7620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 Thomas I. Gunning Tom D. Parsons tude of prayer, we are beseeching Thee DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE John W. Haggerty, ill Raymond C. Paulson to lead us to the deep inner springs of APPROPRIATION BILL, 1953 Arthur J. Hale Roger W. Peard, Jr. wisdom and power. Wayne L. Hall Willard S. Peterson Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Robert T. Hardeman Charles R. Petty Grant that we may enter upon each unanimous consent to take from the Allen S. Harris Richard L. Prave new day with faith and courage, confi­ Speaker's desk the bill United States Marine Corps, ference. following: "That the first sentence of section Within the Department of the Navy, should The House bill provides authority for the 206 (c) of the National Security Act of 1947 tnclude not less than three full-strength Federal Civil Defense Administration to lease 1s hereby amended to read as follows: ..The combat divisions, three full-strength air real estate. Heretofore, subsections 201 (e) United States Marine Corps, within the De­ wings and supporting units which were or­ and (h), Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, partment of the Navy, shall be so organized ganic thereto. The House version further have restricted the Administrator from ac­ as to include not less than three combat provided a personnel floor of 220,000 regular quiring any land or buildings or any interest divisions and three air wings, and such other enlisted personnel and prescribed that the therein without specific authorization of land combat, aviation, and other services as authorized enlisted strength of the active Congress. J.llay be organic therein, and except in time list of the regular Marine Corps should be The Senate amended the bill by striking of war or national emergency hereafter de­ not more than 400,000, such ceiling to be all after the enacting clause and inserting clared by the Congress the personnel strength suspended during time of war or national the following language: of the Regular Marine Corps shall be main­ emergency declared by the Congress. "That, in accordance with the provisions tained at not more than four hundred The House version further prescribed the of subsection 201 (h) of the Federal Civil thousand.' formula for computing the commissioned Defense Act of 1950 (64 Stat. 1249; 50 U.S. C. "SEC. 2. Section 211 (a) of the National Se­ strength of the active list of the regular App. 2281), the Federal Civil Defense Ad­ curity Act of 1947 (61 stat. 505), as amended, Marine Corps and provi. ded that such ministrator is hereby authorized to acquire is hereby further amended by adding at the strength would be attained not later than by lease or license, for civil defense purposes, tmd thereof the following new paragraph: 24 months after the date of enactment of not to exceed a total of three hundred and " 'The Commandant of the Marine Corps the legislation. Obviously there were sub­ fourteen thousand gross square feet of ware­ shall indicate to the Chairman of the Joint stantial differences in the two versions of house space situated in or near the follow­ Chiefs of Staff any matter scheduled for con­ section 1 of the b1ll. ing places: Sikeston, Missouri; Zanesv11le, sideration by the Joint Chiefs of Staff which The agreement reached by the conferees Ohio; Downingtown, Pennsylvania; and Paw directly concerns the United States Marine on the different provisions governing Marine Paw, West Virginia." Corps. Unless the Secretary of Defense, upon Corps personnel provides that the Marine The Senate amendment would have granted request from the Chairman of the Joint Corps, within the Department of the Navy, author•ty to lease only four specific ware­ Chiefs of Staff for a determination, deter­ shall be so organized as to include not less houses and in the future the Civil Defense mines that such matter does ~ not concern than three combat divisions and three air Administration, when desirous of leasing the United States Marine Corps, the Com­ ~.rings, and such other land combat, aviation, space, would have been required to obtain mandant of the Marine Corps shall meet and other services as may be organic thereto, specific congressional authority for each with the Joint Chiefs of Staff when such and except in time of war or national emer­ transaction. matter is under consideration by them and gency hereafter declared by the Congress, the The Senate conferees agreed that the Sen­ on such occasiQn and with respect to such personnel strength of the regular Marine ate language was too restrictive and that the matter the Commandant of the Marine Corps Corps shall be maintained at not more than House bill should prevail. The Senate re­ shall have co-equal status with the mem­ 400,000. The net result of this action is that cedes. bers of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.' the three Marine Corps dl visions and three The Senate also amended the title of the "SEc. 3. Section 2 (b) of the Act of AprU air wings are to be combat divisions and bill to conform with the Senate amending 18, 1946 ( 60 Stat. 92), is hereby repealed." air wings but the "full strength" require­ language. As amended by the Senate, the And the House agree to the same. ment of the House version has been deleted. title would read: CARL VINSON, The numerical floor of 220,000 regular en­ "A bill to authorize the Federal Civil De­ OVERTON BROOKS, listed personnel has likewise been deleted. fense Administrator to acquire, by lease or CARL T. DURHAM, How.ever, the section states that there will be license, warehouse space for civil defense DEWEY SHORT, not less than three combat divisions and purposes at Sikeston, Missouri; Zanesville, LESLIE C. ARENDS, three air wings and while the numerical Ohio; Downingtown, Pennsylvania; and Paw Managers on the Part of the House. floor of 220,000 has been deleted, it is the Paw, West Virginia, respectively." ES'tES KEFAUVER, obvious intent of the language that the Inasmuch as the Senate agreed to accept JOHN C. STENNIS, minimum divisions and wings prescribed in the House version of the bill, there no longer RUSSELL LoNG, the section will be maintained at whatever existed any necessity for a change in the LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, strength the Congress may determine title of the bill as it passed the House. The RALPH E. FLANDERS, through the appropriations which it grants Senate recedes. Managers on the Part of the Senate. 1n support of Marine Corps personnel. CARL VINSON, H~retofore the Uni.ted States Marine COrps CARL T. DURHAM, STATEMENT has had no statutory organization in the DEWEY SHORT, normally a-ccepted sense of the word. Marine Managers on the Part oj the House. The managers on the part of the House at the conference on the disagreeing votes of Corps proponents have consistently ex­ pressed the fear that they would be reduced is the two Houses on the amendment of the The SPEAKER. The question on House to the bill ( S. 677) to fix the personnel to and maintained as regimental combat the conference report. strength of the United States Marine Corps, teams or even units of less size and impor­ The conference report was agreed to. and to establish the relationship of. the Com­ tance. When it is recognized that the Ma­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the mandant of the Marine Corps to the Joint rine Corps personnel had decreased to a total table. Chiefs of Staff, submit the following state­ of approximately 70,000 at the time of the ment in explanation of the effect of the ac­ outbreak of the Korean war, their fears are tion agreed upon by the conferees and recom­ understandable. As a result of the confer­ FIXING THE PERSONNEL STRENGTH mended in the accompanying conference ence agreement the Marine Corps is assured, OF THE UNITED STATES MARINE report: for the first time in its history, of a division organizational structure. The 400,000 per­ CORPS LEGISLATION IN CONFERENCE sonnel ceiling which appeared in the original Mr. VINSON submitted the following S. 677, a bill to fix the personnel strength provisions of both the Se.nate and House bills conference report and statement on the of the United States Marine Corps and to es­ and remains in the conference agreement is bill Texas. Mr. cases for our constituents, I would feel Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex~ of military men the Democrat admini­ very differently about it. Under the stration under the banner of economy tend my remarks at this point in the present circumstances, I cannot give RECORD. them their day in court. imposed one cut after another on our The SPEAKER. Is there objection to air forces. the request of the gentleman from Of course, everybody was for economy. Texas? SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED If the air strength of the United States There was no objection. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts asked could be cut safely-and the President Mr. THOMPSON of Texas. Mr. and was given permission to address the said it could-most people favored the Speaker, I take this opportunity to clear House today for 5 minutes, following the cuts. up, for the benefit of my colleagues and legislative business Of t!'1e day and any Acting for the President, Secretary of any~e else interested, any questions as other special orders her_etofore entered. Defense Johnson claimed that he was m why I did not vote for the bill merely cutting "fat" off the military and H. R. 7800. In the first place, Members · that the muscle was left unharmed. . of the House must realize that by the ST. LAWRENCE RIVER POWER Military units were disbanded, orders time my name was called on the record Mr. KILBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask were canceled, and badly needed mili­ vote, the bill had carried with an over­ unanimous. consent to include at this tary equipment was denied the men who whelming majority; therefore my vote, point in the RECORD a short letter to the should have been training to use it. which was m&rely a protest; could not President. Many flying officers were grounded, keep the beneficiar:ies of the social-secu­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to many Reserve officers were sent home rity system from reaping the meager the request of the gentleman from New from active duty, and skilled technicians benefits which the bill provided. York? of many years of service were fired from I have no desire to criticize the mem­ There was no objection. the military installations where their bers of the Ways and Means Committee, (The letter is as follows: ) services were so badly needed. who undoubtedly did their best under All of these things were done under the circumstances. However, from my CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, the pretense that only luxuries were be­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ing eliminated. own constituents who are directly af­ Wa§hington, D. C., June 19, 1952. fected I have received many complaints, The PRESIDENT, But the luxuries continued. The and in responding to them I have The White House. bureaucrats, the five percenters, the ac­ promised the quickest possible remedial MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I was greatly dis­ tivities to curry favor of local communi­ action. appointed, as I know you were, with the ties flourished without interruption. 7626 _ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 Meanwhile the happy economizers called in from his post at Columbia Uni­ had already been reduced to $13,600,000,- chopped away at the bone and sinew of versity to help effect an agreement 000 for all military activities. He told our military strength in order to have among the services on a heavily cut the comrr..ittee: "In the world situation, more money to spare in the budget for budget in 1949. 48 well-equipped regular groups, and New Deal schemes and other socialistic In his typical role as a "welder," Eisen­ some dozen in the National Guard, would projects designed to keep the admini­ hower simply tried to keep everybody probably be a safe minimum." st.ration in power. happy regardless of consequences. In The world situation at that time was Today, when our best jet fighters are order to get agreement on the budget that which immediately preceded the outr..umbered 5 to 1 in Korea, it seems he presided over the Joint Chiefs of Staff Korean war. After 5 months of combat incredible that men who carried so heavy while the allocations were split almost in this war, General MacArthur did not a responsibility would be so positive in equally among the three services. For have sufficient planes at his disposal to their assurances·that adequate air power this he gave the prestige of his name risk bombing Manchuria, according to was being provided. In order to make and record to the emasculated budget the testimony · of General Vandenberg, sure that their actions would not be which he and all conscientious military the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. criticized, the strictest gag rule was men knew could not provide adequate Yet this was the same Air Force that placed upon military men of all defense. General Eisenhower had declared ade­ branches. It was made quite clear to On June 17, 1949, he passed the word quate. t!1e top military men that their appoint­ to the Joint Chiefs of Staff that the mil­ Thus, the administration was able .to ment to higher position would be far itary budget would be limited to $14,- · employ General Eisenhower to cover up more likely if they backed the admin­ 000,000,000 to be divided among the three its fatal gambling with our security. istration's views on false economy. Mili­ services. The strength of the Air Force, The public, and to a large extent even tary expenditures gave way to spending he told them, was set at 57 groups, and the Congress, had been fooled. How for socialistic schemes. It was -the the Navy carrier strength was reduced could a man who undoubtedly knew tempo of the time. from 8 to 6. The services replied within what the Communists were building MILITARY LEADERS SERVED AS STALKING HORSES a few days that these forces could not be against us say that so small a force was provided under the monetary ceiling he adequate, even for a very small war, Military leaders, who had long served had given. as a stalking horse for the State Depart­ much less for a big war that might even ment whenever it wished to announce Consequently, on June 21, Eisenhower yet lead to the devastation of our some new scheme for foreign aid, now sent a memorandum to the Chairman of country? became an advocate of budget slicing. the Budgeii Advisory Committee direct­ The answer is easy. The general is General Bradley helped to influence the ing the Committee to restudy the figures famed among his military associates as Congress against voting more funds for and reduce the strength of the military a great diplomat--as a man who is able air power"than the administration would services to bring them within the budget to please everybody at once-regardless approve. He stated that a defense bud­ ceiling he had previously given. Gen­ of the issues. He is known as the great get of more than $14,000,000,000 would eral Eisenhower's memorandum con­ welder. General Eisenhower as Chief of bankrupt the country and reassured tained the following sentence: Staff solved the budget problem not by everyone that the Communists were not You may attempt jointly to agree upon a any great strategy or even by any great likely to cause us any immediate · trou­ revised recommendation for reduced sums influence but simply by splitting the ble. He did this despite the fact that a for aircraft procurement. budget equally among the three services few months previously he had signed a The same memorandum stated that and thereby getting an agreement. As a document informing the Secretary -of the annual flying hours should be re­ result, largely on Eisenhower's advice, Defense that if · the budget were cut duced by each service just as low as it the United States now finds, its Armed below $18,000,000,000 the United States could be reduced without causing an Forces in pitiful shape to fight the Ko­ would be in no military position to carry increased number of accidents, and also rean war. The statements I have made out its world-wide commitments. that pilot training should be cut down. are not mere hearsay or conjecture. While false assurances were fairly con­ The first proposal was called Eisen­ They are well documented and are part vincing to the general public, they did hower plan No. 1. of the graphic history of this country in not fool Members of Congress who were The second proposal for cutting the those months prior to the Korean war wise in the ways of New Deal-ish poli­ Air Force and the Naval Air arm was when a few of our top military men­ ticians. Against these false assurances officially referred to as Eisenhower plan notably General Eisenhower-were will­ and false economies recommended in No. 2. It cut the Air Force from the 57 ing to sell themselves to the administra­ the defense budget by the administra­ groups to 50 groups, and cut the Navy tion in order to give popular and pleas­ tion, the Eightieth Congress authorized from 6 carriers to 4. ant assurances to the American people an Air Force of 70 groups and provided These terrific cuts in the Nation's air that their defenses were ready for any funds for these groups only to hear the strength, just a year before the Korean attack. President and his military advisers say war began, were sold to the Congress as THE GENERAL'S ROLE IN DEFENSE DRAMA a 48-group Air Force was enough and the Eisenhower budget. They were ac­ The blast of pubiic indignation that then refused to use the money Congress cepted, to a large extent, because they followed the exposure of our military had provided for that purpose. The carried the then magic Eisenhower name .weakness in the Korean war blew the Eightieth Congress authorized an ex­ with them. General Eisenhower had Secretary of Defense out of office and will panded Naval air program, including a lent his name and his professional repu­ remove the administration res onsible super aircraft carrier upon which work tation to the project of slashing the Na­ in the elections in November. The•es• had begun and then ordered· stopped at tion's air strength at a time when Com­ sential part played by General Eisen-. a. dead loss of twenty million. Also, the munist air strength was being increased hower in this tragic drama has largely Eightieth Congress fixed the size of our by leaps and bounds. But this was not been overlooked. · He was rewarded for Armed Forces at 2,040,000 men and pro­ all the damage done· by Eisenhower, who his backing of the untimely cuts that vided ample funds to support those stoutly protests he is a "friend of air wrecked our defense and our air strength forces. The Eightieth Congress was far power. by the job in Europe that kept him in ahead of the President and his advisers One year later the administration the public eye. in preparing for the national defense. again needed Eisenhower's help to -put But when we listen today to his as­ GENERAL EISENHOWER CALLED IN TO BACK over its gamble with the the security of surances about future $40,000,000,000 DEFENSE CUTS the Nation. cuts in the budget and his great op­ In an effort to allay the fears and sus­ GENERAL EISENHOWER SAID 48 GROUP SAFE timism concerning how he can bring picions of Members of Congress that MINIMUM peace to the world and settle all our great risks were being taken in cutting In March of 1950--on March 29 to be problems so cheaply, let us remember our military strength, and particularly exack-General Eisenhower was called that just 3 years ago his great strategy the ·air power, it was necessary to use before a congressional committee and was simply to split the budget three ways the prestige of top military men to back questioned about the adequacy of the 48- and that just 2 years ago he was assur­ up these cuts; General Eisenhower was group Air Force under a ~udget which ing the Congress and the public that 48 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE ,7627; air groups were sufficient for the present "tion Act of ·1950; as amended, and 'the tute any violation of the order currently world situation. - Housing and Rent Act of 1947, as in effect. Two years later we have 91 air groups amended. · While this paragraph does not men­ but still we do not have enough to dare The motion was agreed to. tion the wood treating and preserving to cross the Yalu River even thou.gh Accordingly the House resolved itself industry, it seems to me that the wood Americans are being killed almost every into the Committee of the Whole House treating and preserving industry should day by planes coming from the other on the State of the Union for the further be included in this paragraph of the side of th at river. General Eisenhower . consideration of the bill H. R. 8210, with committee report, along with lumber dis­ has never been a politician and certainly Mr. MILLs in the chair. tributors. The wood treating and pre­ he has never been a statesman. His The Clerk read the title of the bill. serving industry is in the same situa­ p restige is based largely upon his suc­ The CHAIRMAN. When the Commit­ tion in practically every respect with cess as a military man in World War II. tee rose on yesterday the Clerk had read reference to this question as the lumber B ut it is world war III which may have the first section ·of the bill. If there are distributors or wood forest products dis­ already begun that concerns us now no amendments to this section, the Clerk tributors. The lumber distributors buy a nd before we select the great general will read. wood forest products, that is, t imber, and to keep us out of war, this time, let us Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Chair­ the wood treating and preserving indus­ reexamine the record of his advice and man, I move to strike out the last word. try buys timber, which they convert to his influence in the weal{ening of our Mr. Chairman, I have requested this finished products such as poles, cross s trength which led to the Korean war time so that I might ask the chairman ties, cross arms, and so forth. That in­ and which after 2 years of struggle of the Banking and Currency Committee dustry buys all of its raw materials. It leaves us still unable to win that war. · a question. On page 28 of the commit­ does not produce any of it. With ref­ P ossibly more than those bf any other tee rep.ort on House bill H. R. 8210, there erence to the prices they were charging one man, Eisenhower's views are re­ is a paragraph under the caption "Cer­ during their base period, the wood treat­ flected in our present Defense Establish­ tain technical violations," which reads ing and preserving industry accumulated ment. as folloyvs: that inventory anywhere from 5 months Your committee has received several com­ to a year prior to that time, from the raw materials. It therefore does not SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED plaints concerning the general ceiling price regulation affecting lumber distributors in reflect at all the cost of raw materials Mr. O'KONSKI asked and was given southern areas with respect to which your · now being used. That industry is in the permission to address the House today committee believes relief must be afforded. same position substantially as the wood for 1 hour, following the legislative busi­ The general ceiling price regulation was is· forest products distributors or wholesal­ ness of the day and any other special sued in January 1951 shortly after the gen­ ers, in that they had to replace in­ orders heretofore entered. eral price freeze. The provisions of the reg­ ulation as it affected such distributors was ventory during the base period for ambiguous in many respects, and attempts deliveries a few months thereafter at were immediately made to bring this to the · much higher prices. CALL OF THE HOUSE attention of the agency. However, a period The agency has not as yet, I under­ Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. of a year elapsed before a new regulation stand, promulgated the regulation yet Speaker, I make the point of order that was issued correcting and clarifying the for the wood treating and preserving in­ a quorum is not present. matters complained of. During this period dustry. They have been working on it, it is the understanding of your committee The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum is there were some technical violations of the trying to get it pushed through. It has not present. general ceiling price regulation of a nonwill­ been prepared, but not yet promulgated. . Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ful character. Such technical violations In view of the similarity in the situation move a call of the House. . would not be violations of the order now of these two industries, the lumber dis­ A call of the House was ordered. in effect and but for the long period of time tributors and wood treating and },:reserv­ T he Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ it took to issue the current order would ing industry, I would like to ask the lowing Members failed to a.nswer to their probably never have occurred. It is not the · chairman if he does not think that this intention of your committee to condone will­ industry, namely wood preservers sell­ names: ful violations of any price regulation or order [Roll No. 108] in this instance or any other. But in view ing pressure and nonpressure treated Aandahl Evins Powell of the circumstances of these cases it is the forest products, should also be included Abernethy Fen ton Prouty in this paragraph along · with lumber Albert Frazier Reed, Ill. opinion of your committee that there should Allen, La. Gore Richards be no prosecution of technical viol~tions, distributors? · Anfuso Hebert Sa bath which were nonwillful, and which would not Mr. SPENCE. I believe the wood Bates, Ky. Heffernan Sasscer constitute any violation of the order cur­ treating and preserving industry is Beall Herter Scott, rently in effect. Beckworth Hope Hugh D., Jr. within the spirit of that direction and J3ender Kilday Shafer This paragraph points out that the that they will not be supject to the J3uckley McVey Stanley provision of the regulation as it affected penalties, imposed. If, because of the J3urdick Mack, Ill. Steed obscurity or indefiniteness of the act, Butler Morris Stigler such distributors-and the paragraph Carlyle Murdock Sutton mentions lumber distributors-was am­ they were not able to know their rights Carnahan Murphy Tackett biguous in many respects, and that at­ and they were violated without any in­ (Jeller Norblad Thomas tention, I think they are exempt. I' Chatham Patman Welch · tempts were immediately made to bring Clemente Patten Wickersham this to the attention of the .agency. It think they come within the spirit of that Cole. N.Y. Phillips Wigglesworth further points out that a period of a year law, and would be exempt. Dawson Pickett Wilson, Ind. elapsed before a new regulation was is· Mr. DAVIS of -, Georgia. I thank the l>ingell Poulson sued correcting and clarifying the mat­ gentleman. I simply wanted to ask that The SPEAKER. . On. this roll call, 367 ters complained of, and that during that question· for the purpose of getting it Memb3rs have answered-to their names, period the committee understands that . into the RECORD. a· quorum . there was some technical violations ·of I thank you. • By unanimous consent, further pro­ the general ceiling price regulation, The CHAIRMAN. · The time of the ceedings under the call were dispensed which were not violations of a willful gentleman of Georgia has expired. with. character.- Such technical violations The Clerk read as follows: would not now be violations of the order TITLE !_:_AMENDMENTS TO DEFENSE. PRODUC­ TION ACT OF 1950, AS AMENDED · DEFENSE PRODUCTION ACT subsequently issued, and the committee points out that except for the long period SEC. 101. Saction 101 of the Defense Pro­ AMENDMENTS OF 1952 of time it took to issue the current order, duction Act of 1950, as amended, is hereby Mr. SPENCE: Mr. Speaker, I move · such technical violations probably never amended by adding at the end thereof the following new · sentence: "Nor shall any re­ that the House resolve itself 1nto the would have occurred. The committee ·striction br other limitation be established Committee of the Whole House on the recommends under the circumstances or maintained upon the species, type, or State of the Union for the further con­ that there should be no prosecution of .grade .of livestock killed by any slaughterer, sideration of the bill . 