HURRICANE: THE LIFE OF RUBIN CARTER, FIGHTER PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

James S. Hirsch | 368 pages | 02 Nov 2000 | HarperCollins Publishers | 9781841151304 | English | , United Kingdom Rubin Carter - Wikipedia

During his first 10 years in prison, his wife, Mae Thelma, stopped coming to see him at his own insistence; the couple, who had a son and a daughter, divorced in Beginning in , Carter developed a relationship with Lesra Martin, a teenager from a ghetto who had read his autobiography and initiated a correspondence. Martin was living with a group of Canadians who had formed an entrepreneurial commune and had taken on the responsibilities for his education. Before long, Martin's benefactors, most notably Sam Chaiton, Terry Swinton, and Lisa Peters, developed a strong bond with Carter and began to work for his release. Their efforts intensified after the summer of , when they began to work in New York with Carter's legal defense team, including lawyers Myron Beldock and Lewis Steel and constitutional scholar Leon Friedman, to seek a writ of habeas corpus from U. District Court Judge H. Lee Sarokin. On November 7, , Sarokin handed down his decision to free Carter, stating that "The extensive record clearly demonstrates that [the] petitioners' convictions were predicated upon an appeal to racism rather than reason, and concealment rather than disclosure. Upon his release, Carter moved to , , Canada, into the home of the group that had worked to free him. He and Peters were married, but the couple separated when Carter moved out of the commune. The former prizefighter, who was given an honorary championship title belt in by the World Council, served as director of the Association in Defense of the Wrongfully Convicted, headquartered in his house in Toronto. In , widespread interest in the story of Carter was revived with a major motion picture, The Hurricane , directed by and starring Washington. The movie was largely based on Carter's autobiography and Chaiton and Swinton's book, which was re-released in late In , James S. In , Carter founded the advocacy group Innocence International and often lectured about seeking justice for the wrongly convicted. In February , while battling prostate cancer, Carter called for the exoneration of David McCallum, a Brooklyn man who was convicted of kidnapping and murder and had been imprisoned since In my own years on this planet, though, I lived in hell for the first 49 years, and have been in heaven for the past 28 years. To live in a world where truth matters and justice, however late, really happens, that world would be heaven enough for us all. On April 20, , Carter died in his sleep in his Toronto home at the age of The cause of his death was complications from prostate cancer. We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Carter G. Howard Carter was a British archaeologist who excavated King Tut's tomb beginning in Lynda Carter is an actress chiefly known for her role as Wonder Woman on the eponymous s TV series. June Carter Cash was a Grammy-winning country singer who was married to and performed with country music star Johnny Cash. Considered one of the greatest boxers of all time, Sugar Ray Robinson held the world welterweight title from to , and by , he had become the first boxer to win a divisional world championship five times. African American boxer Joe Louis, who reigned as world champion from until , is regarded as one of his sport's all-time greats. One of the greatest baseball players in history, Willie Mays thrilled fans over a year big league career with his powerful bat and astonishing defensive skills. Hazel Tanis 4 has time to leave her seat, but not enough to flee, becoming the fourth to be shot. His father tracked squirrels and raccoons to feed the family in a United States crippled by the Great Depression of the s. He took young Rubin and his uncles with him on one trip. As they drove through the New Jersey woodland, they noticed they were being followed by a truck. The driver, a white man, tried to run them off the road. Carter's father stopped. So did the trucker. Carter's father got out. Carter's uncle followed, a shotgun cradled to his chest. The trucker, wisely, fled. For young Rubin, this act of self-protection, of looking after yourself whoever the opponent, had a lasting effect. He was a natural leader as a youth, overseeing a gang that would fight other kids in the neighbourhood. Rubin didn't kill people," his cousin Johnny said. He was once seen by a preacher stealing clothes. The preacher told Carter's father. Carter promptly attacked the preacher - a man who was far older than him. He did enough damage to merit a beating from his father, who cracked him in the eye with a belt before calling the police. He was just who he was. He stabbed a man he claimed was a paedophile and was sent to Jamesburg, which he referred to as a place "where eight-year-old kids become the prey of year-old killers and rapists". He became one of the toughest in the prison, a person who "if they wanted to beat somebody up, they beat them up, because that's how they rule". Eventually, enough was enough. He broke a window and escaped. For two days he ran, putting 80km between him and the prison. Patty Valentine is asleep on her couch, the TV still playing in her flat above the Lafayette. Her son is asleep down the hall. She goes to the window on the corner of East 18th and Lafayette and realises the bar is still open, the neon light still shining into her living room. She goes to her front window before moving into her bedroom, which overlooks Lafayette Street. A white car is parked in the middle of the road. Valentine sees it has New York licence plates - dark blue with yellow and gold lettering - and tail lights shaped like triangles. She stands and watches two black men leave the bar. One climbs into the driver's seat, the other the passenger side, and they drive off into the night. A man tells her to stay away. Glancing inside, Valentine sees Marins holding on to a pole, blood on his forehead. Instinctively, she walks towards him. As she rounds the pool table, something catches her attention. It's Tanis. She knows her. She recognises the country club uniform she's wearing. A black uniform, slowly turning red. Valentine's eyes linger on the blood. She takes a second to process it before screaming and running out of the bar and up to her flat. Extract from police interview with Patty Valentine. Unsteady on his feet one night, he stumbled across the army boxers midway through a gym session. He turned to their trainer and announced he could beat any man there. The trainer, spotting the tell-tale sway of alcohol, suggested he return the next day. He did - and proved true to his word. Some guys would knock you cold," his friend Ron Lipton said. Another former sparring partner said his battles with Carter made him quickly realise "boxing wasn't something I wanted to do with any regularity". Two stints in prison quickly followed - first for skipping jail, then for three apparently spur-of-the- moment muggings. A year later, at the iconic , he needed just 69 seconds and one punch to knock out Florentino Fernandez. Carter grew to hate the name - "I came to realise that this is not me. It was actually a monster" - but the mean, brutal image created a buzz around his fights. Griffith was bisexual. He had been goaded about his sexuality by Benny Paret in the build-up to a previous fight. On fight night, Griffith punched Paret's head so many times he was carried straight from the ring to hospital and died 10 days later. Carter wanted Griffith to lose control when they met. In front of the television cameras, he delivered a stinging blow. The press were in a frenzy. Griffith was furious. He went hard at Carter the next day. Too hard. Carter took aim and floored him in two minutes 13 seconds. The first paramedic to arrive at the Lafayette Bar slips on the blood that is spreading across the floor. Two people are dead; Tanis is clinging to life. She and Marins are taken to hospital as detectives, officers and civilians surround the bar. Less than a mile away, John Artis - a black, year-old track star - is ready for home after an evening's dancing at the Nite Spot. Looking around for a lift, Artis sees Carter, a