Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture

Early Greece A Basic Chronology ! 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 BCE 1b. Bronze Age - Mycenaeans 1450-1200 2. Iron Age (Dark Ages) 1200-750 3. Archaic Period 750-480 4. Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece - Minoans The Minoan Civilization (1900-1450 BCE) ! !

Knossos, Crete

1b. Bronze Age Greece - Mycenaeans

The Mycenaean Civilization (1450-1200 BCE) Mainland Greece, especially the Peloponnesus

Mycenae – Palace Megaron

Cf. Megaron at Pylos, Palace of Nestor Mycenae – Demons?

Mycenae – Palace Megaron

Cf. Megaron at Pylos, Palace of Nestor The Bronze Age - Collapse

! Greek Palace structures are destroyed in about 1200-1150 BCE ! Knossos Mycenae Pylos Thebes Tiryns Troy(!)

We do not know how or by whom the devastation occurred - the Greeks told a story of invaders (the “Dorian invasion”) 2. The Greek! “Dark Age” - the Iron Age 1200-750 BCE

Lefkandi – Heroön plan ! 2. The Iron Age 1200-750 BCE

Early Geometric Vase 850 BCE Iron Age – Movement to the Archaic Period Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture

Early Greece A Basic Chronology ! 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 BCE 1b. Bronze Age - Mycenaeans 1450-1200 2. Iron Age (Dark Ages) 1200-750 3. Archaic Period 750-480 4. Classical Period 480-323 ! ! 3. The Archaic Period 750-480 BCE 530 BCE

750 BCE

560 BCE 700 BCE 600 BCE Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture

The Archaic Period 750-480 BCE

Background to the “Classical Moment” ! ! The Archaic Period

Mantiklos Apollo, 700-650 BC The Archaic Period

Mantiklos Apollo, 700-650 BC The Archaic Period

Geometric bronze horse, c. 700 BC The Archaic Period

New York Kouros c. 600 BC The Archaic Period

Mentuemhet, Egypt, 7th c.

Kouros c. 600 BC The Archaic Period

Kleobis & Biton, c. 590 BC The Archaic Period

Calf Bearer Kouros, 560 BC

• “Archaic smile” The Archaic Period

Kroisos (Anavysos ) Kouros c. 530 BC

• Note original paint The Archaic Period – Movement to the Classical

Cf. Kritios Boy, 480 BC The Archaic Period

Maiden from Auxerre, c. 650 BC The Archaic Period

Phrasikleia Kore, c. 550 BC The Archaic Period

Peplos Kore c. 530 BC The Archaic Period

Maiden of Chios, c. 510 BC The Archaic Period – Movement to the Classical

Cf. Caryatids from the Porch of Maidens, Erechtheion, Acropolis; Stele of Ampharete A Basic Chronology ! 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 BCE 1b. Bronze Age - Mycenaeans 1450-1200 2. Iron Age (Dark Ages) 1200-750 3. Archaic Period 750-480 4. Classical Period 480-323 ! 3. Archaic Period 750-480 480 BCE 480 BCE The Persian War 480 The Persian War 480 The Persian (Achaemenid) Empire Herodotus

“The Father of History”

“The History of the Persian Wars” Herodotus

What is “History”? Herodotus

What does it mean to write “History” before “History” has been invented? Herodotus

But what does it mean to “invent” history? Herodotus

History as a formal narrative about the past (the study of such narratives is call historiography) Herodotus

History as a formal narrative about the past

• NOT “A COLLECTION OF FACTS ABOUT THE PAST” • NOT “WHAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST”

… AT LEAST NOT SIMPLY THAT Herodotus History as a formal narrative about the past

• Story (narrative) • Memorialization • Analysis • Selection • Meaning

Herodotus, proem: “presentation to the public,” “researches” = historiê, “time not erase”, “great and marvelous deeds,” “glory” = kleos, “why”, “war/quarrel” Herodotus The Snatchings of Women

IONIA

Erythraean Sea

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy Herodotus The Snatchings of Women

Io

Europa

IONIA

Medea

Erythraean Sea Helen

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy Herodotus The Snatchings of Women

Io Europa Medea Helen

IONIA

“The Persians Say” Erythraean Sea “The Greeks Say” “The Phoenicians Say”

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy Herodotus The Snatchings of Women

“The Persians Say” “The Greeks Say” “The Phoenicians Say”

IONIA Themes:

Erythraean Sea WEST / EAST

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy Herodotus The Snatchings of Women

“The Persians Say” “The Greeks Say” “The Phoenicians Say”

IONIA Themes: WEST / EAST

Erythraean Sea Women as objects Cause of the quarrel Refusal of ransom

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy Herodotus The Story of Gyges

LYDIA IONIA

Corinth • • Miletus

1.2 Lydia, the river Halys, Delphi, Corinth, Miletus (Milesia is the area around Miletus), Colophon, Priene Herodotus The Story of Gyges

Halys river •

1.3s Lydia, Sardis, Ephesus, Miletus. The Maeander River flows just north of Miletus, and the town of Assessus is also in the area near Miletus (Milesia).

Herodotus The Story of Gyges

Themes