VACATION ΝUMBER THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

Volume Two JULY, 1911 Number Three

THE LATE JOHN B. TAYLOR, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Whose record for the quarter-mile run stlll remains untouched

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY

FAMOUS COLORED ATHLETES THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION for the ADVANCEMENT of COLORED PEOPLE

OBJECT.—The National Association COMMITTEE.—Our work is car­ for the Advancement of Colored People ried on under the auspices of the follow­ is an organization composed of men and ing General Committee, in addition to the women of all races and classes who be­ officers named: lieve that the present widespread increase Miss Gertrude Bamum. New York. of prejudice against colored races and Miss Frances Blascoer, New York. •Rev. W. H. Brooks, New York. particularly the denial of rights and Prof. John Dewey. New York. *Dr. John Lovejoy Elliott, New York. opportunities to ten million Americans of *Mr. Thos. Ewing, Jr., New York. •Rev. John Hnynes Holmes, New York. Negro descent is not only unjust and a Mr. Hamilton Holt, New York. Miss Maud It. Ingersoll, New York. menace to our free institutions, but also Mis. Florence Kelley, New York. *Mr. Paul Kennaday, New York. is a direct hindrance to World Peace •Mrs. F. R. Keyser, New York. and the realization of Human Brother­ Dr. Chas. Lenz. New York, Mr. Jacob W. Mack, New York. •Mrs. M. D. Maclean, New York. hood. •Mr. John E. Mllholland, New York. Rev. Horace G. Miller, New York. Mrs. Max Morgenthau, Jr., New York. METHODS.—The encouragement of Mr. James F. Morton. Jr., New York. Mr. Henry Moskowitz, New York. education and efforts for social uplift; the Miss Leonora O'Reilly, New York. •Rev. A. Clayton Powell, New York. dissemination of literature; the holding of •Mr. Charles Edward Russell, New York Mr. Jacob H. Sehiff, New York. mass meetings; the maintenance of a lec­ Prof. E. R. A. Seligman, New York. •Dr. Joseph Silverman, New York. ture bureau; the encouragement of vigi­ Mrs. Anna Garlin Spencer, New York. •Prof. J. E. Spingara, New York. lance committees; the investigation of com­ Mrs. Henry Villard. New York. •Miss Lillian D. Wald, New York. plaints; the maintenance of a Bureau of •Mr. Wm. English Walling, New York. Information; the publication of THE •Bishop Alexander Walters. New York Dr. Stephen Sv Wise, New York. CRISIS; the collection of facts and publi­ Miss M. R. Lyons, Brooklyn, N. Y. •Dr. O. M. Waller, Brooklyn, N. Y. cation of the truth. Mr. D. Macon Webster, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Geo. E. Wibecan, Jr., Brooklyn. N. Y. Mrs. M. EL Talbert, Buffalo, N. Y. ORGANIZATION.—All interested Hon. Thos. M. Osborne, Auburn. N. Y. •Mr. W. L. Bulkley, Ridgefleld Park, N. J. persons are urged to join our organization Mr. George W. Crawford, New Haven, Conn. Miss Maria Baldwin, Boston, Mass. —associate membership costs $ 1, and Mr. Francis J. Garrison, Boston, Mass. Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, Boston, Mass. contributing and sustaining members pay Miss Adelene Moffat. Boston, Mass. •Mr. Albert E. PiUsbury, Boston, Mass. from $2 to $25 a year. Mr. Wm. Munroe Trotter, Boston, Mass. Dr. Horace Bumstcad, Brookllne, Mass. Miss Elizabeth C. Carter. New Bedford, Mass. FUNDS.—We need $10,000 a year Rev. Garnett R. Walter, Baltimore, Md. Prest. Chas. T. Thwing. Cleveland, O. for running expenses of this work and par­ Mr. Chas. W. Chesnutt, Cleveland, O. Hon. Harry C. Smith. Cleveland, 0. ticularly urge the necessity of gifts to help Prest. H. C. Kin?. Oberlln. O. Prest. W. S. Scarborough, Wilberforce, O. on our objects. •Miss Jane Addams, Chicago, 111. •Mrs. Ida B. Wells Barnett, Chicago, 111. •Dr. C. E. Bentley, Chicago, HI. OFFICERS.—The officers of the Miss Sopnronisba Breckenrldge, Chicago, 111. Mr. Clarence Darrow, Chicago, 111. organization are: Mr, Julius Rosenwald, Chicago. 111. Mrs. Cella Parker Woolley. Chicago. HI. Mr. F. L. McGhee. St. Paul, Minn. National President — Mr. Moorfield Miss Frances Bartholomew, Philadelphia. Pa. •Dr. N. F. Mossell, Philadelphia. Pa. Storey, Boston, Mass. •Dr. Wm. A. Sinclair, Philadelphia. Pa. Miss Susan Wharton, Philadelphia. Pa. Mr. R. R. Wright, Jr.. Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. W. Justin Carter, Harrisburg, Pa. Chairman of the Executive Committee-—- Rev. Harvey Johnson. D.D., Baltimore, Md. Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, New Hon, Wm. S. Bennet, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Carrie W. Clifford. Washington, D. C. York. Mr. L. M. Hershaw, Washington, D. C. Prof. Kelly Miller, Washlnston. D. C. Prof. L. B. Moore. Washington. D. C. Treasurer-—Mr. Walter E. Sachs, New Justice W. P. Stafford, Washington. D. C. •Mrs. Mary Church Terrell. Washington. D. C. York. •Rev. J. Milton Waldron, Washington. D. C. Prest. John Hope, Atlanta. Ga. Mr. Leslie P. Hill. Manassas, Va. Director of Publicity and Research—Dr. Mr. William Pickens, Talladega. Ala. W. E. B. DuBois, New York. •Executive Committee. Secretary—Miss Mary W. Ovington, OFFICES: New York, Suite 311, 20 Vesey Street, New York. THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

Published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, at 20 Vesey Street, New York City.

W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS. Editor OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD M. D. MACLEAN, Managing Editor f , k ,• , l J. MAX BARBER contributing J CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL FRANK M. TURNER. Circulation Manager 1 W. S. BRAITHWAITE ALBON L. HOLSEY. Advertising Manager KELLY MILLER

CONTENTS FOR JULY, 1911

ALONG THE COLOR LINE 95

MEN OF THE MONTH: Rev. H. C. Bishop 102 Right Hon. H. H. Asquith 103 Right Hon. A. J. Balfour 103

THE VISION: Poem. By W. S. Braithwaite 103

OPINION 104

N. A. A. C. P 107

BASKETBALL TEAM OF THE Y. M. C. A., WASHINGTON 110

EDITORIAL 112

FAMOUS COLORED COLLEGE ATHLETES. By Edwin B. Henderson.... 115

THE LITTLE KINGDOM OF SALT 119

WOMEN'S CLUB: Caring for the Young Women. By Mrs. W. A. Hunton.. 121

THE BURDEN 123

WHAT TO READ 125

Agents wanted who can furnish references. Entered as second-class matter In the post office at New York City.

This Is to certify that I print fifteen thousand Sworn to before me this 19th day of June, copies of the July Crisis, 1911. 1911. ROBERT N. WOOD, Printer, P. J. BURKE, 202 East 99th St. Notary Public, N, Y. C. 92 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

EDUCATIONAL DIRECTORY FORWARD! March Your Son Off to Wilberforce

The only school for Negro Youth which has a Military Department equipped by the National Government and commanded by a detailed United States Army Officer.

DEPARTMENTS:

MILITARY CLASSICAL THEOLOGICAL NORMAL SCIENTIFIC MUSICAL BUSINESS TECHNICAL PREPARATORY

Banking taught by the actual operations in the Students' Savings Bank. Twelve Industries, 180 acres of beautiful campus, Ten Buildings. Healthful surroundings, exceptional community. Maintained in part by the State of Ohio.

W. S. SCARBOROUGH President. WM. A. JOINER, Superintendent, C. N. & I.

Atlanta University Washington Conservatory of Music and School of Expression IB beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. The courses of study include High School, Nor­ 902 T STREET, WASHINGTON, D. C. mal School and College, with manual training LARGE AND COMPETENT FACULTY and domestic science. Among the teachers are graduates of Tale, Harvard, Dartmouth, Smith DEPARTMENTS and Wellesley. Forty-one years of successful Piano, Voice and Violin. Piano Tuning.Theory Analy­ work have been completed. Students come from sis, Harmony, Counterpoint, Fugue,Vocal Expression, all parts of the South. Graduates are almost Wind Instruments, History ol Music, Methods. universally successful. Scholarships Awarded Artists' Recitals For further information address HARRIET GIBBS-MARSHALL, President. GEORGE WILLIAM OOOK, Treasurer. President EDWARD T. WARE ABBY WILLIAMS, Secretary. T.EWIS G. GREGORY, Financial Secretary. ATLANTA, OA. ANNIE E. GRINAGE.

Wilberforce University Uirginia Union University WILBERFORCE, OHIO RICHMOND, VA.

Opens first Tuesday in September A College Department, of high standards and Located in Greene County, 3 % miles from Xenia, modern curriculum. Ohio. Healthful surroundings. Refined commu­ A Theological Department, with all subjects nity. Faculty of 32 members. Expenses low. generally required in the best theological Classical and Scientific, Theological, Preparatory, seminaries. Music, Military, Normal and Business Depart- ments. Ten industries taught Great opportuni­ An Academy, with manual training, giving ties for High School graduates entering College or a preparation for life or for college. Professional Courses. Two new buildings for girls to be erected this year—one now in process of The positive moral and religious aim of the erection, and the- other to be begun in the spring. school, its high standards of entrance and of class work, its fine new buildings and well- Catalogue and Special Information Furnished. equipped laboratories and library, prepare a Address faithful student for a life of wide usefulness. W. S. SCARBOROUGH, President. GEORGE RICE HOVEY President Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 93 Atlanta University SHAW UNIVERSITY This institution of learning, established in 1865, has industrial departments tor both young men Studies of the and young women, as well as college, normal and preparatory departments. There are also Schools of Law, Medicine, Pharmacy and Theology. The facilities have recently been increased. Negro Problems Other improvements are being planned that will be completed within the next two years. Applications should be made several month.* or 13 Monographs. Sold Separately. a year in advance, for it has become impossible during the last few years to receive all who apply. The,present enrollment is over S00. The academic year begins on the Thursday Address: nearest the first day of October and continues for thirty-two consecutive weeks. The charges are moderate. Catalogues furnished upon application. A. G. DILL Address THE PRESIDENT Shaw University, Raleigk, N. C Atlanta University, Atlanta. Ga.

