Blue Line Magazine 1 MAY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 2 MAY 2005 May 2005 Volume 17 Number 5 Publisher’s Commentary 5 It’s time to think about police funding Blue Line Magazine 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East Ste 254 Proud of our past... Prepared for the future 6 Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Canada The evolution of community service 10 Ph: 905 640-3048 Fax: 905 640-7547 London’s family consultant/victim services unit Web: www.blueline.ca eMail: [email protected] — Publisher — Fighting elder abuse-Project S.E.N.I.O.R 11 Morley S. Lymburner eMail: [email protected] Up close with counter-terrorism 12 — General Manager — Law enforcement leaders learn about security Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. eMail: [email protected] DISPATCHES 14 — Editor — Mark Reesor DEEP BLUE 15 eMail: [email protected] Working together not always better — News Editor — Ryan Siegmund E-learning technology 16 eMail: [email protected] Police training within budget — Advertising — Mary Lymburner The pistol reload illustrated 18 Requirements for would-be London Police Dean Clarke officers were simple in 1855, the year the Bob Murray Kathryn Lymburner CASE LAW 20 Southwestern Ontario force was formed. eMail: [email protected] • Detaining and searching fleeing passenger Officers needed to be strong, tough, fair- minded men who didn’t mind being on duty — Pre-press Production — Del Wall Properly packaging the news 22 24/7 to keep law and order in the then frontier Well written releases, fact sheets,backgrounders town on the forks of the Thames River. — Contributing Editors — Training was strictly ‘learning by doing’ – the Communication Skills Mark Giles BOOK REVIEW 23 force didn’t even publish an officer instruction Police Management James Clark manual until 1867; two years later pay Tactical Firearms Dave Brown Canadian evidence law in a nutshell Technology Tom Rataj increased to $1 a day! Things have changed Psychology Dorothy Cotton Lenses - sex trade and the law 24 dramatically since the days when officers were Case Law Mike Novakowski Unintended outcomes of decriminalization ‘hired by the pound;’ the London Police Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, by Service has developed into a respected, modern Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: law enforcement service. Cst. Jeff Arbing 12A - 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, Making your opinion matter in court 26 Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1. Officers can become qualified as ‘drug experts’ looks back at its 150 year history, Lisa Heslop Individual magazines are $5.00 each. Subscriptions are $25.00 per profiles the service’s innovative Family year or $40.00 for 2 years. (Foreign - $50.00 U.S.) Group and bulk rates Consultant/Victim Services Unit, the first of CORRESPONDENCE 27 available upon request. its kind in Canada and Brian Young tells us All material submitted for publication becomes the property of Blue Line how Project S.E.N.I.O.R. fights elder abuse. Magazine unless other arrangements have been made with the publisher Ontario police officers awards for bravery 28 prior to publishing. Ontario police leaders recently visited The authors, advisors and Publisher accept no liability whatsoever for any injuries to persons or property resulting from the application or adoption Israel to get a first-hand look at how police of any of the procedures, tactics or considerations presented in this Arming the bobbies 29 deal with terrorist and security threats. As Paul magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised that articles presented London Metropolitan Police firearms policy herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and should not Shindman explains, they learned a lot on their be used for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is received from a supervisor, Crown Attorney or other person in authority. six-day visit. Established in 1988, Blue Line Magazine is an independent publication Nfld/Labrador remembers slain comrades 30 A new police training initiative, the designed to inform, entertain, educate and upgrade the skills of those involved in the law enforcement profession. It has no direct control from a Canadian Police Knowledge Network law enforcement agency and its opinions and articles do not necessarily ODDITORIALS 31 (CPKN), promises to meet urgent training reflect the opinions of any government, police, or law enforcement agency. ©2005 - All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this needs, keep officers patrolling the streets and publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, Gaining momentum to protect children 32 reduce the time and expense of training new electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system without permission. police, promises John Arnold of the Canadian Internet activity is monitored and use or re-posting of Community policing call for entries 33 Police Research Centre. material on the Internet is restricted. Blue Line’s tactical firearms editor, Dave TECHNOLOGY 34 Brown, illustrates the tactical pistol reload and The child expolitation tracking system why doing it properly may save your life. This publication is a private venture and receives no In our regular features, Dr. Dorothy subsidy or grant from any level of government. Keeping a straight line 35 explains why working together is not always — Affiliations — Kids ‘n Kops mix education and fun a good thing, Mike Novakowski has case International Association of Law Enforcement Planners law, Mark Giles tells us about the Canadian Advertising Rates & Data International Police Association PRODUCT NEWS 36 importance of well-written news releases, The Police Leadership Forum fact sheets and backgrounders, Danette Periodical Publishers Exchange NEWS CLIPS 25, 37 Dooley has the touching story of a St. John’s The Canadian Press Newswire memorial service for the four slain RCMP Harvey Research COMING EVENTS 37 officers and Tom Rataj looks at the new Printed in Canada by Tri-Tech Printing child exploitation tracking system, ISSN #0847 8538 BACK OF THE BOOK 38 developed by the Toronto Police Service Sex Canada Post - Canadian Publications Mail Crimes Unit and Microsoft Canada. Product Sales Agreement No. 176796 Canadian Human Rights Act and hate crime

Blue Line Magazine 3 MAY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 4 MAY 2005 It’s time to think about police funding sions of responsibility work better if funded by Morley Lymburner from different revenue streams? For example, crime prevention and enforcement funded There is no greater example of the prob- through municipal tax dollars while detection lems plaguing modern policing than the sim- and administration are financed through pro- ple concept of who pays the bills. Perhaps it is vincial tax dollars. time the entire Canadian policing profession Enforcement and prevention overlap and takes a second look at itself and considers a become symbiotic. Officers talking to school complete paradigm shift. children and enforcing traffic laws on their For centuries policing has been bogged adult counterparts should be a local closer-to- down by both conceptual and financial restric- the-community type of function. It is nice to tions. It has been crippled by its historical have these officers closely identified with the roots of being close to the community, yet try- community. Seeing a local name on the shoul- ing to broaden its mandate to a level of per- der of their uniform or the side of the car gives ceptual omnipotence. a sense of ownership that encourages a feel- The funding demons can cause consider- ing of security and comfort. able damage and many problems appear to While the community is comforted by see- have snowballed in the past ten years. Almost dropped, even momentarily, it is very difficult ing a local cop on the beat, there is still a need all federal and provincial funding is paid for to get it back into rhythm again. Complicating to feel that major incidents will be investigated by the taxes of every citizen. This provides a the issue – one of these balls were often heavier properly. Communities feel confident about stable enough platform to run broad-based and or lighter than the others. It would be nice if police detective work when it is performed by large scale policing initiatives such as major someone else could take at least one of the balls competent, experienced and trained experts investigations, forensics, highway patrol and away, he pointed out. who can look at an investigation objectively, intelligence gathering. It is also the base used Everyone could work better if the load was but still use the local knowledge base of the for some rural and general patrol policing in made a little lighter, but lightening the load community patrol officer. more remote parts of the country. and getting the job done are at odds with each Dividing funding responsibilities could Municipal funding, other than grant other at times. Not professing to have all the remove some of the angst felt by many police money, comes from property taxes. This is the answers, but wanting to open the dialogue, here leaders and also may encourage a healthier limiting factor for municipal police and the is a suggestion which we can put in the cat- police environment with improved succession golden fleece for provincial and federal po- egory of ‘blue sky’ thinking. planning and professionalism. lice services. Once the budgets are set, mu- In a perfect world, would the various divi- Your comments are expected. nicipal police are stuck with making them work. Federal and provincial services have long seen this as a rich revenue stream; hence the hunger for contract policing. Speaking to one frustrated city police chief many years ago, I asked what funding issues may arise. She advised me that her biggest competition is the library. “I desperately need ten new officers but I have to present my ar- guments to city hall as to why our need is greater than a new wing on the library.” Cases were not being investigated because every officer was needed on the street simply to handle calls for service. Crime prevention and education were suffering and every day she sent up a prayer that nothing major hap- pened. Her biggest mistake was underestimat- ing the library department’s ability to sell coun- cil on their agenda over hers. Another chief had a tale even more dire. His department was funded by property taxes but the tax base was depressed due to regional economic downturns. Absolutely no argument could wring an extra dollar for any department. The downturn brought with it a proportional increase in crime. Idle hands being the devil’s workshop, officers were on a constant war foot- ing dealing with domestic violence, robberies and B&E’s. An unsympathetic provincial gov- ernment meant crime prevention initiatives and investigative work were out of the question. “All any of us can do is hang on for the ride and hope for the best,” he observed. Another chief once told me his job was juggling, keeping three balls in the air at all times. Crime prevention, crime detection and law enforcement needed a steady administra- tive arm to keep them moving. If one ball is

Blue Line Magazine 5 MAY 2005 ProudProud ofof ourour past...past... PPreparedrepared forfor thethe futurefuture by Jeff Arbing To know where we are going we must first know where we are and also where we have been. The motto for the London Police 150th Anniversary is “Proud of our Past - Prepared for the Future” and embraces the philosophy behind the city’s entire sesquicentennial cel- ebration. The City of London was incorporated in 1855 and within its first month organized a police force, with William O’Reilly appointed as its Chief Constable. The city was divided into seven wards, and a single constable was appointed to maintain law and order in each ward. The City of London, at that time, was a From 1855 to 1874, the London Police Station was small town of about 10,000 people situated at housed at the rear of City Hall (centre of photo). the forks of the Thames River. It was a cross- - Photo, courtesy Museum London roads for trade in Southern Ontario and grew rapidly with the development of the region. strictly on the job. There were no police col- To really get a feel for 1855 we must im- leges or formal classes to educate the prospec- agine a frontier type town, complete with mills, tive law man. It was not until 1867, the year of markets, and a blacksmith. London is named Canadian Confederation, that the Police Force Headquarters and police court building, Carling Street, c. 1897. the “Forest City”, which is a moniker fitting published an instruction manual to assist its - Photo, courtesy Museum London of today’s landscape, but even more applica- new constables. The Police Force continued ble in those early days. The entire region was to grow and evolve through the years, and the up residence in its new home at 140 Carling known for its old growth forest and lumber was officers were rewarded for their efforts with a Street, right in the heart of the growing me- an important resource of the area. Horses and pay raise to exactly one dollar a day in 1869. tropolis. The town continued to expand and wagons were the vehicles of choice. This lent truth to the old adage of “another day, the Police Force took on the duties of polic- The first London Police officers were another dollar.” ing what is now Old East London. This area strong, tough, fair-minded men who were In 1877 the Police Commission decided was the blue collar part of town where labour- tasked with the safety of the town. They were to admit members of the press to its meetings ers and factory workers lived. The Police placed on 24-hour duty in 1856, recognizing providing “nothing should be reported that Commission also came to a decision that that crime and danger did not sleep and shift may interfere with ends of justice”. Police standardized a formal retirement age of 55 for work became a way of life. The first police forces across the continent have been grap- its officers. station consisted of a small room at the back pling with the media’s definition of this state- The City of London achieved some of City Hall, with a sign identifying the of- ment ever since. dubious fame in 1880, with the notorious case fices of the “POLICE FORCE.” The 1880’s continued to be a time of of the massacre of the Donnelly clan just north The training of the police officers was done change for the London Police Force as it took of the city, near the village of Lucan. The

Blue Line Magazine 6 MAY 2005 members of this family, known to some locally as the Black Donnellys, were outlaws to many in the area and this appeared to be a crime of vigilante justice. Newly appointed Chief W.T.T Williams and his “detectives” were the lead investigators in the case. This story is an article unto itself and, in fact, numerous books have been written on the subject. For the purpose of this article, it is sufficient to say that there were charges laid but no one was ever convicted for the slaughter of the Black Donnellys. London Police’s first ‘paddy’ wagon (‘Black Maria’) 1923 Photo of London Police Motorcycle Squad. The years passed and in 1888 the London - 1923, driven by Sgt. John Mackey. - Photo, courtesy University of Western Ontario Police ordered a horse-drawn patrol wagon to - London Free Press photo, courtesy Museum London assist in the transportation of prisoners. A few for his officers. A Juvenile Court was opened at years later, a bicycle was added to the vehicu- tal punishment was alive and well in 19th Cen- City Hall and the Force opened its “Bureau of lar fleet to assist with cyclists who were speed- tury Ontario. Identification” in the Carling Street Station. The ing or riding on the public sidewalks. The The 20th Century came to the City of Lon- London Police motorcycle squad was formed modern age was fast approaching and the Force don and the hard work of the police officers and greatly improved the speed and mobility of was adapting to keep up. was recognized with the granting of 14 days these officers. The organization was growing The 1890’s were difficult times for the vacation each year. The Police Force was de- rapidly and the old station no longer suited the London Police, who lost three of their brother veloping into a modern, professional organi- needs of a modern police force. Plans began on officers. One was killed in an accident; another zation and in 1913 the Force purchased mo- a new station, which was approved by city coun- was killed in a shoot-out; and the third, Con- torized patrol wagons and a fingerprint roller. cil, although it would be several years before it stable Michael Toohey, was killed by one of The similarities to the sophisticated police serv- would be in operation. the most notorious criminals in London’s his- ice of today were beginning to take shape. As it left the Roaring 20’s the Force tory, Marian “Peg Leg” Brown. The year 1914 brought with it the loss of moved into its new home at 14 King Street, Peg Leg Brown was a native of San Saba officers to the war effort in Europe. Today there and Harry Down was appointed as the Chief County, Texas; a tramp who rode the rails and are memorials in our Victoria Park commemo- of the London Police Force. Chief Down was while on the run from the authorities in Texas, rating the dedication and service of London- known as a tough, but fair man, demanding attacked a watchman for the Grand Trunk Rail- ers who made the ultimate sacrifice in the no more from his officers than he demanded way in London. He was pursued by Constable “Great War.” Even as the war raged on, Lon- of himself. The first fully automatic traffic Toohey, who was fatally wounded by two shots don continued to grow, and in 1918 the Force lights were installed, replacing the old manu- from a .44 caliber gun. “Peg Leg” Brown was began its six-day work week. ally controlled traffic towers. tried and convicted for the murder of the of- Chief Robert Birrell was appointed in 1920 As the 1930’s progressed London was ficer, and in 1899, hanged for his crime. Capi- and implemented a formal school of instruction affected, like all communities, by the Great

Blue Line Magazine 7 MAY 2005 Cst. Trevor Pool and police service dog Sabre. Depression. The times of economic hardship led to the City’s cutting the pay of police officers. It was a hard time for everyone, especially the men protecting the City, whose dwindling tax dollars were being stretched exceedingly thin. Yet, the City continued to grow and society continued to develop. Police cars had to be readily identifiable, and in 1935, it became mandatory to have a green light on Chief Faulkner, in uniform, is joined by former chiefs N. LaVerne Shipley, left, Walter T. Johnson and the front of the cruisers. Brian Collins in cutting the cake at the 150th anniversary celebration, held Feb. 2, 2005. The year 1939 meant that Canada was en- Photo by Dave Chidley, courtesy London Free Press. tering the Second World War and many offic- ers were, once again, leaving their homes in In 1963, Finlay Carroll was appointed defence of our way of life. The Police Com- Chief of Police, and members of the Force at- mission ordered that all members of the Police tended the Ontario Police College for the first Force who enlisted in the army would be given time. For those of you too young to remember, their rank and seniority when they returned the Ontario Police College used to be a series from the war. In 1943, a program was started of old Air Force training barracks. The site, that is a very special part of the London Police which is occupied by the new Ontario Police history. This program was initiated by police College, was a World War II Air Force train- volunteers and its aim was to aid young boys ing base that was no longer in use. in dealing with the absence of their fathers who The 1970’s brought with them many had gone off to war. The volunteers would changes. In 1971, Walter T. Johnson was ap- plex tactical and weapons related situations. The engage the boys in various activities, includ- pointed the new Chief of Police and he guided Force added a polygraph operator as well as the ing music, and from this initiative was born the Force as it linked to the Canadian Police Community Oriented Response Unit and its mo- the London Police Boys Band. The Band be- Information Centre, formed a Canine Unit, a bile command vehicle. This mobile command came increasingly popular and in time had to Marine Patrol, and acquired a mobile Foren- post is capable of radio and computer integra- be divided into a junior, intermediate, and sen- sic Identification laboratory. The Force moved tion away from the central Communications fa- ior division. All three of these divisions would into its current building at 601 Dundas Street cility and can be used to direct and maintain eventually go on to win medals at the Cana- in 1974, bringing with it the newly established service to the City even in the event of the main dian Championships. As the years went by, Family Consultants Unit. This group is made police station being evacuated. over 500 boys, some of whom still maintain up of civilians and supports the officers by as- The 1990’s led to the implementation of social contact with the London Police, were sisting citizens with domestic related problems. an 800 MHZ digital trunked radio system and participants in the band. This type of volun- The Unit was the first of its kind and is still a the eventual installation of computers in the teer support by the police is typical of our pro- leader in its field throughout Canada. Over the patrol cruisers at the end of the decade. These fession and the type of person that it takes to years, police services from around the world were not mere MDT’s of days gone by, but wear the badge and serve our communities. have sent representatives to learn about the rather, terminals that were fully interactive with The war ended and the technological boom Unit and its mandate. the mainframe at police headquarters. The of- of the 20th century gave police forces added The 1980’s brought with them the inte- ficers could access the records system, check tools to better enforce the laws and serve their gration of the computer, which has revolu- mug shots, complete reports, and even send e- communities. The London Police Force began tionized how policing is done today. N. mails right from the patrol cruisers. to test traffic speeds with an electric timing LaVerne Shipley took over as Chief of Police Chief Brian Collins was appointed in 2002 device, which was later replaced with radar and served until 1991 when he retired and left and was instrumental in laying the groundwork speed testing equipment. A new telephone the force in the hands of one Julian Fantino. for the increase in officer complement which switchboard was installed in the police station Prior to his appointment as London’s Chief is currently being implemented. This ongoing and the Police Commission approved the pur- of Police, Chief Fantino held the position of personnel increase followed a comprehensive chase of a breathalyzer machine in 1958. Staff Superintendent with the Toronto Police business plan process and workload analysis The 1960’s brought with them the intro- Service. He continued to develop the London that was completed through the recently es- duction of microfilmed criminal records and Police Force into a modern law enforcement tablished Corporate Services Division. the Police Commission decision that police organization, ready to meet the challenges of This past year, 2004, was an auspicious applicants must have at least a grade 12 edu- the 21st Century. one, with the current Police Chief, Wm. cation. Police officers could no longer just be The Emergency Response Section was Murray Faulkner being appointed on April 2nd. hired by the pound. formed in 1992, to deal with increasingly com- The London Police Service hosted the 2004

