ISSN: 2581-8511 Volume- 3 Issue-2 Tumbe Group of International Journals Tumbe May-August: 2020 A Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Journal

List of Regional significance of stone records of Hassan region – a historical perspective

K. N. Krishne Gowda Assistant Professor Department of History Government College, Alur Hassan District- 573201, state Ph: 8453777710, [email protected]

Abstract

This paper focuses on varieties of hero stones and epigraphic evidences in Hassan region which are a great contribution to historical researchers. The region has 220 stone and copper epigraphs recording various socio religious and economic activities. These epigraphs are abundant repository of historical records as they provide lots of information on polity , governance , society , trade , economic activities , religious festivals, etc The study of each epigraph is very significant fro researchers as they reflect on the life of common man , as well as daily routines. The epigraphs of this region holds significance because the region has been a witness to the rule of kings , feudatories, local chiefs as well as ministerial staff . The special significance of these archeological artifacts is that the land grants of the region are recorded on copper plates while general historical subjects is recorded on mere stone epigraphs. But the need for local people to understand the historical significance of these stone and copper writings is very limited. There is a need to make arrangement for people to read and decipher any such historical artifacts in future and link history of the region.

Key words: epigraphs , historical records, regional significance

List of Regional significance of stone records of Hassan region

Summary No. Type Placement

1 Hero Stone Near Virupaksha Temple Registers Gift Of Land 2 Hero Stone Near Virupaksha Temple Registers Gift Of Land 3 Hero Stone Krishanppa Choultry Registers Gift Of Land 4 Hero Stone Jubilee Hall Registers Death Of A Hero 5 Hero Stone Jubilee hall Mentions Jaina Disciples 6 Hero Stone Devagere Vighneshwara Temple Registers Death Of A Hero 7 Hero Stone Devagere Vighneshwara Temple Mentions King Narasimha 8 Copper Plate Devagere Vighneshwara Temple Grant Of Village 9 Copper Plate Devagere Vighneshwara Temple Refers to rule of Sadashivaraya 10 Copper Plate Devagere Vighneshwara Temple King Madhava III Of Gangas 11 Copper Plate Devagere Vighneshwara Temple Handinekere as an Agrahara 12 Stone Muguluru Basadi Mentions Jaina Disciples 13 Stone Muguluru Basadi Mentions Jaina Disciples

Impact Factor: 4.75 www.tumbe.org Page | 49

ISSN: 2581-8511 Group of International Journals Tumbe 14 Stone Muguluru Basadi Construction Of Basadi 15 Stone Muguluru Basadi Sallekhana Sri Vasupujyadeva 16 Copper Plate Basadi Sale Deed Of Village Mugulaur 17 Hero Stone Bylahalli Malleshwara Temple Death Of A Hero 18 Hero Stone Bylahalli Malleshwara Temple Death Of A Hero 19 Hero Stone Bylahalli Malleshwara Temple rule Sandanayaka Boppa deva 20 Stone Agalahalli Field Death Of A hero 21 Stone Malladeva Temple Gaudagere Death Of A Hero 22 Hero Stone Malladeva Temple Gaudagere Death Of A Hero 23 Hero Stone Malladeva Temple Gaudagere Death Of A Hero 24 Stone Malladeva Temple Gaudagere Refers To Rule Of Bittideva 25 Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Grant Of Wet Land 26 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Rule Of Maha mandaleshwara 27 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Grant to Mahalakshmi Temple 28 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Grant Of Land 29 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Two Looms To Mahalakshmi 30 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers Grant Of Land 31 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers Grant Of Land 32 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers Custom Dues 33 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Maintenance Of Aravatiige 34 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers Grant Of Land 35 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers Gift Of Income Land 36 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple construction Of Mahalakshmi 37 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers A Sale Deed 38 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers A sale Deed 39 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers Death Of A Hero 40 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Agreement Of Tenure Of Land 41 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Gift Of Exemption Of Taxes 42 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Registers a grant Of Land 43 Stone Epigraph Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi Temple Mentions Bhootanatha 44 Stone Epigraph Chikka Gaddavalli Anjaneya Swami Refers King Sadashiva Raya 45 Stone Pillar Anuganalu Channakeshava Temple Release Of Land Mortgaged 46 Pillar Stone Ugane Basava Shrine Charity Of Muddayya Nayaka 47 Hero Stone Ugane Anjaneya Temple Death Of A Hero 48 Stone Ugane Anjaneya Temple Death Of A Hero 49 Stone Saalenahalli Tirumaladeva Temple Refers temple Chinnagaraya 50 Stone Epigraph Ibdane Ishwara Temple Mentions Temple Of Ishwara 51 Stone Epigraph Ibdane Ishwara Temple Gift Of Wet Land God service 52 Stone Epigraph Ibdane Ishwara Temple Copy Of The Same 53 Stone Epigraph Kadaga Kalleshwara Temple gift of land for devadatti grant 54 Stone Epigraph Salagaame Temple Mentions Date of a rule 55 Stone Epigraph Salagaame Temple Death Of a Hero

