Prepared July 25, 2017 for Will Lewis on Behalf of Roo Report ID: 00BAN 2374MARS0000P

Prepared July 25, 2017 for Will Lewis on behalf of Roo Report ID: 00BAN_2374MARS0000P

Dr. Stephanie L Foreman Banfield Pet Hospital #2374 8825 Six Forks Road, Raleigh, NC 27615 Fax: (919) 847-1834 Canine Genetic Analysis™ – What to Expect

We’re excited to provide you this report about our findings of Roo’s genetic heritage. You might confirm your suspicions or be surprised. Either way, you’ll get a glimpse into your dog’s heritage and find information that will help you care for Roo in insightful ways.

Dr. Foreman also received a detailed report including disease screening results that may impact Roo’s health, as well as an individualized Optimum Wellness Plan® map. This is designed to help provide the best quality of life working with Roo through Banfield Pet Hospital’s unique preventive care model.

This report includes:

Roo’s Geneology Breed Characteristics MDR1 Screening Results Genetic Heritage Optimum Wellness Plan: What’s Next? Certification of Genetic Ancestry Genealogy

Roo’s Ancestry Roo is a Treeing Walker Coonhound, Australian Cattle Dog, Chow Chow, German Shepherd (White Swiss Shepherd), Siberian Husky Mix! The Canine Genetic Analysis™ performs approximately 17,000,000 calculations using 11 models to predict the most likely combination of pure breeds and mixed breeds in the last three ancestral generations. This chart presents the best statistical result of the analysis:

Treeing Walker Treeing Walker Australian Mixed Chow Siberian White Swiss Mixed Coonhound Coonhound Cattle Dog* Breed Chow Husky* Shepherd* Breed

Treeing Walker Australian Chow Chow White Swiss Coonhound Cattle Dog Mix / Siberian Shepherd Mix Husky Cross

Roo

Treeing Walker Chow Chow / Coonhound / Siberian Husky Australian Cattle Dog Mix / White Swiss Shepherd Mix

*Breed detected, however at a lower confidence. Such results are not included in accuracy calculations.

A Note on Mixed Breeds

A portion of Roo’s ancestry was predicted to be mixed beyond three generations. It is difficult to identify strong individual breed signals in this mixed portion, so we have listed the genetic breed groups with the strongest statistical likelihood below. The genetic breed groups are listed by relative strength with the most likely at the top of the list.

The sporting group of breeds is incredibly diverse in personality and appearance, but can be characterized as a very sturdy group that was developed to work closely with people and in general have a very responsive nature and high intelligence. Example Breeds: Cocker Spaniel, Golden Retriever, Poodle, Weimaraner

Dogs of the Guard Group were bred to guard people and property. They are often quick to learn and these intelligent, capable animals make solid companions. Example Breeds: Boston Terrier, Boxer, Great Dane, American Staffordshire Terrier

The Terrier Group ancestors were bred to hunt and kill Detection Threshold vermin. They are often characterized as feisty and energetic dogs whose sizes range from fairly small to much larger. Example Breeds: Russell Terrier, Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier, Standard Schnauzer, Chihuahua, Miniature Pinscher

The herding group is a diverse category. These highly intelligent breeds were developed to guard and control the movement of livestock. Example Breeds: Australian Cattle Dog, Border Collie, German Shepherd Dog, Great Pyrenees

Treeing Walker Coonhound Height: 20 - 27 in

Weight (Show): 50 - 70 lb

Weight (Pet): 48 - 76 lb

Coonhound Ears: Muzzle: Tail: Treeing Walker

The Treeing Walker Coonhound is related to the English Foxhound, which was introduced to Virginia in 1742 by Thomas Walker. The foundation stock of the breed was "Tennessee Lead", a stolen dog of unknown descent and a Walker Hound. Treeing Walker Coonhound dogs were originally registered as part of the English Coonhound breed. It was not until 1946, that the Treeing Walker Coonhound was recognized as a breed in its own right. This breed is an excellent hunter of prey such as raccoons and squirrels. It "trees" its target by standing against the tree with the scent and then it will bay using its distinctive howl to inform its owner that the prey has been cornered. The Treeing Walker Coonhound has been assigned the Hound Group designation by the American Kennel Club and is currently a Foundation Stock Service breed.

