is pronounced. sense suggests the great advantage of this ment to explore the reasons for this phen­ Nevertheless, the social sciences are no in reaping the benefit of knowledge which omenon. more static than the physical ones. They others have acquired in other tongues. Educators say that this era of scholastic call for continuing research and application 3. Step up rapidly the translation of for­ soul searching has been consistently picking of trained effort. Otherwise, we shall not be eign scientific writing into English, espe­ up steam ever since World War II, which­ able to make maximum use of them in the cially Russian ones, and insure their dis­ like all wars-initiated a strong trend toward cause of world leadership. semination. We may as well face the fact social introspection. World War II and the This is something the Russians seem to that Americans do not have the same every­ Korean war disclosed weaknesses and soft have learned very well in regard to the natu­ day necessity for foreign language as Euro­ spots in many phases of our civilization. And ral sciences. While it has become trite to call peans, and therefore we will probably never so we became conscious of certain rips and attention to the great efforts the Soviets are have the same language proficiency no mat­ tears in our educational fabric. This is one making in education, I am, nonetheless, im­ ter how much educational emphasis we place .reason for the dissatisfaction. pressed with the uniform observation of upon languages. We must offset this with Another is that we have reached a point American educators, scientists, and lawyers translations. Some are being done now at in the evolution of history where rates of who have recently spent time in the U.S.S.R., Government level by the Library of Con­ change and the tempo of events have speeded studying their institutions, an observation to gress, the Central Intelligence Agency, and up tremendously, and are steadily gathering the effect that education has become almost the Department of Commerce. But for the more speed. What was good enough yes­ a fetish in the Soviet Union. most part our translations seem to be a terday will not be good enough tomorrow. "Education," says U.S. Commissioner of matter of too little and too late, with a cir­ Scarcely any social facet of our civilized Education Lawrence Derthick, "is paramount culation that is far too limited. The Rus­ world either was or is prepared to adjust in Russia. It is a kind of grand passsion­ sians' astounding progress in science is un­ rapidly enough to match the whirling pace this conviction that children, schools, and doubtedly due in part to their assiduous of invention, of science and of population. hard work will win them their place in the work in translating scientific publications. Education is one of those social facets. They translate our scientific articles, jour­ sun, and on the moon. We are today in com­ nals, and textbooks into Russian soon after A third reason, of course, has been the petition with a nation of vast resources, a they are published. And their translations overnight appearance of the specter of Soviet people of seeemingly unbounded enthusiasm of our work are widely circulated among science, which-like the genie from the for self-development, and fired with convic­ their scientists. We accept a serious handi­ bottle--materialized on the world's political tion that future supremacy belongs to those cap in the technology race when we fail to horizon with the launching of Sputnik I. with the best-trained minds, those who will take similar advantage of their scientific This sudden realization that the Soviets were work hard and sacrifice." publications. Naturally, not all of their not only playing in the same technical I am not one of those who believes we scientific publications are available to us, league as the United States but, in some re­ must emulate the Soviets in all things. So but we are making no consistent effort to spects, were leading us by a disturbing mar­ far as education is concerned, it seems clear translate and distribute those which are. gin was a rude shock to our superiority com­ that they are, in many ways, trying to emu­ The best example of this was the sputnik plex. late us-whether or not they know it or will surprise. In scientific publications avail­ Such was the picture as we entered the admit it. As one recent visitor to the U.S.S.R. able to us, the Russians announced, some space age 17 months ago. I need not de­ put it: "Everywhere in Russia are evidences 90 days before they shot their first sputnik scribe the berating which American edu­ not only of passionate love of country but into orbit, the very date on which the satel­ cation has taken since then. At times the of a burning desire to surpass the United lite would be launched. Because we had :flaying has assumed almost hysterical pro­ States in education, in production, in stand­ failed to translate this information, the portions. And, while subsequent spectacu­ ard of living, in world trade, and in athletics. sputnik caught us by surprise. lar demonstrations of our own aptitude for The slogan we saw most, in posters, films, 4. Elevate the stature of our teaching pro­ space have quieted the clamor to a degree, it and everywhere, was 'Reach and overreach fession. This is probably the most important can still be heard. Our educational system America.'" and, at the same time, the most difticult of remains under a blanket of heavy criticism, In this quest, Russia has followed the all our educational problems. Somehow it and the conviction is still general that we United States example. It has adopted phi­ must be done. must do something about it. losophy of mass education, to attempt to Perhaps the root of the problem lies in This leads to the key question: Is all this raise the knowledge level of all its people, the public attitude toward education. I concern and criticism a healthy thing? and not simply to educate a chosen few. sometimes wonder whether we Americans Generally speaking, I believe that so long But if the Soviet emphasis is different have the respect for education and educators as we do not undermine public confidence from ours, and if (as our experts allege) it is that we imagine we have. If our respect were in our school system the answer is, yes. The topheavy in the physical sciences, stereo­ as great as we imagine, our teachers already reasons for the conclusion will be presented typed in the arts, and rigidly controlled in would enjoy the professional stature they later. First, however, let me say that I do other ways for political purposes-still we deserve. Instead, we often find them in the not hold myself out as a professional edu­ cannot afford to ignore what is proving effec­ embarrassing plight of being their own best cator or education expert. However, I have tive in their system. advocates, of waging their own fight for a taught school. My native State has a fine Obviously the Soviets are making prodi­ comfortable living standard which would teputation in education. And I have always gious strides in science, in mathematics, allow them to give their undivided attention been deeply interested in the general prob­ physics, biology, astronomy, chemistry, nu­ and energy to training our children. lem. cleonics, electronics, and other sciences. And I firmly believe that in the lives of our More important, perhaps, I have listened their great achievements in rocketry and the children, education should have first priority. to ma.ny scores of hours of testimony from aeronautical and space sciences leave little But in American homes I find that school­ those who are educational experts in this doubt of a growing proficiency in engineer- work is seldom given proper priority-that

CV-32~ 1 5126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 24 it must compete for time and attention with misnomer. The language is as un­ their utilization of these lands, the people television, radio, and recreation, with social fathomable as washington gobbledygook are entitled to expect that their timber, min­ engagements, and with the preparations for can contrive. What means "unfair and erals, streams, and water supply, wildlife those social engagements. Too much em­ and recreational values should be safe­ phasis is placed on fun. Not enough em­ deceptive acts" or "satisfy the needs of guarded, improved, and made available not phasis is placed on the orderliness and stern ultimate consumers" or "prices that are only for this but for future generations. self-disciplines without which there can be adequate"? Unscrambling the meaning At the same time public lands should be no significant progress in any academic field and intent will assure all attorneys more made available for their best use under con­ of endeavor. business than they can handle and be a ditions that promote stability for commu­ In an age when the volume of man's field day for the courts, and they do nities and individuals and encourage full knowledge is growing at a fantastic rate, at not need the business. development of the resources involved. the time when our need for intellectual dis­ Heavy litigation and court redefining Accordingly, provisions for a marked in­ cipline has never been as great, we surround crease in management activities on the na­ our children with temptations and distrac­ or legislating the intent of Congress tional forests have been made in recent tions which obscure the importance of learn­ will be the end result if Congress passes years. These Federal properties have been ing and the value of a cultivated mind. Yes, the fair trade bill, H.R. 1253. substantially improved. The flow of values any reformation of American education, if it stemming from them has markedly increased. is to be successful, will have to begin at Our management experience clearly dictated home. . · the need fo:r; still·more intensive development In Russia the teacher is at the top of the and -management.