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Hydrogeology of the Surficial Aquifer System Dade County, Florida

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Hydrogeology of the Surficial Aquifer System Dade County, Florida Hydrogeology of the Surficial Aquifer System Dade County, Florida _________________________________________________________________ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4108 Prepared in cooperation with the SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT _________________________________________________________________ Hydrogeology of the Surficial Aquifer System, Dade County, Florida By Johnnie E. Fish and Mark Stewart _____________________________________________________________ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4108 Prepared in cooperation with the SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Tallahassee, Florida 1991 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey District Chief Branch of Information Services U.S. Geological Survey Box 25286 Suite 3015 Federal Center 227 N. Bronough St. Denver, CO 80225 Tallahassee, FL 32301 CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose and scope ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Previous investigations................................................................................................................................ 3 Methods....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Description of study area...................................................................................................................................... 5 Geographic features..................................................................................................................................... 5 Physiographic features and natural drainage............................................................................................... 9 Water management facilities ....................................................................................................................... 9 General aquifer framework and definitions.......................................................................................................... 11 Overview ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Surficial aquifer system............................................................................................................................... 12 Biscayne aquifer................................................................................................................................. 13 Gray limestone aquifer....................................................................................................................... 16 Estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity....................................................................................... 16 Specific capacity of production wells and estimated transmissivity........................................................... 17 Earlier aquifer tests and other hydraulic analysis........................................................................................ 26 Test conducted during this study................................................................................................................. 29 Hydrogeology....................................................................................................................................................... 32 Hydraulic conductivity distribution and hydraulic conductivity of the sediments ..................................... 32 Western Dade County......................................................................................................................... 33 Eastern Dade County.......................................................................................................................... 35 Delineation of the surficial aquifer system.................................................................................................. 37 Transmissivity distribution of the surficial aquifer system ......................................................................... 42 Ground-water flow system ................................................................................................................................... 44 Present flow system..................................................................................................................................... 44 Predevelopment flow system....................................................................................................................... 47 Summary and Conclusions................................................................................................................................... 53 References cited.................................................................................................................................................... 54 PLATES 1-11. Hydrogeologic sections showing ranges of hydraulic conductivity in the surficial aquifer system and upper part of the intermediate confining layer 1. A-A’ 2. B-B’ 3. C-C’ 4. D-D’ 5. E-E’ 6. F-F’ 7. G-G’ 8. H-H’ 9. I-I’ 10. J-J’ 11. K-K’ Contents III FIGURES 1-5 Maps Showing: 1. Location of Dade County, Florida .................................................................................................. 2 2. Geographic areas of Dade County.................................................................................................. 6 3. Location of test drilling sites and hydrogeologic sections ............................................................. 7 4. Physiographic features of Dade County prior to development ...................................................... 8 5. Distribution of soil types in Dade County and their drainage characteristics ................................ 10 6a. Section showing generalized hydrogeologic framework of aquifer systems in Dade County.............. 11 6b.-6d. Hydrogeologic sections showing schematic relations of geologic formations, aquifers and semipermeable units of the surficial aquifer system across: 6b. Central Dade County (sections B-B’) ............................................................................................. 12 6c. West-central Dade county (section I-I’) ......................................................................................... 13 6d. Coastal Dade county (section K-K’)............................................................................................... 14 7-9. Maps showing: 7. Areal extent and yield of wells in the Biscayne aquifer and other aquifers of the surficial aquifer system in southern Florida ................................................................................................. 15 8. Location and range of specific capacity data for supply wells in Dade County ............................ 25 9. Location of earlier aquifer tests and hydraulic tests conducted during this investigation.............. 28 10-12. Photographs of: 10. (a) Highly porous and permeable Miami Oolite in western Dade County (from 8-10 feet below land surface, site G-3311), and (b) porous, shelly, highly permeable limestone of the Fort Thompson Formation in western Dade County (from 28 feet below land surface, site G-3296) ...................................................................................................................... 33 11. (a) Calcareous sandstone with shells, porous and highly permeable, of the Tamiami Formation in southwestern Dade County (from 47-50 feet below land surface, site G-3323); and (b) gray, sandy, shelly, highly permeable limestone of the Tamiami Formation in western Dade County (from 117-120 feet below land surface, site G-3301)........................................................................................................................................... 34 12. (a) Highly porous and permeable Miami Oolite in eastern Dade County (from 20-22 feet below land surface, site G-3320); (b) Key Largo Limestone, with sandy limestone and coral, in northeastern Dade County (from 60-70 feet below land surface, site G-3300); and (c) calcareous, permeable sandstone of the upper part of the Tamiami Formation in eastern Dade County (from 114-117 feet below land surface, site G-3307).............................. 36 13-16. Contour maps showing configuration of the: 13. Base of the surficial aquifer system in Dade County ..................................................................... 38 14. Top and approximate eastern limit of the gray limestone aquifer in Dade County........................ 39 15. Base and approximate eastern limit of the gray limestone aquifer in Dade County ...................... 40 16. Base and approximate
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