Check List 16 (1): 253–264

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NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 16 (1): 253–264 https://doi.org/10.15560/16.1.253

New records of Myxomycetes from Peru

Italo F. Treviño-Zevallos1, 2, Carlos Lado Rodriguez1

1 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain. 2 Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Daniel Alcides Carrión s/n, Arequipa, Peru. Corresponding author: Italo F. Treviño-Zevallos, [email protected]

Abstract We report 19 species of Myxomycetes for first time in Peru.Macbrideola spinispora L.M. Walker, G. Moreno & S.L. Stephenson, previously known only from the type collection from Costa Rica, is now reported for South America, enlarging its distribution considerably. The Myxomycetes were collected in Wayqecha Biological Station, a conservation area in the Cuzco region. The specimens were deposited in the South Peruvian Herbarium (HSP) and the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (MA-Fungi). The number of Myxomycetes currently recorded from Peru is increased to 174 species.

Keywords Amoebozoa, distribution, diversity, montane forest, Myxobiota, Neotropics.

Academic editor: Adalgisa Fernanda Cabral | Received 31 October 2019 | Accepted 3 February 2020 | Published 13 March 2020

Citation: Treviño-Zevallos IF, Lado C (2020) New records of Myxomycetes from Peru. Check List 16 (2): 253–264. https://doi.org/10.15560/16.2.253

Introduction where some new species have been described (Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2015, 2019; Lado et al. 2016, 2019). This The Myxomycetes are amoeboid protists included in list is far from complete, however. Amoebozoa. These microorganisms have been consid- Montane forests are considered as one of the most ered for many years as a special group of fungi (Kirk diverse zones for plants of the Amazon region (Young et al. 2011) since they reproduce by spores generated in and León 2001). This diversity is even greater when static fruiting bodies. However, the trophic phases are associated microorganisms, such as the Myxomycetes, amoeboid and Myxomycetes are now considered to be are also included, but unfortunately these are scarcely protists. Most of these organisms barely exceed a milli- studied, and only three records have been published meter in size and are found in all terrestrial ecosystems. (Rojas et al. 2011). With this paper, we contribute to the They have been traditionally associated with humid knowledge of the diversity of Peruvian Myxomycetes in temperate environments, due to the need for water to this kind of forest. complete their life cycle, but their presence in arid environments is also frequent (Lado et al. 2016, 2019). The current catalogue of Myxomycetes of Peru has Methods 155 taxa recorded, and these come from the studies car- All the material studied is from Wayqecha Biological ried out over the last decade in the Tropical Rainforest of Station (Fig. 1A), a private conservation area managed Madre de Dios (Rojas et al. 2011; Rojas and Stephenson by the Association for the Conservation of the Ama- 2013) and the arid areas of Lomas and cardonal habitats, zon Basin, ACCA (Rivera 2007; Medina et al. 2012). It

Copyright Treviño-Zevallos and Lado. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 254 Check List 16 (2)

Figure 1. A. Map of Wayqecha Biological Station (WBS). B, C. View of montane forest in WBS. is located in the Cusco Region, Paucartambo Province, Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991), Lado and Pando (1997), near Km 117 on the Cusco–Pilcopata route (13°10′31″S, Poulain et al. (2011), and other specialized literature. The 71°35′12″W). The study area is at elevations between nomenclature follows Lado (2005–2019), and the species 2300 and 3500 m a.s.l. All collections were made dur- descriptions are based on direct examination of the Peru- ing two expeditions, which were conducted by one of us vian collections. For colour designation, we have used (IFTZ). Each expedition, at the end of January and in the ISCC-NBS colour-name charts illustrated with cen- May of 2018, lasted for one week. The flora of the area troid colours (Kelly 1965). We include the alpha numeric is very diverse and montane forest is dominant (Fig. 1B, code used by Kelly (1965). The colours provided for the C). Two forest zones were distinguished within the Way- structures are based on observations made in reflected qecha Biological Station. The first zone is in the lower daylight, except, where indicated, those made under part of the station nearestthe river. There, dense stands microscope using transmitted light (TL) with a halogen of Weinmannia and Myrsine trees are dominant, but also lighting system. Measurements of the sporocarps are with a remarkable presence of epiphytic bromeliads and represented by two values, the first representing height orchids. The second zone has more dispersed trees and and the second width. For plasmodiocarpic fructification shrubs, which gives an aspect of a sparser and less humid three measurements are given, the first one indicates forest. The dominant trees and shrubs in this second the length of the longest axis, the two following are the zone belong to the genera Clethra and Oreocallis, as well height and width respectively, measured on a plane at as representatives of the family Ericaceae. Finally, the right angle to the longest axis and the substratum sur- highest part of the Wayqecha Biological Station are tran- face (Lado and Pando 1997). Measurements of spores sitional to the Andean grasslands. and capillitia include any surface structures or ornamen- We deposited our specimens of Myxomycetes in the tation, and measurements of stalks and columellae were Peruvian South Herbarium (HSP) managed by the Insti- taken at the longitudinal middle. Distributional data for tuto Científico Michael Owen Dillon (Arequipa, Peru), the species in the Neotropics are based on Lado and with duplicates of some species in the Herbarium of the Wrigley de Basanta (2008), but for Peru these data has Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (MA-Fungi). The spec- been updated with the information in recent publications imens were identified using monographs of the group (Lado et al. 2008, 2016, 2019; Rojas et al. 2011; Wrigley such as Martin and Alexopoulos (1969), Farr (1976), de Basanta et al. 2008, 2015, 2019). Treviño-Zevallos and Lado | New records of Myxomycetes from Peru 255