The Treeing Walker Coonhound has a smooth coat and comes in either tricolor (black tan and white) or bicolor, with either black or tan with white. The color tends to cover either a saddle or blanket pattern on the back.

Do you recognize any of these Treeing Walker Coonhound traits in Roo? Agile, energetic, loving, intelligent, confident and even-tempered dogs. They are not good with small animals due to their innate tracking and hunting instincts. They are highly active and require a great deal of physical and mental exercise, so they are generally not suited to apartment living or small back gardens. Their tracking sense is so strong that they are unable to follow commands when they are trailing a scent. Their curious nature means that they have a tendency to stand on their hind legs to investigate a small child or small dog being held in the arms of an adult.

Australian Cattle Dog Height: 17 - 20 in

Weight (Show): 33 - 44 lb

Weight (Pet): 31 - 53 lb Australian Cattle Dog Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The Australian Cattle Dog was developed in the late nineteenth century. Australian settlers were in need of a dog that had the stamina to withstand the rigors of the harsh climate and conditions of the country. They also needed a dog that would be able to properly herd their animals. The breeding efforts began in the 1830’s when a native Dingo was crossed with a blue-speckled, smooth-coated Collie imported from Scotland. The litter that resulted is considered to be the Australian Cattle Dog’s earliest direct ancestors. The breed was introduced into the United States by two Californian fanciers in the late 1960’s and the American Kennel Club recognized the Australian Cattle Dog as an official breed in 1980.

The Australian Cattle Dog comes in either Blue Speckle (black, gray, or tan) or Red Speckle, where the coat is speckled or mottled. Black, red or tan patches or markings also exist.

Do you recognize any of these Australian Cattle Dog traits in Roo? Intelligent, active, energetic, and watchful dogs. Eager to learn and responds well to reward-based training, allowing them to participate in activities such as agility, flyball, and Frisbee. Herding tendencies may lead to chasing cars or herding children. May be suspicious or cautious around strangers requiring careful socialization with rewards to prevent or reduce fear-based defensive aggression.

Chow Chow Height: 18 - 22 in

Weight (Show): 40 - 65 lb

Weight (Pet):

Chow Chow 42 - 69 lb Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The Chow Chow is a venerable breed dating back at least two thousand years. Many believe that the breed originated in China, but there is some evidence that indicates the Chow Chow actually migrated to China from Mongolia and Manchuria. While no one can say for sure from which breeds the Chow Chow has descended, it is believed that the breed has Tibetan mastiff and Samoyed in its bloodline. The Chow Chow served a dual purpose in China. Some were used for hunting while others were used to guard the sacred temples from evil entities. The East Indian Company brought the Chow Chow to England in 1781 and Queen Victoria received Chow Chows as a gift in 1865. During the 1880’s, the numbers of Chow Chows imported increased drastically. The Chow Chow is one of the oldest known breeds, recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1903.

The Chow Chow comes in either rough or smooth coat, with the rough having a more fluffy appearance. The coat may have lighter shading and be one of five colors; black, blue, cinnamon, cream, and red, which varies from a light golden to a deep mahogany. The Chow is famous for its blue mottled tongue, and sometimes has a black mask.

Do you recognize any of these Chow Chow traits in Roo? Reputation as a loyal family dog. Reserved and wary with strangers. Independent spirit, but responds to reward-based obedience training. The Chow Chow was originally bred for various purposes including the guarding of people and/or property. Individual members of this breed will benefit from firm and dedicated training to temper this guarding tendency, and thus help to maintain safety as a household companion.

