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CHPM D1.2 App3 Report on data availability CHPM2030 Deliverable D1.2 Version: December 2016 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement nº 654100. CHPM2030 DELIVERABLE D 1.2 REPORT ON DATA AVAILABILITY Summary: This report aims to provide a brief overview of four major ore districts in Europe, namely in SW England, southern Portugal, NW Romania and central and northern Sweden. It is completed with a survey of existing boreholes in the European countries, where temperatures at depth in access of 100oC are observed. The report includes descriptions of the geological settings, and on-going efforts in geophysics in seeing deeper and increasing resolution for detecting mineralized zones at depth, as well as attempting to estimate their geothermal potential. Authors: Gerhard Schwarz, geophysicist, Magnus Ripa, geologist, Bo Thunholm, hydrogeologist (Geological Survey of Sweden) Richard A Shaw, economic geologist, Keith Bateman, geochemist, Eimear Deady, economic geologist, Paul Lusty, economic geologist (British Geological Survey) Elsa Cristina Ramalho, geological engineer, João Xavier Matos, economic geologist, João Gameira Carvalho, geophysicist (Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia) Diana Perșa, researcher, Ștefan Marincea, senior researcher, Albert Baltreș, senior researcher, Constantin Costea, senior researcher, Delia Dumitraș, senior researcher, Gabriel Preda, GIS editor Vanja Bisevac, geologist, Isabel Fernandez, geologist (European Federation of Geologists, Geologist) This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement nº 654100. CHPM2030 DELIVERABLE 1.2 Table of contents Extended summary ....................................................................................................................... 4 0 Preface ................................................................................................................................. 5 1 Introduction and outline of work............................................................................................. 6 1.1 Country specific issues .................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Goals ............................................................................................................................. 6 2 Previous research and available data ....................................................................................... 7 2.1 Geology and geophysics, including drilling ........................................................................ 8 2.2 Geometry and composition of ore deposits ...................................................................... 8 2.3 Structural evolution, deep-seated faults and fracture zones, their alignment ...................... 9 2.4 Hydraulic properties, deep fluid flow ............................................................................... 9 2.5 Fluid composition, brines, meteoric waters .................................................................... 12 2.6 Thermal properties and heat flow.................................................................................. 14 2.7 Current metallogenic models (2D- and 3D-) .................................................................... 15 3 Identifying target sites for future CHPM................................................................................. 16 3.1 Extending existing models to greater depth, integrating data down to 7 km ..................... 16 3.2 Knowledge gaps and limitations..................................................................................... 16 4 Discussion and concluding remarks ....................................................................................... 18 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 18 References ................................................................................................................................. 18 Other sources / Web links ............................................................................................................ 18 2/18 CHPM2030 DELIVERABLE 1.2 List of Figures Figure 1. Major ore deposits of Europe (after Weihed 2015), with the mining areas and their available data described in tasks 1.2.1 to 1.2.4 indicated (see appendices 1.2.1 to 1.2.4), i.e., in the Southwest of England, Southern Portugal, Northwestern Romania and Central and Northern Sweden .................... 7 Figure 2. Main ore deposits of Europe, with their major ore content and size (class A, B, C) indicated, according to the ProMine database (after Cassard et al. 2015). ........................................................ 9 Figure 3. Temperature distribution at 1000 m depth in Europe (Schellschmidt and Hurter 2002) ...... 13 Figure 4. Generalised heat flow density map of Europe, based on the Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe (after Hurter and Haenel 2002) ......................................................................................... 14 List of Tables Table 1. Summarizing data about some of the ore districts of Europe that are the base for the present report......................................................................................................................................... 10 Table 2. Summary of boreholes drilled in some of the European countries where temperature is above 100oC and mineralisations were identified (see even Appendix D1.5). ............................................. 11 List of Appendices: Availability of Data A1.2.1: Report on data availability: South West England A1.2.2: Report on data availability: Portugal, Iberian Pyrite Belt A1.2.3: Report on data availability: Romania A1.2.4: Report on data availability: Sweden A1.2.5: Report on data availability of drill holes: Europe integrated 3/18 CHPM2030 DELIVERABLE 1.2 Extended summary This report is a condensed compilation and evaluation of five reports on available data for the development of orebody enhanced geothermal systems, i.e., the CHPM technology at upper crustal depths in suitable ore districts of Europe. It will serve as a basis for research on a new type of facility for Combined Heat, Power and Metal extraction (CHPM). The five reports, written by individual working groups from the United Kingdom (UK), Portugal, Romania, Sweden and the European Federation of Geologists (EFG) are attached here in original form as appendices 1.2.1 to 1.2.5. They mainly comprise geological, geophysical and geochemical data on and descriptions of mineralized areas in these countries. The EFG report presents a European inventory of drill holes with temperatures in excess of 100°C, availability of data for these holes, and any metal enrichments having been encountered at depth. The target areas in the specified countries belong to three large metallogenic provinces in Europe: the Precambrian Fennoscandian Shield province, as for Sweden; the late Paleozoic Variscan province, as for SW England and southern Portugal; and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Alpine province, as for NW Romania. In these provinces prospective zones suitable for the CHPM technology should be evaluated. Much is already known about the geology, mineralisation, fluids and the geothermal potential of the ore districts, discussed in this report. However, the knowledge often is restricted to the upper 1 000 m of the crust or less. Locally, where deep drilling has been performed, the conditions may be evaluated to greater depths. The availability of data has significant implications regarding the accuracy of modelled conditions in an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) at greater depths. Therefore, the structural information and the knowledge of the physical state of the upper crust need to be enlarged considerably in order to meet the goals of the CHPM project. 4/18 CHPM2030 DELIVERABLE 1.2 0 Preface This report describes what is already known about the geology, mineralisation, fluids and the geothermal potential of the areas of interest. It is one of the first deliverables of the CHPM2030 project - an EC-funded Horizon2020 project which aims to develop a novel and potentially disruptive technology that can help satisfy European needs for energy and critical metals in a single interlinked process. Working at the frontiers of geothermal resources development, minerals extraction and electro-metallurgy, the project aims to convert ultra-deep metallic mineralisations into orebody- enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). It will serve as a basis for the development of a new type of facility for Combined Heat, Power and Metal extraction (CHPM). The project will help providing new impetus to geothermal development in Europe by investigating previously unexplored pathways at low-TRL. This will be achieved by developing a roadmap in support of the pilot implementation of such system before 2025, and the full-scale commercial implementation before 2030. It will include detailed specifications of this new type of future EGS facility (CHPM). In the technology envisioned, the metal-bearing geological formation will be manipulated in a way that the co-production of thermal energy and metals will be possible. Four geographical areas have been chosen for assessment based on pre-existing data and potential for CHPM development in mineralised areas in the United Kingdom (UK), Portugal, Romania and Sweden. This report summarises information
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