7636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 Mr. BOW. Mr. Chairman, the Inter­ peared before tp~ Senate Banking Com­ That language is crystal clear. If ad­ national Materials Conference evolved mittee on May 15, 1952, h~ was asked: ditional proof is needed, it is another from a meeting in December 1950 be­ Under what authority does the IMO, f?O ~ar sentence in the same release, which tween President Truman and Clement as American participation is concerned, op­ reads: Attlee, then Socialist Prime Minister of erate? In accepting the distribution plans, gov­ Great Britain. It is now a formal world­ Mr. Fleischmann replied: ernments assume the responsib11ity for see­ ing that their allocations are not exceeded:_:~ wide body with 28 non-Communist na­ It operates first under the authority of the tions as members. The IMC functions Defense Production Act, and secondly under There is nothing voluntary about through a headquarters organization the authority of the President to conduct that-especially to the many thousands called the central group and seven stand­ foreign affairs. of American men and women who have ing committees. The committees are: Then Mr. Fleischmann was asked: been thrown out of jobs because of IMC. copper, zinc, and lead; sulfur; tung­ This was made plain in testimony be­ sten and molybdenum; manganese, The second one has nothing to do with the fore the House Newsprint Subcommittee nickel, and cobalt; cotton ahd cotton Defense Production Act. If you had no De­ fense Production Act, could you have op­ on February 8, 1951, by Theodore L. linters; wool; pulp and paper. erated the IMC as you did? Sweet. Mr. Sweet bore the titles of Chief The committees have placed the fol­ of the Combined Materials Branch of lowing basic materials under alloca­ Mr. Fleischmann replied: ECA and United States representative tion-sulfur, tungsten, molybdenum, No, sir; it could not be made effective. on the sulphur committee of IMC. He copper, zinc, nickel, an:d cobalt. Zinc al­ First, it is seen that Mr. Fleischmann's was asked by Representative JAMES I. locations were dropped on May 29, 1952, answer was considerably different from DoLLIVER of Iowa: but the others are still in effect. In ad­ Your particular group- dition, so-called emergency allocations Mr. McFall's. of newsprint have. been made to a num­ Second, the Congress never intended The IMC's sulphur committee- ber of individual nations. that the powers conferred on the Presi:­ does not undertake to say what shall be done; dent by the Defense Production Act you merely suggest what should be done? The effect of establishing allocation should be used to carry out the orders of systems is to tell the United States and IMC. Such a use of the Defense Produc­ Mr. Sweet replied: other nations-member and nonmem­ tion Act was not mentioned in the debate They make recommendations to the gov­ ber-the amount of each material it may regarding the bill and was never fore­ ernments. Naturally, since the governments consume. Thus, IMC is in control of a seen by the Congress. The powers con­ have representatives on the committees, the considern.ble portion of the resources ferred on the President were intended to representatives are not supposed to make and activities of the non-Communist recommendations which they do not think serve an entirely different purpose, and the governments will accept. world. those powers have been misappropriated THE LEGAL ISSUE by the President. The IMC, too, has inadvertently ex­ From the standpoint of IMC's legality, Legally, then, IMC boils down to this: ploded the argument that its allocations there are two main issues: First. IMC is, from the standpoint of are voluntary. Its report on operations, First. Is there any legal standing, un­ the United States, an extra-legal organi­ covering the period February 26, 1951- der American law, for United States par­ zation. March 1, 1952, says: . ticipation in IMC? Second. United States participation, Each country is entitled to 1 vote, a ma­ Second. Are the powers conferred on through the device of the Defense Pro­ jority of the members of a committee con­ the President by the Defense Production duction Act, is a shocking misappropria­ stituting a quorum. Act being misused by him in implement­ tion of Presidential powers. If all these doings are voluntary, why ing domestically the global decisions be­ Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, will the necessity for voting, except to deter­ ing made by IMC? the gentleman yield? mine whether there is unanimity? NO AUTHOJUTY FOR IMC Mr. BOW. I yield to the gentleman The IMC report goes on: from Indiana. Formal recommendations are made to The :first question about IMC from a Mr. HALLECK. May I cite in corrob­ legal viewpoint is simply this: Was it member governments in writing by unani­ oration of that point that the report of mous consent of the members of the com­ ever authorized by the Congress? the operation of the IMC states: mittees. If unanimity cannot be reached on The answer was stated in a letter The committees were created as autono­ a point, a majority recommendation or re­ dated January 24, 1952, from Assistant mous bodies in the interest of expediting ac- . port may be made, accompanied, if so re­ Secretary of State Jack K. McFall, to tion and allowing the countries which were quested, by an adequate presentation of Representative HAMER H. BUDGE, of principally concerned with the commodi­ minority views. Idaho: ties in question to deal with the problems Again, if all this is voluntary, how can There is no specific statutory authority for involved without being subject to review by any other body. there be a majority and a minority? the participation of the United States in this An article in the London Economist, conference (IMC), as it is one of the many In other words, not even the Congress activities carried out in furtherance of the December 29, 1951, that was highly foreign policy of the United States. of the United States could review the de­ friendly to IMC, cites two instances of terminations made. IMC actions that were anything but What Mr. McFall is saying in effect is Mr. BOW. The gentleman is correct. voluntary to some of the co·.. mtries con­ that the President has unlimited au­ IS IMC VOLUNTARY? cerned. One of the examples: thority to do as he pleases so long as he A frequent answer to criticism of The significant point about the tungsten is dealing with foreign nations. United States participation in the In­ allocation was that a recommendation was The President has indeed stretched ternational Materials Conference is that passed by a majority vote instead of being the. concept of his powers to extreme IMC actions are purely voluntary. This, unanimous. For the allocations in the last lengths. It was only a few weeks ago 3 months of this year, the [IMC allocation] I submit, is just the opposite of the committee recommended that the price for- ' that . the Supreme Court of the United truth. States rejected the theory that the Presi­ mula should be retained. Bolivia, a tungsten As far as the Truman administration producer, objected, but the objection was dent possesses inherent powers beyond is concerned, IMC pronouncements have defeated on a vote. the Constitution and declared that the the force of law. In fact, they are obeyed President has only the powers that are much more literally than many of the The assertion that IMC decisions are granted to him by the Constitution and statutes that have been enacted by the voluntary is a false and unscrupulous the Congress. Yet, in the case of the United States Congress. piece of propaganda that will fool no one International Materials Conference, the We need only look at the IMC release who looks into its operations. President has taken a leading part in or­ of December 20, 1951, announcing copper A S-m'ERCARTEL WITH UNLIMITED POWER ganizing a body that was never author­ allocations. This release speaks of "en­ The powers which the IMC has be­ ized by the Congress, and his adminis­ titlements for consumption" and defines stowed upon itself are staggering. For tration has participated in all of the an "entitlement" as follows: example, the article in the London Econ­ activities of that body. The amount of metal which may be proc­ omist states: When Manly Fleischmann, then De­ essed or consumed by the country concerned, Both in membership and in territorial ex­ fense Production Administrator, ap- either from domestic production or imports. tent, the IMC is larger than such organs of 1952 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7637 cooperation as the Organization for European cution for violation of the antitrust laws. promise, the very intergovernmental Economic Cooperation and the North Atlantic­ But those practices, when conducted by cartels proposed by ITO have come into Treaty Organization. Its organization is as loose and fiexible as that of the British Com­ IMC, are vociferously defended and ·being through the IMC. monwealth and its constitution almost as ardently blessed by the Truman admin- THE ROLE OF THE U. N. unwritten. It relied, not on legal formulas istration. ., The United Nations, like the State but on the will to cooperate. It is clear to me that the IMC is re­ Department, has been busily promoting pugmint to American tradition and the The IMC's report on operations puts the idea of supercartels. As Senator spirit of American law, and that the FERGUSON has shown, the U.N. established it even more explicitly with the state­ countries who have prompted cartels i:n ment that the IMC's seven commodity in 1947 an Interim Coordinating Com­ the past are the countries now mired in· mittee for International Commodity Ar­ committees "were created as autonomous economic stagnation. Let us learn from bodies, without being subject to review 'rangements to lay the groundwork for their experience and recognize the IMC this pet project. To give an idea of the ­ by any other body." supercartel for the sure death it is to Thus, it is seen that the IMC is liter­ our system. kind of thinking represented on this U.N. ally a power unto itself and that any committee, Senator Ferguson quoted the legal formulas that might place some SIMILAR PROGRAM REJECTED TWICE BY following from its 1951 report in regard restraint on its actions are regarded as CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES to tea: quaint relics of the past. The IMC is t)le brainchild of the The present tea agreement covers the four The IMC report on operations con­ United States State Department. . producing countries of Ceylon, India, Indo­ tinues: Back in 1947 the Senate Finance Com­ nesia, and Pakistan. The agreement regu­ mittee was holding hearings on a charter lates the acreage to be devoted to tea and The seven commodity committees are re­ for the proposed International Trade prohibits the export of tea-planting material sponsible for considering methods of estab­ to countries not party to the agreement. lishing a better balance between supply and Organization. As Senator HoMER FER­ demand of certain strategic materials and GUSON, of Michigan, has pointed out, this · This quotation shows that U. N.-spon­ recommending to the governments con­ body was to have a program remarkably sored cartels are the same as any other cerned ·the specific action which should be similar to the present program of the cartel-they are devoted to restricting taken in the case of each commodity, in IMC, with so-called intergovernmental production and freezing th,e status quo. order to expand production, increase avail­ commodity arrangements filling the role ability, conserve supplies, and assure the Various U.N. bodies have taken addi­ most effective distribution and utilization of now played by the IMC's entitlements tional actions in behalf of international supplies of materials among the consuming for consumption. commodity deals, but it is sufficient here lC ... countries. Within this framework they may One of the witnesses before the Senate to quote from a booklet titled ''Measures consider any aspect of existing shortage prob­ committee was William Taylor Phillips, for International Economic Stability,'' lems for. the commodities under their Acting Chief of the International Re­ review. published by the U. N. Department of sources Division of the State Depart­ Economic Affairs in 1951. The authors What this means, in so many words, ment. Testifying -on the o'1igin of the are stated to be a group of experts ap­ is that IMC may do as it pleases regard­ intergovernmental commodity arrange­ pointed by the Secretary General. ing the essential materials under its con­ ·ments, Mr. Phillips was asked whether The report recommends a series of trol. With this power the IMC is in a they were a definite part of the State commodity arrangements of various position to be the absolute czar over the Department policy. He replied: types as a means of keeping short-term economies, the na tiona! income, and the Yes. sir. It is not only the Department's movements of primary product prices, living standards of the non-Communist policy, but, as you know, it has been approved by the other Government agencies that were both upward and downward, within rea­ countries. engaged in compiling it, getting it together, sonable bounds, and of· helping to sta­ Does this make I:MC a cartel of far thinking it out. It has gradually merged bilize the ·international :fiow of cur­ greater magnitude than any in previous over a period of years. This particular rencies. history? Of course it does. When Mr. chapter first appeared in the proposals; then Among the main types of possible ar­ Fleischmann appeared before the Senate in the United States suggested charter; then rangements mentioned in the report are Banking Committee on March 21, 1952, in the London draft; and more recently in agreements covering maximum produc­ he denied the IMC is a cartel. But then the New York draft-with, I think, -the im­ tion quotas, maximum export quotas, he went on to give the following defini­ portant provisions unchanged, or relatively unchanged. maximum import quotas, minimum and tion of a cartel : maximum prices, and buffer stock As I understand cartels in the legal .sense, Shortly after, Senator EUGENE MILLI• ·schemes. they refer to agreements among both .Pro­ KIN, of Colorado, committee chairman, How would such an all-embracing car­ ducers and consumers as to what they will do. requested reassurance from the State De­ tel be set up? Very simply; it is already The above quotations from the IMC partment on the question of congres- in existence. The report says: report prove this is precisely what IMC . sional approval of such internatio~ · ·· · We do not believe that any new interna­ does. Some IMC agreements go far be­ agreements. Dean Acheson, then Acl tional agency to administer a comprehensive yond questions of allocation. For in­ Secretary of State and now Secretary . ~ scheme for a range of different commodities stance, IMC has attempted to impose di­ State, replied as follows on April 15, is necessary or practicable. The arrange­ rect controls on the price of tungsten. 1947: ments needed differ from commodity to com­ Insofar as such commodity agreements im­ modity, and must be worked out and put into The IMC report on operations states effect by the countries mainly concerned in that in imposing an allocation plans for pose any obligations on the United States requiring legislative implementation in any each case. Coordination of general structure the third quarter of 1951, "an arrange­ way, it is the intention of the Department an<:l policy amongst the various schemes is ment was introduced whereby the spot­ that they should be submitted to the important, but international bodies-such as purchase price of tungsten was to be not Congress. the Interim Coordinating Committee for In­ less than $55 f. o. b. per short ton unit ternational Commodity Arrangement and the and not higher. than $65." United States participation in IMC International Materials Conference-already It is ironic that each time the ques­ does require legislative implementation­ exist and can be used for this purpose. tion of price control comes before the by the Defense Production Act-yet the With such clear-cut evidence, who can United States Congress, there is pro­ IMC's commodity agreements have never doubt that the IMC is intended to longed, wide-open debate before a de­ been submitted to Congress. Nor was fit into a much larger pattern for cision is reached. But IMC has imposed any approving legislation reported fol­ turning over gigantic powers to world­ world-wide price control· by holding se­ lowing the Senate committee hearings. wide organizations who will be responsi­ cret meetings and telling the public In 1950, the House Foreign Affairs ble only to themselves? Coulp this be nothing of its deliberations. Committee took up the final draft of the the pattern for world socialism? ITO charter, which had been written in If a group of private individuals or THE ROLE OF Tl:IE STATE DEPARTMENT companies in the United States ever had Habana. This committee too declined the temerity to engage, even on a small to recommend approval of the ITO I have shown above that the State. sc'ale, in the kind of market-splitting, charter. Department is primarily responsible for price-fixing, and other monopolistic Yet today, despite the refusal of two taking the United States into IMC. The practices of the IMC kind, they would congressional committees to accept the State Department's avid interest in IMC promptly be subject to criminal prose- ITO charter and despite Mr. Acheson's continues down to this moment. IMC's 7638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 1.9 offices in washington were in a State tion with their fourth quarter allocations, change from peace to all-out preparedness Department building for a time. IMC's to recognize, in principle, the requirements conditions. In fact, it can continue to de­ for strategic stockpile .purposes; but, in view vote itself largely to normal civilian produc­ telephone number in Washington, Re­ of the tight supply, they recommended a tion. . It is not surprising therefore that public 5600, .is the number of the State special allowance for such requirements in some see France in the role of a beneficiary Department. The first important speech the plans for copper, zinc, al.d cobalt, only of the present world situation. defending IMC was the one made by Ed­ to the extent of a small percentage of con­ mund Getzin, Office of Materials Policy, sumptlon during a given base period. In the The article goes on to point out the of the State Department, in New York case of commodities where the shortage was one thing missing if France was to con­ on February 19, 1952. more acute (nickel, tungsten, and molyb- tinue to be a beneficiary of the present When Mr. Sweet appeared before the . denum), the committees were unable to world situation: House Newsprint Subcommittee on Feb­ . recommend any special allowance for stock­ The obstacle which would have to be over­ piling. In the allocation plans for the first come is not so much a shortage of la­ ruary 8, 1951, he was asked whether the quarter of 1952, the Copper-Zinc-Lead and bor • • • a~ a shortage of raw materials. IMC allocation committees had been set the Manganese-Nickel-Cobalt Committees For in this last respect France is very de­ up by ECA. He replied: found it inadvisable to provide any special pendent on fore~gn sources, and it is due to No. They were set up by the United States allowance for stocpkile purposes, but main­ this fact that the French Government has Government through the State Department. tained the principle of making such provi­ early begun to urge an international regula­ They report now to a c~ntral group--that sions ' in connection with future allocations tion of the distribution of raw materials. ts, the individual members report to DPA, when the supplies were sufficient to permit it. which 1s the Defense Production Administra­ These quotations bring out one addi­ tion. DPA acts only in an advisory capacity. It is almost belond belief that control tional important point that has been of our stockpiling would be turned over overlooked frequently-namely, that the All the evidence points to the fact that to 27 foreign countries and that these IMC is in the business of making alloca­ the State Department has been the driv.. countries would include not only those tions for civilian consumption as well as ing force behind United States participa­ who have expressed an anti-Communist for military consumption. IMC is con­ tion in IM:C and that the State Depart­ policy, but a number of countries as well trolling not IJlerely rearmament pro­ ment's activities in this regard are a who have made a point of being neutral. grams around the world, such as they natural result of the Department's deep­ I wish to call to the attention of the are, but living standards as well. seated socialistic tendencies. House Armed Services Committee the The IMC makes no bones about the HAS IMC STABILIZED PRICES? activities of the IMC in this regard. Our fact that in distributing materials for The best answer to this question is committee views the IMC's actions as a civilian consumption, some countries found in a recent publication by the In­ distinct and ominous threat to our mili­ will be favored over others. Mr. Getzin, ternational Monetary Fund comparing tary security. of .the United States State Department, prices in different countries as of Janu­ UNITED STATES MAKES THE SACRIFICE declared in his speech: ary 1952. Copper varied from 24.5 cents Previous .reports by the three other A fixed base does not allow for new indus­ in the United States to 60.8 cents in Italy. committees of Republican Representa­ tries or expanding economies and is, there­ Lead varied from 19 cents in the United tives have shown a number of specific in­ fore, usually unacceptable to certain coun­ States to 26.8 cents in France. Zinc stances of how the United States share tries undergoing rapid economic develop­ varied from 21.3 cents in the United of IMC materials is less than the propor­ ment. Usually the solution has been to aq­ States to 30.3 cents in the Netherlands. tionate share we consumed before the just the base in favor of such countries upon At first glance, it might appear· that the submission of acceptable evidence and Korean war. There should be no sur­ in recognition of a genuine need. the United States was benefiting from prise about this inasmuch as there are the lower prices prevailing here. How­ a host of indications that our willingness The IMC r.eport on operations, in dis­ ever, it must be kept in mind -that a large to sacrifice is not matched by many cussing the copper-zinc-lead commit­ part of the furids used by foreign coun­ other countries. The London Economist, tee, stated 1950 was selected as the most tries to bid for these metals came from which, we repeat was highly friendly to representative base year. The report the United States in the form of foreign the IMC, declared: added that for some countries 1950 was aid. From July 3, 1948, to June 30, The Vnited States set the example by mak­ not regarded as a typical year and that 1951, ECA supplied $326,000,000 to Euro­ ing the first contribution. Britain's record these included countries with expand­ pean countries for the purpose of buying 1n this body is unfortunately not untarnished ing production. For these countries, copper, $78,000,000 for zinc, and $57,- because materials like tin and rubber, which adjustments were made. 000,000 for lead. In other words, United the sterling area produces and the United FQr each favor bestowed by IMC on States dollars were used by European States consumes, were not brought into the these privileged countries, some other countries to obtain the materials we orbit of the conference. colintry had to suffer deprivation. The needed, and the United States taxpayers It is no wonder, then, that conditions evidence is abundant that the country who furnished the dollars in the first like those described in the following As­ selected most often has been the United place were paid off in unemployment. sociated Press story, dated November 13, States. Americans are being denied IMC BLOCKS STOCKPILING 1951, have developed: civilian goods they need and want in A key part of our defense effort is the SAN F'RANCisco.-Crltical materials are not order that similar civilian goods may be program for stockpiling scarce ,naterials. as scarce in Europe as they are in this coun­ consumed by persons of foreign coun- Congress, in enacting this program, try, Stanley C. Allyn, president of National tries. · placed responsibility for it in the Muni­ Cash Register Co. sald here, and cash regis­ United States generosity extends tions Board. ters soon will be imported from England to even to IMC's operating expenses. One of the most appalling aspects of the United States. • • • He told re­ IMC's staff is contributed by member IMC is that it has in effect assumed porters his company's six European plants governments, but, according to the Re­ can obtain materials easier than its three port On Operations, "during the first control of a substantial portion of our North American plants. This 1s so, he said, stockpiling program and that it has de­ because Europe is not as far advanced in its year of op.eration the major portion of cided in a number of instances that there defense-production effort as is this Nation. personnel was supplied· by the United will be no stockpiling. This is best told States.'' Furthermore, the office equip­ in IMC's own words, on pages 24 and 25 Another foreign publication, the Swiss ment used by IMC was contributed by of the report on operations: Review of World Affairs, published in the United States. 1951, In developing plans of distribution for Zurich, Switzerland, issue of April Our committee cannot understand the metals tt was ·necessary for the com­ had the following to say about France: why United Staten representatives on mittees to consider what policy should be The general rearmament in which France bodies like IMC choose so often to for­ followed 1n allowing materials for stockpil­ participates has until now burdened her sake their own country. We recom­ ing purposes during a period of scarcity. economy but lightly. After all, the new di· mend some enlightened self-interest, The problem was discussed in several of the visions now in the making wiU be equipped which will redound in the long run to the eommodlty committees and many differ­ with arms supplied by the United States for cenefit of other countries as well as our ences of opinion were expressed as to whether the most part, and expenses like soldiers• own. stockpiling should continue to be pursued pay and maintenance will up to a percentage HOW TO LOSE FRIENDS under existing circumstances. The Copper­ also be covered by an ·American contribution. Zinc-Lead Committee and the Manganese­ In other words, the French economy is not Countries that do not belong to IMC Nickel-Cobalt Committee decided, in conneo.- tor the present required to undergo a drastic allocation comr.ait~ees are completely at 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7639 the mercy of the committees because al­ it permanent and are bending every ef­ in reporting this action on the following locations are made for nonmember fort to make their wishes come true. day, carried the following: countries as well as member countries. As we have shown on page 6, it has Officials of the IMC were quick to insist For example, when the copper alloca­ been the long-standing policy of the that the supply problem for zinc was excep­ tions for the first quarter of 1952 were United States State Department to do tional and that today's move implied no handed down on December 20, 1951, only everything within its power to establish early termination of the restrictions which 12 countries were members of the com­ such a body, not merely for a wartime still apply to international dealings among mittee. But the allocations applied to period like the present but for peacetime anti-Communist nations in copper, sulfur. no less than 39 countries. Twenty­ as well. The speech by Mr. Getzin of tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, and cobalt. seven countries, therefore, had no part the State Department charts clearly the The last sentence of the London Econ­ in a decision that was of great conse­ course the administration intends to omist article puts the matter most quenc.e to their economies. The non­ follow. Discussing IMC's future, Mr. succinctly: members included both large countries, Getzin said: The lesson that offers itself is that if such as Argentina, Brazil, Japan, If the allocation work of the committees Britain, the United States, and France can Sweden, and Turkey. as well as smaller is judg~d successful by participating coun­ set the lead in raw material allocation, they countries, such as Cuba, Ireland, Israel, tries, there is no reason why more ambitious could do the same in the wider processes of Portugal, and others. programs relating to conservation, develop­ economic policy. ment and prices should not be considered. In our opinion, IMC's rules of proce­ This sentence summarizes very well dure are a further violation of the rights Mr. Getzin ended his speech with the the implications in IMC. The IMC is of individual nations. These rules pro­ statement that "member governments determined to stay alive and to expand, vide a country may be admitted to mem­ seem to be convinced that the IMC and its supporters in this couutry have bership on an allocation committee only should be retained and strengthened." placed on the record their intention to if it has a substantial interest in the The word "strengthen," when used by a do everything within their power to production or consumption of the com­ bureaucrat in discussing a Government achieve that goal. modity and if two-thirds of the com­ agency, always means to expand. If this is permitted to happen the mittee members voto for admitting the The U.N. booklet to which we have re­ United States will find itself committed nation. ferred on page 7, after praising IMC as to a system of international controls Another IMC rule is that nonmembers a step in the right direction, continues: that can only grow and grow until, as the . who wish to argue their allocations may The poe"U.\hility should be considered of Ecomomist says, ·it will take in economic appear in committee hearings. Accord­ converting these emergency schemes in to matters far beyond the distribution of ing to IMC's report on operations, rep­ permanent stabilization agreements. commodities. resentatives of 31 countries appeared be­ Mr. Fleischmann, appearing before I submit the following conclusions: fore IMC committees of which they were the Senate Banking Committee on First. United States participation in not members. These rules of procedure, March 21, 1952, spoke freely of his hope the International Materials Conference in our opinion, merely serve to emphasize of bringing still more commodities under has never been authorized by the Con­ the inferior and humiliating position to IMC allocation. Mr. Fleischmann was gress, and IMC is, therefore from this which nonmember countries are rele­ asked: country's standpoint an extra-legal gated by IMC. Is it contemplated that additional stand­ organization. Furthermore, the large number of ing committees covering additional materials Second. Use of the Defense Production countries who have felt it necessary to will be created? Act to implement domestically the orders appear before a committee to plead their of IMC represents an appalling misuse cases likewise indicates the general dis­ His reply: of powers by the President. satisfaction that inevitably arises when Frankly I should hope so, with some of Third. There is nothing voluntary the most vital metals like the alloying metals sovereign nations are denied control that we are so woefully short in. about IMC decisions. As far as the Tru­ over themselves. man administration is concerned IMC This business of favoring one friendly The IMC report on operations, in dis­ pronouncements have the force of law nation and discriminating against an­ cussing its remaining tasks, declares: and are obeyed. other friendly nation is extremely risky It appears that the shortages of several Fourth. IMC is a supercartel respon­ for the United States. This is particu­ commodities will continue for at least an­ sible only to itself. It has assumed stag­ other year and that the remaining work to gering powers. United States participa­ larly true when there is a conflict of in­ be done during that period will continue to terest between producing countries and require the best efforts of the members tion in such a super-cartel violates • • • The nature and extent of future American tradition and the spirit of consuming countries. American law. If the United States through its ac­ action by the committees will be dependent upon the need for action as reflected in the Fifth. No one suffers more from a tions in IMC alines itself with consum­ supply-demand position, and the desire of cartel than working people and this has ing nations, we will be laying the the participating governments for interna­ been true of IMC. Cartels are restric­ groundwork for deterioration in our re­ tional consideration of and recommendations tive organizations that lead inevitably lations with the producing countries. on supply problems. to economic stagnation. IMC has The IMC report on operations admits Through t~.is bureaucratic "bafil.egab" brought unemployment and suffering to in a backhand way the serious conse­ shines IMC's determination to stay in hundreds of thousands of American men quences that follow from discrimination business for many a year. and women. against one group of nations. The re­ Probably the best tip-off to IMC's Sixth. The IMC is the brainchild of port says: plans is that none of its allocation ma­ the United States State Department The fear has been expressed on the part chinery has been dismantled. The Cot­ which has been endeavoring to establish of certain producing countries that an allo­ ton-Cotton Linters Committee, the Wool such a socialistic organization for many cation system (for tungsten and molybde­ Committee and the Pulp-Paper Commit- · years. The State Department is at pres­ num) might prejudice the free flow of trade tee never have imposed any over-all ent the driving force in this country be­ and thereby weaken the bargaining positions allocations, yet none of these committees hind IMC, which is a long step tow::j.rd of certain exporting countries. This is par­ has gone out of existence. t icularly feared in cases where the countries world socialism. in question are themselves in urgent need In fact, the Pulp-Paper Committee, in Seventh. Congressional . committees of other raw materials, whether under IMC announcing on April 16, 1952, that no have twice refused to approve a similar allocation or not. additional emergency allocations to -in­ program when it was proposed in the dividual countries would be made at that charter of the International Trade The United States needs friends­ time, issued this warning: Organization. Now, under the guise of many friends-among the producing na­ All member countries have agreed to con­ being a wartime emergency agency, the tions, and it should not needlessly run sider recommendations for the resumption IMC has come into being in defiance of the risk of losing those friends. of allocation plans should circumstances Congress. A PERMANENT IMC? require. Eighth. U.N. agencies have also been There is an abundance of evidence Zinc was removed from allocation on promoting the concept of super-cartels that the instigators of IMC wish to make May 29, 1952, but the New York Times, like IMC. They now view IMC as a 7640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 ready-made agency for imposing all· Mr. BOW. It was originally in the ganization has set itself up to judge the embracing controls on the world's econ· State Department, but they have moved needs of the nonmember countries of omy. to the beautiful quarters they now have the free world in the matter of alloca­ Ninth. IMC has failed to stabilize in this new building. tions of strategic materials. commodity prices. Stabilization was to Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. Chairman, I repeat again for em­ have been one of its major goals. the gentleman yield? phasis that no legislation has passed Tenth. The IMC, in defiance of the Mr. BOW. I yield to the gentleman this Congress or any action taken for our United States Congress, has assumed from Michigan. participation in the IMC, and no funds control over a large part of our stock· Mr. DONDERO. Would not the gen· have been allocated for payment for our piling program and has blocked that tleman say that the Wage Stabilization share of the expenses, that I can find. program. Board falls in the same category as the It would seem that there is no way of Eleventh. The theory of IMC is a IMC? implementing the IMC decisions in the share-and-share-alike basis for dis­ · Mr. BOW. In my opinion, it does. United States, but, notwithstanding, this tributing scarce commodities. But, as Mr. DONDERO. Both are set up organization is carrying on in a luxu­ IMC has in fact operated, the United without force of law. rious suite in the Cafritz Building in States has made most of the sacrifices. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ this city. Twelfth. IMC has violated the rights nizes the gentleman from Wisconsin Mr. Chairman~ it would seem that of small nations by denying them a voice [Mr. SM!THJ. nothing is impossible for the dreamy. in their own economic destiny. Fur· Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair· eyed planners who permeate the admin· thermore, by helping the IMC to set man, I rise in support of the Sadlak istrative agencies in our Government. consuming nations against producing amendment. A brief investigation reveals that our nations, the United States is running the The time has come for Congress to share of the expenses, which includes the risk of alienating friendly producing na­ take action to put the International procurement of office equipment for all tions-the very nations whose friendship Materials Conference out of business. It of the participants, is made out of con­ we need. has no legal standing yet it functions tingency funds held in rese:rve by the De· Thirteenth. There is an abundance under the direction of the ·state Depart· partment of State. It is rumored, but of evidence that the IMC is intended to ment. It is doing indirectly what Con· I have not been able to confirm it. that be a permanent organization that will gress has said it should not do directly. our share of expenses is paid from a outlive the present emergency. In 1950 the House Committee on Foreign reserve set up to make emergency re­ IMC presents a blunt challenge to the Affairs conducted hearings on what is pairs should any of our embassies abroad United States Congress as well as to known as the ITO, or International be damaged by bombing. every segment of our society-working Trade Organization. These hearings Mr. Chairman, by somebody's order people, business of every kind, and farm· were conducted under House Joint Reso­ there has been decreed that our Defense ers. Is the President the law-making lution 236 and, notwithstanding these Production Adrilinistration is responsi· agency or does that responsibility belong hearings, the Foreign Affairs Committee ble for our participation in the Interna· to the Congress? If Congress is the law. refused to report favorably on the Inter­ tiona! Materials Conference and that making agency, do we wish to attempt to national Trade Organization. the chief representative of the United preserve freedom in the world by sup. Mr. Speaker, notwithstanding this ad· States on the central group of that or­ pressing it, as IMC has done? verse position we find now that chapter ganization is the Deputy Administrator The administration claims, in effect, 6 of the so-called Habana Charter has of the Defense Production Administra· there is now something wrong with been lifted from the Charter and is today tion. The DPA domestic decisions on Americans, some reason why Americans being used as the basis for the Interna­ priority, allocations, price and wage con· are· unfit to control their own lives. trois are followed on International Ma. This we deny. tional Materials Conference. This is an affront; this is an insult to every Mem· terials Conference directives. The De. The place where something is wrong ber of Congress. fense Production Administration is a so­ is in the administration-an administra­ called temporary special agency set up tion which would turn the clock back to Mr. Chairman, this is not a new prop­ by the executive branch of our Govern. the time before the Declaration of Inde­ osition. In 1947, the Senate Committee ment to administer the rules and re. pendence when Americans were subject on Finance held open hearings on trade quirements of the Defense Production to a foreign vower. agreements system and the proposed Act of 1950, as amended. From all that International Trade Organization Char· As long as ThfC continues to exist, a I can discover, Mr. Chairman, the In· large part of our lives--jobs, income and ter. At this time, Senator MILLIKIN, ternational Materials Conference, on the living standards--will be under the con. who was the chairman of the committee contrary, does not appear to be a tempo­ suspected that the implications of the rary 'group which will disappear when trol of foreign countries. charter on intergovernmental commodi· There is only one course open to the the emergency conditions which followed ties agreements should be submitted to the outburst of fighting in Korea van­ Congress-to order the administration to Congress for approval. He insisted at ~nd participation in the International ish. That emergency was only the ex. that time on written evidence on th::i.t cuse for helping to ·bring the Interna­ Materials Conference, once and for. all: subject and on April15,1947, Dean Ache· This should be done immediately be­ tional Materials Conference into being. son, then Acting Secretary of state, sent Mr. Chairman, while Congr~ss passed cause the threat to our freedom and him a letter and I quote in part: security is too ominous to be tolerated Public Law 520 in the Seventy-ninth longer. · Insofar as such commodity agreements im­ Congress, the Strategic and Critical Ma­ pose any obligations on the United States terials Stock Piling Act, charging the Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair· requiring legislative implementation in any man, will the gentleman yield? Munitions Board with the administra­ way, it is the intention of the Department tion of the law, it is clear now that the Mr. BOW. I yield. that they should be submitted to the Con­ gress. International Materials Conference took Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Can the over stockpiling activities and through gentleman tell us who is financing the Yet, Mr. Chairman, by a press release the Defense Production Agency tells our work? Who pays for this IMC opera­ on January 12, 1951, the Department of Munitions Board what they can or can­ tion? State announced that the United States not do. I am informed, Mr. Chairman, Mr. BOW. I understand it is being had agreed to the creation of a central that the Munitions Board is unable to paid for out of the funds of the State group and a certain number of stand· execute its mandate from Congress be­ Department to a great extent. There ing commodity groups subject to the in· cause of the interference from this in­ is another committee that made that crease in number as the needs of the ternational group in which participa. examination. They have more infor­ free world would require. The collec. tion by the United States has never been mation than I have on that. Ours is con. tive name for all these groups was given authorized. fined to the legality of the operation. and as it is used today, the International Mr. Chairman, the International Ma­ Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. My under. Materials Conference. All this, Mr. terials Conference is not a temporary standing is that this organization is set Chairman, has been done without con­ emergency organization. The global up very lavishly in the new Cafritz sultation with or the approval of the planners· have their feet in the doorway Building downtown. Congress. With no authority, this or· and are determined that this is tlw time 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7641 to impose an international cartel upon no International Materials Conference, agreements. The committee has heard not only the United States but the world. and others are partially controlled to the arguments and then has refused to Let me submit to you some evidence that a greater or lesser degree. go along. IMC is not a temporary organization: Mr. Chairman, I have been seeking in­ Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, will the In 1951, five experts, with an Amer­ formation on this matter since last gentleman yield? ican as chairman, appointed by the Eco­ March. I was given the run-around by Mr. HALLECK. I have only 3 min­ nomic and Social Council of the United the·various departments. I asked them: utes. Nations, were instructed to report and Is it possible that .we have entered into Prime Minister Attlee came here. It make recommendations on measures for an International Materials Conference, · was all right for him to come. I am international economic stability-U. N. and we do not know whether the other glad he came. We want Britain to be document E/2156, ST/ECA/13, sales No. countries have the means of making strong. We want to help them. But 1951.II.A.2. They reported on Novem­ their citizens observe the allocations shortly after he was here there was de­ ber 27, 1951, and among the recommen­ agreed upon? They said a survey was veloped by the State Department, with­ dations for permanent international being conducted. Just recently I re­ out any statutory authority at all, this economic stability was a strong plea in ceived, and I hold in my hand, the sur­ IMC plan. I ask this, as far as the de­ favor of international commodity ar­ vey of the control laws of other coun­ fense of the free world is concerned, Do rangements. For the implementation of tries which are members of the Interna­ they not look to us as the bulwark of that these world governmental cartels the re­ tional Materials Conference. I defy you defense? Shall we grant this confer­ port states-page 25: to find in this survey anything like the ence, which has no statutory authority_ We do not believe that any new interna­ degree of rigid control that we have in from this country, the right to say to us tional agency to administer a comprehensive the United States of America. what our share of these materials shall scheme for a range of different commodities I do not know why this survey was be? I happen to know that in many is necessary or practicable • • • inter­ sent to me as a restricted document. countries there is no control at all over national bodies, such as the Interim Coor­ the end use of these materials. But in dinating Committee for International Com­ Because it is marked "Restricted," I am modity Arrangements and the International not going to quote from it directly. But this country there is such control. Materials Conference, already exist and aan I am going to tell you that we do not Let me point this out again. It has be used for this purpose. have any information on the control laws been brought out before. Once we yield of many of these other member nations to any such international group the On February 19, 1952, a representative in the International Materials Confer­ right to say to us what raw materials we of the Department of State said in a ence. Many of them have no direct con­ shall have, both for our defense needs, as speech on the subject of IMC: trols, but rely upon indirect controls. is here contemplated, and also for our If the allocation work of the committees I say it is not fair for us to be bound domestic needs, as is covered in this op- is judged successful by participating coun­ when the other parties to the agreement . eration, then we grant to this interna­ tries, there is no reason why more ambitious tional organization the right to establish programs relating to conservation, develop­ are not bound in any effective way. In ment, and prices should not be considered. general, anything of this nature which our military potential, the right to deter­ controls the very life of an industry mine our standard of living, and the The last sentence of the summary in should not be set up without statutory right to determine the degree of unem­ the first annual report on IMC issued authority. Congress ought to adopt the ployment that may confront us. Yes, we in March 1952, reads as follows-page 3: Sadlak amendment. I do not think it then grant to an international organi­ The need for longer range plans will de­ goes far enough. zation the right to control the very life pend upon the committee's evaluation of the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ of our economy. supply situation and on member govern­ nizes the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. I supported a lot of these international ments' decisions regarding ·the nature of in­ HALLECK]. agreements that have sought to protect ternational action that may be required by the free world, and I make no apology for future developments. Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support · of this amendment, and I it, but here is one that I say should never Mr. Chairman, in conclusion the Sad­ hope it is adopted. I think it is one of have been created. But it has been cre­ lak amendment should be adopted. Now the most important matters that will ated without legislative sanction and it is the time to deliver the lethal blow to come . before us. Reference has been has worked to the detriment of the the International Materials Conference, made to some effect this amendment strength of the free world, in my opinion, an unauthorized agency which controls would have on the controlled materials and is operating to the detriment of our the economic lifeblood of this country. plan in its operation on the domestic people at home in many respects. Mr. Chairman, it is my purpose to offer front, which is believed 'by much of small The CHAIRMAN. The time of the a resolution to investigate the whole business to be helpful. It should be un­ gentleman from Indiana has expired. structure of IMG. This is a job for the derstood that the amendment was re­ The gentleman from California [Mr. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. drafted to meet that very objection. As McKINNON] is recognized. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ it is now written and presented here, it Mr. MULTER. Mr. Chairman, I ask nizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. can have no conceivable effect on the unanimous consent to yield the time al­ MEADER]. operations of the controlled materials lotted to me to the gentleman from Cali- Mr. MEADER. Mr. Chairman, I de­ plan here at home. fornia. · sire to call attention to one aspect of this It does not affect the Government's The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, matter which I have not heard men­ present powers to operate the controlled it is so ordered. tioned in debate thus far. I refer to the materials plan, nor does it affect the dis­ There was no objection. enforceability of the allocations which tribution of materials between big busi­ Mr. McKINNON. Mr. Chairman, in are agreed upon by the International ness and little business within the United our own self-interest, let us put first Materials Conference. States. things first. The thing that concerns all As we all know, under the Defense Pro­ I want to make this perfectly clear as a of us is an adequate supply of critical duction Act in the United States of member of the Small Business Commit­ materials. If adopt~ng this amendment America, we have watertight enforce­ tee which recently, by subcommittee, would increase production in the next ment controls. Let me point out, when made a report on the operations of the year or two, I would be for it. But it you control materials, you control the CMP and recommended its continuation will not. ICM is giving us now a divi­ entire industry which is dependent upon until the supply position for copper and sion far in excess of what we are able to those materials. aluminum is eased. buy. The problem is one of production, The other countries participating in What this amendment does is elimi­ and being able to get what we need. this International Materials Conference nate the International Materials Confer­ How are we going to solve that prob­ have nothing approaching in effective­ ence, and here is some background of the lem? If we kick out IMC we have not ness the controls we have in the United IMC. solved our problem, because then we will States of America. So what is the effect It is known by all of us, and particu-. have to go into the market and bid high­ of it? It means that the allocations we larly by the people on the Committee on er prices than we have been willing to are given in this country are rigidly con­ Foreign Affairs, that for years the State pay. If you want to pay higher prices trolled, tut as to the other countries, Department has sought these arrange­ for these materials you can do it with some of them are as free as if there were ments for intergovernmental commodity this materials control plan in effect, but 7642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 we do not increase the supply of these Let me refer to one other thing to keep Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, I strategic materials. If we pay more the record straight, stockpiling. We dis­ ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ money today it is not going to increase continued stockpiling in the third quar­ marks at this point in the RECORD. production in the next few years. We ter of 1951. We did not enter into this The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection are simply going to add more cost to our IMC until the fourth quarter of 1951. to the request of the gentleman from defense effort, to our taxes, and to do­ Therefore the IMC had nothing to do California? · ing business generally, and we will not with our stockpiling program. How There was no objection. have any more materials available. can you stockpile when you do not have Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, I We only have to turn back to 1950, enough materials to·meet current needs? am very much in favor of the Sadlak when the war broke out and our own How are you going to put money into a amendment to curtail the functions of individual buyers went out independ­ savings account in the bank when you the International Materials Conference. ently to try to get tin. At that time, with do not have enough money to meet your Last September I urged the House to individual buyers from the United States everyday needs? You cannot stock­ consider what the IMC was doing to our going out into the world markets looking pile when you need the materials for sulfur supply and to our newsprint for tin, we succeeded, unhappily, in the war in Korea and for our defense supply. boosting the price of tin from $1.03 to effort. This is a misleading amendment The following is what I said in the $1.92 in a matter of weeks, but we did and should be defeated. House on September 18, 1951, about the not get any more tin. We still had the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman International Materials Conference: same supply of tin available but we from Kentucky [Mr. SPENCE] is. recog­ SPEECH OF HoN. GORDON L. McDoNOUGH, OF nearly doubled the cost of tin for our nized to close the debate on this amend­ CALIFOaNIA. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA­ own producers. If you want to do that ment. TIVES, TuESDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1951 to all these other critical materials, then Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, whether Mr. McDoNOUGH. Mr. Speaker, I rise to adopt this amendment. You will in­ or not there was adequate legal authority call the attention of the House to another crease the cost to the American consum­ to create the International Materials example of the incredible bureaucratic con­ er and you increase the cost of the Gov­ Conference, certainly it was based upon fusion in our Government, and to the seri­ ernment, but you will not get any more ous damage it is inflicting on both our econ­ the principles of sound common sense. omy and our liberty. critical materials. Even though you There is no nation in the world that is The administration has committed the may not like the State Department, even self-sufficient and we entered into an United States to a "globaloney" sulfur ex­ though we may think there are many agreement with 28 other free nations in port plan that will seriously curtail the al­ things wrong, let us put our own self­ order that we might in an orderly way ready critical newsprint supply and may interests first. If you have told your peo­ acquire those materials which are neces­ eventually cause one small newspaper after ple that you are for reducing the cost of sary for our national defense and which another to go out of business in this coun­ government and for keeping taxes down, we cannot produce. try. The State Department, through ECA, then you cannot, in good conscience, vote has set up what is known as the Inter­ What great principle did that violate, national Materials Conference. The con­ for this amendment, because it is going I wonder? ference has set up a sulfur committee with to increase the cost of our national de­ Not long ago our Government traded representatives from 13 countries to con­ fense effort. It is going to boost the price some steel to England for tin and alu­ sider the problem of how to distribute of a lot of critical materials in our war minum. I do not know that there was sulfur, principally produced in the United effort. If you have told your small-busi­ any statutory authority for it, but the States, to the rest of the world. This super­ ness men that you are for the continua­ annuated, superelite, superimposed inter­ tion of small business, then you cannot people directing our defense etiort in national agency of a nebulous world govern­ vote for this amendment, because it is order to procure materials needed by us ment which presumably does not exist has, going to make it impossible for many at this time made the deal, and this as the House might expect, decided that if agreement is based upon the same sound anybody must suffer a lack of sulfur it must small businesses to bid against big busi­ be America. ness for the procurement of these criti­ principle that caused the formation of the International Materials Conference. When our State Department through ·ECA cal rna terials. agreed to let the International Materials · If you have told your American house­ I think it not only furnishes some mate­ Conference allocate approximately a million wives that you are for a stabilized cost rials to us in an orderly manner but· the tons of American sulfur for export to foreign of living, then you cannot vote for this constant contact with the other free na­ countries, we in effect guaranteed to the amendment because it is going to in­ tions of the world stimulates their world a cheap and bountiful supply of crease the cost of all of our durable friendship and helps us, and I think that sulfur at the expense· of our own economy if we were to withdraw from the Inter­ and industry. Ironically, we also loan or goods that use these critical materials. give outright to many of the countries the Let us face the facts and realize the national Materials Conference it would be looked upon as a not very cooperative money to buy out sulfur. problem we have before us today: That As · far as I am able to determine, there the war effort has created a larger need act by those upon whom we are relying 1s no other country which rations or con­ for critical materials than the mines to preserve their own liberties and with trols its sulfur once it has received the sul­ are able to supply. them ours. · fur from us. There are no American The only way we are going to get our­ If we withdraw from the International controls as to the ultimate use of exported selves out of this situation is to work Materials Conference, if we have a dis­ sulfur. A foreign purchaser could buy sul­ orderly competitive market in America, fur for $26 a ton, American export price, and cooperatively and for orderly buying in­ resell it in foreign markets for $60 a ton, stead of individual competitive buying who will get the things that are neces­ Italian export price. We could not stop which can only have the result of boost­ sary for their businesses and for their him. ing prices abnormally without increas­ prosperity? The financially strong and These allocations of sulfur to foreign ing production. powerful will get most of these materials countries at the low American prices will When RFC took over the buying of tin in the competitive market and the little only perpetuate world shortages, for as long man will get few of them. as the rest of the world is guaranteed a cheap we reduced the cost of tin considerably. supply of sulfur by IMC from the United Let us follow that example and through I am sure from what I have heard States supply, they will not reopen their own IMC continue on· an orderly course of in committee that it would be a most sulfur plants. buying; let us defeat this amendment; disastrous thing to do away with the We have no stockpile of sulfur in the let us keep down not only the cost of na­ International Materials Conference. United States, nor is there a program of tional defense, but also let us help our May I say also that Mr. Charles Wilson, stockpiling contemplated. We have only own small businesses. former Director of Defense Mobilization, 10 to 20 years of present production left in If is ·earnestly in favor of this; Mr. Manly our known American sulfur deposits. we adopt this amendment we are When I first began my investigation into going to increase the cost of everything Fleischmann, former Administrator of sulfur shortages in the newsprint industry that enters into the war effort. More­ the National Production Authority, is in and traced the shortages to the International over, if we adopt this amendment we favor of it; and Mr. John Small, Chair­ Materials Conference, I found some rather in­ will have a chain reaction that will in­ man of the Munitions Board, who has teresting facts that affect many basic ma­ crease the cost of everything regardless direction of the stockpile, has written terials. The International Materials Con­ of what the commodity is. a letter that he wants it continued. ference now has seven committees whose 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7643 recommendations control the following 13 of any substantial American producer, the does not result, primarily, from trade important products and materials: Copper, Tariff Comnlission shall publish the fact of concessions. zinc, lead, sulfur, cotton, tungsten, molyb­ having received such application, shall hold denum, manganese, nickel, cobalt, wool, and public hearing thereon and shall report the It has been argued that this is faulty paper and pulp. It is significant to note facts to the President within sixty days of reasoning on the part of the Tariff Com­ that the United States is the largest or sec­ the receipt of such application. Such report mission, but I believe they are· on firm ond largest producer of these materials under to the President shall include the article or ground. Further, withdrawal of trade international control, and in every case the product on which the import limitation has concessions would not solve the problem, United States is the largest consumer. been requested, whether it contains any raw because the problem is not one of price But it becomes even more interesting to material which is under priority or alloca­ competition. It is a problem of inade­ note the vital commodities that are not con­ tion control, whether a substantial portion trolled by this so-called international ma­ of the American producers thereof have re­ quate production. Our domestic pro­ chinery to solve world shortages. quested the above-specified import limita­ ducers of many items simply are not There is no international machinery set up tion, the maximum quantity of imports permitted by the Government to manu­ to control the British monopoly of commer­ which would comply" with said import limita­ facture enough articles to supply the cial diamonds, nor the South American mo­ tion and such other facts as the Tariff Com­ market. They are able to sell all they nopoly of tin. mission deems appropriate. A copy of said can make. The vacuum in the market Nor is there any attempt by the Interna­ report to the President shall be submitted to is being filled by foreign producers. tional Materials Conference to touch the the Secretary of Defense. If said report of The injury will come when we remove British-Malayan crude rubber monopoly the Tariff Commission indicates that the which has been gouging United States tire above-specified conditions have been met by restrictions and our domestic producers manufacturers for years. the applicant and the Secretary of Defense attempt to recapture their normal mar­ Nor has there been a committee set up has not certified to the President that the kets. They will find new buying patterns for oil and petroleum. With the British and American production of such article or prod­ and history has shown it will be very Dutch having a combined output greater uct is not sufficient to meet the essential difficult to recapture that market. than the United States, the British have defense needs, the President shall proclaim The history of the domestic watch in­ felt that there was no need for such inter­ such import limitation within thirty days dustry during World War II clearly national machinery. But now that the Brit­ of his receipt of the report from the Tariff shows this. At the order of the Govern­ ish have lost their oil holdings in Iran, our Commission. If the Secretary of Defense has State Department will shortly announce that certified that the American production of ment our watch industry devoted its ma­ the United States will soon place her petro­ such article or product is insufficient to meet chinery, its management know-how, and leum production into the hands of another the essential defense needs thereforj the its skilled labor to production of delicate foreign committee. President shall, by proclamation, limit the war instruments. Their market was lost We are in effect, through the International imports of such article or product to such to imports, and to this day the pre-Pearl Materials Conference, placing the economy quantity as the Secretary of Defense certifies Harbor competitive position has not been of the United States into the hands of a semi­ as necessary, in excess of American produc­ recaptured. world government, giving away control of tion, to meet the essential defense needs. basic materials vital to our American free­ All reports of the Tariff Commission and all This amendment, Mr. Chairman, enterprise system. certifications of the Secretary of Defense merely attempts to keep the pre-Korean made hereunder shall be made public at the competitive position intact-as we do I urge the adoption of the Sadlak time of their issuance." with domestic producers in the operation amendment as a protection to our Ameri­ of the controlled-materials program. To can labor and industry. Mr. RAMSAY. Mr. Chairman, this do this it sets up the machinery of the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on amendment was originally the bill H. R. escape clause. There is nothing auto· the amendment offered by the gentle­ 6843, which is pending before the Bank­ matic; domestic producers must prove, man from Connecticut [Mr. SADLAK]. ing and Currency Committee, and has conclusively, that a substantial portion Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, I de­ been changed fl'om the bill in one par­ of any industry is losing markets because mand tellers. ticular. H. R. 6343 provides a quota. of 50 percent of the base period; the of its inability to produce. Tellers were ordered, and the Chair­ amendment now offered provides a quota. If, prior to the Korean action, United man appointed as tellers Mr. BuRTON and States producers were splitting the mar­ of 100 percent of the base period. Those ket with foreign competition, my amend­ Mr. SADLAK. of us who favor this amendment do not The Committee divided; and the tellers ment will mean that as soon as the emer­ want to injure the former market of gency is ended and domestic producers reported that there were-ayes 169, imports. Our aim is merely to protect noes 102. the pre-Korean competitive position of can obtain materials in the open market, So the