Action Plan for River

Priority III

Environment & Forest Department Government of

ACTION PLAN FOR DIGBOI RIVER-PRIORITY III

1. Basic information about the Stretch The Digboi River is a small river which is a sub-tributary of the Burhidihing River and criss-crosses the Dihing Reserve 30 Forest (West Block). The river has its origin at upper Dihing Reserve Forest near Golf Course and flows towards the Tipling river. The river after flowing through the Tipling river, finally turns towards Buridihing and then confluence with the river. It has its entrance point to the Digboi town at Ram Nagar Bridge, Digboi. The catchment of the river extends to a number of villages, Lakhipathar Reserve Forest, Oil collecting stations and paddy fields. The river flows for about 32 km from here to its confluence point, Bamuni Gaon, Ushapur and falls in the river Burhidihing, which is the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra. It is a perennial river and carries water throughout the year. The bank of the river Digboi is composed of alluvial soil. The alluvial deposits are characterized by its coarse nature, reddish colour and sandy clay.

1 .1. Polluted river stretch/length The length of the polluted stretch of Digboi River is 7.6 km with an area of 11.7 sq.km. (Fig 1). The stretch identified as polluted is from IOCL Oil town to Lakhipathar Reserve Forest

Fig 1: Map showing the polluted river stretch of Digboi river

2. Background: In compliance of the direction of Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench, New in the matter of news published in ‘The Hindu’ authored by Jacob Koshy, Tiltled ‘More river stretches are now critically polluted CPCB’, constituted River Rejuvenation Committee (RRC) vide memorandum673/2018 dated 19/12/2018 for effective abatement of pollution, rejuvenation, protection and management of the identified polluted stretches, for bringing the polluted river stretches to be fit at least for bathing purposes within six months

3. Basis of Action Plan for Digboi polluted river stretch The action plan for rejuvenation, protection and management of the identified polluted river stretch of Assam has been prepared based on the following  As per direction of Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench, New Delhi in the matter of news published in ‘The Hindu’

authored by Jacob Koshy, Titled ‘More river stretches are now critically polluted CPCB’  Comprehensive report on Prevention and Control of Pollution in River Hindon: An Action Plan for Rejuvenation’ [Submitted in compliance to Hon’ble National Green Tribunal]

4. Components of Action Plan (a) Industrial Pollution Control  Inventorisation of industries  Categories of industry and effluent quality  Treatment of effluents, compliance with standards and mode of disposal of effluents  Regulatory regime.

(b) Identification, Channelization, Treatment and Utilization of Treated Domestic Sewage  Identification of towns in the catchment of river  Town-wise Estimation of quantity of sewage generated and existing sewage treatment capacities to arrive at the gap between the sewage generation and treatment capacities;  Identification of towns for installing sewerage system and sewage treatment plants.  Storm water drains now carrying sewage and sullage joining river and interception and diversion of sewage to STPs,  Treatment and disposal of septage and controlling open defecation.

(c) River catchment/Basin Management-Controlled ground water extraction and periodic quality assessment  Periodic assessment of groundwater resources and regulation of ground water extraction by industries particularly in over exploited and critical zones/blocks.  Ground water re-charging /rain water harvesting  Periodic ground water quality assessment and remedial actions in case of contaminated groundwater tube wells/bore wells or hand pumps.  Assessment of the need for regulating use of ground water for irrigation purposes.

(d) Flood Plain Zone  Regulating activities in flood plain zone.  Management of Municipal, Plastic, Hazardous, Bio-medical and Electrical and Electronic wastes.  Greenery development- Plantation plan.

(e) Ecological/Environmental Flow (E-Flow)

 Issues relating to E-Flow  Irrigation practices

(d) Such other issues which may be found relevant for restoring water quality to the prescribed standards. 5. Action Plan as per direction of Hon’ble NGT The components to be discussed in the action plan for rejuvenation, protection and management of identified polluted stretch of Digboi river are as follows 5.1. Industrial Pollution Control Classified industrial units in the form of Health care Units, Hotels, Tea estates etc. are observed with infrastructural facilities (ETPs, STPs) in the periphery of the polluted river stretch of Digboi river along with few small scale industrial establishments which is presented at Table I There are four (04) numbers of Red Category industrial units located near the Digboi river. However, the Red Category units are presently adopting Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) process. Moreover, it is also observed that none of the small scale units discharge their effluent directly into the river stretch as they have captive ETP for treatment of their effluent. Further directions were issued by the PCBA to all the industrial units which has failed to comply with the discharged norms. Moreover, the Board has also issued direction to build their own set up in their premises which do not have STP/ETP

