1 hr talk (11:45-12:45 get on bus at 1PM, box lunch) then bus tour to dams along river until 5:30PM the refreshments at Mill 6PM.

I will give the Keynote talk on Dam Removal and the implications of that (i.e contaminants), tied back to this specific system.

Aging, safety, liability, sediments, contaminants, decision points, balancing issues, impacts of dams, impacts of removal, benefits of removal

They will be having a diversity of folks attending and speaking including hydro development folks who want to take older dams and convert them to hydro.

Audience: hydro converters, TU-fish, whitewater partnership, towns folk, land use officials, regional planning agency, NRCS, DEP, public utilites, PFISER 55 people total so that they can fit in bus. An Introduction to Dam Impacts & Dam Removal Efforts by Laura Wildman, Professional Engineer - American Rivers Introduction to Dam Impacts & Dam Removal Efforts

Bartlett Dam, Verde River, AZ Outline: Dams & Their Impacts Why Do We Remove Dams? Issues to Consider Dam Removal Example Projects

American Rivers presentation to Thames River Basin Partnership National Inventory of Dams • 78,747 Dams >25 ft w/ 15ac-ft capacity or >6ft w/ 50ac-ft capacity

• ~99,000 Dams regulated by states & in the USFWS Barrier Database

• Several Million Dams Status Report on the Nation’s Floodplain andrformance NID Measures Management Activity, 1989 (includes an estimated 2.5 million NRCS dams built as of 1977)

Oldest dam in NID

was built in 1677 in esentation on Dams Safety Pe Newington, CT

Hazard Classifications High Hazard

Significant Hazard

Low Hazard Slide source: modified from Michael Grounds ASDOS 2006 pr Thames River Basin and It’s State Listed Dams Dam & Barrier Types Dams Types: Other Barriers:

Earth Culverts Gravity Stream Paving Earth and Rock Levees / Floodwalls Timber/Rock Fill Hydraulic Barriers Variable Radius Arch Sediment Barriers Hydraulic Fill Tide Gates Constant Radius Arch Bridge Aprons Flashboard & Buttress Over-allocation Multiple Arch Reinforced Concrete Tank Slab and Buttress Inflatable Rubber Crib Other (sheetpile, tailings, etc) Our Dam Building History

Cuddebackville Dam - Neversink

Billington Street Dam

Billerica Dam Middlesex Canal Farm Pond Dams & Mill Dams (Mechanical Power) Navigation Canal Dams

Tingue Dam Edwards Dam Thomaston Dam

Industrial Dams Hydroelectric / Water Supply Flood Control / Recreation Dams are manmade structures like buildings.

As dams age they require maintenance to remain standing.

When left abandoned they are often un- repairable and require replacement or removal.

THE AGING PROCESS

Anaconda Dam, , CT Aging Dams The number of high hazard dams in need of remediation continues to increase significantly (due to aging, more dams, better inspections)

Only around 50% of the nations high hazard dams currently having Emergency Action Plans Rindge Dam, CA

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Slide source: modified from Michael Grounds ASDOS 2006 presentation on Dams Safety Performance Measures and NID ASDSO Reported Dam Failures & Fatalities 1874-2006

Johnstown, PA Dam Failure in 1874 2,209 fatalities

“Even though the potential for flood damage may be

Reported to Date greatly reduced by reservoir storage, the damage potential remains if a flood of greater than design Total Lives Lost to Date Total Lives Lost to Dam failures are capacity occurs or on the rise if the dam should Total Dam Failures fail.” Johnston Report 1989

5128 known deaths due to dam failure from 1874 to 2006 ReportedReported OverOver--toppings,toppings, BreachesBreaches oror DamagedDamaged DamsDams

State October 2005 May 2006 New Hampshire 13, plus 2 breaches ~100 ~40 ~200 53 total =16 breached; 34 No record as of 6/06 overtopped or damaged; 3 nearly overtopped Vermont No record as of 6/06 No record as of 6/06 No record No record (staffed by 1) Maine No record No record (staffed by 1) Total* = 108 recorded 300 recorded * Does NOT include unreported or undetected dam incidents Free Flowing River at Dynamic Equilibrium

