FNAI (Florida Natural Areas Inventory). 2011. FNAI Tracking List
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BUTTERFLIES in Thewest Indies of the Caribbean
PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA E-mail: [email protected]@focusonnature.com Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555 oror 302/529-1876302/529-1876 BUTTERFLIES and MOTHS in the West Indies of the Caribbean in Antigua and Barbuda the Bahamas Barbados the Cayman Islands Cuba Dominica the Dominican Republic Guadeloupe Jamaica Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Lucia Saint Vincent the Virgin Islands and the ABC islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao Butterflies in the Caribbean exclusively in Trinidad & Tobago are not in this list. Focus On Nature Tours in the Caribbean have been in: January, February, March, April, May, July, and December. Upper right photo: a HISPANIOLAN KING, Anetia jaegeri, photographed during the FONT tour in the Dominican Republic in February 2012. The genus is nearly entirely in West Indian islands, the species is nearly restricted to Hispaniola. This list of Butterflies of the West Indies compiled by Armas Hill Among the butterfly groupings in this list, links to: Swallowtails: family PAPILIONIDAE with the genera: Battus, Papilio, Parides Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs: family PIERIDAE Mimic-whites: subfamily DISMORPHIINAE with the genus: Dismorphia Subfamily PIERINAE withwith thethe genera:genera: Ascia,Ascia, Ganyra,Ganyra, Glutophrissa,Glutophrissa, MeleteMelete Subfamily COLIADINAE with the genera: Abaeis, Anteos, Aphrissa, Eurema, Kricogonia, Nathalis, Phoebis, Pyrisitia, Zerene Gossamer Wings: family LYCAENIDAE Hairstreaks: subfamily THECLINAE with the genera: Allosmaitia, Calycopis, Chlorostrymon, Cyanophrys, -
Revised Systematics and Higher Classification of Pierid Butterflies
Zoologica Scripta Revised systematics and higher classification of pierid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) based on molecular data NIKLAS WAHLBERG,JADRANKA ROTA,MICHAEL F. BRABY,NAOMI E. PIERCE & CHRISTOPHER W. WHEAT Submitted: 5 May 2014 Wahlberg, N., Rota, J., Braby, M.F., Pierce, N.E. & Wheat, C.W. (2014). Revised Accepted: 12 July 2014 systematics and higher classification of pierid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) based on doi:10.1111/zsc.12075 molecular data. — Zoologica Scripta, 43, 641–650. The butterfly family Pieridae comprises approximately 1000 described species placed in 85 genera, but the higher classification has not yet been settled. We used molecular data from eight gene regions (one mitochondrial and seven nuclear protein-coding genes) com- prising a total of ~6700 bp from 96 taxa to infer a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the family. Based on this hypothesis, we revise the higher classification for all pierid genera. We resurrect the tribe Teracolini stat. rev. in the subfamily Pierinae to include the genera Teracolus, Pinacopteryx, Gideona, Ixias, Eronia, Colotis and most likely Calopieris. We transfer Hebomoia to the tribe Anthocharidini and assign the previously unplaced gen- era Belenois and Dixeia to the subtribe Aporiina. Three lineages near the base of Pierinae (Leptosia, Elodina and Nepheronia + Pareronia) remain unplaced. For each of these, we describe and delineate new tribes: Elodinini Braby tribus nova, Leptosiaini Braby tribus nova and Nepheroniini Braby tribus nova. The proposed higher classification is based on well-supported monophyletic groups and is likely to remain stable even with the addition of more data. Corresponding author: Niklas Wahlberg, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland. -
Airspeed Adjustment and Lipid Reserves in Migratory Neotropical
