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BULLETI N DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE, BIOLOG IE. 75 : 35-45, 2005 BULLETIN VAN HET KO NINKLIJK BELGISCH INST IT UUT VOOR NATU URWETENSC HAPPEN, BIOLOGIE, 75 : 35-45, 2005

A New and of Gymnophthalmid (: ) from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana

by Philippe J_R KOK

Abstract The li zards of the family Gymnophthalmidae, informall y re­ ferred to as "microteiids" (RU IB AL, 1952), currentl y include A new genu s and species of gy mnophthalmid are desc ribed fro m approxi mately thirty-seven genera. Gymnophthalmids are Kaieteur National Park , cen tral western Guyana, South America. widely di stributed in temperate, subtropical, and tropical ar­ The new genu s mainl y differs from all ot her know n eas of southern Mexico, Central Ameri ca and South gy mnophth almi ds by the foll ow in g combinati on of characters: five America. Approximately 15 gymnophthalmid genera are fi ngers and toes, all clawed; tongue with oblique plicae anteri orly currentl y kn own to occur in the Guiana Shield region [region and posteriorly, interrupted by a midsection of scaleli ke papill ae; dorsal scales kee led, hexagonal, fo rming transverse rows onl y; ven­ as defined by HUBER & FOSTER (2003)]. While most of these tra l scales smooth, hexagonal, fo rming transverse rows only ; nasal genera were first described during the nineteenth century and divided; frontonasal si ngle; prefront als abse nt ; co mpl ete supraci li­ are widespread in northern South America, three new en­ ary series; interp ari etal heptagonal with a straight posterior margin , demi c gymn ophthalmid genera were described fTom the not projecting posteri orl y. Gui ana Shield from the beginning of the twenti eth century to the present. Amapasaurus was created by CUNHA ( 1970) to Key-words: Gymn op hthalmidae; New genu s; New species; accommodate A. tetradactylus, a species endemic to the state Kaieteurosaums hindsi ge nu s an d species novum ; Squamata; Tax ­ onomy; Kaieteur Nati onal Park; Gu ya na; South Ame ri ca. of Amapa, Brazil. The genus Riolarna was erected by UZZELL ( 1973) to accommodate R. leucostictus, a species restricted to Mount Roraima in Venezuela and formerly in­ Resume cluded in the ge nus . The third genus, Adercosau.rll s, was recently described by MY ERS & Un nouveau genre et une nouvell e es pece de gy mnop hthalmide so nt DONNELLY (200 I) to accommodate A. vixadnexus , a spec ies decrits du Pare Nati onal de Kaieteur, au cen tre ouest du Gu ya na, known from only one specimen, which appears to be en­ Amerique du Sud. Le nouveau ge nre differe de taus les aut res demi c to the Yutaj e-Corocoro massif in Venezuela. gy mn ophth almi des co nnus principalement par Ia combinaison de Until recently, little herpetological research had been con­ caracteres sui van ts: cinq doi gts et orteil s, taus avec griffe; langue portant des repli s obliques anterieurement et posteri eurement, sepa­ ducted in much of thi s region and very few surveys had docu­ res par un e se ri e de papilles en form e d'ecailles; ecailles dorsales mented herpetofaunal assemblages in Guyana. The carenees, hexagonales , en rangs transverses uniquement; eca i]']es herpetofaun al diversity of the remarkabl e site of Kai eteur ve ntrales li sses, hexagonales, en rangs transverses uniquement; na­ National Park, central western Guyana, remain s very poorly sale di visee; front onasale uniqu e; absence de prefrontales; se ri e known and the only amphibian and species list cur­ co mplete d'ecailles supercili aires; interpari etale heptago nale avec rently avail abl e is the short compilati on of 29 species by un e marge posteri eure droite ne se projetant pas posterieure ment. Cole, Townsend and Reynolds give n in KELLOFF (2003), Mots-des: Gym nophthalmidae; Nouvea u ge nre; Nouvell e espece; which contain s several mi stakes and dubious record s (e.g. Kaieteurosaurus hindsi genus and species nov um ; Squamata; Taxo­ "Gastrotheca sp. nov."). In efforts to further in vestigate the nomie; Pare Nati onal de Kaieteur; Guyana; Ame rique du Sud. herpetological species ri chness and community structure in Kaieteur National Park, we recently completed the first col­ lections in a series that will be conducted in the park over the Introduction next few years. These initi al collecti ons resulted in the ex­ pansion of th e preliminary li st to 93 species and included one The taxonomic status of the family Gymnophthalmidae has a specimen of gymnophthalmid that, in the fi eld , was assumed long hi story of controversy, and some auth ors still consider to be an A rth rosaura. After further examinati on in the labora­ the Gymnophthalmidae as a subfamily (Gymnophthalminae) tory, it became clear that it does not fit in any of the Teiidae. However, recent molecul ar evidence (e.g. gy mnophthalmid genu s known from the Guiana Shield area, PELLEGR INO et al. , 2001 ; DOAN , 2003 ; CASTOE et al. , 2004) nor could it be placed in any of the ex tralimital genera. The advocates the validity of the Gymnophthalmidae as a famil y. new genus and species are described herein . II 36 PHILIPPE J. R. KOK

French

Colombia

Fig. I. Map of northeastern South America showing the type locality of Kaieleurosaurus hindsi, new species (circle).