Spawning Habitat

Reservoir Downstream - Decreased Water Quality (decreased circulation) - Traps Sediment - Water Quality is Reduced - Pollutants Accumulate (concentrate) -Traps Debris - Altered Flow Regime - Oxygen Depletion (may become anoxic) - Blocks Nutrient Transport - Temperatures modified - Reservoir Stratifies(loss of turbulent flow) - Algae Blooms - Sediment Starved - Increased Temperatures - Blocks Fish Passage - Riverbed Degrades Increased - Nutrient Starved Evaporation Debris Jam

epilimnion metalimnion DAM! hypolimnion

Habitat/Substrate Impounded Buried by Sediment Sediment Dam

Original Bed Profile ~90% reduction in channel width channel in reduction ~90% Hoover Dam Impacts Hoover Platte River Narrowing Dam Built = Sediment Transport Stops Dam

~19 ft of streambed degradation Davis Dam Impacts Impact of Dams at Landscape Level (irreversible impacts at times) Impacts of Dams Ecological

Roosevelt Dam, Salt River, AZ

Dams Can: • Create Impoundments that Impact Habitats & Water Quality • Lead to Significant and Irreversible Loss of Native Species and Ecosystems (Decrease Aquatic Biodiversity) • Decrease Natural Function of D/S Floodplains, Wetlands, and Riverine, Estuarine and Adjacent Marine Ecosystems • Have Cumulative Impacts on Water Quality, Flow Modification and Species Composition where a Series of Dams Exist on a River •NOTOften Successfully Mitigate Fish Passage Impacts by Constructing Fish Passes

Source: Majority of List Above is Modified & Summarized from The World Commission on Dams Report, 2000

Why Remove a Dam? “Environmental harms have little to do with whether dams are built or removed” Science and Environmental Health Network Aging Safety -dam structure -breaching Remnants of the Austin, Pennsylvania, dam -reservoir sedimentation -drowning after its failure on September 30, 1911. -liability Economics Attractive Nuisance -loss of original purpose or economic value -maintenance -no longer economically justifiable Environment -environmental impact too great -proactive restoration Fish Passage Underestimating the power of a dam •Restoration Potential •Sustainability Selecting an Alternative •Passage Efficiency •Maintenance •Site Restrictions •Project Cost 1. FULL/PARTIAL REMOVAL

2. ROCK RAMP FISHWAY Source: Milone & MacBroom, Inc

3. BYPASS CHANNEL

Source:Gary Thorncraft 4. FISH LADDER & LIFT

Source: CT DEP 5. COMBINATION OF METHODS (MODIFY OR LOWER DAM)

6. TRUCK AND HAUL Source: Boyd Kynard Economic & Legal Issues

Who is maintaining the dam? Who is liable for the dam if there is an accident or a breach? Is the structure insured or insurable?

Removal vs. Repair (with maintenance and fishway?) How much does each alternative cost? Who values the dam? Who should pay? How will property values be affected? Economic Considerations Construction Costs: Repair vs Removal

Wisconsin Examples – Source: A Decision Making Guide Dam Name Repair Removal Waterworks Dam 700K-1million; + 140k fishway 240k (200k in grants) Oak Street Dam 300k for safety; over 1million for hydro 30k (23k grants) Deerskin Dam 400k 15k Bloomer Dam 1,750k 450k Heyman Falls Dam 450-800k 270k Lemonweir Dam 700k 190k Ward Paper Mill Dam 1million safety; 2million hydro (400k 300k fishway) Shopiere Dam 250k + fishway <100k Fulton Dam 900k – 1million 380K (50% in grants) Paying for Dam Removal Federal Sources

NOAA - Community Based Restoration Partnership (AR, TNC, GOM, TU, Fish America) & Open Rivers Initiative (tied to migratory fish) USFWS - National Fish Habitat Initiative; National Fish Passage Program; Partners for Fish & Wildlife Grant Program; & Regional Offices or Ecological Services Offices can establish cooperative agreements w/ state agencies on restoration projects NRCS – WHIP & Future Potential: Open Rivers Initiative (not tied to migratory fish) USGS – Technical services for a fee EPA – Section 319 Grants & in-kind services such as sediment testing ACOE – H&H, 206 & 1135 (for restoration of corps-built flood control projects) Armed Forces - Innovative Readiness Initiative Paying for Dam Removal Non-Federal Sources

• Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEP) • Corp. Wetland • NGO’s (American Rivers, TNC, TU, CT River Rest. Partnership Alliance, etc.) – In-Kind Match, Technical Assistance, Project • Dam Owner Management, Grant Writing • Mitigation Money • National Fish & Wildlife Foundation (multiple grants) • State River • Futures Fund (NFWF LISFF) Restoration Funds • LISS Enhancement Grants - New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEIWPCC) and the Long Island Sound Study (LISS) • CT DEP In-House Services • Fish America, American Sportfishing Assoc. (multiple grants) • Volunteers –In- • State Hazard Mitigation Grants Kind Match • Disaster Assistance Funding (state) • Universities – student labor • Future Potential: Dam Rehabilitation & Repair Act of 2006 Legal Aspects of Dam Ownership

State statute (if listed with the Office of Dam Safety): the owner must maintain and operate the dam and other equipment Dam owners are ultimately responsible for any damages caused by the improper operation and maintenance of their dam structure Each dam should have: operation/maintenance/emergency plans; periodic inspections; warning signs & controlled access (according to the Association of State Dams Safety Officials) Most dams have a Dam Safety Classification: Low, Moderate or High Hazard Dams Dam safety classification can change over time Dam owners should have, and may be required to have liability insurance Safety & Liability Attractive Nuisance

Dam owners are liable for personal injury to visitors or trespassers swimming, fishing, falling, drinking SmallSmall Need Signage: LL ChildChild upstream as well as at dam AA AWW Even with signage and S fencing dam owner is SUU still liable IT BoardBoard wedgedwedged IT intointo oldold dam!dam! Safety & Liability Boating Safety

air “the hydraulic jump”

Passable Plunging nappe: for boaters The drowning machine

Small PA dam killed 2 boaters Dam was removed & state required that all small dams be posted “Compliance with government or professional Safety & Liability standards does not absolve an owner from liability” ASDSO Dam Failure

Connecticut Dam Failure - Source: Jim MacBroom Rockfish Creek Dam Failure, NC, 2003 Downstream: threat to life, property & environment; may required relocation of buildings; potential for contaminated sediment transport No requirement to tell downstream property owners that they are in a dam-breach inundation zone (No property disclosure law except for CA) Upstream: increased flooding issues Repair reduces safety hazard but never eliminates liability Whittenton Pond Dam – Near Failure Town of Taunton, MA Evacuated

173-year-old, 12-foot-tall wooden dam History of Decision Points

In the late 1600’s “Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that if a dam was seen as a nuisance “any individual … might tear it down” Source: Linda Rigali

"…who knows what may avail a crow-bar against that Billerica dam?" Henry David Thoreau 1839

"For generations, a painful and Billerica Dam expensive controversy has , MA existed in relation to [the Billerica Dam], and if [not removed now], 1710 – Constructed st the children and children's 1711 – 1 Law Suit children of these parties will be 1722 – Dam Removed – Rebuilt – Removed by Force - Rebuilt cursed with strife and contention". 1798 – Law Suit Henry French pleads with the 1860 – Law Suit Massachusetts Legislature, 1861 2003 – Still Discussing the dam's fate. Children's Children Cursed with Strife and Contention

Winnemem Wintu Tribe war dance to protest Shasta Dam Dam Removal Issues to Consider ENGINEERING SOCIOECONOMIC ECOLOGY DATA COLLECTION OWNERSHIP (Water Rights; Easements) ANADROMOUS / RESIDENT FISH TYPE & CONDITION OF DAM CURRENT USES AQUATIC HABITAT SITE LIMITATIONS (Utilities, Topo) RECREATION HABITAT FRAGMENTATION UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM ISSUES PUBLIC SAFETY ECOLOGICAL INTERCONNECTIONS (bridges/structures, tributaries) ECONOMIC ANALYSIS VEGETATION ARCHEOLOGICAL/HISTORICAL PROJECT PERMITTING ARCHEOLOGICAL/HISTORICAL WILDLIFE SENTIMENTAL VALUE ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN AESTHETICS LEGAL ASPECTS WATER QUALITY HYDROLOGY HYDRAULICS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES WATERSHED HYDROLOGY CHANNEL HYDRAULICS (&safety) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FLOODWATER STORAGE FLOODPLAIN HYDRAULICS (i.e. temperature, turbidity) IMPOUNDMENT DRAWDOWN ICE JAMS PUBLIC HEALTH WELL IMPACTS FLUVIAL GEOMORPHIC CONSTRUCTION TESTING (quality & quantity) SEASONAL CONSTRUCTION LIMITS SEDIMENT STABILITY/TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION ACCESS SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE SEDIMENT DISPOSAL CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY/DESIGN (form, function, WATER CONTROL process, materials) SITE RESTORATION Debunking the “All Dams are Flood Control” Myth

no storage

flood storage no reduction behind reduced flows in flood flows dam downstream during flood downstream

Typical Flood Control Dam Typical Mill Dam Has a dry spillway and the reservoir has room to Water constantly flows over the spillway, the fill up during a storm, therefore flood flows are impoundment is full (increasing upstream flooding reduce downstream. The Assoc. of State Dam during a storm) and the flow into the impoundment Safety Officials conservatively estimates that less equals the flow out, therefore there is no flood than 15% of all dams are flood control dams. reduction downstream.

