.i

THE cmesPEPms GROWING 019 TIIE GROUXDS OF STAXFORD UNIVERSITY after L R. Abrams, Stanford Univ, Publ.. Univ. Ser., 1413; nomenclature revised according to L. I!. Bailey, Han. C~ltivatedPla=lts, 1949.

Subdivision I. Gymnospermae.

Trees or shrubs, mostly evergreen, usually with needle-like or scale-like ; ovules and seeds borne naked; ovuliferous scales commonlyin cones; ovules becoming dry or drupe-like seeds.

Seeds l, rarely 2,drupe-like or berry-like; embryo with2 cotyledons. Leavesfan-shapcd, usually bilobed, deciduous, 1 . G-!qkgoaceae . Leaves needle-shaped or linear, persistent, mostly1-1/2-4" long, Fruitfleshy, borne on a thickenedstalk. 3, Podocarpaceae. Fruit Eleshy, not borne a onthickened stalk. Leaves 1/2 to I-lJ4" long, either with pale green to tawny bands beneath or with 2 glaucous lines narrower than 3the green ones; branchlets alternate or subopposite. 2, Taxaceae. Leaves 1-3" long", with 2 glaucous lines benzath broader than 3the green lines; branchletslines;opposite. 4. Cephalotaxaceae. Seeds several or many,in a more or less woody dry cone or (in Juniperus) ina > berry-like cone formed by the union of severalscales; embryo with 2-several cotyledons. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate,1/3" or more in v7idth at base; each cone- scale with scale 1 ovule. 5. Araucasiaceae. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled;or needle-shaped, linear, or scale-like; usually narrower at base; each cone-scale 2 withor more ovules. Leaves oppositeor whorled, usuallyscale-like; cotyledons usually 2. All leaves less than 1" long, 8 , . Some leaves 3-6" long. 7. Taxodiaceae. (Sciadopitys) Leaves alternateor fascicled, usually linear or needle-like; cotyledons commonly marethan 2. Cone-scales in axilsof distinct bracts; scales flattened, with2 seeds. 6. Pinaceae, Cone-scales without bracts; scales often peltate, 2-9with seeds, 7. Taxodiaceae.

I. Ginlcgoaceae . Gin&p Family A single species is thesole survivor of this ancient groupof gymnosperms.

l. Ginkgo biloba L, Ginkgo or Haidenhair ,

Leaves deciduous, clustered on short stubby twigs, fan-shaped, thickened on the margin and usually divided, parallel-veined; flowers dioecious; staminate in slender aments; ovulate in pairs on long stalks; fruit drupe-like, with an ill- scented fleshy coat surroundinga smooth oval stone. Native of and Japan. Handsome staminate treesare on the groundsof the Stanford Residence,and few youngtrees are planted on the Campus. c1 2. Taxaceae, Yew Family.

Evergreen or shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, often 2-ranked, usually linear. dioecious; starninate flowers solitaryor in small spikes in axils of leaves; ovulate flowersof 1 erect ovule. Fruit berry- or drupe-like, consisting of a bony-coated seed surrounded by the fleshy aril. *, -2-

1. Taxus L. Yewe

Trees or shrubs withspreading or erect branches and scaly bark. Leaves flat, linear, 2-ranked.Flowers dioecious, axillary; pollen-sacs 6-8, arrangedin a circle. Fruitwith a brightred, fleshy, viscid, opencup partlyenclosing the erect stone. A gdnusof approximately 8 closelyrelated species, distributed through the northtemperate regions. 1. Taxus baccata L. English Yew.

Leaves linear, 2-ranked,usually falcate, shortly acuminate, dark green above, palebeneath, 1/4-3/4" long; fruit 1/3-1/2" broad,with almost globose aril. The English Yew is a native of Europe, western Asia, and northernAfrica. It has long been cultivated and many gardenforms exist. Several shrubs are in the neighborhoodof the Cactus Garden, especially near theentrance,

la. Taxus baccatavar, strlcta Laws. Irish Yew.

Leaves linear, as in the typical form,but spreading from all sides of the erect fastigiate branches. Specimens are on the borders of theCactus Garden. lb. Taxus baccata var. adpressa Can.

Leaves flat and linear,appearing 2-ranked, spiny-tipped. Flowers dioecious, axillary;pollen-sacs 4, arranged in a semicircle; fruitdrupe-like, the greenish aril completelyenclosing the stone;endosperm nutmeg-like. A genus of 4 species,widely separated geographically and of very local distribution. One is in Florida,one in California, and theother two are in Chinaand Japan.

1, Torreyacalifornica Torr. California Nutmeg.

Leaves 1-112 to Z" long, 1/8" wide,tapering slightly to the sharp-pointed apex, dark glossygreen above, pale beneath; fruit 1- 1-112'' long. Tree sometimes 80' high,with spreading or drooping branches and smooth scaly bark. Native of central and northernCalifornia in theCoast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada.

3. Podocarpaceae.Podocarpus Family.

1. Podocarpus L'Her.

Trees or sometimesshrubs with Itnear or lanceolate, alternate or opposite, evergreenleaves. Fruit drupe-like, borne on a thickenedfoot-stalk; seeds in- verted. -3-

A genus of over 40 species,chiefly in the tropics and subtropics of thesouthern hemisphere,fiany species are valuable thber trees, P. Podocarpusmacrophylla Don.

Leaves alternate,lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 2-5" long,about l/2" wide, brightgreen and lustrousabove, pale beneath; fruit greenish, on a thickened purplish foot-stalk. One spdcimen,planted by ProfessorDudley, is on the 1awn at 8 Alvarado Row.

4. Cephalotaxaceae. Plum-yew Famiby,

1, CephalotaxusSieb. G Zucc, Plum-yew.

Leaves linear, acute and oftensharp-pointed, spirally arranged but usually appearing2-ranked. Flowers dioecious, pedunculate, clustered in small heads. Fruitdrupe-like; endospermuniform, A small genuscontaining but 4 species, all of which are native to Japanand China. .

Leaves 1/2-3/4" long, abruptly acute. l, C. harringtonia, Leavesabout 2" long, gradually tapering from near base. 2, C. fortunei.

1. Cephalotaxusharringtonia Koch.

Leaves appearing2-razked and opposite, 1/2-3/4" lor~g,scarcely 1/8" wide, abruptlyacute, margins not revolute; fruit elliptic, about 3/4" long; stone smooth.

Native ofnorthern China and Japan, where it attains a heightof 30-40'. One I ovulateshrub is at the west end of EncinaGarden and a couple of small staminate r specimens are in the nursery.

2. CephalotaxusEortunei Rook,

Leaves2-ranked, margins thin, slightly revolute, gradually tapering to the ' sharp-pointedapex, about 2" long, over 1/8" wide o Tree 40-60' highwith long, slender, droopíngbranches, Native of northern China. One small staninate tree is north of the live oak on the Mausoleum lawn.

5. Araucariaceae.Araucaria Family

Evergreenresinous trees, Brancheswhorled; leaves ad-shaped to broad-ovate, compressed,Plants dioecious or rarely monoecious; staminate flowers large and cone-like,axillary or terminal on shortbranches; ovulate flowers in terminal headsbecoming a large woody deciduouscone; scales with 1 seed, without distinct bracts .

Scalespersistent; seeds free. i 1. Agathis. Scalesdeciduous; seeds adherent. 2. Araucaria . 1. AgathisSalisb. Leaves opposite or alternate, ovate-lanceolate,attenuate, parallel-veined, and of a firmleathery texture. Flowers dioecious, solitary; the staminate elongated. Cones ovateto globose, axillary;scales persistent; seeds wingedonly on oneside, f ree . Leaves oppositeor sometimes alternate,1-1/2 to 4" long, ovate-lanceolate, glaucous-green; staminate flowers 2" long; cones globose or turbinate,3-4" long. A large forest tree, often8-10' in diameter and 100' or more high. Native of the mountainsof the Malay Archipelago. One young specimen,which seems perfectly hardy in this climate, is in Prafessor Durand's garden.

2, Araucaria Yuss.