JOINING THE NAVY; OB, LINCOLN INSTITUTE ABROAD WITH UNCLE SAM By JOHN B. PAYNTEB, A.M. JEFFERSON CITY. MISSOURI First Race Contribution to Navy Literature Founded by tie Soldiers of the 62d and 66th Ordered by the Government for Libraries of Regiments of the V. S. Colored Infantry. War Vessels .. "It is a perfect picture-.of life on board Supported by the State of Missouri. Has ship when I first went to sea. The story is Normal, Collegiate, Agricultural, Mechanical and told so simply and in such good style, and Industrial Courses. Buildings and equipment holds its interest so. that I read it through at one sitting."—Richardson Clover, Rear unsurpassed. Thirty teachers representing the Admiral, U. S. N., Retired. best schools of the country. Students from all Cloth Bound. 300 Pages. Fully Illustrated. sections of the country. For catalogue and fur­ SECOND EDITION Sent Postage Paid on Receipt of One Dollar ther information address Address care of BENJAMIN FBAHKT.TN ALLEN, SUDWABTH PRINTING CO. President. WASHINGTON, D. C. Knoxville College RACE ADJUSTMENT Beautiful Situation, Healthful Location By KELLY MILLER. Howard University. Washing­ The Best Moral and Spiritual Environment ton, D. C. A Standard Book on the Race Question. A Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere Noted for Honest and Thorough Work PRICE {2.00 Offers full courses in the following de­ Social Equality S cents partments: College, Normal, High School, An Appeal to Reason, open letter Grammar Sehool and Industrial. to John Temple Graves 10 cents Good water, steam heat, electric lights, Roosevelt and the Negro 10 cents good drainage. Expenses very reasonable. Forty Years of Negro Education.. 10 cents Opportunity for Self-help. Ultimate Race Problem 10 cents Fall Term Opens Sept. 27, 1911. The Political Capacity of the For information address Negro 10 cents The Talented Tenth 10 cents President R. W. McGranahan KNOXVILLE, TENN. ADDRESS AUTHOR

BOOKS PUBLICATIONS OF THE N. A. A. C. P. The N. A. A. C. P. hu for ule the followina pamphlet*: The Cur»e of Race Prejudice 1. Disfranchisement: A powerful argument by the Rev. John Haynes Holmes. JAMES F. MOMTOM, JB., A.M., Author and Publuhtr 2. Education in the South: Facts about the discrimination against the Negro. By the Rev. Forceful, rational, comprehensive. An arsenal Horace Bumstead, former president of Atlanta of facts and unanswerable arguments. Invaluable University. for propaganda. Read the chapter on "The Bug­ 3. The Real Race Problem: A scientific com­ bear of Social Equality," which is a veritable eye- parison of the black and the white man by Ameri­ ca's foremost anthropologist, Prof. Boas, of opener. Thousands already sold. Agents wanted Columbia University. everywhere. 4. Social Control. By Jane Addams, of Hull

1 House. . y ... PRICE 25 CENTS - 5. The Negro as a Soldier. By Brigadier- Address the Author at 244 West 143d Street, : General Burt, U. S. A. New York, N. Y. Ftvc Cento Each. Three Dollar* a Thousand

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Mention THE CRISIS. Along the Color Line

POLITICAL. 1$ A favorable report on the nomination of William H. Lewis to be Assistant At­ On June 12 the Senate voted to amend torney-General has been authorized by the Constitution so as to permit the elec­ the Senate committee on the judiciary. tion of senators by the people and passed the Bristow amendment which adds a

*J The bills in the Sixty-second Congress JUDICIAL. concerning the Negro are a curious as­ In the matter of the Oklahoma dis­ sortment. Byrd, of Mississippi, has a franchising "grandfather" clause two bill pending, designed to make it a crime decisions have been rendered. It would for whites, Negroes and Mongolians to now appear that it is legal to disfran­ intermarry in the District of Columbia; chise the Negro in the eastern half of Clark, of Florida, has a measure provid­ Oklahoma and illegal in the western ing for "jim crow" street cars in the half. Judge John H. Cotteral, of the District; Hardwick, of Georgia, wants western district, sitting in Oklahoma the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amend­ City, held positively that the amendment ments abrogated; and Roddenburg, of adopted by the people of the State last Missisippi, will endeavor to restrict the August is in violation of the Fifteenth congressional restaurant to white Amendment to the Constitution of the patrons. There is no chance that any United States, while Judge Ralph E. of these bills will become law. They Campbell, of the eastern district, sitting are brought forward merely as proof at Muskogee, sustained demurrers in the to the voters at home that their pro­ case brought against election officials moters are "sound on the question." who refused Negroes the right to vote, Representative Roddenburg, by the holding that no offense had been com­ way, has joined the ranks of Congress­ mitted against the United States. men who have assaulted colored men, a society adorned by Senator Stone, In his opinion, Judge Cotteral said that who slapped a waiter some time ago, and it is the prerogative of a State to estab­ Congressman Heflin, who shot a Negro lish educational and other restrictions in Washington. The Georgian recently for voters, but that the Oklahoma educa­ fought a colored passenger in a crowded tional test clearly applies to one race street car because the man jostled him only and is therefore unconstitutional. more than he thought necessary. This "grandfather" clause is the familiar sort which provides that no person be 96 THE CRISIS allowed to vote unless he can read and on indictments returned by the last write any section of the Oklahoma con­ United States Grand Jury charging them stitution, but adds that the law should with peonage. It is alleged that they not apply to any one whose ancestors have been holding farm laborers in a could vote on January 1, 1866. condition of peonage for many months. *J An important decision in Alabama was handed down by Chief Justice R. R. Simpson in the case of Sheriff Jinwright, SOCIAL UPLIFT. of Bullock County, who on April 2 per­ The newly formed Colored Citizens' mitted a mob to take from him and lynch Civic and Protective League of Louisiana a colored prisoner held in the county held a meeting in New Orleans to per­ jail. "It matters not that the prisoner fect their organization. The preamble may have been guilty of the most revolt­ to the constitution and by-laws was ing crime known to our laws," declared adopted. The objects of the league are the court in rendering its opinion, "the stated to be: Interest and co-operation next wave of popular frenzy might de­ in civic improvements; the moral, edu­ prive of his life one who, upon proper cational, commercial and industrial ad­ investigation, would be found to be inno­ vancement of the Negro; the enjoyment cent. and benefit of civil and political rights "It is vain for us to write in our Con­ as guaranteed under the organic law; stitution, that cherished heritage of Eng­ the encouragement of a law-abiding lish-speaking people—'that all persons spirit; the securing of equal and exact accused of crime shall have the right to justice before the law; the approval of a public trial, by an impartial jury, and the law's penalty when due, and disap­ shall not be deprived of life, liberty or proval and opposition when not due. property except by due process of law'— if our government cannot and will not Cfl Attached to the Fifteenth United enforce it. A law not enforced is no law States Cavalry in the pageant attending at all. The sheriff who defends his pris­ the coronation of George V. are nine oner from violence is defending the con­ colored cavalrymen under the command stitution of his State and perchance the of Major F. S. Foltz. lives, the liberty and the happiness of his own family." tj Senator Curtis, of Kansas, has intro­ duced a bill in the Senate to erect in the

Illinois legislature an appropria­ The General Education Board has tion of $100,000 for an armory for col­ awarded $634,000 to white and colored ored soldiers. This will be the first colleges and schools and for other edu­ armory in the United States built for cational purposes. Conditional appropri­ colored soldiers. Representative Edward ations were made to these colleges: Green, the colored member of the Illi­ Converse College, Spartanburg, S. C, nois legislature, put the bill through the $50,000; Drury College, Springfield, Mo., assembly. $75,000; Franklin College, Franklin, Ind., $75,000; Franklin and Marshall College,

Nashville, Tenn. The Hubbard Hospital men, banks and others will be interested was opened several months ago. The in the project and every effort made to wing already completed cost about prevent Orientals and colored persons $15,000, which was raised among the from renting or buying property in sec­ colored people themselves. The furniture tions in which many pretty homes have in the building was supplied by funds been erected. Certain sections of the raised by numerous colored women's city have been designated as "restricted" clubs. areas.

REV. H. C. BISHOP iliary to the Board of Missions, Girls' Club and St. Agnes Club for young girls On June 4 the Episcopal Church of (divided into two parts). I have not St. Philip, New York, celebrated the been disposed to multiply without need, twenty-fifth anniversary of the induction but the result of work has brought these into being, and they have all lived save one, St. Cecelia Society, a musical so­ ciety. Each organization is now a most efficient part of its existence. "In my rectorship there have been baptisms, 551; confirmations, 1,088; mar­ riages, 541; burials. 852; communicants number over 1,100; 650 in the Sunday school, with the average attendance of 500; $1,025,328 has passed through the treasurers' hands. Of this sum $4,080 has gone to missions, $48,000 for pur­ chase of church in Twenty-fifth Street; $265,000 for present church and parish house; $199,856 for maintenance of the church during twenty-five years, and $513,000 expended on other property. Half of the whole has gone to maintain the church building proper."

EEV. H. C. BISHOP

of its rector, the Rev. Hutchins C. Bishop. This congregation recently moved to a new building uptown and the Rev. Mr. Bishop summed up its progress during the last quarter century: "I came to this church January 1, 1886, and found as well established a parish as in those times could be," he said. "There was an intact corporation, serv­ ices regularly maintained. The communi­ cant list of 300 with 187 families repre­ sented a splendid foundation upon which to work. There were two organizations. The oldest female assistants' society still lives and carries on its work; St. Philip's Parish Home for aged and infirm still exists and with measure of success. To­ day the organizations are St. Philip's Young Men's Guild, Altar Society, St. Christopher Club (divided into three parts), the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, Parish Home Auxiliary, Women's Aux­ ST. PHILIP'S CHURCH, NEW YORK MEN OF THE MONTH 103

MB. H. H. ASQUITH MB. A. J. BALFOUR

TWO PRIME MINISTERS papers. The congress will meet in Lon­ don from July 26 to July 29. We give It is of great interest to the friends of the programme of the session of July 28, the First Universal Races Congress to when the Negro problem in various know that both the Right Hon. H. H. phases will be discussed: Asquith and the Right Hon. Arthur Bal­ The South African Native, Tengo four, the leaders of the opposing political Jabavo, Kingwilliamstown. The African parties in England, have consented to Problem, Edward Wilmot Blyden, LL.D., serve as vice-presidents of the congress and Sir Harry Johnston, G.C.M.G., and will be actively interested in its ses­ K.C.B., D.Sc. The Negro in America, sions. The list of honorary vice-presi­ W. E. B. DuBois, Ph.D. The Negro dents includes 110 members of the Hague Problem in Relation to White Women, court of arbitration, 27 heads of parlia­ Dr. Frances Hoggan. The American ments throughout the world, and 80 Indian, Dr. Charles A. Eastman (Ohi- rulers, ministers of state, governors and yesa). The Mixed Races of Brazil, Dr. ambassadors. Forty distinguished schol­ Joao Baptiste de Lacerda, Director of ars, from 20 different countries, will read the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro.

THE VISION

By WILLIAM STANLEY BRAITHWAITE

(McClure's Magazine for June.)

YOU are the vision, you are the image of the dream, The voice among the stars, the silence in the stream; A breath of the infinite poise, where space and time are spun, And the circling orbits wheel their planets round the sun. Beyond the outer margin where nothing calls to God Leaps the fiery symbol to bloom where your feet have trod; Here is the earth resurgent with color and bloom of spring, Glorying the dream and the vision in the song you bring. OPINION

THE OKLAHOMA DECISION. The Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch quotes the Tribune and then says It is generally conceded that Judge frankly: Cotteral's decision that the Oklahoma "Qualified by the statement that we do "grandfather" clause is unconstitutional not think that the colored man should will result in an appeal to the Supreme have the right to vote, this being a white Court. Most newspapers avoid discus­ man's country, there is much force in sion of the decision. The Indianapolis what the Tribune says—if the suffrage Star, however, cheers Judge Cotteral is to be placed on an educational quali­ heartily: fication, that qualification should be en­ "His argument is to the effect that the forced without discrimination. If the power to grant the right to vote was .not suffrage is worth having, it is worth win­ given to the Federal Government, but ning. Our present purpose, however, is the Fifteenth Amendment decreed that not to discuss the subject on this broad the right to vote should not be denied line, but simply to suggest that this is any person because of 'race, color or not the time—we do not think the time previous condition of servitude.' To will ever come—for amending the Con­ make the subjection of certain individ­ stitution as to the method of electing uals to the 'educational test' dependent United States Senators; particularly, is on their condition before 1866 would it not the time for Senators from the make it dependent on their race and Southern States to open the way for a color, the Court held. return of the day when we shall have "It is refreshing to find one court to fight the Negro question all over with courage and clear understanding again. There are about 4,000,000 [sic] enough to decide directly on the merits Negroes in the United States, most of of the question and not evade it by rul­ them in the South, and it would not be ing on a technicality. An appeal will comfortable to have them taking part in probably be taken, and the Supreme the election of Senators, should the Fed­ Court will hardly be able to evade de­ eral cotfrts hold to the doctrine of uni­ cision when the question comes before it versal suffrage. It is worth thinking in this way. Should it sustain the Okla­ about." homa court the ruling will affect all the other States where a similar disfranchis­ ing law is in force. The point in dis­ pute does not touch on the wisdom or THE ALABAMA DECISION. unwisdom of Negro suffrage, but of whether a State has the power to over­ The Boston Herald refers to the ad­ rule the Federal Constitution. For the mirable decision of the Supreme Court of present, at least, Oklahoma will have to Alabama, which has removed a sheriff refrain from doing so." who allowed his prisoner to be lynched, and says: The New York Tribune says: "The Montgomery Times speaks of the "It is time that restrictions on the suf­ decision being received with satisfaction frage which are apparently based solely by lovers of law enforcement and haters on race and color should be passed on of lawlessness. And it is fair to assume by the Federal courts. There is no good that it reflects the sober sentiment of excuse for such restrictions, since any the State, as the newly elected Governor, State wishing to deny the ballot to the Emmett O'Neal, is responsible for push­ ignorant, the vicious or the defective can ing the case. Nothing will so help to employ legitimate means to improve the make this a law-abiding country as a character of its electorate. It can im­ widespread conviction that Law is in­ pose an educational or property qualifi­ tended for enforcement. Alabama is to cation, levy a poll tax or insist on a long be congratulated on officials who, appre­ term of residence. But it is imperative ciating the gravity of the issue, have had that the restrictions imposed should ap­ the courage to take the righteous stand. ply equally to all voters, whatever their Laxity in the South has arisen in part race or color. There should be no dis­ from a failure to gauge the public opin­ crimination in favor of the white illit­ ion of the World. The people of that erate or undesirable person and against section no more lack 'a decent respect the colored illiterate and undesirable. for the opinion of mankind' than do Each voter should stand on his own others. They have simply failed to take merit and owe nothing to the undemo­ in the condemnation meted out to them cratic distinction of family descent." by the civilized world." OPINION 105