Example: Thomaston Flood Control Dam, CT Example: Willow Mill Dam, MA Balancing Ecological Issues

Long-Term Loss of Natural Function Short-Term Instability Fragmented Habitat Flow Modification Impacts Loss of Sustainability Transition of Habitat Value Temperature Changes Loss of Manmade Wetlands Decreases Water Quality Impacts to Aquatic Organisms Transition of Habitat Value Potential to Release Contaminants Blocks Sediment/Debris/Nutrients Loss of Nutrient/Contaminant Trap

Impacts of Impacts of Dams Removal

Design for Protection Long-Term Impacts versus Short-Term Impacts/Benefits Sediment Management

NATURAL EROSION (and Incremental Breaching)

DREDGING (Mechanical or Hydraulic)

STABILIZE IN PLACE

Pull Back Stabilize as a Vegetated Bank Floodplain

RELOCATE ON SITE/OFF SITE

COMBINATION OF METHODS PROJECT COMPLEXITY Consensus vs Controversial

Big vs Small

Flood Control vs None

Good Condition vs Bad

Impoundment vs Run-of-River

Lots of Sediment vs Little

Contamination vs Clean

Course Grained vs Fine

High Impact vs Low

Alluvial vs Non-Alluvial Can We Really Restore A River?

• Flows have Changed • Sediment Regimes have Changed • Species & Unique Genetic Strains have been Eradicated restoration • Infrastructure Remains In Way & replacement Original system Must be Accommodated for

• Restoring Toward an Ideal, but rehabilitation May Never Obtain It

• Restore as Much Natural Function Ecosystem function as Possible Damaged • Improved Ecological Condition system • Goal: Self Sustaining System Ecosystem structure • Change the Way People Perceive Modified from Bradshaw 1984 & Utilize Rivers Primarily Small Obsolete Dams Are Being Removed Large Dam Removal - 2005 Birch Run Dam, PA – 65ft high, 700ft long Former Water Supply, Earthen Dam

#1 Unsafe Dam in PA. 11,00 people at risk w/ 3 schools in dams inundation zone. The city of Chambersburg decided to remove the 72 yr old dam due to the dam’s failure to meet dam safety standards. Removed in 2005.

$20-30 million to Repair vs. $1.35-2.1 million to Remove - Connecticut

Source: Jerry Brisson, WWP Member.

Willimantic River - Connecticut West Henniker Dam - NH

West Henniker Dam Restored Contoocook River

Brownfield site

Removal of dam in June 2004 Anxious Whitewater Boaters Historic Canal 1 week after removal 15 months after removal

Mounds Dam - WI

1 week after dewatering 12 months after dewatering

Bunnels Pond Dam - CT

1 week after removal 1 yr after removal

Williamsburg Station Dam - PA

Dam Removal - Site Revegetation Milwaukee River Dam Removal - WI

With Dam 1 Week After Removal

12 Years After Removal AnacondaAnaconda DamDam –– NaugatuckNaugatuck RiverRiver –– Waterbury,Waterbury, CTCT

With Dam – High Water With Dam – Low Water Breach

Breach Post Removal UnionUnion CityCity DamDam –– NaugatuckNaugatuck RiverRiver –– Naugatuck,Naugatuck, CTCT