Leaves evergreen lanceolate or short-ovate to awl-shapedD usually sharp- pointed. Flowers normally dioecious; cones erect, their scales deciduous; bvules and seeds 1 to each scale, pendent; anthers with several elongated, pendentpollen- sacs. Araucaria is representedby 10 species, all of which are restricted to the southern hemisphere,

Leaves lanceolate to ovate, Leaves lanceolate; spiny tip of scale about l/Z" long. Leaves 2-ranked, dark green; scales nearlyas broad as long; bract and scale distinct toward the apex.distinct thetoward 1. A. bidwillii. Leaves spreading fromall sides of the branches; scales ovgr twiceas long as broad; bract and scale completely united. 2. A, braziliana. Leaves broadly ovate, concave, stiff, and very spiny-tipped;sFiny tip of scale- 1-1/2" long. 3. A. araucana. Leavesawl-shaped; exfoliating.bark 4. -A. cunninghamii,

1. Araucaria bidwillii Hook. Eunya-bunya Pine.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate,flat, rigid, sharp-pointed, dark green and shiny, those on the branches twisted and 2-ranked,1-2" long; cones ovate-globose, 8-10'' long; scale and bract distinct above the middle, freeof partscale 3/4" broad; bract 2" long, nearly as wide,thin, sharply and very prominently keeled at apex, terminated by a reflexed linear-lanceolate spine3/4" long. A forest tree 100-150' high. Plative of the Brisbane ilountains, Australia, where it is knownas the Bunya-Eunya. A large treeís on the groundsof the Stan- , ford Residence, and smaller specimens are near the Mausoleum avenue and in Encina Garden. 2, Araucaria brazilíana Rich. Brazilian Pine. Leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering toa spiny tip, flat, straight, spreading from all sides of the branches, rather pale glaucous-ereen,1-2'' long; cones globose, 6-8" long; bracts and scales completely united and indistinguishable, wedge-shaped and somewhat &sided, 2" long, 3/4" broad, terminatedby a línear- lanceolate spine 1/2" long. A tree 75-100' high. Native of southern Brazil. TWQ small. trees are between the Cactus Garden and the I4ausoleum. 3 . Araucaria araucana Roch. Honkey Puzzle . Leaves broadly ovate, closely set and spreadingall from sides of the branches, straight, concave, rigid, verysharppointed, 3/44" long; cones globose,6-8" long; scales wedge-shaped,2'' long, about1'' broad, terminated by a slender subulate spine l-lf2"long, A forest tree, often100' high, forming extensiveforests in the Andesof south- ern Chile. A good specimen is on the Mausoleum latan, and other smaller trees are on the Campus. -5-

4. Aratrcaria cunninghamii Bit. Hoop Pine. Leaves awl-shaped, enlarged at base,1/2" long, spreading fromall sides of the branches, rigid; cones ovate-globose,3-4" long; scales wedge-shaped,1/2" broad, termhated by an awl-shapedawn 1/3 its length. A large tree 100-15-* high, with exfoliating bark. An Australian species form- ing extensive forests inNew South ?Jales and Queensland. One tree is at the east end of Roble Garden and anotheris on the southwest border of the Cactus Garden. Araucaria excelsaR.Br., the Norfolk Island Pine, resemblesA. cunninghamii but the branches are in very symmetrical and rather distinct whorls. This species is not cultivated on the grounds is but planted in gardens in SanJose and San Francisco. 6. Pinaceae. Pine Family. Resinous trees furnishing valuable timber and ornamental subjects. Leaves spirally arranged, solitary or fascicled, linear, needle-like, mostly persistent, sometimes deciduous. Plants usually monoecious; flowers borne in cones; staminate cones with many stamens having2 pollen-sacs; ovules 2 or inner surface ofa scale; fruit a woody cone with dry, usually winged seeds.

Leaves in l-5-leaved clusters, surrounded at bybase menbranous sheaths; cones mat uring the second year. Pinus year. second the maturing 1. Leaves without basal sheaths, scattered or clustered on short stubby branchlets; cones maturing the first year. Leaves clustered on short stubby branchlets; cones erect.2, Cedrus. Leaves single, spirally arranged or appearing 2-ranked. Cones pendent; scales persistent. Branchlets roughwith the persistent, woody -bases; bracts not exserted. 3. Picea. Branchlets smooth; leaf-bases sessile; bracts +parted, well exserted. 4. Pseudotsuga. Cones erect; scales deciduous; branchlets smooth. 5. Abies. 1. Pinus L. Pine.

Trees or a few shrubs. Leaves evergreen, needle-shaped, in clustersof 2-5 (solitary in one species) from axilsthe of scale-like primary leaves, each cluster surrounded at baseby a persistent or deciduous sheath of membranous scales; cones maturing the second year, their scales persistent, woody, often thickened or awned with a prickle at apex. Seeds usually winged. The pines, with approximately80 living species, constitute the largest genus of the Gymnosperms. They are restrictedto the northern hemisphere and chiefly to the temperate regions. Sheaths deciduous; leaves with1 vascular bundle, in fives (exceptP. quadrifolia and F. edulis); wood light-colored and soft. Cones cylindric; scales thin; wings elongated; leaves in fives, serrulate. White Pines. F= Leaves not sharp-pointed; resin-ducts not surrounded by strengthening cells. Leaves grayish green, soft, recurved or drooping; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-8" long, drooping; cones6-10" long; scales abruptly pointed at apex. 1. P. griffithii. Leaves 2-4'' (rarely 5) long; cones 2-4" long; scales-rounded at apex, 2. P. strobus. Leaves bluish green, stiff and erect; branchlets puberuient; 4-11"cones long;pointed. scales 3. p. monticola. Leaves sharppointed and stiff, 2-4" long, dark bluish green; resin-ducts Sur" rounded by strengthening cells; cones12-20'' long, 4. -p. lambertiana. -6- Cones notcylindric; scales thickened;wings reduced to a ring;leaves not serrulate. --Stone Pines. Leaves fives;in cones 2-1/2 to 3" long, 5, P-. cembra, Leaves in twos or fours;cones 3/4-2" Ion+ in fours.Leaves in 6, P. suadrifolia.

p- Leaves ín fives p about 10" long. 8. -P,torreyana. Leaves in twos or threes, Leaves in threes, Cones with the umbo ending Ln a stout hooked projection; leaves 8" or more long . Leavesgrayish green, drooping; eones chocolate-colored, ovate, 9, P. sabiniana, Leavesdull green, spreading; cones light brom, cylind&-ovate. 10, P, coulteri. Cones with rounded or flattened apophysis; umbo with or wi'hout a slender prickle . Umbo wíth a prominentprickle; apophysis but little thickened. Branchletsglaucous; leaves bluishgreen. 11. p. jeffregi. Branchletsnot glaucous; leaves brightyellowish green. 12, P.ponderosa. Umbo without or with a rudimentary prickle. P Leaves slender,drooping, 8-10" long; conescylindric, 4-8" long; apophysislowpyramidal. 13 , P-. canariensis e Leaves notdrooping, 4-6" longdark green; cones ovate and unsym- r metrical; apophysison the outside rounded, 14. E. radiata. Leaves in twos. Conesunsymmetrical; scales much enlareedon the outside; armed with prom- 15. p. muricata. Cones nearly s-ymmetrical; prickles nune or inconspicuous. Leavesslender and flexible, 2-4'* long; apophysisflattened, deep lus- trous brown. 16. 2. halepensis, Leavesstout and rigid, Conesand leaves 4" long or more. Seeds 3/4" long,with a veryshort wing; apophysis low, so~ewhat 6-sided. 17. P. pinea. Seedsscarcely 1/2" long;, much shorterthan the wings;apophysis pyramidalandsharply keeled . 18, P. pinaster,

I Conesand leaves 1-1/2 to 3" long. l Trees of good size, Leaves flattened;cone-scales with a flattened apex projecting beyond the dorsal umbo. 19, P. sylvestris, Leaves rounded cm theback, grooved beneath, 2z3" long; apex of

21, P-. montana, 1. Pinusgrilffithii ?kclelland* Branchletsgreenish brown, glabrous,glaucous; leaves veryslender, flaccid, drooping,grayish green, 6-8" long; coneson stalks 1-2" long, cylindric, 6-10" long; scales sharp-pointed;seeds 1/3" long; wings 1" long, acute, A native of the HimalayaNountains, where ít attains a height of 150'e One tree is in the Arboretum northeast of the CactusGarden. ~~ - - i I j si.-z-.-ll ri ..,._-_AL.. .- __ __ . _- " - . . ._ .

