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Engineering Geology of the New Firth of Forth Road Crossing Not Just Software GeoscientistThe Fellowship magazine of The Geological Society of London | www.geolsoc.org.uk | Volume 21 No 11 | Dec 11/Jan 12 NEW! GEOLSOC BLOG ] [geolsoc.wordpress.com CROSSED NICOL How a dastardly deed polarised opinion RESCUE DIGS New website gathers fleeting geoinformation THIRD OF FORTH Engineering geology of the new Firth of Forth road crossing Not Just Software. RockWare. 'PS0WFS:FBST RockWorks® LogPlot® MARS® PetraSim™ 3D Data Management, Powerful, Flexible, Data Processing for A Preprocessor and Analysis and Visualization Easy-to-Use Borehole and Airborne, Terrestrial and Postprocessor for TOUGH2, Well Log Software s0OWERFULMEASURED SECTION Mobile LiDAR Datasets T2VOC, TMVOC, TOUGHREACT and TOUGH-FX/HYDRATE BOREHOLEDATABASEFOR s$OZENSOFTEMPLATES s BITSUPPORTFORALL MANAGING AVAILABLEORDESIGNYOUR 7INDOWSOPERATINGSYSTEMS s-ODELMULTI COMPONENT ,ITHOLOGY OWNINTHEDRAWING STYLE s#APABLEOFLOADING,I$!2 mUIDmOW HEATTRANSFERAND 3TRATIGRAPHY LOGDESIGNERWINDOW ,!3 IMAGERY2'"AND REACTIVETRANSPORTPROCESSES (YDROLOGY s4ABBEDDATASHEETS HYPERSPECTRAL AND')3VECTORS s3ATURATEDANDUNSATURATED &RACTURES s)MPORT%XPORTDATAFROM s3UPPORTS7-3IMAGERY CONDITIONS (YDROCHEMISTRYEG ,!3 %XCEL 2OCK7ORKS INCLUDING"ING-APS s&RACTUREDANDPOROUSMEDIA #ONTAMINANTS s"ATCHGENERATE$%-SAND s-ESHGENERATION PARAMETER 'EOPHYSICS s0AGINATEDANDCONTINUOUS ELEVATIONCONTOURS DElNITION ANDDISPLAYOF ANDMORE LOGSATANYVERTICALSCALE s!UTOMATEDANDMANUAL RESULTS s#REATESTRIPLOGS s%XPORTTOAVARIETYOF ,I$!2lLTERINGTOOLS s.OWSUPPORTS4/5'( -0 CROSS SECTIONS FENCE FORMATS DIAGRAMS AND s!LLOWSMULTI COREPROCESSING PARALLELVERSIONOFTHE BLOCKMODELS s&REEVIEWERCANBE FORMOREEFlCIENTUSEOF 4/5'(SIMULATOR DISTRIBUTEDTOCLIENTS s#ONTOURDATAIN$AND 0#HARDWARE s!PPLICATIONSINCLUDE $ISOSURFACES s$COORDINATETRANSFORMATION GEOTHERMALSTUDIES CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONTAMINANT s%XTENSIVEON LINEHELPAND SUPPORTFOR,!3lLES HORIZONTALANDVERTICAL TRANSPORTMODELING VADOSE SAMPLEDATASETS ZONEHYDROLOGYANDMORE s)NCLUDES2OCK7ORKS5TILITIES $3,000 $699 $4,995 Call for pricing RockWare.com Free trials for most European Sales of our products available at www.rockware.com t' [email protected] MapInfo Follow us on: Professional® US Sales t' [email protected] CONTENTS GEOSCIENTIST IN THIS ISSUE DECEMBER 2011 / JANUARY 2012 Image: Anna Kucherova/Shutterstock FEATURES 19 DOUBLE-CROSSED NICOL Dr Howard Falcon-Lang digs the dirt on how a dastardly palaeobotanist tried to steal William Nicol’s microscopic glory REGULARS 05 WELCOME Pure and applied science are inseparable, says Ted Nield 06 GEONEWS What’s new in the world of geoscientific research 08 SOCIETY NEWS What your Society is doing at home and abroad, in London and the regions 12 11 SOAPBOX Know your limits! - Martin Lack reminds us COVER FEATURE: THIRD OF FORTH that this is a finite world with finite resources Ground investigations redefine the geology of the Firth of Forth, say John Brown and Tom Berry 22 LETTERS We welcome your thoughts 24 PEOPLE Geoscientists in the news and on the move 26 BOOK & ARTS Two reviews by Ian Sims and Joanna Wragg 27 CALENDAR Society activities this month 28 OBITUARY A distinguished Fellow remembered 29 CROSSWORD Win a special publication of your choice ONLINE SPECIALS n BOUNDARY ISSUE Nicol Morton, Former Chair of the International Subcommission on Jurassic Stratigraphy, describes the mystic-awful process of defining the 07 19 System’s base, and hammering in a ‘golden spike’ DECEMBER 2011 / JANUARY 2012 03 Lyell Meeting 2012 Thursday, 29 March, 2012 ‘Big Palaeontology’, The Geological Society, London Large-scale projects, involving multidisciplinary geoscience teams from numerous institutions, are playing an increasingly important role in modern palaeontological research. This meeting will showcase the science being undertaken in these projects across the range of palaeontological disciplines, including key contributions from junior researchers. We will discuss the benefits and logistics of running these large-scale projects including funding, outreach and training opportunities. Convenors: Drs Jeremy Young (UCL) and Tom Dunkley Jones (University of Birmingham) Keynote Speakers: Further information Chris Stringer Ancient Human Occupation of Britain For further information about the conference, Henk Brinkhuis IODP Wilkes Land Glacial History please contact: Ken Johnson EU Indonesian Throughflow project Ellie Duncanson-Hunter, Conference Office, The Geological Society, Burlington House, Bridget Wade Tanzanian Drilling Project Piccadilly, London W1J 0BG Wolfgang Kiessling PBDB – coral biodiversity T: 0207 434 9944 Paul Upchurch PBDB – Cretaceous vertebrate biodiversity F: 0207 494 0579 E: [email protected] Mark Sutton Imaging and Virtual Palaeontology W: www.geolsoc.org.uk/lyell2012 Richard