Functional Ecology 2008, 22, 264–270 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01364.x AirspeedBlackwell Publishing Ltd adjustment and lipid reserves in migratory Neotropical butterflies R. Dudley1,2,* and R. B. Srygley2,3,† 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama; and 3Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Summary 1. Aerodynamic theory predicts that migrant fliers should reduce their speed of flight as endogenous energy reserves are gradually consumed. This prediction was tested for butterfly species (Pieridae and Nymphalidae) that engage in annual rainy season migrations through central Panama. 2. Direct airspeed measurements were made on butterflies in natural free flight, followed by chloroform : methanol extractions of abdominal lipids from the same insects. 3. Among individuals within particular species/gender subsets, airspeeds during flight were higher with greater lipid content following adjustment for body mass. Although it was not possible to measure lipid content repeatedly on a single insect, these comparisons among individuals for five migratory species suggest that butterflies reduce their flight speed as lipid reserves are progressively depleted. 4. Because choice of airspeed can strongly influence the rate of energetic expenditure, these results together with previously described strategies of wind drift compensation in the same taxa demonstrate sophisticated long-distance orientation and optimization strategies by migratory Neotropical butterflies flying within the boundary layer. Key-words: Central America, flight velocity, insect flight,Nymphalidae, optimal migration, Panama, Pieridae Functionaldoi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.0@@@@.x Ecology (2007) xx, 000–000 2000). -
Notes on Peruvian Butterflies (Lepidoptera). I
Diciembre, 1975 LAMAS : THE GENUS PHOEBIS (LEPIODPTERA, PIERIDAE) 5 NOTES ON PERUVIAN BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA). I. THE GENUS PHOEBIS HUBNER, 1819 (PIERIDAE), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES1 Gerardo Lamas M. 2 SUMARIO Se adjuntan algunas notas sobre las ocho especies de agarithe (Boisduval) y P. bourkei (Dixey) [ = P. tatei Phoebis conocidas para el Perú. Se describe una nueva Brown. syn. n.] en el Perú. Se describe y figura un ejemplar subespecie de P. argante (localidad-tipo: Cieneguilla, Lima, considerado como la hembra desconocida de P. bourkei. Perú). Por primera vez se reporta la presencia de P. agarithe SUMMARY Some notes are given on the eight Phoebis species P. bourkei (Dixey, 1933) [= P. tatei Brown, 1933, syn. n.] known in Perú. A new subspecies of P. argante (type- in western Perú is reported here for the first time. A locality: Cieneguilla, Lima, Perú) is described and figured. specímen believed to be the unknown female of bourkei is The presence of P. agarithe agarithe (Boisduval, 1836), and described and figured. INTRODUCTION de Entomología, Universidad Nacional Agraria, Lima (UNA). I wash to thank M. Ortiz for the loan of specimens belong- The genus Phoebis Hübner is commonly acknowledged ing to the latter institution. to include four subgenera and about fifteen species; they are as follows: Phoebis (sennae, bourkei, argante, agarithe, neocypris, philea, editha and avellaneda), Rhabdoryas (trite), Key to Peruvian Phoebis Prestonia (clarki), and Aphrissa (statira, orbis, godartiana, hartonla and nelels). Of these, eight species are known to 1. Hindwing tailed neocypris rurina (Felder & Felder) oceur in Perú, for which a key to the identification is given, along with some notes on their geographical distribution, Without a conspicuous tail on hindwing 2 variation, and biology. -
El Niño, Host Plant Growth, and Migratory
BIOTROPICA 46(1): 90–97 2014 10.1111/btp.12081 El Nin˜ o, Host Plant Growth, and Migratory Butterfly Abundance in a Changing Climate Robert B. Srygley1,2,6, Robert Dudley2,3, Evandro G. Oliveira4, and Andre J. Riveros2,5 1 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Lab, 1500 N Central Ave., Sidney, MT, 59270, U.S.A. 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama 3 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. 4 Instituto de Ciencias^ Biologicas e Saude, Centro Universitario Una – Campus Guajajaras, Rua Guajajaras 175, Belo Horizonte, 30180-100, MG Brazil 5 Departamento de Ciencias Fisiologicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia ABSTRACT In the wet forests of Panama, El Nino~ typically brings a more prolonged and severe dry season. Interestingly, many trees and lianas that comprise the wet forests increase their productivity as a response to El Nino.~ Here, we quantify the abundance of migrating Marpesia chiron butterflies over 17 yr and the production of new leaves of their hostplants over 9 yr to test the generality of the El Nino~ migra- tion syndrome, i.e., whether increased abundance of migrating insects and productivity of their food plants are associated with El Nino~ and La Nina~ events. We find that the quantity of M. chiron migrating across the Panama Canal was directly proportional to the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly of the Pacific Ocean, which characterizes El Nino~ and La Nina~ events. We also find that production of new leaves by its larval host trees, namely Brosimum alicastrum, Artocarpus altilis, and Ficus citrifolia, was directly proportional to the SST anomaly, with greater leaf flushing occurring during the period of the annual butterfly migration that followed an El Nino~ event. -