amendment was agreed to. their pre-Korean share of the market domestic producers vis-a-vis importers. will be left intact. Mr. RAMSAY. Mr. Chairman, I There is involved in my amendment offer an amendment. the principle of the escape clause of the This amendment is fair; it is needed. The Clerk read as follows: It upsets no traditions and it cannot in­ reciprocal trade agreements, and I do terfere with the reciprocity program­ Amendment offered by Mr. RAMSAY: Sec­ not see how any Member who supported which I have supported since 1933. tion 101 of the Defense Production Act of the escape clause can fail to support my 1950, as amended, is amended by adding at amendment. I hope Members will support my the end thereof the following new subsec­ Because of the controlled-materials amendment. tion: program, producers of many civilian con­ Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Mr. Chairman, "(c) Whenever priorities are established sumption items have had their output I rise in support of the amendment of­ or allocations made under section (a) with severely curtailed because the Govern­ fered by the gentleman from West Vir­ respect to any raw material, and such priori­ ginia [Mr. RAMSAY]. ties or allocations operate to limit the pro­ ment has diverted critical materials to duction of articles or products produced in defense purposes. In theory-and I be­ As a Member of Congress, I believe it the United States, the President shall by lieve in actual practice-the National to be my proper responsibility to pro­ proclamation limit the importation, during Production Authority, in allocating tect not only the lives but also the liveli­ the period such priorities or allocations are scarce materials, attempts to keep the hood of the people of my district. Many in effect, of any article or product in the pre-Korean competitive position of do­ of the industrial workers in my district manufacture or production of which such mestic producers intact. The Govern­ are facing a very critical situation. To raw material is used to 100 per centum of the help provide jobs in private industry for average annual imports of such article or ment properly feels that its restrictions product during the calendar years 1947 should fall, with equal force, on all pro­ those who want to work is a responsibil­ through 194!:1: Provided, That the Tariff Com­ ducers in any given field. ity of high priority with me. mission has reported to the President that NPA, however, has no means to control My support of this amendment is based a substantial portion of the American pro­ the production and movement of foreign upon my desire to provide job opportuni­ ducers of such article or product, or an arti­ goods. That can only be done by the ties for those so desperately seeking gain­ cle or product competitive therewith, has President. The Congress, by enacting ful employment. On May 7 of this year, requested such limitation on imports: Pro­ Mr. Raymond Boulais, president of local vided further, That the Secretary of Defense the escape clause, has provided relief has not certified to the President that the from hardship resulting from trade con­ union No. 947 in the plant of William American production of such article or prod­ cessions, but in the problem presented by Prym, Inc., CIO Textile Workers Union uct is insufficient to su.pply the essential de­ the controlled-materials program, the of America, appeared before the Bank­ fense needs therefor. Upon the application Tariff Commission has held that injury ing and Currency Committee and urged XCVIII-481 7644 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 the adoption of this legislation. In a gress was to see to it that the interests of sire the import limitation, it would not very straight-forward manner he sup­ small manufacturers were properly be necessary to impose such a limitation. ported this amendment in order to pre­ safeguarded. The proposed amendment adopts the serve for the long-run pull the jobs of In an attempt to administer the Re- fair procedure and sets up machinery for the members of his union. -ciprocal Trade Agreements Act with this operation thereof which the NPA care­ Many American producers in my own escape clause and the peril point in it, fully uses and administers in order to district have seen their production cut we have carried to the United States maintain the relative competitive posi­ back by materials allocations. They Tariff Commission a series of cases. I tion between different producers of a have watched imports rush in to take was much surprised some time ago to given product in a given American in­ up the market. When this situation is find the Commission in one of its first dustry. It certainly would be unfair for allowed to develop the American worker opinions handed down under the es­ NPA to prohibit one producer of X com­ is the first to suffer. cape clause saying to the people-! am modity from further production and at It is my conviction that unless the talking about the manufacturers of the same time permit his American com­ American producer is able to protect wood screws-"Your troubles are not petitor to continue production and take himself from foreign imports taking over chargeable to the Reciprocal Trade over the market. Obviously the first his market while his own domestic pro­ Agreements Act. They are chargeable American producer would be unable to duction is artificially limited, he may find to the practice of the National Produc­ regain all or part of his market after the himself unable to get his market-or at tion Authority in allocating certain crit­ emergency is over. The same would be least a portion of it-back when the ical materials to the defense effort and true if one American producer were lim­ emergency is over. In this type of situa­ denying them to the domestic producer ited more seriously in his production tion, the American worker is once again of civilian goods." than another. The same fair principle the one who suffers most. We are forced to take some steps at should be applied to maintain the rela­ If our defense needs require a cut­ this point. Otherwise the effectiveness tive pre-Korea competitive relationship back in the production of a nondefense of your peril point and your escape between an American industry and im­ item, certainly our allies and partners clause, as writt.en into the Reciprocal ports. in defense should likewise cut back their Trade Agreements Act, is absolutely Many American producers have seen own production of this nondefense item. worthless. their production cut back by materials I am not suggesting that we force any All this amendment proposes to do is allocations and imports rush in to take other country to adopt similar produc­ to say to any nation who is importing up the market. Unless the American tion cut-backs even though they may be goods made from critical materials: "We producer is able to protect himself from needed for mutual defense. By the same will go back to the pre-Korea period of imports taking over his market while his token, I believe we must provide fair 1949, 1950, and 1951, and we will take production is artificially limited, he will treatment for our own producers who are the average amount of your imports, and be unable to regain all or a portion of contributing so much to the defense ef­ we will say to you that you cannot in­ such markets when the emergency is fort. Certainly no foreign country could crease that average import so long as over. Imports should be limited to ap­ have any valid reason for objecting to our American domestic producers are proximately the same level as is the our proportionately limiting imports to living under these freeze orders in which American producers production so that the same extent that the American pro­ they cannot get critical materials." they both have a fair chance at current duction of an article is cut back by the I want to show you just how the prop­ competition and a fair chance of regain­ defense requirements. osition would work. I am sure that the ing their markets after the emergency There is nothing in this amendment adoption of this amendment will greatly is over. which would in any way limit the im­ remove the hazard that now faces par­ One of the objections which will be ports of any raw materials or the im­ ticularly our small manufacturers made by the free trade opponents is that ports of any product or article made throughout the Nation. we should not deny the consumers of a therefrom which the Secretary of De­ This proposal merely sets up machin­ product if it is available through im­ fense certifies as essential to the security ery whereby a domestic industry, when ports. However, it is certainly fair and and defense needs of the United States. needed, can protect and maintain its the American way to distribute the bur­ There is nothing in the amendment­ relative competitive position with im­ den of national defense equally among as I· read it-which automatically limits ports while tl:e domestic production of all of the citizens. If our defense re­ imports. It provides for a limitation the article is being limited by NPA allo­ quirements call for a cutback in the pro­ only when the American production of cations of materials. duction of a certain article, because the a product is limited by raw materials There is nothing in the proposal to raw material therefor is required for de­ allocations by NPA and then only when restrict imports in such a way as to fense purposes, certainly the consumers and if a substantial portion of the Amer­ change or improve the competitive posi­ of that product should bear the burden ican producers of such products applies tion of domestic producers. Actually it along with, and equitably with, the pro­ to the Tariff Commission for such favors imports. ducers thereof. It must be recalled that limitation. There is nothing in the amendment all Americans who are consumers are Adoption of this legislation would help that would in any way limit the imports also producers. No person long con­ provide better job opportunity and thus of any raw material or the imports of sumes unless he also produces. It would greater security for the many workers any product or article made therefrom be grossly unfair and un-American to ask in both the pin and wood-screw industry which the Secretary of Defense certifies any given American producer or con­ in my district. as essential to the security and defense sumer group to give up his product for Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Chairman, I ·rise in needs of the United States. the benefit of the defense effort and not support o: the amendment, and I ask There is nothing in the bill which op­ ask other groups of producers and con­ unanimous consent to proceed for three erates automatically to limit imports. It sumers to bear a proportionate burden. additional minutes. provides for a limitation only when the If our defense needs require a cutback The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection American production of a product is lim­ in the production of any given article to the request of the gentleman from ited by raw-materials allocations by NPA or product, certainly our allies and part­ West Virginia? and only when and if a substantial por­ ners in defense should likewise cut back There was no objection. tion of the American producers of such their production. However this has not Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Chairman, the ob­ article or product applies to the Tariff always been the case and frequently, jectives sought in the amendment pro­ Commission for such limitation. It is even though they may cut back the pro­ posed by the gentleman from West Vir­ assumed that the Tariff Commission duction of such article, they will make ginia [Mr. RA¥SAYJ are the same ob­ would determine the substantial por­ an exception for its production and ex­ jectives that were sought by the Con­ tion on the b~sis of unit volume or dol­ port to the United States in the hopes of gress 1 year ago when they wrote into lar volume of production rather than the gaining and retaining the United States the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act number of producers. Presumably, market by unfair advantage. We cannot the so-called peril point and escape where it could be shown to the Tariff guarantee and certainly cannot force clauses. We thought that would solve Commission that a majority of the Amer­ any other country to adopt similar pro­ the situation. The objective of Con- ican producers, by volume, did not de- duction cutbacks even though they may 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7645 be drastically needed for mutual defense. juring domestic producers is the case of In this letter berore nte from Secretary However. it is only fair to protect our own the Wallace Corp. now pending before Sawyer, it is an indication to me that in producers who are contributing the most the Tariff Commission. The Wallace passing this amendment we restrict the to national defense and mutual defense. Corp. manufactures spring clothespins. economic development of nations we are Certainly no foreign country, even the There is a freeze order on wire-tempered now paying millions of American dollars most friendly, could have any valid ob­ steel needed in the manufacture of these in economic aid. In other words we un­ jection to our proportionately limiting pins. dercut the reciprocal trade agreements. imports to the same extent that the Last October this company was given Let me quote from Secretary of Com­ American production of an article is cut an allocation by the National Production merce Sawyer's letter: back by the defense requirements. This Authority of 76 tons of this highly tem­ Speaking broadly, I am deeply concerned proposed amendment proposes to limit pered steel wire. They were also given over the serious effects which this and other imports of articles made of allocated ma­ an allocation for the first quarter of 1952, current proposals for restriction of imports terials to only 50 percent of the pre­ an additional allocation of 76 tons. To into the United States would have upon Korean base period imports while most March 1, 1952, under both allocations our own welfare and that of our friendly American producers of nondefense ar­ they had received only 23 tons of steel. trading countries. In the aggregate, these ticles requiring allocated materials are They have, in the meantime, in order to import restrictions would not only reduce keep their plant operating and supply the ability of foreign peoples to continue to limited to substantially less than 50 per­ buy our exportable products in large vol­ cent. jobs for 400 workmen, been buying highly ume, but would also materially injure the Articles using steel are limited to 50 tempered steel wire from Belgium and economies of many important foreign coun­ percent and most articles using copper paying $13.05 per hundredweight. Had tries, and render it difficult for them to make and aluminum are limited to 30 percent they been permitted to buy this steel their respective contributions toward the or less, those using nickel are limited to wire at home, the domestic price would common defense program. less than 20 percent or entirely pro­ have been only $7.40 per hundredweight. Mr. Chairman, I call your special at­ hibited. The limitation of 50 percent on They are on the verge of closing down tention to what he says next: imports gives more than an even break their plant because their profits are not high enough to stand the losses in the Especially in view of our earnest efforts to to imports. In the case of defense items persuade friendly countries to curtail ex­ American producers usually get more price they must pay for steel ports to the Soviet bloc, it would be incon­ than the above-mentioned percentages This legislation is not a new idea. The sistent for us to take measures that would in order to encourage greater production producers of agricultural products in this at the same time curtail their markets in the and in such cases, upon the certifica­ country are protected by quotas which United States, thereby forcing them to seek tion of the Secretary of Defense, this place a limitation on foreign imports of larger alternative outlets for their products. proposed amendment would .Place no agricultural products when these im.. Mr. Chairman, to pass this amend­ limit upon imports of any article or prod­ ports interfere with the acreage alloca­ tion and the production procedures out­ ment would result in another weakening uct needed for the defense effort. link in our effort to try to bring restora­ I am the sponsor of the escape clause lined by the Agriculture Department. tion to some of these countries and in which was written into the renewal of This exemption for the farm people will view of the amount involved in dollars the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act be found in section 122 of the Agricul­ and cents, as shown by the evidence be­ last year. The object of this escape tural Production Act. fore us, there is no competitive disad­ clause was to provide that domestic pro­ I sincerely hope that it will be the wis­ dom and pleasure of this committee to vantage to the respective manufacturers ducers be given an opportunity to prove in this country. to the United States Tariff Commission accept this proposal ill order that count­ less numbers of small producers will not Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, will the that their business was being injured by gentleman yield? foreign imports. This escape clause is be driven out of business. Mr. DEANE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in Mr. DEANE. I yield to the gentleman now section 7 of Public Law 50 of the opposition to the pending amendment. from Iowa. Eighty-second Congress. Mr. Chairman, there appeared before Mr. TALLE. Perhaps I misunder­ The intent of the Congress was that our committee a representative group of stood the gentleman from North Caro­ domestic producers suffering from too individuals on this particular point. lina, and if so, I wish to be corrected. much foreign competition would be able These items would be involved: Cigarette Mr. DEANE. I advised with the Clerk to get relief. This was particularly true lighters, brass-band instruments, safety and, as I understand, there was no of domestic producers who were being pins, zippers, and :flashlights. amendment offered. If the gentleman denied the use of certain critical ma­ At no time during the consideration by submitted one, I offer an apology. terials needed in the defense effort. our committee did members on either · Mr. TALLE. It is true that no amend­ These people were being driven out of the majority or minority· side feel that ment was offer€d, but I thought the gen­ business and their domestic market tak­ these men made a case sufficiently strong tleman from North Carolina stated that en over by foreign-made goods because to indicate that they were being injured no Member on the majority side or the they were unable to compete due to their by virtue of the type of legislation that minority side thought that a case was inability to buy these critic~! materials. is involved, at least no amendment was made. As far as I am concerned, I The domestic producers of wood screws offered. ' thought a good case was made. carried their case before the United Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. DEANE. I will alter it to that States Tariff Commission alleging injury gentleman yield? effect, that no amendment was offered under the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Mr. DEANE. In a moment. by either the minority or the majority Act and asking for relief under section Mr. TALLE. The gentleman made a when this matter was before· the com­ 7 of Public Law 50. They were denied statement that is not true, if I under­ mittee. Is that not right? this relief and told by the United States stood him correctly. Mr. TALLE. That is corr-ect. Tariff Commission that their troubles Mr. DEANE. The gentleman will have Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Chairman, will the were due not to the trade agreements but an opportunity to reply. gentleman yield? to the action of the National Production Mr. TALLE. I thought the witnesses Mr. DEANE. I yield to the gentleman Authority in allocating to the defense referred to by the gentlemen did make a from West Virginia. effort certain materials which the do­ good case. Mr. BAILEY. The gentleman will mestic producers needed in order to car­ Mr. DEANE. I was informed by the have to acknowledge that there were ry on their business. Clerk that no such amendment was of­ appearances before the committee in be­ If the United States Tariff Commission fered. So I will proceed, if I may. half of this amendment. is correct in their interpretation it is For example, in the case of cigarette Mr. DEANE. I admit that, but there vitally neces~ ary that a large segment of lighters, the total value of cigar and was no action on the part of the com­ American industry needs the production cigarette lighters, other than those made mittee but I feel in view of the evidence afforded by this amendment in order to of gold or platinum, imported into the before our committee a case was not prevent their being driven out of busi- United States was only $185,000. The made and I ask that the amendment b3 ness. number of lighters imported in 1951 rose rejected. The · best illustration of how these slightly, but they came primarily from Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, freeze orders in critical materials are in- Japan. I move to strike out the last word. 7646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the a good speech, and it is good old Repub­ then Sweden. Do you realize that the amendment because I think it is basically lican doctrine. money Sweden gets for glass sold in this a fair proposition. What it boils down Mr. SECREST. It is good old Ameri­ country they use in manufacturing steel to is simply this: If an American man­ can doctrine, I think. that is sold to the people behind the iron ufacturer is prevented from manufactur­ I want to give you some more statistics curtain? ing the normal amount of the output of on pottery. I have in my district many This amendment should be adopted, his plant due to a restriction on mate­ excellent potteries. In 1949, 22,000,000 Mr. Chairman. rials, this then restricts the importer to pieces of household pottery came into (On request of Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN, 100-percent import for the 3 years prior this country. In 1951, 33,000,000 pieces and by unanimous consent, Mr. SECREST to Korea. For instance, in the pottery came in. In 1952, 40,000,000 pieces of was allowed to proceed for one addi­ industry I am informed that cobalt is househoud pottery will come into this tional minute.) restricted, which consequently restricts country at the present level of imports. Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Chair- the pottery manufacturers in coloring In 1951, 65,000,000 pieces of household man, will the gentleman yield? - their glassware. Cobalt is used in its chinaware came into this country, and Mr. SECREST. I yield to the gentle­ manufacture. Now, it does not seem fair over 100,000,000 pieces of earthenware man froi:n Minnesota. to me that an American industry and anu chinaware art and decorative articles Mr. H. CARL ANDERbEN. Is my the American workingman should make came into this country. understanding correct that the purpose all the sacrifices. We should be in this Mr. Chairman, imports of pottery have of the amendment now before the Com­ thing together, and if we are going to multiplied three times in 2 years and mittee of the Whole is to give to the restrict certain vital materials as far as imports of glassware have multiplied glass and pottery workers the same con­ our manufacturers are concerned,.it just four times in 2 years. Over 200,000,000 sideration the dairy farmers receive simply does not make sense to me that pieces of pottery came into this country under section 104? we should allow their competitors in last year, and this year over 90,000,000 Mr. SECREST. Yes. foreign countries to procure all of it they pieces of glassware will come in. That Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I am for it. can in a free and open market, manu­ would furnish work for a long time to Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, may I facture those products, and send them in every pottery and glass factory in the say that while I regret to have to do it, here and take away the markets from the United States. I am going to object to any extension of people we are restricting in our own Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will time from now on. country. the gentleman yield? Mr. MULTER. Mr. Chairman, I rise Mr. Chairman, I do not propose to Mr. SECREST. I yield to the gentle­ in support of the amendment. take a lot of the time of this committee, man from Michigan. Mr. Chairman, there is considerable but it seems to me that this is basically Mr. DONDERO. I am in sympathy difference between the actual effect of a fair proposition. It is only ::or the with what the gentleman is saying. Is this amendment and section 104. But, duration of this act, and it is to offset this merchandise coming in under the I can easily understand how those who something that is happening to these reciprocal trade agreement or under want section 104 will also want this people as a result of ~his act. I hope the some other provision of law? amendment in the bill. ·None of us here Members will see their way clear to sup­ Mr. SECREST. It is coming in be­ is desirous of curtailing American in­ port this amendment. cause in the first place they can get dustry or American agriculture. I ad­ Mr. SECREST. Mr. Chairman, I move scarce materials we cannot get, and that dressed my remarks yesterday during to strike out the last word. applies especially to the better kinds of general debate to this very amendment, glassware and pottery. In the second which we expected would be offered. I Mr. Chairman, in my opinion if ever place, this country has much higher there was an amendment before this am not going to take time now to elabo­ costs. In Japan, one of the large ex­ rate upon the subject, as I did yesterday. House that deserved favorable consider­ porters of pottery, they pay about 4 cents ation it is this amendment that is before an hour, and we pay $1.50 an hour aver­ I do want to call your attention to this. us here today. I think everyone in our Mention was made by the gentleman age in my district. from .west Virginia [Mr. BAILEY] to the country and every industry, certainly in Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Mr. Chairman, my district, is anxious to do that which will the gentleman yield? wood screw case. Nobody appeared be­ is necessary for the national defense, but Mr. SECREST. I yield to the gentle­ fore the committee to attempt to make while we are spending billions abroad man from Connecticut. out a case for them, but when the gentle­ we do no1; feel that it is fair to have in­ Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Does the gen­ man referred to the matter of the wood dustries abroad take our markets away tleman have statistics as to how many screw case before the Tariff Commis­ because of scarce ·materials. In the pot­ men are being put out of work because sion-.- tery and glass industry cobalt, and many of these imports? Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Chairman, will the other items essential to national de­ Mr. SECREST. The glass factory in gentleman yield? fense, is necessary in its manufacture. my district has been working about half Mr. MULTER. Not at the moment. I want to show you just what is being time, or working half of the people full Mr. BAILEY. Then do not mention done by giving you accurate statistics time. I would say that half of the work my name unless you expect to yield to from the Tariff Commission received on in the glass plant in my district, which me. the 10tl': of June this year. In 1950, employs 700 or 800 people, last year Mr. MULTER. I will yield to the gen­ 23,000,000 pieces of glassware were im­ went abroad to people that export glass tleman in due time, if the gentleman will ported into this country. In 1951, here in competition with us. give me a chance to complete my state­ 41,000,000 pieces of glassware were im­ Mr. SEELY-BROWN. The same situ­ ment. Please let me finish the sentence. ported into this country; just double ation is true in my State. When the case was referred to in 1950. At the rate imports are coming in Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. Chairman, will committee, I asked the gentleman who in 1952 more than 90,000,000 pieces of the gentleman yield? did refer to the case the following ques­ glassware will be imported into this Mr. SECREST. I yield to the gentle­ tion: country this year, which is four times man from New York. In the wood screw case, they did not deny as much as came in in 1950. That means Mr. KEARNEY. Does the gentleman relief because of the underselling of the that the glass workers in my district, in have any information as to how much market. West Virginia and in Pennsylvania and glassware comes from countries behind Mr. Breckinridge who was then testi­ all over this country are being thrown the iron curtain? fying on the subject in favor of this out of work because of the scarcity of Mr. SECREST. Supposedly we shut amendment said: materials, while t'Qe imports in 2 years out goods from countries behind the iron have gone up four times. curtain, but I can tell you that the biggest You are correct on that, sir. Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Chairman, will the exporter of glassware to this country Let us understand this. Everybody gentleman yield? in 1950 was Czechoslovakia, behind the who has spoken in favor of this amend­ Mr. SECREST. I yield to the gentle­ iron curtain, with England second and ment has made out a good case, a g0od man from Ohio. Sweden third. In 1951 again Czechoslo­ case for permanent legislation, which Mr. JENKINS. I agree absolutely with vakia was the largest exporter of glass­ should go to the Committee on Foreign what the gentleman says. He is making- ware to this country, then England, and Affairs and should be brought to the 1952 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD- HOUSE 764~ House by that comm~ttee as a foreign af­ This is the particular legislation that is remarks of the gentleman from Ohio fairs bill. It has no place in this tempo­ hurting them, and I say the place to [Mr. SECREST] that I know something rary legislation,or in this emergency leg­ give them relief is right on this bill. about the hand-m,ade glassware situa­ islation. Every person who testified in Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. tion. We have been getting a lot of this behalf of industry before our committee Chairman; will the gentleman yield? glassware from behind the iron curtain. was testifying not as to· an emergency Mr. HAYS of Ohio. I yield. They are cutting down on it now, but we and not as to any situation brought Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I want are still getting a small amount of it. about by an emergency, but was testify­ to join with the gentleman in support.:. About 2 years ago evidence came to ing as to a condition which existed in his ing this amendment, to protect the pro­ me from a British trade journal that trade and in his particular enterprise for ducers of this country, and I hope we will Czechoslovakia was selling glassware to a long time. Some had been before the have an overwhelming majority for the the United States for one-quarter of Tariff Commission seeking relief, where amendment. what it cost to produce it. I took that they should get their relief. You should Mr. HAYS of Ohio. I thank the gen­ evidence down to the Secretary of the not give the relief this way. By at­ tleman. Treasury and asked him to invoke the tempting to do it this way, by emergency Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, I move Anti-Dumping Act, which he had a per­ legislation, you are destroying at one fell to strike out the required number of fect right to do. He promised to give me swoop everything we are trying to do in words. a reply after his investigators had made our Mutual Security Program, and in our Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, this a report on this situation. That has NATO program. Let me give you this amendment produces a rather amusing been almost 2 years ago, and I have not quotation, please. Let us very clearly situation. . I am for the amendment, but had a report yet. We are still doing have in mind exactly what you are going I well recall when the foreign dole was business with Czechoslovakia. to do, if you adopt this amendment. You before the House only a comparatively Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Chairman, will the will protect, maybe-! say, maybe-em­ few days ago, there was a provision in gentleman yield? phatically maybe--some American in­ that bill for a billion dollars of manda­ Mr. STAGGERS. I yield to the gen­ dustry and some American enterprise, tory spending for products of foreign tleman from South Carolina. but you will destroy our joint effort with manufacture, industry, and agriculture. Mr. RIVERS. Does the gentleman not our allies to build up our defense against Offshore procurement, they called it; know that any decision the Secretary o.f the Communists, and you will force them a perfumed title, for the buying of for­ the Treasury makes with respect to for­ to trade with Russia. Let me read this eign products. I offered an amendment eign governments is enunciated by the to you, if you please, from the Deputy to strike that billion-dollar mandatory State Department? It makes no differ­ Director for Mutual Security, Mr. W. provision out of the bill and I was ence what the Secretary of the Treasury John Kenny, in a letter of May 17 to overridden just as though I were not in tells you, it is the responsibility of the our distinguished chairman referring to the House ·of Representatives. Yet you State Department. this specific amendment, the Ramsay come in here today squawking to beat Mr. STAGGERS. Well, I do know-­ bill: the band because the administration Mr. RIVERS. I agree with you. I am The bill could result tn reducing permits reckless importing of foreign for the amendment, but it is the State these earnings of Western Europe by as products into this country. It does not Department and not the Treasury much as $561,000,000 for the same period, make any difference whether you buy Department. an . amount' equal to mqre than 30 percent foreign products offshore or import Mr. STAGGERS. No. I do not like of Western Europe's exports to the United them. It all adds up to importing for­ to disagree with the gentleman, but the States in 1951. This staggering reduction Anti-Dumping Act co.mes under the tn projected dollar earnings would give the eign labor. That foreign contract pro­ European NATO countries and the United vision in the foreigners' dole bill was Treasury Department. States the choice of two undesirable alterna­ stricken in conference, but the situation Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. . tive courses of action, to wit, a smaller NATO was made even worse because under the Chairman, will the gentleman yield? defense effort or increased defense support bill as it stands today, not a billion dol­ Mr. STAGGERS. I yield to the gen­ aid from the United States. Since the pres­ lars but two or three billion dollars or tleman from Minnesota. ent NATO defense program is already at more can be spent under the foreign-dole Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. And the minimum consistent with mutual se­ the dollars they are getting in Czecho;. curity, a reduction in this program would bill which you passed the other day. raise serious questions with respect to the Mr. Chairman, Congress long ago slovakia are the same as providing dol­ ability of the free world to defend itself ought to have started legislating in lars for Russia?· against aggression. On the other hand, the terms of pro-American policies. I re­ Mr. STAGGERS. That is right. granting of additional aid to :fill the gap fuse to be a party to the sell-out of Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Be­ created by the proposed legislation would American industry, 1abor, or agriculture cause they go to Russia; and, of course, be in effect placing an unnecessary burden in this or any foreign-dole legislation. I Stalin wants more dollars. upon the taxpayers of the United States. repeat again that it is amusing to watch Mr. STAGGERS. He has to have Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. Chairman, will the parade into the well of the House more dollars. the gentleman yield? today of those who voted for the for­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, Mr. MULTER. I yield. eign give-away schemes and yet who are will the gentleman yield? Mr. KEARNEY. I appreciate the gen­ now pleading for legislative protection Mr. STAGGERS. I yield. tleman's comment, but I would like to against those whom only a few days ago Mr. CRAWFORD. We might as well refer back to the gentleman's thought they gave several additional billion dol­ be practical about this whether we like that this should not come up at this lars. · it or not. If we propose to give as­ time, but it should have gone back to the How inconsistent can you get? sistance to Czechoslovakia in the hope reciprocal trades agreement. I want to Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Chairman, I that they will turn against Russia and call the gentleman's attention to the rise in support of the amendment. follow our policy-and that is certainly reciprocal trades agreement being a one­ Mr. BURNSIDE. Mr. Chairman, will the objective of the State Department-­ W::tY street, and that is why we in our the gentleman yield? anybody who agrees with that objective small county have 3,000 American work­ Mr. STAGGERS. I yield to the gen­ would certainly not disagree on buying ing men and women out of work today. tleman from West Virginia. goods from Czechoslovakia, putting dol­ Mr. MULTER. I say to the gentle­ Mr. BURNSIDE. We need to keep ·our lars in the hands of those people so they man, let us make it a two-way street. glass industry, our hand-blown glass in­ could buy goods from us. I say that if Let us correct the permanent legislation, dustry, operating. They are now work­ that is the objective, and I do not be­ if that is where the defect is. ing less than half time. In case of war lieve that anybody will deny that that Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I we will need this glass industry and need is the objective of the State Department rise in support of the amendment. I it badly. I hope this amendment will be because we are continually passing bills want to say in reply to the gentleman agreed to. here to aid people behind the iron cur­ from New York [Mr. MuLTER], who says _Mr. STAGGERS. !'thank the gentle­ tain-- a case has been made for permanent leg­ man. Mr. STAGGERS. Answering the gen­ islation, this bill is the thing that is put~ Mr. Chairman, I would like to take tleman from Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD], ting these people behind the "eight ball!' just a minute to say in regard to the I may say that I am not in the State 7648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 Department and I am not in foreign The Clerk read as follows: the Committee on Agriculture some diplomacy. My belief however about SEc. 102. Section 104 of the Defense Pro­ years ago, the gentleman from North our foreign policy is this: I believe in duction Act of 1950, as amended, is amended Carolina [Mr. CooLEY]. We were trav­ the mutual aid compact and I believe in to read as follows: eling together in Europe. At that time economic aid to those countries which "SEc. 104. Import controls of fats and oils there was a large surplus of tobacco in will be a help to us in times when we (including oil-bearing materials, fatty acids, this country and the gentleman from may need friends. I am just saying that and soap and soap powder, but excluding pe­ North Carolina [Mr. CooLEY], the good troleum and petroleum products and coco­ and able Representative that he is, spent I do not believe in aiding any country nuts and coconut products), peanuts, butter, that is behind the iron curtain so that cheese, and other dairy products, and rice a good bit of time negotiating on his they can get American dollars; and I and rice products are necessary for the pro­ own to secure markets for his North think that is the question that is in~ tection of the essential security interests and Carolina tobacco. We have had a sim­ volved here and one that bothers me. economy of the United States in the existing ilar situation with cotton and with Mr. CRAWFORD. I agree with that, emergency in international relations, and wheat. As a matter of fact, one bale out but I will not support the State Depart~ imports into the United States of any such of every· four that is grown on southern ment as to using its judgment as to commodity or product, by types or varieties, farms is grown for export. You take shall be limited to such quantities as the Sec­ that export market away and our cotton when to give goods and labor away in retary of Agriculture finds would not (a) the United States for the benefit of impair or reduce the domestic production of farmers will face the worst kind of a de­ somebody the State Department selects. any rmch commodity or product below pres­ pression. Mr. STAGGERS. I do not agree with ent production levels, or below such higher I say to this body, if you want to use that philosophy; my philosophy is, that levels as the Secretary of Agriculture may this bill as a vehicle to repeal the recip­ we are obligated to help our friends when deem necessary in view of dome.stic and in­ rocal trade treaty program which has they are in need. I want to congratu­ ternational conditions, or (b) interfere with been built up over a period of years as a late the gentlemen from Ohio in their the orderly domestic storing and marketing sound and a substantial policy, go ahead of any such commodity or product, or (c) statements on this glassware business result in any unnecessary turden or expendi­ and do it, but know what you are doing · and to state that I will vote for the tures under an Government price support when you do it. Do not do it under any amendment when it comes up. program: Provided, however, That the Sec­ fake pretense of protecting cheese, or Mr. KEARNS. Mr. Chairman, I rise retary of Agriculture after establishing im­ glassware, or some other commodity. in support of the amendment. port limitations, may permit additional im­ Go ahead and say that it is the intent of Mr. Chairman, it certainly is very fine ports of each type and variety of the com­ this body today to repeal the policy of that today this great body has an op­ modities specified in this section, not to this Government which has been in effect portunity to take action on a measure exceed 10 percent of the import limitation since that great Secretary, Mr. Hull, as­ with respect to each type and variety which that we failed to take when the recipro­ he may deem necessary, taking into consid­ sumed that responsibility some years ago. cal-trade agreements extension was be­ eration the broad effects upon international I might say this, too, as a member of fore us. Some 105 of us stood up here relationahips and trade. The President shall the great Committee on Ways and and voted against the reciprocal-trade exercise the authority and powers conferred Means: I think that this debate properly agreements because we believed that the by this section." belongs before that committee. It has President should protect American in­ Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana. Mr. Chair­ been the subject of study by that com­ dustry. Now we have this committee man, I offer an amendment. mittee. I see my fine friend, the gentle­ coming in here and throwing mud fur­ man from New York [Mr. REED], who ther in the eyes of Congress by saying The Clerk read as follows: has traditionally taken a policy as op­ that we should ignore the American in­ -t\mendment offered by Mr. BoGGs of Loui­ posed to these trade treaties, but it has dustry, deny Americans of their pay­ siana: On page 2, line 12, strike out every­ been debated before men and women days, in order that we may go ahead thing beginning with line 12 on page 2 and ending with line 14 on page 3, and insert who have devoted a lifetime to these with this foolhardy program abroad. in lieu thereof: "Section 104 of the Defense problems, and here we come today with Let us take the business of glass, pottery, Production Act of 1950, as amended, is hereby a temporary piece of legislation, its very and cigarette lighters; and I want to repealed." object of which is in doubt, and we pro­ mention zippers because I have one of pose to change a policy which is basic to the largest zipper producing firms in my Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana. Mr. Chair­ this Government, as I see it. district- man, in the debate of a few moments ago on the amendment offered by the If you fine colleagues of mine from the Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. Chairman, will South want to remove our export market the gentleman yield? gentleman from West Virginia, the real intent of the sponsors of section 104 for cotton, if you want to cripple our Mr. KEARNS. All right; I agree, al~ export market for tobacco, if you want most as large. was pretty well revealed and set forth. The gentlemen who spoke on behalf of to throw a real gap into that $18,000,- Mr. KEARNEY. You can also include 000,000 of trade that we carry on with gloves. the Ramsay amendment made the same type of presentation when we adopted other countries in free enterprise, then I Mr. KEARNS. All right. "We have say go ahead and vote for these types of nearly 4,500 employees at Meadville, Pa., year before last and the year before that the Reciprocal Trade Treaty Act. amendments that are being offered. yet today 2,800 of them are idle. When Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Chairman, will the employed they get $1.86 an hour as ma­ The argument advanced by the gentle­ man from West Virginia was made at gentleman yield? chine operators. Today that company Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana. I did not cannot get copper or aluminum, yet they that time before we had shortages caused by the Korean war. interfere with the gentleman. I know can go down to Mexico and get both, the gentleman's position. His position is and for 35 cents an hour get their ma­ What you are really having here on a so-called control bill is a direct attack exactly the same as my good friends over chine operators. They pay the 30-per­ here in the Republican Party. I am well cent duty, ship the goods across the bor­ upon the established trade policy of the United States of America in the recip­ aware of it because the gentleman ap­ der, and are able to compete here against peared before the Committee on Ways Japanese zippers, which are so inferior rocal trade treaty program. If carried on, this approach will wreck our foreign and Means in opposition to the recipro­ that they are not to be mentioned in cal trade treaty. the same breath with American zippers. trade: it will have disastrous effect in I want to congratulate those who have N2w Orleans and every port in the coun­ Mr. BAILEY. In 1945, and I did not sponsored this amendment. It is cer­ try. I should like to address my re­ get anywhere. tainly a forward step in this country marks particularly to my colleagues who Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana. The gentle­ when we protect American paydays and come from the great agricultural areas man sure did not, because we understood American business. of the South and the West who are in­ what he was trying to do. The Members The CHAIRMAN. The question is on terested in cotton, wheat, tobacco, and did not understand that here a moment the amendment offered by the gentleman countless other products which have be­ ago, but that is what is involved here, from West Virginia [Mr. RAMSAY]. come the subject of trade agreements and I ask the Members of this body to The question was taken; and on a mutually arrived at by the various coun­ consider this amendment, see what is division (demanded by Mr. JAVITS) there tries which consume these products. involved, and then make your decision. were-ayes 112, noes 43. There comes to my mind an incident This amendment is sponsored by the So the amendment was agreed to. which happened with the chairman of same people who for years kept an un- 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7649 fair tax on oleo. It is a short-sighted and higher priced. Exports of agricul­ States Chamber of Commerce; National amendment. tural products are particularly vulner­ Cotton Council of America; General In 1951 the United States exported able in this respect. Federation of Women's Clubs; New Or­ over $4,000,000,000 of agricultural prod­ Legislation such as section 104 of the leans International House. ucts. This figure represents four times Defense Production Act is adversely af­ In the present serious circumstances, the cash farm income received by either fecting agriGultural exports. Section 104 our foreign trade is especially vital to New York, North Carolina, Indiana, or provides that there shall be no imports the security of the United States and the Ohio. Foreign markets provide an out­ of butter or certain other fats and oils, rest of the free world. Our imports ii'1- let for an amount of American agricul­ cheese, other dairy products, if the Sec­ clude many commodities necessary to tural production that is considerably retary of Agriculture determines such enable us to meet critical national de­ greater than the total production of any importation would have any of three fense requirements. Our exports pro­ State. named effects. The quotas imposed vide goods desperately needed by free Unlike the manufacturer producing for under section 104 have meant a decrease nations to prevent economic instability. export, the farmer usually does not deal of some 35 percent from 1950 level of Smaller dollar earnings by these coun­ directly with his ultimate customer and imports of cheese. Some of the affected tries weaken the capacity of our allies may never know that his product is ex­ countries, particularly those which im­ to carry forward the program of re­ ported. Many do not, therefore, realize port American agricultural products, armament. As has been indicated, a their important stake in the pattern of have already indicated that they must number of foreign governments nave foreign trade. Yet foreign countries reduce purchases of our goods because protested the trade restrictions imposed provided an outlet in 1951 for well over of smaller earnings from cheese sales to under section 104. We stand to lose one-third of the cotton, rice, wheat, dried us. They are also seriously considering greatly in prestige and leadership as whole milk, and about one-fourtl1 of the withdrawing tariff concessions · granted well as in trade if section 104 is not tobacco, soybeans, and.lard. Almost as us as a result of our withdrawal of tariff repealed. large a proportion of the American pro­ commitments made to them. It cannot be too often emphasized that duction of peanuts and grain sorghums Exports of fruit have already been foreign trade is a two-way street. It is was exported. Exports of cotton were affected. Tobacco, vegetables, cotton, essential that the United States import valued in 1951 at $1,000,000,000; wheat and lard may also suffer. These risks if it is to continue to sell its products at $1,000,000,000; leaf tobacco at $325,- are being incurred unnecessarily, since abroad and not give them away through 000,000; fruits at $115,000,000; dairy adequate safeguards were and are the mechanism of foreign aid. products at $150,000,000; and vegetables already available to protect domestic Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Chairman, I producers against serious injury from move to strike out the last word. at $84,000,000. imports. The major export commodities are of Exports of poultry and eggs, would Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. great importance to farmers in practi­ probably also be affected by a reduction Chairman, will the gentleman yield? cally every part of the country. The in United States exports of agricultural Mr. JENKINS. I yield to the gentle­ American Farm Bureau Federation in products. In 1951 exports of eggs and man from :r.nnnesota. a recent statistical analysis has classified poultry from the United States amounted Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The 25 agricultural commodities as being to over $40,000,000. gentleman undoubtedly misunderstood greatly dependent upon exports. In Because of its long-term effect, sec­ the amendment. The amendment was to 1950 more than half of the cash income tion 104 offers no real protection even strike out a section of the pending bill, from crops of farmers in 35 different to the interests intended to be protected and the gentleman, I am sure, is not in States was from these products which and is harmful generally to American favor of striking out that section. were especially dependent upon exports. agriculture. It is interesting to note Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Chairman, I am Such commodities included tobacco, that in 1951 the value of United States in favor of the section to which the gen­ apples, peanuts, and dairy products. exports of dairy products was·over $120,- tleman from Minnesota [Mr. ANDRESEN] These large exports also tend to 000,000 while imports were valued at refers. My principal reason for arising strengthen the price of these commodi­ only $25,000,000. This means that in is to reply to my distinguished friend ties in the American market. Farmers 1951 there was an export balance in from Louisiana [Mr. BoGGS] who has just get higher prices for their products be­ dairy products of over $95,000,000. left the floor. He orates here eloquently cause of the additional demand created The adverse impact of such restric­ about reciprocal trade agreements. You by foreign purchases. It is evident, for tions as required by section 104 upon know, if the gentleman down here in example, that if the $325,000,000 worth United States agriculture is understood Washington that we call the Tariff Com­ of leaf tobacco and the $115,000,000 by many farm leaders and their position mission and the President, Mr. Truman, . worth of fruit exported in 1951 had in­ was ably presented by Allen B. Kline, would do their duty we would not have stead been offered on the domestic mar­ president of the American Farm Bureau to be here today trying to do what we have ket a drastic decline in prices would have Federation in his testimony before the done with reference to glass and pottery followed. Senate Committee on Banking and Cur­ and what we are intending to do with If United States exports are to be rency during the hearings on bills to reference t<' cheese and butter and these maintained, foreign countries must have amend and extend the Defense Produc­ other commodities. These gentlemen dollars with which to buy our products. tion Act of 1950 CS. 2594 and ·S. 2645). who are supposed to administer the law Since the end of the war the amount His testimony said in part: have not performed their duty. For in­ of dollars foreign countries have earned We recommend that section 104 of the stance, I know a very prominent lawyer from our imports of goods and services Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, who has practiced before the Tariff Com­ has been far short of the amount neces­ be eliminated. We firmly believe that the mission for years. He has been trying sary to pay for the exports we have sent provisions of Public Law 50, Eighty-second to get a decision upon which he can ba~e them. Farm exports have attained their Congress, together with section 22 of the a case that he can appeal to the courts. high level in part because of the dollar Agricultural Adjustment Act, properly ad­ They get around him without giving any aid we have been granting other coun­ ministered, give adequate protection to pro­ reaso:hs. He cannot get into the courts. ducers of agricultural commodities from ex­ He can get no relief of any kind. What tries. As our aid is .reduced in the years cessive imports. A prosperous and expand­ ahead our agricultural exports will, ing agriculture in America is dependent on is left for the people to do? They have therefore, be seriously affected if we do a high volume of trade. Our exports exceed to come here to Congress as the Demo­ not permit other countries to expand our imports. The current exports of dairy cratic Members have done today, to get their dollar earnings. Foreign coun­ products exceed by about 2¥2 times the im­ protection for glassware and other com­ tries which have a shortage of dollars ports. We will insist that the provisions of modities in which they are interested. I will be obliged to reduce imports of those Public Law 50 and section 22 of the Agri­ voted with them and I shall vote with commodities which they need less or cultural Adjustment Act be promptly car­ other Democrats if necessary in order to ried out by the responsible administrative get justice. That is exactly what we which they can get from other sources. agencies. In such circumstances a foreign country have to do. If we want justice, we have would turn to other trading areas where Among organizations which have ex­ to come to Congress. We cannot get it it can buy without using dollars or it pressed their opposition to section 104 out of the governmental organizations would attempt to produce the various are: Tobacco Associates, Inc.; American that have the duty to do justice because cqmmodities even though they be inferior Cotton Shippers Association; the United they refuse to do what the law requires .7650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 them to do. I mean the White House be approved to protect not only the pro­ Mr. CRAWFORD. So that we do not and all the· rest of those responsible, in­ ducers but the consumers in the United get confused here, I ask the gentleman cluding the Tariff Commission. States. from Georgia [Mr. BROWN] and the gen­ Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Chair­ tleman from Minnesota, now addressing gentleman yield? man, will the gentleman yield? us, do you propose that we leave in the Mr. JENKINS. I yield to the gentle• Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I yield. bill the language on page 2, beginning man from West Virginia. Mr. BROWN of Georgia. It is my un­ on line 14, and extending to page 3, in­ Mr. BAILEY. Is it not true that the derstanding that this amendment was cluding line 18? Is that what you are agricultural interests have a far greater passed by a very good-sized majority in talking about? protection under the provisions of the the committee. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Begin­ Agricultural Adjustment Act, and is it Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN That is ning on line 12, at page 2, and ending not also true that the gentleman from iny understanding. on page 3, line 14. Louisiana, who just addressed the Mr. BROWN of· Georgia. It passed, Mr. CRAWFORD. Your proposal is House, is familiar with the fact that his anyway. I am here to tell you that I am that we leave that language in the bill? State has an import limitation on the supporting it as it appears in the bill. I Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. We amount of Cuban sugar that can come think we did right then, and I hope the should leave that language in the bill. in to protect his sugar farmers? I think members of the committee who voted for Mr. CRAWFORD. I wanted it to be his ·speech was entirely out of order. it then will vote for it now. clear as to what you were talking about. Mr. JENKINS. I did not rise for the Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I thank The CHAffiMAN. The time of the purpose of raising any personal issue, the gentleman very much. I am glad to gentleman has expired. but I think the gentleman is absolutely hear that he is for this section of the bill. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. right. His support of section 104 as it appears Chairman. I ask unanimous consent to Mr. Chairman, I want to impress this in the bill will assure approval in the proceed for two additional minutes. on the Members of this House. There is House and also by the conference com­ Mr. SPENCE. 'Mr. Chairman, I must a great line of demarcation between the mittee. The farmers of this country owe object to any extension of time. Republican policy and the Democratic the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Let me policy with reference to the reciprocal BROWN] a debt of gratitude for his again urge the defeat of the amendment trade agreements. This has been de­ timely help to secure favorable action on offered by the gentleman from Louisiana. bated for years. The House passed the this section of the bill. The consumers His amendment proposes to strike sec­ reciprocal-trade-agreement law several also owe him a sincere vote of thanks for tion 104 from the committee bill. This years ago. If we had an honest admin­ supporting policies which will assure section should be enacted into law. It istration of the law today, it would not abundant production of vital food for is urgent and vital to our domestic be necessary for us to be here asking for them. I can also assure the gentleman economy to encourage maximum food these amendments. The law is not fairly that I will not forget his support of sec­ production. or honestly administered, and I have told tion 104. Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I move to you the reason why we are here before strike out the last word. Congress trying to get a little bit of fair The gentleman from Louisiana has Mr. Chairman, are we not operating play. tried to divide the House Membership under a delusion in thinking we are ef­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. into sectional groups. He states that fectively legislating for the country? Chairman, I rise in opposition to the section 104 should be stricken from the When I look at the afternoon paper, the amendment, and ask unanimous consent bill so that the tobacco and the cotton headlines of which read, "Truman says to proceed for five additional minutes. farmers will have a market throughout Hill cannot make him use Taft-Hart­ Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, I said the world. No one has fought harder ley," I wonder if the representative of sometime ago I was going to object to for the tobacco and cotton farmers than the Department of Justice in presenting any requests for additional time, so I I in the m~ny years I have been in Con­ the vit..'NS of the Department in the Steel object. gress. But apparently he is willing to case did not actually re:ftect the views Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. liquidate the peanut industry, the rice of the Chief Executive when he said that Chairman, I am amazed at the attitude industry, and the dairy industry in this the President was not bound by acts of of the gentleman from Louisiana in of­ country to gain an advantage for cotton Congress and was his own interpreter of fering this amendment. He has called and tobacco. Unfortunately, there are the meaning of the Constitution. it the cheese amendment. I can say to too many people in this country who are Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, I move him that it involves much more than ready to liquidate or injure other Amer­ to strike out the last word. cheese. If his amendment succeeds, it icans engaged in other lines of produc­ Mr. Chairman, I believe this might means .unlimited imports of rice, fats, tion if they can make some money out well be called the "cheese" amendment and oils, peanuts, and many other prod­ of it. Some day the gentleman may feel beyond peradventure of doubt. Let us see ucts produced in his area. When I say different about it. what the wording of this particular sec­ ••unlimited imports" it means exactly Let me show you what we have done tion is. We have this unusual language, that, for imports will be brought into for cotton already. Since April1948 the namely, that these quotas and controls this country under a policy that will taxpayers of this country have put up on cheese and other products are neces­ surely destroy production of essential $1,200,000,000 to pay for cotton to give sary for the protection and the essential foods in the United States. away to many countries in the world. security interests and economy of the I am very much interested in this sec­ Tobacco has not been taking a back seat, United States. That is a rather preten­ tion of the bill, which I sponsored a year either. The American taxpayers have tious cover or facade of protec,tion. ago, known as section 104. It was ap­ put up $455,000,000 to pay for tobacco Cheese is going to protect the internal proved by an overwhelming majority. to give away throughout the world. To­ security of the United States. Imagine The amendment-section 104-con­ bacco and cotton farmers are in excellent cheese as one of our outer bastions. We tained in the committee bill is a modi­ financial condition. It therefore ap­ now have a fortress of cheese to protect fication of section 104 approved in 1951, pears to me that the gentleman from our security. I never heard of more to more nearly meet the situation at Louisiana and those who support his nonsense than that. It is like Don Quix­ home and also makes possible the correc­ amendment are making a terrible ote tilting at windmills. Actually the tion of certain inequalities that have ap­ mistake. proponents of section 102, which amends peared during the past 9 months in the This is more than a cheese amend­ section 104 of the Defense Production administration of existing law. ment, I will say to my friends, because Act are just as wrong as a 2-foot yard­ The Senate has considered the same it takes in all dairy products. The re­ stick. Only some 20 blue cheese manu­ amendment. It was defeated in the Sen­ peal of section 104 would permit un­ facturers would benefit from this provi­ ate on a tie vote, 38 to 38, because of the limited imports of butter, cheese, pea­ sion; benefit at the expense of all other absence of a few Senators who would nuts, fats and oils, rice and linseed oil, cheese manufacturers, benefit at the ex­ have voted for the amendment. :flaxseed, and many other products. pense of a successful foreign policy, vis­ Your committee has made the revised Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, will a-vis countries like Italy, France, Den­ section 104 as a part of the bill by a ma­ the gentleman yield? mark, and Holland. That section is the jority vote of the committee. It should Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I yield. very negation of the foreign economic 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE .7651' policy of the United States. Some six help reduce the unbalance in the world may and to my dismay that the Fascists countries have already protested that trade due to the dollar shortage stem­ are making great headway in the south­ this provision violates the letter and ming in turn from the chronic excess of ern part of Italy. The neo-Fascist party spirit of the General Agreement on Tariff United States exports over imports. has elected mayors in Naples, Bari, Pal­ and Trade called GATT. Apparently the The ECA countries were assisted and ermo, and so on. What do you want cheese lobby, or the dairy lobby, cares encouraged in the organization of dol­ them to do? Do you want them to elect nothing for any kind or sort of interna­ lar-export drives. Steps were taken to more mayors, because the propagandists tional agreement. stimulate an increasing acceptance of on the Fascist side will make much of This provision violates the plan of the European imports in the United States. this character of legislation. They will Mutual Security Administration whereby The Italian Government, is extremely say that the Americans do not. practice we seek to" build up European exports. . anxious to reestablish a situation in what they preach. The shipment of cheese to the United which Italy can earn and pay its own The CHAffiMAN. The time of the States has been strongly encouraged by way through the exports of products of gentleman from New York has expired. ECA. So with one hand we seek to bring the skill and inge:imity of its enterprise Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Chair­ some imports of cheese into this country and manpower, rather than to continue man, I rise in opposition to the amend­ and with the other hand we say, "No. to rely on assistance. ment. We shall keep cheese out." These restrictions on cheese imports Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to Cheese is big business in little coun­ militate against the Italian efforts to the Boggs amendment, as I consider it tries like Denmark, Holland, and Italy. improve her economic situation. extremely detrimental to agriculture. It means much to them. Our exports There have been indications that, Personally, I cannot see how any Mem­ of cheese are minuscular in comparison while the American Government con­ ber from that great Southland can sup­ to our production of cheese and our con­ tinues to be fully committed to the prin­ port it. I am indeed much pleased to see sumption of cheese. Our imports are ciple of trade liberalization, renewed re­ that the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. trilling. They are a drop in the bucket, course is being made to restrictive prac­ BRoWN] and others from the South feel particularly in comparison to our exports tices, and that the inconsistencies be­ that it is the wrong method of approach. of cheese. Domestic producers are not tween principle and practice, far from I think the way the committee has writ- • endangered by imports. They have the disappearing, are once more increasing. ten this revision of section 104 amounts protection of tariffs, as well as many Should this new trend continue un­ to a sort of compromise. Surely the other protective devices, and I shall in­ checked, a very serious situation would House is not going to go against the sert in the RECORD the many provisions result. Much of the progress made action which it took last year, when it they can avail themselves of if they need through GATI' and other agreements said to agriculture throughout America, protection; but they need no protection. would be undone and many of the gains "We are going to give you a certain de­ There is protection under section 22 of of the Marshall plan would be wasted. gree of protection against the in:flux the Agricultural Adjustment Act, section Such a prospect is naturally viewed by into this country of a great amount of 7 of the Trade Agreements Extension the Italian Government with consider­ competing fats and oils which are apt Act, and so forth. I say we export far able alarm, and is a matter of major to put our own farmers out of business.'' more cheese than we import. Cheese concern, particularly under the current Whether that is making grist for the im,ports during the past war years were unsettled conditions of the international Fascist mill or not,. I do not know and less than they were in 1939. Think of and European economy. I do not care. Just as I suppo.rted the it. We import less than 5 percent of our Italian exports to the United States amendment which gave protection to production. Also less than 5 percent of include to a very large extent food­ pottery workers and glass workers, be­ our entire production of cheese. It is stuffs-such as olive oil and cheese­ lieving that this Congress should keep like great giants being frightened by pyg_ certain farm products-such as al­ a certain degree of protection for its mies. All these protective acts, which monds-and a number of specialties and own people, in contravention to trying I place in the RECORD, guard the domestic typical commodities. They have en­ to do everything for those in other manufacturer against any kind of unfair joyed in recent years a moderate ex­ countries at this time, in the same de­ competition from abroad. Apparently pansion which, however. has hardly gree I am supporting the Andresen pro­ what these 20 blue cheese manufactur­ made a dent on the t:::ade unbalance posal to retain this particular provision ers want is no competition whatsoever. between Italy and the United States. In in the bill. I hope the House will reject They want the Government to put all 1951 Italian imports from the United the Boggs amendment. manner and kind of crutches under them States exceeded exports to the United I was sorry to see my colleague was to protect them in their inefficiency; to States by over 6 to 1, representing a to­ shut off abruptly by the refusal of the protect them in their imagined fear that tal deficit of more than $350,000,000. committee chairman to agree to the ex­ there is going to be a tremendous amount The hopes and prospects of further de­ tension of his time. I consider the gen­ of cheese coming in from these little velopment, however, have been virtually tleman from Minnesota [Mr. AucusT H. countries whom we are trying to help, nullified by restrictions placed by the ANDRESEN] as the greatest authority on which now with this kind of legislation United States Government on the im­ agriculture in this House, bar none-and we effectively dam. We deprive the port of a number of commodities which I am proud of him, coming from the American consumer from buying what are of vital importance to Italy's econ­ great State of Minnesota as he does. I he wants. He has a taste for Gorgon­ omy. would like to ask him to elucidate fur­ zola, for Povero or Parmesan. He does The restrictions placed on Italian ther upon the reasons as to why this not want imitations. cheese imports seem particularly inap­ Boggs amendment should be defeated It is hardly necessary to recall that propriate because Italian cheeses do not and defeated roundly. the current mutual-defense effort is compete, for the most part, with cheeses Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. based, so far as Western Europe is con­ produced in the United States. Being Chairman, will the gentleman yield? cerned, on the foundations built by the produced from sheep's milk-pecocino Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I yield Ec_·_ program. In turn, the ECA pro­ and romano-or requiring many years to the gentleman with pleasure. grams were deeply concerned with the of seasoning-parmigiano and reggia­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I thank estaolishment of the freest possible :flow no-Italian cheeses are not competitive my colleague for his kind words. Mr. of trade among the participating na­ with their imitations which are pro­ Chairman, it appears that the gentle­ tions and throughout the free world. duced in small quantity in the United man from New York who spoke just a One of their major purposes was to States. moment ago thinks, or at least seems to make a frontal attack on the so-called Now, all this has grave economic and believe, that you can turn on a spigot international dollar gap, or dollar short­ political repercussions. Take the sit­ and get milk out of it instead of having age problem on the assumption that uation in Italy. Italy depends to a. cows to produce milk. . He has men­ only an expanding and well-balanced major extent upon her exports of cheese tioned blue cheese from Denmark in par­ pattern of foreign trade could give sta­ and her small amount of imports into ticular. I had hoped that he would not bility to Europe and strengthen Ameri­ the United States. This kind of legisla­ get into that, because I dislike mention­ ca's first line of defense across the tion is just grist to the Communist mill; ing particular countries. However, I ocean. Consequently, it was the de­ grist to the Fascist mill, particularly in must advise the committee that blue clared purpose of the ECA program to Italy. You may have read to your dis- mold cheese imports from Denmark have 7652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 taken over nearly one-half of the pro­ the spirit of one of our greatest Ameri­ the opportunity to show here that if this duction and consumption of blue cheese can leaders, Daniel Webster, who passed amendment succeeds and this section is in the United States. During the last away a century ago. He won for himself eliminated from the bill, the Govern­ year 49 percent of all the blue cheese so high a place in the hearts of the ment support program, which provides consumed in the United states was im­ American people that some of his noble a support price for all of the commodi­ ported, and about 95 percent of it came words were selected to be engraved on ties in the bill, may go into operation from Denmark. the panel resting high on the wall above immediately, and· that the Government I am rather proud of the little Danish the Speaker's rostrum in this Legislative will begin buying domestically produced blood I have in my system, but certainly Chamber. Lifting my eyes as I sat here butter, cheese, peanuts, fats, oils, and I am American enough to want to pro­ yesterday, I read his immortal words: rice, and unlimited imports coming in tect at least a part of our domestic Let us develop the resources of our land, here will take over the domestic market, economy. Under the provisions of the call forth its powers, build up its institu­ and the cost to the American taxpayer bill the Danes and people of other tions, promote all its great interests, and see will be at least three or four hundred cheese-producing countries will have whether we also in our day and generation million dollars or possibly more. ample quotas to ship a very substantial may not perform something worthy to be Mr. TALLE. The gentleman is cor­ portion of their cheese into the United remembered. rect. States. I trust that in our consideration of this The CHAIRMAN. The Chair .recog­ Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. If my col­ bill, important as it is to our entire Na­ nizes the gentleman from California league will pardon an interruption, he tion, we may do something worthy to be [Mr. WERDELJ. stated he was proud of his Danish an­ remembered. Mr. WERDEL. Mr. Chairman, I hope cestry. I also am proud of the fact that Mr. Chairman, you will recall the dis­ that the gentlemen of the fourth estate my ancestry is 100 percent Danish; but cussion of last year centering around were paying attention when the state­ at the same time I do not intend to give what is now current law, section 104, ment was made here that the estab­ to Denmark concessions that belong by which was adopted in this Chamber by lished foreign policy of our country is all rights to the farmers of our own coun­ a good vote and enacted into law. This the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act. try, America. year the administration demanded the If they were, they will recall that in Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. What repeal of section 104. After careful con­ 194o a gentleman campg,igning for the the gentleman has said is very appro­ sideration, however, the Committee on Presidency traveled over this country be­ priate at this time, and I thank him for Banking and Currency adopted my rating this Congress for passing the peril­ yielding to me. I would like to point out, amendment to continue section 104 with point provision in the Reciprocal Trade f:i.nce Denmark has been mentioned, and some modification, as specified in the Agreement Act. He went into the dis­ it is a good country, they have a good pending bill. I shall point out briefly trict of the author of that peril-point economy, they have hard money, they what section 104 in revised form pro­ provision and defeated the man in his are thrifty people, their credit is good in vides. It does two things: district because he had caused unpatri­ the United States; but I was kind of sur­ First. It permits the Secretary of Agri­ otiJ limitations to be placed upon the prised when I read that they had received culture to relax import restrictions on Executive 4 years ago. I am particu­ a gift from the United States of $240,- certain fats, oils, peanuts, rice, butter, larly interested in the remark because 000,000 since 1948, $240,000,000 since cheese, and other dairy products, up to 1 think it is this same subject that caused 1948-$240,000,000-nearly a quarter of an additional 10 percent of the import me to make my first appearance in the a billion dollars. They used $80,000,000 limitat~on for each type or variety. well of the House. I had called the of that to pay off their national debt at Second. It clarifies the intent of Con­ State Department and wanted a copy of a time when our debt was going up and gress to exempt from import controls the last reciprocal-trade conversations our taxes were also going up. I do not the noncompetitive types or varieties of in London. They told me that even blame the Danish Government for get­ the specified commodities, as in the case though under the Constitution it is the ting something from our give-away pro­ of certain types or varieties of cheese. power of the Congress, .and their duty gram. Other countries did much better. My amendment as contained in the and responsibility, to fix tariffs to pro­ Let me say in the balance of the time pending bill will continue to give protec­ tect our agriculture, our industry, and so kindly secured for me by my able col­ tion to domestic producers of these prod­ our standard of living, that we had con­ league from Minnesota, that we must do ucts but will authorize the Secretary of veyed that power to the Executive, and something to protect the production of Agriculture to modify import restric­ they took the position that individual vital foods in the United States. Dairy tions when advisable in the light of in­ Members of Congress were not entitled products, which are covered by this bill, ternational conditions and trade. I to know what the conversations were. are vital foods. We must increase our urge that section 104 in this modified On my first occasion in this well I production here in order to safeguard form be retained in the bill. pointed out that our mines in the West the welfare of the American people. Un­ Mr. Chairman, we often speak of car­ would close unless they were protected limited imports of dairy products will rying on a great missionary enterprise. by tariffs to the extent of labor cost, and seriously injure domestic production. We are and can continue to be the lead­ I tell you today they are clm:ed. In one The amendment offered by the gentle­ er of the free world, if we carry on our of my counties alone, mines that em­ man from Louisiana to strike section 104 affairs in a sensible manner. Granted ployed between five and ten thousand from the bill must be defeated. · that we are carrying on a great mission­ people that did produce copper, that did Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, I ask ary enterprise the world over, I want to produce zinc, that did produce lead are unanimous consent that all debate on say that I have never known any mis­ closed. Those people are seeking work this amendment and all amendments sionary enterprise to succeed without a some place where they can make $18 a thereto conclude at 4: 15. strong home base. Our home base is day so that they can pay for the ice Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, I would here in the United States of America, boxes that are made in the industrial like 5 minutes in opposition to the and we must see to it that it remains areas that the gentleman from New York amendment. strong. If we do not guard, protect and supports. Yes; they are closed, and what The CHAIRMAN. The Chair sees but strengthen our home base-the great they produce, gentlemen, is out of the three gentlemen on their feet seeking missionary enterprise we are engaged in world supply, So when you talk about recognition. That would give the gen­ throughout the world will fail. Let us our manufacturers at home then you are tleman 5 minutes. retain in the bill section 104 as revised. admitting the folly of your ways 4 years Is there objection to the request of Such action will, in my opinion, conform ago, because we now must compete in · the gentleman from Kentucky that all to the objectives so clearly and forcibly the world market for the materials nec­ debate on this amendment and all promulgated by Daniel Webster. essary to keep our industries going. We amendments thereto conclude at 4: 15? Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. are weakened, as Webster pointed out, There was no ·objection. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? by the very fact that we destroyed our The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman Mr. TALLE. I yield to the gentleman ability to produce. It is one thing to from Inwa [Mr. TALLE] is recognized. from Minnesota. experiment with this in metals, but let Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, as I pro­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Due to me tell the gentlemen from the metro­ ceed to sl]eak, may I say that I do so in the limitation of time we have not had politan areas, do not experiment with 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7653 the food of the Nation. Let us not de· Mr. ABBITT. I yield to the gentle­ Agriculture to limit imports under cer· stroy our ability to feed our people, and man from Minnesota. tain conditions, and it does not deal in that is what this amendment does. We Mr. AUGUST . H. ANDRESEN. The any manner with the price of the im­ cannot have our standard of living unless gentleman knows this amendment gives ported commodity or its relationship to this Congress protects it, and ·I say to authority to the Secretary of Agriculture the domestic price level for competitive you that the time is not far o:fi when we to limit imports of certain commodities, products in this country. are going to be protecting the standard including peanuts. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle· of living of the men in your very indus· Mr. ABBITT. That is right. man from New York desire to be heard trial areas with tari:fis. Either you are Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. May I on the amendment? going to do it or we are not going to have ask the gentleman if he can clarify this, Mr. MULTER. I do, Mr. Chairman. that standard of living. and he is a great expert on peanuts as Mr. Chairman, obviously the amend­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog. well as on other products: The support ment is in order because it simply puts nizes the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. price on peanuts in this country is 12 in as one of the provisions that the Sec­ ABBITT]. cents a pound in the support program. retary of Agriculture must consider the Mr. ABBITT. Mr. Chairm&n, I want Mr. ABBITT. That is correct. di:fierential in price between the im­ to express my appreciation to the com· Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The ported article and the domestic article. mittee for its consideration of this mat· average world price of peanuts today is The CHAffiMAN (Mr. MILLS). The ter. This is no new matter that has just between 4 and 5 cents a pound. I am Chair is ready to rule. come before this body. For a number informed by the Department of Agricul­ The gentleman from New York [Mr. of years we had a provision in the law ture that the moment these controls MuLTER] o:fiers an amendment at page 3, taking care of these imports, imposing were removed on imports our country line 13, to which the gentleman from restrictions on them. That law was would be flooded with possibly 1,000,000 Minnesota [Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN] fixed so that it expired every 2 years. to 2,000,000 tons of peanuts from Africa makes a point of order. The Chair has It so happened that the last expiration and other countries that would be at. had an opportunity to examine the date was last year. No hearings were tracted here on account of the higher amendment, and the language of the bill held on that. I know I introduced a bill price, which would mean that the Gov. to which the amendment is made. The to extend it for 2 years. So did the gen. ernment would buy the peanuts raised · Chair is of the opinion that the amend­ tleman from Minnesota [Mr. AUGUST H. in the United States at 12 c.ents a pound ment is germane, and overrules the ANDRESEN], and a number of other Mem· and the foreign peanuts would come in a point of order made by the gentleman bers who were interested -in these con· little under the support price and take from Minnesota. trois introduced similar bills, extending over the market. Is not that right? Mr. MULTER. Mr. Chairman, this the law. But they were not reported Mr. ABBITT. Yes. Last year be­ amendment very simply takes at their out by the committee. When the De· tween the time the regular law expired word every Member of this House who fense Production Act was here last year and this act went into e:fiect from 4 has contended that he is not attempt~ng the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. to 10 shiploads of peanuts were brought to keep out of this country any import AUGUST H. ANDRESEN], myself, and others into this country; that is, while the offi­ that is not in competition with a domes­ introduced similar amendments, and the cials were getting- ready to administer tic item. Section 104 has been referred amendment o:fiered by the gentleman this new act. That shows you the danger to as the cheese amendment because it from Minnesota was adopted. That we are facing. a:fiects cheese more than anything else. amendment provided some small change Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. If this So let me tell you how it operates with and provided for tighter controls than provision of the bill is adopted and be­ reference to cheese. I have before me a had been in the original law. The comes a law and is properly adminis. schedule of retail prices on domestic and amendment, it is true, was aeopted with· tered, it will do justice to the importers imported cheese. I will not take the out hearings. It was adopted by the and it will also give fair treatment to time to read all of it now, but I will put other body, and then became the law of the American producers and consumers. it in the RECORD as part of my remarks. the land. Mr. ABBITT. I agree with the gen. Let me give you some of the examples I realize there was some criticism tleman. It is a compromise that has as to how it would a:fiect the imports if of the amendment in that it was too been worked out to protect our farmers, this amendment of mine were adopted. harsh, it was too restrictive. Now our to allow us as much free trade as pos­ If the imported article is selling at more great committee has given it new study sible. than 10 percent of the price in American and gone into the matter and brought· I hope the amendment will be voted currency, and I put in American. cur­ out a revised form of the restriction W6 down and the provision as reported by rency because yesterday the gentleman imposed last year. This is not a Johnny. this great Committee on Banking and from Minnesota said the foreign curren­ come-lately matter. It is a matter that Currency will be placed in the law. cies are devaluated and we do not want has been enacted into law for a number The CHAIRMAN. The question is on to compete with these devaluated foreign of years. The provision we have now the amendment o:fiered by the gentle­ currencies, to make it certain that we meets almost all the objections that have man from Louisiana [Mr. BoGGs]. are dealing with the price of the im­ been raised by the State Department. The question was taken; and on a di­ ported article here in our dollars, I say It lodges great discretionary powers in vision (demanded by Mr. CELLER) there if the di:fierential is 10 percent higher the Secretary of Agriculture. It gives were ayes 25, noes 105. on the imported article than the dDmes. protection to our American farmer. So the amendment was rejected. tic article, then this provision is inop­ Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, Mr. MULTER. Mr. Chairman, I o:fier erative. will the gentleman yield? an amendment. Let us take some of the di:fierent types Mr. ABBITT. I yield. The Clerk read as follows: of cheese. American Cheddar sells at 79 Mr. HAYS of Ohio. In other words, Amendment offered by Mr. MULTER: On cents a pound. Canadian at 75 cents. this is a compromise amendment de. page 3, line 13, after the word "trade" in­ Therefore, the provisions would be op­ signed to meet the worst objections to sert "Provided further, however, That the erative as to Canadian Cheddar. the ame4dment that was incorporated provisions of this section shall be inoper· As to blue cheese, the domestic is 75 in the act last year? ative as against any import, the retail sell­ cents a pound; the imported is 79 cents Mr. ABBITT. That is right. I think ing price of which is more than 10-percent a pound. It is the blue cheese more than it goes a long way in legitimately meet· higher in American currency than the same any other that the cheese people ap­ similar or simulated domestically produced parently are concerned with. There­ ing those objections. We are not voting items." here today for the strict amendment fore, the section will be operative as to that was passed last time, but it is one Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. blue cheese. · that has been given due study by the Chairman, I make a point of order Take Roquefort, there is no competi· committee and I . think fully meet.s the against the amendment, that the tion with imported Roquefort cheese. objections that have been raised to the amendment deals with price and is not So said every dairyman who has dis­ law. germane to this section. This section cussed the matter. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. deals exclusively with imports and au­ Take Italian cheese, the imported Chairman, will the gentleman yield? thority in the hands of the Secretary of cheese sells from 89 cents to $1.09 a 7654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 pound. Domestic variety sells at from any item that is not in competition with rangements between employers and em­ 59 to 79 cents a pound. your domestic item. ployees: Provided, That such terms and con­ Domestic Swiss cheese sells at 59 79 I am sure there can be no objection to ditions shall be consistent with wage and to price stabilization policies under this act. cents a pound. Imported Swiss cheese this amendment, and I urge its adoption. "'(2) The President shall make provision sells at $1.19 to $1.29 a pound. The comparative prices of domestic for such stenographic, clerical, and other as­ So by this amendment we will elimi­ and imported cheeses of different types sistance and such facilities, services, and nate from the operation of this section are as follows: supplies as may be necessary to enable the compensation board to perform its functions. Retail price June 19, 1952 " ' (e) During the period in which the United States is in possession of any A. Schur, Nat Drucker, Phil Alpert, Karton, 131 plant under this section, the President shall Washington Washington 235 Fulton Charles St., Composite of maintain such terms and conditions of em­ Cheese type Market, New Market, New 'St. New New York 3 other stores York City York City York City City ployment with respect to the employees in the plant as may be determined from time to time by the compensation board under American Cheddar______$0. 79 $0. 79 $0.59 ------Canadian Cheddar______• 75 the authority of subsection (d), but he shall .85 • 69 ------.------not enter into any contract governing such Danish Blue ____ ------• 79 .79 ------­ Domestic Blue __ ------• 75 . 75 ------terms and conditions with the representa­ English Stilton _____ ------____ _ 1. 69 ------tives of such employees. French Roquefort_------~---- 1. 29 Domestic ProvolonL______. 79 1: ~ ------:59------$o:69- ---io:6s=.$0:69 " '(f) Whenever any plant is in the pos­ Imported ProvolonL ------1. 09 1. 09 . 89 . 99 1. 19- 1. 30 session of the United States under this sec­ Domestic P armesano______. 99 1 tion, it shall be the duty of the officers and Imported Parmesano______2 1. 49 ( ) a. 99 ------ii:i9- :::::::::::::: 1: ~~ 1: ~g employees of the plant to cooperate fully Domestic Swiss ____ ------,------. 69 • 615 • 59 . 79 ------with the United States in the efficient opera­ Imported Swiss______1. 29 1.29 1. 19 1. 25 ------Italian Pecorino Romano ______------1. 25 • 89-1. 29 • 89-1. 20 • 95- 1. 19 tion of the plant, and it shall also be the duty Domestic Romano 6_ ------(1) •. 69 (1) ------of the officers of any labor organization whose Argentine Romano ______------.99 ------­ members are employees of such plant to Domestic Swiss-type Gruyere______------e. 39 ------Imported Gruyere______------____ ------encourage such employees to give their full 6. 49 ------Domestic Sardo (hard-grating Romano · cooperation to the United States in the type) ____ ------_ ------_------__ _ • 72- . 