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Indigenous Plants in Traditional Healthcare System in Kedarnath Valley of Western Himalaya

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Indigenous Plants in Traditional Healthcare System in Kedarnath Valley of Western Himalaya Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 7(2), April 2008, pp. 300-310 Indigenous plants in traditional healthcare system in Kedarnath valley of western Himalaya VP Bhatti * & DP Vashishtha/ 'Department of Botany, Government PG College Gopeshwar, Chamoli, Uttarakhand 2Department of Botany, HNB Garhwal University, Sri nagar,Uttarakhand E-mail: [email protected];[email protected] Received 13 January 2006; revised 30 July 2007 The study deals with the indigenous plants used in traditional healthcare in Kedamath valley of Uttarakhand in western Himalaya. A total 130 plant species belonging to 94 genera and 62 families have been identified. Of these, 21 species are trees, 19 species are shrubs and 90 species are herbs. These species diversity are described for their distribution, utilisation pattern, and indigenous uses. The roots, rhizomes, bulbs, stems, tubers, leaves, barks, fruits and seeds are used for treatment of different ailments. The plants are rare (30 sp), endangered (15 sp), and vulnerable (3 sp) and common (82). As per their population structure, several anthropogenic and natural causes are analysed for their threatened status. The study is a first attempt to study the medicinal plants of the Kedamath valley area. Documentation of traditional knowledge on the ethnomedicinal use of these plants was studied. Keywords: Kedarnath valley, Ethnomedicine, Traditional healthcare, Plant conservation 8 IPC Int. C1. : A61K36/00, A61PII02, A61PII08, A61PlIIO, A61Pl116, A61P5/00, A61P9/14, A61P17/00, A61P17/02, A61P19/00, A61P29/00, A61P31/00, The Indian Himalaya presents a spectrum of identify threatened status and suggest the future action biological and cultural diversity. It supports 18,440 plan for safeguard of plants species. The study will be plant species, of which 25.3% are endemic to useful for conservation of the traditional herbal Himalaya'<. The rich plant diversity of the Himalaya knowledge as well as to formulate their sustainable is utili sed by the native communities in various forms utilisation. of medicine. So far, 1,748 species of medicinal plants and 675 of wild edible species have been reported Methodology from the Himalaya':". The Kedarnath valley is Extensive survey was carried during 2003-2004 to located between 30°21' to 31°16' latitude and 78°59' gather the information on species .occurrence, local to 79°56' longitude in the northern part of western names, altitude range, life form and their uses Local Himalayan district of Rudraprayag, Garhwal knowledgeable persons and vaidyas (Vimla Devi (Figs 1,2). The valley is inhabited by 350 villages of Semwal of Benoli village, Asharam Goswarni of Garhwali, a local community with about 1,40,000 Jakhnyal village, Goverdhan Prasad Semwal of population. The region is inaccessible and mostly Mansoona village, Jabar Singh of Narayankoti, remains cut off from rest of the country during off Rukmani Devi Rawat of Dangwari village, season. The inhabitant use local plant resources as Sureshanand Thapliyal of Thala village) were medicine, food, fodder, fuel, house building, timber consulted for information on indigenous uses of and for various other purposes. The studies, carried various local plants. Frequent (6) field trips were out so far, pertain to the inventory of the plant made during different seasons covering various resources. However, resource utilization pattern and localities (Makkumath, Parkandi, Mansoona, Ransi- population analysis of plants is yet to be studiedi". gondar, Ukhimath,Kimana, Pathali, Daira, Tala, Use of plants in folk medicine of this region is not Kotma, Kalimath, Basukedar, Kausalpur, Namoli, fully known and documented. Therefore, an attempt Lamgondi, Jola, Pathalidhar, Devshal, Kothara, was made to prepare a comprehensive inventory of Narayankoti, Hyun, Byung, Rabigaon, medicinal plants, document their indigenous uses, Triyuginarayan, Mayali, Dangi-Bhardar, Benoli, Kailash-Bangar, Jakhnyal, Bawai, Bhattgaoun, *Corresponding author Tamariya,Jalai,Kandara, Bhanaj, Akhori, etc. \ \ BHA IT & V ASHISHTHA: TRADITIONAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN KEDARNATH VALLEY 301 villages) of the study area. A tentative list of Results and discussion medicinally important local plants, their habit, habitat, The study enumerates 130 plant species (trees 21 medicinal uses, threatened status were recorded by species, shrubs 19 species and herbs 90 species) of consulting herbarium, regional floras and field plants belonging to 62 families; 94 genera are observations. identified, which have been used traditionally for The identification of specimens was done with the various ailments by local inhabitants (Table 1). help