National Roads Network Indicators 2017

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IRELAND NATIONAL ROADS NETWORK INDICATORS 2017

April 2018 KEY TRENDS 2 A: KEY TREND SUMMARY

TRAVEL HOTSPOTS: TRAFFIC GROWTH:

M50 Dublin area: N40 Cork area: Border 145,000 vehicles per day 85,000 vehicles per day 6% 3.9% Midlands Hotspot: Hotspot: 3.5% West 5% 2.1% 4% Dublin 4% 2.8% 3% +3.0% 3% 2017 Growth 2.3% Mid-East 2% 1.8% Mid-West 3.5% 3.9% Traffic Growth 1% South-East across the network 0% 3.3% in 2017 was 3.0%. All Motorways National National National Primary Secondary South-West 1.1% Roads Roads Roads M50 KEY NETWORK STATISTICS: CHANGES IN PEAK HOUR SPREAD M50:

The peak hours remain the TOTAL TRAFFIC M50 TMUs 2016 2017 9% 100000 same as 2016: 6.30 - 9.30 and 15,417 1.5 billion AM PM 8% Highest hourly flow Vehicle km travelled 15.30 - 18.30, but there was an recorded between the N4- increase in trips between 6.00 N3 at 4pm on the 25th July 7% and 7.00 of 0.4% from 2016. This was a result of continued 6% growth on the National Roads 5% network and traffic demand 170,711 1,429 Percentage Share of Total Traffic AUG Highest Daily Flow Total No. of Incidents reaching previously unreached 4% Recorded between the levels especially on the M50. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 25 N3-N2 6 7 8 15 16 17 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 FATAL COLLISIONS ON THE NATIONAL ROADS NETWORK:

Pedestrians: Fatal collisions by road type: Total fatal collisions on the National Roads (2013-2017): -28% 2017 115 113 Hour of Day 94 97 87 9 -61% 72 64 66 61 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 46 2013 64 66 61 72 46 23 National Roads Local & Regional Roads 2013 2014 2015 2016 * 2017 * *Fatal collisions 2015 - 2017: AGS data (not verified by RSA)

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 NEWS 3 B: NEWS + UPDATES

Establishment of TII National Transport Model (NTpM) Motorway Service Helpline In August 2015, the Following a major update in 2013, the A Motorway Service Helpline has been NTpM is updated annually using data from set-up to assist roads users in difficulty National Roads Authority the Traffic Monitoring Unit network. on a Motorway. All calls are directed (NRA) and the Railway Documentation regarding the National through the Motorway Traffic Control Transport Model can be located on the TII Centre (MTCC) and the number is: Procurement Agency (RPA) website at www.tii.ie/tii-library/strategic- were merged to become planning/ 0818-715-100 or; [email protected] Transport Infrastructure Traffic Monitoring Units Ireland (TII). TII now has over 370 Traffic Monitoring Further information and live traffic updates Units around the country which are used to are available on www.tiitraffic.ie monitor traffic patterns and to plan future interventions. To find out more about TII See website: www.nratrafficdata.ie visit www.tii.ie

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION P5 1. ROAD NETWORK P6 2. ECONOMIC P22 3. ROAD CONDITION P24 4. SAFETY P28 5. ACCESSIBILITY + ENVIRONMENT P30

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 5

INTRODUCTION

Transport Infrastructure Ireland’s mission is to deliver transport infrastructure and services that contribute to the quality of life of the people of Ireland and support the country’s economic growth

For this purpose, TII has overall reductions in the cost of operating vehicles. Transport Infrastructure Ireland considers it responsibility not only for the planning Society as a whole benefits from increased important to monitor the performance and and supervision of the construction and economic productivity, reduced energy usage of the National Roads network and to maintenance works on these roads, but consumption and a better environment. share this information with the public. also for ensuring the efficient use and safe operation of the National Roads network. If the National Roads network is operated This publication sets out some key to a high standard, then road users will indicators of performance and usage of the Efficient use of the National Roads network enjoy safe journeys with predictable journey National Roads network. provides benefits to road passenger and times. road freight users in the form of shorter journey times, reduced congestion and