Impact Factor: 4.75 Volume - 3 Issue-2 May-August : 2020 www.tumbe.org Page | 50

ISSN: 2581-8511 Group of International Journals Tumbe 56 Stone Epigraph Salagaame Temple Refers To Rule Of Hoysalas 57 Stone Epigraph Salagaame Temple Refers to Prarthana Shloka 58 Stone Epigraph Salagaame Temple Consecration Of Image 59 Stone Epigraph Kadavara Halli Mahatenshwara Temple Registers Receipt Of Money 60 Stone Epigraph Seege Temple Registers Grant Of Land 61 Stone Epigraph Seege Temple Hero Stone 62 Stone Epigraph Seege Temple Registers Grant Of Land 63 Stone Epigraph Seege Temple Refers To Rule Of Hoysalas 64 Stone Epigraph Ballenahalli Ranganatha Deva Temple Registers Grant Of Land 65 Stone Epigraph Allanatha Swamy Temple Grant Of Certain Incomes 66 Stone Epigraph Yalagunda Shantha Malleshwra Temple Description Of Hoysala king Stone Epigraph Vishnu vardhana 67 Stone Epigraph Yalagunda Rameshwara Temple Grant Of three Vrittis 68 Stone Epigraph Nitturu Someshwara Temple Grant To Deity 69 Stone Epigraph Nitturu Someshwara Temple Registers Death Of A hero 70 Stone Epigraph Nitturu Someshwara Temple Registers Death Of A hero 71 Stone Epigraph Nitturu Someshwara Temple Refers To Rule Of Hoysalas 72 Stone Epigraph Nitturu Someshwara Temple Registers Death Of Hero 73 Stone Epigraph Nitturu Someshwara Temple Registers Death Of A Hero 74 Stone Epigraph Nitturu Someshwara Temple Registers Offerings To God 75 Stone Epigraph Kellavatti Lakshmi Narayana Temple Consecration Of Deity 76 Stone Epigraph Kellavatti Tirumaladeva Temple Conversion Of Village Into An Agrahara 77 Stone Epigraph Kellavatti Janardhana Temple Refres to Sri Rangaraya’s rule 78 Stone Epigraph Kudure Gundi Lakshmi Kantha Temple Grant Of Income Customs 79 Stone Epigraph Kudure Gundi Veerabhadra Temple Death Of A hero 80 Stone Epigraph Kudure Gundi Veerabhadra Temple Reign Of Hoysalas 81 Stone Epigraph Kudure Gundi Veerabhadra Temple Reign Of Veera Ballala 82 Stone Epigraph Kudure Gundi Veerabhadra Temple Death Of A hero 83 Stone Epigraph Kudure Gundi Veerabhadra Temple Grant Of A village 84 Stone Epigraph Muttatti Madhavadeva Temple Grant Of A Village 85 Stone Epigraph Muttatti Madhavadeva Temple Grant Of Land 86 Stone Epigraph Chikka Menahalli Rangaswami Temple Grant Of A Village 87 Stone Epigraph Chikka Menahalli Rangaswamy Temple Grant Of Land 88 Stone Epigraph Pumagame Kalleshawra Temple Refers to Rule Chalukyas 89 Stone Epigraph Anugavalli Keshava Temple Obeisance To God 90 Stone Epigraph Anugavalli Keshava Temple Reign Of Vishnuvardhana 91 Stone Epigraph Anugavalli Keshava Temple Endowment Of Money 92 Stone Epigraph Anugavalli Keshava Temple Grant Of Land 93 Stone Epigraph Anugavalli Keshava Temple Gift daily Lamp in temple 94 Stone Epigraph Kodihalli Ishwara Temple Death Of A hero 95 Stone Epigraph Honnavara Keshava Temple Rule Of Vishnuvardhana

