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CHAPTER TWO Pioneer Baptist Missionaries to Burma

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CHAPTER TWO Pioneer Baptist Missionaries to Burma Baptist mission among the Shan 32 CHAPTER TWO BAPTIST MISSION TO THE SHAN PEOPLE OF BURMA (MYANMAR) Baptist mission to Burma was in the beginning not aiming to the hill tribes but to Burmans. British Missionary Dr. Felix Carey (eldest son of William Carey) had served as missionary doctor in Burma in 1807 before Adoniram Judson arrived. For Felix life in Rangoon was difficult. Felix won favor by vaccinating Burmese people, including the Maywoon’s family, but food items were scarce and it was difficult to learn Burmese. Felix Carey lost both his wife and mother in 1808. 1 In July 1813, when Felix Carey was in Ava, two young Americans, Adoniram Judson and his wife Ann, tempest-tossed and fleeing before the persecution of the East India Company, found shelter in the Mission House at Rangoon. Judson was one of a band of divinity students of the Congregational Church of New England, whose zeal had almost compelled the institution of the American Board of Foreign Missions. He, his wife, and colleague Rice had become Baptists by conviction on their way to Serampore, to the brotherhood of which they had been commended. Carey and his colleagues made it “a point to guard against obtruding on missionary brethren of different sentiments any conversation relative to baptism;” but Judson himself sent a note to Carey requesting baptism by immersion. Felix Carey’s medical and linguistic skill so commended him to the king that he was loaded with honors and sent as Burmese ambassador to the Governor-General in 1814, when he withdrew from the Christian mission. 2 Pioneer Baptist Missionaries to Burma Adoniram Judson was born in Massachusetts in 1788. In 1810 Adoniram Judson, with three others, offered himself for missionary work to the General Association of the Congregational Church. As a result the American Board for Foreign Missions was founded. After being ordained for the Congregational Church, on February 19, 1812, young Adoniram Judson, and his bride of seven days, Ann Haseltine Judson, set sail for India, supported by the first American Board for Foreign Missions. But on that voyage, Judson saw the teaching of immersion as the mode of baptism in the Bible. Conscientiously and courageously, he cut off his support under the Congregational board until a Baptist board could be founded to support him. He and his companions eventually reached Calcutta in 1812, where soon afterwards he became a Baptist. On September 6, 1812, Judson and his wife were baptized by Rev. Ward in Calcutta. The East India Company having refused him permission to work in India, he arrived Rangoon, Burma, on July 13, 1813, where one of the English missionaries, Mr. Carey had already begun missionary work since 1807. When the American Baptists heard of Judson’s change of views, they determined to support him and founded the society, which was known as the American Baptist Missionary Union. The English missionaries in Rangoon then handed over their work to ABMU. By 1816 Judson had prepared the Gospel of Matthew in Burmese, following up short tracts “accommodated to the optics of a Burman.” He finished the translation of Matthew on May 20, 1817 and the whole Bible on January 13, 1834. After nearly six years in Burma, on June 27, 1819, Judson baptized Moung Naw, his first Burman convert. At the end of seven years Judson had baptized 10 Burmese converts. He died on April 12, 1850 died at sea. That evening in greatest silence, broken only by the voice of the captain, his body was lowered on the larboard side into the Indian Ocean, even without a prayer. 3 1 Felix Carey: A Tiger Tamed. published by Hooghly, West Bengal, S. K. Chaterjee, 1991. pp24-25 2 http://www.biblebelievers.com/carey/Carey7.html November 20, 2006 3 http://www.burmesebible.com/b/adoniram_judson_by_fred_barlow.htm November 20, 2006 Baptist mission among the Shan 33 In 1852 there were 62 missionaries, male and female, in Burma. The number of baptized members belong to Baptist mission in 1911 were: Burmese 3,182; Karen 54,799; Kachin 371; Chin 1,011; Shan 338; Talaing 308; Muhso 9,343; Tamil 465; others 579, making a total of 70,396. Adoniram Judson did not involved with the Shan. But he did mention the Shan first in a list of the peoples of Burma he represented as he was calling for help in his letter written from Rangoon in 1831. Shan were Overlooked When Eugenio Kincaid and his wife were in Ava (Mandalay) in 1833-1836 he wrote that a missionary would find a