Results netted, threads 2–2.5 µm in diameter, branched and anastomosed, flexuous, elastic, grayish brown (61.gy. Br) Our study contributes new records of 19 species of Peru- by TL. Spores free, grayish brown (81. gy. y Br) in mass, vian Myxobiota. This represents a 12% increase of in the yellowish brown (75. deep y Br) by TL, globose, 7.5–10 number of Myxomycetes species recorded in the coun- µm in diameter, with small and inconspicuous warts. try, which now is 174. Notes. This species is known from Europe (Ing 1999), Arcyria pomiformis (Leers) Rostaf. Asia (Martin and Alexopoulus 1969), New Zealand (Ste- New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: phenson 2003), South Africa (Ndiritu et al. 2009), Japan, Wayqecha Biological Station, Zorro trail to Esperan- Australia, and USA (GBIF 2020). This is the second za (13.173°S, 071.594°W, 2821 m alt.), I. Treviño & J. record of this species for the Neotropics. It was previ- Muñuico, 1 Feb. 2018, leaf litter, Myx-317 (HSP). ously reported by Lado et al. (2013) from Chile. Comat- richa alta is characterized by the capillitium that at the Identification. Sporocarps solitary or grouped, stalked, upper part falls away from the columella, like a long 1.4–2 mm in total height. Hypothallus membranous, indi- plume (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1991). Comatricha fragi- vidual, discoid, shiny. Stalk cylindrical, erect, 0.5–0.8 lis Meyl. also has a capillitium which falls off the colu- mm long, 0.06–0.09 mm wide, longitudinally grooved, mella but it does not expand, and the fruiting bodies are dark grayish brown (62. d. gy. Br), filled with cysts of 17.5–20 µm in diameter. Sporotheca subglobose, 0.9–1.2 smaller, about 2 mm in total height versus 5–7.5 mm in mm in diameter after expansion of the capillitium, gray- C. alta. ish yellow (90. gy. Y). Peridium membranous, evanes- Craterium minutum (Leers) Fr. cent, remaining in the basal part as a calyculus of 0.5 mm in diameter, yellowish brown (77. m. y Br). Capilli- New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: tium netted, tubules attached to the calyculus, flexuous, Wayqecha Biological Station, Canopy trail (13.193°S, elastic, branched and anastomosed, 3–5 µm in diame- 071.589°W, 2944 m alt.), I. Treviño & J. Muñuico, 31 Jan. ter, ornamented with spines, half-rings, rings, or teeth. 2018, leaf litter, Myx-282b (HSP). Wayqecha Biological Spores free, grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) in mass, colour- Station. (13.172°S, 071.596°W, 2662 m alt.), I. Treviño & less by TL, globose, 7–8 µm in diameter, faintly warted, S. Huamaní, 1 June 2018, leaf litter, Myx-513a (HSP). with scattered groups of more prominent warts. Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 0.9–1.2 Notes. This species is distributed worldwide, but not mm in total height. Hypothallus membranous, individ- previously recorded from Peru. In the Neotropics, this ual, discoid, shiny. Stalk cylindrical, erect, longitudinally species was previously reported from Mexico, Pan- grooved, 0.4–0.6 mm long, 0.04–0.06 mm wide, yellow- ama, Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argen- ish brown (75. deep y Br). Sporotheca conical, with con- tina. Arcyria pomiformis resembles A. cinerea (Bull.) vex apex, 0.5–0.7 mm in diameter, yellowish (87. m. Y). Pers. but differs in the subglobose sporotheca, with a Peridium double, with two appressed layers: outer layer wide-meshed capillitial reticulum, and the tubules of the subcartilaginous and usually limeless, inner layer mem- capillitium yellowish or ochraceous and more densely branous and limy, dehiscence by a regular, complete lid. ornamented. The specimens agree with the description Columella and pseudocolumella absent. Capillitium net- provided by Lado and Pando (1997), except for the size of the cysts, which are a little smaller in our Peruvian ted, with large white (263. White) lime nodes, connected specimen (17.5–20 µm vs 24–30 µm in diameter). with thin, colourless tubules. Spores free, reddish brown (46. gy. r Br) in mass, grayish brown (45. l. gy. r Br) by Comatricha alta Preuss TL, globose, 8–10 µm in diameter, warted. Figure 2A Notes. This is species is distributed worldwide but has New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: not so far been reported from Peru. In the Neotropics, Wayqecha Biological Station, Canopy trail (13.193°S, it has been reported from Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, and 071.589°W, 2944 m alt.), I. Treviño & J. Muñuico, 2 Feb. Brazil. The species is characterized by the grouped, 2018, bark of decayed branches, Myx-282b (HSP). yellowish brown sporocarps and by the conical sporo- Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 5–7.5 mm theca with a typical dehiscence by a regular, complete in total height. Hypothallus membranous, individual, lid. Macroscopically it looks like C. concinnum Rex but or common to a group of sporocarps, discoid or effuse, differs in the number of layers of the peridium (single opaque. Stalk cylindrical, erect, sometimes curved, en C. concinnum vs double in C. minutum). The mor- 4.5–6.5 mm long, 0.03–0.05 mm wide, blackish (65. br phology of the specimens collected in EBW corresponds Black). Sporotheca short cylindrical, 0.5–1 × 0.25–0.3 to the description sprovided by Farr (1976) for tropical mm, yellowish brown (81. gy. y Br). Columella cylin- collections, and Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991) for speci- drical, reaching the apex of the sporotheca, 0.5–1 mm mens from temperate regions, except for the presence of long, 0.01 mm wide, blackish (65. br Black). Capillitium a pseudocolumella, which is absent in our material. 256 Check List 16 (2)

