A Dissertation on

“Water Pollution Load Assessment of River Basin ( -Agra) ”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement For the award of the degree of

Master of Technology (Environmental Engineering)

Submitted by: Sameer Arora Roll No: 05/ENV/10

Under the Guidance of:

Dr. B. Jhamnani & Dr. Anil Kumar

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (FORMERLY DELHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING) 2012

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is distinct pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my supervisor Dr. B. Jhamnani, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), and Dr. Anil Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University for his invaluable guidance, encouragement and patient reviews. His continuous inspiration only has made me complete this dissertation. Without his help and guidance, this dissertation would have been impossible. He remained a pillar of help throughout the project.

I am also grateful to Prof. S.K. Singh, Head of Department of Environmental Engineering, for providing the experimental facilities in various labs of the Department.

I express my sincere gratitude to the faculty and non teaching staff of Environmental Engineering department and the library of Delhi Technological University for providing the relevant information and help when needed during the course of this project work.

Sameer Arora Roll No. 05/ENV/2K10 M.Tech, Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University

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DECLARATION

I, hereby declare that the work being presented in the Project Report entitled “Water Pollution Load Assessment of Yamuna River Basin (Okhla -Agra)” is my original work and an authentic report carried out during the period of 4th Semester as a part of my major project.

The contents of this report has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar title or recognition and is being utilized by me for the submission of my Major Project Report to complete the requirements of Master’s Degree of Examination in Environmental Engineering, as per Delhi Technological University curriculum.

(SAMEER ARORA) Roll No. 05/ENV/2010 M.Tech, Environmental Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the major project work entitled “Water Pollution Load Assessment of Yamuna River Basin (Okhla -Agra) ” submitted by Mr. Sameer Arora, Roll no. 05/ENV/2K10, student of Master of Technology (M.Tech) in Environmental Engineering from Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, is the bonafide work carried out by him under our guidance. The contents of the present report have not been submitted in any form for the award of any other degree/diploma elsewhere.

(Dr. B.JHAMNANI) Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Delhi Technological University, Delhi.

(DR. ANIL KUMAR) Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering Delhi Technological University, Delhi.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No. PARTICULARS Page No.

Acknowledgement ii Declaration iii Certificate iv Table of Contents v List of Figures vii List if Tables xi Abstract 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Maximum Daily Load Assessment Process 4 1.3 MDLA Scope 6 1.4 Elements of A MDLA 6 1.5 Objective of the Study 7 Chapter 2: Literature review 9 2.1 Background of Yamuna river 9 2.2 Segments of Yamuna River 12 2.3 Uses of Yamuna River Water 17 2.4 Pollution Sources of River Yamuna 19 2.5 Water Quality Issues in Yamuna River 21 Chapter 3: Methodology 24 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 Study Area 26 3.3 Sampling and Monitoring 32 Chapter 4: Water Quality Of Yamuna River up to Okhla 35 4.1 Introduction 35 Water quality of Yamuna between Hathnikund and Wazirabad 4.2 35 Barrage 4.3 Water quality of Yamuna between Wazirabad and 39

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Chapter 5:Water Quality Study of Yamuna from Okhla to 67 Agra 5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 Okhla Barrage 68 5.3 Sahadara Drain 69 5.4 Asgarpur Village 69 5.5 Wastewater from and Ghaziabad 69 5.6 Hindon River 75 5.7 Drain (Bhudia Nalla) 76 5.8 Hasanpur village (Hodal) 77 5.9 Gauchi Drain 79 5.10 Vrindavan - upstream 79 5.11 83 5.12 Mathura Drains 83 5.13 Mathura Refinery drain 84 5.14 Sikandra 84 5.15 Agra Drains 88 5.16 Jeewini Mandi 91 Chapter 6: Result And Discussion 99 6.1 Analysis of 1 st segment of study area of river system 99 6.2 Analysis of 2 nd segment of study area of river system 110 6.3 Total Pollution Load in Yamuna 119 Chapter 7: Conclusion & Recommendations 125 7.1 Conclusion 125 7.2 Recommendations 127 References 132

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LIST OF FIGURES

S. No. PARTICULARS Page No. 2.1 Yamuna River basin 11 2.2 Location of Major Cities along Yamuna River 13 2.3 Points of Water Abstraction & Additions in Yamuna River 14 Yamuna river and pollution outfalls between Okhla and Gokul 3.1 29 barrage Yamuna river and pollution outfalls between Gokul barrage and 3.2 30 Agra 4.1 Yamuna River and Western Yamuna Canal 40 Yamuna river and pollution outfalls between 4.2 41 and Yamuna river and pollution outfalls between Wazirabad barrage 4.3 44 and Okhla barrage 4.4 Physio-chemical result of Najafgarh & Supplementary Drain 54 4.5 Physio-chemical result of Magzine road Drain 54 4.6 Physio-chemical result of Sweeper Colony Drain 55 4.7 Physio-chemical result of Khyber pass Drain 55 4.8 Physio-chemical result of Metcalf House Drain 56 4.9 Physio-chemical result of & Mori Gate Drain 56 4.10 Physio-chemical result of Tonga Stand Drain 57 4.11 Physio-chemical result of Kailash Nagar Drain 57 4.12 Physio-chemical result of Civil Mill Drain 58 4.13 Physio-chemical result of Rajghat Drain 58 4.14 Physio-chemical result of Delhi Gate Drain 59 4.15 Physio-chemical result of Sen Nursing Home Drain 59 4.16 Physio-chemical result of Drain No. 14 60 4.17 Physio-chemical result of Barapulla Drain 60 4.18 Physio-chemical result of Maharani Bagh Drain 61 4.19 Physio-chemical result of Abu Fazal Drain 61 4.20 Physio-chemical result of Jaitpur Drain 62