regular he met a couple of weeks before. Artis yells out; Carter throws him the keys to his car - white, with New York plates and triangular tail lights - and tells him to drive. John Bucks Royster, a drifter who has had too much to drink, gets in the front while Carter lies down across the back seats. Artis sets off, but six minutes later the interior of the car is lit up by headlights. A police car's headlights. He pulls over, nervous - he's never been in any trouble before. Carter sits up as the police officer leans in and tells them he is "looking for two negroes". The officer recognises Carter and greets him, then asks to see Artis' licence. He hands it over and, after it is inspected, Artis is told he can go. Carter lies back down and directs Artis to his house, wanting to pick up some more money before heading back out to the bars. Artis pulls up outside Carter's house. The boxer takes 15 minutes to get in, get some money and get back in the car. The fight - reigning champion against loose cannon - took place against a backdrop of racial tension. That same year, there was trouble in Paterson, where Carter lived. What started as a group of black teenagers throwing rocks at cars turned into a three-day race riot, with of the area's officers on the streets. In the build-up to the Giardello fight he talked about his love of guns - "We'd go out in the streets and start fighting, anybody, everybody. We used to shoot at folks" - and bragged that he had once stabbed a man "everywhere but the bottom of his feet". I'd just do it quicker. The light bounced off Carter's bald head as he entered the ring, clad in silk. Victory would see him take the world title. He started well, body blow after body blow pushing Giardello back, but he could not deliver the final strike. Thirty minutes since he left the Nite Spot, he's been stopped again by the same officer as before. But this time, he has more company, and he orders Artis to follow him. They drive through the night in convoy to the Lafayette Bar. They are told to get out of the car. Artis is baffled; Carter suspicious. They stand by the police cars and watch as two bodies, shrouded in sheets, are brought out of the building. Artis realises this isn't good. The next thing he knows, he's at the hospital, being walked through the hubbub towards a bed. On it lies Marins, one eye patched up, doctors and nurses swarming around him. An officer, a man with a huge scar across his face, approaches Marins and asks him bluntly: "Are these the men that shot you? He looks at Carter and Artis standing next to each other. A second ticks by. He shakes his head. There's no time for relief. Artis and Carter are whisked to the police station, where Detective Vincent de Simone, a man who Artis thinks resembles a bulldog after taking a wartime blast to the face, interviews them. For 17 hours, the questions come to Artis. Did Carter shoot them? If you just tell us it was Carter, you can go home. An officer arrives to administer a lie-detector test and looks both men in the eye as he tells them that if they lie, he'll ensure they get the electric chair. Four months later, the day before his 20th birthday, Artis is out buying soda. He turns to find a shotgun under his chin. He and Carter are arrested for triple murder. Magazine article on the murders at the Lafayette. A month after the shooting at the Lafayette, Hazel Tanis succumbed to her injuries. No dying declaration was taken from the waitress, but Detective De Simone was now investigating a triple homicide. And he was about to get a lucky break. Bello was on the lookout while Bradley, a career criminal, was trying to break into a nearby metal company. According to his testimony, he heard three or four loud bangs. More likely to be a band in the bar than a gun, he told himself, and he carried on walking. He saw two men come out of the Lafayette, one carrying a pistol, the other a shotgun. One, he said, was Rubin Carter; the other, John Artis. The grizzled De Simone was suspicious. Equally, Bello's story wasn't complete. It later emerged that, after watching the two gunmen leave, Bello went into the bar. He saw Marins' body, with Tanis dying in the corner. Trustworthy or not, it was all De Simone had. He charged Carter and Artis and the case went to trial on 7 April Life imprisonment awaited Carter and Artis. There was no death penalty, however; a juror later said of Artis: "We didn't want to kill the kid. Prisoner number was described on his admission sheet as a "hostile, aggressive individual" who, according to the prison psychologist, would be "manipulative and violent to obtain his self-centered desires". Carter arrived at Trenton State Prison in and immediately informed the authorities that he would not wear the prison uniform, he would not work in the prison, he would not eat the prison food and he would not do anything for the guards. Then you are going to have to kill me. Right then, and right here, because if you don't kill me, I will kill you. Carter was angry at the justice system, at the police, at everyone. He would only let his wife and baby daughter visit him once a month, fearing that his wife would be badly affected. Not that he was in a position to receive visitors. Soon after arriving, he was sent to the hole. The hole. A prison within a prison. It was solitary confinement; a tiny, dark room in the bowels of the prison, containing a concrete slab of a bed and a bucket in place of a toilet. While he was there, Carter felt unwell; there was something wrong with his eye. The prison doctor diagnosed a detached retina, which Carter put down to an old boxing injury. Other prisoners thought it was the result of a fight in the mess hall. Carter was in pain and, if it wasn't treated, it would end the boxing career he intended to resume on his release. He wanted to have the operation outside prison but the authorities would not let him leave the grounds. He had the surgery in the prison hospital. When he woke, he could see nothing but darkness out of his right eye. His sight was gone. His days as the 'Hurricane' were over. Fred Hogan was lying in bed in his barracks in Germany, reading clippings sent by his father about his old friend Rubin. He felt something wasn't right; his former sparring partner didn't seem to have been given a fair trial. Before long, he was sleeping in a cell to cut down his travelling time. He called himself number and-a-half - midway between Carter and Artis' prison numbers. Hogan began digging. He went to visit Bradley, who brandished a baseball bat as he welcomed him to the house. He went to the jail where Bello was serving time. Bello mentioned he had been promised a reward for his testimony; Bradley said he had been promised a deal that never materialised. Bello said he had seen two black guys outside the bar, but he wasn't sure it was Carter or Artis. Bradley agreed. His fury at his trial - the fact he was "tried by 12 white folks" rather than ", , Stevie Wonder… this was the jury of my peers" - channelled into his writing. Using toilet paper, the only material to hand, Carter painstakingly wrote his autobiography, which was smuggled out by any means possible. A copy of The Sixteenth Round made its way to Dylan. Dylan finished his tour of England in and, on his way home, made a detour to the Clinton Correctional Facility, where Carter awaited him. The song became the heartbeat of Dylan's tour, which included that special show inside Carter's prison. Ali was brought into the fold by Lipton, an old friend of Carter's. Carter and Ali did not like each other; Carter found Ali rude, while Ali was wary of Carter's friendship with rival boxer Sonny Liston. But Lipton knew the importance of having someone as well respected as Ali on board. Two weeks later, after their rivalry played out in front of one billion viewers, Frazier and Ali stood together to speak in Carter's defence. As the celebrities kept the case in the public eye, Hogan worked the legal side. He got hold of a tape on which Bello was told he would be looked after should he identify Carter and Artis. These transcripts had not been seen by the defence teams at the original trial. Madison Square Garden hosted one of Carter's biggest victories. Now, in , it was full of people fighting for his freedom. Carter was there