THE PINE RIDGE PROJECT: REVITALIZING THE FORGOTTEN quinn sackreiter-heesch la 572 design thesis adv. jason kost elements of design

1 POW WOW RING

2 OPEN LAWN 18 14 3 PAVED PATIO (VENDOR SPACE) 15 4 FIREPIT 19 5 WOUNDED KNEE MEMORIAL 13 16 6 CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND/ FOUNTAIN 17 12 7 COMMUNITY CENTER 11 8 OPEN LAWN 20 9 PARKING LOT 2 10 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN 21 1 PINE RIDGE RESERVATION STATISTICS 11 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN 10 12 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN 22 3 13 BASKETBALL COURTS 23 4 14 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN 5 IMAGE COURTESY OF AARON HUEY 15 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN 6 7 WHY IS PINE RIDGE IMPORTANT? LAKOTA HISTORY 16 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN The project site is in an area in America that is in extreme need. Not many are aware of the One of 7 subtribes of the Lakota, along with the & Dakota to make up the 8 9 3rd world country status of the Pine Ridge , and I feel that it’s an important Great Sioux Nation 17 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN place to implement a project that will serve the needs of the people living there. OGLALA ‘to scatter one’s own’ a 18 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN 1820- PROBLEM STATEMENT 1830 1830 1868 1872 1876 1877 1889 1890 1974 1980 2007 form the Sioux Alliance Band together with 3 other Sioux tribes to Attempted to become their own nation accept the money compensation for the , wouldn’t Awarded $122 million settlement in (appx. 30) with the Government Attempted to withdraw from all treaties tribe 3,000 members in the OGLALA Sioux to the Lakota Sioux people guarantees ownership of the Black Hills Fort Laramie Treaty Gold is discovered in the Black Hills The Battle of the LIttle Big Horn The Great Sioux War ends The lack of public spaces and urban planning in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation Established Pine Ridge Indian Reservation 19 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN communities is affecting the resident’s health, safety, and ability for economic advancement and community involvement. 20 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN

21 PEDESTRIAN TRAILS 100’ 200’ 300’

22 COMMUNITY GARDENS/LAWN 1:150 23 SOCCER FIELD

N

MASTERPLANNING OGLALA This design centers around community and promoting togetherness. The Lakota culture is rich with family ties and helping one another out, that’s why it was important to create spaces that allowed people to gather together. The nucleus of this design is the plaza space that’s situated in the middle of the residential houses. All paths lead to this space. This area allows for leisurely gatherings and also the biannual Pow Wow that occurs at Oglala. The plaza also has a children’s PINE RIDGE RESERVATION STATISTICS space with playground and dancing fountains. The area is equipped for the hundreds of visitors that come to view the Pow Wow and the vendors that also attend. Another important part of masterplanning Oglala, was creating housing that allowed families to easily interact with one another. Family is extremely important here, and often times homes are multigenerational. By implementing a cohousing system of duplexes situated around neighborhood garden and park space, family members are able to interact with one another with ease and living situations can be improved. 7.8% unemployed $$$$$$$$$ $45,000 in U.S. $$$$$$$$$ U.S. average MOBILE HOME 84% $$$$$$$$$ annual income unemployed FIXED FOUNDATION HOME on Pine Ridge 97% $$$$$$$$$ below Federal $$$$$$$$$ poverty level section a 69.6 years World 44.7 years Afghanistan 54.2 years Sudan 38.5 years Angola 77.5 years U.S. 45 years Pine Ridge $$$ $3,000 life expectancy is only higher than Afghanistan, Pine Ridge average Angola, & Mozambique annual income

HOUSING current homes built between 1970-1979 in need of 4,000 new homes to combat the homeless situation

COMMUNITY CENTER WOUNDED KNEE MEMORIAL PAVED PATIO / RING CANOPY POW WOW RING RING CANOPY VENDOR SPACE 26% 33% 60% 39%

1000 feet mobile lack sewer black no homes and water mold electricity

24 in 6 in PRE-EXISTING HOUSING 17 1,000 1,000 people 56% of Oglala’s population infant mortality rate per are children (under 18) 300% higher than U.S. home

1 POW WOW vendors 2 POW WOW ring STANDING LAKE ROCK TRAVERSE 90

CHEYENNE cedar RIVER pass 44 WHITE RIVER red shirt

44 RECREATION CENTER/ BADLANDS potato MAKESHIFT SOCCER FIIELD NATIONAL creek long PARK valley CROW CREEK 2 18 POST OFFICE LOWER kyle BRULE 33