Materials and Methods AM ARAL, 1933; RUIB AL, 1952; UZZELL (1959, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1973); CUNHA, 1970; MONTANUCCI, 1973; DIXON The holotype, fi xed in I 0% formalin, was transferred to and (1973, 1974); 0FrEDAL, 1974; HARRIS & AYALA, 1987; stored in 70% ethanol and was deposited. in the HOOGM OED & AVILA- PIRES, 1992; HAR RIS, 1994; AV ILA­ herpetological collecti ons of the Royal Belgian Institute of PIRES, 1995; KIZIR)AN, 1996; RODR IGUES, 1997; Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. Measurements to the RODRIGUES & BORGES, 1997; GORZULA & SENARIS, 1999; nearest 0.1 mm were taken with electronic digital cali pers. MACCULLOCH & LATHROP, 2001; MYERS & DONNELLY, Scale te1minology and character definitions follow those of 2001 ; FRITTS et al. , 2002; RODRIGUES eta/., 2002). SMITH (1946), PETERS (1964), HARRIS (1 994), and KIZIRIAN (1 996) except that scales posterior to the parietals and inter­ parietal on the dorsal surface of the head are referred to as Kaieteurosaurus hindsi genus and sp ecies novum occipitals, sensu UZZELL ( 1958). Scale counts were made Fig. 3-6, 7 (left), 8 using a stereo dissecting microscope. Comparisons with other genera were made with museum material in the collec­ HOLOTYPE ti ons of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels (IRSNB), the Museum Nati onal d' Hi stoire Royal Belgian Insti tute of Natural Sciences (IRSNB) 2628, Naturelle, Paris (MNHN), the American Museum of Natural an adult male collected by Phi lippe Kok, Hemchandranauth History, New York (AMNH), with digital photographs of Sambhu, Reuben Williams and Festus Marco, 23 November specimens in the care of the National Museum of Natural 2004, on Tukeit trail , ca. I ,250m NEE from the beginning of History, Washington (USNM) as well as ori ginal published the Kaieteur National Park airstrip (from point closest to the descriptions and descri pti ons provided in taxonomic revi­ gorge), 420 m elevation, Kaieteur Nati onal Park, Potaro­ sions and broader faunal treatments (e.g. BOULENGER, 1885 ; Siparuni district, Guyana (Fig. 1-2). II

A New Genus and Species of Gymnophthalmid Lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) 37

Fig. 2. Area map of Kaieteur National Park between Menzie's Landing and Tukeit showing the collection site of Kaieteurosaurus hindsi, new species (square). Map after "Kaieteur Sheet 43 SW" published by Survey Department of Guyana, 1972.

ETYMOLOGY Complete supraciliary series; anterior supraciliary large, not expanded dorsall y. Lower eyelid with semi-transparent disc, The generic name is a noun in apposition and is derived from consisting of six palpebrals. Frontoparietals and occipitals "Kaieteur" referring to the Kaieteur National Park where the present. Interparietal heptagonal with a straight posterior type species occurs, the connecting -o, and the Greek edge. Interparietal and parietals of approximately same "sauros" meaning "li zard". The gender is masculine. The length, forming a more-or-less straight line across the rear of specific epithet is a patronym honouring the Prime Minister the head (posterior margin of parietals and interparietal of Guyana, Mr. Samuel Hinds who kindly granted permis­ slightly convex due to the shape of parietals). Dorsal head sion to conduct our study in the Kaieteur National Park; with­ scales smooth. Single postmen tal scale followed by two pairs out hi s enthusiastic support our research would not have been of large genials in contact with labials and a third pair, much possible. smaller, separated from the labials. Gular scales in transverse rows, first two rows of subequal scales, followed by three GENERIC DIAGNOSIS rows with a central pair of enl arged scales. Coll ar with seven A small (44.4 mm SVL) gymnophthalmid lizard with cylin­ scales, the three central ones largest, forming a scalloped drical, sli ghtly depressed body, tail long, round in cross sec­ posterior border. Dorsals lanceolate (appearing hexagonal' ti on, without longitudinal ridges. Ear opening present. Limbs because of imbricati on), strongly keeled, strongly mucro- we ll developed, pentadactyl, with all digits clawed. Nasals divided, separated by an undivided frontonasal. Prefrontals I. See MYERS & DONNELLY (2001: 56) for an accurate definition of hexago­ absent. Loreal separated from labials by nasal and frenocular. nal scales as understood here. Refer also to Fig. 8 in this paper. I I