Table I: Industry details as per the following of Digboi polluted stretch

Sl. Name of the Industry Category Total Water Waste Without ETPs CETPs OCEMS Gaps Proposed No Consumption (KLD) Water consent/Dir CETP /waste ections Generation issued Functional Non- (KLD) Functional Ground Supply Water/ Water Surface water 1 , IOCL, 14232 8790.8 Consent Functional - Nil AOD, Digboi, Granted 2 AOD Hospital, Digboi, 6 4 Consent Functional - Nil Tinsukia Applied Nil Nil Nil

Total 14238 8794.8 - - Nil

Following are the suggestions for control of industrial pollution control  The industry that will extract groundwater for manufacturing process should not operate unless they possess valid permission for groundwater extraction from Central Ground Water Authority.  No industries should discharge their effluent directly into drains without treatment, rather they should reuse their treated effluent/sewage.  Direction to be issued to the units which are not complying to the effluent discharge norms as per Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, by PCBA for ensuring compliance to the discharge norms.

6. Identification, Channelisation, Treatment and Utilization of Treated Domestic Sewage 6.1. Major towns located on the bank Digboi town and Digboi Oil Town are the major localities situated on the bank of the Digboi river. The approximate total population of the Digboi town and Digboi Oil Town is 34,462 as per Census 2011 with 7508 numbers of households. Further Digboi town has eight (08) numbers of wards with major localities being Netaji Nagar, Ananda Para, Mission Para, Jyoti Nagar etc. Moreover, two (02) numbers of villages namely Borbil No.2 and Borbil No.3 are also situated along the polluted river stretch with total population of approximately 7080 and 1571 numbers of households. These villages are medium sized and settled in scattered plan.

6.2. Town wise estimation of quantity of sewage generated and existing sewage treatment capacities

The major localities responsible for contribution of sewage in the Digboi river are Digboi town and Digboi Oil town. The total sewage generated by the identified four numbers of Localities are 4714.8KLD 6.3. Identification of towns for installing sewerage system and sewage treatment plants. As per the survey done one (01) STP has been proposed at Digboi town in consultation with the District Administration

Table II: Sewage generation and gaps in treatment

S.N Area Population Water Sewage No. of Existing Total as per Consumption Generation STPs Treatment Gaps 2011 (KLD) (KLD) Proposed capacity in census @135lpcd (KLD) KLD

1 Digboi Town 21736.0 2934.4 2347.5 Committee 2347.5

2 Digboi Oil 01 Nil 12726 1718.0 1374.4 1374.4 town 3 Borbil No. 2 3903 527.7 422.2 422.2 4 Borbil No. 3 3177 428.9 343.1 343.1 Total 41542 4714.8 4714.8

Table III: Total gap in projected population and sewage generation till 2035

S. Area Population Water Sewage No. of Existing Total N as per 2011 Consumption Generation STPs Treatment Gaps census (KLD) (KLD) Proposed capacity in @135lpcd (KLD) KLD

1 Digboi Town 26736 3609.4 2887.5 2887.5 Committee 2 Digboi Oil town 13726 1853.01 1482.4 1482.4 01 Nil 3 Borbil No. 2 4412 595.7 476.6 476.6 4 Borbil No. 3 3627 489.7 391.8 391.8 Total 48501 6547.81 5238.3 5238.3

At present the Digboi catchment area is over populated. There is no any land availability for future human settlement and expansion within the periphery of the catchment area. 6.4. Water Quality of the river stretch There is one (01) sampling location of Digboi river at under NWMP

Table IV: Monitoring Location Details

Sampling Location Coordinates Digboi river at Lakhipathar Reserve Forest 26°9'57.28" N 92°21'13.83" E

The change in the water quality of Digboi river in terms of BOD value for the period of January, 2016 - March, 2020 is presented below in Table V Table V: BOD value in mg/l of Digboi river from the year January, 2016-March 2020