Butterflies and Moths of Baja California Sur, Mexico
Heliothis ononis Flax Bollworm Moth Coptotriche aenea Blackberry Leafminer Argyresthia canadensis Apyrrothrix araxes Dull Firetip Phocides pigmalion Mangrove Skipper Phocides belus Belus Skipper Phocides palemon Guava Skipper Phocides urania Urania skipper Proteides mercurius Mercurial Skipper Epargyreus zestos Zestos Skipper Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus spanna Hispaniolan Silverdrop Epargyreus exadeus Broken Silverdrop Polygonus leo Hammock Skipper Polygonus savigny Manuel's Skipper Chioides albofasciatus White-striped Longtail Chioides zilpa Zilpa Longtail Chioides ixion Hispaniolan Longtail Aguna asander Gold-spotted Aguna Aguna claxon Emerald Aguna Aguna metophis Tailed Aguna Typhedanus undulatus Mottled Longtail Typhedanus ampyx Gold-tufted Skipper Polythrix octomaculata Eight-spotted Longtail Polythrix mexicanus Mexican Longtail Polythrix asine Asine Longtail Polythrix caunus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) Zestusa dorus Short-tailed Skipper Codatractus carlos Carlos' Mottled-Skipper Codatractus alcaeus White-crescent Longtail Codatractus yucatanus Yucatan Mottled-Skipper Codatractus arizonensis Arizona Skipper Codatractus valeriana Valeriana Skipper Urbanus proteus Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus viterboana Bluish Longtail Urbanus belli Double-striped Longtail Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail Urbanus esmeraldus Esmeralda Longtail Urbanus evona Turquoise Longtail Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail Urbanus teleus Teleus Longtail Urbanus tanna Tanna Longtail Urbanus simplicius Plain Longtail Urbanus procne Brown Longtail -
January 13, 2015 Department
Agenda Item over 50 pages, can be viewed in Minutes Agenda Item#: 3Ll PALM BEACH COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY Meeting Date: January 13, 2015 [X] Consent [ ] Regular [ ] Ordinance [ ] Public Hearing Department Submitted By: Environmental Resources Management Submitted For: Environmental Resources Management I. EXECUTIVE BRIEF Motion and Title: Staff recommends motion to approve: an updated management plan for the Frenchman's Forest Natural Area. Summary: The management plan for the Frenchman's Forest Natural Area was originally approved by the Board of County Commissioners on July 7, 1998. The management plan was updated in 2014 to include information related to the addition of two tracts of land, significant events and activities occurring sincethe County's acquisition, public use facilities constructed on the site and current management strategies. The next update will be due in 2024. The County manages the natural area with the assistance of the City of Palm Beach Gardens. District 1 (SF) Background and Justification: The 173.5-acre Frenchman's Forest Natural Area is managed by the County's Department of Environmental Resources Management. The Palm Beach County Natural Areas Management Advisory Committee (NAMAC) reviews management plans for each natural area and recommends approval of the plan by the BCC. NAMAC reviewed the updated management plan for the Frenchman's Forest Natural Area and unanimously recommended approval of the updated plan at its October 17, 2014 meeting. Annual maintenance and operation costs, including biological monitoring, on-going invasive/nonnative animal and plant control, and repair and replacement of facilities, as needed, are estimated to be $282,393. -
Butterflies and Moths of Broward County, Florida, United States