FLANDREAU 27 oglala lakota college PINE RIDGE manderson allen 18 RESERVATION porcupine ROSEBUD WOUNDED KNEE martin YANKTON wounded MASSACRE SITE 18 OGLALA knee 2000 feet 18 PINE RIDGE 3 walkway to POW WOW OGLALA OGLALA 20 miles LAKE POW WOW PLAZA The plaza space is an important area for the residents of Oglala. It can be used as a meeting and gathering space for activities and events. It’s a space thats available to all residents at all times. During the Pow Wow seasons, the space can be WHERE? PINE RIDGE INDIAN RESERVATION OGLALA, used for vendors to set up their shops, and visitors to relax between the traditional southwest south dakota annual precipitation: 16.64 inches key places: oglala (project site) shannon county - census designated place amenities: recreation center 3,468.86 miles / 2,000,000 acres counties in sd/ne: shannon, jackson, bennett & sheridan pine ridge population: 1,229 persons makeshift soccer field Pow Wow dances. population: 28,700 persons 1 of 9 sd reservations (standing rock, river, lake traverse, wounded knee site (229 households, 201 families) post office elevation: 2820 feet flandreau, yankton, rosebud, crow creek, and lower brule) size: 13.4 square miles topography: rolling mixed grass prairie and badlands (sandhills) 8th largest Indian reservation in the United States elevation: 2,995 feet climate: 88° F (avg. high) 6.9° F (avg. low)

MOBILE HOME FIXED FOUNDATION HOME UNPAVED what is COHOUSING? So much of our people and culture have been steeped PAVED 1/2 MILE COHOUSING is collaborative housing in which the residents actively participate in contradiction for centuries, even into the modern day 5 MINUTE WALK in the design and operation of ther own neighborhoods. It’s created for “ American psyche. These misconceptions have over- ruled the true essence of our heritage. I won’t state that multigenerational families with lots of open and shared spaces. not all is as dismal as the media has been portraying it to In Oglala, cohousing was incorporated through the implementation of duplexes. be, yes, alcoholism and poverty are ever so prevalent The duplexes are aligned around a neighborhood garden and park space. amongst our society; along with suicide rates and This space is dedicated to the residents of that particular neighborhood and unemployment, the issues do go on. Statistical data promotes community and public spaces. seems to back up all these negative notions brought forth into the attention of current events. Amongst the multi-million dollar tourist and mining industries lies our most sacred of sights, the Black Hills, Bear Butte, and Pe’sla, just to name a few. All of these places are considered to be the center of this planet to us [Lakota]. 1000 feet Many great chiefs such as Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, and have struggled to keep these sacred sights free from desecration, the disputes continue on SITE OBSERVATIONS into these new millenia. In retrospect, there are many Oglala is made up of a mix of mobile and fixed foundation homes. There is currently a community center, a post office, and a soccer field. The only paved road is HWY 18 that runs directly through the things that are astounding about our reservation, from middle of the site, all others are gravel/dirt. It takes approximately 5 minutes to walk from the north side of the fossil laden badlands to the rolling prairies and native Oglala to the south. wildlife, one thing stands out amongst the wonders of nature. It’s the people of the Lakota tradition... PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION still alive, ancient, and powerful. EXISTING PATHWAYS = APPX. 10,668 FT. The main form of transportation through Oglala is on foot. The map to the left shows the network of foot- -Leon Red Kettle paths that has been created in the north neighbor- (National Geographic’s Pine Ridge Community Storytelling” Project) hood over a number of years. Horseback is also a common form of transportation. Pathways that acco- modate foot, bike, and horse will be created.

8’ 5’ GRAVEL BIKE / WALKING PATH HORSE TRAIL EXISTING CONDITIONS SITE PHOTOGRAPHY by Aaron Huey Existing condition photos in Oglala show: dilapidated housing, no community layout, no recreation or activity spaces, and no gathering spaces. The photos also show the feeling of desolation felt while on the reservation. 500 feet

12’ removing all mobile homes DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ADJOINING BIKE / WALKING / HORSE PATH In the preliminary design phase, specific areas where designed for three key elements: a Pow Wow space, increasing housing amount by 228% campground, and housing. Below is conceptual designing of those elements.

1,229 2,878 OGLALA OGLALA population HOUSING 1 POW WOW ENTRANCE (acres) 5 2 FOOD VENDORS

8 2 3 FOOD VENDORS 4 POW WOW RING 5 CRAFT VENDORS (24) 6 4 1 pow wows, gatherings 1 residential duplexes 6 CRAFT VENDORS (22) powwaw - “spiritual leader” 7 CRAFT VENDORS (24) 264 projected houses 3 8 POW WOW DRUM lasting 1 day to 1 week 3 neighborhood park space 5 people per house dance competition honoring Native American heritage 7

100 feet ELEMENTS OF A POW WOW: 2 neighborhood gardens 94 current houses 17 people per house DRUMS & POW WOW SONG RING

8’ 20’ 14’ 84’ 14’ 20’ 8’ CRAFT BOOTHS / RING CANOPY POW WOW CIRCLE RING CANOPY CRAFT BOOTHS / FOOD VENDORS FOOD VENDORS CRAFT & FOOD CAMPING VENDORS