BOD BOD BOD BOD Year BOD Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value Value (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Jan-16 1.2 Jan-17 4.8 Jan-18 3.3 Jan-19 5.2 Jan-20 2.6 Feb-16 14.0 Feb-17 6.6 Feb-18 6.4 Feb-19 3.2 Feb-20 2.4 Mar-16 4.0 Mar-17 4.2 Mar-18 4.0 Mar-19 2.9 Mar-20 2.8 Apr-16 4.7 Apr-17 4.4 Apr-18 15.0 Apr-19 2.8 May-16 2.2 May-17 2.8 May-18 4.2 May-19 2.1 Jun-16 6.0 Jun-17 2.1 Jun-18 5.4 Jun-19 3.8 Jul-16 4.0 Jul-17 2.6 Jul-18 5.0 Jul-19 2.8 Aug-16 3.2 Aug-17 3.9 Aug-18 6.2 Aug-19 2.6 Sep-16 3.4 Sep-17 6.5 Sep-18 2.1 Sep-19 2.5 Oct-16 1.4 Oct-17 3.4 Oct-18 2.3 Oct-19 2.4 Nov-16 6.9 Nov-17 6.4 Nov-18 4.2 Nov-19 2.5 Dec-16 5.6 Dec-17 3.2 Dec-18 4.0 Dec-19 2.4

The detail analytical data of the Digboi river for the month of March 2020 are presented in Table VI

Table VI: Latest analysis report of Digboi river- March 2020

Parameter Value D.O. (mg/L) 5.1 pH 7.5 Cond(µS/cm) 291 BOD(mg/L) 2.8 COD(mg/L) 12.5

NO3 -N (mg/L) 1.4 TSS (mg/L) 50 Turbidity (NTU) 06 p-Alkalinity (mg/L) Nil m-Alkalinity (mg/L) 70 Hardness (mg/L) 82

Calcium as CaCO3(mg/L) 60 Magnesium as CaCO3 (mg/L) 22 Chloride as Cl- (mg/L) 10 -2 Sulphate as SO4 (mg/L) 22.5

Phosphate as PO4 (mg/L) 0.14

Parameter Value TKN (mg/L) 0.90

NH4-N (mg/L) 0.27 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 168 TFS (mg/L) 54 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.24 Boron (mg/l) 0.011 Na (mg/L) 15.1 K (mg/L) 4.0 Total Iron (mg/L) 0.21 Lead (mg/L) 0.005 Zinc (mg/L) 0.046 Copper (mg/L) 0.003 Total Chromium (mg/L) BDL Nickel (mg/L) BDL Cadmium (mg/L) BDL Mercury (mg/L) BDL Arsenic(mg/L) BDL Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 1500 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 720

The above data indicated that the BOD load has failed to meet the standard criteria in most of the occasions. The BOD value which indicates organic load generally increases due to the waste generated from the activity of the residents in the form of domestic household waste through different drains and channels. The river receives untreated sewage through two major drains coming from the Digboi township. Hence this consistent exceedance of pollution load may be due to the discharge of organic waste originating from domestic household waste through the drains to the river as the town does not have any treatment facility for the sewage.

6.5. Drains contributing to pollution The river receives storm water along with municipal sewage by two drains coming from Digboi Township at Borbil no.3 at a distance of 1 km from Ram Nagar Bridge, Digboi. However, few drains of natural origin also exist that aid in evacuating the sewages originating from households, commercial establishments, institutes, industries etc.

6.6. Characteristics of the major drains The drains mainly carries industrial as well as residential wastes. Direct dumping of residential and commercial garbage into the channel is making it shallower and heavily silted as the drains of the town are also becoming a regular garbage-dumping site. Moreover, these drains are not planned properly to carry even the regular water.

Table VII: Analysis report of the major drains contributing to pollution in the Digboi river Parameter Drain 1 (Borbil No. 3) Drain 2 (Borbil No.3) D.O. (mg/L) Nil Nil pH 6.8 7.1 Cond(µS/cm) 364 326 BOD(mg/L) 18.9 19.2 COD(mg/L) 49.6 51.2

NO3 -N (mg/L) 2.6 3.0 TSS (mg/L) 58 66 Turbidity (NTU) 08 08 p-Alkalinity (mg/L) Nil Nil m-Alkalinity (mg/L) 128 142 Hardness (mg/L) 132 108

Calcium as CaCO3(mg/L) 88 76

Magnesium as CaCO3 (mg/L) 44 32 Chloride as Cl- (mg/L) 18 16 -2 Sulphate as SO4 (mg/L) 32.4 28.9

