Banasa sordida (Uhler) (: ): Monterey and Gowen Cypress ( macrocarpa, C. goveniana; ) as Host in Coastal Author(s): A. G. Wheeler, Jr. and Billy A. Krimmel Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 114(2):263-268. 2012. Published By: Entomological Society of Washington DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.114.2.263 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4289/0013-8797.114.2.263

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NOTE

Banasa sordida (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Monterey Cypress and Gowen Cypress (, C. goveniana; Cupressaceae) as Host Plants in Coastal California

Banasa Sta˚l is a New World pentatomine DeCoursey 1963, McPherson 1982, with greatest diversity along the Thomas and Yonke 1981), B. sordida does Central American and Andean Cordillera; not. 11 occur in the Nearctic Region Uhler (1871) described B. sordida (as (Thomas and Yonke 1981). Thomas and Atomosira sordida) without a locality. Yonke (1981) gave the distribution of B. Van Duzee (1904) stated that Uhler had sordida as “entire U.S., northern Mexico described the species from Maryland, and southern Canada.” Froeschner (1988) Massachusetts, and Virginia, even though provided U.S. records for Arizona, Uhler (1886) had listed it only from California, Colorado, District of Columbia, southern states (“S. St.”). Van Duzee Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New (1916) summarized the distribution as Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, Virginia, and northern states and Canada and west of Washington, as well as Canadian records the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains for British Columbia and Ontario. Omitted (“N. & W.”). Few or no records of B. by Froeschner (1988) were previous re- sordida were available for several state cords for New York, North Carolina, Ohio or regional treatments of Pentatomidae. (references in McPherson 1980), and For example, the species was not recorded Oregon (Thomas and Yonke 1981). Hart’s from Indiana (Blatchley 1926), Missouri (1919) record of B. sordida from Maine (Froeschner 1941), Michigan (McPherson might be a lapsus for Massachusetts be- 1970, 1979), and Arkansas (Barton and cause the latter state was noted to be the Lee 1981, Chordas et al. 2005). Van Duzee sole New England record (Parshley 1917, (1917) listed B. sordida from Virginia, but 1923). New state records, based on spec- Hoffman (1971) was unable to locate imens in the National Museum of Nat- specimens from the state (USNM hold- ural History, Smithsonian Institution, ings include three old specimens from Washington, DC (USNM), are Kentucky Falls Church). Banasa sordida recently (Green County) and Nebraska (Adams was collected in Virginia (single speci- and Nemaha counties). mens from each of two localities), which The wide ranges of B. sordida and B. in view of collecting intensity is thought dimidiata (Say), the only other North to reflect the bug’s scarcity rather than American species of the genus with a sim- undercollecting (Hoffman 2005). This ilarly wide distribution, might suggest that pentatomid also is considered uncommon both are commonly collected North in Illinois (McPherson 1982), is sparsely American stink bugs whose habits are known in North Carolina (three localities; well known. Although B. dimidiata prob- Brimley 1938, Hoffman 2005) and Ohio ably qualifies as commonly collected and (one locality; Furth 1974), and is un- bionomically well known (Hart 1919, recorded from South Carolina to Florida and west to Texas. * Edited by Thomas J. Henry; accepted by Michael Host plants and habits of B. sordida W. Gates long remained unknown (Blatchley 1926, 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Furth 1974), with collections from weeds adults have been taken on eastern red (Van Duzee 1916), oak (Ruckes 1937), cedar ( L.) in Missouri a sour cherry orchard (Phillips 1951), and and Juniperus sp. in Oregon, and col- soybean (USDA ARS 1964) failing to lected at blacklight among Utah reveal actual host relationships. Refer- (J. osteosperma [Torr.] Little) in Arizona ence, in passing, to the collection of B. (Thomas and Yonke 1981). Adults also sordida from Sargent cypress (Cupressus have been taken on Juniperus sp. in sargentii Jeps.) in California (Linsley and Nebraska (USNM). Usinger 1936) represented the first asso- Based on fieldwork in California, we ciation of B. sordida withacupressa- give records of B. sordida from two ceous . A firmer relationship with additional species of the cupressaceous the Cupressaceae was established when genus Cupressus: Monterey cypress (C. Thomas and Yonke (1981) published macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gord.) and Gowen label data from California specimens, cypress (C. goveniana Gord.). Both cy- documenting the collection of nymphs presses have populations that are disjunct, and adults from Lawson cypress (Cha- small, and relictual. Monterey cypress maecyparis lawsoniana [A. Murray] Parl.). (Fig. 1) is native to only two locales— Additional specimen labels indicated that Point Lobos and Cypress Point (Del Monte