79 operation of the plant. Argentine Sardo ______------• 72- • 79 "'(g) Nothing in this act shall be con­ strued to require an individual employee to 1 Not available. render labor or service without his consent, 2 Italian. a Argentine. or to deny any person whose property has • When available. been taken over by the United States under • Regular Romano type (domestic) not available in 10 stores contacted. this act the right to a judicial determination e 6 portions. of just compensation. Pursuant to leave granted to me in recommendation of the National Security "'(h) When the President shall have re­ Council, shall find that the national defense turned to its lawful owner any plant posses­ the House I desire to call the attention sion of which is taken under this section, lie of my colleagues to the following news is endangered by a stoppagP. of production or a thr.eatened stoppage of production in shall transmit to the Congress a full and item which appeared in today's Journal any one or more plants, mines, or facilities, comprehensive report of all the proceedings of Commerce: in the case, including the events leading up as a result of the present management-labor to the taking of possession by the United DECLINES IN ExPORTS, IMPORTS LED BY dispute in the steel industry, the President is States, together with such recommendations AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS empowered and authorized to take possession as he may see fit to make.' " WASHINGTON, June 19.-A sharp drop in of and to operate such plants, mines, or the value of agricultural products shipped facilities (hereinafter referred to as Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, a point out of this country in April was principally "plants"). of order. responsible for the drop in total exports " ' (b) During the period in which the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman which took place that month, the Census United States is in possession of any plant will state it. Bureau disclosed today. under this section, the duly designated repre­ sentatives of the employees and the manage­ Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I make April exports totaled $1,321,800,000. This the point of order that the amendment was $82,700,000 below the March volume of ment of the plant shall be obliged to con­ $1,404,500,000. During this time the drop in tinue collective bargaining for the purpose is out of o:rder on the ground that it is value of major export products amounted to of settling the ifsues in dispute between not germc..ne to this section or to this $69,7(10,000. them: Provided, That during such period, the bill; that it is affirmative legislation not GRAIN EXPORTS Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service within the purview of the jurisdiction shall continue to encourage the settlement Wheat exports dropped from $111,600,000 of the dispute by the parties concerned. covered by the language of this act. to $85,800,000. Corn exports fell off from " ' (c) Whenever an agreement concerning Mr. BOLLING. Will the gentleman $21,400,000 to $15,000,000. Exports of other the terms and conditions of employment reserve the point of order? grains amounted to only $20,500,000 in April shall have been reached by representatives of Mr. FULTON. I will be glad to re­ as against $27,900,000 in March. the employees and the management of a serve it. Cotton exports meanwhile declined in plant in the possession of the United States The CHAIRMAN'. The gentleman value from $94,200,000 to $73,800,000 and under this section, or whenever in the judg­ tobacco exports from $16,000,000 to $11,100,­ from Pennsylvania reserves his point of ment of the President it is no 1011ger neces­ order. The gentleman from Missouri is ooo. Lard exports which were $11,700,000 in sary in the interest of the national defense March amounted to only $6,900,000. the fol­ to continue possession and operation of any recognized. lowing month. Dairy product exports de­ such plant, the President shall return such Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Chairman, the clined from $7,200,000 to $5,200,000. plant to the person lawfully entitled thereto: fact that a point of order is to be made The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Provided, That possession by the United against this amendment is but a clear the amendment offered by the gentle­ States shall be terminated not later than 6 indication that as the Supreme Court, man from New York [Mr. MuLTER]. months after the date upon which possession or at least certain Justices of the Su­ of the plant was taken initially under this preme Court, have pointed out in their The question was taken; and on a di­ section, unless the period of possession is vision (demanded by Mr. MULTER) there extended by an act of Congress. decision deciding that the President did were-ayes 30, noes 86. "'(d) (1) When possession of any plant not have authority to seize the steel So the amendment was rejected. has been taken by the United States under plants, the unwillingness of Congress to Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Chairman, I of­ this section, a compensation board of five meet the situation which confronts us fer an amendment, which is at the desk. members shall be established, to be appoint­ today when we find ourselves in a con­ The Clerk read as follows: ed by the President, by and with the advice dition where our people are denied the and consent of the Senate. The compensa­ advantages of steel production, where Amendment offered by Mr. BoLLING: On tion board shall determine (i) the amount the whole defense eff_ort is affected by page 3, line 15, insert the following section: to be paid as just compensation to the owner "SEc. 103. Title II of the Defense Produc­ of any plant of which possession is taken and lack of steel production; the crucial is­ tion Act of 1950, as amended, is amended (11) fair terms and conditions of employment sue that confronts the Congress today is by adding at the end thereof the following of the employees in any such plant for the restoring production in the steel plants. new section: period of operation by the United States, Equally crucial, equally important in the "'SEc. 202. (a) Whenever the President of other than changes relating to union shop, consideration which the Congress should of the United States, acting upon the written maintenance of membership, and similar ar- give to this subject is the manner of the 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7655 restoration of steel production; it should The CHAffiMAN. Does the gentle­ conditions of employment in each case be the most equitable. man from Pennsylvania renew the point that comes up. That is for business, Until recently we have maintained of order? management, and labor to sit together steel production by various methods, Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I re­ and discuss. They know the steel busi­ methods based on the patriotism of new the point of order. ness, and politics and Government inter­ management and labor, and on the ef­ The CHAffiMAN. Does the gentle­ ference will ruin it. We in Congress set forts of the President of the United man from Missouri desire to be heard the method for collective-bargaining States. Now, after a period of more on the point of order? procedures. Congress has provided than 150 days after contract reopening Mr. BOLLING. I do not, Mr. Chair­ ample legislation for the method for the we find ourselves once more without steel man. handling of labor-management disputes, production. I think it is very significant The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is ready · although I agree there is room for that the Supreme Court took cognizance to rule on the point of order. amendment in the interests of efficiency, of the fact that the Congress, although Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, may I and expediting even-handed justice. having received two messages from the be heard on the point of order? Mr. YATES. Mr. Chairman, will the President, had taken no action. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is ready gentleman yield? I understand why so many Members to rule. If the gentleman wants to be Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle­ are anxious to avoid affirmative action heard further on the point of orde:.· the man from Illinois. in this matter; it seems to me very Chair will be glad to hear the gentleman. Mr. YATES. Does the public have any clear, and I am entirely sure that the The gentleman from Missouri [Mr. interest in the steel strike? American people understand why the BoLLING] offered an amendment to page Mr. FULTON. The public certainly Congress does not desire to settle this 3, line 14, of the bill. The gentleman has an interest in the steel strike. The matter affirmatively and fairly. There from Pennsylvania [Mr. FuLTON] makes public has enough interest that it wants needs to be no. explanation on the floor a point of order against the amendment to see management and labor sit down of this House why that is. The Ameri­ on the ground it is not germane. and collectively bargain and settle the can people know what year this is and The Chair has had an opportunity to steel strike and protect and supply our what month this is and what the Con­ study the amendment offered by the gen­ men in Korea. But why should anyone gress is doing. But it seems to me im­ tleman from Missouri [Mr. BoLLING] and try to put the burden on the Congress? perative that we now recognize that al­ it is the opinion of the Chair that the Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, will though Korea is 2 years in the past, in amendment proposes to · make basic the gentleman yield? its beginning it is still with us, that the changes in our labor legislation. The Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle­ world situation today is no less grave amendment proposes further to amend man from Indiana. than it was 2 years ago, that we must title II of the Defense Production Act Mr. HALLECK. The gentleman from in this country, if we are to have an ade­ of 1950, which is the authority to requi­ Missouri speaks of the failure of the quate defense for ourselves and our sition property. The amendment goes Congress to deal with the matter of allies, have a continuing production of beyond, as the Chair understands the seizure. I would point out to him that steel. amendment, the mere requisition of provisions for seizure have been before And we must do more than give lip property and, as the Chair has stated, the Congress and they have been turned service today in this year of our Lord, proposes to make changes in our labor down by the Congress. Now, I, too, be­ 1952, to the principle which we all know laws. lieve in the right of labor and manage­ with great joy,. equality of sacrifice. In view of the fact that it goes be­ ment to bargain collectively. That is We have permitted ourselves to get in yond the scope of title IT of the Defense the cornerstone of our competitive enter­ a position where, in the eyes of the Production Act of 1950, the Chair is prise system. These folks who prate of world and in the eyes of many Ameri­ constrained to sustain the point of order their great love for labor and manage­ can people, the Congress of the United made by the gentleman from Pennsyl­ ment bargaining collectively ought to States is acting on behalf of one side vania [Mr. FuLTON]. The point of recognize that resort to seizure, as a gen­ of a labor-management dispute. order is sustained. eral proposition, dealing with labor dis­ Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, Ire­ Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I move putes, will be the death knell to collec­ new the point of order and ask unani­ tive bargaining. to strike out the last word. Mr. FULTON. I agree with the gen­ mous consent to speak on the point of Mr. Chairman, the question has come order. tleman from Indiana and thank him for up here, not only on the point of order, his support. I opposed seizure strongly The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will be but the reasons behind the point glad to hear the gentleman from Penn­ from the time the question of seizure of order. As you all know, I come from came up and spoke against it in this sylvania on the point of order, which a great industrial area and know, I does not require unanimous consent. House. I represent the great southern think, a little about what is happening portion of the city of Pittsburgh and Mr. FULTON. · Mr. Chairman, I move on the strike front. If I can say any­ to strike out the last word. Allegheny County and, with the gentle­ thing in disagreement, I say this strongly woman from Pennsylvania jointly repre­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman in disagreement of the statement by the from Pennsylvania may address the sent the city of Clairton, a tremendous previous speaker when he says that Con­ steel-producing area of this country. Chair, if he desires to do so, on the point gress should decide to settle this pres­ of order. Seize steel and you seize the whole city. ent dispute. Congress should stay out We in Pittsburgh and Clairton do not Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, what of the steel strike, and should not dic­ want to operate our basic industries un­ was the gentleman from Missouri speak­ tate the terms of settlement to either der the Government; we do not want to ing on? side. It is not your job and it is not my nationalize the steel industry. In Eng­ The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman job as legislators. land they seized the basic industries one from Missouri was speaking on his The steel strike should be settled by time more than they gave them back. amendment because the gentleman from collective bargaining, by agreement be­ They legislated and investigated the pri­ Pennsylvania decided to reserve his tween the parties sitting a~ the collec­ vate owners right out of existence. The point of order. tive-bargaining table, and the more Gov. British Government investigated steel Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ ernment stays out of collective bargain­ and coal and management was backed man, a point of order. ing the better it is going to be for every­ against the wall, and they interfered The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman . body. Our current trouble is that there until there was no security for either will state it. has been too much interference by the labor or management. But the British Mr. SlVilTH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ executive department of the Govern­ Government did it for the best of mo­ man, the point of order is that the ment. When a Member gets up on the tives to be helpful, but with disastrous amendment is not germane to the pend­ fioor of the House and says it is the duty results to labor, management, the pri­ ing bill, it involves labor legislation ex­ of Congr, ss to administer the law,! think vate owners, as well as the whole British clusively within the jurisdiction of the he is misguided. It. is the duty of the economy. Committee on Education ~nd Labor. . Executive to administer the laws, be­ My policy all along has been that Mr. FULTON. Mr. . Chairman, my cause this body of 435 Members cannot Congress should set the method and then point of order is pending. vote on wages and hours and prices and say to business, industry, and labor, "You 7656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 19 do your own settling and make your own do so now. But here we are writing a President has entered into-! will not contracts, and stay away from the Con­ bill that will have in it something other say a foul or a vile conspiracy, we will gress." If the President and the Federal than controls as originally intended. call it a holy alliance to go along with mediation agencies are not doing their There are some things which will be the union leaders to serve the purpose of job in assisting these people toward written in this bill in which I believe. Phil Murray. Look: Lo and behold who their own agreed settlement, I am very For example, I believe that the Presi­ comes to his aid? John L. Lewis who sorry that the President feels it should dent should use the law on the books. had a judgment of the Supreme Court be turned into the lap of the Congress, He took an oath that he would enforce rendered against him personally at one because ours is a legislative job and not the law, not part of the law-not part of time for contempt of the law. Did he an executive job. the law. He said that after the Taft­ not pay a fine for defying the law and the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman,. Hartley law was adopted he would en­ courts? He should have gone to jail. will the gentleman yield? force it, yet he does not do it. But here he is again. John says that he Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle· Then he came up here and asked the will contribute to those who are now re­ man from Massachusetts. Congress to tell him what to do. Com­ fusing-refusing I say to the gentleman Mr. McCORMACK. The main ·ques­ mon decency, common courtesy, re­ from Massachusetts-to produce steel tion is the question of the production of quires that we answer him, and I am in which is needed to carry on the war steel. On the question of collective bar­ favor of telling him to go ahead and per­ effort, he will contribute what is it? gaining, I think very few would disagree form his sworn duty by using the Taft­ Ten million dollars to those steelworkers with the position taken by the gentle· Hartley Act. He said he would. I want to aid them in staying off the job of pro­ man. The important thing in the emer· by our action on this bill to assure the ducing steel. Where did he get it? He gency of today that confronts our coun­ people and have him assure the people by got it out of the consumers of coal after t::-y and the world is the question of the his action, not words, that he is a man the men who mined the coal had been production of steel and that is lost sight of veracity, a man of his word, that he paid their wages and John had levied his of. I would like to ask my friend this will enforce the law. tribute on each and every pay check a question. The Supreme Court has said We will get an amendment to this bill miner received-that is on the wages that the President did not have the power which will require the President, or re­ ultimately paid by the consumers of coal. to seize. Congress does have the power quest the President, to enforce the Taft­ We are not getting steel today because to pass legislation. I want to ask my Hartley Act. I like that. It is a kindly of this political alliance between the friend, Does he think the President respectful answer to his request, to a President of the United States and the should use the provisions of the Taft­ man in trouble. I would like to see it go president of the CIO, backed up by that Hartley Act? through. defier of the law, John L. Lewis, · who Mr. FULTON. I believe this­ we will get an amendment th(;n cur­ you will remember contributed better Mr. McCORMACK. Does he? tailing the powers of the Wage Stabiliza· than a half million dollars to the cam­ Mr. FULTON. I believe this-- tion Board. I like that. I would like to paign of President Roosevelt at one time Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, will vcte for that. The Sadlak amendment when· he mistakenly thought, let it be the gentleman yield? is in. I like that. I voted for it. There said to the credit of President Roosevelt, Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle­ are three things that will be in the bill, that he was going to have something to man from Indiana. and probably half a dozen more if the say about the policies of that adminis­ Mr. McCORMACK. Of course, I will amendments go through, that I like, that tration as they applied to labor. withdraw my question. I want to vote for. But I do not want to If our Armed Forces are short of steel, Mr. HALLECK. The gentleman does · vote for controls. I hope someone dur­ if this country is short of steel, for do­ not need to worry about withdrawing it. ing the evening or the night, and before mestic use, it is becat~se the President of Let me say that I have said before, and tomorrow morning will give me a word the United States has betrayed the peo­ I say again, the ,President of the United of advice on how I can escape the dilem· ple and has refused to go along with States ought to use the law of the land rna in which I find myself. the law which the Congress has written, that was worked out by the Congress The gentleman from Massachusetts and which he said he would take and after careful consideration to deal with [Mr. McCoRMACK] asked our colleague he now refuses to use. He refutes and national emergency strikes. Whether he from Pennsylvania [Mr. FULTON] wheth­ goes back on his own solemn oath, on likes the law or not, he ought to use it. er he was in favor of enforcing the Taft­ his promise made after the Taft-Hartley Mr. McCORMACK. Does the gentle­ Hartley Act or asking the President to ·Act was passed. He refuses to do his man think the President should use the do so. If you ask me, my answer is, duty to the men he has sent to Korea. provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act? The Sure I am. Is the gentleman from Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I gentleman can say "Yes" or "No." Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMAcK] not in rise in opposition to the motion. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the favor of that? Why, he ought to be. Mr. Chairman, this is a little interest· gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex­ Now he is going to take 5 minutes here ing interlude which has brought a great pired. to give us one of those long, pleasing, and deal of pleasure to the Members. The Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I ask instructive political discourses. gentleman from Michigan has made his unanimous consent to proceed for three Mr. McCORMACK. Does the gentle­ usual remarks about John L. Lewis. I additional minutes. man want me to answer the question? wonder how John L. Lewis feels about Mr. SPENCE. I object, Mr. Chairman. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. If the being attacked by a Republican when Mr. F'ULTON. Mr. Chairman, I ask gentleman desires to do so. John L. Lewis supported the Republican unanimous consent to proceed for two Mr. McCORMACK. Does the gentle- Party in 1940, 1944, and 1948. But that additional minutes. man ask me, am I? is his problem and not mine. John L. Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, I am Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Yes. Lewis is a man with whom I have not going to follow the statement I made Mr. McCORMACK. No. always agreed. He is a man of strong earlier. I am going to object to any ex- Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. There character and I have a great deal of tension of time. . you are. He is not in favor of suggesting respect for him, because he has done Mr. FULTON. Let it be on the record, to the Chief Executive, who ignores his much good for the mine workers and I may say to my good friend, the gen­ sworn duty, who said that he would en­ their families. I can remember in 1933, tleman from Massachusetts, that I have force the law but does not do it, he is not as a member of the Committee on Ways honestly tried to answer the question. in favor of coming along and politely and Means, when I voted to report out Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. just requesting his President and my the bill creating the Bituminous Coal Chairman, I offer a preferential motion. President to comply with his oath of Commission. The mine workers and The Clerk read as follows: office. He is welcome to take that posi­ their families are deeply indebted to the Mr. HoFFM"N of Michigan moves that the tion before the House and before the Democratic Party for that measure Committee do now rise and report the bill country. I want none of it. The gen. which saved them economically. back to the House with the recommendation tleman said that what we needed is the Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will the that the enacting clause be stricken out. production of steel. Why is not steel be­ gentleman yield for a question? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. ing produced . now-today-why? Oh, Mr. McCORMACK. I yield. Chairman, I have never voted for any let us be realists. There is only one rea­ Mr. FULTON. In April of 1948 and in control legislation and I do not want to son and we all know that answer. The June of 1948 and in February 1950, 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE '7657 President Truman used the Taft-Hartley of steel from the steelworkers, while the It is not the duty of this Congress to say law against the coal miners and against Wage Stabilization Board panel was re­ what the contract should be or to ad­ John L. Lewis. ceiving evidence. Instead of being crit­ minister any law, including the Taft­ Mr. McCORMACK. Will the gentle­ icized, Phil Murray has shown that he Hartley law. man answer my question now. Are you is a man of outstanding ability and has In the present steel industry dispute in favor of the President invoking the cooperated in every way possible. the President did not quickly move to do Taft-Hartley Act now? I do not want to get into any criticism anything, and when he did move he Mr. FULTON. Were you in favor of of management. There are questions moved toward an unconstitutional ac­ the President using the Taft-Hartley in dispute that should be adjusted tion, seizure. Of course, the Supreme law in April of 1948 against the coal around the table through collective Court struck down this seizure action. miners and in June 1948, against the bargaining. I recognize the question of a The Supreme Court, in its opinion, said coal miners, and in February 1950, union shop; what kind of a union shop is the President had not yet exhausted his against the coal miners? Do you agree a matter of collective bargaining. That statutory remedies. That was correct. that the President was right on those was a recommenRMACK]. If the gentleman from Penn­ the gentleman from California yield that Mr. McCORMACK. One of the rec­ sylvania is ready, I will yield to him to I may ask a question of the gentleman ommendations was a 12%-cent in­ give him an opportunity to answer that from Pennsylvania? crease, retroactive to January of this Mr. McDONOUGH. I yield. year, with a 2%-cent increase starting questioo. Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, when Mr. MULTER. Is it not a fact that July 1 of this year, and another 2V2-cent in not one of the nine instances the increase starting in January, 1953. the Congress passed the Taft-Hartley gentleman from Pennsylvania has re­ There are certain fringe benefits recom­ law I voted for the Taft-Hartley law. ferred to where the Taft-Hartley Act mended. I felt the President would impartially was invoked, in not one instance has the How many of you realize that the steel use the powers of his office in disputes union or the workers withheld action workers do not get 1 penny for a holiday between management and labor and and withheld striking for 119 days as throughout the year? The General would act impartially, but it has been aimed against certain groups. I find the they did in the steel industry? Electric workers, in their union contract, Mr. FULTON. Does not the gentle­ receive pay for seven holidays through­ President has used the Taft-Hartley law nine times; used it nine times, beginning man think it is dishonest to the workers out the year. One of the fringe sugges­ because they have been led on for these tions made was that the steel workers with atomic energy in March of 1948. Then, in June 1948, he used it on the 119 days by the White House? receive six holidays' pay throughout the Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, I year. meat-packing industry. Two times he used it in 1948, and once in 1950 on the refuse to yield further. On March 21, the very day after the Mr. MULTER. They have not been Wage Stabilization Board made its coal industry. In addition to that, he recommendations, the General Electric used the law in connection with the led on, but it would not be fair to them Co. management issued a state­ long -distance telephone lines in May of to ask them to wait another 80 days. ment to its employees and in a letter 1948. Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, I sent out stated that even with the wage Also on the east and west coasts and decline to yield further. increase recommended by the Wage tn the Great Lakes maritime industry he Mr. Chairman, I think it is abundantly Stabilization Board, the employees of used the law in August of 1948. In ad­ evident that if the President in the be­ the General Electric Co. were get­ dition to that in 1951 he used the law on ginning of the steel strike had justifia­ ting higher wages and better fringe the copper mine unions. Under those bly exhausted all legislative means at benefits. circumstances where the President him­ his command the situation would be President Truman has urged the lead­ self has said the law was a valid instru­ much different and we would be produc­ ers of the steel workers not to resort ment for assisting collective bargaining ing steel today; but because he did not, to a strike. The 80 days under the Taft­ procedures and not for repressing human his action in seizing the steel industry· Hartley Act would have transpired long rights, on that basis I say the President was properly declared unconstitutional ago. President Truman has more than in his discretion should use the Taft­ by the Supreme Court. accomplished the provisions of the Taft­ Hartley law, except where it will cause Mr. MEADER. Mr. Chairman, I of­ Hartley Act by continuing production undue hardship. That is his discretion. fer an amendment. 7658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·HOUSE June 19 The Clerk read as follows:· world in this particular field; the world Mr. SPENCE. I yield to the gentle­ Amendment offered by Mr. MEADER: Page S, controls us. man from Illinois. after line 14, add a new section as follows: . When it comes to tin, rubber, zinc, Mr. YATES. The appropriations sub­ "SEC. 103. Title I of the Defense Produc­ lead, copper, and many other items, we committee, of which I am a member, has tion Act of 1950 as amended, is amended by get much of these supplies from the before it now the question as to whether adding at. the end thereof a new section to world. My best recollection is that 74 or not the Atomic Energy Program read as follows: percent of all the strategic materials shall be expanded by $3,900,000,000. It · "'SEC. 105. No authority is conferred under which are used in connection with the has been presented to our committee this act to participate in international allo- _ cations of commodities or materials and the defense program come from overseas and that almost all of the uranium needed provisions of this act may not be used to these can be cut off from us if the world for that program comes from countries enforce or effectuate any such allocations.' " should feel we are getting too insular in other than our own. Who can say but our economic thinking. A good deal of what the effect of this amendment will Mr. MEADER. Mr. Chairman, this them could conceivably be diverted to the be to cut off the supply of uranium to amendment relates to the bill. It is a Communists and in addition and what this country. technical, drafting, perfecting amend­ is more important these materials can Mr. SPENCE. Of course it will. It ment to carry out what I believe is the cost us very much more money than will tie our hands not only to get these will of the House of Representatives as they do now. materials, but it will tie our hands in expressed a few minutes ago in connec­ We know what happened on mercury national defense. The bill should pass tion with the amendment offered by the frum Spain, where the price went up as it was presented to the House, and gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. SAD­ astronomically once the defense emer­ this amendment, if you wish to preserve LAK]. gency was upon us. We were similarly our security and give the national au­ Mr. Chairman, I spoke in support of in trouble on the price of tin. We · thorities the right to take such action as the Sadlak amendment and said at that started to be in for a similar situation may be necessary for that purpose, should time that I did not think his amend­ for a while on rubber and we could be be defeated. I venture to say that no ment went far enough because it lim­ "taken" on every · other similar com­ Member knows how far-reaching the ited its application only to the Interna­ modity if we blindly cut ourselves off effect of the amendment may be. tional Materials Conference. The In­ completely from all international co­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on ternational Materials Conference has no operation in respect to strategic ma­ the amendment offered by the gentle­ statutory basis or foundation. It was terials. · man from Michigan [Mr. MEADER]. something that was created out of the This is a matter of the most vital The question was taken; and on a di­ ether by the executive branch of the importance. We must not take a short­ vision jec­ fore our current offer. thereto do now close. tion to the amendment. It has been about 15 months since the Mr. WOLCOTT. Reserving the right The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ steelworkers had an adjustment. In .that to object, Mr. Chairman, are there any man from Georgia yield for a parlia­ time General Electric hourly employees have averaged over 15 cents pay increase allowed further amendments pending? mentary inquiry? and another possible 2 to 3 cents offered The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is not Mr. FORRESTER. I yield. currently. aware of any further amendments pend­ Mr. HARRIS. Does this mean we ing to section 102. have passed over section 103 already? This General Electric price increase Mr. WOLCOTT. Would the Chair en­ Mr. FORRESTER. They have read does not include any fringe benefits. tertain a parliamentary inquiry as to through section 103. They mention the fringe benefits fur­ whether there are any fur~her amend­ Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I raise ther, and I continue to quote from the ments pending? the point that section 104 has not been ietter: The CHAIRMAN. If the gentleman read, if the gentleman is offering an You will note the fringe benefits-even from Michigan desires to submit such a amendment to section 104. with the new additions-are only being parliamentary inquiry, the Chair will be Mr. FORRESTER. This is a new sec­ brought up into the neighborhood of those glad to entertain it. tion before you get to section 104. we have already. Our seven paid holidays, Mr. WOLCOTT. Will the Chair in The CHAIRMAN. Permit the Chair for instance, are now costing us· almost 5 turn ask the committee if there are any to advise the gentleman from Arkansas cents per hour. further amendments to section 102? that the gentlema:..1 from Georgia has So the head of General Electric, at The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will offered an amendment at page 3, after that time the Defense Mobilizer, would make the statement that if there are no line 18, to insert a new section. The deny to the CIO steelworkers that which further amendments to section 102 the amendment has been read and the Chair he had months ago thought fair and Clerk will read. has recognized the gentleman to proceed equitable to the employees of General Mr. WOLCOTT. I think that is the with debate. The gentleman in turn Electric. better way of handling it. yielded to the gentleman from Arkansas This whole thing merely proves that The Clerk read as follows: for a parliamentary inquiry. The point the steelworkers' requests are modest SEc. 103. The first sentence of section 302 of ord~r comes too late. and sincere. They are trying to catch up of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, is the to the advances made in all other major amended, is amended by inserting before the Chair holding that we have already segments of industry. period at the end thereof the following: passed section 103? The President has a law called the "', and manufacture of newsprint." The CHAIRMAN. It seems that the Taft-Hartley law. It has not been made Mr. FORRESTER. Mr. Chairman, I amendment offered by the gentleman from Georgia comes at the proper place. clea!, even by the gentleman from Penn­ offer an ~mendment. sylvania, when he was asked point blank The Clerk read as follows: Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, we ac- to answer '"yes" or "no,' whether or not cept the gentleman's amendment. · Amendment offered by Mr. FoRRESTER: On that law should be invoked. There were page 3, after line 18, insert the following new The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman only rather general references made to it. subsection: from Georgia may ptoceed. The Chair President Truman told Congress that "Section 104, paragraph 2 of subsection D will advise the gentleman that the time the Taft-Hartley law is a permissive of section 402 of the Defense Production Act consumed on the point raised by the piece cf legislation which could not be of 1950, as amended, is amended by inserting gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. HARRIS] effective in this situation, which is ex- after the first sentence the~eof the following is not being taken out of his time. . ; xcviii-482 :7660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 'June 19