in spirit if not body as Dylan, Stevie Wonder and Isaac Hayes took to the stage to raise money for Carter's legal fund. The money was more important than ever - now a retrial had been ordered, Carter would only be able to get out of prison before the proceedings if he could post bail. But there was no sign of the concert money. Carter suspected a thief in the ranks. At Deer Lake training camp, Muhammad Ali's phone rang. It was Carter. He needed money. Ali wanted to know how much; Carter said it would be substantial. John doesn't have any money. The next day, Carter and Artis stood on the court steps, blinking into the glare of the camera lights. They were free. For now. Artis went to visit the Lafayette Bar, to stand in the place where the triple murder he had been accused of had occurred. The Carters had no money. Daughter Theodora watched as the family had their benefits cut off now her father was free. Both were wary. Artis had butterflies as he made his way to his seat. Carter was composed but feeling abandoned; he believed the famous friends who had attached themselves to his cause had disappeared once he had been released. Things quickly went wrong. Bello once again changed his statement to place Carter and Artis at the scene, and the prosecution introduced a devastating racial revenge theory. Before the Lafayette shooting, a black publican - Roy Holloway - was murdered by a white man - Frank Conforti. Holloway's step-son was Eddie Rawls, a barman at the club where Carter and Artis had been on the night of the murders. Boxer Rubin Carter dies at 76

Dylan became aware of Carter's plight after reading the boxer's autobiography. He met Carter and co-wrote "Hurricane,'' which he performed on his Rolling Thunder Revue tour in Muhammad Ali also spoke out on Carter's behalf, while advertising art director and other celebrities also worked toward Carter's release. With a network of friends and volunteers also advocating for him, Carter eventually won his release from U. District Judge H. Lee Sarokin, who wrote that Carter's prosecution had been "predicated upon an appeal to racism rather than reason, and concealment rather than disclosure. Born on May 6, , into a family of seven children, Carter struggled with a hereditary speech impediment and was sent to a juvenile reform center at 12 after an assault. He escaped and joined the Army in , experiencing racial segregation and learning to box while in West Germany. Carter then committed a series of muggings after returning home, spending four years in various state prisons. He began his pro boxing career in after his release, winning 20 of his first 24 fights mostly by stoppage. Carter was fairly short for a middleweight at 5-foot-8, but his aggression and high punch volume made him effective. His shaved head and menacing glower gave him an imposing ring presence, but also contributed to a menacing aura outside the ring. He was also quoted as joking about killing police officers in a story in the Saturday Evening Post which was later cited by Carter as a cause of his troubles with police. Although his career appeared to be on a downswing before he was implicated in the murders, Carter was hoping for a second middleweight title shot. Carter and Artis were questioned after being spotted in the area of the murders in Carter's white car, which vaguely matched witnesses' descriptions. Both cited alibis and were released, but were arrested months later. A case relying largely on the testimony of thieves Alfred Bello and Arthur Bradley resulted in a conviction in June Carter defied his prison guards from the first day of his incarceration, spending time in solitary confinement because of it. I refused to work their jobs, and I would have refused to breathe the prison's air if I could have done so. Carter eventually wrote and spoke eloquently about his plight, publishing his autobiography, "The Sixteenth Round,'' in Benefit concerts were held for his legal defense. After his release, Carter moved to Toronto, where he served as the executive director of the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted from to He received two honorary doctorates for his work. Director Norman Jewison made Carter's story into a well-reviewed biographical film, with Washington working closely alongside Carter to capture the boxer's transformation and redemption. Washington won a Golden Globe for the role. He lost about 7, days of his life, and he's love. He's all love. Griffith was furious. He went hard at Carter the next day. Too hard. Carter took aim and floored him in two minutes 13 seconds. The first paramedic to arrive at the Lafayette Bar slips on the blood that is spreading across the floor. Two people are dead; Tanis is clinging to life. She and Marins are taken to hospital as detectives, officers and civilians surround the bar. Less than a mile away, John Artis - a black, year-old track star - is ready for home after an evening's dancing at the Nite Spot. Looking around for a lift, Artis sees Carter, a regular he met a couple of weeks before. Artis yells out; Carter throws him the keys to his car - white, with New York plates and triangular tail lights - and tells him to drive. John Bucks Royster, a drifter who has had too much to drink, gets in the front while Carter lies down across the back seats. Artis sets off, but six minutes later the interior of the car is lit up by headlights. A police car's headlights. He pulls over, nervous - he's never been in any trouble before. Carter sits up as the police officer leans in and tells them he is "looking for two negroes". The officer recognises Carter and greets him, then asks to see Artis' licence. He hands it over and, after it is inspected, Artis is told he can go. Carter lies back down and directs Artis to his house, wanting to pick up some more money before heading back out to the bars. Artis pulls up outside Carter's house. The boxer takes 15 minutes to get in, get some money and get back in the car. The fight - reigning champion against loose cannon - took place against a backdrop of racial tension. That same year, there was trouble in Paterson, where Carter lived. What started as a group of black teenagers throwing rocks at cars turned into a three-day race riot, with of the area's officers on the streets. In the build-up to the Giardello fight he talked about his love of guns - "We'd go out in the streets and start fighting, anybody, everybody. We used to shoot at folks" - and bragged that he had once stabbed a man "everywhere but the bottom of his feet". I'd just do it quicker. The light bounced off Carter's bald head as he entered the ring, clad in silk. Victory would see him take the world title. He started well, body blow after body blow pushing Giardello back, but he could not deliver the final strike. Thirty minutes since he left the Nite Spot, he's been stopped again by the same officer as before. But this time, he has more company, and he orders Artis to follow him. They drive through the night in convoy to the Lafayette Bar. They are told to get out of the car. Artis is baffled; Carter suspicious. They stand by the police cars and watch as two bodies, shrouded in sheets, are brought out of the building. Artis realises this isn't good. The next thing he knows, he's at the hospital, being walked through the hubbub towards a bed. On it lies Marins, one eye patched up, doctors and nurses swarming around him. An officer, a man with a huge scar across his face, approaches Marins and asks him bluntly: "Are these the men that shot you? He looks at Carter and Artis standing next to each other. A second ticks by. He shakes his head. There's no time for relief. Artis and Carter are whisked to the police station, where Detective Vincent de Simone, a man who Artis thinks resembles a bulldog after taking a wartime blast to the face, interviews them. For 17 hours, the questions come to Artis. Did Carter shoot them? If you just tell us it was Carter, you can go home. An officer arrives to administer a lie-detector test and looks both men in the eye as he tells them that if they lie, he'll ensure they get the electric chair. Four months later, the day before his 20th birthday, Artis is out buying soda. He turns to find a shotgun under his chin. He and Carter are arrested for triple murder. Magazine