·· · · · '·, professional ladder, on a par with the, USDA Announc~s Development Pr~gram As a .result,· in 1956 -I asked the Forest scientist and the party leader. He is more for Nationaf-F orests-- - Service to develop a lo:ag-range co:aservation highly regarded than the doctor, the lawyer, program for national-forest resources. The the journalist, the entertainer or the artist. first result of this request was a 5-year pro­ No doubt this is why the Soviets now operate. E:XTENSION OF REMARKS gram, Operation Outdoors; the second is 484 teachers colleges not counting their OF the enclosed "Pro_gram for the National universities. · Forests." In the United States there are 332 ac­ HON. LEON H. GAVIN This conservation program embraces all credited teachers colleges, public and private, OF PENNSYLVANIA the renewable resources of the national­ including the universities. While I am forest system-water, timber, recreation, for­ rarely moved by . compar~tive _figures, .this, I~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES age, and wildlife habitat. It includes both I submit, is a rather significant fact. We are Tuesday, March 24, 1959 long-range objectives and interim proposals. having real trouble getting eriough good The program provides for the continued or­ teachers. The Russians are not. And we Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Speaker, steps to derly use and development of the renewable cannot put the blame on our educational provide more timber, water, recreation, resources of these Federal lands in accord­ system per se when it belongs to us, the wildlife, and other renewable resources ance with the basic conservation principles public. So long as we make personal dis­ from the Nation's increasingly valuable of sustained yield and multiple ·use. What tinction and recognition synonymous with national forest system were proposed is done in the next 10 to 15 years will largely acquisitiveness, so long as we place teachers determine whether these vastly important low on the succe~s scale by p~ying them low today by Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson. .public lands will contribute by the year profes~ional saJaries .. (far lower than co:. ,2000 their fair' share to a greatly expanded medians, ballplayers, ·and. nightclub singers), With' special letters to the President national economy. · we are going to .continue to have difficulty ·of the Senate and the Speaker of the . +he· national forests are -w~dely scattered recruiting good ones. In view of the im­ House, Secretary Benson submitted a throughout the United States, occurring in mense importance of the teacher in our mod­ program to advance management and all ·but 10 States and in Puerto Rico. They ern world and· of his even· more critical role in the future; this is, truly; an agqnizing increase facilities of the national forests · are of direct benefit to millions of people. situation. · during the comi'ng years-to meet needs F-rom them are derived an impressive por­ · In conclusion, I reiterate my belief that of a growing population and expanding tion of the Nation's supply of meat, fiber, our current penchant for criticizing Ameri­ economy. shelter, water for irrigation, industrial, and can education is a good thing. It shows a The statement follows: domestic purposes, hydroelectric power, feed flexibility in our makeup that is highly for livestock and wildlife, and outdoor recre­ PROGRAM FOR THE NATIONAL FORESTS: COM­ ation. utilitarian; and it does not mean that we MUNICATION FROM THE SECRETARY OF AGRI­ are not proud of our educational process These national forests belong to ali CULTURE, TRANSMITTING A REPORT RELATIVE American citizens. Their resources and which, on a broad scale, neither the Soviets TO A PROGRAM FOR THE NATIONAL FORESTS nor any other people have yet been able to services are available for use by everyone. match. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, In recent years the use of these lands has If I may borrow words from one of this Washington, D.C., March 23, 1959. been increasing steadily. Demands are now country's most experienced and penetrating THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, such that a comprehensive program for the educators, Byron Hollinshead: U .S. Senate. orderly growth of development and man­ "It would be strange if an educational DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: A report entitled agement activities is of demonstrated urg­ system designed to carry out the democratic ''Program for the National Forests" is trans­ ency. Our rapidly growing population and idea or ideal did not have defects and diffi­ mitted herewith for information of the Con­ expanding economy indicate mounting and culties. No nation at any time in earlier gress and appropriate reference. competitive pressures for national forest re­ history has ever tried to give everybody President Eisenhower in his state of the sources. educational opportunity. But it is not only Union message in February 1953 called atten­ _I,.egtslative authorities for the recom­ that we have tried to follow a gr~at ideal. tion .to the v·ast · importance to this Nation, me.nded program are generally .adequate. We can be genuinely proud of what our now and in the futur"e, of our .soli and water, Supplemental legislation will be proposed as­ schools and colleges have accomplished, our forests and minerals, and our wildlife · the need arises. · Appropriation requests to proud of their present efficiency, variety, and­ resources. He indicated the need for a strqng implement the program will be submitted scope, and particularly proud that the pro-· Federal program in the field of resource de- to the Congress in future years in connec­ fessional conscience of our educators has velopment. . tion with budget presentations after due. given them the humility to see faults and th~ On July 31, 1953, the . President . supple­ consideration of the overall fiscal needs and desire to correct them." mented that message by sending to the Con­ resources of the Federal Government. gress a special message relative to a program A similar letter is being sent to the designed to conserve and improve the Na­ Speaker of the House of Representatives. tion's natural resources. Sincerely yours, Fair Trade a Misnomer In referring to the national forests ad­ EZRA TAFT BENSON, ministered by this Department and to other Secretary. public lands, the President stated in that EXTENSION OF REMARKS special message that the Federal Government PROGRAM FOR THE NATIONAL FORESTS 1 OF has a responsibility to manage wisely those There are presented herein long-range ob­ public lands and forests under its jurisdic­ jectives and a short-term conservation pro­ HON. BRUCE ALGER tion necessary in the interest of the public gram for the national forests and associated lands. The long-range objectives are related OF TEXAS as a whole. Important values exist in these lands for forest and mineral products, graz­ to the year 2000 and the short-term program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing, fish, and wildlife, and for recreation. to what needs to be done in the next 10 to Tuesday, March 24, 1959 Moreover, it is imperative to the welfare 15 years toward meeting current needs and of thousands of communities and millions attaining long-range objecives. Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, fair trade, of acres of irrigated land that such lands the setting of consumer prices by manu­ be managed to protect the water supply and 1 Prepared by the Forest Service, U.S. De­ facturers under Federal mandate; is a water quality which comes from them. In partment of Agriculture. 1959• CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5127 - This program has . been developed , after. timber, forage, and land alone are appraised tiona! forests. About one-fourth of the much study. The Department-of Agriculture at well over $7 billion. timber cut in the West comes from the na­ h as recently completed an exhaustive .study. . ·The-national forests are revenue-produc­ tional forests. of the U.S. timber situation entitled-"Timber. ing properties. Twenty-five percent of such Nearly one-fifth of the 11 Western States Resources.for America's Future." Qp~ration revenues is distributed to counties in which is national forest land and these lands, be­ Outdoors is.a 5-year recreation program for. national-forest lands are ·located in lieu of cause of their mountainous character and the national forests. Research needs are direct taxes. Current annual revenues are generally high elevation, receive one-third based in part on the findings of a depart­ about $100 million and more than $1 ,-billion of the precipitation and furnish over half m en t al committee on research evaluation .. has been received "in total from the sale of the streamflow. Western national forests The Forest Service has long maintained a national-forest goods and services. Nation­ are major sources of water for 1,800 towns project work inventory for the national for­ al-forest payments received by the counties, and cities including such major metropoli­ ests. These and other studies are the back­ coupled w.ith Federal expenditures for roads tan areas as Salt Lake City, Seattle, Portland, ground for the objectives and program and fire control which States or counties San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Phoenix. herein developed. would otherwise make, substantially exceed Over 600 hydroelectrical developments de­ The statutory authorities under which the the taxes that the national forests would pend on the national forests for water. national forests and associated lands are pay if subjected to ordinary assessment and Irrigation accounts for one-half of the administered, and under which research is levy. Nation's consumption of fresh water. By conducted, are