38 PHILIPPE J. R. KOK

Fig. 3. Kaieleurosaurus hindsi, new species. Dorsolateral (top) and ventral (bottom) views of the preserved holotype (I RS NB 2628). Scale bar = I 0 111111.

nate, in transverse rows onl y, ventrals Ianceolate (appearing mainly by the tongue morphology, in having keeled ventral hexagonal because of imbricati on), smooth , strongly mucro­ scales (smooth in Kaieteurosaurus), mucronate gular scales nate, in transverse rows only. Dorsals and lateral s of equal (quadrangular gular scales in Kaieteurosaurus), longitudinal size. Tongue wi th oblique plicae anteri orl y and posteri orl y; striations on head scales (no striations in Kaieteurosaurus) midsection with scaleli kc papillae (Fig. 5). By this unique and in lacking occipitals (present in Kaieteurosaurus). In combinati on of characters the new genus is readily distin­ having obli que plicae on the anterior and posterior part of the guishable from all other known South American tongue, Kaieteurosaurus also resembles Adercosaurus, gymnophthalmids. In having hexagonal ventral scales that , Ptychoglossus and , agreeing onl y do not form longitudinal rows and the lingual plicae inter­ with Adercosaurus and Riolama in having a midsection of rupted by a midsecti on of scale! ike papillae, Kaieteurosaurus scalelike papill ae between the anterior and posterior plicae most cl osely resembles Ecpleopus from southeastern Brazil, (tongue entirely plicate in Alopoglossus and Ptychoglossus), but is distincti ve in many ways, in particular in .havi ng a but these two genera are distinctive in having the interpari­ larger head, quadrangul ar gul ar scales (gul ar scales mucro­ etal posteriorl y projecti11g, forming a jagged or irregular line nate in Ecpleopus), six paramedi an gul ar scales enlarged to­ (parietals and interparietal fo rming a more-or-less straight ward collar (no enl arged paramedian gular scales in line across the rear of the head in Kaieteurosaurus), and in Ecp/eopus), no prefrontals, di vided nasal (single in having quadrangul ar ventral scales in transverse and longitu­ Ecpleopus), first supraocular separated from frontonasal by dinal rows (hexagonal ventral scales in transverse rows onl y frontal-loreal contact (first supraocular touching both !oreal in Kaieteurosaurus). In addition, Riolama also differs from and frontonasal in Ecpleopus), complete supraciliary series Kaieteurosaurus in lacking claw on the first fi nger (see (incomplete in Ecpleopus), interparietal heptagonal with a MYERS & DONNELLY, 2001: 52). Kaieteurosaurus could also straight posterior marglll (in terpari etal hexagonal, be confused with but is easil y distinguished, pri­ posteriorl y sli ghtly projecting in Ecp/eopus), proportionally marily by the tongue morphology, in having hexagonal ven­ longer fingers, two enlarged thenar scales with produced in­ tral scales in transverse rows only (quadrangular ventral ner edge (edge not produced in Ecpleopus), ventrals nar­ scales in transverse and longitudinal rows in Arthrosaura), in rower and much more lanceolate (as sharply pointed as the having smooth scales on the foreli mbs (keeled in dorsals in Kaieteurosaurus versus less sharply pointed than A rthrosaura), and in having a divided nasal (undivided in the dorsals in Ecpleopus), and presence of fe moral pores in A rthrosaura). males (absent in Ecpleopus). In having hexagonal and strongly mucronate ventral scales, Kaieteurosau.rus could be SPECIES DIAGNOS IS confused with Leposoma of the scincoides group from the Brazil ian Atl antic fo rests, but these species are di stincti ve The species diagnosis is the same as that fo r the genus. '' A New Genu s and Spec ies of Gymn ophthalmid Lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) 39

trunk length, 40% of SVL. Body cylindrical, slightl y de­ pressed. Complete tail 1.3 times SVL, nearl y circul ar in cross secti on. Limbs pentadactyl, all digits with terminal claws. Forelimbs 19 .8% of SVL, 39% of trunk length; hind legs 30% of SVL, 59% of trunk length ; adpressed limbs not overl apping, separated by two or three lateral scales . Tongue lanceolate, bifid, grey anteriorly Most of anterior half behind fo rk with oblique plicae, replaced posteri orl y by a zo ne of scalelike papillae, most of them unpigmented, whi ch occupy the midsection of the tongue. Behind the scalelike papillae, the unpigmented posterior half of the tongue bears anteriorl y converging plicae. Condition of infralingual plicae seems most similar to the condition illus­ trated for Ecpleopus by HARRIS ( 1985). Anterior teeth coni­ cal, posterior teeth bicuspid . Head scales smooth , small pits on rostral , frontonasal and anteri or part of fro ntal. Rostral rectangular, wider than deep, visible from above, lat­ erall y in contact with nasal and first supralabial, dorsally in contact with fro ntonasal. Frontonasal single, quadrangular, laterall y in contact with nasal and )oreal. Prefrontals absent. Frontal pentagonal, longer than wide, broader anteri orl y than posteriorly, laterall y concave, in contact with first, second and third supraocul ar. Two pentagonal frontoparietals,

Fig. 4. Head sq uamation of hol otype of Kaieleurosaum s hindsi (IRSNB 2628): top- dorsal view, middl e- lateral view, bottom- ventral view. Scale bar= I mm.

DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE

The male holotype is the onl y known specimen. It was col­ lected alive in a pitfall trap and was sli ghtl y damaged, prob­ ab ly by large black ants th at also fe lt in the trap. The speci­ men died in the collecting bag during transportati on to the base camp and was already sli ghtl y desiccated when fixed in preservative. Snout-vent-length 44.4 mm ; tai l length 58.3 mm (apparentl y complete); head length (obliquely from tip of snou t to poste­ ri or margi n of ear) I 0 mm; greatest head width 6.2 mm ; greatest head height 5 mm; snout-axill a length 17.6 mm ; length of nec k (posterior margin of ear to fo rearm) 5.7 mm ; trunk length (axi ll a-groin ) 22.7 mm; length of fo relimb and hindlimb (from axi ll a or groi n to tip of longest digit) 8.8 and 13.5 mm , respecti vely. Head relatively long, conical, de­ pressed, head length 23% of SVL, head length 1.6 times head width, head width 1.2 times head height. Head large, wider than neck; neck as wide as anterior body. Neck 57% of head Fig. 5. Tongue of Kaieleurosaurus hindsi, new species length, 25 % of trunk length. Snout-ax ill a length 78 % of (holotype) . Photograph by J. Constant. I I

40 PHILIPPE J. R. KOK

Fig. 6. Kaieteurosaurus hindsi, new species (holotype). Detai ls of gular (left ) and sub-pelvic (ri ght) regions. slightly longer than wide, m edian suture short, each in con­ interparietal just before it starts to w iden. Parietals longer tact with the interparietal, one parietal, and supraoculars 3-4. than wide, broader anteriorly. A row of five rectangul ar Inte rpari etal elongate, heptagonal, .broader posteri orly, dis­ occipitals, tending to be shorter and w ider than dorsal neck tinctl y narrower than parietals, w ith a straight posterior m ar­ scales; median occipital scale widest. Four supraoculars, in gin. The trace of a short suture is visible on the left side of the direct contact w ith supraciliaries, first and fourth smallest,

Fig. 7. Ventral midbody scales. Left: Kaieteurosaurus hindsi, new species (holotype). Middle: Ecpleopus gaudichaudii (AMNH 131869, Brazil ). Right: Ptychoglossus brevifrontalis (MN HN 1999.4902, Colombia). I I

A New Genus and Species of Gymnophthalmid Lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) 41