The Atlanta Georgian says the sheriff happy dwellers in the London slums: deserves his disgrace. "No sheriff, no "The first installment refers to the officer of any kind, who would be guilty lowest types of Londoners, and Mr. of such dishonorable conduct deserves to Washington describes certain homeless remain in office for one moment. The and broken men hunting for garbage and law is too sacred for it thus to be begging under thin disguises than whom stabbed in the back by the very persons he has never seen anything more hope­ who have sworn to uphold and defend less and wretched. He docs not appear to have made any close social or eco­ it." nomic study of our problems, but an im­ pression is not without its value even "THE MAN FARTHEST DOWN." though there is not any basis of compari­ Mr. Booker T. Washington's articles son between the lowest of the Negroes in the Outlook have received comment and the lowest of the Englishmen. He on both sides of the proposition that the does, however, find points of contrast; Negro in the South is better off than the Negro 'is never without hope and a the European peasant. Some Southern certain joy in living,' he can always find papers have quoted the articles with labor of some kind, and Mr. Washington brief observations of their own or none has never heard of a Negro dying from at all. The New York Tribune, however, lack of food. We have the fine institu­ goes into the question: tions here, it seems, but though they "Dr. Washington says that he has may save us from wrongs which are suf­ been tremendously impressed by the fact fered by the Negroes of the Southern that the masses of Southern Negroes do States they cannot always ensure bread. not fully appreciate the advantages which "A good deal is made of the fifty-two they possess in living in a country where cases of positive starvation in London there is a constant demand for labor of during a year, and these are formidable all sorts. Furthermore, it is clear thai enough if they are taken as an indica­ they do not sufficiently appreciate the tion of the numbers who do not quite practical monopoly which they enjoy in starve, but it seems that these extreme a great labor market like the South's. cases have a certain spectacular value. The Southern landowner has been edu­ Mr. Washington's desire in investigating cated to the use of Negro labor. He is the state of the most degraded of Euro­ more or less blind to its shortcomings peans is to render a service to his own and is disposed to ignore its relative in­ race. 'There are not a few Negroes who efficiency. The farmhand on the South­ sometimes become discouraged and feel ern cotton plantation and the roustabout that their condition and prospects are on Southern wharves and steamboats worse than those of any other group of are, considering the work they do, about human beings. I wanted to see groups the highest-paid laborers in the United of people who are much worse oft than States. They represent an uneconomic the Negro, and, through detailing their survival of hand labor in a world of condition, place such facts before the labor-saving machinery. In the field of Negro in America as would make him domestic service the Southern Negro feel and see that, instead of being the has also a practical monopoly. Colored worst off, his condition and prospects cooks, nurses, waiters and laundresses are much better than those of millions get good wages and have no white com­ of people who are in the same relative petition. They are all well fed and well stage of civilization.' clothed and receive a degree of consid­ eration which is not given elsewhere to "This betrays a dreadfully unscientific household employees. spirit, and we should suppose that stu­ dents of social conditions would look "It is a fact little noticed by those who with suspicion on Mr. Washington's hold that the American Negro does not facts; but it is moving and pathetic that have a fair chance industrially that the a leader of a race should set out to find struggle for life, which is so fierce and comfort for his fellows in the miseries so exhausting in many other parts of the of other races." world, hardly touches him at all if he Mr. John E. Milholland, whose reply stays South. . . . The lot of the aver to Mr. Washington in England last sum­ age American Negro, especially the Ne­ mer occasioned so much discussion, gro of the South, is not worse than that sends a long article to the Boston Guar­ of any other group of human beings of dian. He refers to "platitudinous, nar­ similar capacity. It is, on the contrary, cotic deliverances" in the Outlook, and one which, offers a relatively large pro­ then says, in part: portion of comfort, opportunity and "What was the issue raised by him and hope." discussed by me? The pauperism of The Manchester (England) Guardian London? Certainly not. The awful con­ finds the articles unscientific, but thinks dition of the East End? Nothing of it-extremely pathetic that there should the kind. be any race so miserable as to be en­ "Surely in this day no argument is nec­ couraged by the fact that it has not essary to prove that, all in all, the Ameri­ sunk so low. as a few of the most un­ can masses, black and white, are better 106 THE CRISIS off materially—that is, in the matter of know that fifty-two English beggars food and drink—than those of most old- starved to death, although they escaped world nations. This is no longer a his fate. debatable proposition. "It may comfort the hundreds of petty "It would have been more to the point offenders, wholly innocent victims of had Mr. Washington drawn comparisons perverted police justice, that are now between our Negro policy, or lack of it, forced to disgrace humanity and shame and the treatment of its colored popula­ American civilization, working by day tion by the British people. That would in chain gangs and sleeping by night like have been relevant and quite in order. beasts of the fields in stockades, to know I am more or less familiar with the that English paupers do not always re­ troubles in India, real or imaginary; of • ceive sufficient food to sustain life. the Egyptian ambition for self-govern­ "It may content the one hundred and ment I have, some knowledge, as well as fifty thousand disfranchised colored vot­ of race relations in the West Indies and ers of Louisiana to know that while de­ Canada; and in the light of that knowl­ prived of all the rights of citizenship edge I challenge Dr. Washington or guaranteed to them by the Constitution any one else to deny that there is more of the United States, they nevertheless oppression, injustice and cruelty wit­ will have all the hog and hominy that nessed in Mississippi, the Carolinas and they want to eat, and, according to Mr. other States, North as well as South, Washington's version of the Scripture, during one year than among all the I suppose that immortal psalm will here­ 300 colored millions of India for a after read, 'Man shall live by bread decade. alone.' " "When was an Egyptian lynched by his British neighbors? When was a col­ ored man in Hindustan burned at the MEXICO. stake? What disturbance do you hear of in Jamaica and why is it that in the In the June Everybody's John A. vast territory known as British America, Avirette writes of "Diaz and His Peons." with all its mixed races and Indian tribes, He says the revolution in Mexico is a a few hundred policemen are sufficient revolution of hungry men who have been to maintain as perfect order as exists taught to read and think. throughout any rural region of the civil­ "It is primarily a war brought on by ized world? excessive and unequal taxation. For years the taxes have steadily risen, until "On one point I agree with Dr. Wash­ the poor can no longer endure them. If ington, but it requires no 'official statis­ a poverty-stricken peon eats his own pig tics' to convince people that English pau­ he must pay a tax of two to three dollars perism is a dreadful thing. The English for doing so. If he happens to own a people themselves realize it, and the un­ cow, and hunger compels him to eat precedented measure introduced recently her, he is taxed seven dollars. This alone in Parliament by the Chancellor of the is indictment enough- to damn any gov­ Exchequer, and accepted in principle by ernment on earth!" all political parties, evidences the na­ tional determination to grapple with the Mr. Avirette thinks the abuses in Mex­ problem along the boldest lines, just as ico were due to Diaz's advanced age and my old friend, General Booth, of the Sal­ his dependence on those about him rather vation Army, urged a quarter of a cen­ than to any inhumanity in the old "be­ tury ago. nevolent despot," but the order he founded is forever gone. What of this "Right here is afforded the real an­ to us in the United States? asks Mr. tithesis, the most striking contrast Avirette. between the British and our own "It is absolutely true that Mexicans government. view Americans with dislike and suspi­ "In comparison with the statesmanlike cion, notwithstanding all polite lies to efforts of England to deal with this ques­ the contrary. They tolerate us for two tion, what have we to offer? Mob mur­ principal reasons. The first is that they der without protest, lynch law as thor­ are weaker than we are in armed power. oughly established as though it were The second is that they need American upon the statute books, . . . trial by ability, energy and capital. jury suppressed, free speech denied, "This dislike is racial and fundamental. elections a farce and the Constitution in The Anglo-Saxon and the Indian have practical operation a mere sectional never understood each other. . The pur­ document! poseful and resistless advance of the "Mr. Washington acts wisely in press­ fo rmer has first dispossessed, and then ing his comparisons between the nations exterminated, the latter. The average no further than the poorhouse or the Mexican is virtually an Indian and feels unfortunate tramps asleep on the the menace to him of Mexico's Ameri­ Thames Embankment, and it may alle­ canization. Mexicans have never for­ viate the tortures of the next poor devil given the war by which we Americans roasted at the stake down in Georgia to forcibly took from them California, Ari- THE N. A. A. C. P. 107 zona, New Mexico and Texas; nor did way for the two races to live in peace the service we rendered them in the to the end of time is for the Negro elimination of Maximilian balance our race to live in recognition of their in­ own earlier aggression. Like all the feriority. We should be generous with rest of the Spanish republics of Central the colored people, I repeat, but they and South America, they distrust the mo­ must never expect a place at the white tives that inspire us when we enforce man's table. the Monroe Doctrine. For every inter­ "The Indians, with whom the Anglo- vention of ours to save a Venezuela from Saxons had to contend, refused to live oppression by a European power they in peace with their white neighbors. As recall our share in the theft of a Panama a result of this, they were forced to the from a Colombia. east and west coasts of their former "It is also an unfortuante fact that our dominions, and are now seeing the ex­ rough-and-ready citizens lack considera­ tinction of their race, as they gaze at tion for all dark-skinned races. We the setting sun". If the African race deem them all inferiors. The expression repeats the folly of the red men, they Qf this contempt has estranged our Afro- will share their fate." American fellow citizens, has incensed

THE N. A. A. C. P.

The lawyer who acted for the N. A. My investigation in the latter place A. C. P. ,in the case of Henry Graham, on May 17 convinced me that the only arrested at Lakewood, New Jersey, in case which the State had against Graham connection with the murder of Mrs. in connection with this murder was that Turner, sends the following report to he was the only man who up to that the Chairman of the Executive Com­ time was known to have been near the mittee: scene of the crime at the time of its May 19, 1911. commission. He was intoxicated that morning and his story as to his move­ MR. OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD : ments on that day and the next contained I left New York Tuesday night, May numerous discrepancies. While there is 16. On Thursday night, May 18, nothing illegal in thus locking up a sus­ Graham had been released from jail pected person against whom a circum­ without a resort to legal proceedings stantial case only, such as here, is made being necessary and was on his way to out, I feel sure that Graham was sus­ his home in Lakewood. pected and arrested in this case mainly 108 THE CRISIS