gener~lly a_dequate to permit In addition to the national forests, the 1975 daily use of water is expected to nearly carrying out the program subsequently out­ Forest Service administers some 65 land­ double, an increase which would be equiva­ lined. Additional legislation which would -qtilization projects totaling over 4.5 million lent to the daily flow of over 13 Colorado be helpful in carrying out the program will acres in 27 States. These are largely forest rivers. Inevitably, western national forests be recommended as nee_ded, partic-ularly leg­ and rangelands, submarginal for private will continue their indispensable role as islation to facilitate development of an ade­ ownership and acquired by the Federal regulators of the kind and amount of fresh quate road system. Government during the 1930's for purposes water available to western people. The national forest system of conservation and rehabilitation. The Similarly in recreation the national forests The national forests of· the United States lands are administered under title III of the are of increasing importance because of more are invaluable national assets. These Fed­ Bankhead-Janes Farm Tenant Act of July leisure time, greater mobility of the average eral properties, consisting ·of forest and 22, 1937, and with the same general sus­ family, increased accessibility of the na­ rangelands and high mountain watersheds, tained-yield and multiple-use objectives as tional forests, and the relatively low cost of occur in 39 States and Puerto Rico. There the _natio;r1al forests.2 a national forest vacation. are 181 million acres of national forest land National forests in a changing world In the West, despite downward adjust­ grouped into ·148 national 'forests. Eighty­ ments in the numbers of permitted livestock, Rapid change in the United States is over one-fifth of the sheep and one-eighth seven percent of national forest lands occurs everywhere evident. Highway construction, in the West. of the cattle graze national forest ranges. housing developments, and expand-ing urban Over one-third of all big game in the Na­ Of the land area of the continental Uni-ted areas are prevalent throughout the land. States, 1 acre out of every 12 is in national tion is found on the national forests along The two foremost economic indicators of with 81,000 miles of fishing streams and forest. In the West it is about 1 acre out these and other changes are population and of every 5. E·very citizen owns a share of over 2 million acres of natural lakes and gross national product. impounded waters. the national-forest system. It might be said In the 13 years since the end of World War that every man, woman, and child in the II population in the United States has in­ National forest progress since 1953 United States owns 1 acre of national-forest creased 32 percent. An estimate of 332 mil­ In his first state of the Union message on land. lion persons by the end of the century is February 2, 1953, the President called atten­ The national forests consist largely of land more than double the 1950 census. In the tion to the vast importance to this Nation reserved from the public domain by Presi­ same half century, gross national product is_ now and in the future of the soil and water, dential proclamation under the act of March expected to increase more than five times. the forests and minerals, and the wildlife 3, 189.1. These lands have always been in Furthermore, in the West, where most na­ resources. It was recognized that the Fed­ Federal ownership. President Theodore tional forests are located, population growth eral responsibility in the field of resource Roosevelt proclaimed 148 million acres of development called for a ·strong program. public domain as forest reserves-far more is even more phenomenal. The estimate for than any other President. In 1905, the for­ the 11 Western States is for a tripling of Since that time, substantial and gratifying est reserves were placed under the adminis­ population in the last half of the 20th cen­ progress has b-een made, both financially and tration of the Secretary of Agriculture and tury. physically, in the development and manage­ Another indicator of special significance ment of the national forests and associated the Forest Service was created to administer 8 them. Later their name was changed to na­ from the standpoint of recreational impact lands. Some of the outstanding achieve­ tional forests to reflect a conservation policy on the national forests is the increase in ments that have been accomplished since of resource utilization rather than of pres­ leisure time. The average individual today 1953 should be mentioned. ervation. has about 50 percent more leisure time than In timber resource management, the funds Most of the national-forest land in the in 1920. By the turn of the century an indi­ available for sales administration and man­ East was purchased under the Weeks law vidual may have a third more leisure time agement have risen from $5.9 million in fiscal of 1911, as amended in 1924, which author­ than he has today. year 1953 to $13.5 million in fiscal year 1959, ized purchase of lands to protect the w~ter­ The impact of this national growth upon and those for reforestation and stand im­ sheds of navigable streams and for timber the national forests already has been tre­ provement have risen from $1.2 million to production. mendous as evidenced by recent trends in $3 million. In 1953, 5.2 billion board-feet of Pursuant to the act of June 4, 1897, the use. The impact will be even great-er in the timber with a stumpage value of $70.6 million 1911 act, and others, the national forests future. No longer are the national forests were cut. After reaching a previous peak in have been administered under the dual poli­ the inaccessible and distant hinterlands they 1957, 8 billion board-feet with a stumpage cies of sustained yield and multiple use of were when the system was first established. value of more than $100 million are expected resources. Research has been conducted No longer can the Forest Service be primarily to be cut in 1959. At the same time, the mainly under the act of May 22, 1928, as a custodian whose principal function is pro­ number of timber sales rose from 24,300 to an amended. tection of national forests from fire. Bar­ estimated 36,000 in 1959. In 1953, the area The national forests yield water, timber, riers of time, distance, and inaccessibility planted or seeded to trees was 51,200 acres. forage, recreation, game and other wildlife, have been fast fading, especially in the last Almost double that amount is now being and minerals. Western agriculture and in­ two decades. The people have found the na­ planted annually. Timber stand improve­ dustry are dependent on water flowing from tional forests; and their vast resources are ment work was done on 387,300 acres in 1953. national-forest watersheds; hundreds of in great demand. Management must become Today this work is being carried out on ap­ thousands of people earn their livelihood progressively more intense and more ade­ proximately 800,000 acres annually. processing_timber grown on national forests; quately supported by research findings if the In 1953, the sum of $2.4 million was avail­ millions of domestic livestock graze national­ national forests are to keep pace with eco­ able for range resource management: $1 mil­ forest ranges; and many millions of people nomic needs and national growth. lion being for range management, $763,000 seek the national forests for rest, relaxation, The role of the national forests in the na­ for range revegetation, and $658,000 for range and spiritual uplift. All of the renewable tional economy, and especially in that of the improvements. In fiscal year 1959, the sum resources are to be utilized at a high sus­ Western St ates, cannot be discounted. Near­ of $4.8 million is available, $1.7 million being tained level of productivity and in har­ ly half of all softwood sawtimber in the for range management, $1.5 million for range monious relationship each with the other. Nation and more than half the commercial revegetation, and $1.6 million for range im­ This is the basic policy. forest land in the West is found in the na- provements. During this pedod, reanalyses Most national-forest resources and serv­ and revised range management plans were ices, such as recreation, wildlife habitat, z The statistics used in this report relate completed on 2,150 or nearly one-fourth of waterfiow, and scenery cannot be evaluated only to the national forests unless otherwise the 8,790 range allotments. The rate ot range in monetary terms. There is no known way specified; but the objectives and program to measure ..the , multiple intangible values presented apply to both the national forests 3 Hereinafter referred to as the national­ and services of the nation.al forests; but the and associated land-.utilization projects. forest system. 