Heliothis ononis Flax Bollworm Moth Coptotriche aenea Blackberry Leafminer Argyresthia canadensis Apyrrothrix araxes Dull Firetip Phocides pigmalion Mangrove Skipper Phocides belus Belus Skipper Phocides palemon Guava Skipper Phocides urania Urania skipper Proteides mercurius Mercurial Skipper Epargyreus zestos Zestos Skipper Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus spanna Hispaniolan Silverdrop Epargyreus exadeus Broken Silverdrop Polygonus leo Hammock Skipper Polygonus savigny Manuel's Skipper Chioides albofasciatus White-striped Longtail Chioides zilpa Zilpa Longtail Chioides ixion Hispaniolan Longtail Aguna asander Gold-spotted Aguna Aguna claxon Emerald Aguna Aguna metophis Tailed Aguna Typhedanus undulatus Mottled Longtail Typhedanus ampyx Gold-tufted Skipper Polythrix octomaculata Eight-spotted Longtail Polythrix mexicanus Mexican Longtail Polythrix asine Asine Longtail Polythrix caunus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) Zestusa dorus Short-tailed Skipper Codatractus carlos Carlos' Mottled-Skipper Codatractus alcaeus White-crescent Longtail Codatractus yucatanus Yucatan Mottled-Skipper Codatractus arizonensis Arizona Skipper Codatractus valeriana Valeriana Skipper Urbanus proteus Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus viterboana Bluish Longtail Urbanus belli Double-striped Longtail Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail Urbanus esmeraldus Esmeralda Longtail Urbanus evona Turquoise Longtail Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail Urbanus teleus Teleus Longtail Urbanus tanna Tanna Longtail Urbanus simplicius Plain Longtail Urbanus procne Brown Longtail -
Lantana Camara L
Journal of Pollination Ecology, 20(5), 2017, pp 40-50 HONEST SIGNALLING AND THE BILLBOARD EFFECT: HOW HELICONIID POLLINATORS RESPOND TO THE TRICHROMATIC COLOUR CHANGING LANTANA CAMARA L. (VERBENACEAE) Gyanpriya Maharaj1, 2, 3 and Godfrey R. Bourne1, 3 1Department of Biology, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121−4400, USA 2Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity and Department of Biology, University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, P.O. Box 10−1110, Greater Georgetown, Guyana 3CEIBA Biological Center, Linden Highway, Madewini, Guyana Abstract—Plants communicate with their pollinators through an astonishing range of signals that serve as either honest or deceptive cues which draw in and inform potential visitors of possible rewards. In wild type sweet sage, Lantana camara, floral colour signals were associated with nectar volume and sucrose concentration, and many pollinator taxa quickly learned to associate these varying colour signals with rewards. We tested the hypothesis that if sweet sage is employing a generalist pollinator strategy based on a trichromatic changing floral presentation system of honest rewards for pollinators, then the following predictions will be realized: 1) pre-change yellow flowers will be visited more frequently by pollinators than post change orange, or red flowers; 2) pre-change yellow flowers will produce higher quality and greater quantities of sucrose rewards than post-change orange, or red flowers; 3) inflorescences with higher ratios of rewarding flowers to unrewarding flowers are more attractive at short distances; and 4) inflorescences with a combination of pre-change rewarding and post-change rewarding and unrewarding flowers will act as a multi-coloured advertising billboard and as such be most attractive at long distances. -
Butterflies of the Golfo Dulce Region Costa Rica
Butterflies of the Golfo Dulce Region Costa Rica Corcovado National Park Piedras Blancas National Park ‚Regenwald der Österreicher‘ Authors Lisa Maurer Veronika Pemmer Harald Krenn Martin Wiemers Department of Evolutionary Biology Department of Animal Biodiversity University of Vienna University of Vienna Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria [email protected] [email protected] Roland Albert Werner Huber Anton Weissenhofer Department of Chemical Ecology Department of Structural and Department of Structural and and Ecosystem Research Functional Botany Functional Botany University of Vienna University of Vienna University of Vienna Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Contents The ‘Tropical Research Station La Gamba’ 4 The rainforests of the Golfo Dulce region 6 Butterflies of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica 8 Papilionidae - Swallowtail Butterflies 13 Pieridae - Sulphures and Whites 17 Nymphalidae - Brush Footed Butterflies 21 Subfamily Danainae 22 Subfamily Ithomiinae 24 Subfamily Charaxinae 26 Subfamily Satyrinae 27 Subfamily Cyrestinae 33 Subfamily Biblidinae 34 Subfamily Nymphalinae 35 Subfamily Apaturinae 39 Subfamily Heliconiinae 40 Riodinidae - Metalmarks 47 Lycaenidae - Blues 53 Hesperiidae - Skippers 57 Appendix- Checklist of species 61 Acknowledgements 74 References 74 Picture credits 75 Index 78 3 The ‘Tropical Research Station La Gamba’ Roland Albert Secretary General of the ‘Society for the Preservation of the Tropical Research Station La Gamba’ Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna The main building of the Tropical Research Station In 1991, Michael Schnitzler, a distinguished also provided ideal conditions for promoting musician and former professor at the Univer- Austrian research and teaching programmes in sity of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna, rainforests. -