because he was a colored man, and it is we should share with the friends of the precisely this discrimination between a National Association: black man and a white which we are trying to break up. LAKEWOOD, N. J., May 29, 1911. Graham, therefore, because he was col­ DR. W. E. B. DUBOIS: . ored and because there was no one else DEAR SIR—You will please pardon me upon whom to fasten the crime, was for not writing before this, but I have locked up in the Toms River jail as a been in a state of joy and gladness to material witness and was examined the the extent of my life until I could not first night by the public prosecutor and compose myself to write. I wish to the detectives. From that night, how­ thank you and the firm which you repre­ ever, he was left alone and received sent of law and the representative which kind treatment. He had just recovered you sent down to Toms River, N. J., from an attack of pneumonia, and as he and secured my husband's (Henry was not well he was given all the medi­ Graham) freedom from the charge of cal attention which was necessary. I knowing something of the death of one am able to state positively that there Mrs. Charles T. Turner, whose body has been no element of the "third de­ was found here in the woods in April. gree" in this case. My husband was innocent and you On Wednesday evening I proceeded proved him to be as soon as you took to Toms River, and in the absence of up the case. He and I wish to thank the public prosecutor, Mr. Theodore J. you again for your kindness and good R. Brown, I saw his assistant, Mr. W. work done. I shall make a donation to Howard Jeffrey. You will be more than the firm, that the good work may go on. pleased to know that Mr. Jeffrey re­ Everything is quiet now, and though my called at once the work of the National husband has been sick since coming Association in connection with the As- home he is better now. And when I bury Park and Georgetown cases, which leave this land for heaven, my home, I he said had been noted by the criminal will you, and this deed of justice, remem­ authorities throughout this section of ber. With best wishes, I remain, the State. He intimated that he had- anticipated my arrival in connection with Yours very truly, this case, and that Graham had been ANNIE and HENRY GRAHAM. treated accordingly. As a matter of professional courtesy he requested me not to take any steps looking toward the release of Graham The horrible lynching at Lake City, until he could place me in touch with Florida, was at once investigated by the the prosecutor himself. We reached the Association. The following account was prosecutor in New York by. telephone secured from a prominent educator in next morning, and he made an appoint­ Florida, and was sent to forty papers, ment to see me in Toms River at noon. in various parts of the country: Mr. Jeffrey went up by the early morn­ Secretary of the National Association ing train to meet him. for the Advancement of Colored Mr. Brown failed to arrive in Toms People: River by the noon train, and as I was In reply to your note seeking informa­ waiting in my hotel for the arrival of tion as to the facts in the case of the the .next train, the sheriff came in and Lake City, Fla., murder on the 20th inst., informed me that Mr. Brown had rushed I beg to make the following statement over from Lakewood by automobile and of facts as far as I have been able to had stayed just long enough to release learn them: Graham, and to leave the message for me that Graham would not be molested The apparent origin of the trouble was again unless a genuine case was made a neighborhood quarrel between a white out against him. Graham in the mean­ man and a Negro over a trivial matter time had started to walk twelve miles to resulting in a murderous assault on the Lakewood. This was about 4:30 on part of the white man upon the Negro Thursday afternoon. I learned in Lake- who took the pistol away from his as­ wood last night that Graham's wife had sailant. The matter came up in the heard from him and was expecting him Justice of the Peace Court, in which in the course of the evening. I arranged the Negro was exonerated. with Mr. Matthews, the colored minister It appears that the white man (or in Lakewood, to inform Dr. DuBois or men) renewed the quarrel, even to the myself of any further developments in extent of entering the yard of the Negro the case unfavorable to Graham. (Norris by name), where the shooting C. AMES BROOKS. affray occurred, resulting in the death of one white man and in the wounding The following letter, received from the of another. Norris and his associates accused man and his wife, we feel that (members of his immediate family and THE N. A. A. C. P. 109 a few neighbors) stood guard over the matter must be left to the individual body of the dead man, allowing no one States. to approach except the dead man's wife, until the sheriff arrived to whom he and The Committee on Federal Aid to his companions surrendered. Education has reported through its He, together with two sons, son-in- chairman, Dr. Wm. H. Maxwell, that law and two neighbors were brought to acceptances to serve on a committee to the Tallahassee jail, fifteen miles from consider the whole question of Federal the scene of the trouble. Fearing mob aid have been received from Prof. John violence, the sheriff, contrary to the ad­ Dewey, Rev. Frederick Lynch, Mr. John vice of the Governor it appears, sent E. Milholland, Dr. Charles H. Park- them to the Live Oak jail, eighty miles hurst, Miss Lillian D. Wald, Dr. Owen away, where they stayed one night only. M. Waller and Dr. Stephen S. Wise. Thence they were taken to Lake City, Dr. Maxwell will call a meeting in the 106 miles from Tallahassee and 26 miles early autumn, and ask the members to from Live Oak. present a plan for work to the Executive By ruse as per telegraphic reports, Committee. these six men were taken from the jail and shot to death in the suburbs of the The Director of Publicity and Re­ town by a dozen men—three automobile search made, during the month of May, loads of persons unknown and from un­ a lecture tour which took him as far known places. Of course the air is full west as Denver. He spoke at Wheel­ of rumors; but, like rumors, the informa­ ing, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Colorado tion given is more or less unreliable. Springs, addressing in all from three to The upper House of the Legislature, four thousand people, and receiving con­ now in session, has voted a reward of siderable attention from the press. He $5,000 for the arrest with evidence to is now in England for the Universal convict the guilty parties. It is more Races Congress. He has acted for that than probable that the lower House will body as the American secretary for the concur. colored races, and will give the address The better elements of the whites at the Congress on the Negro in the throughout the State are thoroughly United States. aroused over this especially heinous Before sailing Dr. DuBois had made crime; and it may be that there will be several other engagements to speak on a serious effort made to bring the assas­ race matters in London. He will address sins into court. These are the bare the West London Ethical Society, the facts inthe case, as I have been able to Subject Races International Committee gather them from conversation and from and the Liberal Club, and he will be local papers. entertained at dinner by the Lyceum Club. The Races Congress opens July 25. On May 31 a number of organizations, including the National Association, rep­ Mr. W. deForest Brush, the well- resented by Dr. Wm. A. Sinclair, secured known New York artist, received a few an audience with President Taft and pre­ weeks ago a call from a young colored sented a resolution against lynching. lad who asked if he might show him After detailing the series of terrible some water-color paintings that he had lynchings—eleven in three weeks—"-that made at his home near Charleston, had been permitted in the South, the W. Va. The boy produced his pictures, resolution declared: which Mr. Brush at once saw showed nothing short of genius. Without any "We believe that the time has come instruction, except such knowledge of when the Chief Executive of the nation colors as came to him through his trade —into whose hands have been committed of sign painter, the Doy produced work the enforcement of the laws and the of great delicacy, beauty and truthful­ preservation of the rights of all the peo­ ness. Mr. Brush wishes to teach the lad ple—should call the attention of Congress himself, and the Association is raising to this awful reign of lawlessness and money to support the boy during his murder, and recommend that appropriate years of instruction. legislation be enacted for the protection of life, liberty and property in every part of the United States, as the State gov­ The Rev. John Haynes Holmes is ernments seem impotent to render such arranging a meeting for the centenary protection. of Wendell Phillips's birth, Nov. 29, 1911, "And we would urgently implore your at Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. Mr. excellency to send a special message to Charles Edward Russell will be one of Congress, asking that such action be the speakers. taken, as will remove this foul blot which impeaches our civilization, our Chris­ The New York branch, of which Prof. tianity and the honor of our nation." J. E. Spingarn is chairman, is forming a The President assured the committee City Vigilance Committee, with Mr. Gil­ that he could do nothing, and that the christ Stewart at its head. 110 THE CRISIS JULY, 1911 111

Young Men's Christian Association Basketball Team at Washington D. C. This team mas never defeated. EDITORIAL

THE FLAG. of the militant position taken by this REPRESENTATIVES from a Association. What, for instance, number of organizations con­ could be more gratifying than this? cerned with securing justice It is a reprimand from the Comman­ to the Negro—among them the N. A. der-in-Chief of the army, the Presi­ A. C. P.—called upon President Taft dent himself, to a colonel who failed the other day in regard to the recent to advance a man on account of a lynchings in Kentucky, Florida, Geor­ prejudice against his race: gia and Oklahoma. In view of the "The President directs the Secre­ fact that Negroes had been murdered tary of War to inform Col. Garrard at an average of one a day, the that his attitude in this matter is committee respectfully asked that the strongly disapproved as contrary to President call the attention of Con­ the ideals and principles of this gress to this reign of lawlessness and country. that appropriate legislation be enacted. "Such procedure indicates not only The President received the delegates prejudice that should not be found with every courtesy, but assured them in an officer of his position and ex­ that the matter of lynching must be perience, but amounts to a failure to left entirely to the individual States. justly and fairly consider the merits There is a side to this doctrine of and claims of the applicant as shown States rights not without interest. A by his efficient service and excellent black man finds his status in the standing in the mental examinations. United States safer if he is a British "Col. Garrard has been admonished subject than if he is an American to avoid a repetition of the action citizen. Thus, a colored woman, taken in this case." entering the country a year ago, was And read this argument against subjected to grave indignities until disfranchisement. Does it not deal it was learned that her husband was clearly and comprehensively with the a Britisher, when the attitude toward matter? It is the Saturday Evening her at once changed and she was Post of Philadelphia which speaks:. given due consideration. It would "For a hundred years they have be a matter for Federal interference been demonstrating that they know if black British subjects were taken how to fight; and the last century of from jail and used as quarry by history shows that ability to fight, hunting gentlemen, but black Ameri­ without some political ability, does a can citizens, unable to appeal to the people little good. After each victory Union Jack, are assured that the they remain, as before, subject to Stars and Stripes have no power to whatever mere luck may bring them protect them from serving as living of good or bad in a ruler. Excluding targets or from slowly burning at the a people from politics . . . because stake. they are politically inexperienced, is of a piece with keeping a child out of the water because he doesn't know ALLIES. how to swim." OCCASIONALLY we find in How, then, has our cause gained the columns of a national two great allies? Is the fold larger press, which as a rule regards by two wandering • sheep ? Not so, the wrongs of colored citizens as reader. Be not too lifted up. Presi­ "stale news" not worth printing, some dent Taft was dealing with the case really splendid argument in support of a Jewish soldier and the Saturday EDITORIAL

Evening Post was speaking of Mr. T. Thomas Fortune has writ­ Mexico. ten admirably on the danger of the You see, our Jewish citizens have overemphasis of leadership. "Lift up votes, and as to Mexico, does not yourself first," is the gist of his argu­ charity begin abroad? Good luck to ment. And while appreciating to its the Jews—they are our best friends, fullest the fine desire for helpfulness and we rejoice to see them getting on the part of the young, educated out of the Ghetto the Negro is just Negro, we believe that, as far as pos­ getting into. Good luck to our In­ sible, he should discount his own in­ dian brother in Mexico—may he find fluence and his own place in the com­ friends on every side. But it does munity as he goes about his life of seem odd that the rules of justice service. What he needs is to gather and logic should never apply in the about him those men and women in case of the colored man right here the community of best ability and in the United States. highest power, to encourage all that is strong and virile in his comrades, to forget himself as he brings out the LEADERSHIP. latent ability in others. If, on the AT the closing exercises of the other hand, he asserts his leadership, privately endowed schools for the people who could best help him Negroes you are impressed will stand aside, and he will find him­ with the large number of graduates self surrounded only by the second who tell you that they are prepared rate and commonplace. to return to the homes of their child­ That service is best that is not hood, there to become leaders of their overwrapped with self-importance, and race. And judging from the past, that leader is greatest who, like Lin­ this prophecy will not be without ful­ coln, is not self-appointed, but is filment. Instead of going to a new chosen by the people of a democracy. land to seek their fortunes, like white boys and girls who have had similar advantages, many of these colored THE HIGH SCHOOL. youths will return to the narrow, ugly THE city of St. Louis has re­ surroundings of their former homes. cently built a new colored They will sacrifice their personal high school. The story of pleasure for what they believe to be the accomplishment of this great work the good of the race. reads like a bit of intrigue at the One cannot fail to applaud this court of the later kings of France— missionary spirit, but zeal is dis­ of so great difficulty is it for colored counted when it is coupled with an men to get the least public recogni­ egregious sense of self-importance, tion. and this unfortunate combination is For years the colored high school not infrequent. "I leave these be­ was housed in the worst part of St. loved walls," the valedictorian says, Louis, in the midst of white prosti­ with a fine sweep of the hand, "to tutes and liquor dives; for years the return to. my native home and be­ colored people had to be content come a leader of my people. I shall 'with cast-off white schoolhouses and lift them out of the bondage of igno­ inferior accommodations. Finally, re­ rance into the blessings of to-day." peated appeals for a larger and bet­ With this glorious resolve he returns ter high school brought a decision to his people, and before the year is on the part of the Board of Educa­ out is counted a nuisance by his tion to enlarge the old school. fellow townsmen. He went as a mis­ A vigilance committee of six col­ sionary where he had not been in­ ored men, headed by Charles H. vited, and he had not the insight to Dodge, was formed and they brought see that he must be taught by his in so strong a petition that the board neighbors before he attempted to hesitated. They could not find or teach them. afford a site for a new school, they 114 THE CRISIS complained. The committee of si" debarred from Grace Church—why found a site, but two small property not? Because the color of neither owners would not yield. The com­ hair nor skin, no merely physical mittee of six sat up half the night peculiarity and no merely racial dif­ with them and finally themselves paid ference, is sufficient to be made a the difference in price out of their basis of far-reaching and positive own pockets. discrimination and segregation in a Then the white neighbors rose in democratic government; it is silly, arms. The newspapers flamed, and and dehumanizing. meetings were held to keep the Negro If Scotch or Negro or Welsh schoolhouse out of decent quarters; people wish to unite in their own finally it was planned to seize the pro­ churches or schools that is their busi­ posed site for a park. The matter ness ; but to force them to do so is came to a vote, the Negroes 'rallied, unchristian and uncivilized. If a and the project was defeated. (Does separation on a basis of ignorance the black man need the ballot?) throws more Italians in one group At last all was arranged when the than in another, that is a matter of chairman of the committee of six was learning, not of blood, and can be told confidentially that the board cured by schools. But for a sane, stood six to six on the project of the decent American here in the twentieth new Negro high school, and that century to encumber his paper with a unless a certain man was won over defense of caste and discrimination all was lost. Dodge went to see the based on nothing more than race and man. The gentleman's secretary re­ color shows the moral plane on which fused him admission. Dodge went a ' certain class of Americans are to another man and got a letter. The living. vote stood seven to five, and black St. Louis got a one-hundred-thousand- dollar high school, the best-equipped THE CORONATION. school of its kind in the country. GEORGE V. has been duly Moral—Heaven and St. Louis help crowned King, Emperor and them who help themselves. so forth. There was not at the coronation any special attempt, DISCRIMINATION. we understand, to emphasize the fact that the British Empire is predomi­ ANORTHERN paper defends nantly colored. race discrimination in this wise: The typical American is an octo­ "A Negro is good enough to asso­ roon or, counting the islands, a mu­ ciate with a Negro. If not, why not? latto ; but the typical Britisher is only Why is not a 'Jim Crow' car good one-eighth white. Of the 450,000,000 enough for a Negro to ride in if it of beings under the Union Jack only is just as good as the cars used by 54,000,000 are white. Next to them white people? Why is not a colored come 300,000,000 yellow, brown and church good enough for a colored black Asiatics, and British Africa congregation ? Why is not a colored with perhaps 100,000,000 blacks and school good enough for colored chil­ mixed bloods. dren ? To say that they are not is The coming world man is colored. to join Governor Vardaman in declar­ For the handful of whites in this ing that Negroes are an inferior and world to dream that they with their criminal people." present declining birth rate can ever A- red-headed man is good enough inherit the earth and hold the darker to associate with red-headed men; all millions in perpetual subjection is the persons with bald heads might be wildest of wild dreams. Humanity is made to ride in 'special coaches; all the goal of all good, and no single Irishmen could be forced to go to race, whatever its color or deeds, can the Irish school; cripples might be disinherit God's anointed peoples. FAMOUS COLLECE ATHLETES 115