third slightly larger, second largest. Three supraciliari es, fi rst distinctly larger. Nasal divided, wider than high; nostril below the center. Loreal higher than long, in contact with nasal , frenocular, frontonasal, frontal, first supraocul ar, first supraciliary; sepa­ rated from first supralabi al by frenocul ar-nasal contact. Frenocular pentagonal, half the size of the !oreal. Subocul ars five. Supralabials five, fourth highest, third under middle of eye; first supralabial longer than nasal, in contact with first subocular on the ri ght side, separated from first subocular by frenocular-supralabial 2 contact on the left side. Temporal scales 23, large, variable in shape, smooth, increasing in size posteriorl y, not in rows. Ear opening higher than wide, rounded anteri or margin bordered by small scales, posterior margin straight; auditory meatus short, tympanum visible. Mental trapezoidal with straight posterior margin, postmental large, heptagonal, longer than wide, in lateral contact with infral abials I and 2. Two pairs of genials equal in length , first pair in contact mediall y; second pair in contact with infralabials but separated mediall y by a small scale; a third pair of genials, much small er than the preceding two pairs, separated medially by a patch of scales of varying size and widely separated from the infralabials. Five in fralabials. Small pi ts on infralabi als, supralabials, mental and genials. No distinct pregulars. Five transverse rows of smooth quad­ rangular gul ars, the anterior two rows consisting of subequal scales, the posteri or three rows with a pair of enlarged me­ dian scales, which are enl arged towards the coll ar. Collar Fig. 8. Detail of three ventral midbody scales of with seven scales, the median three di stinctl y larger, fa nning Kaieteurosaurus hindsi, new species (holotype), a scall oped posterior border. Collar fo ld well developed. showing the hexagonal aspect of the ventral scales. Side of neck with medium-sized scales in eight rows. Anterionnost five rows of scales on the nape longer than forearm), imbricate, larger on anterior aspect; scales on un­ wide, mucronate, smooth . Dorsal and lateral body scales of derside of upper anns imbricate, similar to but smaller than eq ual size; lanceolate (appearing hexagonal because of im­ scales of upper side. Upper side of thighs with scales that are brication), strongly keeled, strongly mucronate, imbricate, in hexagonal in appearance, keeled, bordered anteriorly by parallel transverse rows only; scale length more than three large, smooth, polygonal scales, reaching the line of pores; times scale width, in 31 rows from interparietal to posterior posterior surface of leg with small, granular, juxtaposed margin of leg (incl uding occipitals and nape scales); no scales. Underside of shanks with large polygonal, smooth, abrupt demarcation between dorsals and laterals. Ventrals imbricate scales, decreasing in size posteriorl y. Palms and lanceolate (appearing hexagonal because of imbricati on), soles with small round juxtaposed scales. Two enlarged th­ smooth, strongly mucronate, imbricate, in 20 transverse enar scales on inner margin of palm below pollex, each with rows; scale length more than three times scale width, becom­ produced inner edge. Sl.lbdigital lamellae divided medially, ing slightl y wider towards the pectoral and pelvic regions. numbers (Roman numerals = di gits, Arabic numbers = la­ Ve ntral scales becoming nanower and increasingly keeled mellae on left/right feet) : fingers I 4/4, II 6/7, III I 0/1 2, IV laterall y, grading into the laterals, with no granular scales 10/ II , V 6/7; toes I 5/6, II 7/8, II 9/10, IV 12/1 1, V 8/9 (these separating ventrals and laterals. Scales around midbody 37. counts are approximations due to desiccation of the speci­ Six preanal scales, including one elongate anterior central men). Fingers and toes clawed, with the following relative scale and a row of fi ve posterior scales j ust anterior to vent. sizes: I < II = V < III < IV and I < II < V < III < IV, respec­ Preanal pores 2/2 and femoral pores 7/5 in same line. Each tively. fe moral and preanal pore surrounded by a few very small scales. COLOURATION IN LIFE Dorsal and lateral caudal scales similar to, but slightly shorter than, body scales, lanceolate (appearing hexagonal Dark brown dorsally and laterally. Chin whitish, venter and because of imbrication), strongly keeled, strongly mucro­ underside of limbs uni formly reddish orange. Proximal quar­ nate, imbricate, in transverse rows onl y. Subcaudals smooth, ter of tail reddish orange, remaining distal part brownish strongly mucronate, imbricate, slightly larger than dorsal and speckled with whitish orange (field notes P. J. R. Kok). lateral caudal scales, becomi ng keeled laterally, grading into laterals. COLOURATION IN PRESERVATIVE (70% ETHANOL) Scales on upper side of upper arms and fo rearms large, vari­ ably polygonal, smooth (three scales are keeled on the right Dark brown dorsall y and laterall y with tips of dorsal scales I I

42 PHILIPPE J. R. KOK

Fig. 9. Setting the fen ce and pitfall traps along the Tukeit trail at the type locality of Kaieteurosaurus hindsi, new species.

darker and dorsals and dorsal surface of the head finely mot­ and orchids accounting for the great majority (SODERSTROM, tl ed by darker brown. No other pattern discernable dorsally. 1965; KELLOFF, 2003). Scales on ventral parts are whitish with a darker edge. NATURAL HISTORY HEMIPENIS The sole specimen was collected in late November, which No data avail able. corresponds to the beginning of the short wet season in Guy­ ana. The reddish orange colouration of the ventral parts sug­ DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT gests that the specimen was in breedin g condition (males in breeding condition of many microteiids occurring on the Kaieteurosaurus hindsi is only known from the type locality Guiana Shield do have that character (Hoogmoed, pers. where the unique specimen was collected ali ve in a pitfall comm.; pers. obs.)). It is highly probable that this secretive trap (Fig. 9) in late aftern oon (around 5 p.m.). The coll ection species, li ke many other microteiids, is diurnal and inhabits site -located about I km from the shrub-herb "Guiana type" the leaf litter. savannah fo und on the Potaro Plateau- is in tall mixed forest that can be charac terized as a submontane forest of the Pakaraima uplands on white sand s (TER STEEGE, 2001). This Discussion forest is composed of numerous tree species such as Dicymbe, Dimo1phandra, Eperua, Mi crandra and Peltogy 11. e Relationshi ps and affi ni ties of Kaieteurosaurus are uncertain. (SODERSTROM , 1965; TER STEEGE, 200 I). Typical lower Further resolution of relati onships may be possible when ad­ story trees belong to the fam ilies Annonaceae, Guttiferae, ditional specimens and ti ssues for molecular analys is are Lecythidaceae, Leguminosae, and Palmae, while members avail able. Examinati on of hemipenes condition should also of the Araceae, Bromeli aceae, Marantaceae, Melastoma­ be of interest and I strongly suspect that no calcareous taceae, and Rapateaceae noti ceably dominate the vegetati on spinules will be observed in the hemipenes of of the forest fl oor (SODERSTROM , 1965; KELLOFF, 2003). Kaieteurosaurus (as it is also the case in Adercosaurus, Epiphytes are abundant, with species of m·o ids, bromeliads, Alopoglossus, Ecp leopus and Ptychoglossus). ''

A New Genus and Species of Gymnophthalmid Lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) 43