article on the murders at the Lafayette. A month after the shooting at the Lafayette, Hazel Tanis succumbed to her injuries. No dying declaration was taken from the waitress, but Detective De Simone was now investigating a triple homicide. And he was about to get a lucky break. Bello was on the lookout while Bradley, a career criminal, was trying to break into a nearby metal company. According to his testimony, he heard three or four loud bangs. More likely to be a band in the bar than a gun, he told himself, and he carried on walking. He saw two men come out of the Lafayette, one carrying a pistol, the other a shotgun. One, he said, was Rubin Carter; the other, John Artis. The grizzled De Simone was suspicious. Equally, Bello's story wasn't complete. It later emerged that, after watching the two gunmen leave, Bello went into the bar. He saw Marins' body, with Tanis dying in the corner. Trustworthy or not, it was all De Simone had. He charged Carter and Artis and the case went to trial on 7 April Life imprisonment awaited Carter and Artis. There was no death penalty, however; a juror later said of Artis: "We didn't want to kill the kid. Prisoner number was described on his admission sheet as a "hostile, aggressive individual" who, according to the prison psychologist, would be "manipulative and violent to obtain his self-centered desires". Carter arrived at Trenton State Prison in and immediately informed the authorities that he would not wear the prison uniform, he would not work in the prison, he would not eat the prison food and he would not do anything for the guards. Then you are going to have to kill me. Right then, and right here, because if you don't kill me, I will kill you. Carter was angry at the justice system, at the police, at everyone. He would only let his wife and baby daughter visit him once a month, fearing that his wife would be badly affected. Not that he was in a position to receive visitors. Soon after arriving, he was sent to the hole. The hole. A prison within a prison. It was solitary confinement; a tiny, dark room in the bowels of the prison, containing a concrete slab of a bed and a bucket in place of a toilet. While he was there, Carter felt unwell; there was something wrong with his eye. The prison doctor diagnosed a detached retina, which Carter put down to an old boxing injury. Other prisoners thought it was the result of a fight in the mess hall. Carter was in pain and, if it wasn't treated, it would end the boxing career he intended to resume on his release. He wanted to have the operation outside prison but the authorities would not let him leave the grounds. He had the surgery in the prison hospital. When he woke, he could see nothing but darkness out of his right eye. His sight was gone. His days as the 'Hurricane' were over. Fred Hogan was lying in bed in his barracks in Germany, reading clippings sent by his father about his old friend Rubin. He felt something wasn't right; his former sparring partner didn't seem to have been given a fair trial. Before long, he was sleeping in a cell to cut down his travelling time. He called himself number and-a-half - midway between Carter and Artis' prison numbers. Hogan began digging. He went to visit Bradley, who brandished a baseball bat as he welcomed him to the house. He went to the jail where Bello was serving time. Bello mentioned he had been promised a reward for his testimony; Bradley said he had been promised a deal that never materialised. Bello said he had seen two black guys outside the bar, but he wasn't sure it was Carter or Artis. Bradley agreed. His fury at his trial - the fact he was "tried by 12 white folks" rather than "Muhammad Ali, Bob Dylan, Stevie Wonder… this was the jury of my peers" - channelled into his writing. Using toilet paper, the only material to hand, Carter painstakingly wrote his autobiography, which was smuggled out by any means possible. A copy of The Sixteenth Round made its way to Dylan. Dylan finished his tour of England in and, on his way home, made a detour to the Clinton Correctional Facility, where Carter awaited him. The song became the heartbeat of Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue tour, which included that special show inside Carter's prison. Ali was brought into the fold by Lipton, an old friend of Carter's. Carter and Ali did not like each other; Carter found Ali rude, while Ali was wary of Carter's friendship with rival boxer Sonny Liston. But Lipton knew the importance of having someone as well respected as Ali on board. Two weeks later, after their rivalry played out in front of one billion viewers, Frazier and Ali stood together to speak in Carter's defence. As the celebrities kept the case in the public eye, Hogan worked the legal side. He got hold of a tape on which Bello was told he would be looked after should he identify Carter and Artis. These transcripts had not been seen by the defence teams at the original trial. Madison Square Garden hosted one of Carter's biggest victories. Now, in , it was full of people fighting for his freedom. Carter was there in spirit if not body as Dylan, Stevie Wonder and Isaac Hayes took to the stage to raise money for Carter's legal fund. The money was more important than ever - now a retrial had been ordered, Carter would only be able to get out of prison before the proceedings if he could post bail. But there was no sign of the concert money. Carter suspected a thief in the ranks. At Deer Lake training camp, Muhammad Ali's phone rang. It was Carter. He needed money. Ali wanted to know how much; Carter said it would be substantial. John doesn't have any money. The next day, Carter and Artis stood on the court steps, blinking into the glare of the camera lights. They were free. For now. Artis went to visit the Lafayette Bar, to stand in the place where the triple murder he had been accused of had occurred. The Carters had no money. Daughter Theodora watched as the family had their benefits cut off now her father was free. Both were wary. This is the story of a raging bull who learned to accommodate that rage. Rubin Carter was a boxer on the threshold of the Middleweight Championship, with all the celebrity and wealth that would have conferred, when he was picked off the streets of Paterson, New Jersey by the police and accused of first degree murder in a bar-room shooting. It was , when America was gripped by racial rioting and burgeoning Black Power movements. Rubin faced an all-white jury. He was convicted. Liberal America adopted the campaign to release him in the s - Candice Bergen, Mohammad Ali and Bob Dylan all protested for his release - but he remained in jail until Then, one man doggedly self-educated in the law finally achieved what years of high-profile lobbying had not: he freed Rubin Carter and righted one of the most significant cases of American injustice this century. It is the story of a troublesome but gifted man, a paratrooper, a boxer, from the poorer side of the tracks, who was crudely and cruelly convicted of a crime he did not commit. Failed by the justice process, Rubin Carter proved himself a fighter all over again outside of the boxing ring, and a genuine hero in the process. Shipping and handling. The seller has not specified a shipping method to Germany. Contact the seller - opens in a new window or tab and request shipping to your location. Shipping cost cannot be calculated. Please enter a valid ZIP Code. Shipping to: Australia, United States, Canada. No additional import charges at delivery! This item will be shipped through the Global Shipping Program and includes international tracking. Learn more - opens in a new window or tab. There are 25 items available. Please enter a number less than or equal to Select a valid country. Please enter 5 or 9 numbers for the ZIP Code. Handling time. Will ship within 15 business days of receiving cleared payment. The seller has specified an extended handling time for this item. Taxes may be applicable at checkout. Return policy. Refer to eBay Return policy for more details. You are covered by the eBay Money Back Guarantee if you receive an item that is not as described in the listing. Hurricane: The Life of Rubin Carter, Fighter by James S. Hirsch. | eBay