Impact Factor: 4.75 Volume - 3 Issue-2 May-August : 2020 www.tumbe.org Page | 51

ISSN: 2581-8511 Group of International Journals Tumbe 96 Stone Epigraph Honnavara Keshava Temple Grant Of Land 97 Stone Epigraph Honnavara Keshava Temple Records The Death Of A Hero 98 Stone Epigraph Honnavara Keshava Temple Installation Of Image 99 Stone Epigraph Honnavara Keshava Temple Reign Of Ganga kings 100 Stone Epigraph Honnavara Keshava Temple Reign Of Hoysalas 101 Stone Epigraph Hullanahalli Platform Of Grant Of Land 102 Stone Epigraph Hullenahalli Kalleshwara Temple Gift Of Free Imposts 103 Stone Epigraph Bhairapura Basavanna Shrine Built A Sluice 104 Stone Epigraph Kittanakere Ganesha Shrine Sluice Of A tank 105 Stone Epigraph Kittanakere Ishwara Temple Reign Of Hoysalas 106 Stone Epigraph Kittanakere Ishwara Temple Gift Of Land 107 Stone Epigraph Kittanakere Ishwara Temple Verse 108 Stone Epigraph Hiri kadaluru Chennakeshava Temple Grant Of Land 109 Stone Epigraph Hiri kadaluru Chennakeshava Temple Donors 110 Stone Epigraph Hiri kadaluru Chennakeshava Temple Verse 111 Stone Epigraph Hiri kadaluru Chennakeshava Temple Verse 112 Stone Epigraph Hirikadaluru Chennakeshava Temple Grant Of Land 113 Stone Epigraph Chikka Kadaluru Kalleshwara Temple Grant Of Alnd 114 Stone Epigraph Chikka Kadaluru Kalleshwara Temple Grant Of Wet Land 115 Stone Epigraph Chikka Kadaluru Kalleshwara Temple Gift Of Villages to Brahamanas 116 Stone Epigraph Jakkaluru Kalleshwara Temple Consecration Of Image 117 Stone Epigraph Jakkaluru Kalleshwara Temple Gift Of Oil Mill 118 Stone Epigraph Kabbinahalli Ishwara Temple Death Of A Hero 119 Stone Epigraph Kabbinahalli Ishwara Temple Death Ofa Hero 120 Stone Epigraph Kabbinahalli Ishwara Temple Death Of A Hero 121 Stone Epigraph Kabbinahalli Ishwara Temple Death Of A Hero 122 Stone Epigraph Dodda Pura Rameshwara Temple Gift Of Income 123 Stone Epigraph Satyamangala Grant Of Village 124 Stone Epigraph Samudra Valli Mantapa Service Of Persons To God 125 Stone Epigraph Laksmisagara Village Entrance Grant Of Village 126 Stone Epigraph Kommenahalli Village Entrance Grant Of Village 127 Stone Epigraph Koravangala Bucheshwara Temple Death Of A Hero 128 Stone Epigraph Koravangala Bucheshwara Temple Coronation Of Veera Ballala 129 Stone Epigraph Koravangala Bucheshwara Temple Genealogy Of king Narasimha 130 Stone Epigraph Koravangala Bucheshwara Temple Grant Of Land And Money 131 Stone Epigraph Koravangala Bucheshwara Temple Grant Of Oil Mill 132 Stone Epigraph Koravangala Bucheshwara Temple Excavation Of A tank 133 Stone Epigraph Koravangala Bucheshwara Temple Genealogical Details 134 Stone Epigraph Koravangala Bucheshwara Temple Imprecatory Verses 135 Stone Epigraph Mayisamudra Pasture Land Grant Of Land 136 Stone Epigraph Dudda Kalleshwara Temple Death Of A hero 137 Stone Epigraph Dudda Kalleshwara Temple Death Of A hero