-7- 2. Pinusstrobus L, \?hite Pine.

Branchletsglabrous, green or greenish brovm; leaves soft and veryflexible, 2-5" long,light bluish green; cones on stalks 1/2-1" long, cylindric, 2-4" long; scales oblong-obovate, flexible;seed reddish brom, mottled with black, 1/4" long;wings four times as long,mutish. A native of eastern America, extending from Newfoundland to ilanitoba, south to Georgia and Iowa. Specimens are alongPine Avenue, between University Avenue and theautornohile road, and in the nursery south of thelath-house. 3. Pinusmonticola Don. MountainWhite Pine. Branchletspuberulent, yellowish or reddish brom; leaves stiff, bluish green andglaucous, 1-1/2 to 4" long;cones short-stalked, cylindric, S-ll-' long,yellow- ish brown; scalespointed by theslightly thickened umbo; seeds 1/3" long,reddish brmm, mottledwith black; wings three times as long,acute. A native ofwestern America, extendíng from British Columbia to Idaho and the highmountains of California. One tree east ofCactus Garden; a few others are scattered through the Arboretum. 4. Pinuslambertiana Dougl.Sugar Pine. Branchletspubescent, brown; leaves 314" long, stout,sharp-pointed, dark bluishgreen with conspicuous white lines on back; cones on stalks, 2 to 3-1/2" 1 long,cylindric, light brown, shiny, 10-20" long;seed 112'' long,dark brown or nearlyblack; wing rounded at apex. A RacificCoast species, extending from southern Oregon to northern Lower California. The largest and mostmagnificent of all thepines. Several trees are north of the Angelof Grief, andone or two fairly large trees are north of the Stanford Residence. 5. Pinuscenbra L. Swiss StonePine. Branchletswith yellowish brom tomentum; leaves straight, dark green on back, bluishwhite inside, 2 to 3-1/2" long;cones short-peduncled, ovate, light brot~n, 2-1/2 to 3-1/2" long,; scales rounded at apex; apophysis much broaderthan high; seed 112'' long. Native of the Alps and extendin5northward to Russia and northern Asia, where it attains 70' oroccasionally 120'. One small tree which has notfruited is at the entrance of theCactus Garden. 60 Pinusquadrifolia Parl. Parry's Pinon. Branchletspuberulous, light grayish brown; leaves 3-5 (usually 4), rigid,in- curved,light green on back,whitish inside, 1-1/2 to 2" long; conessubglobose, 1-1/2 to Z"' long, chestnut brown; apophysisthick, pyramidal, conspicuously keeled; umbo withminute recurved prickle; seed 1/2" long. Tree attaining 4OV,with spreading branches forming arounded top; bark dark brown tingedwith red, shallovly fissured. Native of the extreme southernpart of California and extendinginto the mountains of northern Lower California.There are no specimens of this tree in the Arboretum, but one tree which fruited in 1911 is at 17 Salvatierra Street, and mother small specimen is at 8 Alvarado ROW. 7- Pinusedulis Engelm. Pinon. Leaves in twos orrarely threes, stout, rigid, incurved, dark green on the back, marked within by several rows of stomata, 3/4 to 1-1/2" long,persistent for threeor four years or sometimeslonger; staminate flowers dark red; cones 31'4 to -8- 1-1/2*'long and. nearly as broad;seeds ovate, dark red-brom below, orange-yellow above, 1/2" long;wings 1/8" wide. A small tree with a dividedtrunk, 30* to 40' hiSh.Native of thesouthern Rocky Mountains,extending from eastern Utah and southwestern Wyoming southward to themountains of northern Pfexico. Brae young tree is in ProfessorDurand* s garden,

8, Pinustorreyana Parry. Torrey Pine,

Branchletsgreenish or purplish,glabrous; leaves rigid, dark green, 8-12" long;cones broadly ovate, 4-6" long,chocolate brom; apophysis lo~:.7-pyramidal; umbo elongated,reflexed, with a shortspiny tip; seed 3/4" long;short-winged. Tree 40' or occasionally 60' highwith spreading branches and dark brown bark. Perhapsthe rarest pine, kno1.m only in two small groves: one is at Del Mar, San DiegoCounty, and the other is onSanta Rosa Islandoff the coast of southern California. Good-sized trees are nearthe middle of the Arboretum just west of University Avenue.

9. Pinus sabiniana DougI,Digger Pine. - ; i. i. ./j L ,>* I - - -__ --.a, Leaves slender, drooping, grayish green, 8-12" long; GE-pendent ion stalksd 2" long, light red-brom, lonz;apophysis>_m+aidal, SharpTyXeeled, flat- 6-10'' 1 ,I". . __ ~~ L .,--. tened at thestraight or incurved apex; seedd'3/4" long; slmrt-winged.-Y Tree 50-80' high with the trunk usually divXtlëd-into several stems p forming a round-toppedhead, Native of theInner Coast Rangesand thefoothills of the Sierra Nevada, California.Specimens are in the Roble Garden,near the Xuseum, and in theNursery,

10. Pinuscoulteri Don, CoulterPine.

Leaves stout,acuminate, dark bluish green, not drooping, 6-12" long; cones r I ' short-stalked,cylindric-ovate, yellox.~ish brown, 9-14" long;apophysis elongated- pyramidal,gradually narrowed into straightor incurved umbo; seed1/2" long, Tree 80' high,forming a loose pyramidalhead, Native of theCoast Ranges of California. Trees are planted ín the Roble Gardennear the Nuseum andelsewhere. II, pinusjeffrepí l-furr. Jeffrey's Pine. Leaves stout, 5-9" long,pale bluish green; cones conic-ovate, light brotm, 6-12" long; apophysisdepressed, keeled; umbo elongatedinto a slenderrecurved spine;seed about 1/2" long. Forest tree attaining a height of nearly 200', vith short spreading branches forming an openpyramidal head, fTative o€ themountains of Oregonand California. Specimens are in the Nursery south of thelath-house. 12. Pinus ponderosa Dougl. VesternYellow Pine,

Branchletsreddish brown; leavesdark yellowish green, 5-10" long;cones ovate- oblong, light reddish brown, 3-1/2 to 5" long; apophysisflattened, keeled; umbo triangular,ending i~ a stout, straight or incurvedprickle; seed 1/4" long;wing 1" long. Tree 150' or occasionally 230*, forming a spire-likehead, Native of western America, extending from British Columbia to Mexico,and from westernNebraska and Texas toCalifornia, A row of trees is vest of theNursery lath-house, others are betweenUniversity Avenue and the Piausoleum,and a few large trees are north of the StanfordResidence. -9-

13. Pinuscanariensis C. Smith, Canary IslandPine, Branchletsyellowish; leaves slender, 8-ElV8 lon,q, light green,flexible, usual- ly drooping,flattened; cones ovoid, 4-7" long,light brom, lustrous; apophysis low-pyramidal, umbo obtuseor sometimes depressed; seed 1/2" long. -. Tree 80' high withslender branches forming a round-topped head, Nativeof the Canary Islands and Teneriffe.Several trees are west of the hrsery andone near Xausoleum Avenue. Some of the trees west of thenursery which were severely burnedthree or four years ago are sendingout net? shoots from theburned branches andtrunks, The primaryleaves on theseshoots are silvery-glaucous.