5128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 24 reseeding has practically doubled the 53,600 Federal financing of research bearing on periOd antl to preparing the national-forest acres reseeded in 1953. During the period national-forest problems in 1953 was $6.2 system to contribute its fair share to the 1953 through 1958 nearly a half-million acres· million. In 1959, it was $16.5 million, in­ national well-being at the end of the have been reseeded. During the period 1953 cluding $2.5 million for construction of re­ century. to 1958 inclusive, about 1,600 range water search facilities. Any precise allocation of The program is described in terms of both developments have been constructed. Annu­ the benefits of forestry research to the sup­ long-range resource objectives to be accom­ al rate of construction is double what it was port of management and development of plished by the year 2000, and t'1e specific in 1953. the national-forest system is difficult. Gen­ work which will need to be done in the The Federal financing of the construction erally, research projects benefit anyone who short-term period to attain these objectives. rehabilitation, and maintenance of recrea­ protects and manages forest resources re­ The program will be carried out as rapidly tional developments has increased from $3.1 gardless of landownership. Thus it serve's as possible within the overall budgetary re­ million in fiscal year 1953 to almost $10 mil­ private as well as public forestry. During quirements and financial resources of the lion for fiscal year 1959 and the amounts this period, forestry research has made sub­ Federal Government. stantial and significant contributions to the for wildlife habitat management increased Resource Development and Management from $223,000 to $805,000. During this same· development, management, and protection The basic renewable natural resources of period, the recreation visits rose from 35.4 of the national-forest system. These in­ million in 1953 to 68.5 million in 1958, one­ clude, to name only three, (a) development the national-forest system upon which the fourth of these being visits from hunters of a new aerial forest fire control method, Nation will rely to an increasing extent in and fishermen. The number of developed with the result that in 1958 more than 1.4 the years to come are the timber, water, campground and picnic sites in 1953 was million gallons of chemical fire retardant range, and the recreation and wildlife approximately 4,600, containing 41 ,100 family were dropped on 320 fires in the national habitat resources. Their intensive develop­ units. Most of these were constructed in forests with a high degree of success; (b) a ment and management is truly a conserva­ the mid 1930's and were badly in need of new technique for fumigating tree nursery tion progFam of great significance to the rehabilitation. Although the work of re­ soils was perfected in 1957, increasing the continued development, prosperity, and wel­ habilitating these areas had begun a few efficiency and effectiveness of seedling pro­ fare of the Nation. years earlier, the program for the recrea­ duction; and (c) a patch-type of cutting Timber Resources tional development of the national forests for lodgepole pine timber was developed for high, mountainous national-forest areas of The long-range timber goal for the na­ called "Operation Outdoors," was prepared tional-fares · ~ system is an annual h arvest and initiat ed in 1957. As a result, good head­ the Rocky Mountains which increases late spring water yield by 25 to 30 percent be­ on a sustained-yield basis of 21.1 billion way has already been made in the rehabilita­ board feet of sawtimber by the year 2000.' tion of the developed campground and picnic cause of its influence on snow accumulation and rate of melt. This goal is about 3 times the 1957 timber sites and some new sites have been developed. cut. Total sawtimber growth estimated to There are now 5,100 developed campground There have been many other major con­ servation accomplishments in the manage­ be needed in the year 2000 to meet national and picnic sites containing 46,700 family demands is 105.4 billion board feet. The units. ment of the national-forest system. New or revised policies have been adopted since 1953 national-forest goal is that portion of the For soil and water management the sum of national need which the national forests $137,000 was available in 1953. This has been in order that the management of the na­ tional forests would be more responsive to could reasonably be expected to produce increased to $1.4 million in fiscal year 1959. under intensified management. the needs of the users. As a result of co­ The number of national forest watershed re­ The objective is to reach this goal by: habilitation projects increased from 12 in operative effort with both the forest and mining industries, authority was enacted in (a) Intensifying the management of existing 1953 to 145 in 1958. This work is done spe­ stands, including measures to assure -stand cifically to improve and protect watersheds, 1955 and procedures developed to provide for the multiple use of the mineral and surface improvement and regeneration; (b) growing· lessen flood damage, or restore damaged and more and better trees on the lands that are eroding lands, over and above that normally resources. In 1958, "Timber Resources for America's Future," the most comprehensive not producing their full capacity today; (c) being done in connection with other na­ reducing losses from disease, insects, and tional-forest activities. study of the timber resources of the Nation, was published and as a result the timber fire; and (d) improving utilization: The In fiscal year 1953, there were $22 million· short-term program steps to further items of Federal funds available for the construc­ goals for the national forests have been raised substantially. Changes have been (c) and (d) are covered later under the tion and maintenance of forest development headings "Protection and Research." roads and trails. The amount for fiscal year made in national-forest grazing policies to give permittees increased stability in the · The program proposals for the short-term 1959 for this purpose is $35.4 million. In period are: 1953, there were constructed with Federal utilization of the grazing resources. The number of public advisory committees at 1. Harvesting will be increased toward the funds 728 miles of forest development roads. goal of full sustained-yield cut on all work­ In the 1953 through 1958 period, 5,289 miles State, regional, and local levels, advisory to the Forest Service on activities covered by ing circles so that annual cut will reach 11 have been constructed and it is estimated billion board feet. that 1,082 miles will be constructed in fiscal this program, has been increased to 170. The national fores~s are clearly national in 2. Harvesting will be developed in a man­ year 1959. In addition, purchasers of na­ ner that will, to the extent possible: (a) tional-forest timber during the period 1953 significance because of their impact on our people in both their work and their play. Accelerate cutting of stagnant stands, re­ through 1958, constructed 12,570 miles of lease advance reproduction by removing over­ forest development roads, with allowances Wood and livestock products from the na­ tional forests enter into the commerce of story of old growth, and increase the salvage therefor in timber appraisals. of dead, dying, and diseased trees; and (b) One of the most troublesome problems every State; waters flowing from the national forests cross State boundaries; and the mil­ encourage reasonable distribution of sales was the need for housing, particularly to among small, medium, and larger operators. provide suitable housing for field personnel. lions who hunt, fish, camp, picnic, and ski on the national forests come from every 3. Develop and apply on sale areas higher In 1953, the amount available for structural standards of regeneration, hazard reduction, improvements for fire and general purposes State and every walk of life. The national forests are federally owned salvage, and erosion control. was $3.1 million, practically all of which 4. Up-to-date inventories will be obtained was for maintenance. This has more and their multiple-use management to pro­ duce a sustained yield of services and prod­ for all commercial forest lands and timber than trebled and for fiscal year 1959, the management plans ·will be completed for all amount is $10.6 million. Since 1953, there ucts is a Federal responsibility. Despite the splendid progress that has been made since working circles. When completed, they will have been constructed 602 dwellings andre­ be maintained by periodic reinventories and lated improvements, 769 service buildings, 1953, these properties with their current assets and enormous potential must be re­ revisions. and 139 lookout structures. sponsive to national needs. In addition, 5. Approximately three-fourths of the 4.4 In 1953, the total receipts from the sale there are opportunities for development pri­ million acres of nonstocked and poorly of timber and from the use of the range marily of localized significance in collabora­ stocked plantable lands will be seeded or and other surface resources was $76 million. tion with non-Federal groups, both public planted. It is anticipated that these receipts for fis­ and private. 6. The productive condition of over 11 cal year 1959 will be about $110 million. Past trends, present use, and future ex­ million of the 30 million acres of less than With these anticipated receipts for 1959, pectations indicate clearly the need for a saw-log-size stands will be substantially im­ almost $600 million will have been received planned program of development and use proved by plantation care, pruning, weeding, by the Federal Government since the close supported by essential research. Resource thinning, release cutting, reinforcement of 1953. This is almost 60 percent of the development is a long-time proposition. planting of lightly stocked areas, and plant­ first billion dollars of national-forest re­ What is done in the next 10 to 15 years will ing new burns ir. these stands. ceipts reached on November 21, 1958, after largely determine the heritage that our chil­ dren and their children will receive from Water Resources the national forests were placed under the the national-forest system. In continuing their role as regulator of administration of the Secretary of Agricul­ waterflows, national forest watershed will ture in 1905. Twenty-five percent of these A national-forest conservation program continue to be managed in accord with two revenues were distributed for the benefit of The program. presented herein . is geared principal long-range objectives: (a) Pro­ schools and roads in the counties. to meeting the needs of this short-term tection of the watershed by stabilizing the 1959 CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD- liOUSE 5129 soil and thereby p~eservi:n,g _ and tm,woving In order to make substantial progress. to­ 9. Revise and complete wildlife habitat water quality; and (b) management , of the ward the · long-range objectives, the short­ management plans for all administrative area to increase the quantity of water. · term program proposals are: units, assuring proper coordination between Protection of the watershed · and ' water· 1. Complete and thereafter keep current uses of wildlife habitat resources and other quality will continue to be a pri~ary ob­ range analyses and management plans on all resources. jective. Quantity of water yielded will re­ range allotments. 