Phosphate as PO4 (mg/L) 0.68 0.79 TKN (mg/L) 11.8 12.3

NH4-N (mg/L) 3.8 3.5 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 234 208 TFS (mg/L) 58 52 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.46 0.42 Boron (mg/l) 0.028 0.031 Na (mg/L) 24.6 28.5 K (mg/L) 8.9 7.6 Total Iron (mg/L) 0.44 0.41 Lead (mg/L) 0.007 0.008 Zinc (mg/L) 0.057 0.052 Copper (mg/L) 0.004 0.003 Total Chromium (mg/L) BDL BDL Nickel (mg/L) BDL BDL Cadmium (mg/L) BDL BDL Mercury (mg/L) BDL BDL Arsenic(µg/L) 0.008 0.009 Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 4800 4400 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 1100 2000

6.7. Flow details of the major drains contributing to river pollution Discharge has been measured and it is around m3/sec and m3/sec respectively Table VIII: Flow Details of the Major drains out falling in Digboi river Flow details of Flow details of Major the major the major Drains/Outfall of Type of liquid waste drains/outfalls drains/outfalls the Digboi river (m3/s) (MLD) Major outfall at the origin of Digboi river consists of two 0.025 2.2 drains coming Commercial & from Digboi Domestic Township at Borbil no.3 0.016 1.4

6.8. Sewage generation from the towns located on the banks of the polluted river The main contributor of pollution in the river is municipal sewage. There are no treatment systems for the sewages which are dumped in open thereby ultimately finding their ways to water bodies without treatment. Moreover, Sewage treatment facility has not been set up yet in Assam. 6.9. Number of Sewage treatment plants present and treatment capacity, and gaps There is no any sewage treatment plant at present. 6.10. Number of STPs proposed and capacity As per the survey done one (01) STP has been proposed at Digboi town with a capacity of approximately 5.5 MLD in consultation with the District Administration 6.11. Interception and diversion of drains /in situ treatment given One (01) number of STP has been proposed along with interceptor drains for in situ treatment before outfall.

6.12. Drainage system/ sewerage network present/proposed Some natural drainage of local origin are acting as the drainage system to evacuate sewage originating from domestic households, commercial establishments, institutes, industries etc. There is no sewerage system at present. In this project one (01) number of STP along with interceptor drains for collection of the sewage of the basin has been proposed. All the sewage of the catchment area of the river shall be collected by interceptor drains and shall be treated in the proposed STP before outfall in to the river. 6.13. Treatment and Disposal of Septage and controlling Open Defecation Some of the households in the towns are equipped with ordinary septic tanks and the slum dwellers in the catchment areas of the river have kuccha latrines. However, around 1968 toilets have been constructed in the Tinsukia district under the initiative of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to achieve open defecation free area. Moreover, OIL has rendered its full commitment to Hon’ble Prime Minister’s flagship programme “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” and in pursuance to that they have undertaken the following activity  Constructed toilets in both Government boys and girls schools.  Constructed toilet at Digboi Unnayan Samity and Toilet facility at OIL Township in 7 nos. of locations for public use  Undertaken a toilet utilization assessment survey of the already constructed school toilets and project Anubhav for awareness building among sanitation workers for making them more responsive towards sanitation Following remedial actions will be taken in consideration of treatment and disposal of sewage  Every households should be recommended to have individual drainage that should be connected to soak pits or stagnated pool.  The discharge should be trapped by strainers before draining off to the river.  Roadside hotels/restaurants should not be allowed to dispose untreated sewage and solid waste into the nearby drains or rivers. These establishments should be properly regulated by the concerned authority.

 Public awareness to control open defecation and understand the sanitary hygiene.  Local administration should provide proper pucca toilets for the individuals or atleast community toilets through the IHHL scheme under Swachh Bharat Mission.

7. Controlled Ground water Extraction and quality Assessment The annual dynamic ground water resources are estimated to be 159036 ham, while the net annual ground water draft is 16697 ham as reported by CGWB. Though the stage of ground water development is only 12% percent, the district is still under “safe” category The details of estimated ground water resource in Tinsukia district is presented below in Table IX Table IX: Estimation of ground water resource in the Tinsukia district Ground water Ground Irrigation Ground Rain water extraction details water practices water harvesting recharging mechanism Annual Replenishable 159036 ham Minor and Recharging of The roof top Ground Water medium groundwater rainwater Resources irrigation are done by harvesting is schemes such creation of practiced. Net Ground Water 16697 ham as DTW and Pond/lakes Availability STW under Stage of Ground Water 12% government Development schemes. Future provision for 4257 ham Domestic & Industrial Use Future Provision for 125230 ham Irrigation Use

7.1. Status of Ground Water The interpretation of the results of the analysis shows that ground water of the district is fresh and suitable for both domestic and irrigation purposes except higher contents of iron in some places, which requires treatment before being used for drinking purposes.