14. Pinusradiata Gord. MontereyPine. Leaves brightgreen, 3-6" long;cones light brom, lustrous, conic-ovate, un- symnaetrical, 3-5" long, 2-4" broad; scales or- LTper surfacewith rounded apophysis, those on the lower surface trith nearly flat apophysis; prickles very minute; seeds black, 1/4" long, half thelength of the wing. Tree 80'-100' , broadlypyramidal or with round-topped head. Hative of the coast of California andabundant at Xonterey.Comonly cultivated on the Univer- sity grounds. 15. Pinusrnuricata Don. Prickle-conePine. 1 Leaves brightgreen, rather stout, 4-6'* long, strongly serrate; cones 2 to 2-1/2" long,very unsymmetrical by theenlargement of scales on outside; prickles prominent;seeds 1/5" long; wings 1/2" long, A compact pyramidalor branching tree 50-90' high, with dense foliage, Native of theCalifornia coast. Specimens are among thepines Setveen the Post Office and theQuadrangle, Others v7ere formerlyback of theChemistry Building, 16. Pinushalepensis Ait. AleppoPine. Leaves dullgreen, very slender for the group, 2-1/2 to 3" long,tufted at the' end of thebranches; cones conical, smooth, 2-1/2 to 3" long,deep lustrous brotm; scales flattened, 3/4*' broad;apophysis but slightly thickened,flat andsmooth, except for a rather faint transverse ridge, A low spreading tree wit3 anopen, thin, and stragglingaspect, 20-40' high. Native of the Mediterraneanregion, extending from Portugal to Asia Zinor. Several trees are planted in the Arboretun; one especially fine specimen is be- tween the Mausoleum and the Eluseum.

16a, Pinus halepensis pítyusa Stevens. Larger tree than the typical form, withleaves 4-5" long and cones 3-5" long. Native of theeastern Xediterranean region. Specimens aresouth of theNursery. 17. PinusDinea L. ItalianStone Pine. Leaves stout,straight, deep shiny-green, 5-8" long;cones 5-6" long,broadly ovate,lustrous-brown; scales thick andheavy, 1" broad;apophysis but slightly elevated,often &sided; umbo with a short blunt prickle; seeds 3!4" long,with broadbut very short wings, Tree 25-60', with a broadrounded head, Common on the sandyshore of Tuscany. One tree is north of the Nurserylath-house. 18. Pinuspinaster Ait, ClusterPine,

Leaves glossy-green, very stout , stif f, and twisted o acute, 5-9" long, appear- ing in definíte and somewhat remote bands; cones, ín the older trees, clustered, -10- conic-oblong, 4-7" lonz; apophysisnearly 3/4" broad,Pow-pyramidal, conspicuously keeledwith a prominenttriangular umbo; seed 1/3" long;wing about I" long. Tree 100' highwith regular pyramidal habit and rapidgrowth. Native of the coastalregion of southernEurope. A variety has beenextensively used in Europe

to reclaim~ wastes of maritime sands.Several trees are in the row of pines be- eween-the'iPsst.*Off ice and the quadrangle . A handsome specimen is in the rear of

Leaves lightgreen, flattened and twisted,stiff, l to 1-1/2" long;;cones 2 to 2-1/2" long, light brown; scales 1/2" broad;apophysis, at least of themiddle scales, with a dorsal, knob-Pike, keeled, and truncatedthickening and a thin, somewhat recurvedapex; seed 1/4" long; wing narrow,acute. A forest tree 70-100* highwith pyramidal head and scatteredfoliage, The ScotchPine is oneof theimportant timber trees ofEurope. Several trees are in the Nursery north of the lath-house, and onefs about in the middle of the Arboretum near University Avenue.

20. Pinusnigra Arnold. Austrian Pine. -.I

Leavesstout and veryrigid, 1-1/2 to 2-1/2" long, abruptlysharp-pointed, b rounded on theback, deeply grooved beneath, dark green; cones 2-1/2" long,light bropm; scales about 1" long, 3/8" broad;apophysis low-pyramidal, slightlykeeled , and with a minute prickle. This species is more generally known underthe name Pinus austriaca. It is a native ofsoutheastern Europe. A small tree is southwest of theNursery lath- house. 21, Pinusmontana M.ll. Swiss MountainPine. Leavesstout andcrowded, 3/4-2" long,bright green, acutish; cones 3/4 to 2-1/4" long, light grayish brown; apophysislov~pyramidal, with a black band sur- roundingthe umbo. A variable species, often a low dwarf shrub,or sometimes a pyramidal tree 40' high.Native of themountains of central. and southwesternEurope. One dwarf specimen is on the west side cf the Cactus Garderì. 2. Cedrus Loud. Cedar. Largeforest trees with stiff, 4-sided, more or less sharplypointed leaves in clusters at theends of short,stubby, lateral branchlets.Flowers monoecious, erect;cones ovate, 3-5'' long, ~7ithbroad, thin, closely imbricated scales, A genus of 3 closely allied species, confined to northern Africa, Asia Minor, and the HimalayaMountains. These are thetrue cedars, although the name is appliedto a number of totally different genera, such as ,Juniperus, ,and .

Branchesstiff-horizontal or ascending, not pendulous; cones truncate and often concave at apex. Branchesmostly ascendinp,; leading shoots not nodding; leaves mostly less than 1"thanthicker long, broad. l. C, atlantica, Brancheshorizontal; leading shoots nodding; leaves 1 to 1-1/4= long,broader than thick than . 2. C, libani. Branchesandleading shoots pendulous; cones leaves often-2" long. 3. 2. deodara.

l 1. Cedrus atlantica"Lanetti. Xt. Atlas Cedar.

Leaves mostlv less than 1" long, rigid,dark or glaucous-green,thicker than broad;cones 2-3" long, light brtDxm. A pyramidal tree 120' highwith ascending branches and erect, or at least not drooping,leading shoots. A horticulturalvariety, glauca, has leaves very glaucouswith a silveryhue, 23ative of themountains of northernAfrica. Frequent- ly planted on theUniversity grounds. A handsome specimen of the variety is east of theCactus Garden.

1 2. Cedrus líbani Lebanon,Loud. of Cedar Leaves l*' long or more, dark green or in some forms bluish green or even silvery, broaderthan thick; cones 3-4" long, brown. Large forest tree with widespreading horizontal branches andnoddicg leading shoots.Eative of themountains of Syria and Asia Minor. Two trees are east of the CactusGarden, near the silver-leaved l=It. Atlas Cedar,and another ís in the west- ern part of theXursery, surrounded by a cluster of the Mt. Atlas Cedar.

3. Cedrusdeodara Loud. Deodar.

Leaves 1-2" long,dark bluish green, rigid, as thick as broad;cones 3-1/2 to .I 5" long,reddish brokm. Largeforest tree, often 1509 high,with branches and leading shoots pendulous.

Severalhorticultural varieties are incultivation; one,argentea, has silvery II leaves. Native of the HimalayaMountains, Specimens are in Encinaand Roble , Gardens,and the variety argentea is in the Arboretum north of the 'i.lausoleum.

3. Picea A. Dietr. Spruce.

Trees withspreading or sometines pendulous branches. Leaves linear, flat or r- &sided,spirally arranged, sometimes appearing 2-ranked, not narrowed into a leaf- stalk; leaf-scars raised on prominent 1;loody pedicels, whichgive the twigs a decided roughness after theleaves have fallen. Cones pendulous,their scales persistent, completelyconcealing the very short bracts.

The 18 known species are confined in their distribution to the north temperate c and subarcticregions.

Leavesquadrangular with stomata on all 4 sides. Cone-scalesrounded at apex, Leaves1/3-2/3" long, obtuse; branchlets not long-pendulous. Young twigsglabrous; cones 1-1/2 to 2'' long, 1. -P. Glauca. Young twigspubescent; cones 3-5" long, 2, -P. orientalis. Leaves 1-1/4 to 2" long, sharp-pointed. 3. -P. snithiana, Cone-scalesnot rounded at apex;leaves acute or sharp-pointed. Leavesdark green, abruptly acute; cone-scales firm on themargins, truncate at apex. 4. P. abies. Leavesblue-green, acuminate and callous-tipped; conemscales rhomboidal, --their m argins flexuose, 5. flexuose, margins -P. pungens, Leaves flattened,with 2 silverybands of stomataabove. 6, p, sitchensis.