Impoundment with Dam Initial Breach Dam being Removed

Fully Removed – still Transitioning 3 years Post Removal

Applied Ecology Reseach Institute Hadley Elementary School Kennebec Coalition Eco.-Justice Working Group National Council of Chu Trout Unlimited - New York Council Audubon Society of Connecticut Hands Across the River Coalition Low Impact Hydropower Institute Ellenville HS Tug Hill Commission Audubon Society of Connecticut (Greenwich) Henry Kendall Foundation MA Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Energy Times Magazine Tug Hill Tomorrow Land Trust Watershed Committee high school of commerce Maine Audubon Society Environmental Advocates U.S. Army Corps of Engineers branford river project Watershed Association Maine Coast Heritage Trust Environmental Advocates of New York University Corporation of Atmospheric Research (UC Center for CoastalOrganizations and Watershed Systems Restoration Maine League of Conservation Voters InvolvedEnvironmental Advocates of New York inUSDA Dam Columbia Canoe Club Housatonic River Restoration Maine Rivers Environmental Background Information Center Water Keeper Alliance Community Unity Housatonic River Walk Maine Rivers Friends of the Buffalo River Waterfront Corridor Initiative-City of Buffalo Connecticut Bass Chapter Federation Housatonic Valley Association Maine Rivers Friends of the Hudson Waterkeeper Alliance Connecticut Fly Fisherman's Association Watershed Association Maine Rivers Friends of Wertheim Waterkeeper Alliance Connecticut Forest and Park Association Watershed Association Marine Law Institute University of Maine School O Glynwood Center Watershed Agricultural Council Assembly Lampson Brook Watershed Association Natural Resources Council of Maine Great Lakes United Wegman's Food Markets Connecticut River Gateway Commission League of Environmental Voters Natural Resources Council of Maine Great Lakes United West Branch Conservation Association RemovalMA Dem Efforts Nationwide Connecticut River Salmon Association Natural Resources Council of Maine Great Lakes United Westchester Land Trust Connecticut River Watch Program MA Department of Environmental Protection Natural Resources Council of Maine Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Westchester Rivers Connecticut Waterfowl Association MA Dept Env Protection Pemaquid Watershed Association Group for the South Fork Western New York Land Conservancy Connecticut-Rhode Island Coastal Fly Fishers MA Riverways Programs Penobscot River Restoration Project Hackensack Riverkeeper, Inc. White Water Challengers Anglers Association Mass. Watershed Inititiative Pleasant River Association Harlem River Conservancy Winnakee Land Trust Farmington River Club Inc. Massachusettes Audubon Society Presumpscot River Watch Environmental Society Zoar Valley Paddling Club Farmington River Watershed Association Massachusetts Association of Conservation Commissi Trout Unlimited - Maine Council Hudson River Foundation Zoar Valley Paddling Club FOLK-Legacy Records Inc. Massachusetts Audubon Society University of Maine Hudson River Greenway Communities Council American Fisheries Society -- Southern New England Friends of the Connecticut River Massachusetts Bass Anglers Sportsman Society USFWS Hudson River Sloop Clearwater Audubon Society of Rhode Island Housatonic Coalition Massachusetts Environmental Education Society Waldo Independent Hudson River Sloop Clearwater Inc. Buckeye Brook Coalition Housatonic River Commission Massachusetts Riverways Program Appalachian Mountain Club Hudson River Valley Greenway Communities Council Coventry Bass Anglers Housatonic Valley Association Massachusetts Sierra Club Audubon Society of New Hampshire Izaak Walton League - New York State Division Environmental Council of Rhode Island Long Island Sound Watershed Alliance Massachusetts Watershed Coalition CDM Kootenai Fly Fishers Friends of the Blackstone Mill River Watershed Association Watershed Council, Inc. Center for Environmental Education Lake Erie Alliance Kickemuit River Council Alliance Watershed Association CMA Engineers Lower Esopus River Watch Commission Naugatuck River Watershed Association Watershed Association Coldwater Fisheries Coalition Inc. Club Narrow River Land Trust Naugatuck RIver Watershed Association Mystic River Watershed Association Inc. Ducks Unlimited - North Atlantic Flyway and Ohio McCann Erickson Narrow River Preservation Association New Haven Riverkeeper Watershed Association Friends of the Winnipesaukee River Mercer HR Consulting Nature Conservancy - RI Field Office Watershed Association Watershed Association Ledyard Canoe Club Metropolitan Canoe