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE: ROAD NETWORK ONE | ROAD NETWORK 7 A: LENGTH OF NATIONAL ROADS NETWORK Length of National Roads network by road type 2017

There are in excess of 5,300 kilometres of National Roads network in Ireland. The National Roads network is comprised Road type: of 969 km of motorway, 301km of dual Motorway 969km carriageway and 4,062km of single Dual carriageway 301km carriageway. Single carriageway 4,062km The actual length of the National Roads network fluctuates year on year due to road reclassification, realignments to existing National Roads, completion of new roads and analysis/updating of data 18% in the TII Roads Database. 6%

76%

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 8 B1: LEVEL OF USAGE OF THE NATIONAL ROADS NETWORK Level of usage of the National Roads network as measured by Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)

The continued growth in the Irish economy is reflected by the growth in traffic M1M1 on the National Roads network. In Dublin, the M50 continues to experience growth in levels of usage as measured by AADT M50 Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) flows, with the section between Junction 5 (N2) and Junction 9 (N7) carrying in excess of N11 140,000 AADT. Increased economic activity M11 outside of the Dublin region is also apparent with further AADT growth being experienced on the N40 (Cork South Ring Road) in 2017.

AADT (thousands per day)

1–5 17–25 75–100

N8 5–10 25–50 100–125

10–17 50–75 125-150 N40

AADT Cork

Transport Infrastructure Ireland Source: TII National Transport Model, 2017 National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 9 B2: FREIGHT MOVEMENTS ON THE NATIONAL ROADS NETWORK Level of usage of the National Roads network by freight vehicles as measured by Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) AADT

The level of usage of the National Roads network by freight vehicles, as M1 measured by Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) AADT, continues to experience growth particularly in AADT M50 economic centres near M11 major ports.

HGV AADT (thousands per day)

0-0.5 2-3 7-9

0.5-1 3-5 9-11

N8 1-2 5-7 11-13

N40

AADT Cork

Source: TII National Transport Model, 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 10 C1: LEVEL OF SERVICE: MORNING RUSH-HOUR, NATIONAL ROADS Proportion of the National Roads network operating under each level of service condition

50% The level of service (LOS) provided by 40% 60% roads may be assessed using recognised 30% 70% international standards. LOS is a quality All Roads measure describing operational conditions 20% 80% within a traffic stream. Following the 10% 90% substantial investment in National Roads 0% in recent times, most route sections are operating to the highest standard of service. For further information see: Transport Research and Information Note: A Study of Lane Capacity, online at www.tii.ie/tii-library/ 50% 40% 60% strategic-planning 30% National 70% Primary 20% Roads 80%

10% 90% 0%

A. Free flow

B. Reasonably free flow 50% 40% 60% C. Stable flow 30% National 70% D. Approaching unstable flow Secondary 20% Roads 80%

E. Unstable flow 10% 90% 0%

F. Forced or breakdown flow

Source: TII National Transport Model, 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 11 C2: VOLUME TO CAPACITY RATIO: NATIONAL PRIMARY ROADS Proportion of the National Primary Roads network operating at each level of capacity

The Volume to Capacity (V/C) Ratio relates the AADT volume carried on a section of road to its daily operational capacity.*

The V/C Ratio for the National Primary Roads network indicates that over 70% of the network is operating at or below 80% of its daily capacity. This reflects the significant investment made in the National Primary Roads network in recent times. 50% 40% 60% *Capacity Based on TII TD 9 Road Link Design 30% National 70% Table 6 Primary 20% Roads 80%

10% 90% 0%

Operating Below 80% Capacity

Operating between 80% - 100% Capacity

Operating between 100% - 120% Capacity

Operating above 120% Capacity

Source: TII National Transport Model, 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 12 C3: VOLUME TO CAPACITY RATIO: NATIONAL SECONDARY ROADS Proportion of the National Secondary Roads network operating at each level of capacity

The Volume to Capacity (V/C) Ratio relates the AADT volume carried on a section of road to its daily operational capacity.*

The V/C Ratio for the National Secondary Roads network indicates that over 50% of the network is operating at or above 80% of its daily capacity.