10. Participate in planning, inspection, ceive major consideration in the multiple­ 2. Where stocking adjustments are neces- . and control phases of all habitat improve­ use management of national forests. sary to balance utilization .and available ment projects conducted on lands of the To accomplish these objectives, an accel­ forage, these will be carried out as rapidly as national-forest system by States and by erated program of watershed management, practicable bearing in mind the needs of the other Federal agencies to insure that the rehabilitation, and protection will need to be range and other factors. projects will benefit wildlife and be in har­ carried out, including the application of new 3. Separation of cattle and sheep grazing · mony with other resource values. methods and practices as they are developed on common use areas, and substantial re­ 11. Improve food and cover on 1.5 million and proved. duction of livestock trespass. acres of key wildlife areas. Program proposals for the short-term 4. Properly coordinate all range use with 12. Develop wildlife openings, food patch­ period include: other resource use. es, and game walkways in dense vegetation 1. More intensive management activities !). Revegetation and control of noxious or by clearing or controlled burning on about to assure full protection of the hydrologic poisonous range plants and farm weeds will a half million acres. condition of watersheds in the management be undertaken on about 4.4 million acres of 13. Improve 7,000 miles of the 81,000 miles and use of other resources. Management rangelands needing one or both treatments. of fishing streams and 56,000 acres of lakes by plans for other resources that· involve manip­ 6. Reconstruction or rehabilitation of pres­ stabilizing banks, planting streamside cover, ulation of plant cover will adequately con- · ently deteriorated range improvements will and constructing channel improvements. sider watershed management needs. be completed; other improvements will be Protection . maintained. 2. Reasonable protection to, and min~miz• The total adverse impact of disease, in­ ing damage from the greatly increasing num'- ' .7. Construct 18,000 miles of fences and sects, fire, weather, destructive animals, and ber of water development projects in and 9,500 water developments to initiate pro­ grams of intensive range management for other forces on the uses and values of for­ adjacent to the n~tional-forest syste111. control of livestock and more efficient use of est resources is not generally recognized. 3. Preparing and maintaining watershed forage. They kill and destroy, retard or prevent re- · management plans for areas which are _!;he production and growth, impair and damage sole or major source of municipal water sup­ Recreation and Wildlife Habitat Resources values, and disrupt uses. plies. As previously described, the growth and The total growth impact on sawtimber 4. Initiating field inventories of water development of the Nation already has had from destructive agencies in the continental ­ supplies and yield with comparative data as a terrific impact on the national forests in United States and coastal Alaska in 1952 was to effects on water yield and quality of increased use of the recreation and wildlife estimated to be equal to 92 percent of the . range, timber, and other uses and manage­ habitat resources. It is estimated that these net sawtimber growth. Cause of the impact ment practices. uses will rise from the 68.5 million recrea­ on sawtimber growth was distributed 45 per­ 5. Complete soil surveys on about 33 mil­ tion visits of 1958 to 130 million visits by cent to disease, 20 percent to insects, 17 per­ lion acres, or 22 percent of the total area in 1969, with a continued rapid annual increase cent to fire, and 18 percent to all others. need. of survey. to a possible 600 million visits by the year These destructive forces also have a seri­ ously adverse effect upon the watersheds and .6~ Watershed rehabilitation measures to 2000. This expected increase to nearly stabilize gullies and channels, control sheet double the present use by 1969 and about their life-supporting waterfiows, and upon· erosion, stabilize dunes and earth slides, nine times the present use by the year 2000 the other renewable forest resources. control erosion on roads and trails, and ac­ is far in excess of the expected rate of in­ The long-range objective is to hold the complish water spreading will be done in crease in population. damage from destructive agencies below the varying degrees ranging from one-tenth to The long-range objective is that: (a) Na- · level which would seriously interfere with one-third of the total work needed. Work tional-forest recreation resources will be so intensive management of the national-forest developed and managed that the kind, system under principles of multiple use and scheduled includes 10,000 miles of gully and high-level sustained yield of products and channel stabilization; 1.3 million acres of quality, and quantity of their development and maintenance will be sufficient to keep services. This can be accqmplished ·sub- .: sheet erosion control; 20,000 acres of dune stantially by a continued trend toward bet­ and blowout stabilization; erosion control abreast of this tremendously increased de­ mand; and (b) the wildlife habitat will ter. facilities and techniques for fire control_ on 14,000 miles of substandard roads and and more resources to cope with critical trails; 5,600 acres of water spreading; 535 yield a fish and game population adequate to meet the equally tremendous increase in fire periods, and a more intensive application structures for fiood prevention; and 170 of a program of prevention, detection, and stream pollution control projects. sportsmen use. The program proposals for the short-term control of insect and disease infestations. In Range Resources period are: addition to direct protection measures, more The development and management of the 1. Complete part 1 of Operation Outdoors, intensive management of timber resources 68 million acres of rangeland in the na­ which is a 5-year program initiated in 1957 will result in reduction of losses from insects tional-forest system has two major long­ to reconstruct and rehabilitate the then­ and disease. range objectives: existing recreation facilities consisting of Protection From Insects and Disease (a) Proper stocking and improvement of 4,700 campgrounds and picnic sites contain­ In the short-term period, it is proposed the range resource to achieve desirable wa­ ing 42,400 family units, construct additional · facilities, and adequately maintain and serv­ that insect and disease control on the tershed conditions and sustained high-level national-forest system be stepped up to a production of forage. Over many years the ice these facilities to meet the existing and predicted situation. level of prevention, detection, and control Forest Service has attempted to bring live­ of insect and disease infestations that will stock numbers into balance with available 2. Complete inventory and evaluation of recreation and wildlife habitat resources. substantially reduce the occur!ence of large ­ forage. This is being done by building up This will be done partly in cooperation with infestations toward the end of the initial forage production through reseeding, other the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review period. This will require about a 50-percent range-improvement measures, and better Commission, e.nd with respect to wildlife increase over the present level of protection. management. Where this is not sufficient, . habitat resources, in cooperation with the The work will consist of: · necessary adjustments to grazing capacity States. 1. Intensification of present activities have been made in either numbers of per­ 3. Revise and complete recreation man­ through (a) quicker, more extensive, and mitted livestock or season of use. agement plans for all administrative units more thorough surveys to detect incipient (b) Making lands suitable for livestock and thereafter keep them current. outbreaks; (b) more reliable evaluation of grazing available for use under conditions 4. Prepare and execute development plans the potential of initial outbreaks to cause that promote stability for communities and on 10,000 new campground and picnic sites widespread damage; (c) quicker and more individuals, and encourage full development containing 102,000 family units. effective control action in the initial stages of the range resource with due regard to 5. Repair and reconstruct dams and spill­ to prevent a large-scale epidemic. The ini­ other resources and uses. ways as necessary in order to place them in tial suppression activities would cover about . These policies can be furthered by inten­ a safe condition for recreational use. twice the acreage currently being treated . . sifying management of all range allotments; 6. Provide adequate sanitation, cleanup, 2. Continuation of present blister rust obtaining and maintaining desirable forage safe water, fire prevention, and public safety · control work plus extension of control to . at all developed recreation sites and in 250,000 acres not now protected but which to high capacity; constructing, rehabilitat­ heavily used unimproved areas. should be managed for white pine produc­ ing, and maintaining range improvements 7. Protect and manage wilderness-type, tion. The objective is to achieve sufficient needed to attain intensive management on roadside, and other special areas. effectiveness of control on all of the area all ranges; and making adjustments in num­ · 8. Review at least 30 of the remaining 41 now under treatment plus the additional bers of livestock or seasons of use when primitive areas as to their wilderness char­ acres so that after the initial period only necessary. acteristics and reclassify them accordingly. maintenance control will be needed. 