Blue Line Magazine 8 MAY 2005 Chief Murray Faulkner, Sgt. Len Zima and the LPS heritage vehicle (1934 Ford paddy wagon). Photo by Dave Chidley, courtesy London Free Press. Chief Murray Faulkner, front left, shows off a Can-Am Police-Fire Games — an unprec- special anniversary edition Ford Crown Victoria edented success. The Service received the cruiser. He’s joined by, from rear left, Fred Stallaert of Ford Canada, Deputy Chiefs Tony IACP Award of Excellence in Technology for McGowan and Brad Duncan and Ford plant the integration of the radio and computer sys- manager Mark Boldin. tems and continues to be the model for inter- Photo by Dave Chidley, courtesy London Free Press. active law enforcement in Canada. The Serv- ice also spearheaded the introduction of the the history of the people served. Policing is a Law Enforcement Information Portal (LEIP) proud and noble profession, the challenges of project, which allows police services to share which are ever increasing. By looking back records information. At this time, 10 police through this history, we are better able to un- services in Ontario participate to some degree, derstand how the service arrived here today either query only or query and publishing, and and where it is going tomorrow. there is a hook-up to the B.C. LEIP server. Re- Jeff Arbing has served as a police con- quests have been received from police agen- stable with the City of London Police Serv- ice for 14 years. He has served in the cies in the Provinces of Quebec, Nova Scotia, Uniformed Patrol Division, Criminal Inves- and Saskatchewan to come on board. tigation Division and Downtown Commu- It is now 2005 and the London Police Serv- nity Foot Patrol Unit. He is currently as- ice is celebrating its 150th Anniversary signed as the Public Information and Me- dia Relations Officer for the London Po- throughout the entire year with a series of lice Service. He may be contacted by events being organized by an enthusiastic email at [email protected] group of volunteers. The first event was held on February 2nd and was the actual “Birthday Party” of the London Police Service and the kick-off for the anniversary year. This event was a huge success shared with past and present officers, senior officers from surround- ing jurisdictions, other partners and friends. London Police volunteers have planned a series of events throughout the year, including hockey, golf, and soccer tournaments. There will be an open house in conjunction with Doors Open London, and a display of histori- cal artifacts at Museum London that will run from July through December. An author has been selected who is hard at work producing a complete history book detailing the events that have brought the police service from 1855 to today. The culmination of the year will be the formal London Police Gala celebration to be held in October. This black-tie affair will be held at the London Convention Centre. This event will be a celebration of the police serv- ice’s history, heritage, and future. The uniform of the London Police Service represents a century and a half of pride and dedication to this community and society. At the same time that London was just a small town at the forks of the Thames River, police forces across Canada were being formed and embarking on journeys similar to the one de- picted here. Policing has grown under Sir Robert Peel’s principle of “the police are the public and the public are the police.” London police officers are a part of the fabric of their communities and are actually interwoven into

Blue Line Magazine 9 MAY 2005 The evolution of community service London’s family consultant/victim services unit by Lisa Heslop

While the central function of the London Police Service Family Consultant/Victim Services Unit is, and has always been, helping victims of crime and tragic events, its work has continued to evolve. It has adapted to also serve the needs of police, the municipality, changing legislation and a myriad of social issues that have arisen over the past three decades. The service first recognized the need for changes in how police handled domestic dis- putes in 1973. One of the major impetuses for innovation in this area was the hope that a new program would reduce the amount of time front line officers spent responding to these types of calls. Other goals were to reduce the frustration officers experienced as a result of handling repeat calls and alleviating the potential dan- gers to officers and families involved in do- mestic violence. The chief at the time, Walter Johnson, in partnership with community agen- cies and mental health professionals, devel- oped the family consultant service. The first of its kind in Canada, it offered professional crisis intervention services 24/7 to individuals and families who interacted with Back row (from left): Lisa Highgate, Deborah Rome, Brian Armstrong, Kristin Graham, Lorraine McDonald Front row : Marisa Thorburn, Lisa Heslop, Gill Villanueva, Corinne Enright police. The service was initiated as a civilian team of social workers operating from police • The consultant provides immediate crisis in- nity. It also enhances the understanding of headquarters to assist officers in dealing with a tervention services – assessing the dynamics victimology amongst victim services and wide variety of mental health and social serv- operating in the family and solution oriented criminal justice professionals. ice occurrences. The process is surprisingly counselling. If a referral for ongoing coun- Today the unit provides: straight forward but has proven to be effective. selling is indicated, the appropriate links to 1. Clinical services for victims, families and • An officer responds to the initial occurrence an array of community services are arranged. individuals who, for myriad reasons, inter- and, using his/her judgement, requests a con- The unit has expanded to meet the needs act with police. More than 85 per cent of sultant, but only if the individual agrees. of victims and families in the London commu- clinical work is derived from front-line po- lice officers; the remaining 15 per cent is referred by community services or citizens. The unit responds to domestic violence, children, adolescents and youth, victims of crime and tragic events and requests for critical incident debriefing. 2. Programs for victims of specific types of crimes, such as residential break & enter, domestic violence, robbery and critical in- cident stress management 3. Police training 4. Representation on various committees and boards 5. Public education and awareness of victimi- zation 6. Applied research projects

Collaborative model The unit was developed as a bridge be- tween police and community agencies and continues to operate within a collaborative model. It has a professional advisory council which meets quarterly and includes representa- tives from all sectors to ensure the unit remains current on trends in the community and is stra- tegically positioned to partner on specific ini- tiatives. The unit also invests considerable re- sources in sitting on various committees and

Blue Line Magazine 10 MAY 2005 boards of agencies whose work intersects with Court Advisory Committee and the Muslim In summary the London Police Service. Family Safety Project. The unit has been subject to considerable In 2003 the unit undertook to steer a evaluation to determine benefits. Families were Trends in police contact with LCCEWA project aimed at disseminating in- found to be better adjusted and functioned bet- mentally ill individuals formation on domestic violence to communi- ter three years after intervention, and also dem- The unit undertook a research project in ties. The objective is to teach citizens how to onstrated better reasoning ability and less ag- partnership with the Consortium for Applied identify domestic violence and help victims. gression in resolving conflict. Further, behav- Research and Evaluation in Mental Health in Using a model similar to Neighbourhood ioural and emotional problems in youth were 1999. Its purpose was to describe the effects Watch, communities are encouraged to host reduced three years after intervention. of deinstitutionalization on the quality of care anti-violence events with the support of anti and life for mentally ill individuals in London. violence professionals. Lisa Heslop worked as a social worker for the Kenora Using 1998 as a baseline year, the project and London Children’s Aid Society, the John Howard Society and a youth counseling agency prior to joining tracked all contacts between the service and Victims of youth violence the London Police Service in 1987 as a family consultant. individuals with mental illness. The findings This research project is currently exploring She provided front-line crisis intervention services before clearly supported the theory that mentally ill the unique factors impacting young victims and being promoted to Family Consultant/Victim Services unit individuals had been criminalized as a result witnesses violently victimized by a peer as they supervisor in 1999. She can be contacted at of increased contact with police. Around 60 proceed through the criminal justice system. [email protected]. per cent of the study population was found to have been charged and/or arrested on at least one occasion. Further, the service was expend- Fighting elder abuse with Project S.E.N.I.O.R ing substantial resources in this arena. These findings were presented to the 2003 by Brian Young and acts as a teacher, presenting and develop- ing educational programs and material on OACP annual general meeting, along with a Elder abuse must stop being the abuse and neglect to the public. It recently resolution to develop a training curriculum on ‘quiet safety issue’ it has been in worked with Project S.E.N.I.O.R. to present a mental illness for police officers. The OACP the past. With the ever increas- ‘senior empowerment day’ for seniors and resolution also endorsed a lobbying strategy ing population of seniors in our those who care about them. More than 260 to ensure adequate resources for community- communities, we as a society seniors attended; unfortunately another 100 based services whose mandates were to pro- had better start dealing with it registrants had to be turned away due to lack vide services at key intersection points. now. It has gone on far too of space. Locally, the London Police Service ex- long and our seniors deserve Held at the London Public Library, the free plored means of strengthening partnerships better. As Mark Twain said, “wrinkles should event featured two short plenary sessions with mental health service providers. This work merely indicate where smiles have been.” where an 83 year old woman acted out nine has resulted in many changes in the way po- The London Police Service is taking a elder abuse vignettes, helping to illustrate the lice and the community respond to the men- proactive approach to this problem, educating reality of abuse faced by many seniors. There tally ill. The Ministry of Health announcement and trying to empower seniors to help stop the were also break-out sessions on such topics as of annualized provincial funding for commu- abuse through Project S.E.N.I.O.R. (Stop Elder fraud and investment scams, home safety tips, nity services to address criminalization cred- Abuse In Our Region). Begun in the fall of CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environ- ited this research as one of the major impe- 1999, the initiative brings together service pro- mental Design), power of attorney and wills, tuses for change. viders and senior representatives, who work dementia, capacity assessment, long-term care, together to develop a community based and library services and safe driving for seniors. Residential break & enter senior driven response network. An elder abuse seminar project hosted nine program Members are dedicated to addressing is- days later attracted 62 police officers from three The Ontario Association of Chiefs of Po- sues and incidents of abuse and neglect of older services and 50 members of various seniors lice 2004 Victims Services Award acknowl- adults in an effort to make London and Mid- agencies. The day was broken into four sessions; edged the innovative work done by the unit in dlesex County a place where seniors can live the first dealt with the dynamics of elder abuse, enhancing the knowledge base and service de- with respect and dignity, free from any form covering topics such as definitions, types of livery for victims of residential break & enters. or threat of abuse. abuse, indicators, causes and impact. The Victims of Residential Break & En- The three main components to Project The second session covered victimology, ter program was designed to address the emo- S.E.N.I.O.R. are a steering committee, Multi- including reasons why victims do not respond, tional trauma of this form of victimization and Disciplinary Action Team (MAT) and Commit- confidentiality concerns, victim needs (safety, provide practical crime prevention strategies. tee on the Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly security, shelter and medical), effective re- Its goals are to assist individuals in returning (CANE). sponse, inter-agency cooperation and referral. to their pre-crisis level of functioning, em- Ad hoc committees are also formed on an The third session covered the role of the power them through active crime prevention as-needed basis to handle issues that require Office of the Public Guardian and Trustee, and provide connections to appropriate com- specific action, planning and implementation. along with information about relevant statutes munity resources. For example, an ad hoc committee was formed and powers of attorney. The unit received funding from the Office to work with the London and District Distress The final session featured a video depict- for Victims of Crime in 2003 to more exten- Centre to establish a seniors help line. ing four elder abuse scenarios, including one sively explore the issue. This research initiative The steering committee consists of seniors with a multi-disciplinary team approach to re- is a partnership between the London and Peel and service providers who are responsible for solving the situation. This was followed with Regional police services and the Ontario Pro- directing the general activities of the project a question and answer period to clarify any vincial Police. Results will be published on the and its sub-committees. It addresses such is- concerns and ensure all participants were OACP Victim Services web site in the future. sues as education, recruitment, funding, and aware of all the services available to them. direction of the overall project. The two sessions gave some 400 people Domestic violence MAT consists of individual service provid- important information about elder abuse, how The unit implemented a domestic violence ers (currently more than 20) who are in con- to recognize it and what services are available outreach program in 2000, designed to ensure tact with older persons through their work. to help deal with it. Participants were encour- it has contact with every victim of domestic Members meet regularly to discuss cases of aged to pass this information on others, rais- violence who was involved in a police occur- elder abuse and to provide support and guid- ing awareness about the problem throughout rence to ensure that their needs are met. The ance to agencies dealing with complex cases the community. unit works collaboratively with anti-violence of abuse or neglect. MAT is not an agency it- agencies in the community through the Lon- self but a resource tool that agencies can use. Brian Young is an inspector with the London Police Serv- don Coordinating Committee to End Woman CANE has responded to calls about sen- ice’s Court and Communications Branch. He can be Abuse (LCCEWA), the Domestic Violence ior abuse and neglect for more than 14 years reached at [email protected] or 519-661-5655.

Blue Line Magazine 11 MAY 2005 by Paul Shindman The six-day visit was led by Ontario Com- less you are actually here and dealing with munity Safety and Correctional Services Min- police officers and professionals who have JERUSALEM - When Osama Bin Laden ister Monty Kwinter and senior members of the lived it,” said Greater Sudbury Police Chief speaks, how seriously should Canadians lis- Ontario Association of Chiefs of Police. Also Ian Davidson. ten? If threat turns into reality, do we have the on the trip were former Toronto chief Julian Gheyson found the trip to be “quite a learn- tools and techniques to handle the drastic Fantino and Ontario Police College director ing experience... changes that might be imposed on our law en- Rudy Gheysen. Fantino is now Commissioner “It gives an opportunity to have a better forcement agencies? of Emergency Management for Ontario, the understanding of the culture but also to look That was one of the questions senior law position previously held by Young. The chiefs at some very unique ways in handling some enforcement officers and top public officials got the opportunity to share information with very difficult issues, both from a social stand- from Ontario had on their minds during a fact defense officials from the country often per- point but also from a training aspect.” finding mission to Israel in March. The chill- ceived of as a center for terrorist attacks. The Ontario Police College has a counter- ing detail that the world’s most wanted terror- “I thought it would be a wonderful oppor- terrorism program, but Gheyson said he wasn’t ist has Canada on his agenda seems to have tunity for them (the chiefs) to see first hand what in Israel specifically for that. slipped from the minds of most Canadians, but a policing environment is in Israel because they “We just wanted to have a look and see is very much in the thoughts of the police and could learn a lot from it,” Kwinter said. what some other parts of the world are doing,” those responsible for public security. Fantino was blunt about the information Gheyson said. “As good as we think we may “I think everyone certainly has been wor- gleaned from the Israel police and said that be at certain things, we also recognize that ried since 9/11 that there’s a possibility that everything is applicable in Ontario. there are people out there who are a lot better. North America could be hit again by a terror- “We are no less insulated from either a We need to make sure we look at all the ways ist act,” said James Young, the top advisor on natural emergency or a man-made emergency of doing something and take the best of the emergency preparedness for the federal Min- like terrorism and the aftermath,” Fantino said. best and apply that to what fits Ontario.” istry of Public Safety and Emergency Prepar- “I think we’re all realizing that we’re all sub- Gheyson echoed the views of many chiefs edness. “I think the tapes that we’ve seen from ject to the same kind of impacts. You learn very that Ontario is part of a changing world and Bin Laden, including the one naming Canada quickly how the authorities here prepare and law enforcement officials have to be prepared as one of the six countries (to be attacked), have been preparing and how they are able to for any eventuality. “I think any time any pro- increases that risk. I’ve heard multiple experts deal with an emergency once one happens.” fession can have a look outside the box, it can say it’s likely to be a question of when, not The chiefs and experts all agreed that the trip only improve what we’re doing.” whether we face some terrorist act somewhere was an invaluable way to get ideas, network and Far from going over existing knowledge, in North American and, unfortunately, Canada become more aware of potential issues. many of the Canadians said there was simply is part of that package.” “It’s a perspective that you can’t get un- far too much new information during the trip

Blue Line Magazine 12 MAY 2005 to figure out what had direct application for to do that is not normal. What they have had each of them. to endure to get to the point that they’re go- The intensity of the Middle East environ- ing to commit such an act must have been ment was most evident during a briefing by a extreme,” Mullan said. commander of one of Jerusalem’s bomb Chiefs from smaller communities were squads. Long a target of suicide bombers, po- surprised to also find common ground with lice have several units stationed in the city and their Israeli counterparts. Israel’s national po- can often handle over a dozen calls an hour – lice force is divided into regional and local more than most Canadian bomb units would commands and Owen Sound Deputy Chief generally see in a month. Frank Elsner said he was especially interested With a grisly slide show as a backdrop, to learn how Israelis deal with post-traumatic the commander described the protocol for re- stress and what lessons he could bring home sponding to an attack where the police sapper to help both his staff and citizens. is the first to board the bus and must search Elsner said he met Israeli counterparts through the bodies and debris for any from small communities the same size as unexploded devices. Only after his all-clear can Owen Sound. paramedics enter and treat any non-ambula- “Some of the ideas, the way that they struc- tory wounded. He must be conscious the en- ture their volunteers (for example), I think we tire time of both preserving evidence and keep- can use back in our home communities and that’s ing his professionalism intact. one of the things we’re going to look at.” The commander described how he once A surprise angle to the trip was the posi- boarded an exploded bus to find the police sta- tive feedback the Israelis gave about Canada. tion’s long-time cleaning woman dead in one The Canadians were whisked to a juvenile of the first benches. She had been on her way prison for a three hour visit after getting off to the station when a suicide bomber detonated the plane. himself. Despite his shock, he had to check Police Chief Robert Herman of the Thunder Bay “Right from the first minute we walked her and another dozen victims. Police Service trying on a suicide bomber's ex- in there they (the Israelis) started talking about Hamilton Chief Brian Mullan was puzzled plosive belt during a seminar given by the com- the similarities between Israel and Canada as to a suicide bomber’s motives to push the mander of a Jerusalem bomb squad unit. and how they use a lot of our methods in the button and cause intense destruction. At the prison system,” said Durham Deputy Chief end of the bomb squad briefing, he volunteered you know you are going to create carnage,” Charles Mercier. to try on an explosives-packed suicide bomb- Mullan said. The next day the officers traveled to the er’s vest. One of the personal puzzles Mullan disputed Golan Heights, where they met Ca- His first impression was the destructive wanted to solve was understanding the com- nadian peacekeeping troops who enforce the power an individual has; “It’s not an easy task mitment of an individual suicide bomber. “To cease fire between Israel and Syria. Canadian to strap that on and it’s not an easy task to get to the point where they’re strapping some- troops have helped keep the peace and pro- walk into a crowded place or a situation where thing like that is extreme and for somebody vide law enforcement there since the 1970s.