German Shepherd (White Swiss Shepherd) Height: 22 - 26 in

Weight (Show): 48 - 89 lb

Weight (Pet): 48 - 97 lb Ears: Muzzle: Tail: Swiss Shepherd) German Shepherd (White

The modern day German Shepherd breed is a cross between the long-haired, short-haired and wire-haired shepherd dogs of the German regions of Württemberg, Thuringia and Bavaria. Initially bred for herding, due to their strength, intelligence and excellent temperament, they became popular as guard dogs, guide dogs, search and rescue dogs, police dogs and military dogs. The German Shepherd was first recognised by the AKC in 1908. The white coated variant was removed from the main breed standard in 1968, and was conserved by breeders in Switzerland which developed the breed seen today. In some countries this is called the White Swiss Shepherd or the Berger Blanc Suisse. Due to its shared ancestry with the German Shepherd lines, and the nature of genetics, it is possible that some German Shepherd signals are reported as White German Shepherd in the ancestry chart; especially in a white mixed breed. However, the size, confirmation and behavior is the same, so this is not surprising.

German Shepherd Dogs are generally a combination of black and tan, though more or less black may be seen. There is also a "gray" variant where the tip of the hair is black and the rest is tan. A black mask and a black "saddle" are both common traits in this breed. The White German Shepherd variant can be white to shades of biscuit and cream. The coat comes in long and short varieties.

Do you recognize any of these German Shepherd (White Swiss Shepherd) traits in Roo? Personalities can vary from calm and watchful/observant to energetic. Enjoy participating in dog sports such as agility, tracking, flyball, and competitive obedience. Eager to learn and respond well to reward-based training. The German Shepherd Dog was originally bred for various purposes including the guarding of people and/or property. Individual members of this breed will benefit from firm and dedicated training to temper this guarding tendency, and thus help to maintain safety as a household companion.

Siberian Husky Height: 21 - 23 in

Weight (Show): 35 - 60 lb

Weight (Pet):

Husky 34 - 67 lb Siberian Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The Siberian Husky is an ancient breed that has a long history of helping mankind. The breed is believed to have started with the Chukchi tribe of Siberia, though various other tribes are occasionally credited with its development. The Siberian Husky has been used for a number of purposes throughout history, including herding of reindeer, pulling sleds and keeping children warm. This breed was made famous in 1925 when they were used to deliver diphtheria serum after a city was stricken by an epidemic. They were also used for transporting various other medications to the ill. The Siberian Husky found its way to America in 1909 and since that time the popularity of the breed has grown significantly. The Siberian Husky was not recognized by the American Kennel Club until 1930. Ironically, that is the same year in which the exportation of this breed was stopped by the Soviet government, who closed the borders of Siberia to external trade.

The Siberian Husky breed standard permits any color, though the dog can be black, silver, or a variety of tans. These are generally shaded and mixed with white markings leading to varied wolfish markings on the head and muzzle. Blue or amber eyes are possible.

Do you recognize any of these Siberian Husky traits in Roo? Active, social, and usually friendly dogs; often do well with children and other dogs. Siberian Huskies are energetic dogs and participate in dog sports such as sledding, skijoring (pulling a skier), and carting. Stubborn tendencies may be lessened by using reward-based training involving small treats and favorite toys. May engage in digging; might chase wildlife.

How Genetics Influence Breed Appearance and Behavior

This report includes common behavioral and physical traits associated with each of the breeds we’ve detected in your dog’s DNA. But remember, the link between genes and their expression in specific dogs is complex. It’s likely that your dog exhibits characteristics of each breed in different ways – some more subtle than others.

An Example of Breed Expression in an Individual Dog We found three primary breeds in our example dog, Frankie. While overall, Frankie is one-of-a-kind, certain aspects of Frankie’s behavior and appearance indicate the influence of each of these breeds.

Shetland Sheepdog Italian Greyhound Parson Russell Terrier

Feathering Black Pigment The longer hair on the This coloring in the legs, tail and around the nose, eye rims, lips and ears, is due to dominant pads on the feet is due modifier genes available to one copy of the black from the Shetland gene variant, available Sheepdog. from all three ancestral breeds.