and Kayak Club Authority Watershed Association New England FLOW Merrimack Valley Paddlers Mohawk Canoe Club Pokanoket Watershed Alliance Pomperang River Watershed Coalition, Inc. New England FLOW New England Environmental Voters Mohawks Agree on Safe Health Rhoad Island Bass Chapter Federation River Watershed Association North and South Rivers Watershed Association New Hampshire Bass Chapter Federation National Religious Partnership for the Environment Rhode Island School of Design Riverfront Recapture Inc. Oceanus New Hampshire Rivers Council Natural Resources Defense Council River Rescue Rivers Alliance of Connecticut Old Swamp River Watershed Association New Hampshire Rivers Council Natural Resources Protective Association Task Force SAVE THE SOUND INC Organization for the New Hampshire Wildlife Federation Nature Conservancy Neversink River Program Save the Bay Save the Sound Inc. (Long Island Sound) Organization for the Assabet River NH Dept. of Environmental Services New Jersey Bass Chapter Federation Save the Bay Side by Side Community Charter School Palmer River Association Pemigewasset River Council New York Bass Chapter Federation Sierra Club - Rhode Island Chapter Thames Valley Trout Unlimited Chapter Parker River Clean Water Association Piscataquog Watershed Association New York City Friends of Clearwater Thames Science Center The Dibner Fund Parker River Clean Water Association Piscataquog Watershed Assoication New York Department of Environmental Conservation Times2 Academy Trout Unlimited Pascommuck Conservation Trust Public Service of New Hampshire New York League of Conservation Voters Trout Unlimited - Massachusetts/Rhode Island Counc Trout Unlimited - Connecticut Council plainville water & sewer dept Seacoast Anti-Pollution League New York Rivers United US Navy Trout Unlimited -- Connecticut Council Regional Environmental Council Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forest New-York Historical Society Wood-Pawcatuck Watershed Association Westminster• SchoolAmerican RiversRestore Olmsted's Waterway Coalition Society for the Protection of NH Forests Niagara River Citizens Action Committee Greenway Project Wildlife Society - New England Chapter Watershed Council St. Paul's School NINE Mile Creek Conservation Council Woonasquatucket River Watershed Council Alewife/Mystic River Advocates Saugus River Watershed Council Strafford Rivers Conservancy North River Friends of Clearwater Audubon Society of the Green Mountains American •FarmlandTrout Trust NE Region UnlimitedSave the Harbor/Save the Bay Student Conservation Association Northern New York Paddlers Battenkill Canoe Ltd. Appalachian Mountain Club Sawmill River Watershed Alliance Trout Unlimited - Ammonoosuc Council NY Sea Grant Battenkill Watershed Council Appalachian Mountain Club Smitty Cycles UNH Environmental Research Group NYPIRG Bonnyvale Environmental Education Center Atlantic Center• for Thethe Environment Nature ConservanSuasco Watershed Coalition cy Upper Valley Sierra Club Nypirg Straphangers Campaign Connecticut River Watershed Council Audubon Society of Massachusetts Sudbury Valley Trustees Waterline NYS-DEC Connecticut RiverFest Back River Committee Sudbury Valley Trustees 10th Worthy OIN Family Services Conservation Law Foundation Back River• ProtectionRivers Association AllianSudbury-Assabet-Concordce of Wiscon Rivers Watershedsin Associati Action for Long Island Sound Partnerships for Parks, Waterways and Trailways Conservation Law Foundation Berkshire Environmental Action Team SWAMP Adirondack Land Trust/Nature Conservancy People Against the Hawkinsville Dam Dept of Enviro Conservation Blackstone• River WatershedProfessional Association Taunton Societies River Watershed Alliance (ASCE, AFAdirondackS, Mountain Club New York-New Jersey TRAI Retired Military Environmental Law Center Blackstone• River WatershedProfessional Awareness Taunton Societies River Watershed Alliance (ASCE, AFAdirondackS, Paddlers River Project, NYC Forest Watch Campaign TEN Mile River and Mt. Hope/Narragansett Bay Water African Methodist Episcopal Church Riverkeeper Friends of the Mad River AquiferASDSO, Advisory Committee COLD,The Bioengineering etc Group) Inc. Akwesasne Local Working Group Riverkeeper, Inc. Friends of the Ompompanoosuc Watershed Association The Landcaster County Conservancy Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment Riverlovers Friends of Winhall River Charles River Watershed Association Tighe & Bond Consulting Engineers American Fisheries Society -- New York Chapter Riverstone Holdings LLC Green Mountain Club Chelsea Greenspace• NOAA and Recreation CommitteeOpenTrout