Artis planned to bring some of the ashes to a horse farm in Kentucky the boxer loved. I'm ready for it. But it's really going to have to take me because I'm positive to the end. Skip to navigation. Boxer Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter dies at Pound-for-pound: Teofimo Lopez Jr. Lomachenko recovering from shoulder surgery. Lomachenko's manager not happy with judge. Arum: Lopez weighs options for next opponent. Boxing judge investigated for looking at phone. Garcia-Campbell on Dec. Joshua to fight Pulev on Dec. Andrade to face Harrison in Nov. Boxing stardom fits Teofimo Lopez, the man who toppled Vasiliy Lomachenko. Loma-Lopez takeaways: Teofimo Lopez's victory gives boxing a boost, Berlanga needs a challenge. Arnold Barboza Jr. The remarkable KO streak of super middleweight Edgar Berlanga. Is Fury-Wilder 3 really doomed? How does new featherweight titlist Emanuel Navarrete stack up against the best in the division? MMA, boxing and wrestling are all facing a major issue: a cracked combat sports pipeline. Can Kell Brook upset Terence Crawford? Is this the right fight for both? Will Taylor-Ramirez finally happen? Divisional rankings -- The top 10 fighters per division. Are the Charlos elite champions? Who has the edge in Taylor-Ramirez? Josh Taylor's incredible path to the top includes a near-death experience and a few motorcycle crashes. Near one end of the bar, he remembers hearing Tanis groan in pain. Gazing across the room, past the pool table, Lawless noticed Nauyoks and Marins. Pools of blood dotted the linoleum. At Nauyoks' feet sat a spent shotgun shell. Before he had time to check behind the bar, Lawless heard the sirens of approaching police cruisers and an ambulance. Indeed, the scene was so gruesome that an ambulance technician would later testify that he slipped on the bloody floor. But the technician's testimony underscores a fact that has since come to hover over the killings: Cops were so lax in securing the crime scene that they were never able to detect whether the killers might have left footprints in the blood as they departed. What's more, police never took fingerprints at the crime scene, never photographed tire skid marks from the getaway car even though witnesses said the car screeched away, never took fingerprints from the spent shotgun shell that was found on the bar's floor. How come they didn't take fingerprints? Caruso, now a lawyer in Brick Township and one of several members of the team who raised questions about the original police investigation, said he was eventually reassigned to "cleaning up a file room. That night in June , there was no second- guessing of the police. After Lawless entered the bar, other detectives arrived to take over. Lawless had another important case to resolve — a killing in another bar that night. But at that moment, as he stood on the bloody floor of the Lafayette Grill, he did not know how the two shootings would eventually be linked in the minds of prosecutors. Six hours earlier and five blocks away from the Lafayette Grill, another bartender had been shot to death. The death of Leroy Holloway, 48, the bartender-owner of the Waltz Inn, bore three distinct parallels to the Lafayette Grill shootings. Holloway was killed with a blast from a gauge shotgun. The killer did not steal any money. And — perhaps most significant to prosecutors — Holloway's killer had a different skin color from his. Jim Lawless had spent much of the previous six hours collecting evidence and interviewing witnesses at the Waltz Inn. But unlike the Lafayette killings, the Waltz Inn case was relatively easy to wrap up. The killer, Frank Conforti, 48, who had recently sold the bar to Holloway, had stormed into the Waltz Inn to confront Holloway about lax payments. Witnesses said Conforti and Holloway argued, and then Conforti left and went to his car. Minutes later, Conforti returned and without saying a word shot Holloway in the head, killing him instantly. Police soon arrived, and escorted the handcuffed Conforti through a gauntlet of black residents to a waiting police car. Conforti was eventually convicted of second-degree murder and spent almost 15 years in prison. Vanecek of Wayne. Whatever the motives, the clientele at the Waltz Inn and Lafayette Grill underscored a well-known fact of life in Paterson. Like much of America in , Paterson was a city divided by color lines. When it came to taverns, whites had their neighborhood bars, like the Lafayette Grill, and blacks had theirs, like the Waltz Inn. The Lafayette Grill was on what was considered a border of sorts, a line of streets and frame homes that was slowly being integrated by black and Hispanic residents. Lafayette bartender James Oliver was said to have excluded or discouraged black patrons, according to trial testimony. But that may be more of an accident of social customs than an outright act of racism. Paterson police say the Lafayette Grill occasionally had black customers. Bill Panagia, 64 of South Hackensack, the son of owner Betty Panagia and an occasional bartender there, said he doubted there was a whites-only code, but "every time I went in there, there were only whites. To go back 34 years in Paterson or many other American cities is to return to a time when America's racial crucible boiled with idealistic promise and fiery violence. Congress had passed landmark legislation to expand civil rights and social programs to eradicate poverty. And in Harlem, Malcolm X had been gunned down by three black men, one of whom was from Paterson. Newark's devastating riots were still a year away, the assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. In Paterson that night, police immediately suspected that the shooting of whites at the Lafayette Grill might have been an act of revenge for Leroy Holloway's killing at the Waltz Inn. Their suspicions were not just based on a hunch, though. After Holloway was pronounced dead, his stepson, Eddie Rawls, went to police headquarters. Speaking to an officer, he wanted to know what was being done on his stepfather's case. The officer told Rawls not to worry. But Rawls was not satisfied, according to trial and grand jury testimony. As he left the police station, Rawls reportedly shouted that if police didn't handle the case properly, he would take matters into his own hands. The Nite Spot was Rubin Carter's favorite hangout. The place even had a special "champ's corner" for the popular boxer. For prosecutors, this mere coming together of Rawls, Carter, and Artis became the basis for what they later called their "racial revenge theory" to explain the killings at the Lafayette Grill. For Carter and Artis, the theory would become one of the cornerstones of a decision by a federal judge in to free them from prison. On Thursday, June 16, Carter spent the day assembling boxing equipment and packing his rental car, a white Dodge Polara with blue and gold New York plates. He was scheduled to fight in August in Argentina against Juan "Rocky" Rivero, and this would be his last chance to let loose before training camp. Carter's boxing career had suddenly reached a plateau. After four years of success, Carter lost a fight for the middleweight title. He would win only seven of his next 14 fights, losing six and tying one. By Monday, he planned to be at a former sheep farm in Chatham, where he would begin the harsh physical regimen of running, weight lifting, and boxing that he would need to put his career back on track. Carter had dinner at his Paterson home with his wife at about 5 p. With his shaved head and bushy goatee, he was one of the most recognizable residents of Paterson. Artis was also looking to have a good time. One of his best friends was also heading to Adams to play football. But only five weeks after graduation, Artis' mother died of kidney disease. Artis, an only child, remembers being devastated. Artis put off college and got a job driving a truck for a local food deliverer. He played semi-pro football with the Paterson Panthers and kept in shape. But most nights, he headed for a club where he could show off his dancing skills. By , he felt he was ready to try college. Plus, Artis was worried about being drafted into the Army and being sent to Vietnam. He had recently lost his student deferment and had been reclassified as 1-A for the draft. If he went to college, he wouldn't be