1. IPicea Zlauca Voss. White Spruce. Leaves spreadingfrom all sídes of glabroustwigs, 1/202/3~' long, 1/24" side, sharp-pointed,dull glaucous-green; floxqers pale red or yellowish;cones 1-1/4 to 2'' long,about 1" broad;scales rounded at apex, 1/3" wide. A tree 50-150' high with a syotmetrical pyramidal head.Native of North temp- erate and subarctic America, extendingfrom Alaska to Labrador and from Montana to New England. One tree is nearthe center of theCactus Garden. Leaves spreadinz from a31 sides of the pubescenttwigs, 1/3-1/2" long, 1/12" wide,4-sided, blunt at apex,dark lustrous-Sreen; flowers carmine; cones 3-5" long9about 1-1/2" broad; scales rounded at apex, 2/3" wide. Native of the Caucasusand Asia Minor. Two trees are nearthe center of the Cactus Garden.

3. Picea srnithiana(Wall) Boiss. HimalayaSpruce.

Leavesspreading from all sides of thelong pendulous branches, 1-11'4 to 2" long, 1/2Q" wide,shzzp-pointed, light green; cones 5-7" long,about 2" broad; scales firm and shiny,about 3/hq1wide, crowded intoclose spirals,rounded at apex. A common tree in the coniferous forests of the Himalaya!-fountains. One tree is on the west side of theCactus Gardenand two others are near the Angel of Grief.

4. Piceaabies Karst. Norway Spruce.

Leavesspreading from all sides of the sparsely pubescent, light brown twigs, 1/2-2/3"long, 1/24!' wide, Lr-sfded, sharp-pointed,bright green; cones 2-3/4 to 5"

long,about half as broad; scales 2/3" wide, their exposed tips 3-sided,the 2 1 lateral marginsoblique from a truncate and erose apex. Native of themountains of central and northernEurope, One tree is on the

west side of theCactus Garden, and others are plantedelsewhere on the Campus. I

5. Picea pungens Engelm. BlueSpruce.

Branchletsglabrous; leaves stout, rigid, acuminateand sharp-pointed with a calloustip, 3/4-1-I./8" long,or less on fertilebranches, bluish green or some- , times silvery, markedon bothsides with 4-7 rows of stomata;staminate flowers yellowtinged with red; cones oblong-cylindric, about 3" long,pale chestnut brown and glossy;scales rhomboidal, flexuose on themargins, erose at the summit; seeds 1/S" long;wings twice as Long. Forest tree 80-150* highwith a trunk sometimes 3' in diameter.Native of themountains of Colorado,eastern Utah, and Vyomíng. A young tree is inProfessor Durand*sgarden.

6. Piceasitchensís Carr. TidelandSpruce.

Leavesspreading from all sides of the light brownishyellow, glabrous ttqigs, greenand rounded below, flat, slightly keeled and with 2 broad silvery bands above,sharply acute, 1/2-1" long;cones cylindric-oval, 2-1/2 to 4" long;scales roundedand erose at apex. Tree 100-200' high withslender horizontal. branches, Native of the northwest coast,extending from Alaska to northern California. One tree is in the Arboretum between theautomobile road and the carline near the old Sempervirens avenue. This tree was apparently identified as Picea parryana in Dudley's key.

4. Pseudotsuga. Car.

Largeevergreen forest trees, with flat, indistinctly 2-ranked leaves, narrowed at baseinto short petiole;leaf-scars sessile. Cones pendent,their 3-pronged bracts much exserted;seeds prominently winged, A genus of 3 species; two in western America and one in Japan. -13-

1. Pseudotsugataxifolia Britt, DouglasFir.

Leaves 3/4 to 1-1/2" long,obtuse, dark green abo~e, paler beneath; cones oblong-ovate, 2-4" long,light reddish brown, with broadrounded scales and well exserted 3-parted bracts. The Douglas Fir is the mostimportant timber tree of western America. It often attains a heizht of 200' oreven more, and a trunkdiameter of 12'. Frequently planted in the Arboretum. Native trees are growingon thePalo Alto estate at the northend of Jasper Ridge. 5. Abies Mill. Fir .

Trees generallypyramidal in outline, with their branches in whorls. Leaves solitary, scattered along the twigs in definite spirals but often appearing 2-ranked by a twist near the base, linear, flat or slightly4-síded, sometimes narrowed at basebut not into a distinct leaf-stalk; leaf-scars sessile on the smoothtt.Jigs. Cones erect onthe branches, their scales deciduous, and bractsexserted beyond scales orconcealed by them. A genus of 24 knoqm species,which inhabit the northern or mountainous parts of the northern hemisphere. c Leaves stomatiferous and alike in color onboth surfaces. Leaves rigid,spreading from all sides, 1/3-1/2" long, closely crowded on the twigs, their much enlargedbases nearly contiguous. Leaves 1/3-1/2"long, steel green, 1/12" wide, somewhat 4-angled. 1. A. pinsapo. Leaves 1/2-2/3" long,darkgreen, 1/8" wide. 2. A. humidica. Leaves curved upwardon twigs,more or less 2-ranked9pale glaucous green9 1-2': long . 3. A. concolor o Leaves stomatiferousonly on lower surface. Leaves brightgreen onlower surface, distinctly %ranked* 4. --A. firma. Leavessilvery on lower surface with 2 broadbands of stomata. Leaves not pungently acute. Leaves ob tuse . Leavesdistinctly 2-ranked, formin3 flat sprays; twigsill-scented when bruised . 5. A. grandis. Leavesmostly curved upward; twigs not ill-scented. Cones 6" long or less; bractsprojectin,q beyond scales; leaves 2/3-1" long, brightgreen onupper surf ace. 6. A. nordmanníana. Cones 8" long;bracts concealed by scales; leaves 1-Fo l-L/ 4" long, d ark greendark on uppersurface. 7. -A. cilicica. Leaves acute. 8. A. cephalonica. Leaves pungentlyacute;bractslong-exserted. 9. A. venust a .

Leaves dark steely green on bothsurfaces, rigidly spreadin3 from all sides of thetwig, crowded, their much enlarged bases nearlycontiguous, 1/3-1/2" long, 1/12" wide,slightly keeled on both surfaces, stomatiferous on bothsurfaces, with incon- spicuousgray bands, obtuse but curved upward at tip and appearingacute; cones about 8'' long, 1-1/2 to 1-3/4" broad; scales wedge-shaped, l'* wide; bractsshort, rounded,not stalked. The Spanish Fir is a nativeof central andsouthern Spain, where it formsexten- siveforests on themountains at altitudes of 4,000-6,0009. Excellent specimens of this species are at the southeasternborder of theCactus Garden. -3.4- 2. Abies humidica De Lannoy. Algerian Fir. Leavesdark lustrous ~reenon both surfaces,rigidly spreading from all sides of twig,enlarged at base, less crowded thanin the preceding, 1/2-1/4" long, 1/8'* wide, rounded at apex, flat but keeled on bothsurfaces, stomatiferous bands incon- spicuous OR bothsurfaces; cones 10" long, dullgrayish brom; scales rounded at apex,tapering to base, 1 to 14/2" wide;bracts short, rounded. 'Idative af Mt, Babor, Algeria, where it is found viththe Mt. Atlas cedar. ft is a forest tree, often 60' high, with conpactbranches forming symmetrical pyrami- dal heads, Two trees are along the eastern border of the Cactus Garden nearAbies grandis . 3, Abiesconcolor Hoopes. White Fir,

Leavesascending or indistinctly 2-ranked, glaucous-green and stomatiferous on bothsurfaces, 1-2" long, 1/12" vide, obtuse or acutísh, faintly grooved above, keeledbelow, with 2 lateral shallow grooves; cones 6-10'' long, 1 to 1-3/4" broad; scales broader than long, rounded at apex,gradually tapering to the base; bracts half the length of scales, oblong,denticulate andnucronate at the emarginateor truncate apex; seeds 3/12-4/12't long, dark du19brown; singsrose-colored, widest near middle. the b A large forest tree, sometimes 200' or more high, with a trunk 6' indiameter, dull grayish brobm bark and short, stout, horizontal branches in remotewhorls. Native of western America, extending from southern Oregon to the high mountains OE northern Lower California and eastwardto Nel67 Mexico. A number of young trees are scattered along Llausoleum Avenue, and others are plantedelsewhere on the Campus,.