50% 40% 60%

30% National 70% *Capacity Based on TII TD 9 Road Link Design Secondary Table 6 20% Roads 80%

10% 90% 0%

Operating Below 80% Capacity

Operating between 80% - 100% Capacity

Operating between 100% - 120% Capacity

Operating above 120% Capacity

Source: TII National Transport Model, 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 13 D1: M50 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY 2017 Key network statistics

The M50 is the most heavily trafficked road in the country with in excess of 140,000 vehicles using several sections on an average day.

N3 N2 M1 15,417 1.5 billion 144,500 136,500 BALLYMUN118,500 M1/M50 Highest hourly flow recorded 7% 8% 8% Vehicle km travelled 6 5 4 3 between the N4-N3 at 4pm on the 25th July 83,500 142,000 9% 8% 2 N4 7 COOLOCK 22,000 170,711 1,429 144,500 41% AUG Highest Daily Flow Recorded Total No. of Incidents 7% 1 between the N3-N2 of which 547 were N7 9 25 Traffic Collisions 132,000 DUBLIN PORT 4% M11 BALLYMOUNT FRIDAY 10 Busiest Typical Day 121,500 3% FIRHOUSE BALLINTEER SANDYFORD (N31) CARRICKMINES CHERRYWOOD 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 16:00 -19:00 12 minutes 113,000 107,000 74,500 72,500 69,500 49,500 N81 N31 M11 Peak Incident Time Average Response Time M50 Schematic Layout 2017 Annual Average Daily Traffic (%HGV) on M50 29 minutes Median Duration of

Incidents Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 14 D2: M50 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY Traffic growth and typical working day conditions represented by level of service

160,000 MADT at M50 (e-flow toll between N4 & N3)

The level of service (LOS) provided by

(MADT) 150,000 roads may be assessed using recognised international standards. LOS is a 140,000 quality measure describing operational conditions within a traffic stream. 130,000

A typical working day in 2017 refers to all (VEHS) weekdays excluding school holidays and 120,000 public holidays. Average hourly levels of service for the full year were analysed 110,000 from TII Traffic Monitoring Units and by identifying the most frequent level of 100,000 service condition. This gives an indica- Monthly Average Daily Traffic Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jan Jan Jan Jan Nov Nov Nov Nov Sep Sep Sep Sep Nov Sep Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar May May May May tion of what the busiest times of a typical May day were and what sections of the M50 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 were most congested in 2017. J2-M1 J2-M1 N2-J4 N2-J4 N3-N2 N3-N2 N4-N3 N4-N3 N7-N4 N7-N4 N7-J10 N7-J10 A. Free flow J10-N81 J10-N81

B. Reasonably free flow N81-J12 N81-J12 J12-J13 J12-J13 Northbound C. Stable flow Southbound J13-J14 J13-J14

D. Approaching unstable flow J14-J15 J14-J15 J15-J16 J15-J16 E. Unstable flow J16-J17 J16-J17 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 F. Forced or breakdown flow Hour of Day Hour of Day

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 15 D3: N40 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY 2017 Key network statistics Several sections of the N40 Cork Southern Ring Road carry in excess of 80,000 vehicles on an average day

8,109 11 minutes 125 Highest hourly flow recorded Average Response Time Total No. of Incidents on the Kinsale Rd - Douglas of which 41 were section at 08.00 on 4th June Traffic Collisions

M8 103,578 0.3 billion DECAUG Vehicle km travelled 21 Highest Daily Flow Recorded DUNKETTLE on the Kinsale Rd - Douglas N8 11 N25 25 section on 21st December JACK LYNCH TUNNEL FRIDAY 12 Busiest Typical Day N22 N27 4% 67,000 09:00 -10:00 BALLINORA/ CURRAHEEN BANDON RD SARSFIELD RD TOGHER KINSALE RD DOUGLAS WEST DOUGLAS EAST BLOOMFIELD MAHON Peak Incident Time POULAVONE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3% 3% 4% 41,500 86,000 71,000 32 minutes N71 N27 N28 Median Duration of N40 Schematic Layout Incidents 2017 Annual Average Daily Traffic (%HGV) on N40