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4.21 Physio-chemical result of Tuglakabad Drain 62 4.22 Physio-chemical result of Shahdara Drain 63 4.23 Physio-chemical result of at Okhla Vihar 63 4.24 Physio-chemical result of Agra Canal at Kalindi Kunj 64 4.25 Physio-chemical result of Sarita Vihar Drain 64 4.26 Physio-chemical result of Tehkhand Drain 65 4.27 Physio-chemical result of Molarband Drain 65 5.1 Yamuna at upstream of Okhla barrage 71 5.2 Yamuna at downstream of Okhla Barrage 71 Shahdara drain in East Delhi that drains into the river Yamuna at 5.3 72 downstream of Okhla barrage 5.4 Yamuna River at Asgarpur village 72 5.5 Agricultural practices at Asgarpur village 73 5.6 Noida Drain 73 5.7 Various Treatment units of Noida STPs 74 5.8 Hindon River 75 5.9 Various Treatment units of Indirapuram and Vijay Nagar STPs 76 5.10 Faridabad Drain 78 5.11 Oxidation Pond of Faridabad STP 78 5.12 Outlet of the STP after SBR treatment 80 5.13 Agra Canal receiving the waste water from the STP outlet 80 5.14 Yamuna at Hasanpur village 81 5.15 Gauchi drain 81 5.16 Oxidation pond at Pagalbaba STP 82 5.17 Algal oxidation pond at Pagalbaba STP 82 5.18 drain joining the river Yamuna 85 5.19 Upstream of Gokul Barrage 85 5.20 Downstream of Gokul Barrage 86 5.21A Oxidation pond of Trans-Yamuna STP, Mathura 86 5.21B Outlets of Trans-Yamuna STP, Mathura 87 5.22 Refinery drain 87 5.23 Water abstraction at Sikandara 89

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5.24 Budi ka Nagla STP inlet 89 5.25 UASB at the Jaganpura STP 90 5.26 Rajwaha drain 90 5.27 Mahonar drain 92 5.28 Red fort drain 92 5.29 Jeewini Mandi Water Works 93 5.30 Narwa Drain 93 5.31 Oxidation pond at Pilakher STP 94 5.32 Grit Chamber and UASB at Dhandupura STP 94 5.33 UASB at Bhimnagri STP 95 5.34 Process flow chart of Indirapuram and Vijay Nagar STP 96 5.35 Process flow chart of Noida Sec-54 and Sec-50 STP 97 6.1 pH and TSS of various drains 101 6.2 BOD and COD of various drains 101 6.3 Performance of Noida STP, Sector-54 103 6.4 Performance of Noida STP, Sector-50 103 6.5 Performance of Indirapuram STP 106 6.6 Performance of Vijay Nagar STP 106 6.7 Performance of Badshapur STP 107 6.8 Performance of Mirzapur STP 107 6.9 Results of heavy metals at different STPs 111 6.10 Results of heavy metals at different STPs 111 6.11 Results of heavy metals at different STPs 112 6.12 Results of heavy metals at different River and Drain locations 112 6.13 Results of heavy metals at different River and Drain locations 113 6.14 Results of heavy metals at different River and Drain locations 113 Physio-chemical results of different drains joining Yamuna River 6.15 116 in 2 nd segment 6.16 Performance of Pagalbaba STP, Vrindavan 116 6.17 Performance of Jaganpura STP, Agra 118 6.18 Performance of Pilakher STP, Agra 118 6.19 Performance of Dhandupura STP, Agra 121

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6.20 Results of heavy metals at different River and Drain locations 121 Drains joining river Yamuna and water abstraction from Okhla to 6.21 122 Agra 6.22 Contribution of different drains in flow of Yamuna River 123 7.1 Original condition of Yamuna River 128 7.2 Yamuna River after treatment 129

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LIST OF TABLES

S. No. PARTICULARS Page No. 3.1 Primary water quality criteria for various uses of fresh water 25 3.2 Sampling type 33 3.3 Parameters measured for monitoring 34 Wastewater quality characteristics of pollution outfall drains 4.1 joining to major pollution outfalls between Tajewala barrage and 36 Wazirabad Barrage in the River Yamuna Water Quality Characteristics of River Yamuna and Canal 4.2 38 between Hathnikund and Wazirabad Barrage Wastewater quality characteristics of pollution outfall drains 4.3 between Tajewala barrage and Wazirabad Barrage in the River 42 Yamuna Water Quality Characteristics of River Yamuna and Canal 4.4 43 between Hathnikund and Wazirabad Barrage 4.5 Drains joining river Yamuna and canal 45 Water Quality Characteristics of River Yamuna between 4.6 47 Wazirabad Barrage and Okhla Barrage 6.1 Physic- chemical results of drains joining Yamuna in Segment 1 102 6.2 Physic- chemical results of STPs in Segment 105 6.3 Heavy Metal results of river & drains in Segment 1 108 6.4 Heavy Metal results of STPs in Segment 1 109 Physio-chemical results of drains joining Yamuna River in 2 nd 6.5 114 segment 6.6 Physio-chemical results of STPs in 2 nd segment 117 Results of heavy metals of drains and river locations in 2 nd 6.7 120 segment of Yamuna River

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