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When Galaxies Collide

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When Galaxies Collide When Galaxies Collide Institute for Astronomy Open House April 29, 2007 The Milky Way from Mauna Kea The Milky Way from the Onizuka Center on Mauna Kea, May 2001. Barney Magrath. The Milky Way Galaxy All-sky view of the Milky Way. Axel Mellinger. Milky Way in Infrared Light Milky Way in IR. COBE, NASA. The “Needle” Galaxy Edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4565 in Coma Berenices. ARGO Cooperative Observatory. A Spiral Galaxy Spiral Galaxy NGC 4414 in Canes Venatici. HST, NASA. The “Sombrero” Galaxy Spiral galaxy NGC 4594 in Virgo. HST, NASA. An Elliptical Galaxy Elliptical galaxy NGC 4486 in Virgo. CFHT. Peculiar Galaxies An assortment of peculiar galaxies. John Hibbard, NRAO. A Galactic Collision Colliding galaxies NGC 520. Gemini Observatory, AURA, NSF. The “Tadpole” Galaxy The “Tadpole” galaxy, UGC 10214. HST, NASA. Tidal Interactions SPIN –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Simple model of galactic collision. Alar & Juri Toomre (1972). Tidal Simulation Tidal Simulation The “Whirlpool” Galaxy The “Whirlpool” Galaxy, NGC 5194, and its companion, NGC 5195. HST, NASA. Deep Time From start to finish, a galaxy collision takes about a billion years. For comparison: • Recorded human history spans five thousand years. • Humans evolved half a million years ago. • Dinosaurs became extinct sixty-five million years ago. • Fish began evolving half a billion years ago. • Life first appeared on Earth about four billion years ago. • The Solar System is four and a half billion years old. • The Universe is almost fourteen billion years old. The “Antennae” Galaxies The “Antennae” galaxies, NGC 4038/39. HST, NASA and Francois Schweizer, OCIW. Antennae Simulation The “Mice” The Mice, NGC 4676. HST, NASA. (inset: John Hibbard, UH 88”) The Mice: Computer Simulation The “Atoms for Peace” Galaxy The “Atoms for Peace” galaxy, NGC 7252. John Hibbard, NRAO. Merger Simulations Merger simulations. Barnes (1992). What Happens to Stars and Planets? NOTHING! Stars are so far apart that the chances of a collision are practically zero. Planetary collisions are even less likely. Planetary systems are at slightly greater risk, because a passing star can disrupt planetary orbits even without hitting anything. But the chances of this during a galactic collision are no greater than they are at other times. The “Exploding Cigar” Galaxy NGC 3031 and NGC 3034. Robert Gendler. The “Exploding Cigar” galaxy, NGC 3034. HST, NASA. Arp 299, a “Supernova Factory” Arp 299. Aaron Evans, HST, NASA. Arp 220, an Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxy Arp 220 and surroundings. John Hibbard, NRAO. Arp 220 in infrared light. HST, NASA. Merger Simulations With “Gas” Mergers with gas. Barnes & Hernquist (1996). Merger With Black Holes Tiziana Di Matteo (MPE/CMU), Volker Springel (MPE) & Lars Hernquist (Harvard) A Compact Group of Galaxies HCG 87, a compact group of spiral and elliptical galaxies. HST, NASA. Stephan’s Quintet Stephan’s Quintet, a compact group of galaxies. HST NASA, ESA. Compact Group Simulation Simulation of a compact group. Barnes (2000). A Galaxy Cluster A distant cluster of galaxies. VLT, ESO. Mergers Long Ago and Far Away Mergers in a cluster 8 billion light years away. HST, NASA. Past and Future of the Milky Way Milky Way Galaxy. 2MASS. The Sagittarius Dwarf: an Ongoing Merger M54 REU Program/NOAO/AURA/NSF Milky Way (blue) and debris from Sagittarius Dwarf (red). David Law, University of Virginia. Andromeda: A Future Merger The Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224. Robert Gendler. The Fate of the Milky Way John Dubinski (CITA) & Lars Hernquist (Harvard). Thank You!.
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