Blue Line Magazine 13 MAY 2005 “We re- you look at it in ceived notifica- the context of tion through the your own coun- military that our try and your Attorney General Michael Bryant announced Ontario’s law enforcement own province pit bull ban and other amend- agencies are and that’s ex- ments to the Dog Owners Liabil- ity Act will go into effect on Aug. very well re- actly what we’ll 29, followed by a 60-day transition spected by both do,” Boniface period. Ontario became the first sides,” Mercier said. province in Canada to pass such said, adding that “What will a ban on the breed, which requires Durham Police be really impor- owners of existing pit bulls to have them spayed or neutered, leashed Sgt. Paul Nadeau tant on the train- and muzzled while in public, and has been in Jor- ing itself is the to comply with additional requirements set by munici- dan since Janu- dialogue that we palities. The ban contains a grandfather clause to pro- ary training Iraqi need to take tect dogs already in the province, and those born in the police recruits. place as execu- province within 90 days that the law takes effect. Own- The chiefs tives in terms of ers of dangerous dogs are subject to fines of $10,000 also had a brief- Ontario Police Chiefs in Jerusalem what we need and a jail term of up to six months. From left to right: Nishnawbe Aski Chief Wesley Luloff, Dryden ing with Cana- Chief Shayne MacKinnon, Greater Sudbury Chief Ian and how we un- Legislation giving police the power to seize vehicles of da’s ambassador Davidson, Windsor Deputy Chief Gary Smith, Michipicoten- derstand all the johns who solicit prostitutes is to Israel, Donald Wawa Chief William Rose, Sault Ste. Marie Deputy Chief complexities of problematic because the law is un- Sinclair. Mercier Robert Kates, North Bay Chief Paul Cook the issue of ter- der review by the transportation indicated that rorism and, of department, Alberta Solicitor Gen- eral Harvey Cenaiko said. No ve- should there be progress in the peace process, course, there’s no better area to learn about it hicle has been seized to date since there may be a request for police officers from than here.” the bill was passed in legislature Canada to come and teach Palestinian police Boniface said the mission related to the peo- two years ago. A supporter of the officers Canadian methods in law enforcement. ple of Ontario. “Obviously, an understanding law, Transportation minister Lyle “I think we have a good (law enforcement) of the issues in the Middle East is important to Oberg says his department is foundation in Canada and people are looking a very diverse population we have in Ontario.” wrestling with the constitutionality of seizing people’s vehicles. Demanding action on the to Canada to take that home to their communi- “It is a very small global village at the issue, civic leaders in Alberta voice that a similar law in ties,” he said. “It’s a very high compliment to end of the day in policing and anywhere you Saskatchewan has withstood a constitutional challenge. our Canadian law enforcement.” can learn and understand other parts of the Oberg says he hopes to have a solution “very soon.” The packed itinerary also included brief- world is a great gift you give back to your ings and demonstrations from experts in coun- own location.” BC Solicitor General Rich Coleman said 19 officers ter-terrorism, forensics, psychology and po- “I continue to make an endless list of how drawn from the RCMP and munici- pal forces will form a new police litical analysis. The Jerusalem itinerary in- we can take back understanding in our spe- unit aimed at monitoring sexual cluded visits to police national headquarters, cialized units in terms of the way work is done predators when they get out of training base and the Hadassah Hospital here at the executive level. Understanding prison. The unit, known as the In- trauma center, where most terrorism victims some of the issues facing all the people in the tegrated Sexual Predator Obser- from the region are taken for treatment. The Middle East – it will be very important from vation Team - or I-SPOT, will moni- tor offenders and step in if they vio- hospital regularly runs drills for different sce- top to bottom in the (OPP) organization.” late their parole or seem likely to narios, including mass terrorist attacks and None of the participants thought that the re offend. The unit will also work biological/chemical warfare. constant barrage of attacks Israel experiences closely with parole officers and victims’ assistance work- Ontario Provincial Police Commissioner would be duplicated in Ontario, but most ex- ers. Police caught sexual predators breaching their re- Gwen Boniface described the trip as a “phe- pressed satisfaction that they had been able to lease conditions within hours during pilot projects. In- nomenal opportunity” to learn and said her Is- experience the Middle East up front and see in spector Keith Davidson, the officer-in charge of the raeli counterparts had been very candid. person the issues they’d only get from the news RCMP Behavioural Sciences Group, will head I-SPOT. “We’re here to learn about other parts of in Canada. William Blair, Toronto’s acting deputy chief of police, the world and how they deal with the issue of The Bin Laden tape was released in 2002 was named the city’s top cop last terrorism. Of course, when we go back home, and nobody had any illusions that terrorists month. He will replace former chief Julian Fantino, who va- have a short memory or that Canadians might cated the post in March after a be immune from attack. five-year tenure. “I have always “The one thing you learn is that we are all been impressed with the quality vulnerable and we’re all having to today plan of our people,’’ Blair said follow- for the unthinkable and hopefully be prepared ing the announcement by the To- ronto Police Services Board. to manage the after effect of an emergency,” Blair, who has served with To- Fantino said. “It’s something that we’ve been ronto police for more than 28 doing more since 9/11 certainly, but public years, acknowledged he faces several challenges, in- safety is always a work in progress.” cluding accusations of racial profiling and allegations Fantino noted that Ontario residents of corruption within the force. He said he will respond shouldn’t look at the chiefs visit to Israel as a with “unflinching honesty and determination.’’ sign of things to come. Yvan Delorme was sworn in as new Montreal chief “They should be comforted knowing that last month and at the age of 42 we are very much in tune with learning, with is one of its youngest police improving, developing new skill sets,” Fantino chiefs ever selected. After his said. “If it’s predictable, it’s preventable, so our swearing-in ceremony Delorme told reporters he’d rather be in mission, our job, our responsibility is to do eve- the chief’s job for a while before rything we can to prevent an emergency from giving his thoughts on some of happening, if that can be done, and be well pre- the bigger issues he faces, like pared to manage one in the event that it does. racial profiling. He stated he These are very important lessons for us.” plans to go through a period of consultation with his officers, politicians and various community groups before Paul Shindman is a freelance journalist working on as- setting priorities. signment for Blue Line Magazine.

Blue Line Magazine 14 MAY 2005 Working together not always better by Dorothy Cotton from backgrounds that value collectivity and group enterprises suffer less from social loaf- It’s rare these days for someone to prom- ing than do the highly individualistic members ise they will provide whatever resources you of Western cultures. need to get the job done – but that’s just what So, short of doing everything yourself, happened recently to my friend Sergeant Pres- what can you do to make a group work more ton (okay, that’s not his real name – I made it efficiently? If you have a choice, pick your up to protect the innocent, observe confidenti- group members carefully; choose people who ality and all that). are invested in the project and the group, not Preston took the time to sort out exactly those whose primary goal is to show how spe- what needed to be done and concluded it would cial they are. take him about 12 weeks to do it, working Everyone likes to be a little special, but alone. He co-opted two constables to help and they also need to be accountable. Try to give rashly figured the three of them could get it specific assignments to group members – rather done in a third of that time; after three weeks than telling ten people to build a house, put of work, it became clear they were nowhere Ben in charge of purchasing, Fred in charge of near half done. He borrowed two more bodies carpentry, have Laura see to the plumbing and but the job still ended up taking six weeks. Fernando take care of the interior decorating; What’s with that? How could he have mis- lar reasons. that way it’s harder for any person to hide be- judged so badly? All-male groups tend to engage in more hind the others and easier for each to feel own- Sometimes the whole is not greater than the social loafing than all-female or mixed groups. ership and pride in his or her own work. It’s sum of its parts – sometimes it’s less. The fact is Again, it seems to be related to how you view easier to hold people accountable if they know that the more people you have doing something, yourself; strong individuals and those who feel right up front how their contributions are go- the less work each does. Two people don’t work they’re unique, individual, superior or special ing to be assessed. twice as fast as one. Many of us have long sus- are less likely to commit to the group or see Of course, you could also ask all potential pected this – groups are generally not very effi- themselves as part of it. group members to bring in their kindergarten cient. This phenomenon, called ‘social loafing,’ Women tend to be more group-oriented report cards and pick the people who have gold refers to the tendency of individuals to expend than men and focus on interrelatedness; they stars in the ‘plays well with others!’ column. less effort when working collectively than when are more concerned with the overall project instead of their particular situation. There are You can reach Dr. Dorothy Cotton, Blue Line’s psychology working individually. columnist , at [email protected] A classic example: you hold a tug of war also cultural differences. People who come and ask three people, individually, to pull as hard as they can. Then you have them work together, still pulling for all they’re worth, but quickly discover that the group pulls only 2.5 times as hard as one person. Eight people will pull only four times as hard as a single person. The same thing happens if you ask people to clap as loudly as they can. One person makes 3.7 dynes per sq cm; two people, working to- gether, produce just 2.6 dynes each. That drops to 1.8 each for four people and 1.5 for six. I must confess that I have no idea what a dyne is but the message is clear – as soon as there are others involved, productivity per person goes down the toilet. There are a variety of explanations for this. For one thing, there’s less accountability. When a group works on something, it’s hard to tell who’s responsible for what, so it’s easier to slack off and get away with it. There also tends to be less personal investment in the final product. If my name – and my name only – will be on some- thing, then I am going to make darn sure it looks pretty good and will definitely give it my best shot. If I have to share the glory, however, then I am not so invested. I might also slack off be- cause I feel others are slacking off. I’m not go- ing to really put myself out if I feel the others aren’t also pulling their weight. Of course, some people are more prone to social loafing than others. Curiously, those who view themselves as superior are the most likely to work at less than full steam – they regard other group members as less productive than they are and feel they shouldn’t have to work harder than the others. Independent people and strong individualists also do worse, for simi-

Blue Line Magazine 15 MAY 2005 E-learning technology Police training within budget, on-line and on time by John Arnold

A new national police training initiative has been launched that meets the urgent training needs of the police community, keeps more police patrolling the streets and reduces the time and costs associated with training. This initiative, known as the Canadian Police Knowledge Network (CPKN), compliments police services existing training strategies by incorporating e-learning (web-based training and operational support tools) as a key component. Everyone knows that training is costly and almost impossible to provide on an “as needed basis.” Statistics indicate that this challenge will become more complex in the near future with significant turnover expected and almost 40 per cent of current front-line officers with less than five years experience. With such trends emerging, more cost-effective training strategies are required. e-working tools offered by CPKN. These tools, Violence Investigations Course. Staff Sergeant Steve Pilote of the Winni- which are designed to help increase job pro- With more than 2200 domestic violence peg Police Service (WPS) Training Academy ductivity and further develop skill sets, include investigations under their belts, the WPS trio shares similar concerns: “Providing essential resources such as various job aids (first re- provided the expertise on investigating do- training while operating within current budg- sponder checklists) and operational support mestic violence cases. Working with CPKN, ets continues to be one of the biggest chal- tools (search warrant templates). they transformed this knowledge into a dy- lenges that many police organizations face. CPKN is governed by its Advisory Board, namic e-learning course available to all Ca- Many police organizations, including our own, which is comprised of prominent members of nadian police officers. “The rich graphics, are looking for ways to enhance and improve the Canadian police community. Vital for the multimedia, really brought this course to training opportunities while managing costs.” CPKN’s success, the Advisory Board provides life. And the interactive pieces certainly hold CPKN’s objective is just that: to increase the necessary link between CPKN and the po- the learner’s interest from start to finish. It’s training opportunities on a national level while lice community by determining their training that aspect of this course that really impressed helping police services reduce costs and save priorities and helping to identify relevant sub- me,” noted Prior. resources. According to Staff Sergeant Lonnie ject matter experts. CPKN’s e-learning courses provide first Schubert of the Edmonton Police Service Utilizing the resources of police experts is response training for missing children cases (EPS), “the value of CPKN is that it allows for a key philosophy of CPKN. “The bonus as- and chemical, biological, radiological and nu- the sharing of police related knowledge from pect of CPKN courses is that they are designed clear attacks. They also train front-line police coast to coast.” CPKN is currently working by police officers for police officers,” says officers on how to properly investigate and with EPS to develop e-learning courses on Hate Patrol Sergeant Lisa Prior of the WPS. CPKN manage cases that deal with sexual offences, and Bias Crime Investigation and Metham- works in collaboration with Canadian police electronic crimes, hate and bias crimes and phetamine Labs. These courses will be avail- services and related organizations to develop collision investigations, as well as training on able to a national police audience through the its e-learning and e-working products. Some the Niche Records Management System. A CPKN portal. of these organizations include the RCMP, complete course catalogue is available at Following a meeting of Canadian police WPS, EPS, Cape Breton Regional Police Serv- www.cpkn.ca. officers in March 2004, there was strong sup- ice and the Atlantic Police Academy. CPKN In addition to very specialized training port to form an organization to serve the com- also has arrangements with selected third party courses, CPKN also offers courses that aid puter-based training needs of the law enforce- organizations to deliver their training through police officers with essential job tasks. Inves- ment community. Thus, the National Research the CPKN portal. tigative Communications is one such course. Council, Justice Knowledge Network and the P/Sgt Prior understands the potential for “It’s a comprehensive course that teaches po- Canadian police community, formed a strate- e-learning. “You can certainly reach a much lice officers the fundamental skills essential to gic alliance and created CPKN. larger population base of your membership to interviewing witnesses, victims and suspects As a not-for-profit organization, CPKN give them level training so everybody is on in criminal investigations, and to obtain a state- works with Canadian police services to de- the same playing field and in addition you can ment that is acceptable to the courts and crown velop and deliver high quality, interactive and deliver this program several times a year to attorneys,” explains RCMP Corporal Dwayne cost-effective e-learning products. CPKN of- your membership so that everybody is trained.” Kelly, one of two subject matter experts who fers eight e-learning courses with an additional P/Sgt Prior, along with Detective Constables helped develop this course. “With e-learning eight currently in development. Darren Skomoroh and Rick Sharma, are the we can mitigate some of the traditional train- Those registering for an e-learning course three subject matter experts from the WPS in- ing expenses and redirect them into either de- are also given free access to the more than 30 volved in the development of the Domestic veloping other courses or other operational

Blue Line Magazine 16 MAY 2005 activities.” RCMP Staff Sergeant Phil Scharf also provided his expertise for the devel- opment of the Investiga- tive Communications course. According to S/Sgt Scharf, the benefits go far beyond anytime and any- where access. “It allows us to eliminate some of the time that would be spent in the classroom but the online course also allows coaches, mentors and su- pervisors access to the same material, allow- awareness in that community. During these Regional Police Service (CBRPS), are begin- ing them to continually update themselves or visits, significant interest was expressed ning to take advantage of this exciting and mentor their candidates immediately.” toward e-learning, with most police services promising initiative. Chief Edgar MacLeod The prices of CPKN products, which range indicating that they are preparing to (President of the Canadian Association of from $50 – $125 per user per year, are deter- incorporate it into their training strategy. Chiefs of Police) strongly supports e-learning. mined by using a cost-recovery model. As a Comments and discussion focused on im- “We (CBRPS) are working with CPKN to de- not-for-profit organization, CPKN merely proving access to training opportunities with- velop two e-learning courses because I believe seeks to recover its costs of development, with out sacrificing quality or human resources, as in the value of e-learning and the positive im- the remaining revenue allocated to the collabo- well as reducing the time and costs of tradi- pact it will have on my members.” rating organization. tional classroom-based training through both Plug into e-learning today. To try a demo or to get more CPKN continues to explore new partner- blended and stand-alone e-learning courses. information regarding CPKN and its products, please ships to develop future e-learning products. Further discussions with Ontario police serv- visit: www.cpkn.ca 1-866-357-CPKN Collaborating organizations are compensated ices and others from all across Canada will for the resources that they provide, being allo- generate the best approach in addressing lo- John Arnold is the Chief Scientist of the Canadian Police cated a portion of the revenue generated from cal, provincial and national training initiatives. Research Centre (CPRC). He has spent more than 25 years working with police organizations from across the the sale of the course. Organizations interested e-Learning in general and CPKN specifically country undertaking technology research and development in collaborating with CPKN can find out more cannot be the panacea for training challenges, efforts in support of the Canadian police community, en- by visiting: www.cpkn.ca. but there are huge roles for them to play in suring the best possible resources are made available to CPKN officials recently visited a number helping meet the needs of police organizations. police and related organizations in a cost efficient and timely manner. of police services in Ontario to raise Police services, including the Cape Breton

Blue Line Magazine 17 MAY 2005 The pistol reload illustrated by Dave Brown

Nothing can prepare for that sudden drop in the pit of your stomach the first time your pistol slide locks back and the threat hasn’t yet been stopped. Whether you survive the next few seconds is going to depend heavily on how much you have prepared for this instant. When done correctly, a good reload can be accomplished smoothly and unconsciously in fractions of a second. When things go wrong, it can take the rest of your life. Practicing is as necessary as practicing drawing and marksmanship. Those experi- enced in martial arts sometimes say that it takes upwards of a thousand repetitions before a ba- sic technical skill becomes an unconscious re- action in an emergency. Unless you do a lot of training, a good portion of those thousand rep- etitions will have to be done on your own.