River Unlimited - Massachusetts/Rhode Initiatives Island Counc & NRCSAmerican Wilderness Open Campaign Rochesterenvironment.Com Green Mountain Forest Watch Watershed Council Trust For Public Land Antiochian Orthodox; Kids Against Pollution Saratoga County Land Conservancy Institute for Sustainable Communities Cobbler's Brook Stream Team Urban Harbors Institute Umass Appalachian Mountain Club NY Chapter Save Open Spaces Lake Memphremagog Watershed Association College Park CommitteeRiver for A Better Initiatives Environment USGS Atlantic States Legal Foundation, Inc. Save The River Lewis Creek Association Connecticut River Valley Action Program Preservation Society Audubon International SBC Warburg Dillon and Read L.L.P. Mad River Recreation Paths Connecticut River Watershed Council Canoe Club Audubon Society of New York State Scenic Hudson Missisquoi Riverkeepers • CompactOther FederalWestfield Ag River Watershedencies Association (USFWS,NPS,Auriga Music Publishing Scenic Hudson Montpelier River Projects Deerfield River Watershed Association Yurko & Salvesen, P.C. Battenkill Conservancy Schenectady County Environmental Advisory Council Mt. Mansfield River Watch Dept. of EnvironmentalAC ManagementOE, etc) ZOAR Outdoor Bay Improvement Group Schoharie Land Trust Nature Conservancy - VT Field Office Dept. Og/Gyn UmmACOE, etc) Allagash Alliance Beacon Sloop Club Sewing and Alterations Northeast Center for Social Issue Studies Econologistics American Fisheries Society -- Atlantic Internation Boquet River Association SG Cowen Securities Corp. Passumpsic River Network Environmental• LeagueState of Massachusetts AgenciesAndroscoggin & River State Watershed Council Task ForcesBronx River Restoration Project Shawangunk Valley Conservancy Passumpsic Valley Land Trust Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Atlantic Salmon Federation Brooklyn Sloop Club Shorewalkers Poultney River Committee Flyfishing Forum Atlantic Salmon Federation Burke's Bytes Sierra Club - Atlantic Chapter Poultney River Watch Framingham• AdvocatesRegional of TaskAtlantic SalmonForces Federation (i.e. NortheastButler Capital Corporation Sierra Club - Northeast Region Quaker Earthcare Witness Franklin Regional Council of Governments Borestone Mountain Education Center and Wildlife S Carantouan Greenway Sierra Club Rockland County Streams and Wetlands Coordinator Richmond Land Trust French River Watershed Association City of Portland Maine Catskill Center for Conservation and Development Somers Land Trust River Watch Network Friends of Fish BrookStream BarrierDamariscotta Task River Association Force) Central New York Whitewater Club St. Lawrence University Save Everyone's Wells River Friends of Mill River Downeast Salmon Federation Chenango Land Trust St. Lawrence Valley Paddlers Seventh Generation - Black River Friends of Parker River National Wildlife Refuge Downeast Salmon Federation Church of the Brethren St. Regis Mohawk Tribe Sierra Club - Vermont Chapter Friends of the Muddy River Friends of Acadia Citizens To Preserve the Hudson Valley SUNY Student Sterling Falls Gorge Natural Area Trust Friends of the Mystic River Friends of Sebago Lake City of New York/ Parks and Recreation The Catskill Center Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Friends of the Williams River Friends of the Acadia City of Rochester (NY) Parks & Recreation The Moore Charitable Foundation Vermont Bass Chapter Federation Fund for Public Interest Research Friends of the Androscoggin Clean Water Education Program the town of East Meadow Vermont Land Trust Goodwin Procter LLP Friends of the Presumpscot River Coalition on Environment and Jewish Life Thousand Islands Land Trust Vermont Law School Green River Watershed Preservation Alliance Friends of the Presumpscot River Eco.-Church Circles Project Tompkins Co. Planning Dept. Vermont League of Conservation Voters Groundwork Lawrence Friends of Union River Vermont Natural Resources Council Informed Decision Making Processes The Balancing Act In the end each community must balance the issues to find the best solution for the community at this time.

REMOVE KEEP DAM DAM American River ThankThank you!you! Northeast Field Office

Contact Information: LAURA WILDMAN, PE Director of River Science & Brian Graber – Associate Director Restoring Rivers American Rivers Northeast Field Office 20 Bayberry Road Dam Removal Technical assistance

Glastonbury, CT 06033 Networking Dam Removal Efforts ) Technical Assistance & Guidance Funding Projects (AR/NOAA Grants) Work phone: 860-652-9911 Education / Lecturing (Yale, Univ. WI) Resource Material & Publications [email protected]