5130 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD- HOUSE March 24 3. Initiating a program to control dwarf­ An adequate system of roads and trails is ests and related areas to adjust ownership mistletoe on several hundred thousand acres essential to proper management of forest problems··and further consolidate these pub-· of selected better stands of young softwood lands. The presence or lack of access roads lie properties. · sawtimber on better growing sites. has a direct and controlling infiuence on There must -also be accomplished in the 4. Coordination of timber harvesting with many phases of forest management, such as short-term period: (a) Development of an pest control objectives in order to reduce the volume of timber that can be marketed; improved and more adequate land status the loss from high-risk old-growth trees and the size, duration, and distribution of sales r-ecord system with provision for continuous to reduce the possibility of old-growth within working circles; the level of salvage maintenance; and (b) establishment and stands serving as a focal point of infection. cutting; protection of national-forest re­ marking of public property corners and the sources from fire, insects, and disease; and surveying and posting of over 100,000 miles Protection From Fire recreational and forage use. of property lines between national-forest and It is proposed that by the end of the initial Financial losses occur every year to the other lands which now are inadequately lo­ period all commercial timberlands, all criti­ Federal Government through inability to cated and mar-ked. cal watersheds, and other lands in the market mature timber now inaccessible but The uses of national-forest lands for many national-forest system developed or proposed in need of harvesting, and to promptly and special purposes, including the extraction for intensive use will be given protection completely salvage losses resulting from fire. of mineral resources, will continue to in­ from fire adequate to meet the fire situation windstorms, insects, and diseases. As the crease at a rapid rate. - The supervision of in worst years and under serious peak loads. road and trail system is expanded the revenue these uses . will need to keep pace in order This will include 125 million a·cres compared to the Government increases, primarily that such uses can be properly correlated into to 23 million acres now receiving such pro­ through expanded timber sales. Timber ac­ multiple-use management ·of the national­ tection. An additional 15 million acres will cess roads for the national-forest system are forest system, and to prevent unauthorized be given a l-esser degree of protection but investments which will pay for their own use. The program for the determination of adequate to meet the average fire situation. way over a period of-years. surface rights which has been under \vay . Meeting these levels of protection from The long-range objective is to" have aJ?-d since the approval of the act of July 23, 1955, fire calls for: maintain a system of roads and trails to will be completed. 1. Expansion, modernization, and develop­ service the national forests adequately at · Adm~nistraiive ·structures and equipment ment of fire control to a proficiency and the levels needed to meet expected demands. . To faci~itate the resource management and strength of force which will prevent as many Such a system will not only make that possi­ fires as possible and suppress fires before developm-ent work, construction and main­ ble, but will at the same time enhance the tenance of administrative and fire-control they spread beyond permitted standards. value of the timber and other resources be­ This is to-be accomplished by nearly doub­ improvements y;ill need to be provided at an ing utilized. increased rate in the short-term period. ling the present level of preventive effort; Construction of about 392,600 miles of detection, skilled firefighting crews, train­ This will consist of completing the present new roads and 6,000 miles of new trails will backlog of housing needs for field officers ing, supervision, and equipment. ultimately be need.ed, along with recon­ 2. Development and use of new and mod­ and of administrative and fire improvements, struction of about 112,600 miles of roads and the construction of additional housing ern techniques for prevention, for suppres­ and 11,300 miles of trails. Also about 41,400 sion of fires while small, and for stopping and improvements. New construction needs miles of existing trails will be replaced by include 2,730 dwellings and related improve-: large 1ires while running and burning in­ construction of new roads. tensely. ments, 2,710 service buildings, and 530 look­ In the short-term period the program pro­ out structures. Completion of the commu- ­ 3. Reduction of hazardous fuel conditions posals are: nications system needed for protection ·and to minimize the chances· of large fires devel­ 1. Complete construction and reconstruc­ management of the national forests will re­ oping and spreading to high-value areas. tion of about 90,000 miles of access roads quire 2,000 additional radios and ~ replace­ This work will cover the most serious one­ and 8,000 miles of trails. This constitutes ment of 9,000 radios and 3,000 miles of tele­ fourth of all land needing such treatment, about 19 percent of r9ads and trails in­ phone lines. The increasing use of aircraft and will consist of burning 300,000 acres of cluded -in· the long-range objectives. Ap­ as an efficient and economical means of highly hazardous debris concentration, fell­ transportation for protection and manage­ ing snags on 320,000 acres of high lightning­ proximately half of the value of the work on timber access roads planned for this ment of wild lands will require an additional occurrence areas, prescribed burning on 3.5 25 landing fields and reconstruction of 37 million acres, removing roadside fuel on period will be constructed by national-for­ est timber purchasers, but paid for by the existing fields. 37,000 acres, and clearing and maintaining Research 12,000 miles of firebreaks. Government through adjustment of stump­ age prices. Forestry and allied research is needed to Protection From Other Daznage 2. Provide maintenance to full standards keep the national forests and the utilization Rodent control work for the short-term on the 261,900 miles of existing development of their resources moving ahead on an effi­ period will be aimed at control of the most roads and trails and on 58,600' miles of new cient, effective, and economical basis to play serious infestations of harmful rodents, construction. their proper role in the progress and devel­ such as porcupines and mice, on high-value Land adjustment and uses oprp.ent .of the Nation . . Resource managers areas of forage and commercial timberlands. and administrators need answers to their These areas comprise about half of the total Effective management of the national-for­ everyday problems. Resource development, area of rodent infestation on the national est system requires reasonable consolidation management, protection, and utilization forests. Approximately 1.8 million acres of of ownership where there are intermixed h.ave an additio:qal need, and organized re­ rangelands and 9.4 million acres of timber­ public and private lands. Accomplishment search has an additional objective to achieve lands would be treated in this period. Con­ of these ownership adjustments will con­ significant breakthroughs that will show the trol would be limited to those rodents for tribute much toward meeting resource de­ way to new methods and new horizons in which economical means of control are mands by the year 2000 and will be largely the management of timber, soil and water, known. accomplished by that time. forage, wildlife habitat, and recreation re­ Roads and trails In the initial period, national-forest sources. The short-term research program The road and trail system which serves boundary and ownership classification stud­ is needed to yield both quick results of ap­ the national forest lands is a complex of ies will be completed for all national-forest plicability during the initial period, and in­ highways and access roads and trails under lands as. the basis for landownership adjust­ formation of value in attaining long-range various ownerships and jurisdictions. This·· ment. Such adjustments will be brought objectives. transportation system is vital to the multiple about mainly by exchanging on a land-for­ The research proposals for the initial pe­ use of all the resources of the national forest land basis approximately 1.4 million acresof riod embrace work that should yield infor­ system. scattered or checkerboard national-forest mation of wide application of high value. For administrative purposes, the road and parcels for other lands needed to consolidate These proposals include- trail facilities are grouped into a forest high­ the national-forest land pattern. This will 1. Accelerated research in forest genetics way system and a forest development road (a) enable national-forest