THE PREPARATION OF COLLEGE ATHLETES Team of the Armstrong High School, Washington, D. C.

The Colored College Athlete

By EDWIN B. HENDERSON

Physical Director M Street and Armstrong High Schools, Washington, D. C,

The colored college athlete of the past' When competent physical directors and present bears an enviable reputation. and equal training facilities are afforded His athletic prowess has brought him the colored youth the white athlete will fame, his skill and courage have gained find an equal or superior in nearly every for him the respect and admiration of line of athletic endeavor. The native thousands, and it is impossible to over­ muscular development and vitality of the estimate the effect of his career upon the Negro of the South, if directed in chan­ minds of thousands of Americans who nels of athletic activities, would lower have seen him perform or have read of many records now standing, and our his doings. The path of the Negro ath­ leaders should grasp the situation and lete is not strewn with roses. He must develop agencies to conserve the vital fight the prejudiced attacks of Negro- forces of the race. Physical training, haters, whose methods are low and de­ including athletics, should be a well-out­ spicable. Fraternities often rule and lined course in every school for colored hamper his efforts, so that in nearly all youth; it should not be thrown into the cases where he does win out his superi­ hand of inexperienced student control, ority is made evident beyond the slight­ but should be developed under the direc­ est doubt. Nearly every Negro athlete tion of a department of physical educa­ of prominence in college has been a gen­ tion. At least one organization, the In- tleman, has worn his honors with mod­ terscholastic Athletic Association of the esty, and has gained respect by playing Middle Atlantic States, exists for the pur­ the game and ignoring the taunts of prej­ pose of spreading the doctrine of sound udiced opponents. health for colored people, and has prob- 116 THE CRISIS ably done more to build up amateur ath­ the famous two-mile relay team of the letics for the race than any other agency. University of Pennsylvania. Ernest To win a college letter in a. major Marshall, now physical director at How­ sport is the highest honor that can befall ard University, was captain of the Exeter an athlete. No more than fifteen men track team, and won his Williams Col­ lege letter as a member of the football team. Amherst has ever owed a large part of her fame to colored men. W. T. S. Jackson, of M Street High School in Washington, won his letter in football, baseball and on the track. His record for the half mile and quarter mile stood for many years as a school mark. "Heine" Bullock, of Andover, was con­ sidered one of the greatest fullbacks ever seen, and was a star track performer. Charley Watkins was another high-class football player at Andover. To suit many purposes Johnson, the famous Carlisle quarterback of Glenn Warner's redskin eleven, whose general­ ship caused the overthrow of many a big four team, was not generally known to be a Negro. In the University of Ver­ mont a colored lad, Watkins by name, was captain of the football team. Ayler, of Brown, more than once thrilled the souls of thousands of Brown men with spectacular dashes and tackles on the gridiron. Up in the Hanoverian hills

M. W. BULLOCK A Dartmouth Football Hero. out of a school roll of 5,000 can hope to win the honor at Harvard on the foot­ ball field during a season, only twelve or fifteen may aspire to the baseball honor, while the track honor is won by fewer athletes. Many colored athletes have achieved this distinction. • Hon. William H. Lewis, now Assistant Attorney General, is considered by many the best center the game of football has known. He won his letter at Amherst, and captained the team. At Harvard his greatest reputation as a center rush was attained, and during a game with the University of Pennsylvania, he was cap­ tain of the great Harvard eleven. Na­ poleon Marshall, a lawyer of Washing­ ton, D. C., was a runner of no mean ability, and won his letter in track work at Harvard. Matthews, the famous shortstop, was undoubtedly the best man on the baseball team at Harvard Uni­ N. B. MARSHALL versity, and many a game was won through his work with the stick. Who Distinguished Himself on Harvard's Track Team Every University of Pennsylvania student and alumnus knows of the late Matthew Bullock was a hero for four John B. Taylor, the runner whose record years. He was undoubtedly one of the for the quarter mile of 48 4-5 seconds best end rushes that Dartmouth has ever still stands untouched. Dr. Howard had, and his fame will live in the hearts Smith, of Baltimore, was anchor man on of Dartmouth men. FAMOUS COLLEGE ATHLETES 117

157 feet with the hammer, 26 seconds in the low hurdles, and over 21 feet with the broad jump. Leonard Lapslcy at the University has had the grit and nerve to withstand the attacks of race prejudice, and is showing good form in the sprint events. Fred White, of the University of Penn­ sylvania, during the past season captured first place in the fifty-yard dash at the indoor games of the Middle Atlantic A. A. U., held on Young's Pier, in Atlantic City. John Pinkctt, of Amherst, is an athlete whose ability has overshadowed all others in athletic performances. Two years ago he was the only man at his college to win a place in the New Eng­ land Intercollegiates, and for two sea­ sons has been considered the best man in New England playing center. His playing has compared favorably with his famous predecessor, Lewis. Ed Gray, of Howard University, another former M Street High School boy, created a sensa­ tion during his stay at Amherst by being chosen the third all-American half­ back, and is now considered the best halfback in the South. WILLIAM C. MATTHEWS' There are many colored athletes in the Harvard's Famous Shortstop secondary schools and colleges of the South whose names will yet find a place In the West, Oberlin College has had with the names of former great athletes need of the skill, brawn and brains of on the roll of honor. the Negro. Merton Robinson for three years won the college letter, as catcher on the baseball nine, and last year his younger brother, Howard, finished a three years' position as catcher. These, two brothers are the only colored men P who have played on the baseball team. W. Washington was a celebrated half­ back on the . Oberlin team back in the nineties, and Pat Brown was given the record of tfie best guard in Ohio last year. Principal Ed. C. Williams, of M Street High School, of Washington, was a star college baseball player, and his feats on the diamond still live in the memory of the athletes of Western .Re­ serve. He also won the century event in impressive fashion as a track athlete. Dan Fairfax and Ted Green were two college athletes whose fame as gridiron warriors was heralded throughout Ohio. Minnesota State College lends a bright star to the array of football lights; Mar­ shall, all-western end for two years and head coach of the Minnesota team, was one of the most versatile of all players of the Western Conference teams. Jewett, back in the nineties, was the great fullback of the Michigan Uni­ versity team. Of the Negroes in the limelight to­ day, we have at Harvard a man whose feats will soon bring him into public LEONARD LAPSLEY notice. This athlete. Cable, has done Of the University of Michigan THE CRISIS

past three years in Atlanta, while men like W. A. Joiner, G. C. Wilkinson, R. N. Mattingly, W. A. DeCatur are respon­ sible for the splendidly controlled system of athletics conducted in the Middle At­ lantic States through the co-operation of the schools composing the Interscholas- tic Athletic Association. Among the leading collegiate athletes of the schools in this section are many whose ability places them in the ranks of the stars of the country. Terry, of How­ ard University, as halfback; Barco, for­ merly of Union University and Howard University, as a quarterback and short­ stop; Branch, a tackle of Lincoln Uni­ versity, and Oliver, a crack basketball forward of Howard University, have but few peers. Our universities and colleges have been hampered through the general ig­ norance existing in regard to the value and place of physical education in insti­ tutions of learning, but conditions are now improving. When Howard Univer­ sity, Lincoln University, Hampton Insti­ tute, Shaw University and Southern col­ leges decide to adopt rules of eligibility

JOHN PINKETT Of Amherst

In Washington there are a few scho­ lastic athletes soon bound to be heard of in collegiate circles. H. B. Desmond and Henry George, of Howard Academy; James Burwell, of Armstrong Technical High School, and Cyrus Miller, of M Street High School, have registered times and distances equivalent to the best marks done by secondary school athletes in these States. Baltimore and Washington have organized public schools athletic leagues of young col­ ored Americans, which will result in an even better class of athletes in the future. Schools for colored youth are slowly realizing the necessity for physical train­ ing as a means of preserving healthy con­ ditions among students and of creating school traditions which add to the power of these institutions for good. Baseball and football teams alone have occupied the athletic field in our colored colleges in the past, but now in many places other branches of athletics ,are taking root. Competition is getting keener and better athletes are resulting. "Mat" Bullock, now instructing at At­ lanta Baptist College, is responsible for EDWARD GRAY the collegiate track meets held for the Of Howard THE LITTLE KINGDOM OF SALT 119 of players in line with more modern holders of the world in all classes of ath­ schools, and when athletics are assured letic performance. Let our leaders en­ a fitting place in the curriculum of school courage development in this field and no work, the Negro college athlete will race will show to better advantage in measure stride for stride with the record fair and clean competition.