4. Abiesfirma Sieb. & Zucc. Momis Fir.

Leaves appearing 2-ranked, flat, 3/4-1-1/4" Ions, 1/12-1/8 wide, groovedand bright green above, faintly keeled and brightyellowish green beneath, inconspicu- ouslyemarginate; cones 2-3" long; scales transverselyoval or reniform, 1-1/2" wide, 3/4" long, lateral marginsdentate; bracts stalked, 2/3 as long as scales; spatulate,mucronately pointed. The Momis Fir is a Japanese species and is often cultivated in Japanesegardens' and aboutthe temples, where trees aver 100' high and 6' in diameter are to be found. One small tree is north of the CactusGarden and another is behind the Angel of Grief. 5. Abies grandis (Dougl. ) Lindl.Lovland Fir . Leavesappearing 2-ranked, forming a flat spray, 2/3 to 1-1/3" long,thin and flexible, deeply grooved and darklustrous-green above, silvery white belotq, with 2 broadbands of stomata,emarginate; cones cylindric, slightly narrowed at rounded apex, 2 to 3-1/2" long, 1 to 1-1/2'* broad; scales broaderthan long, rounded at apex, abruptly or graduallynarrowed to thestalk-like base; bracts about l/4 the length of scales, obcordate,irregularly serrate, mucronate;seeds 1/2" long,light brom; wings 1/2-3/4" long. A large forest tree, sometimes attaining a height of 250' and a diameter of 4-5' clothedwith long, downward, sveepiqbranches. The wood is ill-scented and is known among luiabermen a's StinkingFir, Native of northwestern America, rangingfrom Vancouver Islandsouthward along the lowlands of the coast to Mendocino County, California, andeastward to the Bitterroot Hountains of western Xontana and the Blue Mountains sf eastern Oregon. One tree is situated OR the western border of the CactusGarden and a number of young trees are planted elsewhere in the Arboretum. 6. Abiesnordmanniana (Steven) Spach. Caucasian Fir

Leaves curved upward, 3/4- to 1-3/4" long, 1/12" wide,obtuse, slightly grooved and darkshiny-green above, keeled, and vitla 2 broad silvery bands of stomatabelow; conesabout 8" long, 1-3/4'' broad;scales 1-1/2" wide, lateral marginslobed near theapex, serrate, taperingto a shortslender stalk; bracts 1-1/4" long,their re- curvedmucronate apex exserted beyond scales. The Caucasianor Nordrnann Fir is a native of Crimea and theCaucasus, where it inhabitsthe mountains at about 20009. It is a largeforest tree, sometimes attain- ing 150' inheight and 6? indiameter. Two handsome trees are inthe Cactus Garden and other smaller trees are planted on theUniversity grounds.

7, Abies cilicica (Ant. & Kotsch.) Carra CilicianFir.

Leaves curved upward, closelyresenbing those of thepreceding, but darker greenabove and usually longer, 1 to 1-3/4"; conesabout 10" long, l-3/4" broad; bracts not exserted. The Cilician Fir with the Cedar of Lebanonforms extensive forests in the CilicianTaurus at elevations of 4000-6000', Two large trees are nearthe center of theCactus Garden. &

Leavesspreading at rightangles from all sides of thetwig, dark shinygreen above,with 2 silvery bandsbeneath, tapering from base to the sharp-pointed apex, theirbases dilated lengthwise; cones cylindric, 5-6" long;scales rounded above. and entire, wedge-shapedtoward base;bracts projecting beyond scales, linear- oblong,unequally toothed at apex.

Native of the island of Cephalonia,Greece. One specimen is on thesouthwest 7 border of theCactus Garden,

Leaves appearing2-ranked, 1- 1-1/4" long, l/$'' wide,tapering at bothends and ending in a sharpspiny tip at apex,bright green above, grayish beneath with 2 broadbands of stonata; cones ovate, 3-4" long; bracts much exceedingthe scales. . Native of theSanta Lucia Mountains. Tree often 100-150' high,narrowed toward thetop into a spire-like head. A young tree is on theleft-hand side of thePalo Altoentrance to the Campus, another is in EncinaGarden.

7. Taxodiaceae, TaxodiumFcrnily

Widely distributedresinous trees of about 8 genera.Evergreen or deciduous; leavesspirally arranged or whorled, needle- or scale-like; ovulate flowers in terminalcones, each scale bearing 2-9 ovules;cones woody, withoutbracts; seeds with small winplike borders .

Leaves in whorls , elongated. l. Sciadopitys. Leaves spirally arranged or appearing2-ranked. Leaves persistent for more than oneseason; seeds several to a scale. Cone-scales with several sharp projections. 2 a , Cone-scaleswithout sharp points. 3. . Leavesdeciduous with the slender twigs, or sometimes persistent for a year; seeds 2 to a scale. 4 . P. Sciadopitvs. Sieb. Sr Zucc.

Evergreenpyramidal tree, withlong needlelike leaves ira whorls.Flowers monoecious;staminate with spirally arranged 2-celled anthers. Cones ovate-oblong, with broadly orbicular scales.

P. Sciadopitysverticillata Sieb. Et Zucc,Umbrella Pine.

Leaves in whorls of 15-39, 3-6" long,grooved on both surfaces, dark green above,and with white band beneath;cones 3-4" long. Thisspecies, which is theonly member of thegenus, is a native of Japan. One youngspecimen is temporarily placed in theXursery lath-house.

2. Seauoia.EndL

Tall massive forest trees with trunks usually heavily buttressed at base, cov- ered with thickfibrous bark, Leaves evergreen, linear or scale-like,decurrent on thetwigs, Flowers terminating the branchlets, monoecious; pollen-sacs several on thelower half of theconnective, Cones maturingthe first year, with spirally arranged,peltate scales. Seedsseveral to each scale, reddish brown. Once a genusof several species widely distributed over North America, Europe, .i and Asia but now reduced to two and restricted to the Coast Rangesand the Sierra Nevada of California. , Leaves of 2 kinds,ordinarily flat, linear and2-ranked9 but on leading shoots often scale-like and spreadin2from all sides of the branchlets. 1. 2. sempervirens. Leaves all scale-like and scatteredon all sides of the branchlets. 2. -S. gígantea.

1, Sequoiasempervirens Endl. Redwood.

Leavesdistichously spreading, about 3/4" long,or those onleading shoots smaller andscale-like; cone oblon-., 314-1'' long. Tall, magnificent,forest trees often 200-300' high. The tallest tree authen- tically measured is 340'. Yative sf the fog belt of theCalifornia Coast Ranges, extending from southwestern Oregon to the Santa Lucia Usuntains in MontereyCounty, andinland not more than 20-30 miles. Frequentlyplanted on the University grounds butenduring badly in thedry soil. Native trees are on the estate along SanFran- cisquitoCreek. A notableindividual ís the "Palo Alto" at therailway bridge be- tween Palo Alto and Xenlo Park,

2. Sequoiaqigantea Decne. GiantSequoia.

Leaves scale-like,arising from all sides of thebranchlets, 11/8-1/4" long, glaucous-green;cone ovate-oblong, 2 to 3-1/2" long. The Giant Sequoia is thelargest andprobably the oldest of trees. It ís 200'- 325' highand attains a diameter of 30'. Native of the western slopes of theSierra Nevada,where it usuallyoccurs in small isolatedgroves, but it forms rather exten- siveforests in the basins of theTulare, Kings, and Kaweah Rivers. Frequently plantedon the university grounds, and apparently better adapted to our local climate and soil than the Redwood. 3. Cryptomeria. D, Dor,. Pyramidal tree withreddish brotrnbark. Leaves linear-subulate,arising from all sides of thetwigs, decurrent. Flowers small, monoecious, staminate onesoblong, pistillateones globose. Cones globose,with thick, wedge-shaped scales furnished -17- with a recurved projection on theback andpointed lobes at the apex. A monotypicJapanese genus.

P. CrvFtomeriajaponica D. Doc. JapaneseCedar.

Leavescompressed, somewhat incurved, 1/2-1" long;cones reddish brown. A handsome evergreen tree extensively planted in Japan, especially about temples. A few trees areplanted on the Universitygrounds, but it doesnot thrive in ourdry soil. An excellent specimen is at 9 Lasuen Street.

la. Cryptomeriajaponica var. elegans Plast.