Kaieteurosaurus shares with Ecpleopus and Leposoma of the Neusticurus bica rinatus. - Brazil : Amapd: No other locality scincoides group a morphological feature rarely observed in (IRSNB 12179). Suriname: Marowijne: Paloemeu (Riv.) (N the Gymnophthalmidae : the presence of hexagonal ventral 3°21' W 55 °26') (IRSNB 12369). scales. Those of Kaieteurosaurus are very long and strongly Neusticurus rudis.- Guyana: Potaro-Siparuni: Kaieteur Na­ mucronate and are the most distingui shing feature of the ge­ ti onal Park (IRSNB 17056-57). nus (see Fig. 7- 8). In addition to the aspect o f the ventral Prionodactylus sp.- French Guiana: Ro:tra: Crique Bagot, scales, Kaieteurosaurus also shares the tongue morphology li eu-dit « Degrad Kwata » (IRSNB 2560). Note: this speci­ with Ecpleopus, but while closest relati ves to Ecpleopus men is being described by de M assary and Avil a- Pires. seem to be Alopoglossus (UZZELL, 1969) and more parti cu­ unicolor.- Ecuador: No other locality [IRSNB larl y Leposoma (see UZZELL, 1969; PELLEGRINO et a!. , 200 I; 950 (2 specimens)]. CAS TOE et al. , 2004), closest relati ves to Kaieteurosaurus Proctoporus striatus. - Colombia: Cundinarnarca : Bogota could be Adercosaurus - a genu s currently not pl aced in a (IRSNB 11679). subfa mil y (see CAS TOE et al., 2004) - and Ptychoglossus Ptychog lossus brevijr01 !talis. - Colombia: No other locality based on overall morphological sim ilarity. Adercosaurus and (MNHN 1999.4902). some Ptychoglossus - even if both of these genera are di ffe r­ ent in several ways - share a number of morphological fea­ tures with Kaieteurosaurus and I suspect close relati onships Additional digital photographs examined between them. M NHN 7048, identi fied as Ecpleopus gaudichaudii, was ex­ Arthrosaura guianensis.- Guyana: Mazaruni-Potaro: North­ amined and I agree with UZZELL ( 1969) who gave a complete ern slope of Mount Roraima, 700 m (N 5° 17' W 60°45') descripti on of the specimen and also reach the conclusion (USNM 549323). that it is not an Ecpleopus gaudichaudii. MNHN 7048 is Arthrosaura synaptolepis. - Venezuela: Amazonas: Cen o de damaged and in poor state of preservation and it is diffi cult to Ia Neblina, ca. 6.2 km NNE ofPico Phelps(= Pico Neblina), determine its correct identity but it is clearl y distinct from Camp XI, 1400 m (N 0°51 '45" W 65 °58 ' 52") (USNM Kaieteurosaurus hinds i. 3 17882). Several pl ant species endemi c to the park were coll ected in Arthrosaura tyleri.- Venezuela: Boliva r: Cerro Jaua, ca . 2 km the immediate surroundings of th e type locality of from the central ridge, southern bank of the M arajano River, Kaieteurosaurus hindsi (see KELLOFF, 2003 ; KELLOFF & 1750 m (USNM 317880). FUNK , 2004). The discovery of a new li zard genu s as well as a number of new amphibian taxa in the Kaieteur National Park (Kok et al. in prep.) is supplementary evidence for the Acknowledgements high need for conservati on of the site and the Government of Guyana is strongly encouraged to continue enfo rcin g laws to Special thanks are due to Ramesh Lilwah of the Environmen­ protect the park from anthropogenic impacts. tal Protectio n Agency, Guyana (EPA), Kristine Erskine and Calvin Bern ard of the Uni versity of Guyana (UG) fo r their kind help in obtaining export permits for the specimens. For List of specimens examined the loan of specimens under thei r care, I am grateful to Christopher Raxworthy and Robert Pascocell o (AMNH), Alopoglossus angulatus. - French Guiana: Row·a: Crique and Yvan Ineich and Sebastien Soubzmaigne (MNHN). Bagot, li eu-dit « Degrad Kwata » (IRSNB 14792). Robert Reynolds and Steve Gotte (USNM) kindly provided A rthrosaura kockii. - Brazil : Pard: Belem (S I 0 26' W 48°29' ) digital pi ctures of specimens. M argaret and Malcolm Chan­ [USNM 1592 1 (d igital photographs)]. French Guiana: A-Sue handled the logistics and coordinated travels to Regina: Pic Matecho (N 3°44'53" W 53°2' 19") (IRSNB Kaieteur Nati onal Park, and the Nyron Rahaman fa mily 15397). Saiil: ca. 8 km from the vill age of Saul , near opened up their home to the team thereby making our work M ontagne Belvedere (IRSNB 14574). much easier and enj oyabl e. I wish to express gratitude to Bachia j lavescens. - Guyana: Potaro-Siparu11i: Kaieteur Na­ Godfrey Bourne of the Nati onal Science Foundati on and the ti onal Park (IRSNB 17079-8 1). Uni versity of Missouri Saint Loui s (UMSL), Deoki e A1joon Ecpleopus gaudichaudii.- Brazil : No other locality [MNHN (UG) and Georges Lenglet (IRSNB) for their coll aborati on in 7047 (holotype)]. Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa (AMNH our Global Initiative (GTI) research project; Paul 131869). Benjamin, Hemcbandranauth Sambhu (Iwokrama), Festus "Ecpleopus gaudichaudii ".- Brazil : No other locali ty M arco, Reuben Williams, Indranee Roopsind (Iwokrama) (MNHN 7048). and Nicole Wulff (UMSL) for field compani onship; Jerome Euspondylus maculatus .- Chili : No other locality (IRSNB Constant (IRSNB ) fo r taking photographs of the li zard 's 95 1). tongue; Jackie Van Goethem , Anne Franklin and Yves Samyn Jphisa elegans.- Guyana: Potaro-Siparuni: Kaieteur Na­ (B elgian Focal Poin t to the Global Taxonomy Initiati ve, ti onal Park (IRSNB 17068 -69). IRSNB) for enthusiasti c support of my research acti vities; Leposom.a guianense.- French G ui ana: Roura: Cri que Bagot, Sebastien Bruaux (IRSNB) for technical help in Brussels; Ii eu-di t « Degrad Kwata » (IRSNB 1479 1). M iguel Rodri gues (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil ) for Leposoma percarin atum.- Guyana: Potaro-Siparuni: constructi ve discussions and Ol iv ier Pauwels (IRSNB) for Kaieteur Nati onal Park (IRSNB 17053, IRSNB 17058-67). hi s observations about the formati on of Latin names. I am '' 44 PHILIPPE J. R. KOK