As per the data generated from PCBA, the ground water quality around the catchment area of polluted stretch of the Digboi river is found to be within the permissible limit and safe for domestic and irrigation purposes.

Table X: Latest analysis report of Ground water at Digboi – March 2020 Parameter Value pH 7.1 Cond(µS/cm) 354 BOD(mg/L) 1.6 COD(mg/L) 4.6

NO3 -N (mg/L) 2.1 TSS (mg/L) 6 Turbidity (NTU) 2 p-Alkalinity (mg/L) Nil m-Alkalinity (mg/L) 134 Hardness (mg/L) 84

Calcium as CaCO3(mg/L) 62

Magnesium as CaCO3 (mg/L) 22 Chloride as Cl- (mg/L) 32 -2 Sulphate as SO4 (mg/L) 13.6

Phosphate as PO4 (mg/L) 0.06 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 228 TFS (mg/L) 54 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.23 Boron (mg/l) 0.010 Na (mg/L) 58.9 K (mg/L) 29.6 NH4-N (mg/L) 0.18 TKN (mg/L) 0.42 Total Iron (mg/L) 0.34 Lead (mg/L) BDL Zinc (mg/L) 0.044 Copper (mg/L) 0.003 Total Chromium (mg/L) BDL Nickel (mg/L) BDL Cadmium (mg/L) BDL Mercury (mg/L) BDL Arsenic(µg/L) BDL Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) Nil Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) Nil

7.2. Remedial Actions The following remedial actions will be taken in consideration of contaminated ground water sources, controlled ground water extraction and periodic quality assessment

 Ground water of deeper aquifers should be analyzed for periodic assessment of element like Arsenic, Fluoride, Iron etc.  Alternate sources of drinking water should be explored and prioritized.  Awareness campaigns about health hazards due to intake of excessive Arsenic, Fluoride are the need of the time.  Role of pesticides used for agricultural activity should be carefully observed.  Survey should be conducted regarding ground water uses by different categories such as domestic, Industries etc. and also to identify the over exploited and critical areas in the river stretches with respect to ground water extraction.  Effective management of industrial effluent or sewage for preventing contamination of ground water sources.  The industry that will extract groundwater for manufacturing process should not operate unless they possess valid permission for groundwater extraction from Central Ground Water Authority.  Strict vigilance and conducting inspection of the industries to rule out any forceful treated effluent injection in to ground water resources.  Roof top rain water harvesting techniques should be encouraged for industrial, commercial or individual households and community.

8. Flood Plain Zone The following are the identified flood prone area for the polluted river stretch Name of River Flood plain areas Digboi river Digboi Oil town, Borbil No. 3, Mission Para

8.1. Regulating activities in the Flood Plain Zone Further following activities need to be regulated in the flood plain zones. S.No Action points Responsible authority 1 Plantation in the flood plain zone Forest Department 2 Checking Encroachment Local administration 3 Demarcation of the flood plain zone Water Resource Department 4 Prohibition of disposal of all kinds of wastes District Administration

8.2. Waste management status Table XI: Management of Industrial, Municipal, Biomedical, Plastic and Electronics Waste

Type Status Proposed actions Authority Time Targeted a) Authorisation have a) Direction issued to been granted to the industries to different industries identify the non- Pollution point sources and Control Board in line with Water arrest contamination Assam act 1974, Hazardous of storm water. Waste (Management, b) There are no gaps in Handling and the treatment of Transboundary industrial waste as 3 Months Industrial Movement) Rule, the industrial units (April 2020 Waste 2008 as amended. have ETPs in their – June premises as b) Regular monitoring 2020) presented in Table I by PCBA to ensure that the terms and conditions are strictly adhered in accordance with the prescribed standards.

a) Dumping is carried Municipal Body is in process Municipal Body out unscientifically of inducting the following in the open space. activity b) No proper a) Implementation of segregation of bio- segregation of waste degradable and non- at source biodegradable waste b) Door-to-door c) No proper Collection of waste segregation of dry c) Formation of and wet waste Sanitation task Force 3 Months Municipal d) Lack of scientific d) Formation of (April 2020 – waste disposal Neighbourhood June 2020) facilities/infrastructu Community re technology like e) Awareness campaigns decentralized f) Processing and composting or bio- disposal of waste methanation plant, waste to energy plant, solid waste management plant.