Impact Factor: 4.75 Volume - 3 Issue-2 May-August : 2020 www.tumbe.org Page | 52

ISSN: 2581-8511 Group of International Journals Tumbe 138 Stone Epigraph Dudda Kalleshwara Temple Death Of A Hero 139 Stone Epigraph Dudda Kalleshwara Temple Death Of A Hero 140 Stone Epigraph Honnammanahalli Honnamma Temple Renewal Of Grant Of Land 141 Stone Epigraph Honnammanahalli Honnamma Temple Death Of Hero 142 Stone Epigraph Mudugere Ishwara Temple Grant Of Land 143 Stone Epigraph Anehalli Kaalikadevi Temple Grant Of Land 144 Stone Epigraph Heragu Fort Entrance Reign Of Veera Ballala Ii 145 Stone Epigraph Heragu Keerthi Narayana Temple Consecration Of A Temple 146 Stone Epigraph Heragu Jain Basadi Construction Of Jaina Temple 147 Stone Epigraph Heragu Jain Basadi Registers A Grant Of Land 148 Stone Epigraph Heragu Jain Basadi Grant Of Income Customs 149 Stone Epigraph Heragu Jain Basadi Gift Of Land 150 Stone Epigraph Heragu Jain Basadi Gift Of Oil Mill 151 Stone Epigraph Heragu Jain Basadi Reign Of king Veera Ballala 152 Stone Epigraph Heragu Jain Basadi Sluice Of Tank 153 Stone Epigraph Heragu Jain Basadi List Of Donors 154 Stoneepigraph Heragu Jain Basadi Gift Of Lands 155 Stone Epigraph Kalleshwara Temple Gift Of Wet Land 156 Stone Epigraph Haraiharapura Vishnu Temple Date Of Saka 157 Stone Epigraph Huvinahalli Village Entrance Gift Of Umbali 158 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Genealogy Of Achalaprakasha 159 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Grant Of Land 160 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Same As Above 161 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Reign Of King Narasimha 162 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Grant Of Money 163 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Act Of Charity 164 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Refers to Dalavayi’s Charity 165 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Construction Of A Tank 166 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Refers to king Achuhutaraya 167 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Grant Of Villages 168 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Erection Of Gateway 169 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Consecration Of Image 170 Stone Epigraph Shantigrama Narasimhaswami Temple Sale Deed Of Village 171 Stone Epigraph Gavunahalli Chamundeshwari Temple Gift Of Village 172 Stone Epigraph Saavanthanahalli Chennigaraya Grant Of Village 173 Stone Epigraph Saavanthanahalli Chennigaraya Gift To God 174 Stone Epigraph Markuli Bastadigudi Fort Entrance Grant Of Village 175 Stone Epigraph Ammagaudanahalli Village Entrance Reign Of Veera Balalla 176 Stone Epigraph Mosale Chennakeshava Temple Remission Of Taxes 177 Stone Epigraph Guddaterenya Someshwara Temple Consecration Of Image 178 Stone Epigraph Guddaterenya Someshwara Temple Grant To god 179 Stone Epigraph Kabbatti Village Entrance Mentions Gauda Names