drafted. On the night of June 16, Artis put on a light blue mohair sweater with his initials monogrammed on the breast, light-blue pants, and gold suede loafers. What happened with Carter and Artis over the next six hours is open to all manner of speculation — even today. Carter and Artis, a decade apart in age, knew each other — both acknowledge that. But both say they did not know each other well. Prosecutors, however, say the two had spent considerable time together before June Paterson's current mayor, Marty Barnes, who knew Carter and Artis in the s, said the two "didn't really hang together. He was a little too young. By , Carter was well known in Paterson — and not just as a boxer. Like many black athletes, he had begun to speak out on race relations. In , Carter went to Washington, D. In , however, Carter opted not to march with King in Selma, Alabama, because he feared he couldn't adhere to King's strategy of non-violence. Perhaps most controversial, however, was a profile of Carter in the Saturday Evening Post just before his middleweight title fight. Among other things, Carter reportedly suggested to a friend that they "get guns and go up there and get us some of those police. Carter was at the Nite Spot tavern, according to trial testimony, when Eddie Rawls arrived with the news of his stepfather's murder. What happened next is open to speculation. Prosecutors insist that Carter started talking about guns that had been stolen from him a year earlier — and that he suddenly wanted to find them. Carter denies this. Carter notes, however, that after the news of the murder of Rawls' stepfather, many blacks talked of a possible riot or some sort of trouble — "a shaking," as Carter described it in his grand jury testimony. Sometime between 2 and a. Artis said he needed a ride home and remembers Carter telling him he had to "earn" his ride — meaning that Artis would have to drive Carter home, too. What emerged next is a tale with two distinct plots — or, as U. Carter landed a few solid rights to the head in the fourth that left Giardello staggering, but was unable to follow them up, and Giardello took control of the fight in the fifth round. The judges awarded Giardello a unanimous decision. After that fight, Carter's ranking in The Ring began to decline. Carter's career record in boxing was 27 wins, 12 losses, and one draw in 40 fights, with 19 total 8 KOs and 11 TKOs. Hazel Tanis died in hospital a month later, having suffered multiple wounds from shotgun pellets ; a third customer, Willie Marins, survived the attack, despite a head wound that cost him the sight in one eye. When questioned, both told police the shooters had been black males, though neither identified Carter or John Artis. Ten minutes after the murders, around AM, a police cruiser stopped Carter and Artis in a rental car, returning from a night out at the Nite Spot, a nearby bar; Carter was in the back, with Artis driving, and a third man, John Royster, in the passenger seat. The police recognised Carter, a well-known and controversial local figure, but let him go. Minutes later, the same officers solicited a description of the getaway car from two eyewitnesses outside the bar, Pauline Valentine and Al Bello. Bello later admitted he was in the area acting as a lookout while an accomplice, Arthur Bradley, broke into a nearby warehouse. At the time, he claimed to have discovered the bodies when he entered the bar to buy cigarettes; it also transpired that he took the opportunity to empty the cash register, and ran into the police as he came out. At the trial, he testified he was approaching the Lafayette when two black males, one with a shotgun , the other a pistol , came around the corner. Valentine lived above the bar, and heard the shots; like Bello, she reported seeing two black men leave the bar, then get into a white car. He then heard the screech of tires and saw a white car shoot past, heading west, with two black males in the front seat. Valentine initially stated the car had rear lights which lit up completely like butterflies; at the retrial in , she changed this to an accurate description of Carter's car, which had conventional tail-lights with aluminum decoration in a butterfly shape. Having dropped off Royster, Carter was now being driven home by Artis; they were stopped again at AM, and ordered to follow the police to the station, where they were arrested. However, variances in descriptions given by Valentine and Bello, the physical characteristics of the attackers provided by the two survivors, lack of forensic evidence, and the timeline provided by the police were key factors in the conviction being overturned in Forensics later established the victims were shot by a. There was no forensic evidence linking Carter or Artis to the murders; while gun residue tests were commonly used, DeSimone, the lead detective, later claimed he had no time to bring in an expert. He did arrange for an expert to conduct lie detector tests, which they passed; in , a second report was discovered, claiming they failed. After 17 hours of interrogation, they were released. However, several months later, Bello changed his story, after the police discovered why he was in the area, and his theft from the cash register. He positively identified Artis as one of the attackers, while Bradley now came forward to claim Carter was the other; based on this, the two were arrested and indicted. The rental car had been impounded when Carter and Artis were arrested, and retained by police; five days after their release, a detective reported that on searching it again, he discovered two unfired rounds, one. Neither matched those retrieved from the victims; the. Asked to account for these differences at the trial, the prosecution produced a second report, allegedly lodged 75 minutes after the murders which recorded the two rounds. They were unable to explain why, having that evidence, the police released the men, or why standard 'bag and tag' procedure not followed. They also argued since the expended rounds retrieved at the scene were also a mixture, the fact the two rounds did not match was meaningless; what did matter was they were the same caliber as those used in the shootings. The defense, led by Raymond A. Brown , focused on inconsistencies in the evidence given by eyewitnesses Marins and Bello. Judge Samuel Larner imposed two consecutive and one concurrent life sentences on Carter, and three concurrent life sentences on Artis. In , Bello and Bradley withdrew their identifications of Carter and Artis, and these recantations were used as the basis for a motion for a new trial. Judge Samuel Larner denied the motion on December 11, saying they "lacked the ring of truth". Despite Larner's ruling, Madison Avenue advertising executive George Lois organized a campaign on Carter's behalf, which led to increasing public support for a retrial or pardon. Muhammad Ali lent his support to the campaign including publicly wishing Carter good luck on his appeal during the airing of The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson on September 7, Bob Dylan co-wrote with and performed a song called " Hurricane " , which declared that Carter was innocent. On December 7, , Dylan performed the song at a concert at Trenton State Prison , where Carter was temporarily an inmate. However, during the hearing on the recantations, defense attorneys also argued that Bello and Bradley had lied during the trial, telling the jurors that they had made only certain narrow, limited deals with prosecutors in exchange for their trial testimony. A detective taped one interrogation of Bello in , and when it was played during the recantation hearing, defense attorneys argued that the tape revealed promises beyond what Bello had testified to. If so, prosecutors had either had a Brady obligation to disclose this additional exculpatory evidence, or a duty to disclose the fact that their witnesses had lied on the stand. Larner denied this second argument as well, but the New Jersey Supreme Court unanimously held that the evidence of various deals made between the prosecution and witnesses Bello and Bradley should have been disclosed to the defense before or during the trial as this could have "affected the jury's evaluation of the credibility" of the eyewitnesses. Despite