Type Status Proposed actions Authority Time Targeted a) Dumping is carried Letter is being issued out unscientifically intermittently by PCBA in the open space to Municipal Board to along with the segregate and collect municipal waste. plastic waste and initiate b) No proper necessary steps to segregation of bio- channelize the waste to degradable and non- authorized agencies for biodegradable waste recycling and c) No proper reprocessing ULBs/Municipal 3 Months Plastic segregation of dry Body/ Pollution (April 2020 – Waste and wet waste Control Board June 2020) d) Lack of scientific Assam disposal facilities/infrastructu re technology like decentralized composting or bio- methanation plant, waste to energy plant, solid waste management plant. a) Hazardous waste are a) Awareness campaign managed by regarding health and hazardous waste other issues related to generating industries Hazardous waste itself by disposing b) PCBA has initiated the same through correspondence with authorised recycler, the Govt. of Assam for secured landfill area, allotment of land for Hazardous Bio-remediation etc. TSDF. Pollution Control Waste b) PCBA has engaged Board Assam Continuous collection centre for collection of Hazardous waste c) Lack of TSDF facility for commonly utilization by hazardous waste generating industries a) Biomedical waste Direction issued to all generated from the HCF unit to implement Bio- HCF units/Pollution HCFs are disposed the BMW Rules, 2016 medical Control Board Continuous through the facility as amended in all HCF Waste Assam available at IOCL Units. (As per (AOD) Hospital. guidelines of CPCB)

Type Status Proposed actions Authority Time Targeted b) Segregation at the source under Biomedical waste Management Rules, 1998 as amended c) The HCFs have installed ETP for treatment of liquid waste generated a) Annual return in Few entrepreneur (Form-3) is approached PCBA for submitted by E- registration and Waste generating authorisation as units to PCBA from Recycler time to time for onwards transmission to CPCB b) Most of the e-waste generator have sent their e-waste to their respective manufacturer. c) There is no authorised recycler, refurbisher, Pollution Control E –waste Continuous dismantler etc. Board Assam available to ensure environmentally sound management of E-waste. d) There is no “facility” wherein the process of dismantling, recycling, and disposal of e-waste are carried out. e) Most of the e-waste generator sent their e-waste to their respective manufacturers.

8.3. Bio Medical waste generation and Gaps in treatment Table XII: Bio Medical waste generation and gaps in treatment (Digboi river)

BMW Name of the HCF units Category Generation Treatment facility Gaps in Treatment (Kg/Day) AOD Hospital, Digboi, Orange 10.99 Tinsukia Bio Medical Waste No Gaps in Bio Medical Treatment Facility in Waste in the catchment Total 10.99 the Hospital premises area of the wetland

8.4. Gaps identified in waste management Presently, around 24925.2 Kg/day of gaps has been identified for municipal solid waste management 8.5. Gaps in Industrial waste Management Table XIII: Gaps in Hazardous Waste Management

Sludge Type of Treatment Gaps in S.N Name of the units Category Generation Sludge facility Treatment MTA

Bio- No Gaps in Oily Sludge Digboi refinery, IOCL, remediation Hazardous 1 RED 1395 residual AOD, Digboi, Tinsukia at their own Waste cake premises. Management Total 1395 MTA NIL

8.6. Greenery development - Plantation Plan State Forest Department has initiated afforestation in the degraded forestland, also raising roadside plantation besides creating check dams/embankments in the river catchment areas to combat erosion and soil conservation. The following remedial actions has to be initiated in consideration of greenery development  Raise plantation along the river bank to control the flow run off water directly to the river  Bamboo species to be raised as it is a good soil binder thereby stabilize the banks of the river from erosio

8.7. Proposal for Biodiversity Park At present there is no any land availability for establishment of Biodiversity Park in the catchment area of the river. 9. Environmental Flow (E-Flow) 9.1. Stretch of river perennial or non- perennial/flow available/water usage in the stretch The entire stretch is perennial and carries water throughout the year. The river maintains lean and thin flow except monsoon where ample amount of flow and discharge is observed. 9.2. Irrigation practices in the river Any kind of irrigation practices has not been proposed or initiated yet However, the treated sewage can be used for many purposes which are as follows:  Treated water can be used for de-dusting of roads in order to minimise the impact of PM 10 and PM 2.5.  For irrigation purpose.  It can be used for roadside gardening.  It can also be used for curing during construction works. Treated sewage can be supplied to industries for non-potable uses 9.3. Achievable Goals Primary water Quality Criteria for Bathing water (water used for organised outdoor bathing)

Criteria Rational

1. Fecal Coliform MPN/100 ml: 500 To ensure low sewage contamination. Fecal coliform and (desirable) 2500 (Maximum Permissible) fecal streptococci are considered as they reflect the bacterial pathogenicity.