boundaries to be to produce trees superior to present oneE­ modified to exclude about 11 million acres and trail system. All these facilities benefit in growth rate, wood quality, resistance to of private and State land from within na­ the national forests. There are now 24,400 insects and diseases, and other special quali­ miles of forest highways; 149,700 miles of tional-forest boundaries; and (b) materially ties--for use in the needed planting pro­ forest development roads, and 112,200 miles reduce the checkerboard pattern of owner­ grams on national forests. . of trails. When fully installed, there will be ship. Special attention will be given to 2. Development of new cultural practices . about 70,000 miles of forest highways; completion of consolidation of national­ to increase the production of high-quality 542,000 miles of access roads, and the trail forest ownership in the boundary waters seed through establishment and management . canoe area and in certain key watersheds of of seed orchards; better methods of harvest­ network will be reduced to about 80,000 miles. the Cache National Forest in Utah. In ad­ The forest highway program is admin­ ing, storing, and processing of seed; and more dition, about 217,000 acres of land utilization efficient planting practices, including direct istered by the Bureau of Public Roads in the project lands will be exchanged in the initial seeding with aircraft. Department of Commerce. The forest high­ period to promote more effective manage­ 3. Bette:c implementation .of the national­ ways are therefore not included in the pro­ ment of such projects. Thereafter there will forest pest control program by developing a - gram herein outlined. - be a continuing program in tl'le national for- broader knowledge of the life hi st or~es of 1959. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5131 damaging insects and diseases and of new · Program benefits No realistic dollar value can be placed on methods for controlling them through use Under the proposed program, management water from the national forests. Water is of diseases and predators of the pests them­ and utilization- of national-forest ·resources­ already the most precious commodity in the selves, as well as through improved selective will keep pace with population growth and West and over half of all waterflow in the chemicals for use in direct control action. national economic development and needs. West originates on the national forests. 4. Better implementation of the national­ · Many of the benefits from the program for These lands will continue indefinitely to be forest fire control program by developing a the short-term period will carry over or will indispensable regulators of the kind and better understanding of fire behavior and be delayed until after the end of the period. amount of fresh water available to western new techniques and equipment needed to Investments in such measures as roadbuild­ people. The national-forest conservation eliminate the runaway fires now responsible ing, tree planting, range reseeding, water con­ program will improve soil stabilization, result for 90 percent of fire losses in the national­ servation, research, recreation, and other in more regular streamflow, and enhance forest system. improvements proposed in the initial period water quality. It will foster infiltration of 5. Development of new and improved prac­ are geared not only to short-term needs, but water in underground storage. These results tices required to facilitate good watershed also to the longer-range objectives of meet­ will lessen the need for construction of sur­ management so vitally important to the ing expected demands on the national for­ face reservoirs, settling basins, and other management of national-forest timber and ests during the remainder of the century. water construction works. range resources. This will include studies Benefits include direct financial revenues, Nor can there be any complete assessment of water yields, both quality and quantity, secondary benefits, and intangible values. in dollars of the lives saved, damage pre­ and management of .snowpacks at high eleva­ Direct financial revenues from the na­ vented, and resources preserved by improved tions and soil stabilization. tional-forest system will rise to about $210 accessibiilty, suppression of insect and dis­ 6. Design and evaluation of new and im­ million annually by the time the short-term ease epidemics, fires prevented or controlled proved equipment for logging without dam­ conservation program is completed, or dou­ when small, and reduction and prevention of age to watershed values-as by an -overhead ble current receipts. Over 90 percent of floods. All of these are benefits of the con­ cable system in order to extend harvesting such revenues will continue to come from ·servation program proposed for the national operations into steep mountainous slopes the sale of standing timber. By the year forests. not now operable by ground skidding 2000 national-forest timber sales should Substantial progress haS been made. The methods; and equipment to increase the reach 21 billion board-feet of sawtimber foundation for progress is in place. This efficiency of woods utilization of forest prod- worth $350 million at 1958 prices. program builds on that foundation. The re­ ucl~ -· Payments from national-forest revenues sult will be full development of these ex­ 7. Improvement of volume and yield tables, for county schools and roads will increase tensive and valuable public properties. rotation age data, and other information for correspondingly. These increased payments regulating timber growing-stock levels for to counties coupled with increased nation­ use in the national-.forest timber-manage­ al-forest expenditures for roads and fire ment plans. control, will exceed the taxes that the na­ How Business Operates Not by 8. Development of silvicultural bases to tional-forest system would pay, if subject guide timber harvesting and regeneration to local taxation, by an even greater margin Price Fixing practices in new forest types and areas, par­ at the end of the initial period than at the ticularly in Alaska and the more remote present time. EXTENSION OF REMARKS areas of the western national forests to be The capital value of the timber, forage, newly reached in sustained yield operations. and lands of the national-forest system will OF 9. Continuing investigations of the physi­ have increased by about a billion dollars as HON. BRUCE ALGER cal and chemical properties of wood and of a result of the short-term conservation pro­ processing methods to increase the efficiency gram. OF TEXAS of forest products utilization from national- In addition to direct financial income to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forest timber sale areas. · the United States as a result of the national­ 10. Development of new uses for the large forest conservation program, there will be Tuesday, March 24, 1959 volume of low-quality timber, for logging both substantial secondary benefits and very Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, fair trade, and milling residues, and for thinnings in real intangible benefits. the setting of retail prices by manufac­ order to broaden the utilization and market Secondary benefits include such things as turers would be a death blow to free base, and to facilitate timber sales and sus­ numbers of people employed in the harvest­ tained yield management. ing of national-forest timber and other prod­ enterprise, and the countless blessings -11. Development of log and tree grades and ucts and the value added to those products enjoyed by consumers because of mass other information needed in the marketing by manufacture, distribution, and market­ production, efficiency, research, stream­ of national-forest timber. ing. lined operation-all resulting from com­ 12. Development of improved livestock In timber alone, it is estimated that for petition between manufacturers, where grazing management practices on the na­ every dollar of national-forest stumpage sold all take risk and some make it, some tional forests to increase forage yields and to the end products wil be worth $20 by the do not. protect watershed values. time they reach the ultimate consumer. This If the manufacturer is assured a cer­ 13. Develop methods of improving na­ means that the annual sale of 11 billion tain price by law where then is the in­ tional-forest wildlife habitat through modi­ board-feet of sawtimber expected to be fied timber and range management prac­ reached by the end of the short-term period centive to discover and remove ineffi­ tices, as well as through development of will have a total consumer value of $3.7 ciency, ingeniously to devise new sys­ special measures such as propagation of billion. tems, new manufacturing procedures, browse and other game foods. Furthermore, some 620,000 people will techniques and tools, more production, 14. Determination of the needs and pref­ derive their livelihood from the harvesting, more efficient distribution? In free en­ erences of recreational uses of the national processing, hauling, and merchandising of terprise competition keeps the indus­ forests, and of the carrying capacities of national-forest timber and the products tries on their toes. Sure, it is a battle campgrounds and other recreational areas made therefrom. This wil be an increase of in order to guide the development and man­ 60 percent over the current level. for survival. The customers must be agement of the recreational resources. Similarly, the value of meat, hides, wool, pleased-a better product at a lower 15. Provision for laboratories, greenhouses, and other livestock products increases with price with quicker delivery with better and other facilities, including modern scien­ reprocessing and handling as do the num­ service and warranties, countless courte­ tific equipment, required