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Blue Jay, Vol.43, Issue 4

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Blue Jay, Vol.43, Issue 4 SKIPPERS AND BUTTERFLIES OF THE POLICE COULEE AREA, ALBERTA HAROLD W. PIN EL, 1017 - 19 Avenue N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2M 0Z8 and NORBERT G. KONDLA, Resource Evaluation and Planning Division, Alberta Energy and Natural Resources, 530 - 8 Street S., Lethbridge, Alberta. T1J 2J8 The study area of 36 mi.2 is Township 1, ty of moisture, and soil type are key factors Range 13, west of the Fourth Meridian. The influencing plant growth on a given site. Alberta - Montana boundary forms the The change from one plant community to southern border of the study area. The nor¬ another can be abrupt and well defined, or thern end of the study area is bordered by it may be gradual and intergrading. Figures special features such as the Milk River, 1 to 3 illustrate the topography and habitats Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park and Van of the study area. Cleeve Coulee. Bisecting the study area is the north-south running Police Creek and For discussing the butterflies, it is conve¬ its spectacular associated coulee system. nient to group the habitats into four major Rising from the plains are the scenic catergories: grasslands, bare and eroding Sweetgrass Hills of Montana, immediately slopes, shrub communities and riverine south of the study area. Elevation ranges forest. from 3140 to 4000 ft. The majority of the study area is featured Two ecoregions make up the study area. by an undulating upland plain, which The northern two-thirds of the land is becomes more rolling to the south as it classified as being in the Short Grass merges into the lower slopes of the Ecoregion, and the southern third as in the Sweetgrass Hills. Much of the upland plain Mixed Grass Ecoregion.9 This boundary is has been disturbed by cultivation and cat¬ based primarily on the soil boundary tle grazing. Mixed grassland occurs on the separating the Brown and Dark Brown upland plain, on older portions of the Chernozems. Visually, the boundary is floodplain, and on relatively stable coulee noticeable by the higher elevation and and valley slopes. Spear grasses (Stipa spp.), more luxuriant grass vegetation of the Mix¬ Blue Grama Grass (Bouteloua gracilis), June ed Grass Ecoregion. The area has a con¬ Grass (Koeleria cristata) and wheat grasses tinental prairie climate characterised by (.Agropyron spp.) are the dominant grasses. cold winters, warm summers, and low In the more xeric sites, Blue Grama Grass precipitation. The mean annual precipita¬ and Spear Grass (Stipa comata) are tion is 21 cm and sometimes as low as 17 predominant. In mesic areas, other species cm in the Short Grass region, while the Mix¬ of spear grasses and wheat grasses ed Grass Ecoregion has a mean of 26 cm dominate. and a low of 20 cm. The increased precipitation is due to the increased eleva¬ On dry exposed coulee edges, slopes and tion which increases upslope precipitation sandstone ledges, the following species are during an easterly flow. common: Creeping Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis), Moss Phlox (Phlox hoodii), A diverse landscape and an associated Musi neon (Musineon divaricatum), Cryp- variety of microenvironments are largely tanthe (Cryptantha nubigena), Smooth Blue responsible for the heterogeneity of the Beard-tongue (Penstemon nitidus), Butte vegetation. The degree and stability of Marigold (Hymenoxys acaulis), slope, exposure to wind and sun, availabili¬ Chamaerhodos (Chamaerhodos erecta), December 1985.43(4) 213 Figure 1. Aerial photo of study area (1:60,000) bladder pods (Lesquerella spp.), Yellow Willow (Elaeagnus commutata) and Prairie Violet (Viola nuttallii) and Prairie Buckbrush (Symphoricarpos occidentalis). Groundsel (Senecio canus). Shrub stands may be of a single species or a mixture of species. Shrub communities can be found in the river valley, in the coulee bottoms, and on protected slopes., In this area, they are The riverine forest dominated by cotton¬ highly variable and include willows (Salix woods (Populus sargentii) occurs in scat¬ spp.), Water Birch (Betula occidentalis), tered stands along the Milk River, and in Golden Currant (Ribes aureum), Skunk the major coulees. The main shrubs Bush (Rhus trilobata), Thorny Buffalo-berry associated with the riverine forest are (Shepherdia argentea), Chokecherry willows, Water Birch, Chokecherry, Thor¬ (Prunus virginiana), Wild Gooseberry (Ribes ny Buffalo-berry and Red Osier Dogwood oxyacanthoides), roses (Rosa spp.), Wolf {Cornus stolonifera). 