The desirable and permissible limits are suggested to allow 2. Fecal Streptococci MPN/100 ml: 100 for fluctuation in environmental conditions such as seasonal (desirable) 500 (Maximum Permissible) change, changes in flow conditions etc.

The range provides protection to the skin and delicate organs 3. pH: : Between 6.5 -8.5 like eyes, nose, ears etc. which are directly exposed during outdoor bathing

The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 mg/1 4. Dissolved Oxygen: 5 mg/l or more ensures reasonable freedom from oxygen consuming organic pollution immediately upstream which is necessary for preventing production of anaerobic gases (obnoxious gases)

from sediment. 5. Biochemical Oxygen demand 3 day,27°C: The Biochemical Oxygen Demand of 3 mg/1 or less of the 3 mg/l or less water ensures reasonable freedom from oxygen demanding pollutants and prevent production of obnoxious gases";

10. Identified organisations responsible for preparation and execution of the action plans Organisations responsible for preparation and execution of the action plans are as follows:  Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Environment and Forest department  Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Urban Development department  Commissioner, Industries and Commerce, Assam  Member Secretary, Pollution Control Board Assam  Commissioner, Municipal Corporation  Commissioner to the Govt. of Assam, Water ResourceDepartment  Divisional Forest officer, Social Forestry, Basistha, Guwahati -29

11. Monitoring mechanism proposed for implementation of action plans The water quality assessment and evaluation of impacts is necessary to understand the river state at various stages of the project implementation and post implementation of the project. Therefore the water quality assessment and evaluation of the project achievements is essential component for the long term benefit of the project. The monitoring and evaluation also indicate for taking corrective measure at appropriate time. The ill effects may be controlled by taking step at right time for right cause. The monitoring and evaluation schedule and plan is proposed, which is under. 11.1 Water Quality Stations (WQS): The water quality monitoring will include following parameters, which shall be monitored at monthly interval or as and when required. The one complete unit to be purchased and identified parameters to be monitored at defined sampling stations. The sampling stations are:  Downstream of the river before confluence with Burhidihing river

The parameters to be monitored are as follows. 1 pH 6 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 2 Turbidity 7 Faecal coliform 3 Conductivity 8 Total coliform 4 Temperature 5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Most of the parameters will be monitored manually and will be incorporated in database. 12. Public Mass awareness etc. Any river conservation project to be implemented successfully, public awareness is of utmost importance. Unless the public are made aware about the irreversible damage and pollution caused by indiscriminate littering and dumping of waste and garbage in drain and water bodies connected to DigboiRiver, the project cannot be implemented in true sense of the word to achieve conservation. Some members of the communities are already aware that there is a need for river conservation programme and that they will be benefitted. Hence, it should be ensured with the following points  The communities are effectively involved in all the stages of the project cycle from conceptualization, to preparation, to finalization, to implementation and finally O & M.  Public Awareness & Public Participation should be affront-end activity of the project  The entire programme of conservation should be conceived, formulated, implemented, monitored and evaluated in close consultation with the stake holding communities.  Therefore, education and awareness programmes are key to the sustainability of the various components implemented as part of the river restoration project.

13. Action Plan Table XIV: Action Points

Implementation Responsible Cost Estimate Type Action Points Time Targeted Status Authority (In crores) a) Strict observation/ There are no gaps monitoring of industrial in the treatment effluent/waste water of industrial discharge strictly for waste as the compliance. industrial units b) Stringent action against have ETPs in non-complying industrial their premises as presented in units Table I c) No industry should operate or continue manufacturing 3 Months process unless they possess Pollution Control (August, 2019 Industries valid permission for ground Nil Board Assam To water extraction from Central Ground Water October, 2019) Authority (CGWA) d) Small service providing units like street food selling vendors, laundry etc. should not be allowed to dispose solid, liquid or semi-liquid wastes directly into the drains or sewers. e) Set up online monitoring