Plan for the inevitable A reload becomes necessary when the sidearm is shot until empty, jams or fails to fire. If the release is bumped hard enough, even a full magazine may drop and nothing happens when you pull the trigger. You need to go into immediate action mode NOW. Amazingly enough, few officers who’ve been in real gunfights report hearing more than soft ‘pops’ when they fire. This is known as tempting at first to push the magazine release and then reaching for auditory exclusion and is a self-protection with the weak hand, but with a little practice, the spare. Magazines mechanism. The brain disconnects parts of the it soon becomes natural to punch the button can stick and this is a ear to protect against permanent hearing dam- using only the thumb (if right handed) or the good practice, even if age in extremely life-threatening situations. trigger finger (if left handed.) you know yours al- People who’ve survived serious car New shooters become concerned that their ways drop free. wrecks often report hearing only a series of thumb doesn’t comfortably reach the magazine Once the weak hard bangs, but not the noise bystanders, even release while in a shooting grip. This is not unu- hand has retrieved a those blocks away, say sounded “more like sual, as it would take some pretty monster hands fresh magazine, it an explosion.” This means you’ll never be to do so. It’s placed there purposely so you don’t only has to move a lit- able to count rounds during a gunfight; a re- inadvertently depress it while shooting. While tle to reach the well. load can be prepared for, but not planned. the shooting hand lowers the handgun toward The best single tip I Reloads can be done with the slide locked the waist level, it should also rotate slightly on can offer is to index back or forward. A slide-forward reload is used the grip, allowing the thumb to come into good the forefinger up the to top-up a pistol during a momentary pause contact with the button (photo 1). front of the magazine, or if there’s good cover. A slide-back reload is Left-handed officers often find it easier to with the tip almost necessary when the handgun is shot ‘dry.’ depress the magazine button with their trigger touching the nose of In competition shooting, a locked back finger because they don’t have to shift their the first cartridge. slide is considered a sign of poor planning, but hand on the grip as much as right-handed of- This helps steer the it should form the bulk of your practice. ficers. They also always have their finger out magazine into the Terminology may differ among agencies, of the trigger guard while reloading, while us well and reduces the but I consider there to be four types of reloads: right-handers have to be yelled at a few hun- reload time substan- speed, tactical, top-up and disabled. dred times before we remember. tially (photo 2). On the other The pistol should Speed and tactical reloads hand, left-handed of- be canted slightly at A speed reload is done when there’s an ficers need to be upper waist level and immediate need for a fresh magazine; a tacti- much more conscious the magazine simply cal reload is a speed reload done after moving of the exposed maga- follows the direction behind cover or kneeling. It’s always a good zine release on the in which your finger is pointed (photo 3). With idea to add use of cover to your practice ses- outside of their hol- a little practice, this step can be performed sions by ducking to the side behind a barrier ster, and soon get into without taking your eyes off the threat. or dropping to a kneeling position. the habit of tugging Once the magazine enters the well, the This reload begins on recognizing, either the bottom of the palm is perfectly placed to follow through by through pulling the trigger with no result or a magazine on a regular basis to be sure it is still slamming the base into the frame (photo 4). sudden change in the sidearm’s balance, that seated, especially after bumping into some- This is not the time to be tentative; I have seen the slide is locked to the rear. It should be per- thing or when getting in or out of a vehicle. many a shooter fire only one round following formed from waist level, allowing you to keep Reach for a spare with your weak hand a too-gentle reload and then experience a sud- your eyes on the threat, so the first step is to while punching out the old magazine with your den failure-to-fire because the magazine was lower the sidearm while depressing the maga- strong hand. Some agencies teach using the not seated all the way. zine release with the shooting hand. It may be weak hand to tug out the old magazine first Once the magazine is seated after a slide-

Blue Line Magazine 18 MAY 2005 back reload, the slide trigger finger (if right handed) or the thumb (if Practice makes perfect must be pulled left handed). The slide is already locked back, Practice disabled reloads once or twice just slightly to the rear to so the pistol can be placed anywhere that holds to prove they work. Speed and tactical reloads release the stop and it firm and leaves the empty magazine well ex- should be practiced as often as other basic then be allowed to posed – into a belt or backwards in the holster, skills; we’re attempting to reach one thousand slam forward. While for example (photo 7). repetitions for this to be an automatic response. some makes of pistols The good hand pulls out a fresh mag, You would think 16 or 18 rounds in the modern semi-auto would be plenty, but hav- have large stops, al- slams it into the well, tugs the pistol out and ing rounds to waste can sometimes mean ex- lowing them to be chambers the first round by pushing the slide actly that. Each needs to count and it takes pushed down to drop against a hard corner of a belt or boot, for practice to ensure a fresh magazine is only sec- the slide, I never rec- example, or brushes the slide hard against onds away if they don’t solve the problem. ommend this because your leg. It’s not fast and certainly not pretty The key is to slow down a bit on your re- a loss of fine motor but CAN be done. load, work on all the details and remember, it skills in life-threaten- Disabled reloads should only be practiced is not practice that makes perfect; it’s PER- ing situations may after proper instruction and with direct super- FECT practice that makes perfect. suddenly leave you vision. The gun will be pointed toward places Dave Brown is Blue Line’s tactical firearms editor – without any feeling in it’s not normally pointed, and there’s a chance e-mail [email protected] to reach him. the fingers or able to of ripping clothes or cuts from the sights. push down the slide stop lever. The best method is to use an overhand grasp on the back of the slide and tug straight back (photo 5). This minimizes fine motor skills and the need for any finger feeling. You simply grasp the slide, pull straight back and then let go. Be careful not to let the hand follow the slide forward – let the recoil spring do the work. The handgun is designed to chamber the round us- ing its force and any attempt to ‘help’ it merely reduces the force and can lead to jams.

Top-up reload This is completed with the slide forward and done if action pauses and you want to re- place a partially depleted magazine with a fresh one, saving the partial for possible future use. Often referred to as an ‘exchange-and-save,’ though some agencies call it a tactical reload. The first step is to get behind cover and then FIRST remove the fresh magazine from the pouch. Clamp it in the weak hand be- tween two fingers, then use your weak hand to grasp the bottom of the partial magazine between two other fingers and depress the magazine release. Because the forefinger is not indexed up the front of the magazine like the speed re- load, it can be difficult to steer the full maga- zine into the well. To accomplish this smoothly, simply lift the gun off the top of the partial magazine and then lower it onto the full one (photo 6), putting the partial clip in a conven- ient pocket for possible future use – NEVER back in the magazine pouch.

The disabled reload The one-handed reload is among the most difficult to practice. Do it slowly and carefully; it MUST be done only after proper instruction, with a high regard for muzzle direction and trigger finger discipline. This skill doesn’t need a thousand repeti- tions. Once or twice is likely enough to condi- tion acceptance that a serious, arm disabling injury will NOT prevent you from respond- ing, which reinforces the survival mentality. If the handgun runs dry while using only the weak-hand, depress the release with the

Blue Line Magazine 19 MAY 2005 Detaining and searching fleeing passenger lawful by Mike Novakowski ficer had reasonable grounds to detain him when The second prong of the test requires he fled after the driver tried to elude police. “measuring of the circumstances of the deten- A passenger fleeing a The judge held the officer would have ig- tion against the practical requirements of the traffic stop is an important nored his duty to prevent crime and protect officer’s performance of his duties.” factor in assessing whether property if he hadn’t chased him, and the hand- Reasonable grounds to detain reasonable grounds to de- cuffing, removal and safety search were all Police intended to conduct a traffic stop to tain exists, Nova Scotia’s proportionate to the officer’s duties and justi- check general compliance, which is lawful top court has ruled. fiable. Furthermore, the pat down search under s.83(1) of the province’s motor vehicle In R. v. Cooper, 2005 wasn’t unreasonable under s.8 of the Charter. act. When the vehicle fled, they had a reason- NSCA 47, police tried to As such, there was no reason to resort to the able basis to conclude that there had been an stop a vehicle to check exclusionary provision of s.24(2). offence under s.83 – resisting a traffic stop. As compliance with Nova Cooper appealed to the Nova Scotia Court well, police were lawfully executing their du- Scotia’s motor vehicle act of Appeal, arguing there was no basis for the ties and justifiably concluded that an offence when it sped off and made investigative detention. He submitted that only under s.129 of the Criminal Code – resisting a several hard turns to evade of- the driver could be implicated in resisting the peace officer – had also been committed. ficers. The occupants bailed out as it travelled traffic stop; as a passenger, he wasn’t con- Justice Fichaud noted Cooper was merely down a dead end street, bailed and fled on foot. nected. Since there was no basis for his deten- a passenger who did not press the accelerator Cooper ignored commands to stop, fled tion, he contended the trial judge erred in hold- nor steer while the vehicle evaded police. If and hid in an apartment building foyer. A pur- ing there were no Charter breaches. The only the driver had fled and Cooper had done suing officer found, handcuffed and walked breaches could result in excluding evidence – nothing implicative, there would have been no him out into the presence of other officers for the knife and the false information he provided. reasonable grounds to detain him. However, safety. A protective safety search turned up a Justice Fichaud, authoring the unanimous he opened the car door, bailed out and ran butterfly knife in his pocket. Cooper gave a judgement, dismissed the appeal. He first rec- through backyards to elude police. His con- false name and was charged with numerous ognized that there is no general power of in- duct provided officers with “an objective ba- weapons and other offences. vestigative detention, but rather a limited one. sis to suspect (he) was connected or implicated Cooper was convicted in provincial court A common law investigative detention in- in what the police reasonably believed to be of possessing a weapon for a dangerous pur- volves a two prong test; first, police must have an offence of resisting a signalled traffic stop.” pose and public mischief. The trial judge, rely- reasonable grounds to detain the individual – As Fichaud noted, “this is not a case of ing on the Supreme Court of Canada’s judg- this requires more than a hunch, but less than police using a general power of detention to ment in R. v. Mann, 2004 SCC 52, ruled that his reasonable grounds to justify an arrest. There satisfy their curiosity.” Charter rights had not been violated. She found must be a clear nexus, or connection, between his detention wasn’t arbitrary because the of- the detainee and a recent or current offence. Proportionality Police duties include preserving the peace, preventing crime and protecting life and prop- erty and the officer’s pursuit and detention were within the scope of these duties. Moreo- ver, based on Cooper’s conduct, it was pru- dent for the officer to handcuff him, prevent- ing his further flight. It was also prudent for the lone officer to remove Cooper from the apartment foyer into the presence of other of- ficers before dealing further with him. The search A non-consentual, warrantless search is prima facie unreasonable unless the Crown can rebut this presumption by demonstrating it was authorized by a reasonable law and carried out in a reasonable manner. At common law, a search can be conducted incident to a lawful investigative detention if it is conducted for officer safety reasons – not to locate evidence. The trial judge did not err in ruling that the search which located the butterfly knife in Cooper’s pocket was genuinely a protective search – the officer testified he was searching for officer safety. In Fichaud’s view, “the frisk of (Cooper) and seizure of a prohibited weapon clearly is within the police entitlement to ‘go about their work secure in the knowledge that risks are minimized to the greatest extent pos- sible.’” The search was lawful as an incident to detention and did not violate s.8. The false name Cooper gave did not fol- low any breaches under s.8 or 9 of the Char- ter, therefore there was no basis for excluding this evidence. The appeal was dismissed. Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for the complete case. E-mail [email protected] to reach Mike Novakowski.

Blue Line Magazine 20 MAY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 21 MAY 2005 Properly packaging the news Well-written news releases, fact sheets and backgrounders set the stage by Mark Giles mation to properly cover the story. Adding a backgrounder can save media- Experienced law enforcement officers relations staff or other spokespersons consid- know that a well-written report is often the first erable time in explaining facts, organizational step in explaining enforcement actions to sen- structures, systems and other information rel- ior management, professional- standards units evant to the story. With issues involving the and other stakeholders. With public and me- military justice system for example, especially dia relations, a well-written news release, joint investigations between military and ci- sometimes supplemented with a fact sheet or vilian police, a backgrounder can lay out the backgrounder (one-to-two page document pro- jurisdictions, roles and responsibilities of each viding background information) often sets the agency, and allows the reporter to ‘cut and stage for more favourable media coverage or paste’ information directly into the story. the effective management of an issue. The backgrounder allows you to provide Well-written news releases, fact sheets and information that is more detailed, without lim- backgrounders help the reporter do his or her iting the effectiveness of a short, succinct, well- job and can significantly reduce the workload written news release. Once the news release of the media-relations officer. Designed to pro- has caught the editor’s attention, providing the vide information to the media in a succinct, Key messages should be written into the most important facts and information, a standard and easy-to-read fashion, they can be text and sometimes a quote from a senior or backgrounder can provide further information useful, especially when used in conjunction other official is appropriate. The quote usually on your organization, other contributing law with some basic rules. contains the most important key message your enforcement agencies, relevant case histories, organization wishes to get across. Although etc. The backgrounder can exceed one page if News releases reporters write the story in their own words, needed, but should be well organized and an The news release lays out the basic infor- with a bit of luck and a busy reporter with a easy read. mation, to alert the media to a story your tight deadline, portions of the news release, Fact sheets are a form of backgrounder, agency believes is newsworthy. Starting with including quotes, are sometimes used as is – but generally contain a list of facts and figures the most important information first, the news especially with print media. relevant to the subject at hand. They work well release provides as much detail as possible in Contact information must be included with with news releases announcing equipment pur- a brief fashion, ideally not more than one-page a news release to allow reporters to clarify chases, detailed investigations or other activi- in length. details and get quotes for their story. Decide ties where accurate statistics or specifications A well-written news release is normally in advance who the spokesperson(s) will be, are necessary to cover the story. produced on appropriate agency letterhead, and whether media will contact them directly uses Canadian Press (CP) style, and includes or via the media-relations office. Balanced use a short, accurate title, supplemented by an at- The earlier in the day that a news release News releases should only be issued for tention-getting lead paragraph designed to is distributed, the better – for a couple of rea- stories or events you believe are newsworthy. cover the five W’s (who, what, where, when sons. Media organizations try to plan their ac- Sending out news releases for trivial arrests, and perhaps why) of the issue. A good lead is tivities in the morning. Although they are usu- charges or other events will reduce your abil- designed to capture the editor’s attention. The ally quite flexible, given the nature of the news ity to capture the media’s attention when you most important information goes in the lead business, sending out a news release late in really need it. Although this strategy is some- paragraph, generally 25 - 33 words in length, the day limits the time available to cover the times used by organizations trying to bury a followed by the next most important informa- story, and lessens the chance that your story negative story, it can reduce your credibility tion and so forth. If an editor needs to edit, he will get covered. with the media in the long term. or she should be able to cut information from Late-day releases are sometimes used for On the other hand, for large-scale arrests the bottom up. exactly this reason – as part of a strategy to or events that are sure to attract significant reduce the chances of media coverage, espe- media attention, a news release and cially with bad news that may tend to put the backgrounder alone may not be sufficient. In agency in a negative light. This is a risking these cases, consideration should be given to strategy though, as it can lead to the percep- holding a news briefing or conference to en- tion that your agency is being less than trans- sure that all important information is provided parent and, therefore, reduce your credibility to major media outlets at the same time. with the media. The practice of media relations is not an If circumstances do require a late-day re- exact science, but the application of some ba- lease, ensure that the contact information in- sic principles will increase the impact your cludes cellular phone numbers or other means organization’s news releases, backgrounders of contacting the spokesperson(s) after hours. and fact sheets have on the media, and ulti- Late-day releases without this information will mately the public. Ensure they’re well writ- only frustrate reporters and may result in inac- ten, issued in a timely fashion, and that well- curate coverage, highlighting other sources and prepared spokespersons are available for fol- their version of events, and references to your low-up media queries, and you will increase agency as being unavailable for comment. your credibility with the media and the chance that the positive aspects of the story will ap- Backgrounders and fact sheets pear in television, radio and print coverage. A backgrounder is used to supplement a news release and should provide relevant back- Captain Mark Giles is the communications director for the ground information to help a reporter write the Canadian Forces Provost Marshal, National Investigation story. They are not necessary in every case, Service and Canadian Military Police Association, based at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa. E-mail: but work well with more complex issues where [email protected] reporters are likely to need additional infor-