Twitchett Co-evolution of Life and the Planet Richard Edmonds Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site ~ EDITOR’S COMMENT GEOSCIENTIST THE CANTILEVERED RAIL CROSSING, OPENED IN MARCH 1890, WAS THE FIRST ENGINEERING MARVEL TO SPAN THE FIRTH OF FORTH Front cover image Rob van Esch/Shutterstock ~ BUILDING BRIDGES sk Mme. Nield, and she will tell you Geoscientist is the E enquiries@centuryone Fellowship magazine of publishing.ltd.uk – I will travel miles out of my way to the Geological Society W www.centuryone admire a good bridge or a hole in of London publishing.ltd.uk the ground. I suspect that the log- The Geological Society, CHIEF EXECUTIVE suffering spouse of any geologist, Burlington House, Piccadilly, Nick Simpson even a ‘recovering’ one, will tell a London W1J 0BG T 01727 893 894 T +44 (0)20 7434 9944 E nick@centuryone similar tale. From the Roman F +44 (0)20 7439 8975 publishing.ltd.uk aqueductA at Segovia to the Rössing uranium mine in E [email protected] (Not for Editorial) ADVERTISING EXECUTIVE Namibia (Geoscientist 12.12, December 2002), eye- Jonathan Knight rolling accounts of holiday diversions past will Publishing House T 01727 739 193 The Geological Society E jonathan@centuryone come pouring out over the Christmas apéritifs. Publishing House, Unit 7, publishing.ltd.uk As this double-issue of Geoscientist bridges the old Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Brassmill Lane, Bath ART EDITOR year and the new, it is a particular pleasure BA1 3JN Heena Gudka therefore to welcome two pieces – our feature on the T 01225 445046 engineering geology of the third Firth of Forth F 01225 442836 DESIGN & PRODUCTION Sarah Astington crossing, currently under construction, and a story Library about a new ‘citizen science’ initiative from BGS to T +44 (0)20 7432 0999 PRINTED BY F +44 (0)20 7439 3470 Century One Publishing Ltd. enable geological information from temporary E [email protected] excavations to be recorded for posterity. Copyright EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The Geological Society of Since the transport revolution - brought about by Professor Tony Harris FGS London is a Registered Charity, hydrocarbons, the internal combustion engine and number 210161. symbolized by such engineering feats as the Forth EDITOR ISSN (print) 0961-5628 Dr Ted Nield NUJ FGS ISSN (online) 2045-1784 road bridge - mass materials transport has E [email protected] The Geological Society of London progressively banished local quarries, mines and accepts no responsibility for the brick pits from our landscape. The local quarry, EDITORIAL BOARD views expressed in any article in this Dr Sue Bowler FGS publication. All views expressed, worked sporadically to satisfy local demand for Dr Robin Cocks FGS except where explicitly stated Dr Martin Degg FGS otherwise, represent those of the Earth materials such as lime, dimension stone Dr Joe McCall FGS author, and not The Geological or gravel, has been replaced by the distant Dr Jonathan Turner FGS Society of London. All rights reserved. No paragraph of this mega-quarry serving national – or even Dr Jan Zalasiewicz FGS publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with international markets. Meanwhile, old quarries Trustees of the Geological written permission. Users registered slowly fill and become overgrown - not only Society of London with Copyright Clearance Center: the Dr J P B Lovell OBE Journal is registered with CCC, 27 inaccessible, but even indistinguishable from the (President); Professor P A Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, countryside around them. Allen (Secretary, Science); USA. 0961-5628/02/$15.00. Every effort has been made to trace For these reasons, temporary excavations opened Miss S Brough; Mr M copyright holders of material in this Brown; Professor R A publication. If any rights have during construction work have assumed ever Butler; Mr D J Cragg; been omitted, the publishers offer Professor J Francis; their apologies. greater importance to our understanding of local Professor A J Fraser; Dr S A geology – as John Brown and Tom Berry Gibson; Mrs M P Henton No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or demonstrate in their article. For even those civil (Secretary, Professional damage to persons or property as a Matters); Dr R A Hughes Dr matter of products liability, engineering works that one might have expected to A Law (Treasurer); Professor negligence or otherwise, or from any lead to permanent exposures are, in today’s world, R J Lisle; Professor A R Lord use or operation of any methods, (Secretary, Foreign & products, instructions or ideas increasingly not doing so. One expects a deep External Affairs); Mr P contained in the material herein. basement or underground car park to eventually fill Maliphant (Vice president); Although all advertising
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