THE M STREET HIGH SCHOOL TEAM, WASHINGTON, D. C. Many of these boys are now distinguishing themselves in college athletics

The Little Kingdom of Salt

N THE heart of the desert of Sahara the Twenty-first Regiment of the French there is a tiny oasis, about six miles Colonial Infantry, has contributed to the I long and two broad. Here lives Monde Illustre of Paris a most interest­ and prospers a curious community ing account of this odd little spot. He of black men whose little kingdom has says when the massive outlines of an im­ hardly ever been visited by the whites. mense caravan are discerned in the dis­ They number only about 600, and are tance the natives of the village are ec­ hundreds of miles from any other civil­ static with joy. Life and abundance are ization, but they are quite content, for approaching. During the two or three they possess what is to them inexhausti­ days that the caravan tarries they are ble wealth in their salt wells. Just as. assiduously courted and feted. vessels stop at little coaling stations, so The business of barter is carried on at great caravans of' camels stop at the the salt wells and in the village all is oasis of Agram and take up the salt in bustle and animation, by night and by return for provisions and other neces­ day, while the salt is being made up into sities. Sometimes as many as 14,000 packages and loaded. An extraordinary camels a year halt there on their way uproar fills the air, compounded of the across the desert. sounds of singing, dancing and quar­ Commandant Mowret, commander of reling, the loud beat of the tom-tom, 120 THE CRISIS and the strange groans and cries of the prevent contact with the ground. In thousands of camels tethered against the them are stored the grain—rice, mil­ walls of the village, which, by the way, let, sorghum, maize—received in ex­ is called Zinder. Then the merchants change for the salt. The covered gallery depart and the oasis settles into its receives more perishable provisions, former peace and calm. such as butter, fat, dried meat and vege­ But there is a constant fear of less tables, as well as garments, pieces of attractive visitors—marauders eager to cloth and utensils of various kinds. A single opening gives access to the interior of the inclosure. It is closed by a solid gate made of thick planks and kept carefully locked and bolted. The key is held by a special guard, desig­ nated by the chief of the tribe. This guard sleeps inside and-is responsible for the safety of the property. This ar­ rangement enables the inhabitants to have only a few days' provisions and the most necessary tools and clothing in their own houses. Thus each family is exposed to the minimum loss from chance thieves or bands of bandits, and such loss may be promptly made good from the general store. The ingenuity of this tribe is shown elsewhere by their method of preserving their supplies—a matter of capital im­ portance since the uncertainties and dan­ gers of desert travel may lpng delay the arrival of an expected caravan. The meat is dried as in other regions of Central Africa, but vegetables are con­ served after a method of their own in­ vention. Onions, beans, spinach and other native vegetables are dried and then compressed into a sort of hard, dry cake, so solid that neither air nor humid­ ity can penetrate it, thus insuring its "keeping." When needed for use these A MERCHANT OF THE DESERT cakes are broken into fragments and soaked in water till the vegetables as­ despoil the villagers of their wealth. The sume their original form. inhabitants of Fachi have adopted an .or­ When bands of robbers are espied, ganization which is strikingly original, threatening spoliation, or even capture and, Commandant Mowret believes, not and slavery, the entire populace takes ref­ to be found anywhere else in Black uge within the walls of the fort. The Africa. It effectually protects them from women and children and the aged oc­ disaster. cupy the court and the gallery, while Within the interior of the village they the able-bodied men man the walls and have built a vast rectangular enclosure towers to repel the invaders or lie shel­ flanked by a tower at each corner. This tered on the roof of the gallery. A rectangle is about 240 feet long by 150 siege can never be of long duration, feet wide. The walls are some 36 feet since scant provisions are left outside, high and 12 feet thick at the base. These and such as the enemy may have brought walls are built with stones brought from with him could hardly equal those with­ the rocky mountains which border the in the fort. oasis on the east, mixed with natron from the salt wells and even with blocks The habits of order and economy of salt, the whole cemented with clay. among these people and the necessity of Loop holes run along the walls and the carefully preserving property so hardly facades of the towers. In the interior acquired has developed not only their of the inclosure a covered gallery is built intelligence and power of initiative, but along the whole of the inner walls. In their sense of solidarity or commercial the center of the open court thus in­ welfare in a very high degree. closed is a well giving abundance of Beggars are quite unknown in the fresh water. community. Every inhabitant is part Within this court are rows of sun- proprietor of the public property, repre­ dried earthen vessels in the form of sented by the salt wells, the date palms huge jars provided with lids made of and the gardens. There is always food clay or ingeniously plaited straw. These for every one, more or less plentiful, to jars rest on bases of wood or clay, which be sure, as trade is good or bad. WOMEN'S CLUBS CARING FOR YOUNG WOMEN. By Mrs. W. A. HUNTON

In the spring of 1908 Miss Elizabeth Ross was called by the national board to be the first student secretary for work among colored women, and, after some special preparation, began her vigorous and remarkably successful labors the fol­ lowing fall. Whether at conferences at Silver Bay, on beautiful Lake George, or at work at headquarters in New York, or in college visiting, the magnetic personality of this young woman left its impress, and has proven of inestima­ ble value in these pioneer days of Asso­ ciation effort. She has demonstrated by her splendid powers the possibility of our college-trained girls serving their generation in a new and important move­ ment for the salvation of womanhood. Student conferences were held within two years at Talladega College, Claflin, Tougaloo and Fisk universities, and fifty- two student organizations, in as many educational . institutions, quickly sup­ planted the fourteen found in 1908. Those who were fortunate enough to at­ tend the Fisk Conference and to sit in MBS. ELIZABETH BOSS HAYNES the various sessions, hearing methods ex­ pounded and reports read by the en­ The Young Women's Christian Asso­ thusiastic student delegates, or who ciation is no longer an experiment, but could watch the sea of eager responsive has fully proven itself one of the keys to most satisfactory success in the at­ student faces as they sat under the spell tainment of all that is highest and best of those last hours .in the Meharry in the fourfold nature of womanhood. Auditorium, will never doubt the bene­ It is constantly demonstrating its won­ ficent influence of the Association move­ derful adaptability to meet the varying ment on the lives of the thousands of conditions and needs of each generation young women now in school. The mag­ of women. It is not strange, therefore, nificent possibilities of the Association that many of the intelligent colored are most naturally presented first of all women have been quick to discern the magnificent opportunity offered by this to the student world because it is from movement for the solution of their the output of our higher educational in­ problems. stitutions that we look for leadership in this great movement. From this rank Some four years ago, while the new we must choose the Association secre­ national board of Young Women's Chris­ tary, or, better stated, the executive—a tian Associations of the United States woman who knows and has great sym­ decided to extend its manifold super­ pathy for girls—who is able to compre­ vision to the work being done for colored young women, a representative was sent hend and meet the needs in the spiritual, to study that particular field. Among social, educational and economic condi­ other facts ascertained, it was noted that tions that surround her. Our largest in fourteen of our educational institu­ need at present is not more associations, tions, associations for young women had although that need at several centers is been organized, although hardly half that alarmingly pressing. We must first find number were doing any effective work. trained leaders. To that end three young Several city associations had likewise colored women, graduates respectively been launched, but only four were doing of Radcliffe, Hartshorn and Fisk, will anything appreciable along Association spend the summer months at the Na- lines. , . 122 THE CRISIS tional Training School, New York City, the women have paid more than two- preparing for future service in Associa­ thirds of the purchase price of their tion work. home, and have thoroughly established themselves in the confidence of the pub­ The city Association presents a field lic by their fine business acumen and of immense opportunity, as yet, scarcely high ideals. appreciated. The Norfolk Association, co-operating Four years ago we reported four Asso­ with the Travelers' Aid and Protective ciations; we must now mention five Association, is meeting a long-felt need others, with beginnings in several addi­ of that seaport town in giving its large tional cities, and calls for organization number of migratory young women re­ coming from still other cities. For want spectable and comfortable rooms, and of close supervision, intelligent volun­ it has a wonderful opportunity to pour teer service and money, the problem of something of moral and spiritual frag­ maintaining a city Association is a diffi­ rance into their lives. In one year 702 cult one; but the results already attained steamers and trains were met and 479 in New York, Brooklyn, Baltimore, girls assisted in various ways. So effect­ Washington, Norfolk and St. Paul prove, ive has been the work of this associa­ without doubt, the possibility and value tion that its very strong president, Mrs. of the movement. The New York Asso­ Laura E. Titus, who has been one of the ciation, providing rooms which are con­ foremost leaders in all reform and social stantly filled with girls and women from movements of her State, was invited to other cities, finding employment daily active membership in the white Associa­ for those who seek it, offering opportu­ tion of social workers of Norfolk and nities for classwork and emphasizing vicinity and was accorded every cour­ the value of practical Christianity in a tesy. This is surely a long step in ad­ girl's life, has already overtaxed its pres­ vance in the annals of Virginia. St. Paul, ent quarters, and is demanding a large although in the far northwest, has real­ and well-equipped building to do a ized the value of Association work, and greater work for the restless, surging is calling to the national board for a army of women of that great metropolis. trained secretary. In Brooklyn the home life and social atmosphere are the chief charms, and Miss Cecelia Holloway, a young col­ they are so strong that its building is lege woman of exceptional ability and constantly crowded, and one appeals strong personality, assumed the position often vainly for room and board. Girls of Student Secretary of the National from New England, Canada, Colorado, Board last fall, when Miss Ross became California, Missouri, Georgia, Florida Mrs. Haynes, and has been following the and the Carolinas have lived in this home lead of her predecessor with splendid and returned to their own distant homes results. full of praise for the Brooklyn Associa­ The city work, under the supervision tion. Last year 110 women found per­ of Mrs. Haynes and the writer, has manent positions through this Associa­ reached a psychological point in its de­ tion, while 544 were given day or tem­ velopment that will present in the near porary employment. future some very positive results in in­ creased volunteer service on the part of Baltimore owns its building and is our public-spirited women, in a more doing a work similar in its influence and enthusiastic response to the call of the results to New York, with much stress secretaryship by our best-educated young placed on the Christian life and useful­ women, and larger facilities in buildings ness of its members. In Washington and equipment.

AN EVENING IN THE NEW YORK ASSOCIATION THE BURDEN

COLORED MEN LYNCHED WITH­ the infamous convict lease system of OUT TRIAL. the State, for Florida retains, by the act of the Governor, this relic of barbarism. 1885. 78 1898 102 The Legislature, however, took some 1886. 71 1899 84 notice of the incident. A bill was intro­ 1887. 80 1900 107 duced in the Senate offering a reward 1888. 95 1901. 107 of $5,000 for the arrest of the members 1889. 95 1902. SO of the lynching party, and to this the 1890. 90 1903. 86 Senator from Columbia County proposed 1891. 121 1904. S3 an amendment making his county im­ 1892. 155 1905. 01 mune from the possible consequences 1893. 154 1906. 04 of the lynching of the Leon County pris­ 1894. 134 1907. 00 oners. 1895. 112 1908. 93 "During the debate there were several 1896. SO 1909. 73 humorous allusions to the fact that the 1897. 122 1910. 05 lynching party probably came from Georgia, the Georgia line being some Total 2,458 thirty miles distant from Lake City. The Jacksonville Times-Union had a mild The Outlook prints from "a Southern editorial deprecating the lynching, but Correspondent" an account of the recent the humor of the incident, the fact that lynching of six colored men in Florida. the lynching party came to the jail in The communication bears out informa­ automobiles, loomed larger in the edi­ tion received by the National Association torial mind than the tragedy itself. I and reported under the N. A. A. C. P. have been able to find only one Florida notes. After telling the story of the paper of importance, the Tampa Tribune, forged telegram the correspondent con­ which treats the affair as it would ordi­ tinues: narily be treated in civilized communities "The boy in charge of the jail at once anywhere in the world. It says, among opened the doors to these men, and the other things: 'The Tribune will have Negroes were told that the men had no excuses to offer, nor will any other come to save them from a mob by taking Florida paper, when Florida is taxed them to another jail. The Negroes were with this outrage by the Northern press.' bound with ropes and went gladly with The Tribune thinks that five of the men their captors, whom they hailed as their who were murdered were 'probably inno­ saviors. Shortly afterward the good cent.' Neverthless, the Tribune's fears people of Lake City were aroused by that Florida would be taxed with this long-continued firing of rifles and revol­ outrage by the Northern press seem vers, and a few hours later the Negroes to have been largely without justification. were found in a nearby swamp, dead, The lynching of Negroes, guilty or inno­ and their bodies mangled beyond recog­ cent, has become so common that the nition by bullets. The automobiles had news of it is not now always carried disappeared and have not been heard of by the press associations, and editorial since. comment has become a rarity. "Two days later Governor Gilchrist "Of course, if any one were in earnest was represented as being much disturbed about the matter, these lynchers could over the incident, when the wives and be detected. Automobiles on the sandy kindred of the six Negroes went to him roads of Floria leave their trails. A to learn the authentication of the rumors forged telegram would give a valuable they had heard. One of the papers com­ clue to a good detective. The sheriff's mented upon the 'tearless stolidity' of son gave a good description of the five these Negro women. The Governor de­ men. Does any one imagine that if manded a full report from the absentee Detective" Burns, for example, were put sheriff, and offered a reward of $250 for upon the trail of these cold-blooded each of the three men who had deceived murderers, he would not be able to find the sheriff's son. There was no notice them? It should be noted also that this of any reward offered for other members lynching was not for 'the usual crime.' of the lynching party. Indeed, it would be hard to say now "Governor Gilchrist seems not to have what is ,the usual crime for which Ne­ taken any further interest in the matter, groes are lynched. possibly being occupied with the endea­ "A few weeks ago a popular and be­ vor to find reasons for his veto of the loved officer of Emanuel County, Geor­ bill passed by the Legislature to abolish gia, was killed, and a Negro, presumably 124 THE CRISIS guilty, was hanged by a lynching party. men, 'five of them probably innocent,' The editor of the Swainsboro Forest is taken as a matter of course, without Blade referred to the lynching party as unfavorable comment by the press of a 'mob,' and for this he was gently taken the State in which the murder occurs; to task by one of his readers in the fol­ that in another State a citizen, able to lowing letter: 'Please allow me to say read and write, resents the use of the that I, for one, do not like to hear our word 'mob' as applying to 'the good good citizens who hang up a worthless citizens who hang up a worthless Negro,' Negro and riddle his hide with bullets and he regards murder by the mob as an for snooting down one of our worthy economy, since thereby the feeding and officers, without provocation, as did the sheltering of a prisoner are saved his black brute in Swainsboro on the night county. The name of the county is of the 12th instant, referred to as a 'Emanuel.' "mob." I understand the word "mob" "Is 'God with us' still, or has he turned to mean a disorderly crowd, riotous as­ his face away? Do we fear the Lord no semblage, etc., and the paper stated that longer, nor dread to bear the mark of the "mob" dispersed quietly as they had Cain? Is it not time that organs of gathered—a little strange procedure for civilization in America were beginning a "mob," don't you think? The word again to take notice of this national sin "mob" has a bad sound to me, and I of lawless murder? Certainly it cannot am sure, had I been with those who be said that the mob takes the law into saved the expense of feeding and shel­ its own hands in these cases for fear tering that black fiend by the county, that justice will be denied by the courts. I would not have enjoyed being termed I do not claim that the Negro does not a part of a "mob." ' get justice generally, but he is certainly "To which the editor rejoins: 'It is not likely to escape the just penalty of true, the crowd did not make any great the law when he has murdered a white demonstration, and it was as orderly as man and the administration of the law could be expected under the circum­ is in the hands of white men. In view of stances.' these two of the many recent instances "To this we have come, then, in the of mob murder, I have felt that some South—that the murdering of six black voice should be raised in protest."