Blue Line Magazine 22 MAY 2005 Inquiry drops all 60 complaints against police Canadian evidence VANCOUVER (CP) - An “I find it very disturbing that this protest group pur- law in a nutshell RCMP investigation has posely chose to make these far-fetched accusations with cleared the Vancouver police little or no evidence to substantiate them.” (second edition) department of almost 60 Pivot produced a glossy magazine with sworn af- complaints, including al- fidavits from victims, but that doesn’t mean what they leged torture, kidnap- said was actually true, Graham said. Graham main- Written by: Professor R.J. Delisle ping and assault, the tained that while the department welcomes ci- Queen’s University city’s police chief vilian oversight, Pivot manipulated the sys- Published by: Thomson Carswell said at a press tem with its own political agenda. “More than Toronto, 2002 conference on a million dollars in costs were billed to the March 31. taxpayers and irreparable damage was done Reviewed by: Gilles Renaud An angry to the reputation of this department and the Jamie Graham morale of the fine men and women who serve slammed the group which launched the this city.” My recent book reviews probe, saying the Pivot Legal Society pressured Graham did point out that two investigations have focused on the Char- the RCMP to investigate alleged police misconduct be- revealed the department had some problems with ad- ter of Rights, search war- tween May 2001 and May 2003 by using slick tactics ministrative procedures, although he blamed a shortage rants, police investigations to draw media attention to its cause. of officers. The department is taking immediate steps to “They managed to leverage this coverage by deal with the issues, he said, adding the probe showed and, in light of the recent putting pressure on the Office of the Police Complaint that two officers searched a drug suspect’s knapsack enactment of the Youth Commissioner to force an investigation that would even- without sufficient grounds and that three officers sub- Criminal Justice Act, re- tually span 18 months and cost more than a million dol- mitted insufficient duty reports. storative justice for juve- lars,” Graham said. “On top of that, the Vancouver po- In two separate incidents, six officers didn’t follow niles. It would therefore be lice department spent an estimated $200,000 and three policy in handling people arrested on criminal breach of to four months doing its own probe of the ‘libelous and the peace, Graham said. Lack of compliance in notetaking of assistance now to draw slanderous’ charges.” and report writing was also a problem, he said. attention to the law of evidence, an always- Pivot, an activist group for drug addicts, prostitutes The department will create a focus group to address difficult area of police work. and the homeless in Vancouver’s gritty Downtown the issue and has asked the Office of the Police Complaint In this respect, I commend the second edi- Eastside, produced 56 sworn affidavits from people who Commissioner, administered by the RCMP, to participate. tion of Professor Ron Delisle’s excellent text, said they were illegally searched, arrested on insuffi- cient grounds and mishandled by police. Canadian Evidence Law in a Nutshell. This fo- “The evidence simply does not exist to substanti- cused discussion is organized into six chapters, ate these alarming and irresponsible allegations,” beginning with “Basic concepts,” by way of Graham told a news conference. “Both the RCMP and “Manner of proof,” and concluding with “Ex- the Vancouver police investigators concluded there was cluding evidence for purposes other than truth.” not a single case of criminal activity by a Vancouver police officer, not one,” Graham said. The fundamental rules of the admission and re- jection of evidence are explored in great detail. There’s an excellent review of the rules governing the admissibility of testimony in chapter three. Delisle, the author of many books on evidence, procedure and criminal law and a former editor of Criminal Reports, of- fers the novice police witness an exhaustive road-map of the methods of advancing testi- mony, from using notes as a memory aid to the question of the possible means of impeach- ing evidence. The veteran police officer will draw much needed guidance on a number of thorny issues, including protecting complainants in sexual assault trials from inappropriate questioning and the mechanisms for substantiating prior identification by a witness at the police sta- tion or crime scene. The discussion on expert witnesses will also be of great assistance to police officers called by the prosecution to testify in areas such as accident reconstruction, criminal profiling and drug possession for the purpose of trafficking. Although this book wasn’t written for po- lice officers in particular, it contains up-to-date, practical and persuasive instruction on the law of evidence that all investigators should con- sult prior to testifying for the first time. It’s also valuable prior to testifying in any com- plex case involving anticipated challenges such as the use of notes and the introduction of real evidence such as photographs and documents. It’s a mistake to assume that it is the sole responsibility of the prosecutor to ensure that the rules of evidence are respected during courtroom testimony.

Blue Line Magazine 23 MAY 2005 Lenses - sex trade and the law Unintended outcomes of decriminalization and legalization by John K. McKay contacts. They are usually not isolated and thus when an assault, rape, or murder occurs, po- Every discussion about the sex trade has lice can gather information, protect the victim been based on the lens through which the trade and solve the crime. is viewed, coupled with the current notion that Crimes committed against sex workers are decriminalization or legalization offer the only difficult to solve because of the lack of family solution to the problems with this business. contact, few known friends and no employment Without a clear understanding of its many as- history, among other factors. The longer a per- pects and characteristics, clarity is not possi- son is in the trade, the greater the isolation. ble; the unintended outcomes of moving to- Children are also isolated because they wards decriminalization or legalization must often possess false identification which indi- be considered. cates they are adults. They can also be influ- Homeowners who encounter the trade in enced by a pimp who romanticizes the life- their neighbourhood balk at the needles, used style and makes it appealing to a child already condoms and noise. Business people decry the going through issues at home. negative effect on their trade. Advocacy groups condemn the criminalization of sex workers. Effects of prohibition People who aren’t affected point to its legali- While prostitution itself is not illegal, com- zation in Europe and call for red light districts. municating for its purposes is, as is keeping a Health and addiction groups push for harm common bawdy house, etc. These laws are reduction and, in doing so, promote viewed as repressive against sex workers try- decriminalization. ing to earn money for food and shelter, but also Poverty action groups tend to focus on the care; by addiction and poverty; by pimps and as a necessity to maintain public order by street-level trade because it’s populated by drug dealers, who use violence and intimida- bringing offenders to court. people who need food and shelter. The femi- tion to control them. The off-street trade are One of the often forgotten aspects of a pro- nist lens sees women who cater to the needs of isolated by members of organized crime, who hibitive law is that it enables police to intervene men and discourages them from attending use every means to control and traffic women, in a direct way with a subculture that is ex- feminist meetings because they may be seen and by large corporations which make pornog- tremely isolated and victimized. Police interven- as the enemy. The sex trade is seen as immoral raphy, who keep them in a lifestyle that alien- tion is important because they are primary re- through the moral lens. ates friends and family. sponders for people who need assistance. In the case of police, the lens is complaint The sex trade is extremely violent and Believe it or not, police and sex workers and enforcement driven. Canadian and US workers do not report even the most horren- have common ground – predators who rape, police agencies have pushed sex workers out dous crimes committed against them. This is rob and murder sex workers; clients, pimps or of residential areas into day-populated, indus- because pimps and drug dealers pressure drug dealers, for example. For the street-level trial areas. This hasn’t made them more safe women not to report crimes to police and po- worker, only the police are on the street in the and has historically done little to protect the lice have been traditionally engaged in com- middle of the night and will summon medical community from the trade’s negative aspects. plaint-driven enforcement against sex work- aid, make referrals to an advocacy group and ers. Crimes police do learn about are detected conduct follow up investigations. Unique characteristic during unrelated investigations or by third In the case of a homicide, police records Isolation differentiates this trade from any party reporting. will likely be used to identify a deceased sex other workplace. No aspect should be dis- While the isolation factors of violence, worker. Recent contacts of the deceased and cussed or decision made without a clear un- addiction and poverty are still present, isola- known associates and addresses will provide derstanding of how this factor, which has never tion caused by organized crime is much more investigators with leads – records which are been broached by the pro-legalization or prevalent. Organized crime groups already traf- available because the worker breached the law decriminalization camps, affects this business. fic in women here and do so with impunity in in some respect and was checked, identified Sex workers are isolated at every level – Europe and Asia. A victim in a traditional and or arrested. They wouldn’t be available if from their families, because they have either workplace can be traced through employment, the trade is decriminalized; police don’t rou- been disowned or hide the truth from those who family, last known whereabouts, friends and tinely check workers in legalized work places.

Blue Line Magazine 24 MAY 2005 The law as it now stands, in conjunction with ject and do not include the unintended out- with a community that is defined by isolation. the courts, provides police with a method to get comes of decriminalization or continued out- Ultimately, a law must be created that sex workers off the street and into treatment or comes of the current status. Seeing the issue protects the community and enables police social and legal programs. In other words, the clearly is only possible by rising above this to directly intervene and protect sex work- law as it now stands offers protection because level of understanding. ers from predators. Let us not rush in to a direct intervention through criminal investigation All possible outcomes of maintaining the course of action before seriously consider- is possible. The current laws are not seen by all status quo, decriminalization and legalization ing all the outcomes. sex workers as completely repressive. “On bal- must be understood. Rather than Vancouver Police Department Insp. John McKay is in ance, do you want a criminal record or do you decriminalization, perhaps the laws need to be charge of Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside, known as want to be dead?” asked one. reworked to achieve a balance between pro- Canada’s poorest community. He’s the 2004 winner of the The law gives police reason to identify, tection and enforcement with this unique com- International Award from Women and Cities for develop- investigate and ultimately protect sex workers munity. Without law that prohibits some types ing an innovative program to keep sex workers safe. He can be reached at [email protected]. who don’t have the normal contacts of family, of behaviour, police cannot intervene directly a safe job and recent and reliable contacts. Police presence and lawful intervention can reduce isolation and thus provide a better bal- ance of protection and enforcement. WINNIPEG — A videotaped police state- of several recent cases which were dismissed ment by Erron Hogg, whose aggravated as- in court when this didn’t happen. Unintended outcomes sault conviction sparked debate over condi- “Real officer safety issues could flow from The outcomes with the current legal status tional sentences cannot be broadcast, a Mani- the broadcast of videotapes that include images and what various advocacy groups tell us will toba judge ruled. of the interrogator,” the judge said. “Cynical be the intended outcomes of decriminalization CTV’s request to broadcast the taped state- police officers could use the potential broad- are known. The first unintended outcome of ment as part of a national report was turned cast of the videotape as a tool to divert suspects decriminalization will be organized crime and down by Justice John Scurfield of Court of from the videotaping process. “Last but not least, big business obtaining a stranglehold on the Queen’s Bench because it is in violation of there is the natural reticence of some suspects people involved. Organized crime already runs the man’s privacy rights. to have statements depicting shameful moments the off-street sex trade – outcall services and In a case of mistaken identity, Hogg, back in their lives broadcast on television.” massage parlours – and large entertainment in 2001, hit Michael Marasco over the head In his findings, Scurfield said it was the conglomerates control pornography. Organized with a car club that left the man with perma- first time in Canada where this issue has come crime and big business will control every as- nent brain damage. In the taped interview, before the courts. pect of the sex trade. Hogg describes how he hunted down and vi- The second unintended outcome will be ciously assaulted the innocent victim. *** increased isolation. Rapes, murders and as- Scurfield had handed Hogg a conditional OTTAWA — Federal officials seized more than saults already caused by isolation will only sentence of two years less a day which allowed four thousand items from international mail over increase. Most complaints are already made him to remain free in the community. Last year five years, according to a newly obtained re- by third parties or by police investigations of however, the sentence was overturned by the port from Citizenship and Immigration Canada. unrelated events. No agency will be able to Manitoba Court of Appeal and was replaced The document says 4,116 seizures took place intervene in abusive situations or know where with a four-year prison term. from 1995 to 2000, with figures being compiled to start a murder investigation in a completely “Broadcasting technology has the power to from databases kept by intelligence sections in isolated workplace run by fear and fuelled by dramatically magnify the invasion of Mr. Hogg’s Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto and Montreal. addiction and poverty, where no law exists to privacy,” Scurfield wrote in his decision. “It will Among the items seized were fake pass- control it. In some cases, there will be legal- project his voice into the living room of his ports, document forgery tools and fraudulent ized slavery of women. friends, acquaintances and neighbours in a man- credit cards with reportedly many of them com- A third unintended outcome is that free ner that is exponentially different from the cov- ing from China. trade in the business will not occur. The per- erage that followed his sentencing.” Federal legislation allows authorities to son who wants to run their own place of busi- Hogg argued that other criminal suspects pluck items from international mail and cou- ness will be taken over by big business or or- might be dissuaded from giving statements rier streams that may be used to forge docu- ganized crime. or confessions on video, if it was known the ments or bypass immigration rules. footage had the potential to be broadcasted The information was recently obtained by Before we end the debate in this manner. Vancouver immigration lawyer Richard The pro-decriminalization and prohibition Scurfield accepted the argument, noting Kurland, who had requested the report and groups have loudly presented their arguments, Manitoba judges have put increased pressure other relating documents three years ago, un- which are based on their own views of the sub- on police to videotape all statements because der the Access to Information Act.

Blue Line Magazine 25 MAY 2005 Making your opinion matter in court How police officers can become qualified as ‘drug experts’ by Wayne K Jeffery, Stephen G. Price & Darrel Gyorfi production or manufacturing outline/grow schedules and, where possible, relate to spe- Those called to give expert or opinion tes- cific photographs to demonstrate your point. timony in court must be impartial – and always seen to be impartial. Although usually called Testifying in court by the Crown, their expertise is also available Always bear in mind that your attendance to the defence. An expert is like a hired-gun in as an independent expert separates you from a ‘B’ western – their opinion is based on pro- the investigators; you should always be pre- fessional, scientific and observable facts which pared to consider and comment on defense don’t change and aren’t affected by the party theories. Be prepared to either adjust or de- which calls them to court. An expert does not fend your opinion in the face of spirited ques- choose who their opinion harms or helps. tioning by a defense motivated counsel. You In the courtroom context, an expert is a must know the case and evidence very well; if witness who has acquired special or particular you are not sure of something, research it be- knowledge about a specific area through study, fore appearing in court. experience, reviewing scientific works and/or Always appear professional – it is not practical observation. They are allowed to give enough to come to court prepared to explain, an opinion in court about evidence – the speed ing or assist in presenting a seminar or work- defend or justify your opinion; you must also of a vehicle, for example, or the physical con- shop – and list it on your CV. show respect for the court and the process. dition of an individual who may have been Seek out and read or review any scientific One of the toughest problems police wit- impaired. or professional literature that has some bear- nesses or experts face is how to respond to A drug expert seeks to be qualified to state ing on your chosen fields – and don’t limit questions that you don’t know the answer to. their opinion in relation to one or more of the yourself to ‘police professional’ articles. In- The question is often asked in a manner that following issues: clude counter culture articles and magazines clearly implies you should know the answer, • Personal use or possession for the purpose and don’t forget or ignore the Internet (bear- but no one can know everything. You must be of trafficking ing in mind the reliability or lack thereof). Par- prepared to say “I don’t know.” • Prices and packaging ticular articles that you believe to be relevant Here’s a few simple rules for expert wit- • Methods of use should be copied and held for reference as you nesses: • Trafficking methods continuously read, search and update your • Crown should identify you as the expert to be • Production and importing methods knowledge base. called in the case and request the court allow • Structure of organized crime groups Preparing an expert opinion report (will-say) you to sit in and listen to the evidence pro- • Criminal financial structure Bear in mind that, while we and the courts vided by the investigators. Ensure that your • Money laundering methods call it a ‘will-say,’ the term is not a truly appro- opinion is supported by the admitted evidence Once an expert has obtained the required priate description. A will say is a factual descrip- • Crown counsel has a limited ability to lead experience and specialized knowledge from tion of an investigators’ observations or involve- or induce you to answer. In that situation, courses, training and working in the field, they ment, but what you are really preparing is a state- you should begin your evidence with an ex- prepare a curriculum vitae (CV), which coun- ment of your opinion and its basis. planation and flow seamlessly into present- sel reviews to determine if, and to what ex- The fundamental step is to lay out a basis ing your opinion tent, to accept or challenge their opinion. The for your opinion – the facts you rely upon. This • Keep your opinion within your experience CV is the story of your life – knowledge and simple statement should list any and all cir- • Keep the answers reasonably short to allow experience relevant to the area of expertise cumstances, facts, documents and exhibits that the Crown to gently direct you. Crown coun- under consideration. It sets out education, train- you have had or sought access to. Your opin- sel is making an entire case and may rein- ing and experience and includes a statement ion must be based on admissible evidence that force other elements not adequately ex- as to the final level of formal education, an will be presented, or that you expect to be pre- plained by the investigators outline of relevant court experience, articles sented, to the court. This will include: • Candidly explain your opinion and the facts published and training presentations given. • The report to Crown counsel (RTCC), includ- supporting it You normally begin with basic biographi- ing any statements made by the accused and • Keep your written opinion in front of you to cal data, work experience, postings and train- a review of investigator notes, including ob- ensure that you cover all elements ing. Our preferred method is to start with the servations of the accused and the circum- • You are interpreting the evidence based on oldest and move forward in time to show the stances of the arrest or search your experience and knowledge, not mak- growth in experience and training. • Exhibit reports ing the case An individual may be capable of being • Photographs of the exhibits and search • Never underestimate the ability of any coun- qualified in more than one area, and may have • Certificates of analysis sel to see the trees and miss the forest. En- several different forms of a CV, each aimed at If you met with the investigators or have sure you present your basic opinion early in a specific or limited area of expertise. A drug personal knowledge of some of the facts or your evidence expert, for example, would list operational un- defendants in question, this must be acknowl- • Listen to and ensure that you understand the dercover training, drug investigative techniques, edged. Your statement in a given case should question during cross examination or while drug recognition expert, clandestine lab inves- set out the specific facts, observations, exhib- defending your opinion. If you don’t un- tigators, surveillance proceeds of crime and hu- its, photographs or other items that have a spe- derstand or if there is more than one ques- man source (informant) management courses. cific bearing and directly impact your opin- tion, ask for an explanation or which ques- Ongoing seminars, lectures and workshops ion. You should briefly review any other ex- tion you should answer. Remember that you conducted or led by recognized subject matter hibits, information or items that have relevance are impartial experts and important work experience should to your opinion. Specifically note items that • If you understand the question, then answer also be listed if appropriate. These may deal could contradict your opinion and explain why it, not the question that you think should have with specific drugs or problems such as ‘dial- it still stands. been asked. Sometimes a stupid question de- a-dope’, grow-ops and clan-labs. Take advan- Also explain your interpretation of the ex- serves a stupid or direct answer tage of any opportunity to further your train- hibits and any documents, such as score sheets, • If there is a series of questions, don’t an-