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 16 D4: N40 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY Traffic growth and typical working day conditions represented by level of service

The level of service (LOS) provided by roads may be assessed using recognised international standards. Westbound/Southbound LOS is a quality measure describing operational conditions within a traffic stream. Jack-Lynch - Mahon A typical working day in 2017 refers to all weekdays excluding school holidays and public holidays. Mahon - Bloomfield Average hourly levels of service for the full year were analysed from TII Traffic Monitoring Units and the most frequent level of service condition. This gives an indication of what the busiest times of a typical Kinsale Rd - Douglas day were and what sections of the N40 were most congested in 2017. Ballinora - Curraheen 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

75,000 MADT at N40 Jack Lynch Tunnel

70,000 Eastbound/Northbound Jack-Lynch - Mahon 65,000 Mahon - Bloomfield Kinsale Rd - Douglas 60,000 Ballinora - Curraheen 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

55,000

Monthly Average Daily Traffic Monthly Average Traffic Daily (VEHS) Level of Service 50,000 A. Free flow C. Stable flow E. Unstable flow Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jan Jan Jan Jan Nov Nov Nov Nov Sep Sep Sep Sep Nov Sep Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar May May May May May 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 B. Reasonably free flow D. Approaching unstable flow F. Forced or breakdown flow Month

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 17 E: ROADS USAGE OVER THE DAY Profile of the usage of the National Roads network by time of day

Nat Primary Peak Nat Primary Peak

The peak periods on M50 Peak M50 Peak our National Roads are Nat Secondary Peak Nat Secondary Peak extending outwards due 10% to increased demand and congestion. 9% In the morning, the peak period lasts 8% between 6.30am and 9.30am whilst in in the evening, the peak covers the period 7% between 3:30pm and 6:30pm. Peak traffic hours have a level of traffic some 30% to 50% above off-peak levels. The M50 is the 6% most used road in the country with daily weekday traffic of up to 145,000 along its 5% busiest sections. The peaks on the M50 are more prolonged than other roads with 4% significant traffic flows being maintained during off-peak periods. The trend of 3% ‘peak hour spreading’ continued in 2017, with the peak period share of total daily trafficPercentage daily total of share 2% M50 traffic reducing by 0.5% in the PM Peak period compared to the previous 1% year.

M50 Motorway 0% National Primary 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 National Secondary Peak period Peak period Hour Beginning Peak period (6.30am - 9.30am) (3.30pm - 6.30pm) Source: TII National Transport Model, 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 18 F: TRIP DURATION NATIONAL ROADS AND REGIONAL ROADS - AM PEAK Profile of the trips made on the National and Regional Roads network by their duration

Across the road 25% network, a significant portion of trips that 20% people make are of 39% short duration. In total, greater

39% of trips are of 15 15% less than or than 15 minutes duration or equal to 15 minutes less. minutes 10% 61% Percentage share of total trips 5%

0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 65-70 70-75 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100

Trip Length (minutes) average trip duration = 22mins

light vehicles

Source: TII National Transport Model, 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 19 G: TRIP DISTANCE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ROADS - AM PEAK Profile of the trips made on the National and Regional Roads network by their distance

Across the road 25% network, a significant portion of trips that 38% 62% 20% people make are short distance. In total, just 0–10km 10km + over 50% of trips on the 15% National and Regional road network are 15 kilometres or less. 10% Percentage share of total trips 5%

0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 65-70 70-75 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100

Trip Distance (km) average trip distance = 19.4km

light vehicles

Source: TII National Transport Model, 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 20 H: ANNUAL TRAFFIC GROWTH RATES Annual Traffic Growth 2016-2017

Traffic growth was 3.0% Growth by Road Type 4.0% Growth by Region (All Vehicles) All Vehicles across the network in 2017. HGV 3.0% The highest regional growth recorded in 2.3% 2017 was in the Mid-West and Border with 3.9% for the year. The Midlands and Mid- 1.8% East also experienced significant growth at 3.5%. The South West and West had the lowest year on year growth at 1.1% and 2.1% respectively. Border 3.9% 4.5%