Impact Factor: 4.75 Volume - 3 Issue-2 May-August : 2020 www.tumbe.org Page | 53

ISSN: 2581-8511 Group of International Journals Tumbe 180 Stone Epigraph Daasalapura Field Gift Of God 181 Stone Epigraph Malledevarapura Cave Hill king Vasavantha Raya 182 Stone Epigraph Malledevarapura Cave Hill Names of officers 183 Stone Epigraph Malledevarapura Cave Hill Excavation Of A tank 184 Stone Epigraph Karale House Entrance Grant By Tax Officers 185 Stone Epigraph Karale House Entrance Gift Of Wet Land 186 Stone Epigraph Mukkunduru Field Peramadi Deva Of Gangas 187 Stone Epigraph Avvarahalli Village Entrance Purchase Of Land 188 Stone Epigraph Banavase Wet Land Field Sale Deed 189 Stone Epigraph Uduvaare Ramalingeshwara Temple Reign Of Veera Ballala 190 Stone Epigraph Uduvaare Ramalingeshwara Temple Grant Of Income from temple 191 Stone Epigraph Uduvaare Ramalingeshwara Temple Reign Of Ganga Rulers 192 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Tax Remission 193 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Construction Of Brick Tank 194 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Same 195 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Grant Of Land 196 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Receipt Of Grants 197 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Grant Mahajanas Of Goruru 198 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Engraving Pillar 199 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Personal 200 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Same 201 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Ceiling Of Sanctum Of Temple 202 Stone Epigraph Goruru Paravasudeva Temple Salutation To Holeyammana 203 Stone Epigraph Changaravalli Near Dike Reconstruction Of Embank 204 Stone Epigraph Chaudahalli Village Entrance Reign Of Hoysala King 205 Stone Epigraph Henavanahalli Anjaneya Temple Gif t of A village 206 Stone Epigraph Byadarahalli Tank Bund Rule Of Veera Ballala Iii 207 Stone Epigraph Kodaramenahalli Basava Temple Service To God 208 Stone Epigraph Kallahalli Neeru Oni Death Of A hero 209 Stone Epigraph Javaenahalli matha Grant Of Land 210 Stone Epigraph Malligavalu Bhairava Temple Reign Of king Narasimha II 211 Stone Epigraph Malligavalu Bhairava Temple Reign Of king Veera Ballala 212 Stone Epigraph Malligavalu Bhairava Temple Death Of A Hero 213 Stone Epigraph Bilgunda Peepal Tree Open Yard Gift Of Village 214 Stone Epigraph Timmenahalli Passage Entrance Gift Of Dry Land 215 Stone Epigraph Kandali Hedge Wet Land Open Field Grant Of Land 216 Stone Epigraph Kandali Hedge Wet Land Now Deserted Same As Above 217 Stone Epigraph Kandali Hedge Wet Land Now Deserted Same As Above 218 Stone Epigraph Sankalapura Coconut Open Field Grant Of Village 219 Stone Epigraph Bittugondahalli Pit Culvert Gift Of Village 220 Stone Epigraph Bittugondahalli Pit Culvert Death Of A Hero

Impact Factor: 4.75 Volume - 3 Issue-2 May-August : 2020 www.tumbe.org Page | 54

ISSN: 2581-8511 Group of International Journals Tumbe Conclusion

This the epigraphs of this region hold significance it is necessary for a researcher to these archeological artifacts.

References

[1] Chopra, P.N.; Ravindran, T.K.; Subrahmanian, N (2003) History of South (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 1. New Delhi: Chand Publications [2] Foekema, Gerard (1996) A Complete Guide To Hoysala Temples. New Delhi: Abhinav publications [3] Hardy, Adam (1995) Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation-The Karnata Dravida Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries. Abhinav Publications [4] Kamath, Suryanath U. [1980]. A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. [5] Shastri, K.A. Nilakanta - A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. 1955 [6] Dasgupta, Surendranath- A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol.III Delhi Motilal Banasidass, 1975. [7] Satish Chandra- essays on medieval south Indian history Oxford University press New Delhi. 2003 [8] Ramanuja - Encyclopedia Britannica 2003 Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service. [9] Grewal, J. S. -The State and Society in Medieval India New Delhi Oxford University Press, 2005

[10] G.A. Oddie Religious conversion and Revival movements in Medieval and Modern times –Manohar books New Delhi 2009 –Introduction pp 1-12

Impact Factor: 4.75 Volume - 3 Issue-2 May-August : 2020 www.tumbe.org Page | 55