Implementation Responsible Cost Estimate Type Action Points Time Targeted Status Authority (In crores) system in the major industries. f) To stress all the industrial units to adopt cleaner technology and take appropriate measures for reduction of effluent, recycling and reuse of treated water g) Directions has been issued for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) in the major polluting industrial units a) The quality of waste water A meeting has been flowing in the drains of convened with the identified polluted stretch concerned stakeholders have to be analysed and PCBA/ Municipal regarding initiation Interception studied to assess the drain Corporation/ of in-situ treatment 2 Years and treatment wise characteristics of waste ULBs/ of sewage by of raw sewage water. District (April, 2019 8.0 bioremediation b) Concerned departments Administration/ to should design the Water Resource installation of Sewage Department March, 2021) Treatment Plant (STP) based on flow details of the drains and utilization

Implementation Responsible Cost Estimate Type Action Points Time Targeted Status Authority (In crores) capacity and ensure that each households are connected to the sewers as applicable. c) Sewage Treatment Plant should also consider treatment and disposal of sewage for river catchment area settlement including discharge from toilets constructed under Swachh Bharat Mission d) To trap the discharge using strainers before falling into river. e) Channelization including diversion of sewage generated from households to sewer lines/interception of all the drains presently carrying sewage and for ensuing proper treatment through the upcoming STPs. f) Local administration should provide pucca latrines to all the households through

Implementation Responsible Cost Estimate Type Action Points Time Targeted Status Authority (In crores) Individual Households Latrines (IHHL) Scheme under Swachh Bharat Mission. a) Conducting survey regarding ground water usage by category wise such as domestic, community, industries etc. and also identification of over exploited and critical blocks in the river stretches with respect to the ground water extraction. Ground Water Continuous b) Carry out assessment of PCBA/CGWA 0.5 Assessment ground water survey in the catchment area of the identified polluted stretch once in a year to ensure quality. c) All the industries should have valid NOC from CGWA. d) To promote roof top rain water harvesting by the industrial, commercial

Implementation Responsible Cost Estimate Type Action Points Time Targeted Status Authority (In crores) including individual households thereby recharging the ground water. e) Directions to be issued that 6 Months no industries should inject (February,2020 their treated effluent for ground water recharging. to July, 2020)

a) Conservation of the river Soil Conservation 6 Months through watershed Department/Water (February,2020 management. Resource/ Municipal b) Cleaning of the river bed Corporation /Forest to and bank. Department/ c) Afforestation on both the Tourism July, 2020) banks to prevent soil erosion Department/PWD d) Recreational activities to be Flood Plain Assam/District promoted. 1 Zone e) Erection of pathway of the Administration river banks. f) Prohibition of disposal of municipal, plastic, biomedical and other wastes in the polluted stretch of the river bank g) Demarcation of the flood plain zone.

Implementation Responsible Cost Estimate Type Action Points Time Targeted Status Authority (In crores) h) Checking /removal of Revenue To be decided encroachment in the flood Department/District by the plain zone of the polluted Administration Government river stretch

3 Months The plan for the polluted stretches of the river may be (August, 2019 implemented in a time bound to manner by fragmenting October, 2019) activities as

a) Modification of consent conditions in and around the Pollution Control polluted stretches. Nil Board Assam b) Surveillance of sources of pollution in contrast to the norms. c) The monitoring committee may convene meeting of Stakeholder organizations on Quarterly basis with under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary d) Assessment of water quality c) Monthly of the polluted stretches on Basis Nil monthly basis has already

Implementation Responsible Cost Estimate Type Action Points Time Targeted Status Authority (In crores) been commencing Solid Waste a) Prohibition of direct 3 Months disposal of solid waste in Municipal (November, the river banks. Corporation/ Water 2019 0.4 b) Frequent River Surface Resource to cleaning by removal of Department debris, plastics etc. January, 2020)

Environmental a) Flow measurement of the Water Resource Continuous Flow river should be carried out Department

by the concerned department and the record has to be maintained b) Fresh water flowing through 0.1 escape channels/small barrages should be checked. The river can be of good potential for irrigation practices and should be carried out by the farmers

Public a) Awareness programs to Environment & Continuous Awareness highlight the issues related Forest Department with the direct discharge of /UDD/GMC 0.1 solid waste and open defecation. b) Mass awareness to conserve

Implementation Responsible Cost Estimate Type Action Points Time Targeted Status Authority (In crores) water. Total Budget Estimate 10.1 crores