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Micorrizas Y Levaduras Asociadas a Nothofagus Nervosa (Phil.) Dim

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Micorrizas Y Levaduras Asociadas a Nothofagus Nervosa (Phil.) Dim UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL COMAHUE Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Trabajo de Tesis para optar al título de Doctora en Ciencias Biológicas Micorrizas y levaduras asociadas a Nothofagus nervosa (Phil.) Dim. et Mil. (Raulí) en poblaciones naturales y en plantas cultivadas en vivero Lic. Natalia V. Fernández DIRECTORA CO-DIRECTORA Dra. Sonia Fontenla Dra. Paula Marchelli 2012 Ilustración: Acuarela de una rama de Nothofagus nervosa realizada por la Dra. Cecilia Brion. Este trabajo de Tesis fue realizado en el Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología del Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, y en la Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal del INTA EEA Bariloche Lic. Natalia Fernández Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología CONICET-INIBIOMA Dra. Sonia Fontenla Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología INIBIOMA Dra. Paula Marchelli Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal CONICET “… Camina hacia el futuro, abriendo nuevas puertas y probando cosas nuevas, se curioso ... porque nuestra curiosidad siempre nos conduce por nuevos caminos.” Walt Disney A mi familia por su amor, apoyo incondicional y por darme fuerza a cada paso, acompañándome a caminar hacia el futuro en todo instante. A Ivan, por ser mi paz y el sol que ilumina cada día, y porque su curiosidad es la que abrirá las nuevas puertas del futuro. AGRADECIMIENTOS A la Universidad Nacional del Comahue y particularmente al Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche por permitirme trabajar en sus instalaciones y por brindarme las herramientas necesarias para completar mi formación profesional. A la Comisión de Doctorado en Biología por el acompañamiento académico durante estos años y por brindarme la oportunidad única de seguir adelante con mi carrera profesional. A los miembros integrantes del jurado de esta Tesis doctoral, los Doctores Javier Puntieri, Christian Lopes y Alicia Godeas por sus valiosísimos aportes y por el gran esfuerzo realizado sin el cual me hubiera sido imposible darle continuidad a mi trabajo. A todos en el Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología del Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche por brindarme un lugar de trabajo y su compañía durante todos estos años. Al personal del Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA) por su asesoramiento constante y colaboración con innumerables trámites y formularios. Al INTA EEA Bariloche por brindarme la posibilidad de trabajar en la Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal para llevar a cabo parte de este trabajo de Tesis. Al personal del INTA EEA Bariloche pertenecientes a la Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal, al Laboratorio de Semillas y al Vivero por haber colaborado con el desarrollo de este trabajo de Tesis. Al Señor Thomas, quien nos permitió realizar los muestreos en los ensayos instalados por el INTA EEA Bariloche bajo una plantación de pinos en la Estancia Santa Lucía, Meliquina. Al Jardín del INTA EEA Bariloche “Los Charitos” por cuidar y participar del crecimiento de Ivan durante sus dos primeros añitos de vida. Al personal del Departamento de Botánica del Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche por responder a innumerables preguntas siempre con buena predisposición (y por “prestarnos” yerba en situaciones de emergencia!). A la Lic. Ruffini Alejandra por su compañía y colaboración durante las tareas realizadas en el laboratorio de Mediana Complejidad del Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Al Dr. Moliné Martín, quien colaboró con los análisis de inducción, extracción y lectura de micosporinas llevados a cabo en este trabajo de Tesis y quien siempre contestó a mis inquietudes sobre este tema. Al Dr. Eduardo Nouhra por responder siempre a mis innumerables preguntas con excelente predisposición, por sus consejos y por sus valiosos aportes a este trabajo de Tesis y a mi formación como “ectomicorrizóloga”. Al Dr. Tenreiro Rogério y la Dra. Chaves Sandra del Laboratorio de Genómica Integrativa e Funcional (BioFIG), del Centro de Biodiversidade, de la Faculdade de Ciências, en la Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal por permitirnos realizar parte de este trabajo de tesis en su laboratorio y por los valiosos aportes realizados. Al Dr. Gerhard Kost y la Dra. Felicia Gherguel del Department of Systematic Botany & Mycology, Philipps Universität of Marburg, Alemania por colaborar con las técnicas moleculares de identificación molecular de ectomicorrizas. A la Administración Parques Nacionales por permitirme realizar los muestreos necesarios. Al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) por