214 Blue Jay Police Coulee H.W. PineI December 1985.43(4) 215 Annotated List Yellowpatch Skipper (Polites coras) - Occa¬ The following list is the result of field sional in disturbed grasslands: 15/7/83. observations and collections made by the To date, this is the most southeastern authors on 17 different days over a five-year record for Alberta period from 1980 to 1984. Dates indicating days for which specimen records are Tawny-edged Skipper (Polites themistocles) available are written in an abbreviated for¬ - Scarce in grasslands in the coulees: mat by day, month, year (e.g. 26/6/83 is 26 26/6/83. Outside of the Cypress Hills, June 1983). These are given only for the less this is the most southeastern record for common species. Included is data collected Alberta. by Wayne Smith, Felix Sperling and Terry Thormin. These records are acknowledged Long Dash (Polites mystic dacotah) - Un¬ by their initials following the collection date common in disturbed grasslands from 22 for those species for which dates are given. June to 27 July. For the more common species the flight period is noted by the first and last dates Delaware Skipper (Atrytone logan) - Occa¬ recorded with specimens sional in low shrubbery in coulees dur¬ ing July. These are the westernmost Most of the common names in the list are known records for Alberta. from Pyle.7 Scientific names generally follow Howe for genus, and Miller and Roadside Skipper (Amblyscirtes vial is) - Oc¬ Brown for species and subspecies.2 5 casional near shrubbery in coulees: 10/6/80 TT. H ESPERII DAE - Skippers Silver-spotted Skipper (Epargyreus clarus) - PAPILIONIDAE - Swallowtails Common in shrubbery in coulees and along the river from 10 June to 22 July. Old World Swallowtail (Papilio machaon dodi) - Occasional in grasslands during Northern Cloudywing (Thorybes pylades) May and July. - Occasional on prairie slopes 10 to 26 June. Anise Swallowtail {Papilio zelicaon) - Scarce in grasslands: 27/5/79 FS. There is a Afranius Dusky Wing {Erynnis afranius) - chance that this record is actually a Fairly common in grasslands during the hybrid with the Old World Swallowtail. last half of May and in late July. It has a round, unconnected anal pupil, but a fair amount of yellow on the Common Checkered Skipper (Pyrgus com¬ claspers (F. Sperling, pers. munis communis) - Uncommon in dry comm) grasslands: 23/8/76 WS, 7/8/80, 15/7/83. Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus canaden¬ sis) - Scarce in tall thickets in coulees: Garita Skipperling (Oarisma garita) - Fairly 26/6/83. common in moist grasslands from 10 June to 9 July. Two-tailed Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio multicaudadata) - Fairly common in Uncas Skipper (Hesperia uncas) - Occa¬ shrubbery in coulees from 10 June to 22 sional on dry grassy slopes: 22/6/80, July. 10/7/80. PIERIDAE - Whites, Sulphurs and Marbles Assiniboia Skipper (Hesperia comma assiniboia) - Occasional in grasslands: Western White (Pieris occidentalis) - Fairly 7/8/80. common in grasslands and along the 216 Blue Jay Tiger Swallowtails Larry Morgotch edges of coulees from 16 May to 8 LYCAENIDAE - Gossamer-winged August. Butterflies Cabbage White (Pieris rapae) - Common in Ruddy Copper (Lycaena rubidus) - Scarce; disturbed areas from 28 May to 7 one individual was collected on 11/7/80 August. in a shady area in Van Cleeve Coulee. Creamy Marblewing {Euchloe ausonides) - Purplish Copper (Lycaena helloides) - Un¬ Scarce in higher elevation grasslands in common along the Milk River and other June: 10 + 22/6/80. water courses: 10/6/80, 27/6/83. Olympia Marblewing (Euchloe olympia) - Occasional during the latter half of May Coral Hairstreak (Harkenclenus titus im- on bare slopes in the coulees: 28/5/81, maculosus) - Uncommon in shrub com¬ 16/5/82. munities in the coulees during July. These are the southeasternmost records Common Sulphur (Colias philodice for Alberta, excluding those for the eriphyle) - Common in disturbed areas Cypress Hills. from 6 May to 8 August. Acadian Hairstreak (Satyrium acadica) - Queen Alexandra's Sulphur (Colias alexan- Scarce; an individual was collected in dra alexandra) - Uncommon in native shrubbery along Police Creek 2.3/7/76 grasslands: 10/6/80, 7/8/80, 28/5/81. WS. December 1985.43(4) 217 Striped Hairstreak (Satyrium liparops) - Rustic Arctic Blue (Plebejus franklinii Scarce; an individual was recorded rustica) - Occasional in grasslands: 22/7/76 WS in low shrubbery in Police 26/6/83. This is one of the most Coulee. This is the southernmost known southeastern records for the province. record for Alberta. NYMPHALIDAE - Brush-footed Butterflies Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus) - Occa¬ sional in mixed grasslands on the coulee Variegated Fritillary (Euptoieta claudia) - hillsides during May and July: 22/7/76 Scarce in riverine forest; one 11/7/81. WS, 16/5/82. Great Spangled Fritillary (Speyeria cybele Western Tailed Blue (Everes amyntula leto) - Fairly common in shrub com¬ albrighti) - Occasional in shrub com¬ munities in coulees during July. munities in coulees and river valleys: 10/6/80, 26/6/83. Outside of the Cypress Aphrodite (Speyeria aphrodite) - Common Hills, these are some of the most in mixed grasslands and shrub com¬ southeastern reports for the province munities in the coulees during July and along with those reported for the lower August. The specimens are not like ssp. Milk River.4 manitoba from farther north. Generally they are larger and darker indicating Spring Azure (Celastrina ladon) - Occasional transition to ssp. ethne. in wooded areas of the coulees and river valley during May: 6/5/76 WS, 16/5/82.
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