Short Hair This is due to one copy of the gene variant from the Italian Greyhound or White Spotting Brindle Coat Color the Parson Russell Terrier This is due to a lack of pigment and is The black and tan striping in Frankie’s that is dominant over the often found in the extremities (feet, coat is a dominant trait coming from long coat gene from the chest, face, etc.), but can also extend one copy of the brindle gene variant. Shetland Sheepdog. over more of the body. It can be due to This is available from the Italian many genes including those found in Greyhound, Parson Russell Terrier and the three ancestral breeds here. Shetland Sheepdog.

MDR1 Screening Results Mode of Condition Gene Test Results Inheritance

Multidrug Sensitivity MDR1 Dominant Normal/Normal

Please be sure to share these results with your veterinarian at your first opportunity. They may be critical to the health care of your dog. Test Results Analysis MDR1 Normal/Normal - These dogs have two copies of the normal MDR1 gene and do not have the MDR1 mutation. They will not pass on the mutation to their offspring. These dogs are not at increased risk for experiencing side effects from drugs that are pumped by P-glycoprotein. About MDR1 MDR1, or Multidrug Resistance-1 is a genetic mutation found in many of the herding breeds, some sighthound breeds and many mixed-breed dogs. The MDR1 gene is responsible for production of P-glycoprotein, which is a transport pump that plays an important role in limiting drug absorption and distribution (particularly to the brain), and in enhancing the excretion of many drugs used in dogs. Some dogs, particularly herding breeds or mixed-breed dogs with herding breed ancestry have a mutation in the MDR1 gene that makes them defective in their ability to limit the absorption and distribution of many drugs. These dogs are also slower to eliminate drugs from the body that are transported by P-glycoprotein. As a result, dogs with the MDR1mutation may have severe adverse reactions to some common drugs, so it is important to test your dog and share your results with your veterinarian so they can provide your dog with for the best possible care. Origins of the Test The discovery of the mutation of the multidrug resistant gene (MDR1) and its effects on multidrug sensitivity in dogs was made by Washington State University. It is a patent-protected diagnostic test offered by Washington State University that has been licensed to Mars Veterinary for use in the Banfield® Canine Genetic Analysis™ tests. In addition to the MDR1 genetic mutation screen, Roo was also tested for more than 90 other genetic health conditions. We have reported all the genetic marker findings including these MDR1 results to your veterinarian. If you have not already consulted with him or her, please be sure to schedule an appointment to find out more information regarding any potential health conditions and any additional health screenings that may be recommended. A full list of results can also be found by logging into your Banfield Client Account on Banfield.com. Technology Licensed By

Genetic Heritage Genetic heritage can affect Roo’s appearance, behavior and health. We have provided some general information about the breeds detected in Roo in this report. The full medical report, including additional breed-specific genetic information about Roo, is available from your veterinarian. You should discuss any health related concerns with your veterinarian. The purpose of the Canine Genetic Analysis™ is to identify the genetic ancestry of your dog and to provide information to your veterinarian to help craft a personalized care plan to help you provide the best quality of life for Roo.

How Canine Genetic Analysis™ Works The DNA extracted from Roo’s cells was examined for over 3000 markers that are used in the test. These results were evaluated using a program designed to consider all possible pedigree trees from the last three generations, from a simple pedigree with a single breed (likely a pure bred) to a complex tree with eight different great-grandparent breeds allowed. We use information from more than 200 breeds represented in our database to fill these potential pedigrees. Each of the millions of pedigrees are scored on how well it matches Roo’s data. The pedigree with the best score is shown on the ancestry chart.