Low dense tree or shrub, with-horizontal branches andpendulous branchlets; leaveslinear, flattened, soft, brizhtgreen changing to bronze in winter. A garden form. Good specimens are on thegrounds of theStanford Residence, and In front of tbe ChemistryBuilding,

4. Taxodium Rich,

Tall, deciduous or evergreen trees with cinnamon brolm, flaky bark.Leaves linear, 2-ranked, falling off in the autumn or the secondyear with the short slender lateral ttrigs; flowersmonoecious, the staminate with 4-5 pollen-sacsto each anther,the pistillate solitary or in pairs at theends of the branchlets of l' the previousyear; cones globose or nearly so, maturing the first year, their scales spirallyarran$ed, thickened at apexand mucronate; seeds 2 toeach scale, triangu- lar, winged . t Leavesdeciduous; flos;lers appearing in thespring. b. r. distichum. Leavespersistent; flowers appearing in the autumn. 2. -T. mucronatum, r 1. Taxodium distichumZich,, Bald Cypress.

Leaves deciduous in the autumn, narrowlylinear, light green, 1/2-3/4" long; staminateflowers purplish, in panicles 4-5" long;cones l" long,without mucros at maturity. Tall tree becoming 159' high, with a buttressedtrunk, sometiaes 12' indiameter. Nativeof th3 southeastern Unite5 States. A handsome spechen of this -wryorna- mental tree is nearthe Angel of Grief,andanother young tree is at 23 Salvatierra Street.

2. Taxodium rnucronatum Tenore.Mexican Bald Cypress.

Siailar to the last but leaves persistent through the winter;flowers appearing in the autumn instead of thespring; pollen-sacs 7-9 instead of 4-5. Nativeof eastern and southernPlexico. Several notably large trees are known; one of these,the Cypress ofYontezuma, was a noted tree four centuries ago. A young specimen that is '6.rithstandinqour vlnters badly is in Professor Durand's gar- den. This specimenhas nov passed througk threewinters, 3nd althoughthe tips af the young shootshave been killed by frost, the leaves have retained their persis- tent character.

8, Cupressaceae,Cypress Family.

Resinous trees and shrubs of about 15 genera. Leaves oDposite or whorled, usuallyscale-like and decurrent,rarely linear; stamens with shortfilaments and several pollen-sacs; cones woody or hathery or sometimes berry-like with l-many erect ovules at base of scales. r-I______.L , ,.x *z ._*-p -= ~ ~ j. ~_"_-~.. ~ _-.--ir . --*i--u-,-~ .. , ______-__ _. __ - ~ .- i ~.- _. k

- i8- Cones woody. Scales f lat or wedge-shaped, imbricate. Seeds 4-5 to eachscale; branchlets frond-like; leaves with broad scales. 1. Seedsusually 2 (1-3) to each scale; Leqves appearingin whorls of 4, f lat. 2. Libocedrus. Leaves decussately opposite. 3. Thuja. Scales peltate Cones maturingthe second year; seeds many to eachscale. 4. =pressus Cones maturingthe first year; seeds few to eachscale. 5. Chamsecyparis Cones becoming fleshy andlikeo berry- 6. Juniperis.

1. ThujopsisSieb. & Zucc.

Evergreenforest tree with a pyramidalhead. Leaves decussately opposite, con- vexabove and somewhat sac-like.Flowers monoecious, solitary and terminal;stamin- ate CylCndric;cone subglobose, with 8-10 wedge-shaped scales; seeds 5 toeach scale, compressed. A monotypicJapanese genus.

1. Thujopsisdolabrata Sieb. & Zucc. Hatchet-leavedArborvitae.

d Leaves glossy greenabove, silvery white beneath, rounded at apex, the upper and lowerappressed, the lateral spreading, hatchet-shaped; cones 1/2" long;scales

reflexed at apex. t A native ofcanyons and moistsfopes of Japan. TWO young treesare at 9 Lasuen Street

2. Libocedrus End 1.

Evergreenaromatic trees, with fibrousbark and flattenedspray-like branchlets Leaves scale-like,imbricate in 4 rows. Flowersmonoecious; staminate with 12-16 stamens;pollen-sacs 4. Cones oblong,with 6 scales,the lower pair much rédu-ced, onlythe middle pair fertile; seeds 2 to eachscale, winged.

A genus of about 8 species; one ís a California species, theothers are in c westernSouth America, New Zealtnd, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Formosaand south- western China.

Leavesyellowish green, appearing in whorls of 4, thelateral nearly covering theobscurely pitted inner ones; cones 4/5" long,about 1/3'1 thick;scales with a short recurved mucro. Tree sometimes 150'high, with an irregularly lobed trunk tapering from a broad base, and a reddish brown, fibrousbark. Native of theSierra Nevada, and theInner CoastRanges, extending from southern Oregon to northern Lower California. The row of trees backof theEngineering Buildings is of thisspecies. Other trees are plantedelsewhere on theUniversity grounds.

3. Thuja L. Arborvitae.

Evergreentrees with thinscaly bark and decussatescale-like leaves. Flowers monoecious; staminateovoid, with 4-6 pollen-sacs. Cones ovoid-oblong, erect or drooping,maturing in oneseason; scales 8-12, themiddle 2 or 3 pairs fertile. Four species are recognizedin this genus, two in NorthAmerica.-and two in Asia

Cones pendulous;scales thin, with a minute mucro. 1. T. plicata. Cones erect;scales angled on theback, with a stout, recurved,dorsal %ook. 2. T. orientalis -~ "4 . w-3.. -, - - i--\ -x ~ 1 u- L-:-"- -I - -._."S_ -li---_ . _,_--_- , . __ ------__ - -.~ __ .~ _i

- 19-

1. Thuja plicata Don. 'Western Red Cedar.

Leaves bright green and glossyabove, dark green beneath, with whitish triangu- larmarkings; cones cylindric-ovoid, scarcely over 112" long;scales 8-10, ellíptic- oblong,usually the 3 middlepairs fertile; seeds compressed,notched atthe apex, with 2 narrowwings. A large forest tree 200' high with short horizontal branches often with pendu- loustips. Native of northwesternAmerica, extending from Alaska to northern California.- A specimen ís in the eastern part of EncinaGarden and another is near Mausoleum Avenue.

2. Thuja arientalis L. OrientalArborvitae.

Leaves acute,bright green, with a smalldorsal gland; cones erect, globose- ovate, 3/4" long;scales usually Q, oval;angled on theback and with a dorsalhorn- likeprocess, the uppermost pair sterile; seeds wingless. Pyramidal trees 25' high or bushy.Native of Persia and extending to eastern Asia. There are many garden forms of thisextensively cultivated species. Abund- antly planted on theUniversity grounds.

4. L. Cypress. b Evergreen trees orrarely shrubs. Leaves decussatelyopposite, appressed, small,scale-like- Flolqersmonoecious, very small, terminating short branchlets. Cones globose or nearly so, consisting of 3-7 pairs of peltate woody scales,each bearing many seeds,maturing the second year.

Bxanchlets terete or quadrangular, not forming flat sprays. Leaves glandless or withan obscure dorsal gland. Branchletserect or spreading, the ultimaterather short and stout. Ultimatebranchlets terete or nearly so; cones usually 1-114'' longor more. 1. C. sempervirens. Ultimatebranchlets 4-sided; cones globose, 1" or less broad. Staminatecones subglobose, with 2 lateralanthers in each row; seeds du ll grayishdull or blackish brown. 2. C. macrocarpa. Staminatecones oblong-ovoid, with 3 anthers to each row; seedsxeddish br own. 3. c. goveniana. Branchletsusually pendulous, the ultimateterete, slender, elongated; cones . g lobose, 1/2" broad. 1/2" globose, 4. C. torulosa. Leavesconspicuously glandular and veryfragrant. 5. C. macnabiana. Branchletsflattened, forming frond-like sprays on longpendulous bFanches. 6. C. funebris.