WHAT TO READ

BOOKS. terms the present status of the science of eugenics. Chailley, Joseph—"Administrative Prob­ lems of British India." Macmillan. Ovington, Mary White—"Half a Man: The book gives a complete survey, The Status of the Negro in New York." though summary in part, of religious, Longmans. social, economic and political condi­ In the "Foreword" of "Half a Man," tions in India, including, also, such Dr. Franz Boas of Columbia University topics as caste, codes of law and edu­ says, "Miss Ovington's description of cation. the .status of the Negro in New York Gerderner, G. B. A.—"Studies in the City is based on a most painstaking Evangelization of South Africa." inquiry into his social and economic Longmans. conditions, and brings out in the most Grubb, W. Barbrooke—"Unknown Peo­ forceful way the difficulties under ple in an Unknown Land." Lippincott. which the race is laboring, even in the An account of a tribe of Indians in large cosmopolitan population of New South America. York. It is a refutation of the claims Johnston, Sir Harry—"Britain Across that the Negro has equal opportunity the Seas—Africa: A History and De­ with the whites, and that his failure scription of the British Empire in to advance more rapidly than he has Africa." London: National Society's is due to innate inability." Depository. Wilkinson, William Cleaver—-"Daniel Kellicott, William Erskine—"Social Di­ Webster: A Vindication." Funk. rection of Human Evolution." Apple- Prof. Wilkinson of the University ton. of Chicago in his initial essay shows An essay based upon three lectures that Daniel Webster is to be praised, delivered at Oberlin College in 1910 not blamed, for his seventh of March whose aim is to state briefly and sug­ speech, and for his support of the gestively in simple, matter-of-fact Fugitive Slave Law. WHAT TO READ 125

PERIODICALS. achievements of the race in other parts of the globe that such people content Ashley, Clifford W.—"A Corner in Four- themselves with repeating words of prej­ Posters." Scribner's, June. udiced origin, which have long since lost Beymer, William Gilmore—"Miss Van significance, and with seeing in the Lew." Harper's, June. Negro only a beast or a half-man." Miss Van Lew, a Richmond woman, Concerning the political and social or­ was a spy for the Federal government. ganization of the Negro peoples of General Grant wrote to her, "You have Africa the author writes as follows: sent me the most valuable information "The comparison of Negro Africa with received from Richmond during the contemporary Medieval Europe is most war." interesting and convincing here. The Brooks, R. P.—"A Local Study of the sociological and political phenomena in Race Problem: Race Relations in the both regions of the globe at that time Eastern Piedmont Region of Georgia." are strikingly similar. Parallels for the Political Science Quarterly, June. feudal system, the rise and development Bruere, Robert W.—"Hospital Social of the judiciary, the evolution of inter­ Service." Harper's, June. national law, the role of the market and Jones. Samuel B.—"The British West the fair, and many other things could Indian Negro: Reconstruction." as well be studied in the one as in the Southern Workman, June. other. The rise of innumerable small King, General Charles—"The Volunteer States and their ultimate consolidation Soldier of 1861." Review of Reviews, into large kingdoms and extensive em­ June. pires are equally characteristic of both. Ritzman, M. E.—"Woman's Life in Negro Africa, too, at this period, and Africa." The Missionary Review, since then also, has in like manner pro­ June. duced kings and political organizers, who Sledd, Andrew—"The Dismissal of Prof. have been men of genius possessing Banks." Independent, May 25. great personalities, and ranking in char­ Speers, M. W. F.—"Negro Songs and acter and ability with the princes and Folk-Lore." The Journal of American sovereigns of Europe at the time. Men Folk-Lore, Oct.-Dec, 1910. like King Askia of Songhai and Bello, Stowe, Charles Edward—"Harriet Beech­ the Sultan of Katsena, who has been er Stowe: Friend of the South." Out­ called 'the Napoleon of the Sudan,' de­ look, June 10. serve rank among the great figures of Thomas, David Y.—"Southern Non- the world's history." Slaveholders in the Election of 1860." In regard to the art of the Negroes Political Science Quarterly, June. in Africa the writer says: Tourtellot, Ida A.—"The Conference for "Far from possessing no art, the Education in the South." Southern African Negroes have created some of Workman, June. the most beautiful art objects to be found Washington, Booker T.—"How Denmark in any museum in the wide world. Dr. Has Taught Itself Prosperity and Hap­ Frobenius, in his study of African civ­ piness." World's Work, June. ilizations, says: 'The real African need Washington, Booker T.—"Life and Labor by no means resort to the rags and tat­ on the Continent." Outlook, May 13. ters of bygone European splendor. ' He Washington, Booker T.—"Races and has precious ornaments of his own, of Politics." Outlook, June 3. ivory and feathers, fine plaited willow- ware, weapons of superior workmanship.' "The ars artium, however, of Negro "The Contribution of the Negro to Human Civilization." Alexander FranciB Chamberlain, Africa is the use of iron. The question Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Clark Uni­ of the origin of the art of iron-smelting versity, Worcester. Mass. The Journal of Race is now being treated in detail by eth­ Development. April. nologists, and, while general agreement We give below a few of Prof. Cham­ has not been reached, the mass of evi­ berlain's illuminating statements in the dence so far disclosed has convinced Journal of Race Development, and we eminent men of science that the smelting recommend the article in which they ap­ of iron was first discovered by the pear to the readers of THE CRISIS. African Negroes, from whom, by way of "Only individuals immune to the teach­ Egypt and Asia Minor, this art made its ings of evolution could imagine that a way into Europe and the rest of the Old race, millenniums old, and numbering to­ World." day, after centuries of more or less brutal contact with the whites, more than 150,- 000,000, could have existed or could con­ Sir Harry Johnston, writing in Na­ tinue to exist, without in the slightest in­ ture (London) for March, says that the fluencing the currents of human thought pygmies of Africa, if taken from the for­ and action. It is with eyes blind to the est and subjected to other conditions of results of the most recent investigations living, will after two or three genera-, of the origin and the development of tions develop a stature much nearer that Negro culture in Africa, and to the of the average man. 126 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER WHERETO STOP

tj Our readers are urged to use these columns in outlining their vacation and travel plans. These hotels and stopping places are modern in every sense, and the traveling public is assured comfort and efficient service.

tj For detailed information concerning resorts and hotels write

The Travel Editor oi The Crisis, 20 Vesey St., New York

NEW YORK CITY

MARSHALL'S HOTEL 127-129 West 53d Street

NEW YOEK CITY COMFORT—Large, airy rooms, offering genuine home comforts plus the conveniences and privileges of a modern hotel. SERVICE—In the hotel and dining room the "Marshall" service is an excep­ tional feature, which assures comfort and pleasure for our patrons. Restaurant open all night. Cuisine to satisfy the most discriminating VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC EVERY EVENING" Breakfast, 7:30 to 12:30, 30c. Luncheon, 12:30 to 3. 30c. Dinner. 6 to 8, 35c. Special Course Dinner Every Sunday and Holidays, 50c. Telephones 4693 - 4694 Columbus J- L. MARSHALL, Proprietor

THE CLIFF HOUSE ''A quiet place for quiet people to dine'' 253 WEST 134TH STREET "THE BRADFORD" 73 WEST 134TH STREET NEWLY OPENED Between .Fifth and Lenox Avenues NEW YORK Special summer rates to permanent or tran­ Oysters, Chops, Steaks, Rarebits, Salads, Club sient guests. Special attention to out-of-town Sandwiches, Etc. Regular Dinner, 25c, from tourists. Up-to-date private house in every 2 p. m. to 9 p. m. Meals Served at All Hours. respect. Telephone connection. Private Dining Room. Furnished Rooms To Let. Permanent or Transient. MRS. W. E. PERKINS, Prop. JOHN E. BRADFORD, Proprietor Telephone 4121 Harlem THE ALLEN HOUSE "THE IDLE HOUR" 62 WEST 132D STREET Mrs. P. Brown SELECT, NEATLY FURNISHED ROOMS HANDSOME FURNISHED ROOMS All Improvements With All Improvements Wash-rooms, hot and cold water in every room Permanent and Transient Guests Accommodated FOR RENT BY DAY OR WEEK MEALS SERVED AT ALL HOURS Prices Moderate 77 WEST 134TH STREET NEW YORK MRS. M. A. ANDERSON JOHNSON Telephone 3593-L Harlem THE ROSALINE HOTEL PRESS Formerly The Walker House 128 WEST 29TH STREET NEW YORK First-class Rooms by Day or Week Buffet Caf6 and Restaurant Connected FURNISHED ROOMS Large Parlors To Let for Receptions BY DAY OR WEEK

19-21 WEST 135TH STREET NEW YORK EDWARD D. SMALL, Proprietor J. H. PRESS, Manager

Telephone 5395 Chelsea THE TEN EYCK HOUSE FURNISHED ROOMS 232 WEST 20TH STREET BY DAY, WEEK OR MONTH Between 7th and 8th Avenues NEW YORK Convenient to the Pennsylvania Neatly Furnished Rooms for Permanent Depot and All Car Lines or. Transient Guests by Day or Week 245 WEST 20TH STREET NEW YORK MRS. THOMAS L. TEN EYCK, Proprietress MRS. L. D. LAWS, Proprietress

Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 127

WHERE TO STOP—(Continued) HARLEM PRIVATE HOUSE PHILADELPHIA, PA. Furnished rooms to let for gentlemen only. Hot and cold water in everv room. MRS. BERRY L. HICKS, Proprietress Telephone Strictly First-class 258 WEST 133D STREET NEW YORK Four doors from Eighth Avenue THE NEW DELMONICO HOTEL Telephone 3939-W Harlem 16th and Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. MRS. ALFRED HARPER FURNISHED ROOMS STRICTLY PRIVATE AND HOME COMPORTS BY THE WEEK OR MONTH 15 WEST 132D STREET NEW YORK Ten large bedrooms, with electric light, steam heat and baths. THE SOUTHERN RESTAURANT Cafe on second floor. Best meals only. 2229 FIFTH AVENUE This hotel is newly furnished and up to date in every particular. We solicit your trade. Between 135th and 136th Streets NEW YORK Permanent and transient rooms; they are the We are prepared to give first-class service at best. Try one of our meals. a very reasonable rate. Real home cooking. Come and be convinced. Our motto is to please (Ring bell after 12 m.) you. Meals at all hours. MRS. J. M. RIDDICK, Proprietress L. B. SMITH, Prop. A. R. SMITH, Mgr. THE VIRGINIA HOUSE ILLINOIS MRS. MARY E. HILL, Proprietress NEATLY FURNISHED ROOMS J. N. Washington Mrs. J. N. Washington ' Good Old Southern Cooking Proprietor Manager "Just Like Home" 37 WEST 133D STREET NEW YORK iSjntel Uaaljmgtnn 3252 WABASH AVENUE IS YOUR HOTEL LISTED CHICAGO IN THIS DIRECTORY ? IF First-class Service for First-class People Rates: 75c, $1.00 and $2.00 Per Day NOT, WRITE US FOR RATES. Telephone Aldlne 516 'Phone 2877 Lenox OHIO