wide field of labor among the Shan. About the time that letter arrived in Moulmain, Burma, the missionary force there had been strengthened beyond the needs of the local work even though Judson was eager to extend to wider fields. No missionary came to the Shan until 1861. Rev. Moses Homan Bixby said in his letter on April 12, 1861 from Rangoon, “For the forty-nine years during which missions have been in the Burman empire but the Shan were wholly overlooked. Nothing was done for their moral or intellectual improvement. Just at the time however when the hands of the persecuting Burmese are raised against them for their oppression the Christian people of mother hemisphere have been adopting measures to send them the light of the gospel by the hands of a missionary of the cross. Every philanthropist will heartily wish success to this new Christian enterprise.” 4 Baptist Mission to the Shan In 1853 Rev. Moses Homan Bixby was appointed by American Baptist Missionary Union as a missionary to Burma. He was married to Miss. Susan Dow on November 7, 1849. After a brief service of three years in Moulmain, Burma, he was compelled to return to America because of the failing health of his wife. Susan Dow did not long survive after arrival in America. Bixby was again selected on first Sunday of December 1860 as missionary to the Shan and sent to Burma again. He left for Burma taking with him as his new companion and helper Miss. Laura A. Gage who was principal of the New Hampton Ladies’ Seminary. They arrived Rangoon on March 23, 1861. Rangoon was not Shan State but a capital city of Burma. His plan was to bring good news of salvation to the Shan people. As it was not possible at that time to enter Shanland, Bixby settled at Toungoo. 5 Shan Mission in Toungoo When Bixby arrived Rangoon many Shan came from Shan country and took refuge at Toungoo because of Burman King’s pressure. Bixby reported on March 29, 1861 from Rangoon, “Almost immediately on our arrival it was announced to me that the Shan were coming over into the British possessions by thousands. We learn from Toungoo that on account of some warlike disturbance in the Shan country ten thousand people have come down to the vicinity of Toungoo and that the Commissioner has encouraged them to settle there by furnishing Drawing of Shan mission house in Toungoo 4 The Baptist Missionary Magazine, 1862 5 The Shan Mission by Rev. J.N Cushing, D.D. Boston, American Baptist Missionary Union Magazine, 1893, p11 Baptist mission among the Shan 34 them land. Should they do so, what a field of labor will at once are opened to me! What does this mean? May we not think that God has sent them to meet us by the way? And does it not indicate that we have been moved to commence the Shan Mission at the right time?” Toungoo was not a Shanland. But the Shan were there as refugees. Wasn’t it a divine plan? No foreigner was allowed to travel to Shan country at that time without special pass from Burman King. It was reported in April that ten thousand Shan refugees were in Toungoo. Bixby said in his letter dated April 12, 1861, “Can it be possible that the event of our arrival in this country to establish a Shan mission and the arrival of ten of thousand Shan at the very place where we had thought to take up abode and where we can dwell with safety could occur at the very same time and the hand of God not be in it? But why should I question this? We will not be faithless but believing. We will thank God and take courage.” God sent people to missionary! The beginning Bixby quickly moved to Toungoo on May 8, 1861 and started working among the Shan refugees. He gave his first report from Toungoo on June 18, 1861, “I find substantially correct. The Shan tribes have come down en mass with their SaoPha (chief) and the bulk of them have settled on the site of the old town DinGaWadDie about seven miles from the city of Toungoo. The harvest before me is indeed great but what can I say of the laborers? As I stand on the border of this broad harvest-field and look over it I am overwhelmed with a sense of the magnitude of the work and when I turn my eyes to a single sickle my heart sinks within me. Can one reaper garner such a harvest?” Immediately Bixby thought he could not do the work alone. He developed plan to reach out to the Shan by studying Shan language, preaching to the Shan in Burmese language as he had learned Burmese few years ago in Moulmain and many of the Shan understood Burmese. He occupied zayat 6 every day and preached the gospel, opened a chapel for regular Sunday services and preached house to house.
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