otorgarme las Becas Internas de Postgrado Tipo I y II que me permitieron llevar adelante este doctorado. Al Centro Argentino-Brasilero de Biotecnología (CABBIO) por brindarme la posibilidad de asistir a dos de sus cursos que me permitieron cumplimentar los puntos requeridos por el Doctorado y capacitarme en áreas de gran importancia para el desarrollo de esta Tesis. A los proyectos UNCO B121, UNCO B143, PICT2004 22200, PICT2006 1176 y al Proyecto específico INTA PNFOR044321 por otorgarme el financiamiento necesario para llevar a cabo las tareas experimentales de este trabajo de Tesis. Quiero agradecer, de corazón, a todas aquellas personas que de distintas maneras me acompañaron en este camino … a Mis Dires, uuuufffff ... que mujeres! Gracias a ellas he madurado como científica, pero sobre todo ... me regalaron una incontable cantidad de tiempo, cariño y el ímpetu necesarios para poder terminar esta Tesis y seguir adelante. Para formarse como biólogo y Doctor no es suficiente con aplicar el método científico, hace falta mucho más que eso! Gracias por marcarme el camino para llegar a serlo y por compartir conmigo tantas experiencias, las quiero mucho! a mis papis y hermana, quienes me apoyaron desde el primer momento en que decidí estudiar biología (allá ... hace muuuuchos años!). Gracias a su esfuerzo y apoyo incondicional pude seguir adelante con mi sueño. A ellos debo todo lo que soy y les agradezco haberme dado la oportunidad de volar y llegar hasta aquí. Gracias por acompañarme y ESTAR CONMIGO TOOOOOODO EL TIEMPO! Los amo mucho! a mi Gordi, una parte muy importante de mi vida ... gracias por tolerar mis tropezones a lo largo de la carrera, pero sobre todo, por darme fuerza y ánimos cuando más los necesité, acompañarme en cada paso (incluso de muestreo!), estar siempre a mi lado, brindarme esa alegría que se necesita día a día y quererme tal cual soy ... una bióloga empedernida que te ama mucho! a Ivan y Juli, los dos soles de mi vida que con su inocencia, espontaneidad, alegría y amor hacen de cada día una experiencia especial!! LOS AMOOOOOOOOOO!! a suegros y cuñados que siempre me brindaron la mejor de las ondas, me dieron aliento y muchas veces una gran mano!!!!! a mis amigos con quienes disfruté muchisísimos momentos que quedarán siempre en mí, juntos compartimos sonrisas, lágrimas, pizzas, pelis, partidos de truco, rezongos en fin … quiero agradecer a quienes hacen el día a día más alegre y divertido y a quienes SIEMPRE ESTÁN, aunque sea a la distancia! Amigos ... gracias por estar en mi vida! Los quiero un montón! Renglón aparte para Viki, Patito, Dani, Ceci, Clari y Naty ... GRACIASSSSSSSS por acompañarme, enseñarme, tolerarme, divertirme y darme una mano cuando más la necesito (incluidos lo múltiples días que cuidaron de Ivan para que pudiera realizar un curso de Postgrado)! Gracias a Cintia por estar siempre y por acompañar el crecimiento de Ivan con cariño y alegría. a mis Familias postizas, sip ... a los de García y Mille! Es difícil estar lejos de casa y de la familia, pero ellos siempre han tenido un lugarcito, una palabra de consuelo o aliento, un abrazo y mucho más de un consejo ... gracias por abrirme las puertas, por la calidez y todo el amor que me han brindado estos años (aunque a veces pase mucho tiempo sin vernos!) y que han sido tan importantes para nosotros! a mis compañeros del Laboratorio de Micro (tanto los “viejos” como los recientemente incorporados!), gracias por aceptarme en el “Lab” y darme un lugar allí, por brindarme siempre colaboración, cariño y “ese condimento” que se necesita para trabajar día a día... el “Lab” puede ser chiquito, pero el corazón es muy grande! a la gente de los Departamentos de Biología y Botánica, muchísimas gracias por recibirme siempre con mis innumerables consultas y curiosidades, por su buenísima predisposición siempre, por los incondicionales préstamos de yerba y por todos los momentos compartidos. a las chicas de la Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal del INTA, por recibirme siempre con la mejor de las ondas, por darme una mano e innumerables consejos y una palabra de aliento cuando las cosas “no daban”! INFINITAS GRACIAS! a Abel y Mario del Vivero forestal del INTA por colaborar con el desarrollo de mis ensayos y por brindarme la información necesaria para llevar a cabo los mismos. a Leo Gallo y a los integrantes del Grupo de Genética forestal del INTA por darme un lugarcito en el grupo y dejarme participar de sus actividades. a profes y ayudantes, que gente! Siempre he estado orgullosa de los “profes” que he tenido la oportunidad de conocer en el CRUB, no sólo por su carácter profesional y académico, y su capacidad de transmitirnos lo maravilloso de esta ciencia sino también por su calidez. Especialmente, Gracias a Ceci Brion (de nuevo!) por la buena onda y el hermosísimo dibujo que realizó para ilustrar esta Tesis. ÍNDICE ÍNDICE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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