Slljtl* fi0B? forking (girls' iSfomr Home 'Phone B-3244 American—European 217 EAST 86TH STREET Bet. Second and Third Avenues HOTEL PLEASANT Pleasant temporary lodgingB for working girls, P. H. WOOD with privileges, at reasonable rates. The Home NEW WITH MODERN EQUIPMENT solicit! orders for working dresses, aprons, etc. Address: 9-11 ERIE STREET MRS FRANCES R. KEYSER, Supt. TOLEDO, OHIO

NEW JERSEY HOTEL DALE CAPE MAY, NEW JERSEY

This magnificent four-story structure, with One of the unique features of the hotel is the every modern convenience, has just been com­ beautiful grill room. The management has en­ pleted at a cost of $50,000. gaged the full Abyssinian Orchestra to render It is, without exception, the finest and most afternoon and evening concerts in the room complete hostelry in the United StateB for the daily during the entire season. accommodation of our race. The open-air amusements available to the It is located on the highest elevation in the guests are numerous. The lawn of the hotel heart of the residence portion of cool Cape contains both croquet and tennis courts. May. The sea bathing at Cape May is unsurpassed The view from the hotel is magnificent; on on the Atlantic Ocean. It is remarkable for its the front, overlooking the celebrated golf links, fine surf and is perfectly safe at all times for the vista stretcheB away to take in the beauti­ women and children. The hotel has its own ful driveways and farms of the inland section private bath houses. of the Cape. The rear commands an extensive The sailing and fishing in the harbor and view of the harbor and sea.. The invigorating adjacent sounds'are always attractive and boats ocean breezes reach every section of the hotel. may be had at all times. The interior of this hotel may be described as The hotel is under the personal management the acme of luxury, comfort and elegance. of the owner, E. W. Dale, one of the most The Hotel Dale contains one hundred light, progressive and successful business men of our airy and luxuriously furnished rooms with every race. His experience as a hotel man has en­ modern convenience. Electric lights throughout abled him to use his very thorough knowledge the entire house. Suites with bath and long of details in bringing the equipment of his distance telephone connections. hotel to perfection. The elegantly furnished dining room is oper­ This hotel is eaBy of access from the stations ated under both European and American plans. of either the Pennsylvania or the Reading The cuisine will contain all the delicacies of Railroad. the season, prepared by a master of the culinary Literature and additional information will art. Sea foods a specialty. be mailed upon request.

E . AkV . DALE, Owner and Proprietor

Mention THE CRISIS. 128 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES MUSIC

MISS I. L. MOORMAN'S SONGS EMPLOYMENT AGENCY There is money to be made in songwriting Reliable help at all times for the most dis­ If you write poems or compose music, send criminating employers. us your work for examination. If terms are References thoroughly investigated. satisfactory, we will publish and pay one-half profits. 463 LENOX AVENUE GOTHAM-ATTUCKS MUSIC CO. NEW YORK 136 WEST 37TH STREET NEW YORK

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CRISIS PRINTS Address: FRANK M. TURNER Reproduced on heavy paper, suitable for framing Circulation Manager 50 CENTS EACH Suite 31 1 Cover illustration, April number, 7x9 inches, ' 'Girl Reading.'' 20 VESEY STREET, NEW YORK Cover illustration, May number, 7x9 inches, ' 'Bishop Holly.'' SCHOOLS Two-page photograph, May number, 10x13 inches, ' 'Eighth Illinois Regiment.'' YOUNG MAN, HAVE YOU A TRADE? Cover illustration, June number, 7x9 inches, By our method we teach the Barber Trade in ' 'One of the Little Ones.1' six weeks. We give you a complete set of tools and Address Art Editor of THE CRISIS secure you a position in a shop. Call or write for particulars. Room 311 NEW YORK BARBER SCHOOL 20 VESEY STREET Costello & Wise NEW YORK Cor. Bowery and Rlvlngton St. NEW YORK

Mention T HE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 129

ADVERTISING NOWADAYS PAYS YOU

AM agent for all colored newspapers. AM agent along all lines of advertising. GET up programs for all kinds of entertainments. FURNISH the advertising for 25 per cent. WRITE and place your business where all can see. KNOW all the new features of advertising.

LET ME HANDLE YOUR ADVERTISING The James E. Holt Advertising Agency 42 WEST I32D STREET, NEW YORK

O. M. Waller, M.D., Pres. A. M. Thompson, Treas. B. 0. Waller, M.D., Sec. Sphinx Silver Polish

The unsurpassed renovator of silver and plated ware. No acids; no scratching; abso­ lutely harmless. Adopted in the largest hotels. Best for family use. Endorsed by silver­ smiths. Sells readily to the trade. Doubles your income. Agents wanted in every city and town. Fifty per cent, commission. Write to-day.

Manufactured by Sphinx Labor-Saving Soap Co., Inc. Oliice and Factory: 117 West Street, New York City

Telephone 3253 Harlem CARPET CLEANING

CLEANERS AND RENOVATERS FOR PARTICULAR PEOPLE NEW YORK CAREFUL CLEANING BUREAU 12 WEST 135TH STREET We make a specialty of cleaning and renovating carpets, rugs, portieres and upholstered furniture, we also vacuum clean in the home. We are not the largest carpet cleaner in the world, but absolutely the most careful in every detail. SHAMPOOING CAEPETS AND RUGS OUR SPECIALTY

LEGAL DIRECTORY

J. DOUGLAS WETMORE Real Estate and Probate Matters a Specialty ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-I^AW ROBERT B. BARCUS 5 Beekman Street (Temple Court) ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW New York City NOTARY PUBLIC , Tel. 6222 Cortlandt Cable Address, Judowet Office: Room 502, Eberly Block Columbus, O.

FREDERICK L. McGHEE B. S. SMITH

ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW. Union Block, Fourth and Cedar Streets Offices: Suite 610, Sykes Block St. Paul, Minn. Minneapolis, Minn,

General Practice Notary Public. GEORGE W. MITCHELL WILLIAM R. MORRIS ATTORNEY-AT-LAW ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW 1020 Metropolitan Life Building 908 Wafnut Street Minneapolis, Minn. Philadelphia, Pa.

Mention THE CRISIS. 130 THE CRISIS A D VER TISER

Bom. 2220 Cen. 6322

SEND US 50 CENTS for a beautiful 1%-inch messaline silk shirred elastic belt, with a fine Van Noy Printing Go. gilt or gray pearl trimmed buckle. All colors. State size. Buckle alone 25c If not satisfac­ tory, money refunded. Send for free catalogue. 100 Linen Finish Cards by Mail, 50c. PERFECTION NOVELTY CO. 102-106 WOOSTER STREET NEW YORK COMMERCIAL PRINTING £3T A CRISIS representative has visited the fac­ SOCIETY PRINTING tory of the Perfection Novelty Co., and was favorably impressed with the numerous bargains. BOOK AND JOB PRINTING

Seventeen Years' Experience 2315 MARKET ST. ST. LOUIS, MO. WORK TURNED OUT PROMPTLY MRS. G. B. NEEDLES Late with Broadway houses CORNS, CALLOUSES, BUNIONS, CHIL­ PRACTICAL FURRIER BLAINS positively removed by using Dr. All kinds of furs remodelled, repaired and re- Moore's wonderful discovery or your money lined. White furs cleaned, equal to new. Coats guaranteed to fit. Prices reasonable. refunded. Write to-day, explaining your trou­ 24 WEST 135TH STREET NEW YORK bles, with stamped envelope, your name and address. 1 DR. E. L. MOORE C141 MONTCALM STREET, E. DETROIT, MICH.

The Rock City Sanitarium

Corner Foster and Stewart Streets, NASHVILLE, TENN.

No. 4 Special Buggy A quiet health home for invalids and sufferers from chronic ailments. Located on an elevation, surrounded by spacious, $65.00 shady lawns. A value unequaled. Sold on Fully equipped for the successful $1.00 Profit Margin. Write treatment of diseases of the stomach, for prices and other styles. Send for catalog. liver, kidneys, blood and nerves, by other methods than drugs. C. R. Patterson & Sons The famous Battle Creek Methods—• GREENFIELD, OHIO water, in the form of baths of all kinds, Largest Negro carriage concern in the United States sprays, douches, packs, etc., electricity, massage, Swedish movements, dieting, etc., are used under the direction of a physician of fifteen years' experience in To Colored People these procedures and a graduate of the FOR SALE—We have houses from $1,000 to Battle Creek Sanitarium. Surgical and $10,000. Our city is the capital of Ohio and a great manufacturing center—a good place to obstetrical cases received in special locate, plenty of work, a good place to locate wards. Lady physician gives especial for business. Can sell you a house for $50, $100 to $500 down, balance like rent. For attention to diseases of women and chil­ speculating houses or business places, $1,000 to $5,000 down, balance on long-time payments. dren. Rates, $10 per week and upwards. Any of these are in good locations. Write for For further information address further information. THIS IS A COLORED ENTERPRISE THE ROCK CITY SANITARIUM Nashville, Tenn. Telephone Walnut 87 EDWARD A. SHANKLIN VISITORS ALWAYS WELCOME Real Estate

1 1218 2 Mt. Vernon Aye., Columbus, O. Mention THE CRISIS Give the Child a Doll The Most Beautiful of All the Toys on the Market Are the NEGRO DOLLS

DOLLS FOR THE SEASON 1911-1912 NOW READY

Prices from 50c. up to $8.50

For Illustrated Booklets, Prices and Other Information, Send Five Cents to the National Negro Doll Company 519 Second Avenue N., Nashville, Tenn.

R. H. BOYD, President H. A. BOYD, Manager

Brown-Spencer Correspondence School of Shorthand

THE LORD'S PRAYER.

— ^ c i- ~A r «sx -) (o *v= and the one so skilled in great demand. You pay ^ L. . r -r ~i as you learn. Terms rea­ sonable. Write for par­ ticulars.

The Best, the Easiest, and Most Reliable

Brown - Spencer Correspondence School of Shorthand 2145 Missouri Avenue East St. Louis, 111.

Mention THE CRISIS. A limited number of free beds maintained for the worthy poor. Other ward patients maintained at $7.00 per week.

Private rooms can be secured from $12.00 to $30.00 per week. The training school for nurses maintains a two years' course. A high school cer­ tificate, or an edu­ cation sufficient to be considered an equivalent, necessary for admission. Five thousand dol­ lars endows a free bed.

Andrew F. Stevens, President.

Nathan F. Mossell. M.D., Medical Director and Superintendent.

Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School, Philadelphia, Pa.

HALF A MAN" The Status of the Negro in New York

By MARY WHITE OVINGTON With a Foreword by Dr. Franz Boas, of Columbia University

"My father has always lived in the Miss Ovington's description of the status South," a young colored man once said to of the Negro in New York City is based on me, "and has attained success there; but a most painstaking inquiry into his social when I ceased to be a boy he advised me and economic conditions, and brings out in to live in the North, where my manhood the most forceful way the difficulties under would be respected. He himself cannot which the race is laboring, even in the large continually endure his position of inferior­ cosmopolitan population of New York. It ity, and in the summer he comes North to is a refutation of the claims that the Negro be a man. No," correcting himself, "to has equal opportunity with the whites, and be HALF A MAN. A Negro is wholly a that his failure to advance more rapidly man only in Europe."—From the Author's than he has, is due to innate inability.— "Introduction.' From Dr. Boas' "Foreword."

12mo, cloth. Price $1.00 net. By mail, $1.12. LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., Publishers, NEW YORK

The above book may be purchased through any bookseller or will be mailed by THE CRISIS on receipt of the price and postage.

Mention THE CRISIS.