of regional floras and specimens that are housed Among the collected species, 7 species is distributed in Herbarium of HNBGarhwal University, Srinagar in the subtropical area (500-1,000 m) followed by 52 6 8 13 species in sub-temperate area (1,100-2,000 rn), 35 Garhwal, Uttarakhand • - • The collected plants were species in temperate zone (2,100-3,000 m) and 36 arranged in alphabetical order under trees, shrubs and species in alpine zone (> 3,000m). The maximum herbs heads and classified (Figs 3-12). The threatened native species are distributed in sub-temperate area status has been enumerated as rare, vulnerable, (1,100-2,000 m) followed by alpine zone (> 3,000 m), endangered and common following the criteria temperate zone (2,100-3,000 m) and subtropical area formulated by IUCN. (500-1,000 m), respectively. Tablel - Plants in traditional healthcare system in Kedarnath valley area of Uttarakhand Plant name Local Family Diseases cured Plant partes) Method of administration (Garhwali) used name Trees Abies pindrow Royle Raga/Jhilla Pinaceae Rheumatism, ulcers, Resin, bark Syrup with honey is given cough extract orally/bark paste on skin. A. spectabilis (D. Morinda Pinaceae Fever, asthma, Leaves, Syrup with honey and boiled Don) Mirbel bronchitis, cough bark extract water is given orally. Aegle marmelos (L.) Bel Rutaceae Diarrhoea, digestive Leaf and fruit Decoction is given orally. Correa disorder Betula utilis D. Don Bhojpatra Betulaceae Bums, cuts, Bark, resin Paste is applied on skinlliquid (Roxb.) Loud. contraceptive, jaundice, of resin is prepared for ear ear complaints, hysteria, drop. wounds Cedrus deodara Deodar Pinaceae Bowel complaints, piles, Bark Decoction is given orally; barks lambago, rheumatic paste is applied on skin for pain, arthritis, urticaria rheumatic pain. Emblica officinalis Aonla Euphorbiaceae Stomach problem Fruit extract Oral Gaertn. Ficus aurculata Lour Timla Moraceae visceral obstructions, Fruit, bark, Oral bladder complaints and leaves Ficus semicordata Khaina Moraceae Leprosy, visceral Fruit, bark, Oral/leaves and fibre water Buch.-Ham. ex obstructions, bladder and leaves bath. J.E.Smith complaints Ficus palmata Forsk Bedu Moraceae Visceral obstructions, Fruit, bark, Oral bladder complaints, and leaves Leprosy Juglans regia Linn. Akhor Juglandaceae Eczema, syphilis and Leaves and Paste of outer rind of fruit is rheumatism fruit used on skin. Litsea glutinosa Singrau/ Lauraceae Bone fracture Wood and Paste applied on skin (Lour.) Robinson Maida-lakri bark Myrica esculenta Kaphal Myricaceae Headache, tonic Leaf, fruit Fruit juice taken is orally; paste Buch. -Ham. Ex. is applied externally on skin. D.Don. Pinus wallichiana Kail Pinaceae Abscess, dislocation of Resin, bark Paste is applied on skin; Jacks. joints, unconsciousness, and leaves decoction is taken orally. ulcer Prunus cerasoides Panya Rosaceae Psychomedicine, body Bark and leaf Paste is applied on skin D.Don. swelling and contusions paste Contd- 302 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL 7, No.2, APRIL 2008 Tablel - Plants in traditional healthcare system in Kedarnath valley area of Uttarakhand - Contd Plant name Local Family Diseases cured Plant partes) Method of administration (Garhwali) used name Quercus Banj Fagaceae Gonorrhoea, digestive Bark, leaves, Decoction and syrup is taken leucotrichophora disorder gum orally. A. Camus Rhododendron Burans Ericaceae rheumatism, dysentery, Leaves, flower Decoction or juice is taken arboreum Smith wounds, tonic, fever orally/ paste is applied on skin. Spondias pinnata Amra Anacardiaceae Stomach and ear Fruit, bark Juice orally/extract in liquid (L.f.) Kerz. problem gum, leaf form used as ear drop. Svzygium cumin (L.) lamun Myrtaceae Diabetes Bark, fruits, Oral Skeels kernel Taxus baccata Linn. Thuner Taxaceae Sedative, cancer, Leaf, fruits Decoction taken orally/ bark asthma, antiseptic, and bark and wood paste on skin fractured bones Terminalia bellirica Bahera Combretaceae Stomach problem Fruit Decoction orally (Gaertn.) Roxb. T. chebula Retz Hera Combretaceae Stomach problem Fruit Decoction orally Shrubs Adhatoda vasica Nees Basinga Acanthaceae Whooping cough, Skin Leaf, flowers, Infusion or juice is taken orally. diseases, Headache, root Dysentery, fever, pulmonary affection Asparagus lhimi Liliaceae Sexual debility & tuberous root, Decoction or powder form is adscendens Buch.- urinogenital disorders, fruit taken orally. Ham. ex Roxb. diabetes, dysentery, dysuria A..racemosus Willd Jhirni Liliaceae Aphrodisiac, antiseptic, Root Decoction taken orally. refrigerant, urinogenital disorder or abortifacient Berberis chitria KingoreiChotar Berberidaceae Jaundice, eye ailments, Fruit, bark and Boiled wood water is used as Edwards ophthalmia root eye drop/fruit, decoction of root is taken orally. B. lyceum Royle. KirmoriRasaut Berberidaceae Diabetes/Skin disease, roots, stem and Boiled wood water is used
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