Terms and Conditions Each dog is unique and its physical and behavioral traits will be the result of multiple factors, including genetics, training, handling, and environment. Banfield® Pet Hospital’s proprietary Canine Genetic Analysis™ provides insight into the behavioral traits in breeds that have been identified in your dog, the predicted genetic adult weight range and breed-related risks of developing certain genetic diseases. A dog’s weight range can vary significantly depending on age, diet and exercise. Canine Genetic Analysis™ is not intended to diagnose any disease, or predict behavior in any particular dog. In the unlikely event that it is not possible to determine breed history, predicted adult weight range or breed-related health risks, or if an error in the analysis occurs, liability by Banfield® Pet Hospital, or related companies and individuals is disclaimed and damages in any event are limited to the payment actually received by Banfield for the individual specified analysis at issue. Canine Genetic Analysis™ is designed and intended to be used solely to identify the genetic history of your dog’s recent ancestry and no other purpose is intended, authorized or permitted. All dogs should be considered individual animals. Because each dog is a product of its unique environment and handling, it may exhibit different traits and behaviors than those listed on the breed detail pages provided in the final results. The descriptions of the individual breeds provided by the Banfield Canine Genetic Analysis on these pages are intended to be general in nature. They are not intended to be all-inclusive or definitive and may or may not reflect the natural temperament of your dog. Many countries and provinces have breed-specific ordinances and laws that may require special handling or prohibit the ownership of some dogs with a particular breed in their genetic background. The Canine Genetic Analysis™ is not intended to be used by regulatory or animal control officials to determine whether a particular breed is legislated or banned in a particular community. Nor is the Canine Genetic Analysis™ intended to be used in any judicial proceedings. Rather, it is intended to be used as a tool or resource in determining a dog’s genetic history. Neither Banfield® Pet Hospital nor any related company is responsible for compliance or notification regarding these matters. Banfield® Pet Hospital continues to study the complexities of the canine genome, with the goal of continuing to add breeds and the ability to detect additional breed-related disease conditions to Canine Genetic Analysis™ in the future. If you have any questions about the results, please contact the hospital support team or call 888-K9-PET-TEST (1-888-597-3883).

Optimum Wellness Plan Recommendation for Roo You and your veterinarian know your pet best. The Canine Genetic Analysis™ is important, but it is only one indicator your veterinarian will use in recommending the appropriate wellness plan level for next year. Talk to your veterinarian at your next comprehensive exam to discuss the Canine Genetic Analysis™ recommendation of Active Prevention Plan for next year. We know that the most common disease in dogs is dental disease. It affects 91% of dogs over the age of three. Like humans, dental disease has been associated with changes in liver, kidney and cardiac functions. Based on Roo’s breed and age, we know that your pet would greatly benefit from a dental cleaning BEFORE these problems develop. Twice-yearly comprehensive physical exams include blood work. Your Banfield veterinarian will be able to establish baselines for Roo so we can watch for problems that might appear with age. Talk to your veterinarian for more detail about what is included in the Active Prevention Plan. Nutrition Weight and nutritional counseling are part of the comprehensive physical exam(s) included in every Optimum Wellness Plan. This will be especially important as Roo matures. Based on test results, we predict Roo’s ideal weight range to be: Ideal Weight Range: 42 - 66 lbs Dental Care The plan recommended for Roo includes an annual dental cleaning. Professional teeth cleaning prevents serious infection, tooth loss, pain and may reduce the potential for heart and kidney disease. We always thoroughly assess your dog’s health before administering anesthesia for any dental procedure. Vaccinations Wellness plans protect your pet against a wide variety of diseases and infections with routinely recommended vaccinations to meet your dog’s individual needs. Parasite Control Parasite control options can be added to any Optimum Wellness Plan to make it easy and affordable to protect your dog from fleas, heartworm and other parasites that can spread harmful diseases. Behavior We work closely with you and your pet from the very beginning to help develop behavior training plans.

©2017 Mars, Incorporated. All Rights Reserved Signed: Treeing Walker Treeing Coonhound of over 3000 unique DNA markers and a proprietary breed detection breed and a proprietary DNA markers 3000 unique of over as determined by a Banfield Pet Hospital Canine Genetic Analysis™ Canine Hospital Pet a Banfield by determined as algorithm examining the last three generations of ancestry. generations three the last examining algorithm is genetically composed of the following canine breeds: canine of the following composed genetically is Australian Cattle Dog Cattle Australian Cynthia Cole, DVM, PhD, DACVCP PhD, DVM, Cole, Cynthia We hereby certify that hereby We Chow Chow Chow Mars Veterinary Mars ROO German Shepherd German (White Swiss Shepherd) Siberian Husky Siberian Date: July 25, 2017 Date: Mixed Breed Mixed