deeply indebted to Marinus Hoogmoed and Teresa Avi la­ f or th e Guayana Shield: 2002 Consensus. Conservation Interna­ Pires (Museu Paraense Emflio Goeldi , Belem, Brazil ) for ti onal , Center for Applied Science, Washington: m aki ng invaluable suggestions for the improvement of an 97 pp. earlier version of the m anuscript. Finally, I gratefull y ac­ KELLOFF, C. L. 2003. The Use of Biodiversity data in developing knowledge the financial support of the Belgian Directorate­ Kaieteur Nati onal Park, Guyana for ecotourism and conservati on. General of Development Cooperati on. Permission to conduct Contribwions to th e Study of Biological Diversity I: 1-44. this study was granted by the Prime Minister of Guyana, KELLOFF, C. L. & FUNK, Y. A. 2004. P,hytogeography of the Honorable Samuel Hinds, Shyam Nokta and Inge Nathoo of Kaieteur Falls, Potaro Plateau, Guyana: floral distributions and af­ the Guyana National Parks Commission, with research and finities. Journal of Biogeography 31: 501-513. collection permits issued by the Guyana EPA (permit No. KIZIRI AN, D. A. 1996. A review of Ecuadorian Proctoporus 180604 BROil). (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with descripti ons of nine new spe­ cies. He1petological Monographs I 0: 85-155. MACCUL LOCH , R. D. & LATHROP, A. 2001. A new species of Literature Cited Arthrosaura (Sauria: Teiidae) from the Hi ghl ands of Gu yana. Car­ ibbean Journal of Science 37(3-4): 174- 181. AMARAL, A. 1933. Estudos sabre lacertilios neotropicos. I. Novas MO NTANUCC I, R. R. 1973. Systemati cs and evoluti on of th e Andean ge neros e es pecies de lagartos do Bras il. Mem6rias do In stituto lizard genu s Plwlidobolus (Sauria: Teiidae). Miscellaneous Publi­ Bwantan 7( 1932): 51-74. cation of th e University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 59 : A VILA -PI RES , T. C. S. 1995. Li zard s of Braz ili an Am azo ni a (Rep­ 1-52. til es: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen 299: 1-706. MYERS , C. M. & DONNELLY , M. A. 2001. Herpetofaun a of the BOU LENGER, G. A. 1885. Catalogue of th e in the British Yutaje-Corocoro mass if, Venezuel a: second report fro m the Robert · Museum (Natural HistOJ)'), Volume II, second edition Trustees of G. Goelet American Museum -Terramar expedition to the north­ the British Museum, London: 497 pp . wes tern tepuis. Bulletill of th e American Museum of Natural His­ tory 26 1: 1- 85. CASTOE, T.A ., DOAN, T. M. & PARKINSON C. L. 2004. Data parti­ OFTEDA L, 0 . T. 1974. A re vision of the genu s Anadia (Sauri a, tion s and complex model s in Bayes ian analys is: th e phylogeny of Teiidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo 25: 203-265 . gy mnophthalmid lizard s. Systematic Biology 53(3): 448-469. PELLEG RINO , K. C. M. , RODRIGUES , M. T. , YONENAGA-Y ASS UD A, CUNHA, 0 . R. 1970. Lacertflios da Amazoni a. IV- Um no vo ge nera Y. & SITES JR, J. W. 2001. A molecular perspecti ve on the evolution e especie de Jagarto do Territ6ri o Federal do Amapa (Lacerti li a - of microteiids li zards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) , and a new Teiidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emflio Goeldi, Zoologia 74: classifi cati on for the family. Biological Journal ofth e Linnean Soci­ 1- 8. ety 74: 315-338. DI XON, J. R. 1973. A systemati c review of. th e teiid li zard s, genu s PETERS , J. A. 1964. Dictionary of He17J etology. Hafn er Publishing Bachia, with remarks on Heterodactylus and Anotosaura. Miscella­ Company, New York and London: 392 pp . neous Publication of th e University of Kansas Museum of Natural HistOJ)' 57: 1-47. RODRIGUES , M. T. 1997. A new species of Leposoma (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the At lantic forest of Brazil. DI XON, J. R. 1974. Systematic review of the li zard ge nu s Herpetologica 53(3): 383-389. Anotosaura (Teiidae). Herpetologica 30(1): 13- 18. RODR IGUES , M. T. & BORG ES D. M. 1997. A new species of DOAN, T. M. 2003. A new phylogenetic class ifi cation for the Leposoma (Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae) from a reli ctu al forest of gy mnophthalmid genera , Pantodactylus and semi arid northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 53(1 ): 1-6. Prionodactylus (Reptili a: Squamata). Zoological Journal of th e Linnean Society 137: 101-115. RODRIGU ES, M. T. , DIXO, M., PAVAN, D. & VERDADE Y. K. 2002. A new species of Leposoma (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from FRITTS, T. H. , ALMENDAR IZ, A. & SAM EC, S. 2002. A new species of th e remnant Atlantic forests of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Papeis (Gymnophthalmidae) from Ecuador and Colombia Avulsos de Zoologia 42(14).: 335-350. with comments on other members of the genu s and Teuchocercus keyi. Journal of He17Je tology 36(3): 349-355. RUIB AL, R. 1952. Revisionary studi es of so me South American Teii dae. Bulletin of th e Museum of Comparative Zoology 106:477- GORZULA, S. & SENA RI S, J. C. 1998. Contribution to the 529. herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana I. A data base. Scientia SMITH, H. M. 1946. Handbook of Lizards. Comstock Publishing Guaianae 8: xv iii , 1-269. Company, Ith aca, New York : 557 pp. HARR IS, D. M. 1985. ln fralingual plicae: support for Boulenger's SODERSTROM, T. R. 1965. Preparing a Rain Forest Exhibit fo r Teii dae (Sauria). Copeia 19 85(3): 560-565. Smithso ni an's New Hall of Pl ant Life . Plant Science Bulletin II (2): HARR IS, D. M. 1994. Review of the teiid li zard genus 1-3. Ptychoglossus. Hei/Je tological Monographs 8: 226-275. TER STEEGE, H. 200 1. National Veg etation map of Guyana , Guyana HARRIS , D. M. & AYALA, S. C. 1987. A new Anadia (Sau ri a: Forestry Commission: Georgetown. Teiidae) fro m Colombia and restorati on of Anadia pamplonensis UZZE LL , T. M. 1958. Teiid li za rd s re lated to Proctoporus luctuosus, Dunn to species statu s. He1petologica 43 (2) : 182-190. with the descripti on of a new species from Venezuela. Occasional HOOGMOED, M. S. & A VILA- PIR ES, T. C. S. 1992. Studies on th e Papers of th e Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 597: 1- species of Ih e South Ameri can li za rd genu s Arthrosaura Boul enger 15. (Reptili a: Sauria: Teiidae), with resurrection of two species . UZZE LL, T. M. 1959. Teiid li zard s of the ge nu s . Occa­ Zoologische Mededelingen 66: 45 3-484. sional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Unive rsity of Michigan HUBER , 0. & FOSTER, M. N. (eds). 2003. Conservation Priorities 606: 1-1 6. I I A New Genus and Species of Gymnophthalmid Li zard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) 45

UZZELL, T. M. 1965. Teiid li za rds oft he genus Echinosaura. Copeia with a new ge nu s for P. leucosricllls and notes on the genu s 1965(1): 82-89. Euspondy/us (Sauria, Teiidae). Posrilla 159: 1-67. UZZEL L, T. M. 1966. Teiid li zard s of the ge nu s Neusricurus (Rep­ tilia, Sauri a). Bullerin of rh e American Museum of Narum/ H is!OI)' Philippe J. R. KOK 132(5): 279-327. Department of Vertebrates UZZELL, T. 1969. The status of th e genera Ecp/eopus, Arrhroseps Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and Aspido/aemus (Sauria, Teiidae). Posrilla 135: 1-23. Rue Vautier 29, B-1 000 Brussels., Belgium UZZE LL , T. 1973. A revision of lizards of the genus Prionodacrylus , E-mail: philippe.kok@naturalsc iences.be