Blue Line Magazine 26 MAY 2005 swer the next question in the sequence un- til it is asked • Don’t ramble. Once you have answered a I will be traveling up to Ontario in May, best option”), I’m confused about the news question, wait for the next. Don’t assume that Manitoba in August and British Columbia in excerpt from CP and the national post that’s because you would ask another question, two years. Although we have HR218 which someone else will or should included with the story. (the excerpt is about When possible, try to stay in court for the allows all active duty, qualified police officers the RCMP Commissioner retracting his state- decision and sentencing. It will provide you to carry their weapons coast to coast, I will ments about the grow-op link to the murders with an opportunity to hear the judge’s com- have to (and already have for May and August in Alberta.) ments regarding your evidence and his/her of this year) contact agencies near the Cana- Because your story is about correcting er- opinion of your presentation. It also indicates dian border in order to secure and leave my rors made by the media, why was this news to the court that you are interested in follow- firearm. As a Canadian native I will state that excerpt included with your story? The media ing the matter through to a conclusion. As well, it’s time Canada reviewed their laws regard- did not err in the reporting of this particular if there is a conviction, it will ensure that the ing handguns and law enforcement officers. story. But using it in your article suggests they court is aware that all parties are interested in The individuals manning the border (on your did. The story is about Zaccardelli saying he the outcome. The court’s opinion of your presentation side) need to be armed. Other agencies (On- was too quick to make the link. of evidence will become part of your experi- tario’s Ministry of Transportation officers on Perhaps the editors of Blue Line were re- ence and help you to better understand the patrol on the highways) need to be armed. sponsible for including this news excerpt with process. Consider this in future preparation and Officers need to be able to carry their weap- your story. presentations, but do not tailor your evidence ons off duty; just in case they happen upon Either way, I don’t think its inclusion was to some perceived ‘good’ or ‘proper’ result. one of those wonderful members of the com- appropriate. It only confuses your argument. The RCMP provides the necessary infor- munity they’ve had the pleasure of detaining. Otherwise, I enjoyed reading your article. mation and specific training for this type of This is the year 2005; times have changed. If Thanks, qualification as part of the “E” Division Drug we can trust an officer with his duty gun on — Name withheld Experts Course and in similar training within duty, we should be able to trust him with it off other divisions. It’s also offered by municipal police forces. duty as well. Just my 2 cents worth. Publisher’s Response Constable J. Allen, Yes indeed it dosen’t fit. Somehow when About the authors: Fire Marshal, we were laying out the publication we remem- Wayne K Jeffery; B.Sc .(Pharm), M.Sc (Pharm) is former section head, Toxicology Services at the RCMP’s Van- Irmo, South Carolina bered this clip was going to be included in the couver forensic laboratory and now a toxicology and drug magazine on another page. A far too quick a consultant. *** decision (by me) was made to include it with Sgt. Darrel V. Gyorfi works in the RCMP E Division hu- man source unit in Vancouver. Accompanying your story on correcting Mark Giles’ article that, as noted, says the op- Stephen G. Price; BA, LLB, is a standing agent for the media errors (“Important issues are worth fight- posite or at least is a poor example to the story. federal attorney general and a former constable with the ing for: Correcting media errors sometimes the Sorry for any confusion. RCMP K Division.

y

Blue Line Magazine 27 MAY 2005 Ontario police officers recognized for bravery The Ontario government has recognized Early on August 15, 10 police officers for bravery with the presen- 2003, Whitesell noticed tation of the 2003 and 2004 Ontario Medal for smoke coming from the Police Bravery. second floor of a resi- The award is the province’s highest hon- dential building while our in recognition of police officers whose on routine patrol. After actions demonstrate outstanding courage and calling for firefighters bravery in the line of duty. and more police, he en- “It’s a great honour to acknowledge the tered the building, with- bravery and courage of police officers... who out any protective cloth- put their lives at risk daily to keep our com- ing or breathing equip- munities safe,” Community Safety and Cor- ment, to warn the resi- rectional Services Minister Monte Kwinter dents. His heroic efforts said. “Ontario is a better place thanks to their Cst. Paul Hanton Cst. Ronald Deli Sgt. William Whitesell saved the lives of 11 Windsor Police Service dedication and heroism.” Toronto Police Service residents, including a An independent body of citizens represent- three-year-old child. No one was injured dur- ing all areas of Ontario determine recipients of In April 2003, the Toronto Police Service ing the blaze except Whitesell, who was treated the medal, which was created in 1975 and has Marine Unit was called to assist Peel Regional in hospital for smoke inhalation. been awarded to 164 Ontario police officers. Police with a capsized vessel at the mouth of the Credit River. Two police officers were 2004 Ontario Medal for Police Bravery recipients 2003 Ontario Medal for Police stranded on the vessel’s hull in very danger- Bravery recipients ous weather and lake conditions. Hanton and Deli proceeded with great professionalism and bravery in hazardous conditions to rescue their colleagues and tow their vessel. No one was injured thanks to their composure and coura- geous actions. O’Byrne was on patrol in October 2002 when a passing motor- ist advised him and his partner that a building was on fire. He re- quested assistance after Cst.Michael Macdonald Cst.Michael Simons arriving at the scene Cst. Randy Whittaker Cst. Douglas Cowell and then entered the In early June 2004, Chatham-Kent Police Service building to warn resi- MacDonald, Simons In March 2003, Whittaker and Cowell dents, first leading two and Piché responded to were advised by motorists that a serious head- out to safety and then a house fire. Working as on collision had just occurred. They unsuccess- re-entering to guide an- a team, they tried re- fully tried to extinguish the fire that was threat- Cst. David Allan O’Byrne other two to safety peatedly to find and res- Ontario Provincial through smoky halls ening to engulf both vehicles and used brute Police, cue two occupants. force to rescue a man and a woman trapped in Picton Detachment and intense heat. He Crawling on the floor the wreckage as the flames grew in intensity. made a third attempt to through intense heat and Despite the imminent risk of an explosion due enter the building but was kept out by heavy smoke, they managed to to leaking gasoline, they managed to pull the smoke. Sixteen residents were safely evacu- rescue one, while the occupants to safety, saving their lives. ated as a result of his heroism. other was rescued by the Kitchener Fire Depart- Cst.Mark Piché Waterloo Regional ment. The constables put Police their own lives at risk to save others. Cst. Christopher Garrett (posthumous award - medal presented to his widow, Denise Leblanc) On May 15, 2004, Garrett responded to a rob- bery call. The caller alleged that he had been robbed. Garrett sent other officers to look for the alleged thief, leaving him Cst. Garrett alone with the caller, Cobourg Police Service who then allegedly ambushed and fa- tally stabbed him. Although seriously wounded, Garrett was able to pursue his attacker. His ex- traordinarily heroic actions saved the lives of other police officers and citizens.

Blue Line Magazine 28 MAY 2005 Arming the bobbies The London Metropolitan Police’s firearms policy by Scott Villers rifles and Heckler and Koch G-3K rifles are also available for close containment. North American police officers have the Vehicles will deploy to any scene re- comfort of knowing they can defend them- quiring an armed police presence at divi- selves and the public from armed criminals sional level. There has been a marked in- and similar threats and quickly summon crease in deployments in the past few years, heavily armed tactical units to back them up. from 842 in 1997 to 13,394 in 2002. British police encounter similar •Specialist Firearms Teams, a SO-19 sub unit threats from armed criminals but most deployed to deal with hostage or siege situ- officers do not carry sidearms. The Lon- ations. The 50 members are divided into don Metropolitan Police offers one exam- teams of seven officers, each under the com- ple of how a normally unarmed British mand of a sergeant. They provide the most police service responds to criminal activ- specialist response to firearms incidents and ity involving firearms. are trained by the British Army’s Special Air Service. Historical background The Metropolitan Police have attempted Sir Robert Peel founded the Metropoli- 365 days a year. Each is crewed by three of- ficers armed with 9mm Glock pistols, which to maintain a balance between the traditional tan Police in 1829 and intended officers to be public view of British police officers as un- unarmed, however the service did purchase are the primary firearms of the service. Two MP-5 carbines are also carried in a sealed gun armed and the need to quickly deal with threats 50 flintlock pistols for situations which re- posed by armed criminals. quired guns. case in the rear of the vehicle – these are semi- automatic versions of the MP-5 machine gun, Firearms policy has evolved over the last The service remained without sidearms 40 years from a limited capability to respond to until 1884 when, following the murder of two the standard weapon of most North Ameri- can tactical units. threats to the current specialist structure, which unarmed police, it was decided officers in the can deal with armed criminals and terrorists. outer London divisions would be permitted to Special Branch Protection officers use a fully automatic, shortened version of the MP-5, This response to a dangerous problem is unique carry pistols on night patrol. This practice was but has shown to be a workable solution. discontinued in 1936, although pistols contin- but only with specific ministerial authority. The ued to he held at police stations, available for Remington 870 shotgun is used to deploy spe- cialist munitions and humanely destroy animals. Scott Villers has served with the Toronto Police Service deployment if required. since 2000. There were few incidents involving the SO-19 rifle section officers use Steer SSG sniper criminal use of firearms post war and this pe- riod is seen as a golden age for the service. Criminals murdered three unarmed detec- tives in 1966, which led to the evolution of modern day firearms policy for the Metropoli- tan Police. The first step was forming a fire- arms unit, known as D-11, which trained se- lected officers on the use of guns. The service saw a marked increase in crimes involving firearms by both criminals and terrorists through the 1970s and ’80s, and the policy evolved as the threats continued. The national Association of Chief Police Officer sets guidelines for deploying and us- ing firearms which must be followed by all British police services. Currently about 2,000 of the 30,000 Met- ropolitan Police officers are qualified to use firearms, and they are attached to specialist units which require deployment as part of their duties. The largest number (900) carry out VIP protection duties for diplomats and the royal family. The remaining armed officers are as- signed to airport security, criminal intelligence, serious and organised crime group and the service firearms unit, SO-19. SO-19 currently has 400 members and sup- ports front line divisional officers when they face threats from firearms. Armed support is offered in two forms: • Armed response vehicles, which were first introduced in 1991 to allow immediate re- sponse to firearms threats to the police and public. Up to 11 vehicles are deployed on the streets of London at any time, 24 hours a day,

Blue Line Magazine 29 MAY 2005 Newfoundland and Labrador remembers slain comrades by Danette Dooley or other law enforcement agencies across Canada,” he said. As a steady stream of somber The four slain Mounties were faced police officers walked in dou- young men in the prime of their lives, ble file up the middle isle of Mary he said, with so much hope and so Queen of Peace Church in St. John’s, many aspirations for the future. a voice of hope for the future rang out. “They were brothers, sons, hus- “Hi Daddy! Hi Daddy!” Leah bands, fathers and friends to so many Pomeroy, 4, called out, her small people. Only now, in tribute, would hand cupped as she stood on the pew they know how important their lives at the back of the church. The greet- and what they did were, in the lives of ing was directed to her father, RCMP so many Canadians, both near and far,” Cst. Wayne Pomeroy, who filed in he said, standing next to their portraits. with his comrades. Lynch thanked the people of New- Leah was among hundreds of men, foundland and Labrador for their woman and a handful of children who words of support, compassion, sympa- came to the church March 10 to pay thy and condolences, noting that over tribute to RCMP Csts. Peter Photo: Danette Dooley the days, months and years ahead, the Schiemann, Anthony Gordon, Lionide ultimate sacrifice these Mounties have Johnston and Brock Myrol, all gunned down and Labrador, were sent to the four slain made must not be forgotten. near Mayerthorpe, Alberta. Mounties’ families. “May God grant them and their families Twenty-eight-year old Gordon was the fa- RCMP Assistant Commissioner Gerry peace, knowing that we grieve with them.” ther of a young son and never lived to hear the Lynch’s tribute to the fallen was as emotional Retired Royal Newfoundland Constabu- first cry from his second baby, which wife Kim and passionate as Cst. Steve Conohan’s solo lary (RNC) staff sergeant Larry Peyton was is now carrying. performance of Morning Has Broken and Cst. among those present; his son, a young RCMP Leah signed her name in one of the four Kevin Corbett’s instrumental performance of constable serving in the Hanna, Alberta detach- books of condolences placed at the rear of the ‘The Last Post.’ ment, less than a four hour drive from filled-to-capacity church. It wasn’t on the dot- Although Mayerthorpe, Alberta is a long Mayerthorpe, attended the Edmonton service. ted line, like all the other signatures; instead, way from Newfoundland, noted Lynch, “they “When the news broke, Larry was at his she proudly printed LEAH and LUKE (her six- were part of us... detachment and I got a call from his wife month-old brother), just before the service be- “Mayerthorpe could have been a small telling me about it,” he recalls. “I made con- gan. The books, along with others placed in town anywhere in Canada and the members tact with him as soon as I could. Like every- RCMP detachments throughout Newfoundland killed could have been anyone of the RCMP one, he’s heartbroken but coping, knowing that this is a part of the profession. When you put on your uniform to serve and pro- tect, you come second and the people you look after come first.” Peyton says police officers throughout the country are grieving, regardless of the colour of their uniform. “A police officer is a police officer, it doesn’t matter what badge you wear or rank you are. A copper is a copper, that’s the bot- tom line.” Rev. Reg Frampton, who led the service and has been an RCMP chaplin for more than a decade, said one word summed up the tragic death. “Devastating. It’s been just devastating because they’re all like one big family and when something like this happens to a police officer, everybody feels very, very badly about it. It’s just like a member of your fam- ily is gone.” RNC Cst. Georgina Short, president of the Newfoundland and Labrador Police and Peace Officers’ Memorial Association, was also on hand for the service. “I believe in my heart that our loved ones are with us in spirit and I feel it comforts them to see us carrying on with our lives. We can- not know why some things happen, but we do know that love and beautiful memories outlast the pain of grief… I also believe it is accept- able to lean on others during difficult times. We will take this journey together.”

E-mail [email protected] to reach Danette Dooley.