IDB 1-06 Report Draft
i Database on the Status, Distribution, and Biology of Florida‘s Rare Invertebrates A Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative Project Final Report TRACKING INFORMATION Project Number 05034 Project Title Database on the Status, Distribution, and Biology of Florida‘s Rare Invertebrates Project Director Dale R. Jackson, Ph.D., Senior Research Zoologist Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) Project Biologist David T. Almquist, Invertebrate Zoologist, FNAI Project Assistants Dean Jue, Florida State University Glenn Woodsum, Data Manager, FNAI Aubrey Davis, Field Zoologist, FNAI Sally Jue, Conservation Lands Biologist, FNAI Takesha Henderson, Assistant Invertebrate Zoologist, FWC Dates Covered 1 July 2005– 30 May 2008 Date Submitted 30 May 2008 i ABSTRACT The goal of this multi-year project was to expand and enhance informational databases that the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) maintains to describe and track invertebrates of conservation concern in the state. Data contained in these databases are directly available to state agencies, with summary data available to the public via the Internet (both through FNAI‘s web site and NatureServe Explorer). Since project inception, FNAI instigated tracking of more than 200 taxa, nearly doubling its prior list of tracked taxa developed during more than 2 decades of previous work. Newly tracked taxa represented the following groups (and numbers): snails (12), spiders (2), amphipods (1), crayfish (2), springtails (2), mayflies (1), dragonflies and damselflies (5), grasshoppers (14), stoneflies (11), beetles (56), scorpionflies (1), caddisflies (24), butterflies and moths (71), bees (1), and velvet ants (3). Most of these taxa are endemic to Florida or the Southeast. We collated and entered information pertaining to rarity and endangerment for all of the new taxa as well as most of the 279 previously tracked taxa. -
Phoebis Argante (Apricot Sulphur Butterfly)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Phoebis argante (Apricot Sulphur Butterfly) Order: Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths) Class: Insecta (Insects) Phylum: Arthropoda (Arthropods) Fig. 1. Apricot sulphur butterfly, Phoebis argante. [http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/phoebis_argante_chincha_types.htm, downloaded 9 March 2016] TRAITS. They are sexually dimorphic; the male upper side is bright orange in colour (Fig. 1) while the female upper side is paler, ranging from white to yellow (Fig. 2). The wingspan is approximately 53-65mm (Opler, 1998). Sulphur butterflies rarely open their wings, except in flight or when mating. DISTRIBUTION. These butterflies are swift flying and are known to be migrants. They are found in South America from Mexico to Uruguay and in the Caribbean in countries such as Jamaica, Windward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba, and Trinidad, and seen rarely in Texas and Kansas (Fig. 3) (Opler, 1998). Regular migration is seen across Lake Gutan in the Panama Canal heading in the southerly direction (Dingle, 2014). HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. They are diurnal, most activities are done in the day. Habitat is diverse, they can be found in a number of different areas such as subtropical brushy areas, primary and secondary rainforest, and open forest. In Jamaica Phoebis argante prefers open woodlands (Stiling, 1999). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology FOOD AND FEEDING. They are primary consumers since they feed on plants. Adult butterflies feed on liquids and use their proboscis which is a tube-like tongue. When feeding the proboscis uncoils to sip liquid and coils up again when finished feeding (Kentucky, 2013).