to adequately im­ bers of dependent people. sies, advertising schemes, window dis­ plement the research program. This will It is estimated that reactional use of the plays. From raw material to customer's consist of expansions through new construc­ national-forest system will reach 130 million home competition drives each manufac­ tion and betterment of existing facilities. visits by 1969, in contrast to the 68.5 million turer, distributor, and dealer to do his The needs include 17 specialized laboratories visits in 1958, and a probable 600 million by and related greenhouse and service facilities 2000. The recreationists making these 130 best to please the consumer, who must for the basic research on forest insects and million visits will put into trade channels be pleased at the right price or no sale. diseases, tree genetics and physiology, forest a total of nearly a billion dollars for sporting Well, we can set prices by law but soils and hydrology, forest fires, and forest equipment, transportation, licenses, lodging, they will not stick. Before John Doe products, and for development of new equip­ and other items. rebels the damage will be poorer prod­ ment for firefighting and for harvesting Most of the truly intangible values of the ucts at higher prices, slower service, timber; 5 office-laboratory buildings at re­ national forests are experienced by those mil­ less striving to please, less volume, less gional headquarters of forest and range lions of people who use the national forests experiment stations; 25 office-laboratories at for reasons other than commercial utmzation efficiency and finally more bureaucratic centers of field research, and minor struc­ of resources. No measure of value expresses laws to undo the damage of bureaucratic tures, fencing, stream gages, and other re­ the worth of the relaxation, pleasure, rest, laws until in the struggle the whole search installations that will be required on spiritual satisfaction and improvement in system slips beneath the quicksand. about 100 experimental forests and ranges. health derived from the national forests. Fair trade? Hardly. 5132 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE March 2·5 _ Political Danger the bill and 'Understand marketing and quate to stimulate-and low enough to merchandising to see this. - enable"...,..-page 2, H.R. 1253, fair trade When the fatal flaws are clearly seen, 'bill. EXTENSION OF REMARKS the consumers will not be forgiving of They cannot. It takes thousands, OF these Federal representatives who put even millions of buyers, a free people this ~a w on the books. It is not unlikely in a free society freely bargaining for HON. BRUCE ALGER that even those manufacturers and re­ competitive merchandise at a mutually OF TEXAS . tailers who . thought they . wanted fair .. agreeable· price. The price naturally re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trade price fixing will turn against sults then like water seeking its level. those legislators who-accepted their ear­ Now comes Congress to tell the pub­ Tuesday, March 24, 1959 lier advice and passed this law. lic that from now on by Federal de­ Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the basic cree, we will let manufacturers tell the flaws of reasoning behind the fair trade retailer what price they must charge. bill, which would permit manufactur­ Are manufacturers all-knowing? Can ers to go around antitrust and set re­ Marketplace, Not Manufacturer Nor they set the prices substituting the re­ tail prices, will come to light sooner or Congress, Sets Prices sale price maintenance of the fair trade later. Sometimes the obvious is difficult bill for the spontaneous price setting of to see. EXTENSION OF REMARKS people in the marketplace through sup­ Imagine asking that antitrust price OF ply, demand, and competition? Yes, conspiracy laws, originated to protect anyone can set a price, but who will buy businessmen and consumers alike, be set HON. BRUCE ALGER if the price is too high? And if they aside. Imagine, trying to eliminate the OF TEXAS do not buy who is hurt-the consumer? need for women shopping around. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Possibly so, but most hurt will be the Imagine, eliminating competition in a retailer for whom the fair trade bill is free enterprise market system. Tuesday, March 24, 1959 intended." Meanwhile, the big competi­ Fair trade is a contradiction, is self­ Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, what Con­ tor· chainstore or department store with defeating and will hurt most those it is gressman, bureaucrat, judge, or jury his own brand ·merchandise cleans up. designed to help. One has but to study can tell you the "prices that are ade- Fair trade indeed.

people, gathered here today. Strengthen ·TRIBUTE TO GREEK OR-THODOX SENATE them in their calling, and make them ARCHBISHOP ever worthy of th~ great stewardship WEDNESDAY, MARCH 25, 19.59 which Thou hast seen fit to entrust to Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, them. Bless, enlighten, and direct all it is a great honor to join· with other The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m. Members of this body in welcoming back Rev. Peter N. Kyriakos, Greek Ortho­ those upon whom the responsibility of leadership rests, for Thou art the way, to the United States the new Greek dox Cathedral, Boston, Mass., offered the Orthodox archbishop of the New World. following prayer: the truth; and the life; and blessed art Thou now, and forever, from all ages to Recently he served as metropolitan of In the name of the Father, and of the all ages. Amen. Malta, having risen in responsibility to Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. this position from a position as deacon Almighty God, who art worshiped of the Boston archdiocese. Boston and glorified at all times, at every hour, THE JOURNAL viewed his ordination to priesthood in both in heaven and on earth, we fervent­ On request of Mr. KucHEL, and by 1940, and following that event he served ly thank Thee for the rich and perfect unanimous consent, the reading of the in Connecticut and St. Louis before re­ blessings granted to Thy children, espe­ Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, turning to Boston to .be dean of the cially in our blessed land. We thank March 24, 1959, was dispensed with. Greek Orthodox Cathedral of the An­ Thee for the high principles of our civili­ nunciation from - 1942 to 1954. From zation, the democratic .Christian prin­ there he went to Malta. · ciples, by which Thou hast seen fit to TRffiUTE TO REV. PETER N. Metropolitan James, while at Boston, guide us, and for the spirit of brotherly KYRIAKOS took advantage of our great opportunities love inspired by Thy teachings. Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, for further study in Massachusetts by We beseech Thee, 0 Lord, our God, to it gives me great pleasure formally to taking an advanced degree at Harvard in receive at this very hour our supplica­ welcome Rev. Peter Kyriakos, the assist­ theological studies. For a time he also tions, and to direct our lives in the way ant dean of the Greek Cathedral of the contributed to our halls of learning by of Thy commandments. Encompass us, Annunciation, in Boston. Dean Kyri­ lecturing at Harvard, Boston University, with Thy holy angels, that guided and akos carries forward in this country the arid other institutions. He served as a guarded by Thy hosts, we may attain tradition of the Greek people and their director of the Holy Cross Orthodox the knowledge of Thine unapproachable church. Many freedom-loving citizens Theological School in Brookline, Mass., glory. Keep us ever mindful of the of Massachusetts and of the United which, I understand, is the only school mercies of Thy grace. Make us ever States trace their ancestry to Greece; of its kind in our Nation. grateful, not only for special blessings but, in a larger sense, all of us trace Father Coucouzis, as he was known to which we may personally enjoy, but also many of our proudest traditions of his friends and admirers in Boston, who for the manifold blessings which, as science, medicine, literature, and democ­ number in the thousands, was greatly citizens of this great Nation, we share racy to the culture of ancient Greece. in common. Give to us all-the leaders Today is the 138th anniversary of the admired for the fine work he did while and citizens of our• great Nation-Thy independence of Greece. In their with us in Massachusetts. We wish him guidance and inspiration in our every homeland and in many nations which, well in his new office as archbishop of endeavor. As we are today mindful of like ourselves, have received immigrants the Greek Orthodox Church of North the martyrdom and sacrifice of the Greek from Greece, this 138th anniversary is and South America and his former pa­ people in their valiant struggle for inde­ being celebrated today. We are proud rishioners in Boston look forward to his pendence and for their ancient principles to honor this anniversary, for there is continued leadership in their church. of democracy, we pray Thee to strength­ no more independent people or greater en us in those democratic convictions lovers of freedom than the people repre· and to keep us ever mindful of our sented here by Reverend Kyriakos. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT sacred responsibilities toward our fellow I join in expressing the best wishes of men, Thy children. all of us to the people o{ Greece.. Messages in writing from the Presi­ Bless richly, 0 Lord, Thy servants, the Zito Hellas! Long live Greece! dent of the United States submitting most faithful and God-fearing President Mr. President-- nominations were communicated to_the and Vice President of our Nation, and The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his sec­ the honorable representatives of Thy from Massachusetts. retaries.