Blue Line Magazine 30 MAY 2005 Five-year-old Murphy Smith, subpoenaed Gilliland, 53, was indicted by a Florida “Liquor-filled chocolates” was an excuse as a potential witness in a murder case, wasn’t grand jury in 2001 in an offshore investment offered by a Newfoundland man caught doing any talking to Arkansas prosecutors— scam and was free on $750,000 bail while drunk driving. albeit maybe a little barking. awaiting the start of his extradition hearing in Apparently, he ate too many of them. The prosecution sent out subpoenas to any- B.C. Supreme Court on May 2. The excuse wasn’t exactly bought by a one who had come into contact with Albert Brian told reporters he was among those judge, who sentenced 67-year-old Allen Smith, who is in jail awaiting his murder trial. caught in the $29-million fraud. “I befriended Bottomley, of King’s Cove, to six months What they didn’t realize was that “Murphy” him, I wanted to set him up and take him in jail. was in fact, the man’s dog. down,” Brian said. Faced with two separate DUI charges from The animal’s name was placed on the wit- Gilliland, a Sarnia Ont., native, had taken last year, Bottomley’s blood alcohol level was ness list after the defendant had written a let- his money and moved to Canada four years approximately twice the legal limit on both of ter to his dog from his cell. ago. He had an upscale, waterfront condo- those occasions, RCMP say. Prosecutors realized the mistake after the minium in Vancouver, fancy clothes and was Constable Tony Seaward says Bottomley defendant’s brother brought in “Murphy” to very wealthy. also had three previous convictions for im- answer the subpoena. Brian, was someone Gilliland confided in paired driving and his licence is now suspended Although prosecutor Robin Green was and told him about his ongoing investment for eight years. apologetic to the brother for the mix-up, she scams. He also told Brian he was working on a Seaward says it doesn’t matter how you thought the dog was friendly enough and plan to flee Canada and the extradition hearing consume alcohol, it’s still impaired driving. probably would have been a very coopera- and was audio taped mentioning destinations *** tive witness. such as Belize, Chile, Venezuela or Brazil. An erratic driver pulled over by deputies Albert Smith is accused of the shooting Nine months into their relationship, was in St. Charles County, Missouri was found death of his ex-wife’s boyfriend. when Brian suggested the two go for a ride, dressed as a frontiersman. have lunch and look at some real estate. *** The driver told them he was headed west “Basically I nicknamed him the king of the A South Carolina law requiring pot deal- to deliver blankets and supplies to the Indians. coupons because he loved two-for-one spe- ers to buy tax stamps has become a popular Upon searching the vehicle, Deputies cials. That was my inside.” trend for collectors. found an assault rifle with a fully loaded clip, Gilliland is facing a possible 10-year When the law was enacted a decade ago, handguns, ammunition and other weapons, prison sentence in Florida. In addition, a judge it was to enable authorities to prosecute drug along with a large amount of marijuana. approved a default lawsuit judgment against dealers as tax cheats. The driver was taken into custody and him for $17 million US last year. While dealers have stayed away, collec- faces drug and weapons charges. *** tors have been keen to buy the stamps, which shows a pot leaf and the image of the state with a circle and red stripe through it. A sticker costs three and a-half dollars, however, more expensive stamps are available that feature other illegal drugs. State officials say none have been sold. *** Ridding the streets of offenders can some- times be as easy as rolling down the window. Successfully completing a night of intoxi- cation in Guelph, Ontario, a 33-year-old Wa- terloo man staggered over to a police car, rapped on the window, and asked for a ride home. Having smelt the alcohol on his breath, police noticed a bag of marijuana dangling from his shirt pocket. Police obliged his request for a ride, di- recting their route to the local lock-up, where the man faces possession and breach of proba- tion charges. *** U.S. fugitive Fred Gilliland’s fever for bargains was his weak spot, says an investiga- tor who identified himself to reporters as “Brian.” The fugitive, dubbed the “king of cou- pons,” was duped by an undercover private investigator who convinced him to cross the border from Canada for a two-for-one lunch meal. The desination was just over the U.S. border in Point Roberts, Washington, where alerted U.S. Homeland Security agents were waiting to arrest him.

Blue Line Magazine 31 MAY 2005 Gaining momentum in fight to protect children by Ryan Siegmund there for citizens now.” CETS Police have been struggling to keep up with The Child Exploitation Tracking System and investigate the burgeoning amount of child (CETS), launched in April, fills a need for po- pornography and exploitation on the Internet. lice services to communicate nationally. It pro- The National Child Exploitation Coordi- vides law enforcement with the tools to stream- nation Centre (NCECC) in Ottawa is working line the management of large volumes of in- to help by offering investigators training, sug- vestigative information and to track individu- gesting policies and standards and providing als right across the country. technological tools to expedite investigations Toronto Police Service (TPS) Det/Sgt. Paul – a ‘one-stop-shop’ for information. Gillespie approached Strachan initially about Under the stewardship of the RCMP’s court. Topics covered included how to drop a the CETS idea, pointing out that it would only National Police Services, the NCECC has warrant, disassemble a computer, challenges be worthwhile in Toronto if other agencies used launched a score of new initiatives and docu- of the Internet, interview techniques, looking it and entered unique information, such as nick- mented the best practices of leading sex crime at images and how to estimate a child’s age. names or unique identifiers not found on CPIC units across Canada. Insp. Jennifer Strachan, The pilot course went extremely well, says or other police information systems. the officer in charge, says it became very clear Strachan, adding they will look to offer it at The new software, developed by Microsoft that the ‘massive amount’ of information in- least three or four times a year at the Canadian Canada, addresses the difficulty police have had vestigators were receiving made it very chal- Police College. in keeping up-to-date on individuals who move lenging to investigate these types of crimes. As part of the national training strategy, to other jurisdictions. These people’s files are the NCECC is also planning on offering a often lost or forgotten about, notes Strachan. Training course focusing on covert operations on the The NCECC built and paid for the CETS Winnipeg Police Service Det/Sgt. Duane Internet to help investigators understand issues infrastructure and has supplied and set up the Heintz, who’s worked in the Integrated Child like entrapment and how to conduct themselves systems in each of the jurisdictions which have Exploitation (ICE) unit for three years, says if they are posing as a child. units dedicated to this type of investigation. other Canadian agencies have allocated re- “I think we are up to 15-16 agencies (con- sources to fight child sex crimes and shared Integrating initiatives nected to CETS) and have another 10-12 that information since the NCECC began in 2004. Strachan has spearheaded the NCECC ini- are interested in getting it,” says Strachan. “If I have a target moved to another juris- tiative and helped to secure government fund- The Child Exploitation section of the To- diction, I now know who to go to, who I can ing. The centre began ramping up in April and ronto Police Service is really cutting edge, pass it off to within that jurisdiction and that it now has 22 employees sharing the workload she adds. will be investigated appropriately,” says on top of their regular duties. “Gillespie and his team figured ‘we have Heintz. “(This) as opposed to sending it out The centre is working on a centralized this big problem that’s been created by a and having it sit in somebody’s desk drawer image database that it hopes to have running number of different companies, (so) why don’t because they don’t know how to conduct the by the end of the summer. Strachan says po- we go ask them what they plan to do?’ He investigation.” lice across Canada are currently receiving im- (Gillespie) wrote Bill Gates himself and The NCECC is developing a program to ages but nobody is keeping a central database. thought outside the box on that one, which is train investigators in the field of child exploi- The centre is also forming a small team to do the nature of this business.” tation so they will understand what is required. image crime scene analysis. Heintz says his unit was forced to ‘fly by the “Right now we have a technician who is Virtual global taskforce seat of their pants’ until they learned what in- working with one of our police officers to take Stretching over three continents and pro- vestigative techniques would work. apart those crime scenes and images of chil- viding an international element to investigat- “So how do you learn your craft, your dren being sexually abused and try to deter- ing child exploitation, the Virtual Global stock and trade, and conduct these investiga- mine where that child can be. We want to make Taskforce (VGT), a partnership between po- tions with little or no background? It has been sure those images are shared with our interna- lice in Great Britain, Australia, the US and a lot of trial and error. I guess the other units tional partners, because we want to avoid du- Canada, began in January. Its first act was to across the country are lucky in that aspect be- plication of effort.” create a web site that aims to identify, locate cause they can now look at units like ourselves, Last October, the NCECC amalgamated and help at risk children and catch predators. the OPP or Toronto and can rely on us for dif- with National Missing Children’s Services Dubbed Operation PIN, the site appears ferent techniques or practices that we have used (NMCS), which Strachan also runs. She says to contain images of child abuse but in fact to successfully combat child exploitation.” this move was important because the Internet confronts browsers with an on-line law en- Strachan says there is a need to standard- is often used to lure missing children. forcement presence. ize the way investigations are done so cases The federal government recognized Child “The idea behind it is to show that we are aren’t investigated in different ways from prov- Find Manitoba’s cybertip.ca – a web portal for out there on the Internet currently and that we ince to province. reporting on-line sexual exploitation – in Janu- do gather that intelligence,” says Strachan, “It leads to bad case law,” she says. “(If) ary and expanded it into a national strategy. Canada’s lead rep on the VGT. “It was de- the OPP has a file that implicates a small town Members of the citizen tip line provide tips about signed as really more of a crime reduction ini- in Alberta, it is still important for that person potentially illegal material on the web. tiative, not necessarily as a way to go out and in Alberta to understand these types of files... The NCECC gets approximately 20 per arrest people.” the case could hinge on another department’s cent of its tips from cybertip and soon will be Intelligence gathered from PIN, however, ability to do these type of files. We are just getting access to its database, a crucial step in can still support warrants that are not easy to trying to make it easier for the front line peo- linking Canadian and international targets to obtain, she notes. Those who access the site ple, where they can come to us and say ‘do ensure there is no duplication of efforts. will have their information passed on to inter- you have a standard warrant template?’ or “There can be more than one tip in rela- national law enforcement agencies. ‘what is your advice on what to ask for on re- tion to one single incident and Cybertip defi- “The types of people who are seeking to lease conditions?’, etc.” nitely sees the importance in it,” says Strachan. abuse children on the Internet use this world Earlier this year, the NCECC held its first “Whether we will have to do a little bit of ex- to their advantage, so law enforcement needs specialized course for investigators – the first tra work to ensure we are not duplicating ef- to start doing that more as well.” in the world to follow an investigation from forts, that’s important too, but I think what’s The VGT group is also an opportunity to the moment a tip comes in to its resolution in really important is that there are options out build better working relationships with indus-

Blue Line Magazine 32 MAY 2005 try partners, says Strachan, adding the poten- tial is there for them to not cooperate with Canadian police. Community Policing Award call for entries “If none of us have a good working rela- tionship, then I think taking it to a global level The International Association of Chiefs of Police worldwide. To date, 35 agencies have been honored as (IACP) is calling for entries for its 2005 Community Policing winners and 68 have been honored as finalists from five puts more impact on that issue. Companies like Award, which will be presented at the IACP annual countries. Last year, for the first time, three Visa and Canon – they have a role to play here conference in Miami, Florida in September. agencies were recognized for their as well.” Entries will be accepted until achievements around homeland security- Other countries have expressed interest in June 1, 2005. related community policing. Again this year, joining the task force, a partnership that “The winning agencies will demonstrate the committee encourages agencies with successfully that community policing is homeland security-related community policing Strachan says shares best practices and advice proactive and effective and requires initiatives to submit entries. among members. community problem solving,” said Gary Law enforcement agencies and citizens Kempker, chairman of the IACP’s Community are eligible to nominate candidates in five Trying to catch-up Policing Committee. “In today’s anti-terrorism categories — agencies serving the fewer than Canadian law enforcement was slow to environment, community policing is key to intelligence 20,000 residents; 20,001 to 50,000 residents; 50,001 to gathering and securing our communities.” 100,000 residents; 100,001 to 250,000 residents; and realize that it needed to investigate and deal The award, sponsored by ITT Industries Night Vision more than 250,000 residents. with child exploitation on the Internet, says (ITT), was developed to recognize outstanding community Visit www.theiacp.org for more information or to Heintz, noting it’s now playing catch-up with policing initiatives by law enforcement agencies make a nomination. parts of Europe, the UK and the US. Canadian agencies, however, are well ahead of where they were three years ago when NCECC be- gan, he adds, when most agencies didn’t have specialized child exploitation units. Heintz says he speaks to the NCECC on a regular basis because all investigations started internationally go through the centre and fil- ter down through them. With an increasing number of calls, “re- spected police services have realized that this problem isn’t going away and, as a matter of fact, is getting bigger,” he says. “We need to dedicate resources to it.” That notion has been easier said than done for some jurisdictions. The Edmonton Police Service and Alberta RCMP have been push- ing for an Internet child exploitation unit simi- lar to the one Winnipeg Police have, saying they just don’t have the people to follow up on some cases. Winnipeg’s ICE unit is one of the largest of its kind; some Canadian police agencies have just one person to investigate exploita- tion cases, Heintz notes. “We have been lucky in our jurisdiction, where they realize (that) if children are out there being sexually abused or sexually ex- ploited, we need to dedicate the resources to it... what is more important than the protection of children?” says Heintz. Strachan says the Canadian policing com- munity must harness and share information so that those who know less about one area can learn from another agency’s expertise. “These types of investigations are critical to have,” says Strachan. “(You need) some form of integration, whether it be a virtual level or an in-person level, because it is a unique type of crime where you rarely have your sus- pect, victims or multiple suspects residing in the same province, municipality or country.” The world is a much smaller place be- cause of the Internet, she notes, so the style of policing has to change to effectively com- bat the problem. “Often we get multi suspect files... so if we get a tip here, although I say it is one tip, it could implicate three different provinces, with ten different people. Until you start working on that cross border level, you will never re- ally get your hands on all of the intelligence that you could... and get your warrant.” Insp. Jennifer Strachan can be reached at [email protected] or 613-990-8399.

Blue Line Magazine 33 MAY 2005 The child exploitation tracking system by Tom Rataj models that are based on relational proc- esses or concepts and studies the inter- Investigating and prosecuting indi- dependent relationships of individuals viduals who exploit children and make and the constraints on individual actions and distribute child pornography chal- created by these relationships. lenges most existing law enforcement This is particularly important in child investigative techniques. exploitation investigations because so Producing child pornography is many of the offenders behave in a simi- made much easier by the affordability, lar manner and engage in the same kinds availability and ease of use offered by of obsessive behaviours. current digital still and video photogra- Investigative aids built into CETS phy and the computer hardware and soft- include an online library and chat- ware required to process it. rooms where investigators can study The internationaal, borderless nature and exchange investigative techniques of the Internet also enables every man- and best practices. ner of distribution, allowing offenders Photo: Tom Rataj An automatic notification process to engage in their activities in complete has also been included so that an in- privacy and anonymity from anywhere they Over a period of several months about 100 vestigator in Canada will be automatically can take a computer and establish an Internet officers and numerous programmers and ana- notified that a fellow investigator anywhere connection. lysts from Microsoft Canada met and worked else in the world has queried an individual or This represents a significant challenge on establishing the basic functionality, struc- an item of interest in their investigation. to law enforcement and judicial authorities ture and scope of CETS. Geographic location information can play worldwide. Technology is constantly chang- Once an alpha version was produced, fur- an important part in investigations, so CETS ing and offenders are increasingly savvy in ther work was undertaken to gather best prac- includes the ability to interact with Microsoft’s the techniques they use to avoid detection tices and investigative ideas from investigators MapPoint electronic mapping products. and apprehension. worldwide. Meetings held in Toronto in early Automated search tools built into CETS Traditional law enforcement training and 2004 with two working groups included offi- are designed to not only query other CETS expertise, intelligence gathering and collabo- cials from Interpol, Europol, the UK’s National systems around the world, but to simultane- ration have proven to be somewhat ineffec- Crime Squad, Scotland Yard, Manchester Po- ously query a variety of publicly available, tive against Internet-based child exploitation lice Service, the FBI, the United States Depart- Internet-based information sources. and pornography. ment of Homeland Security, Department of Jus- CETS does not include any tools or proc- Investigations are generally lengthy and tice, various Internet crimes against children task esses to deal with images, although there are a often overwhelmed with large volumes of im- forces and 20 Canadian police services. number of products already available and un- ages and intelligence that is difficult and com- der development worldwide. A G8 panel is plex to organize. Offenders are often linked to By investigators currently working on an image-centric prod- an extensive network of other offenders all With the input of hundreds of the investi- uct that will complement the work of CETS. around the world. gators that will eventually be using CETS, Each CETS installation will be run by the Different child pornography laws and pen- much of its functionality captures their inves- law enforcement agency that has installed it and alties and the level of investigative effort tigative thought processes and analytical skills various levels of sharing between agencies will worldwide also add to the complexity of in- that they’ve developed and refined over time. be established through legal sharing agreements vestigations and prosecutions. International It provides tools to automatically collect, store, that can set various levels of sharing, depend- law enforcement collaboration and intelligence search, share and analyze the large volumes ing on the sensitivity of the investigation. sharing is a patchwork of individual agree- of information that are typically encountered ments and efforts. during these types of investigations. Version three CETS is built to comply with Structured With an investment of over $2 million by Ok e-mail to Bill Gates Query Language (SQL), which is a standard Microsoft, work on version three of CETS was As the officer in charge of the child ex- interactive programming language established completed in January, 2005. It was launched ploitation section of the Toronto Police Serv- for transferring information to and from com- at a news conference held at the Toronto ice’s Sex Crimes Unit, Detective Sergeant Paul puter databases. It also uses Microsoft’s Fairmont Royal York Hotel on April 7. Gillespie recognized all these challenges and SharePoint Services technology, which is a col- It is anticipated that, by the end of 2005, set out to do something about them. He e- lection of Windows Server software that ena- there will be more than 25 Canadian police mailed Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates in 2003, bles team-oriented collaboration and informa- services hooked up to and actively using CETS explaining the scope of the problem and state tion sharing applications. through the secure Canadian Police Network. of investigative tools and suggesting Microsoft It automatically handles data obtained from Ownership of the CETS software and pro- could help come up with a solution. seized computers, including information from gramming is shared equally between the To- Within one month, representatives of e-mail program address books, buddy lists from ronto Police Service and Microsoft Corpora- instant messaging programs, favourites or Microsoft Canada and the Toronto Police Serv- tion, with a commitment from Microsoft that ice Sex Crimes Unit met to discuss the needs bookmarks from Internet browsers and saved the product will remain free for use by all au- of the law enforcement community. addresses in file transfer protocol (FTP) pro- thorized police agencies. The hardware and Microsoft pledged to fully fund the devel- grams, among others. opment of software that would support an in- To help make sense out of the mountains related software required for CETS to func- telligence-led investigative process and enable of information collected, CETS also employs tion will be the responsibility of the individual national and international collaboration dur- Social Network Analysis (SNA) technology. agencies running the system. ing child exploitation and pornography inves- SNA assumes that there is an importance to Tom Rataj is Blue Line Magazine’s technology editor and tigations. The resulting product is the Child the relationships between individuals that in- he can be reached at [email protected] Exploitation Tracking System (CETS). teract with one another. It includes theories and