the difficulties of prosecuting a ten-year-old case, Prosecutor Burrell Ives Humphreys decided to try Carter and Artis again. To ensure, as best he could, that he did not use perjured testimony to obtain a conviction, Humphreys had Bello polygraphed —once by Leonard H. Harrelson and a second time by Richard Arther, both well-known and respected experts in the field. Both men concluded that Bello was telling the truth when he said that he had seen Carter outside the Lafayette immediately after the murders. However, Harrelson also reported orally that Bello had been inside the bar shortly before and at the time of the shooting, a conclusion that contradicted Bello's trial testimony wherein he had said that he had been on the street at the time of the shooting. Despite this oral report, Harrelson's subsequent written report stated that Bello's testimony had been truthful. During the new trial in , Alfred Bello repeated his testimony, identifying Carter and Artis as the two armed men he had seen outside the Lafayette Grill. Bradley refused to cooperate with prosecutors, and neither prosecution nor defense called him as a witness. The defense responded with testimony from multiple witnesses who identified Carter at the locations he claimed to be at when the murders happened. Hogan was asked on cross examinations whether any bribes or inducements were offered to Bello to secure his recantation, which Hogan denied. The court also heard testimony from a Carter associate that Passaic County prosecutors had tried to pressure her into testifying against Carter. Prosecutors denied the charge. Judge Leopizzi re-imposed the same sentences on both men: a double life sentence for Carter, a single life sentence for Artis. Artis was paroled in In , the Supreme Court of New Jersey affirmed his convictions 4—3. Although the justices felt that the prosecutors should have disclosed Harrelson's oral opinion about Bello's location at the time of the murders to the defense, only a minority thought this was material. The majority thus concluded that the prosecution had not withheld information the Brady disclosure law required them to provide to the defense. According to bail bondswoman Carolyn Kelley, in — she helped raise funds to win a second trial for Carter, which resulted in his release on bail in March On a fund-raising trip the following month, Kelley said the boxer beat her severely over a disputed hotel bill. The Daily News reported the alleged beating in a front-page story several weeks later, and celebrity support for Carter quickly eroded, though Carter denied the accusation and there was insufficient evidence for legal prosecution. In , Carter's attorneys filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal court. Later that year, Judge Haddon Lee Sarokin of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey granted the writ, noting that the prosecution had been "predicated upon an appeal to racism rather than reason, and concealment rather than disclosure", and set aside the convictions. Prosecutors appealed Sarokin's ruling to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals and filed a motion with the court to return Carter to prison pending the outcome of the appeal. The prosecutors appealed to the United States Supreme Court , which declined to hear the case. Prosecutors therefore could have tried Carter and Artis a third time, but decided not to, and filed a motion to dismiss the original indictments. Cary Edwards. Goceljak said several factors made a retrial impossible, including Bello's "current unreliability" as a witness and the unavailability of other witnesses. Goceljak also doubted whether the prosecution could reintroduce the racially motivated crime theory due to the federal court rulings. Carter's second marriage was to Lisa Peters. In , Carter, then 59, was arrested when Toronto police mistakenly identified him as a suspect in his thirties believed to have sold drugs to an undercover officer.

Hurricane: The story of Rubin Carter - BBC News

A title card before the film admits that some characters have been composited or invented, and some incidents fictionalised. That's fair enough, of course — though viewers would do well to keep the disclaimer at the front of their minds throughout. Having established the crime, the film delves into Carter's youth. It is true that he ran away from a juvenile detention centre and joined the army, but in The Hurricane he appears to emerge from it with full honours. In real life, he underwent four court martials for various behavioural and discipline offences and was eventually discharged as "unfit for military service". He was afterwards convicted of three muggings. Perhaps the film-makers felt that this background made Carter an unsympathetic character — but, in real life, the fact that Carter didn't get on with army authority and had a criminal record was part of his story. Nothing in his background made it any more acceptable that he was wrongfully convicted of three murders. As an alternative narrative, the film chooses to establish Carter's alienation as a black man through a middleweight title fight in On screen, Carter clearly wins over defender — but the white judges award the title to the white Giardello anyway. It's one of those incidents that the flimsy opening disclaimer is presumably supposed to cover. Carter, by now back in Trenton State, did not take visitors. He did not write letters. He did not interact with the outside world. Maybe it was the messy handwriting that made him curious enough to open this letter. It struck him how nice it was. And he wrote back. A few months later, a scared, frozen young man stood in the middle of what had once been the execution room, staring across at Carter. He told him about the Canadians that he lived with, and slowly, gradually, Carter became part of their family. Lisa Peters, the head of the commune, was not a woman to be messed with. She did not mind arguing with Carter, or telling him he was wrong. She decided they were going to free Carter. Habeas corpus. The last form of appeal. A way for Carter to protest that his imprisonment was not lawful. To present a case, a person has to prove they have exhausted all other legal avenues. And Carter was all out of options. He felt no-one could understand; not even Artis, who had been released on parole in for good behaviour and his role in stopping a prison riot. It was all or nothing. This time, there would be no trial. No jury. No court. No-one would rule on guilt or innocence. Just a judge, who would read the page submission that contained Carter's last shot at freedom, and decide if the defendants received a fair trial. Lee Sarokin had not heard of Carter, and ignored his children when they urged him to listen to the Dylan song. Instead, he read the petition. What he read troubled him. Firstly, the racial revenge theory; a prosecutor during the trial had said something to the effect of "this is what black people do". There was also the Bello problem. Sarokin noted Bello had been given a lie-detector test, but not told the result directly; instead the prosecution had hinted to him the story he told about Carter and Artis being the gunmen had come through as true on the lie detector. Sarokin believed Bello had picked up this version not because it was the truth, but because someone had told him it was. Carter's lawyers ran to the courthouse on 7 November They flipped straight to the final pages of Sarokin's verdict, where the words leapt off the page. This case was predicated upon an appeal to racism, rather than reason, and concealment, rather than disclosure. The next day, Carter was brought to the courthouse. The room was packed, his supporters watching. There was still a chance Carter could go through another trial, should the prosecutors wish. On his way in to court, Carter passed his sheepskin coat to another man, who silently handed him his blue jacket. Carter was leaving prison today, either as a free man or in disguise. The prosecution claimed Carter was unchanged; a violent man who would always be a danger to the public. Sarokin retired to his chambers to reflect. He came out and looked Carter straight in the eye as he said he would be set free, into the custody of his lawyers. He was not to leave the country