For HGVs Dublin and South-East recorded All National Motorways National National West 2.1% the highest regional growth at 4.6%. The Roads Primary Roads Secondary Roads 0.9% West and South-West had the lowest Dublin 2.8% 4.6% year on year growth at 0.9% and 2.9% Midlands 3.5% Growth by Road Type 4.8% 3.3% respectively. (HGVs) Mid-East 3.5% 4.4% 3.8% 3.6% Mid-West 3.9% The greatest year on year traffic growth 3.4% by road type was recorded on motorways; 2.7% where traffic has increased 4.0% for all South-East 3.3% 4.6% vehicles and 4.8% for HGVs .

South-West 1.1% 2.9%

All National Motorways National National Source: TII Traffic Monitoring Units Roads Primary Roads Secondary Roads

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 ONE | ROAD NETWORK 21 I: NETWORK MANAGEMENT Overview of the responsibilities for the Management of the National Roads network

The management of the National Key facts: Roads network is assigned to a number of bodies with the majority 0oC share of National Primary and National Secondary roads being managed by Local Authorities. 327 10,649 56 Motorways are managed under demountable all emergency nights in 2017 the Motorway Maintenance and snow ploughs calls received by where the Motorway Traffic temperature Renewal Contracts (MMaRCs) or by Our winter service Control Centre reached below PPP Concession companies in the fleet consists of: including SOS zero phones case of the tolled motorways. TII manages the maintenance of 2,709 bridges, which includes all bridges on National Roads other than on PPP roads. PPP Consession companies manage a total of 472 bridges. 360 1,478 101 salt spreaders SOS phones weather stations in the in operation on the country National Roads Network

Routes managed by: MMaRC PPP 31,835 Local Authority tonnes of salt were used on National Roads Network in 2017

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 TWO: ECONOMIC TWO | ECONOMIC 23 A: ECONOMICS TRENDS AND TRANSPORT

Index of Vehicle Kilometres of Travel, (Year 2000= 100) Overall transport demand comprises both personal 200.0 travel and carriage of goods. With regard to personal travel, a broad distinction may be made between 150.0 commuting and non-commuting. Trends in overall employment in the economy drive commuting traffic 100.0 whilst personal incomes are the major determinant Index of non-commuting traffic. With regard to the carriage 50.0 of goods, economic output is the major determinant. 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total Vehicle Kilometres of Travel All Goods Vehicle Kilometres of Travel Heavy Goods Vehicle Kilometres of Travel The Rise and Fall Recent Trends 2017 & Beyond In the period up to the peak of the economic Economic growth began to recover in a sustained Traffic volumes on National oadsR are The unemployment rate of just over 6% boom in 2008, vehicle kilometres of travel way in 2012 and employment levels a year later. exhibiting a recovery similar to that on in early 2018 indicates that there is still on all roads grew at an annual average rate By 2015, total vehicle kilometres of travel had all roads. All traffic on National oadsR room for further growth in employment of 4.6% per annum. In aggregate, vehicle recovered its pre-crisis levels, while heavy goods has averaged 3.9% per annum over the levels.Given these economic trends, the kilometres of travel increased by 43% traffic has yet to do so. The latter is due to the last three years, with HGV growth at prospects are for continued significant between 2000 and 2008. In the same period, slow recovery of the building and construction 4.8% per annum. growth in National Roads traffic overall goods vehicle kilometres of travel grew at an sector. During the economic boom, building and In 2017, the rates of growth in both and HGV traffic in particular, as building annual average rate 6.7% per annum, with construction-related heavy goods vehicle traffic GNP and GDP exceeded 7%, while and construction sector continues to an aggregate growth of 69% between 2000 accounted for over half of all tonnes carried by employment levels grew by 2.4%. pick up. and 2008. heavy goods vehicles (51.3%), declining to 32.1% in 2016. In the period 2000-2008, employment Share Of Total Tonnes Transported grew by 27% and Gross National Product Annual Growth Rate (%) All National Roads Traffic 7% (a measure of incomes) by 33%. The 6.2% 5% 10% exceptional growth in goods vehicle 6% I kilometres in the period reflected a 40% 5% 4.5% 4.1% 4.3% 3.8% increase in GDP combined with strong 44% 32% 4% growth in the transport-intensive building 3% 51% 32% 3% and construction sector. When the economic 2% and financial crisis occurred, vehicle 1% kilometres of travel in total declined by 10% and goods traffic by 22%. 2006 2016 0% 2015 2016 2017 Year Agriculture Building and Construction Other Annual Growth Rate (%) All Traffic Annual Growth Rate (%) HGV Traffic