1. Cupressussempervirens L. ItalianCypress.

Tree attaining $O', the typical form with erect branchesforming a narrow columnarhead; leaves closely appressed, ovate, glandless or withinconspicuous darkpits; staminate flowers cylindric, with 4 lateralanthers in each row; cones oblong or subglobose, 1-1/4" longor more, glossy;seeds nearly 1/4" long, reddish brown, with light-colored hi lum. The columnarform is theclassical Cypress of the Greeksand Romans, and is much cultivatedin southern Europe. It is thetype of thespecies, but is not nov known inthe wild state. Comrr,only planted on theUniversity grounds.

la. CupreSSuS sempervirensvar. horizontalis Gord.

Brancheshorizontal, forming a..broad pyramidal head, otherwise likethe typical f orm. Thisform is also cornon on the Campus. ._- . .. ~__i

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2. Cupressusmacrocarpa Hartw. Nonterey Cypress.

Branchletsshort and stout,arising from all 4 sides of the twkg; leavesdark green,glandless or glands marked by a dark pit;rhombic-ovate, acutfsh; staminizte flowerssubglobose, with 2 lateralanthers in each row; conesglobose to oblong, 3/4 to 1-1/2"long; scales 8-12, with a shortobtuse umbo; seedssharply angled, 3/16" long, chestnut brown, with a conspicuouslight-colored hilum. Tree attaining 40' oroccasionally 70', broadlyoval in outline, with spread- íngbranches ox, especiallyin its nativehabitat, with horizontal branches forming a broadflaG-topped head* The NontereyCypress, which is the mostabundantly plsnted tree on theUniversity grounds, is restricted in its wildstate to two small grovesoccupying the two promontories, Bint Lobos and Cypress Point,that mark the boundary of Carmel Bay.

3. Cupwessus goveniana Gord.

Branchletsarising Erom all 4 sides of the twigs, quadrangular;leaves ovate, acute,glandless or withan inconspicuous dark pit; staminate flowers oblong, with 3 lateral anthers; conessubglobose or oblong, 1/2-3/4" broad;seeds reddish brown with hilum of similar color. Tree attaining 50', with slender, spreading or erect branches, forming a broad.,, open OF pyramidalhead. Native of thecoastal region of northern and central California. Two treesare on either side of thefirst cross-street between the Library and CheGymnasium.

4. Cupressustorultosa DO~. Himalayan Cypress.

Ultimatebranchlets usually arising fromonly 2 sides of thetwig, terete, ,

slender;leaves ovate, acute, bluish green; staminate flowers cylindric, with 3-4 . lateral anthers in each row;cones globose, 1/2" broad;scales 8-10 with a small sharp umbo; seeds light brown, glossy,flattened and broadlywinged. Tallslender tree attsining EO', withshort horizontal branches and slender pendulousbranchlets. Native of the HimalayaHountains. Several trees are arotlnd c theCactus Garden.

5. Cupressus macnabiana Murr. MacNab Cypress e

Leaves ovate,obtuse, thickened at apex,conspicuously glandular and very frsg- rant;staminate flowers very small, globose, with 1-2 lateralantheks in each row; conessubglobose, 1/2-3/4" broad; scales usually 6, with a prominentconical umbo; seeds reddish brown, with a broadlight-colored hilum. Low spreadingtree or shrub,or sometimes forming a pyramidaltree 20' high or more. Native of northernCalifornia, extending from Lake County to thevicinity of Mount §hasta, and also in LassenCounty. Severaltrees are between theLibrary and University Avenue. Flowersare produced abundantly almost the year round.

6. Cupressusfunebris Endl. Funeral Cyprcsso

Branchlets somewhat flattened;leaves deltoid-ovate, light green; cones short- peduncled,globose, 1/3" broad;scales 8, with a short mucro. Treeoften 60', withwidespreading branches curved upwardand bearinglong, slender,pendulous branchlets. Nativt., of China. Several trees arenear the Cactus Gardenand others are on the west side of University Avenue nearthe center of the Arboretum. . -21- 5. ChamaecyparisSpach. False Cypress.

Evergreen trees with flattened branchlets densely clothed with opposite scale- likeleaves in 4 rows.Flowers monoecious on separatebranchlets; Staminate oblong, pistillate subglobose. Cones globose,maturing the first year; scales abruptly dilated and flattened at apex,with short prominentpoints; seeds 1-5 to each scale,slightly compressed. Sixspecies are known.They areconfined to theAtlantic and Pacific Coast regions of NorthAmerica and to Japanand Formosa.

1. Chamaecyparislawsoniana Parl. Lawson Cypress.

Leaves closelyappressed to theflattened frond-like branchlets, bright green and with a gland on the back, paler beneath with whieishmarkings; staminate flowers red;cone about 113" broad,red brown. Tree sometimes 200' highwith horizontal, spreading, and usuallypendulous branches.Native of thecoastal region of Oregonand northernCalifornia. A variablespecies with over 60 garden forms. Young trees arealong Alvarado Row, othersare ira the Arboretumbut they endure our dry seasonbadly. A handsome speci- men is in the lawn at the StanfordResidence and another is at 9 Lasuen Street.

6- Juniperus L. o

Evergreen trees withopposite or ternate,scale-like or needle-shapedleaves. Flowersare dioecious or monoecious,minute; staminate ones oblong-ovate; anthers with 4-8 pollen-sacs. Cones globose or oblong,with 2-3 series offleshy coalesce.nt scales,berry-like, maturing the second year. Seedsl-several, ovate, terete or r angled. A genusof about 30 specieswidely scattered over the northern hemisphere from , the Arctic Circle to the mountains of the subtropical regions.

Flowersmonoecious, axillary; leaves jointed at base, spreading and needle-shaped. 1. -J. communis. Fht~ersdioecious, terminal; leaves not jointedat base, often scale-like. Leaves allalike, in threes, slightly Spreading; prostrate shrub. 2. J. recurvavar. --squzmata. Leaves often of 2 kinds,those on vigorousshoots in thzees, acicular, those on . foliagebranches in twos, minute and scale-like. Trees; fruit erect. 3. J. virginiana. LOW shrub with procumbentbranches; fruít pendulous Õn recurved peduncles. 4. -J. sabina 1. Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper.

Leaves widelyspreading, jointed at base,narrowly linear- lanceolate, sharp- pointed, 1/2" longor less, concaveand with a broadwhite band above; fruit sub- sessile,dark blue and glaucous, 1/4-1/3" broad. A small tree or erectshrub. Widely scattered over the northern hemisphere. variablespecies with many geographicalvarieties and garden forms. One specimen in west of the Cactus Garden.

la.Juniperus communis var.hemispherica Parl.

A low denseshrub; leaves 11311 long or less, stouter and stifferthan those of the typical form A geographical variety found in the mountains of southernEurope and northern Africa+ One bush on the west side of theCactus Garden nearthe typical form. -22-

lb.Juniperus communis var.oblonga Loud.

Erectshrub with widely spreading branches and pendulousbranchlets; leaves stronglyconcave, the longest 3/4" long. A geographicalvariety,native of Transcaucasia. One specimen is west of the Cactus Garden.

. 2. Juniperusrecurva Buch.-Ham. var. squamataPasl.

Leaves in threes,straight, slightly spreading, linear-lanceolate, l/," long, sharp-pointed;fruit 1/3" broad,l-seeded. Prostrate shrub withlong trailing branches. Native of the Himalaya Moutztains. One specimen is on thesouthwest border of theCactus Garden.

3. Juniperusvirginiztna L. Red Cedar.

Leaves of leadingshoots acicular, in threes,those of thefoliage branches in twos,small and scale-like,acute or acuti&;fruit erect on shortpeduncles, globose or ovoid, 1/3" broad,l-seeded. Tree with a mixímum height of about10Q1, with spreading branches and often pendulousbranchlets. A variablespecies with many gardenforms. Native of eastern; NorthAmerica. One treewith wide,spreading branches and pendulousbranchlets is east of theCactus Garden, and another smaller and more compact specimen is west of the CactusGarden, near 2. communis.

4. Juniperussabina L.

Leaves of leadingshoots oEten in threes and acicular,those of ther'foliage branchesscale-like, in twos, obtusish;fruit pendulous, on elongatedcurved peduncles,globose, l-3-seeded. A variablespecies with many gardenforms. Native of easternNorth America, Europe, and Asia.There are several staminate specimens along the border of the CactusGarden.