in case the prosecution could force a third trial. Nineteen years after he left the Nite Spot in New Jersey, Carter could go back to his everyday existence. Thirteen times the state of New Jersey appealed against the decision. Thirteen times they failed. Carter had what he most wanted - his freedom. The freedom to travel, as he did by moving to Canada two years after his release. The freedom to love, which he did by divorcing Mae Thelma and marrying Peters. Carter's relationship with Peters was complex. He loved her, but he didn't like her; he adored her strength, but he didn't want to spend any time around her. Part of him wanted to stay, to repay the debts the Canadians had incurred when they framed their lives around getting him released from prison. But he felt trapped, a trophy horse with no money of his own, a bird in a gilded cage. One Christmas, Carter had had enough. He knocked on Lesra Martin's university door but he found himself drifting back and forth between there and the commune, unable to settle. For nine years, Carter was a nomad. But he found purpose working with the wrongfully convicted. This time, Carter was the celebrity, working on the outside to free those inside. Carter liked that he worked with ordinary people, bound together by a feeling that something was wrong. He helped Guy Paul Morin, imprisoned for rape and murder in , secure his release after 11 years in prison. He headed the charity Association in Defence of the Wrongfully Convicted, which fought to have Clarence Chance and Benjamin Powell freed 17 years after they were convicted of murdering a deputy sheriff. But Carter was still angry. Artis and Carter's lives had been intertwined for 19 years. They became entwined once more when Carter was diagnosed with cancer. Artis went to visit him; he eventually became his primary carer, nursing the man who, as a teenager, he had been told to blame for a vicious triple murder. Artis watched Carter fight, as he had throughout his career, but as time went on, he began to fade. Artis saw him disappearing, his weight dropping to a little over six stone. Artis went upstairs one morning, and saw Carter stretch his hands up to the sky, before folding them down across his lap. David McCallum was still a child, just 16, when he was sentenced to life in prison in Carter, who had been out of prison for just two weeks, might have read about the case in the paper; heard about McCallum and his friend, Willie Stucky, sentenced to life in prison for the murder of a young boy in New York. Both had confessed, but not before they had been beaten by police officers. Both were told the other had implicated them and, unless they confessed now, things would only get worse, just as Carter and Artis had experienced all those years earlier. From his prison cell, McCallum wrote letters. Carter read one. And just as Lesra Martin had come to his aid, so he came to McCallum's. McCallum did not know what to expect when Carter visited him. What he got was a warm smile, the two sharing their experiences in prison. It was more than just a visit to Carter, though. He made it a point that, before he helped release someone, he would visit them in prison and look them in the eye. I was locked up with criminals, with rapists, with murders. I know who belongs and who does not belong in prison. From his deathbed, Carter wrote to a newspaper. His single regret in life, he said, was that McCallum was still in prison. McCallum's freedom was his dying wish. Six months after Carter's death, his wish came true. McCallum was exonerated and lives now as a free man in . Before that, there was simply the Hurricane — Rubin Carter. This is his story. Warning: This article contains swearing and graphic descriptions of violence. It wasn't just a shooting June, It's muggy in Paterson, despite it being the early hours of the morning. Two black men enter the bar. It's unusual; the Lafayette doesn't serve black patrons. Even more unusual is what they hold in their hands. One has a shotgun, the other a pistol. Oliver throws a bottle at the assailants and turns his back on them. In a heartbeat, he is on the floor, his spinal cord severed by a shotgun blast. Tanis jumps off her seat and is trying to hide when the gunmen find her. Eight bullets. Two dead. One dying. One seriously injured. All in 20 seconds. Rubin Carter always remembered a childhood hunting trip. Carter thought the driver was acting like it was his right to target them. His desire to fight didn't just extend to his own age group. His father refused to visit, so Carter put his energy into ruling the roost. A banging noise wakes her; she assumes it's Jim, closing up for the night. Valentine hears a voice - a frightened, unidentifiable voice, that cries out "oh no". She's seen enough. Pulling on a raincoat, Valentine heads downstairs and through a side door. After escaping from jail, Carter's next stop was the army. He joined in and was dispatched to Germany, where he took a liking to the bars. His transformation from ill-disciplined street fighter to professional boxer had begun. Carter spent two years honing his skills before being discharged. Carter turned professional boxer the day after being released from prison in September In , the 'Hurricane' was set to fight two-division champion . They drop off Bucks Royster, and Artis sets off home, intending to drop off Carter on the way. He never makes it. In , Carter - now a husband and father - was set to face Joey Giardello. Giardello was the world middleweight champion, but Carter was at the peak of his career. Carter never hid his dislike of the police. He also said African Americans should arm themselves for protection. They went the full 15 rounds before the referee raised Giardello's arm above his head. It was a loss that would start the decline of Carter's career. Artis is confused. Both men protest their innocence. Artis refuses to blame Carter. Learn More - opens in a new window or tab Any international shipping is paid in part to Pitney Bowes Inc. Learn More - opens in a new window or tab. Related sponsored items Feedback on our suggestions - Related sponsored items. Report item - opens in a new window or tab. Seller assumes all responsibility for this listing. Item specifics Condition: Brand New: A new, unread, unused book in perfect condition with no missing or damaged pages. See all condition definitions - opens in a new window or tab Read more about the condition. About this product. Rubin Carter is the Hurricane. A pistol shot in a bar room ruined his chances of becoming the Middleweight Champion of the World. But he did not fire the gun. Nineteen long years in prison, a massively high profile campaign to release him that failed, and the persistence of an unlikely supporter finally saw him free. This is the story of a raging bull who learned to accommodate that rage. Rubin Carter was a boxer on the threshold of the Middleweight Championship, with all the celebrity and wealth that would have conferred, when he was picked off the streets of Paterson, New Jersey by the police and accused of first degree murder in a bar-room shooting. It was , when America was gripped by racial rioting and burgeoning Black Power movements. Rubin faced an all-white jury. He was convicted. Liberal America adopted the campaign to release him in the s - Candice Bergen, Mohammad Ali and Bob Dylan all protested for his release - but he remained in jail until Then, one man doggedly self-educated in the law finally achieved what years of high-profile lobbying had not: he freed Rubin Carter and righted one of the most significant cases of American injustice this century. It is the story of a troublesome but gifted man, a paratrooper, a boxer, from the poorer side of the tracks, who was crudely and cruelly convicted of a crime he did not commit. Failed by the justice process, Rubin Carter proved himself a fighter all over again outside of the boxing ring, and a genuine hero in the process. Shipping and handling. The seller has not specified a shipping method to Germany. Contact the seller - opens in a new window or tab and request shipping to your location. Shipping cost cannot be calculated. Please enter a valid ZIP Code. Shipping to: Australia, United States, Canada. 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