Figs. 1–4. Banasa sordida and its host plant, Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa). 1, Monterey cypress at Point Lobos State Natural Reserve on the central California coast near Carmel. 2–4, B. sordida.2, Fifth instar on cone. 3–4, Adults on cones. VOLUME 114, NUMBER 2 265

Forest)—on the of though our observations do not satisfy California’s central coast, but it has been more strict criteria for establishing host planted extensively and become natu- use, such as feeding (e.g., Roderick and ralized along the Pacific Coast. It also Percy 2008) and presence of nymphs for has been planted in tropical and warm- multiple years (Nielsen and Hamilton temperate areas worldwide. Gowen cypress 2009). Fifth instars and adults were shows a similarly restricted distribution observed in early April on developing slightly inland from groves of native second-year cones of Monterey cypress Monterey cypress (Wolf 1948, Eckenwalder in ornamental plantings. Cones used by 1993, Barbour 2007). We use the more B. sordida generally corresponded with familiar generic name Cupressus, despite Frankie’s (1973) developmental category recent studies placing the New World of 1.5 years. Late-July collections con- species in Callitropsis (Little 2006) or sisted of adults and all five nymphal (Adams et al. 2009), and instars from mature (or nearly mature) follow Little (2006) and Adams et al. second-year cones (Frankie’s [1973] 2-year (2009) in recognizing Gowen cypress (C. category of cone development), with third goveniana) as distinct from C. pygmaea through fifth instars more numerous than (Lemmon) Sarg. first and second instars. We did not ob- We first encountered B. sordida in serve B. sordida on earlier-stage, green early April 2011 when nymphs (Fig. 2) and cones or on the older, often deteriorating, adults (Fig. 3) were observed on closed woody cones that persist on . Nymphs ovuliferous cones (fruits or strobili) of sometimes were hidden from view in the Monterey cypress planted along the interior of a cone cluster, and even though California coast at Ragged Point, San their reddish-brown coloration is darker Luis Obispo County. We obtained addi- than that of cypress cones, nymphs were tional records of the pentatomid from not readily apparent on cone surfaces. other ornamental plantings of Monterey Adults in April and July were distinctly cypress in April and late July 2011 by green and red (Fig. 3) rather than “mottled tapping clusters of cones over a beating with green and red” as Thomas and Yonke net with a shallow bag and collecting (1981) noted for many California speci- dislodged nymphs (which later were mens. A green and red color pattern makes sorted to instar) and adults into plastic the bugs less conspicuous among cypress vials. The pentatomid’s use of native cones and foliage (Fig. 4). When adults of Monterey and Gowen was B. sordida from cypress are killed, the red documented in July at Point Lobos State and green fades so that the coloration fits Natural Reserve in Monterey County that described for the species: gray or south of Carmel. Voucher material of B. grayish brown to nearly fuscous (Blatchley sordida has been deposited mainly in the 1926, Thomas and Yonke 1981, Hoffman USNM, with four specimens placed in the 2005). New Mexico State University Banasa sordida has been found on Museum, Las Cruces. species of , Cupressus, Nymphs of all instars (n = 79), adults and Juniperus, genera that belong to a (n = 47), and exuviae (n = ;10) were cupressaceous group with similar de- collected on Monterey and Gowen cy- velopment of ovuliferous cones (Farjon press from Monterey County to southern 2005), and might specialize on the Cu- Santa Barbara County. We regard both pressaceae. Along the California coast, cypresses as hosts of B. sordida,even this pentatomid was