Source: Central Statistics Office Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 THREE: ROAD CONDITION THREE | ROAD CONDITION 25 A: PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE Overview of the status of the road pavement across the National Roads network by subnetwork type

The National Roads across network pavements a network consists of over series of 5 Subnetwork types 5,400 kilometres of road has been defined, to assist in pavements. The pavements are the ongoing management of the predominately made of layers network. These Subnetworks of flexible materials designed to are defined in terms of their support traffic volumes/loads characteristics, e.g type over their design lifespan of of pavement construction, between 0 and 40 years. pavement age, and traffic Owing to the diversity that exists volumes carried.

Subnetwork Classification

0 Motorways High speed, high volumes pavement, made up of Motorway and Dual Car- + dual riageway sections of the network. Much of this subnetwork is less than 10 carriageways years old.

1 Engineered Significant geometric and pavement design has taken place in the pavement construction and/or rehabilitation of the pavement sections. Typically carry reasonably large volumes of traffic, and are identified by presence of hard shoulders adjacent to the carriageway.

2 Legacy pavement Legacy subnetwork, typically constructed without formal geometric or – high traffic pavement design. Typically carries traffic volumes less than 10,000 AADT.

3 Legacy pavement Legacy subnetwork, typically constructed without formal geometric or – low traffic) pavement design. Typically carries traffic volumes less than 5000 AADT.

4 Legacy pavement Legacy subnetwork, typically constructed without formal geometric or – very low traffic pavement design. Typically carries traffic volumes less than 2000 AADT.

Note: Classification excludes M17 / M18 motorway scheme which opened on 27 September 2017. In 2018, the pavement subnetwork types were updated to incorporate new schemes and to classify urban sections of the network. These updated classifications will be incorporated into the 2018 National Road Indicators report.

Source: TII Pavement Condition Report 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 THREE | ROAD CONDITION 26

B: CURRENT STATUS OF THE ROADS PAVEMENT CONDITION Overview of the condition of the road pavement across the National Roads network by some key indicators

100 TII collects data on the pavement condition 80 across the entire pavement network annually, using high speed machine survey vehicles. 60 IRI This data is used to select sites for treatment 40 under the Pavement and Minor Improvements Very poor programme. As part of the annual survey of 20 road pavement condition, data on a number 0 Poor of key indicator parameters are collected, including: 100 90 Fair -- IRI (International Roughness Index) which 80 measures the response of vehicle to the 70 Good pavement surface conditions 60 Rut depth 50 Very good -- Rut Depth which measures the level of 40 rutting/deformation on the pavement 30 caused by heavy traffic 20 -- LPV3 (Longitudinal Profile Variance) 10 which measures the level of bumps, 0 Subnetwork type: potholes, sags etc in the pavement 100 0 Motorway and dual carriageways 90 In 2017, it was identified in relation to roads 80 1 Engineered belonging to motorway/dual carriageway that: 70 pavement 60 -- 67% of the network had very good IRI; 2 Legacy pavement LPV3 50 – high traffic -- 70% of the network had very good Rut 40 3 Legacy pavement – low traffic Depth 30 20 4 Legacy pavement -- 90% had very good LPV3 levels 10 – very low traffic 0 0 1 2 3 4

Source: TII Pavement Condition Report Subnetwork type Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 THREE | ROAD CONDITION 27 C: NATIONAL ROAD BRIDGE STRUCTURES Overview of the quantum and condition of bridge structures on the National Roads network

1400 Bridges are key elements of the National Roads 1200 system and maintenance and rehabilitation 1000 of bridges is a key part of the TII’s asset 800 management strategy.