Permit the Chair to inquire of the NEWSPRINT--EXTENSION OF DEFENSE of the Internal Revenue Act, but in gentleman from Arkansas if he has an PRODUCTION ACT nearly 2 years now only 375,000 tons of amendment to section 103? Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I move new capacity bas been projected by this Mr. HARRIS. No, Mr. Chairman; but to strike out the last word. route, although. the Defense Production I did want something to say on section Mr. Chairman, I want to comment on Administration itself has sponsored a 103. the importance of this section and em­ program totaling 494,000 tons increase. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will phasize what it means to the American The subcommittee, therefore, is have the opportunity to speak on sec­ people. By this section 103-, newsprint is pleased to note that in the extension of tion 103. included as necessary to our national the Defense Production Act, as reported, Mr. McDONOUGH: Mr. Chairman, defense. This extends the lending pro­ the Banking and Currency Committee will the gentleman yield for a parlia­ vision by Government to expansion of has approved the inclusion of a provision mentary inquiry? newsprint production. This is sorely in section 302 of the act which endorses Mr. FORRESTER. I yield . needed. It is a reflection on our ingenu­ the principle of a free press as essential . Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, is ity to be so dependent on foreign supply to defense by making it possible for new this on section 1,04 of the bill? of this necessary product. newsprint manufacturers to secure fi­ The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk has not Currently United states consumption nancial assistance through direct Gov­ yet read section 104. of newsprint is about 6,000,000 tons an­ ernment loans for this purpose. This The gentleman from Georgia may nually. This is supplied by some 1,050,- provision needs specific spelling out, as proceed. 000 tons of domestic production, 4,750,• hitherto defense agencies have not con­ Mr. CAMP. Mr. Chairman, I ask 000 tons imported from Canada, and strued their authority under this sec- · unanimous consent that the gentleman 200,000 tons imported from Scandinavia. tion as broad enough to cover the ex­ be given the proper 5 minutes of time, Slightly under 80 percent of total supply pansion of newsprint facilities. as he has not had a chance to speak one is derived from Canada. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, word on his amendment. Current United States newsprint man­ will the gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. If there is no ob­ ufacturing capacity is about 1,100,000 Mr. HARRIS. I yield to the gentle­ jection, the Chair will now recognize the tons, while that of Canada is some man from Massachusetts. gentleman froni Georgia [Mr. FoRRES­ 5,500,000 tons. Plants are presently run­ Mr. McCORMACK. In order that I TER] for 5 minutes. ning slightly over theoretical capacity. may advise the membership of the There was no objection. For some few months and right at the House, I wish to state that when we go Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, we moment there appears to be approximate back into the House I shall ask unani­ would like very much to hear the gen­ balance between over-all United States mous consent that when we adjourn to­ tleman's speech, but the committee will supply and demand. At best, however, day we adjourn to meet tomorrow at 10 accept his amendment. the situation is none too easy and there o'clock. I wanted to make that an­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair must is imbalance among publishers. Con­ nouncement of my intention, with such advise the gentleman from Georgia that sumption is estimated to be on the in­ a full membership. time is running against the .5 minutes crease in the amount of some 600,000 Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I am for which he has been recognized. tons in the next 6 years and 1,000,000 sure the membership is glad to have the Mr. FORRESTER. Mr. Chairman, I tons in the next 10 years. Canadian information and I thank the majority decline to yield further. manufacturers estimate that principally leader. We have all heard about the Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Chairman, I through speed-up of older facilities they very difficult situation with regard to had reserved the right to object, simply will have little difficulty in increasing newsprint. I wanted to commend the to tell the gentleman that I think he capacity to meet this estimated increased Committee on Banking and Currency for should take ·his 5 minutes, with the demand. including this amendment. knowledge that there is no objection to A basic problem is inherent in the ex­ Mr. SPENCE. I am very sure under his amendment on this side. tent to which both present United States the circumstances the committee is very Mr. FORRESTER. I am delighted to demand and the projected increase in appreciative of those kind words. bear that. I am extremely grateful that demand is dependent upon Canadian Mr. Chairman, I move that the Com­ the gentlemen on both sides of the aisle sources for its meeting. At the time of mittee do now rise. accept this amendment. I would like to the First World War most of the United Accordingly the Committee rose; and tell you a little about the amendment. States consumption was met domesti­ the Speaker having resumed the chair, This will relieve a lot of administrative cally. Not only was the subsequent in­ Mr. MILLS, Chairman of the Committee procedure on the part of your people, crease met by the building of plants in of the Whole House on the State of the whatever State you come from, and give Canada, but United States mills con­ Union, reported that the Committee hav­ you an opportunity to increase wages up verted to other types of paper making so ing had under consideration the bill to $1 per hour, without having to resort that today we have less newsprint capac­ (H. R. 8210) to amend and extend the to the Wage Board. I believe every one ity than 30 years ago. Defense Production Act of 1950, as of you are for it. I appreciate the fact Actually, this situation, as we have amended, and the Housing and Rent Act that you are accepting the amendment seen, has been accompanied by a series of 1947, as amended, had come to no on both sides of the aisle. of price increases by Canadian manufac­ resolution thereon. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on turers, the latest of $10 a ton just now the amendment offered by the gentle­ going into effect, so that the total is now man from Georgia [Mr. FoRRESTER]. $126 per ton, or twice that of 6 years HOUR OF MEETING JUNE 20 ago. At the moment this country ap­ The amendment was agreed to. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I The CHAIRMAN . . Are there further parently has little alternative to the ac­ ceptance of such increases. Their grave ask unanimous consent that when the amendments to this section? House adjourns today it adjourn to meet Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Chairman, there effect, however, upon the ability of news­ papers to continue in unfettered opera­ at 10 o'clock tomorrow. are other amendments to this section, I The SPEAKER. Is there objection to am sure. I know of one Member who tion, is quite obvious. The newsprint subcommittee of the the request of the gentleman from expected to offer a very important Massachusetts? amendment at this point. Relying upon House Committee on Interstate and For­ assurance which I had no right to give eign Commerce, accordingly, has ex­ There was no objection. him, that the Committee was going to plored the possibilities of expansion of rise at 5:30 and that his amendment United States newsprint manufactur­ PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO DE­ undoubtedly would not be reached to­ ing capacity. A major deterrent to such day, he has left the floor. Inasmuch as expansion is the present high cost of FENSE PRODUCTION ACT OF 1950, tt was the intention, as I understood it, construction, estimated at two and a half AS AMENDED for the Committee to rise at 5:30, to to three times the installed cost of most Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, I protect that situation if there are no plants now in operation. ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ other amendments pending, I suggest to Some assistance to would-be manufac­ marks in the REcoRD and to include an the Chairman that the Committee do turers is contained in the accelerated tax amendment which I expect to offer in ..now rise. amortization provisions of section 124 the Committee of the Whole tomorrow• 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7661 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to A copy of my letter to the Governor is en­ to the extent of forcing an industry or the request of the gentleman from closed herewith. industries to go into bankruptcy, whereas Kansas? Respectfully yours, . TOM PICKETT, a little help, a little patience, and a There was no objection. Member of Congress. little more in the way of loans would Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, [Enclosure.} enable business to progress. These loans I am directing the attention of the mem­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, will be repaid in full as was the case bership of the House that on tomorrow Washington, D. C., June 18, 1952. in World War II. People will be able when the bill, Defense Production Acts Hon. ALLAN SHIVERS, to work. of 1952, is read for amendments, I shall Governor of Texas, Austin, Tex. I have in mind one company in par­ offer an amendment, unless a Member DEAR GOVERNOR: I hereby tender to·you my ticular that makes a very vital defense secures recognition with a similar resignation as a Member of the :Efouse of product. When an industry goes into amendmer.t before I am recognized. Representatives in the Congress of the bankruptcy it requires about 9 months The proposed amendment reads as United States from the Seventh District of Texas, effective midnight, June 30, 1952. for another industry to take over and follows: Respectfully yours, make the product which is needed so After the words "SEc. 104", insert "That TOM PICKETT, vitally in our national defense. It is section 402 (f) of the Defense Production Member of Congress. incredible to me and I cannot under­ Act of 1950 is amended by inserting imme­ stand why this is done. diately before the period at the end thereof Many people in the Department of a colon and the following: "Provided, how­ BRONZE REPLICA OF THE DECLARA· ever, That the ceiling price of any material, the Army want to help, and people in which by its nature is not susceptible to TION OF INDEPENDENCE other departments want to help, but speculative buying and not more than 10 Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask someone steps in and stops their efforts percent of which is purchased with Govern­ .unanimous consent for the immediate and it is all over. People are thrown out ment funds for defense purposes, shall be consideration of Senate Concurrent of work and there is experienced great suspended as long as~ ( 1) The material is Resolution 84. difficulty on the part of creditors to get selling below the ceiling price and has sold their money and, of course, there is great below that price for a period of 6 montl?-s; The Clerk read the title of the reso­ or (2) the material is in adequate or surplus lution. lack of production for national defense. supply to meet current civilian and military The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. Speaker, I find that the Navy does consumptton and has been in such adequate the request of the gentleman from not seem to be practicing this discrimi­ or surplus supply for a period of 6 months, Arkansas? nation to the same extent. The Navy if such material requires expansion of pro­ There being no objection, the Clerk awards seem to be more justly given. ductive facilities beyond the levels needed to read the Senate concurrent resolution, as I know of a case in my district where a meet the civilian demand as set forth in man was $20,000 low in his bid on a cot­ section 2 of this act. For the purpose of this follows: proviso, a material shall be considered in Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep­ ton product yet he was not awarded the adequate or surplus supply whenever such resentatives concurring), That the Joint contract on account of a very flimsy material is not being allocated for civilian Committee on the Library is hereby. author­ technicality, a false excuse. If he had use under the authority of title I of this act." ized to hold ceremonies in the rotunda of the will to fight, I am sure the Comp­ the United States Capitol for the acceptance troller General would have agreed with I take this means of calling the atten­ of the pronze replica of the Declaration of him and he would have had a $250,000 tion of the membership to my proposal Independence, the gift of Michael Francis Doyle, of Philadelphia, such ceremonies to order. But he was afraid to fight the in order that you may be familiar with Government. That seems like Russia­ its content and meaning when it is sub- be held on July 2, 1952, the one hundred mitted for your consideration. . and seventy-sixth anniversary of the adop­ not free America. tion of the resolution of Richard Henry Lee I do not know why the Army Depart­ It is my belief, Mr. Speaker, that this for the Declaration of Independence by the ment seems to be more difficult in this amendment really carries out the intent Continental Congress in Philadelphia. respect than the Navy. There is confu­ of Congress when the Office of Defense The Architect of the Capitol is hereby au­ Production of 1950, was approved. thorized to make the necessary arrangements sion in many of the special commissions for the ceremonies, the expenses of which that are appointed. They want to do all shall not exceed the sum of $1,000, to be they can, but, in my opinion, many of paid from the contingent fund of the Senate them simply go around in circles. They COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE upon vouchers approved by the chairman of get to the point of getting an industry Mr. GRANT of Alabama. Mr. Speak­ the Joint Committee on the Library. started or they will help an industry, €r, I ask unanimous consent that the The Senate concurrent resolution was then the whole project collapses. There Committee on Agriculture may have un­ agreed to. are numerous board meetings where til midnight tonight to file a report on A motion to reconsider was laid on the nothing is accomplished; in the mean­ the bill United States Army, dated Mr. FINE: Committee on the Judiciary. and severally referred as follows: April 10, 1952, submi1tting a report, together H. R. 2075. A bill for the relief of the A. C. with accompanying papers and illustrations, Israel Commodity Co., Inc.; with amendment By Mr. BERRY: on a cooperative beach-erosion-control study (Rept. No. 2205). Referred to the Commit­ H. R. 8293. A bill to authorize the . nego­ of the shore line of the State of Connecticut, tee of the Whole House. tiation and ratification of separate settle­ area 4, Connecticut River to Hammonasset Mr. MILLER of New York: Committee on ment contracts with the Sioux Indians of River, prepared under the provisions of sec­ the Judiciary. H. R. 2171. A bill for the re­ the lower Brule and the Crow Creek Res­ tion 2 of the River and Harbor Act approved lief of Robert E. Robinson; with amendment ervations in South Dakota for Indian lands on July 3, 1930, as amended and supple­ (Rept. No. 2206). Referred to the Commit­ and rights acquired by the United States for mented (H. Doc. No. 514); to the Committee tee of the Whole House. the Fort Randall Dam and Reservoir, Mis­ on Public Works and ordered to be printed, Mr. JONAS: Committee on the Judiciary. souri River development; and to authorize with illustrations. H. R. 2181. A bill for the relief of the Trust an appropriation for the removal from the 1581. A letter from the Assistant Secretary Association of H. Kempner; with amend­ taking area of the Fort Randall Dam and of Defense, transmitting a draft of a pro­ ment (Rept. No .. 2207). Referred to the Reservoir, Missouri River development, and posed bill entitled "A bill to authorize the Committee of the Whole House. the reestablishment of the Indians of the loan of certain naval patrol type vessels to Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. Yankton Indian Reservation, s. Dak.; to the the Government of Japan"; to the Committee H. R. 2780. A bill for the relief of Clara Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. on Armed Services. Gabriel; without amendment (Rept. No. By Mr. HART: 2208). Referred to the Committee of the H. R. 8294. A bill to authorize the con­ Whole House. struction of a ships' base for the Coast and Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. Geodetic Survey, Department of Commerce; REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB­ H. R. 2972. A bill for the relief of Harold Joe to the Committee on Merchant Marine and LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Davis; with amendment (Rept. No. 2209). Fisheries. Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of Referred to the Committee of the Whole H. R. 8295. A bill to authorize the con­ House. struction of two surveying ships for the committees were delivered to the Clerk Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Department of for printing and reference to the proper H. R. 3268. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Jane Commerce, and for other purposes; to the calendar, as follows: P. Myers; with amendment (Rept. No. 2210). Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ Mr. VINSON: Committee of conference. S. Referred to the Committee of the Whole eries. 677. An act to fix the personnel strength House By Mr. KENNEDY: of the United States Marine Corps, and to Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 8296. A bill to establish the Federal establish the relationship of the Comman­ H. R. 3502. A bill for the relief of Arthur Agency for Handicapped, to define its du­ dant of the Marine Corps to the Joint Chiefs Staveley; with amendment (Rept. No. 2211). ties, and for other purposes; to the Commit· of Staff (Rept. No. 2199). Ordered to be Referred to the Committee of the Whole tee on Education and Labor. printed. House. By Mr. BOGGS of Delaware: Mr. BONNER: Committee on Merchant Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 8297. A bill to provide for the issu­ Marine and Fisheries. H. R. 7654. A bill to H. R. 4296. A bill for the relief of Franklin ance of a postage stamp in commemoration amend section 508 of title 14, United States Jim; with amendment (Rept. No. 2212). of 150 years of highway freight transporta­ Code; without amendment (Rept. No. 2200). Referred to the Committee of the Whole tion progress; to the Committee on Post Of· Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. fice and Civil Service. House on the State of the Union. Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL: Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 4398. A bill to confer jurisdiction upon H. R. 8298. A bill to provide pensions for S. 3195. A bill granting jurisdiction to the the Court of Claims to hear, determine, and all World War I veterans; to the Committee Court of Claims to hear, determine, and render judgment upon certain claims of the on Veterans' Affairs. render judgment upon certain claims; with­ Columbia Basin Orchard, the Seattle As­ By Mr. McMILLAN: out amendment (Rept. No. 2220). Referred sociation of Credit Men, and the Perham H. R. 8299. A bill to provide that a tax­ to the Committee of the Whole House on the Fruit Corp.; without amendment (Rept. No. payer may elect to have section 340 of the State of the Union. 2~13). Referred to the Committee of the Revenue Act of 1951 (relating to family part­ Mr. HART: Committee on Merchant Marine 'Whole House. nerships) apply to certain taxable years be­ and Fisheries. S. 241. An act to amend the Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. ginning after 1938; to the Committee on Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended, to H. R. 5207. A bill for the relief of Julio Mer­ Ways and Means. further promote the development and main­ cado Toledo; without amendment (Rept. No. By Mr. BOGGS of Delaware: tenance of the American merchant marine, 2214). Referred to the Committee of the H. Res. 701. Resolution to authorize the and for other purposes; with amendment Yvhole House. Mr. JONAS: Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Ways and Means to conduct a (Rept. No. 2221). Referred to the Commit­ comparative study of the different kinds of tee of the Whole House on the State of H. R. 4909. A bill for the relief of Arthur J. Boucher; with amendment (Rept. No. 2215). employees' benefits available to persons in the Union. Referred to the Committee of the Whole public and private employment; to the Com­ Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. House. mittee on Rules. H. R. 8243. A bill to authorize the Secretary Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. of Agriculture to cooperate with States and H. R. 5538. A bill for the relief of Alexei local agencies in the planning and carrying Frank; with amendment (Rept. No. 2216). PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS out of works of improvement for soil con­ Referred to the Committee of the Whole servation, and for other purposes; without Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private House. bills and resolutions were introduced and amendment (Rept. No. 2222). Referred to Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee of the Whole House on the H. R. 6738. A bill for the relief of Mary Fox; severally referred as follows: State of the Union. without amendment (Rept. No. 2217). Re· By Mr. ALLEN of California {by re­ ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. quest): Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 8300. A bill for the relief of Jose REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRI· H. R. 6788. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Muriel Cristiano Vieira; to the Committee on the VATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS J. Shingler, doing business as Shingler's Judiciary. Hatchery; without amendment (Rept. No. By Mr. ASPINALL: Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of 2218). Referred to the Committee of the H. R. 8301. A bill for the relief of Peter A. committees were delivered to the Clerk Whole House. Pirogov; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ~664 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR~ ::--SENATE June 20 By Mr. BERRY: THE JOURNAL ORD and transact other routine business, H. R. 8302. A bill for the relief of Wendelin without debate: Schweitzer and family; to the Committee on On request of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas, The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ the Judiciary. and by unanimous consent, the reading jection, it is so ordered. By Mr. DOUGHTON: of the Journal of the proceedings of H. R. 8303. A bill for the relief of Spain­ Thursday, June 19, 1952, was dispensed hour Furniture Co., Inc.; to the Committee with. DISPOSITION OF EXECUTIVE on the Judiciary. By Mr. DOYLE: PAPERS H. R. 8304. A bill for the relief of Rosa MESSAGES FROM THE PRESI­ The VICE PRESIDENT laid before Huch; to the Committee on the Judic~ary. DENT-APPROVAL OF BILLS the Senate a letter from the Archivist H. R. 8305. A bill for the relief of Hilde­ gard Helena Stern; to the Committee on the Messages in writing from the Presi­ of the United States, transmitting, pur­ Judiciary. dent of the United States were com­ suant to law, a list of papers and docu­ By Mr. FURCOLO (by request): municated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, ments on the files of several depart­ H. R. 8306. A bill for the relief of Joseph one of his secretaries, and he announced ments and agencies of the Government Strani; to the Committee on the Judiciary. that on June 19, 1952, the President had which are not needed in the conduct of By Mr. HEFFERNAN: approved and signed the following acts: business and have no permanent value H. R. 8307. A bill for the relief of Chaim S. 97. An act to authorize the construc­ or historical interest, and requesting ac­ Borgenicht; to the Committee on the Judi­ tion looking to their disposition, which, ciary. tion, operation, and maintenance of facili­ H. R. 8308. A bill for the relief of Sylvia t ies for generating hydroelectric power at with the accompanying papers, was re­ Klein; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Cheatham Dam on the Cumberland ferred to a Joint Select Committee on By Mr. JAVITS: River in Tennessee; and the Disposition of Papers in the Execu­ H. R. 8309. A bill for the relief of Maria S. 1828. An act to confirm the status of tive Departments. Adam (Maria Adam Schattauer); to the certain civilian employees of nonappropri­ The VICE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. Committee on the Judiciary. ated fund instrumentalities under the Armed Forces with respect to laws admin­ JOHNSTON of South Carolina and Mr. H. R. 8310. A bill for the relief of the Jew­ LANGER members of the committee on the ish Theological Seminary of America; to the istered by the Civil Service Commission, and Committee on the Judiciary. for other purposes. · part of the Senate. By Mr. McMILLAN: H. R. 8311. A bill for the relief of Pallie D. Brown; to the Committee on the Judiciary. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-EN­ THE POINT 4 PROGRAM-LETTER By Mr. RABAUT: ROLLED BILLS SIGNED FROM PAUL C. EMPIE H. R. 8312. A bill for the relief of Ruth A message from the House of Repre­ Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I have re­ Mangold; to the Committee on the Judi­ ceived a copy of an important message ciary. sentatives, by Mr. Chaffee, one of its By Mr. RffiiCOFF: reading clerks, announced that the to the senior Senator from Tennessee H. R. 8313. A bill for the relief of Margher- Speaker had amxed his signature to the [Mr. McKELLAR], sent by the executive 1ta Gentile; to the Committee on the Judi- following enrolled bills, and they were direc.tor of the Natio.nal Lutheran Coun­ ciary. signed by the Vice President: cil, Paul C. Empie. This letter points up By Mrs. ST. • GEORGE. S. 677. An act to fix the personnel strength the importance of continued adequate H. R. 8314. A bill for the relief of Epant­ appropriations for the point 4 pro­ nondos Zhoustis; to the Committee on the of the United States Marine Corps, and to Judiciary. establish the relationship of the Comman­ gram for aid to underdeveloped areas, dant of the Marine Corps to the Joint Chiefs particularly in Asia. I for one believe of Staff; and · that point 4 holds immense possibili­ PETITIONS, ETC. H. R. 6291. An act to amend section 218 ties for humanitarian and intelligent aid Under clause 1 of rule XXII, (f) of the Social Security Act with respect to these various foreign peoples. I ask 764. Mr. GROSS presented a petition sub­ to effective dates of agreements entered into unanimous consent that the letter be mitted by Mrs. John Frisbie, of Eldora, Iowa, with States before January 1, 1954. printed in the RECORD at this point and and 33 other citizens supporting House bill be thereafter referred to the Appropria­ 2188, which was referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. CONVENTION AND RECOMMENDA­ tions Committee. TION OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR There being no objection, the letter I I •• was referred to the Committee on Ap­ ORGANIZATION-MESSAGE FROM propriations and ordered to be printed in SENATE THE PRESIDENT