Blue Line Magazine 34 MAY 2005 Keeping a straight line Kids ‘n Kops mix education and fun with Miramichi Police

by Ryan Siegmund “We go walking around the community a different mind-set as to what their perspec- with a description (and) sure enough, we spot tive of police is.” School children from eight to 12 years old our fugitive and we get the police officer to go The program has touched at least 36 chil- are being welcomed at Miramichi, New Bruns- with them for the arrest,” says Bruce. “They dren over the last three years, Bruce says, add- wick’s police academy, but only for a week. each get a chance to go one-on-one with our ing some parents have told him how it changed Kids ‘n Kops, an educational camp run by suspect and try to interrogate him into confess- their children’s mindset and even prevented the Miramichi Police Service (MPS), aims to pro- ing to the crime. It’s videotaped so they get to them from heading down the wrong path. vide positive role models and build trust between review it and they tend to enjoy that.” “If you can affect one kid, your goal has children and police. Structured like a mini police A tour of a court house is also scheduled; been met,” he says, adding some definitely academy, the camp gives children a chance to a judge explains how the justice system works have a need for positive role models. see first hand what it’s like to be a police officer. and takes the children through the process of Big Brothers/Big Sisters don’t want the Offered in partnership with the local Big solving a crime right through to getting the MPS to stereotype a child so surnames are not Brothers and Big Sisters, the camp gives chil- person to court. The children even tour a lo- revealed when they enter the program. Some dren a new appreciation for police, says Sgt. cal prison to see what happens from a pun- of the children’s parents have had previous Bob Bruce, the coordinator. This is accom- ishment perspective. dealings with the police and they don’t want plished by having the kids put on the uniform “We also have had a lady from victims that to colour officer’s perceptions. and perform the duties of an officer. services talk to them about what it is like to “Some of these kids, you sort of wonder, Big Brothers/Big Sisters program directors have something stolen from you and what it’s for their young age – they have seen or expe- pick 12 children from their waiting list who like to be a victim of a crime... it just reinforces rienced too much.” need the influence of a positive role model. the message,” says Bruce. Two spaces at last year’s camp were re- “They may not be troubled kids but in a The camp ties in other emergency services; served for children of Miramichi officers. lot of cases they are kids who are from some EMS workers visit the children and give a pres- Bruce says this was done to give them a little of the family support structures,” says Bruce. entation on first aid and CPR and they also insight into what their parent does on the job. “We teach them respect for the uniform and tour the local fire department. Registration is limited to 12 children because respect for themselves. Every day we intro- More than 20 police officers volunteer with this age group requires a lot of individual at- duce a few new rules so its not just a fun camp Kids ‘n Cops over the course of the week and tention, he adds. but also a learning camp.” the program is also a learning experience for Bruce thinks so highly of the program that Following a swearing-in by the chief on them. Children are asked to fill out question- he hopes other police agencies or emergency the first day, the children’s education begins. naires on the first and last days to give organ- services will consider offering the camps. They experience the discipline of a police acad- izers some feedback. A graduation ceremony concludes the emy, take part in various drills and are walked “On the first day, they are saying they are week where the kids get badges. through the criminal justice process. scared of police and they think police sit around “They have to work all week to earn that but During the course of the week, a mock all the time and drink coffee,” says Bruce. “By it is rewarding to them at the end of the week,” crime scene is set up in which the children have the end of the week, they feel police officers Bruce says. “It is an educational program, but on to collect their own evidence to analyze. A are their friends and they are there to help them. the other hand, they are going to have fun.” volunteer student acts the part of a criminal, Some say its what they’d like to do in the fu- who leaves some clues behind for the young ture perhaps, and that they didn’t know of all For more information, contact Sgt. Bob Bruce at 506-623- officers to discover. the work that was involved. It really gives them 2124.

Blue Line Magazine 35 MAY 2005 Video enhancement Case management Prisoner transport software restraint

Signalscape introduces StarWitness Freeze Xanalys’ PowerCase Software, mandated for Frame, a user-friendly turn-key video foren- usage by all Ontario law enforcement agen- Stinger Systems’ Band-It, an electronic pris- sics workstation specifically designed for law cies, combines the most advanced investiga- oner restraint cuff, allows law enforcers to de- enforcement and security officers, allowing tion techniques. PowerCase allows investiga- liver an immobilizing shock if a prisoner at- them to decipher video evidence to solve tors to: collect information from multiple tempts to disarm or endanger anyone. The cases. StarWitness allows officers to solve sources, analyze and manage information, shock can be delivered by wireless remote up common video and still-frame problems share information across systems, and prove to 150 feet away. The Band-It emits 45,000 - quickly and easily. and validate arrests in court. 50,000 volts at 4-6 milliamps output. Cocaine ID swabs Tactical watch Concealable vest

5.11 Tactical Series’ HRT Tactical Watch with Second Chance’s Monarch Summit is certi- davTech’s NIK Cocaine ID Swabs, are indi- Hold-over Calculator, calculates the point of fied to meet both the NIJ 0101.04 ballistic vidually packaged 1" x 1.5" swabs that are sen- aim/point of impact by allowing the user to standard and the NIJ 0115.00 spike standard. sitive to trace amounts of residue. Unlimited input the variables necessary in determining Containing Araflex VI, the vest is made with shelf life assures these swabs will provide ac- elevation and wind adjustments. Punch in the 100% Twaron Microfilament Fibres, Kevlar curate, reliable results, when and where you variables and the watch will then display the Correctional materials and covered in Gore- need them. shooting solution. Tex Comfort Cool fabric pad covers. Emergency dispatch Right angle flashlight IP-based video network signs

RediAlert’s portable Rapid Dispatch Emer- GE’s Security business has a new SymSuite gency Signs (R.D.E.S.), communicates criti- IP solution, which lets users with analog sys- cal information in dangerous situations, and Pelican Product’s Little Ed right angle flash- tems create an IP-based video network while can be deployed in less than 5 minutes. The light is similar to Pelican’s Big Ed in design, continuing to use their exisiting analog equip- illuminated screen contains LEDs and is bun- but substantially smaller in size. The slender ment. Users can connect SymVeo IP platfrom dled with keyboard or optional wireless PDA. Xenoy body of Little Ed is lightweight and ef- cameras, SymDec digital video recorders, Folds into the size of a suitcase for transport. fortlessly clips to a turnout coat or shirt pocket. PCs and servers directly to the network.

Blue Line Magazine 36 MAY 2005 REGINA — Legislation to protect police, he thinks the public can rest a lot easier know- ing the police will never go on strike again in emergency workers, good samaritans and vic- May 4 – 6, 2005 tims of crime from potential infectious disease Nova Scotia. Ontario Women in Law Enforcement exposures will be introduced in the Saskatch- Since 1972, there have been 11 police Mississauga ON ewan legislature this spring. strikes in Nova Scotia with the last one occur- The annual O.W.L.E. Conference will take place at Aimed at alleviating fears of contracting dis- ring in Kentville back in 2001. the Stage West Hotel, 5400 Dixie Rd., Mississauga. ease, the law will set out a process compelling *** The banquet is May 6 at 6434 Dixie Rd. For registra- the source person to be tested confidentially. OTTAWA — Phase one of the federal gov- tion and information check www.owle.org. “This new legislation will help protect the ernment’s port-security strategy has been an- May 14 & 15, 2005 men and woman who protect us, by address- nounced, with $23.6 million being allocated ing the stress and uncertainty of not knowing Mixed Martial Arts Expo for 69 projects at marine installations across Metro Toronto Convention Centre whether they have contracted a fatal or debili- the country. THE martial arts and self-defense event of the year. tating disease,” Justice Minister Frank The events of September 11th prompted Sixteen 1,000 sq. ft. puzzle-mat training areas, each Quennell said. “We want to provide peace of the government to introduce several port se- assigned to a different martial art. Special seminars for mind to good Samaritans and victims of crime curity measures, in fear of terrorists using ships police and corrections officers on “Effective Use of as well.” to transport operatives or weapons such as dirty Force” (held in a separate area) delivered by top-notch Officers in Regina and across the province bombs. In an effort to help Canadian marine L.E.O. instructors and PPCT specialists. Information are pleased the government is going ahead with facilities modernize and strengthen security and registration at: www.MixedMartialArtsExpo.com the legislation, said Sgt. Christine Tell, presi- systems and programs, the government an- dent of the Regina Police Association. Intro- May 29 – June 2, 2005 nounced last year a three-year, 115 million pro- Canadian Assoc. of Police Educators Conf. 2005 ducing mandatory testing legislation has been gram for the cause. Atlantic Police Academy, Summerside, PEI something the Saskatchewan Federation of The government says the phase one initia- This year’s conference, “Bridging The Gap – The Fu- Police, the province’s firefighters and emer- tive stretches from British Columbia to Atlantic ture To E-Learning” will provide hands-on training from gency medical services personnel have been Canada, Quebec and the Great Lakes. Port au- the basics to the development of a finished product lobbying for in recent years, she said. thorities of Vancouver and Montreal will receive demonstrating the benefits, potential and cost effec- Tell said police officers have no way of $8.1 million and $3.1 million respectively. tiveness of E-Learning. For more information please predicting or protecting themselves against The program is aimed at creating security call 902-888-6704 or visit www.cpc.gc.ca/cape.htm people spitting or biting and putting them at operations centres, boosting the presence of the December 5 – 9, 2005 risk of potentially contracting an infectious military, coast guard and the RCMP, modern- disease. She said the mandatory blood tests will Fraud Conference izing communications and increasing co-op- Toronto Marriott Eaton Centre help alleviate the fear and apprehension of eration with U.S. authorities. Hosted by the Toronto Police Service Fraud Squad. waiting and not knowing. Transport Minister Jean Lapierre said the Provided will be a mixture of Lectures and Case Stud- “There have been instances throughout the projects will also improve the safety and effi- ies discussing a wide variety of Fraud Issues and prac- province where our members have experienced ciency of Canada’s transportation system. tices. Cost $350.00 per person. For further informa- significant exposure to bodily fluid and the “The security of Canadians is at the heart tion/contacts go to www.torontopolice.on.ca under degree of apprehension and the treatment re- of this program and remains one of the gov- Seminars and Conferences, or contact Allister Field at quired when you have significant exposure is ernment’s top priorities,” said Ontario MP Jim 416.808.7332 e-mail [email protected] definitely cause for concern for our members,” or James Farrell at 416.808.7238 e-mail Karygiannis, the Liberal parliamentary secre- [email protected]. Tell said. tary for transport. *** The national security policy has been esti- HALIFAX — Nova Scotia police officers mated to cost an overall $308 million. have lost their right to strike after provincial legislation was passed in March. The amendment to the Trade Union Act will also remove a municipality’s ability to lock out police officers and impasses will now be resolved through interest arbitration. The interest arbitration system involves an individual or panel of three people holding a hearing and issuing a binding decision. Cape Breton, Westville, Trenton, Stellarton, New Glasgow, Amherst, Springhill, Truro, Halifax, Bridgewater, Kentville and Annapolis Royal are the 12 municipal forces in the province. Chief Edgar MacLeod said he’s a longtime advocate of binding arbitration to settle bar- gaining deadlocks. “It’s always been a challenge to negotiate, especially when it comes to public safety,” he said. “There’s a risk, of course, to public safety with police strikes, so I applaud the legislation.” The RCMP, who are not unionized, have covered areas where strikes have occurred in the past, but MacLeod pointed out that it would be in cases of emergency. The new amendment should ensure public safety, says Colchester North member Bill Langille, who initially introduced the legislation. Team Ontario defeated Team Canada to take top honours at the 2005 national police curling cham- Langille, who is a 30-year veteran of po- pionships. Dick Burton (retired OPP), Frank Badowich (YRP), Brian Mooring (YRP), Ted McIntyre lice service in Nova Scotia and Ontario said (YRP), Wyllie Allan (Barrie City Police)

Blue Line Magazine 37 MAY 2005 Using the Canadian Human Rights Act to combat hate crime by Terry Wilson

Being a police officer for sixteen years, I believed I had used every avenue available to convict a criminal. I used every federal and provincial act to help keep criminals off the streets. It wasn’t until I spent six years as a hate investigator for the London Police Service that I learned of a new tool available to me - The Canadian Human Rights Act. How I came to learn this was through an investigation involving a hate organization called CECT (Canadian Ethnic Cleansing Team) which had active members in London, Ontario. Like many hate organizations, the CECT had a burning desire to express their hateful messages to the world. messages I had investigated six months prior. • The Canadian Human Rights Commission They had two active web sites which were I was happy to supply him with evidence that investigates the complaint and determines if used to promote their white supremacist be- I had collected. Over the next three years, I a hate message has been conveyed. liefs. Although the content was often alarm- learned who the Commission was, what au- • If the facts in issue are met, a hearing is set ing and inappropriate, there is a fine line be- thority they held, and most importantly how and evidence is presented to the Human tween hateful words and criminal acts of dis- they can help fight hate motivated crimes in Rights Tribunal. tributing hate propaganda. Simple slang, crude Canada. • The Tribunal is made up of judges or media- images and derogatory names did not make a The Canadian Human Rights Commission tors who call evidence from the Commission, hate crime. is the investigative body of the Canadian Hu- defendants and witnesses. On Sept 11, 2001 New York, Washington man Rights Act. This act is a federal statute • Both the commission and defense are af- and the world was crippled by the devastating that is written to protect Canadian’s from preju- forded opportunities to present their cases. effects of the murderous acts of extremist dice, bias and hate messages. • Once all the information is presented to the Muslims. The CECT jumped on the terror and Often, investigations surrounding hate Tribunal they make a decision with the bal- directed all viewers to their website to “De- propaganda cover messages sent through tel- ance of probabilities being the test of guilt. clare war on all Muslims and Jews.” By mak- ecommunications. In a previous precedent set- Guilty decisions can lead to hefty moni- ing this public statement, the leaders of the ting case against Holocaust denier Ernst tory fines, penalties and/or restrictions on the CECT had committed six different criminal Zundel, the Human Rights Tribunal declared persons and groups activities. These restric- offences including counseling murder, the Internet to be a form of telecommunica- tions are registered in the Federal court and counseling property damage, threats to prop- tions as defined by Section 13 of the Act therefore any breach is treated as a Criminal erty damage twice and death threats twice. But before the Commission could proceed Offence. These restrictions may also be ap- Crown Council determined that there was against the CECT and the two leaders, they plied to any future members of the group. As no reasonable expectation of conviction and had to prove: you can see, the Human Right Commission has stayed every charge. Once again these ex- • That declaring war on all Jews and Muslims, some teeth. Anyone can make a complaint to tremists would be free to continue to spread was indeed a hate message, and the Human Right Commission and therefore it hatred – until I received a much welcome call • Using the Internet to convey this message is our duty as police officers to ensure that vic- from an investigator at the Canadian Human met the definition of telecommunication tims of hate are aware of this process. If we Rights Commission. To my delight, both tests were met and we are going to fight hatred in Canada, we need He advised me that he was conducting an proceeded to a lengthy and public hearing. to use every avenue available. The Canadian investigation based on a complaint from a citi- The chain of events in a Human Rights hear- Human Rights Act, the Commission and Tri- zen in regards to the CECT and the same hate ing go as follows: bunal are powerful, useful and effective tools in restricting hate messages delivered by ex- tremist groups in Canada.

13. (1) It is a discriminatory practice for a person or a group of persons acting in concert to communicate Artcal Graphics 10 Pacific Safety Products 19 telephonically or to cause to be so communicated, re- BCIT 27 Panasonic 40 peatedly, in whole or in part by means of the facilities of a telecommunication undertaking within the legisla- Blue Line Archive CD 27 Pelican Products 21 tive authority of Parliament, any matter that is likely to Blue Line Reading Library 39 R. Nicholls Distributors 2, 13 expose a person or persons to hatred or contempt by reason of the fact that that person or those persons CPKN 33 Royal Roads University 20 are identifiable on the basis of a prohibited ground of Dalhousie University 29 Second Chance Body Armor 23 discrimination. Seneca College 15 Henry’s 25 Identifiable group in this act are as follows: International Police Association 24 Stl’ Atl’ Imx Tribal Police Board 25 John E Reid 9 Toronto Police Gift Shop 24 3. (1) For all purposes of this Act, the prohibited grounds of discrimination are race, national or ethnic MD Charlton 4 Toronto Police Sex Crimes Unit 17 origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, Mega Tech 7 Triform 31 marital status, family status, disability and conviction for which a pardon has been granted. Ottawa Police 5 Underwater Kinetics 17

Terry Wilson is a detective with the New Westminster Police Service.

Blue Line Magazine 38 MAY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 39 MAY 2005