The National Roads network includes 600 No. of Bridges approximately 2,700 bridge structures of which 472 are on roads provided by public private partnerships. 400 Bridges are inspected on a regular cycle. Bridge components which are allocated a condition rating of 0 or 1 do not require 200 repair work, whereas those assigned a rating of 2 or higher are scheduled for future repair. 0 The amount of bridges falling into CR0 Condition Rating 2017 and CR1 categories has increased since 2016. CR 0: No or insignificant change. CR 4: Damage is critical, repair at once.

CR 1: Minor Damage but no need of repair. CR 5: Ultimate Damage. The component has failed or is in danger of total failure.

CR 2: Some Damage, repair needed when convienent. N/A: Data not available due to access restrictions.

CR 3: Significant Damage, repair within next financial year. Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 FOUR: SAFETY FOUR | SAFETY 29 A: FATAL COLLISIONS NATIONALLY Trends in fatal collisions nationally by road type and collision type*

Total fatal collisions on National Roads: 2013–2017 Long term trends in total fatal collisions

400 -28% Total Fatal Collisions 350 National Roads (non-motorway) 300 Regional & Local Road Motorway 250 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 200 64 66 61 72 46 150 100

Fatal Collisions per 50 0 2017 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Year

Distribution of fatal collisions by road type (National & non-national): Recent trends in total fatalities* on National Roads:

Pedestrians: Cyclists: All Other:

2017 2017 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 11 -52% 2 -50% 43 +16% 2013 2013 2013 National Primary Regional/Local Roads 23 4 37 National Secondary Motorway

Transport Infrastructure Ireland Fatal collisions 2015-2017: AGS data (not verified by RSA) National Roads Network Indicators 2017

* A fatal road collision may result in multiple deaths (fatalities). Therefore the number of fatalities in any given year will be larger than the number of reported fatal collisions. FIVE: ACCESSIBILITY + ENVIRONMENT 31 A1: IMPACT OF ROAD INVESTMENT ON EMPLOYMENT ACCESSIBILITY Key milestones in the development of the National Roads network

Building on the methodology put forward within the TII Transport Research and Information Note: Impact of Improvements in the Road Network on the Accessibility & Economic Potential of Counties, Urban Areas, Gateways & Hubs, 2012; TII has plotted accessibility to jobs for a number of key milestones in the development of the National Roads Network.

Employment Accessibility Score by NTM Zone

Low

2006 2013 2017

In 2006, prior to the completion of the Major By 2013 the development of the MIUs Since 2013, there are only subtle changes Inter Urban (MIU) corridors linking the delivered significant improvements in terms in accessibility(e.g. along the M17/M18 capital to the other cities; accessibility to of accessibility to jobs in some of the more corridor), related to the reduced capital jobs within peripheral regions was weak. peripheral areas. spend on National Roads infrastructure during that time.

High

Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 32 A2: IMPACT OF ROAD INVESTMENT ON EMPLOYMENT ACCESSIBILITY 2013 versus 2017

A significant proportion The image compares accessibility to jobs between 2013 and 2017 (relative of the road capital spend percentage change), and effectively from 2013 to 2017 was presents two stories: within the west of the 1) An improvement in accessibility to country and this has jobs in the West related to recent resulted in improved investments in a number of schemes; employment accessibility 2) Ongoing traffic growth in the east, particularly on the for these areas. routes into Dublin has contributed to increased journey times and in turn slight reductions in accessibility to jobs in the Greater Dublin Area (excluding sections of the M11 corridor which were recently improved).

Difference in Despite the above, peripheral areas in Accessibility: North-West, West and South-west and South-East still tend to suffer from poor +10% accessibility to jobs as shown on Page 31.

-2%

*Assessment based on the change in accessibility to employment only as a result of the network investment. Employment levels have been held constant at 2011 levels as part of the assessment. Transport Infrastructure Ireland National Roads Network Indicators 2017 Transport Infrastructure Ireland Parkgate Business Centre Parkgate Street, Dublin 8 D08 DK10 T: +353 1 6463600 W: www.tii.ie