common on Monterey 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON cypress in ornamental plantings and also 8April,1♂, 1–V ex planted C. macro- was found on native Gowen and Monterey carpa; Rt. 1, Ragged Point, 35°46.8269N cypress on the Monterey Peninsula where 121°19.9229W, 7 April, 4♂,3♀,3–Vex the bugs would be exposed to maritime planted C. macrocarpa; San Luis Obispo, fog, salt spray, and wind. Four North 35°14.8759N 120°40.3199W, 30 July, American congeners also are known from 1♂, 3–II, 3–III, 2–IV, 7–V ex planted cupressaceous hosts: B. euchlora Sta˚l, B. C. macrocarpa. Santa Barbara Co., Rt. 1 grisea Ruckes, B. packardi Sta˚l, and B. exit 113 E of Naples, 34°26.6069N tumidifrons Thomas and Yonke (Thomas 119°57.2979W, 30 July, 1♂,1♀, 1–II, and Yonke 1981). 1–III ex planted C. macrocarpa. The occurrence of B. sordida on native We are grateful to Chuck Bancroft and Monterey and Gowen cypress in “eco- Amy Palkovic (California State Parks, logic islands” (Schoenherr 1995) in the Department of Parks and Recreation) for Monterey Bay area where plant endemism their helpfulness and hospitality when is common (Griffin 1978, Schoenherr 1995) we visited Point Lobos State Natural and on the serpentine-endemic Sargent Reserve, Scott Bundy (Department of cypress (Linsley and Usinger 1936, Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Eckenwalder 1993), coupled with the bug’s Science, New Mexico State University, wide range and extent of intraspecific var- Las Cruces) for tentatively identifying iation (Thomas and Yonke 1981), suggests B. sordida, Thomas Henry (Systematic the possibility of a cryptic-species com- Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, plex. Studies, however, have not been con- Washington, DC) for verifying the iden- ducted on Banasa to test that hypothesis. tification and providing data from USNM Specimens examined (all collected in specimens, Michele Touchet (SEL, USDA, 2011 by B.A.K. & A.G.W.; numbers for ARS, Washington, DC) for formatting the each nymphal instar are indicated as color plate, Patrick McMillan (Department Arabic numerals, followed by a dash and of Biological Sciences, Clemson Univer- Roman numerals indicating instars)— sity), for suggesting we visit Ragged Point CALIFORNIA: Monterey Co., Point Lobos where we first encountered B. sordida,and State Natural Reserve, Cypress Grove Trail, Peter Adler (Entomology Program, School 36°31.249–2609N121°57.041–0899W, of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental 29 July, 1♂, 1–I, 5–II ex native Cupressus Sciences, Clemson University) for sug- macrocarpa; Point Lobos State Natural gestions that improved an early draft of the Reserve, Lobos Ranch, 36°30.5979N manuscript. 121°55.8089W, 29 July, 3♂,5♀, 2–III, 1–IV ex native C. goveniana;Rt.1Sof Literature Cited jct. with Struve Rd. N of Moss Landing, Adams, R. P., J. A. Bartel, and R. A. Price. 2009. 36°49.3029N121°47.0629W, 28 July, 1♂, Anewgenus,Hesperocyparis, for the cypresses 1–I, 4–II, 5–III, 11–IV, 11–V ex planted of the Western Hemisphere (Cupressaceae). C. macrocarpa; Seaside, NE of Rt. 1 exit Phytologia 91: 160–185. 404, 36°37.7809N 121°50.1909W, 9 April, Barbour, M. G. 2007. Closed-cone pine and cy- 12♂,14♀, 6–V & 28 July, 1–II, 2–III, press forests, pp. 296–312. In M. G. Barbour, 3–IV, 4–V ex planted C. macrocarpa; T. Keeler-Wolf, and A. A. Schoenherr, eds. Terrestrial Vegetation of California, 3rd Ed. Neeson Rd. SE of Marina, 36°41.29N ° 9 University of California Press, Berkeley. 712 pp. 121 46.6 W, 28 July, 1–V ex planted Barton, H. E. and L. A. Lee. 1981. The Pentatomi- C. macrocarpa. San Luis Obispo Co., Rt. 1, dae of Arkansas. Proceedings of the Arkansas Cambria, 35°34.6809N 121°06.8419W, Academy of Science 35: 20–25. VOLUME 114, NUMBER 2 267

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