Figure 2. A. Comatricha alta, IT-Myx-282b (HSP), stalked sporocarp. B. Diderma fragile IT-Myx-410 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91788), two open sporocarps showing the columella and a remainder of the capillitium. C. Diderma subdyctiospermum IT-Myx-393 (HSP), several sporocarps. Scale bars: A = 0.25 mm; B, C = 0.5 mm.

Craterium obovatum Peck (263. White) lime nodes, connected by thin, colourless tubules. Spores free, blackish (65. br. Black) in mass, New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: grayish brown (46. gy. r Br) by TL, paler in one side, glo- Wayqecha Biological Station (13.193°S, 071.589°W, bose, 12.5–15 µm in diameter, warted and with an inter- 2943 m alt.), I. Treviño & S. Huamaní, 2 June 2018, leaf rupted reticulum. of Greigia sp., Myx-564 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91809); Way- qecha Biological Station (13.1930°S, 071.589°W, 2943 m Notes. This species is widely distributed in Europe, alt.), I. Treviño S. Huamaní, 2 June 2018, in grass, Myx- America, and Asia (Martin and Alexopoulos 1969; Polain 581 (HSP). et al. 2011). In the Neotropics, it was previously reported Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 1.2–2 mm from Mexico, Uruguay, and Argentina. This species is in total high. Hypothallus membranous, individual, dis- characterized by the unique ornamentation of the spores, coid, opaque. Stalk cylindrical, erect, 0.8 mm long, 0.09– which are warted and with an interrupted reticulum (Pou- 0.11 mm wide, reddish black (24. r Black), filled with lain et al. 2011). It also differs from other species ofCrate - crystalline lime concretions. Sporotheca subglobose to rium by its true calcareous cylindrical columella. slightly obovoid, 0.4–0.7 mm in diameter, reddish black Cribraria mirabilis R.K. Benj. & Poitras (24. r Black) at the base turning grayish brown (61. gy. Br) at the apex. Peridium membranous, slightly limy, New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: fragile, single, pale yellow (89. p. Y), dehiscence irreg- Wayqecha Biological Station (Zorro trail to Esperan- ular. Columella cylindrical, 0.25–0.4 mm long, 0.04– za), (13.173°S, 071.594°W, 2821 m alt.), I. Treviño & J. 0.06 mm wide, reddish black (24. r Black). Capillitium Muñuico, 1 Feb. 2018, bark of decayed branches, Myx- arising from the columella, netted, with irregular white 322 (HSP). Treviño-Zevallos and Lado | New records of Myxomycetes from Peru 257

Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, around 3 Diderma fragile Aramb. mm in total height. Hypothallus membranous, individual, Figure 2B effuse, shiny. Stalk cylindrical, erect, sometimes slightly New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: curved, longitudinally grooved, 2.2–2.5 mm long, 0.05– Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.177°S, 071.584°W, 0.07 mm wide, blackish (65. br. Black). Sporotheca glo- 2851 m alt.), 30 May 2018, on bryophyte and leaf lit- bose, 0.4–0.5 mm in diameter. Peridium membranous, ter, I. Treviño & S. Huamaní, Myx-410 (HSP, MA-Fungi grayish brown (47. d. gy. r Br), evanescent, remaining 91788). as 20 to 25 ribs, which reach from the base to over half way up the sporotheca. These ribs merge into an irregu- Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 1–1.3 mm lar net; lime globules ca. 1 µm in diameter concentrated in total height. Hypothallus membranous, common to a on the ribs and nodes of the net. Spores free, yellowish group of sporocarps, effuse, shiny. Stalk short, cylindri- brown (61. l. y Br) in mass, yellowish white (92. y White) cal, erect, longitudinally grooved, 0.3–0.45 mm long, by TL, globose, 5–7 µm in diameter, minutely warted. 0.3–0.35 mm wide, yellow (87. m. Y). Sporotheca sub- Notes. This worldwide species was not previously globose, 0.7–1 mm in diameter, yellowish white (92. y recorded from Peru. In the Neotropics, it was previously White). Peridium double, with two appressed layers, the reported from Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, and Chile. outer layer calcareous, fragile, eggshell-like, yellowish According to Farr (1976), this species is native to moun- white (92. y White), concolorous in the inner side but tains or cold climates, but this statement seems unproven. turning yellowish brown (78. d. y. Br) at the base of spo- The species is distinguished from C. cancellata (Batsch) rotheca, the inner layer membranous, colourless, dehis- Nann.-Bremek. by its erect or suberect fruiting bodies cence irregular. Columella subglobose, 0.4–0.5 mm in and by the number of peridial ribs, 20–25 in our speci- diameter, that occupies almost 2/3 of the sporotheca, men vs 40–50 in C. cancellata. rough, orange-yellow (70. l. O Y). Capillitium radiating from the columella, thread-like, yellowish brown (75. Cribraria vulgaris Schrad. deep y Br) by TL, with pale areas, threads 1–2.5 µm in New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: diameter, scarcely branched, with irregular surface due Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.176°S, 071.582°W, to protuberances. Spores free, blackish (65. br Black) in 2705 m alt.), 29 May 2018, on bark of Hesperomeles mass, reddish brown (42. l. r Br) by TL, pale in one side, sp., I. Treviño & S. Huamaní, Myx 376 (HSP). Wayqe- globose, 12.5–15 µm in diameter, spinulose. cha Biological Station (Oso trail), (13.178°S, 071.582°W, Notes. This species, previously only known from Argen- 2717 m alt.), 28 Jan. 2018, on bryophyte, I. Treviño & J. tine Tierra del Fuego, is reported for the first time out- Muñuico, Myx-149 (HSP). side Argentina. The distinctive characters of D. fragile Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 2.1–2.5 are the short stalks, the spiny spores, and the well-devel- mm in total height. Hypothallus membranous, individ- oped calcareous columella, which occupies 2/3 of the size ual, effuse, opaque. Stalk cylindrical, erect, longitu- of the sporotheca (Arambarri 1973). The Peruvian spec- dinally grooved, 1.7–2 mm long, 0.05–0.09 mm wide, imen corresponds to the original description, but the brownish black (65. br Black). Sporotheca globose, spines of the spores seem less marked. 0.4–0.7 mm in diameter. Peridium membranous, grayish brown (62. d. gy. Br), partially evanescent, remaining Diderma subdictyospermum (Rostaf.) E. Sheld. in the lower 1/4 to 1/2 of the sporotheca as a calyculus, in Figure 2C the rest as an irregular net with flat, widened irregular New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: nodes; lime globules ca 1 µm in diameter concentrated Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.169°S, 071.591°W, in the nodes of the net and in the calyculus as radiating lines. Spores free, orange yellow (67. brill. O Y) in mass, 2543 m alt.), 30 May 2018, on leaf of Rhynchospora yellowish white (92. y White) by TL, globose, 6–7.5 µm sp. and bryophyte, I. Treviño & S. Huamaní, Myx-415 in diameter, minutely warted. (HSP, MA-Fungi 91789). Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.177°S, 071.581°W, 2711 m alt.), 29 May 2018, on Notes. This species has a large distribution in the north- frond of fern, I. Treviño & S. Huamaní, Myx-393 (HSP, ern hemisphere and can also be rarely found in New Zea- MA-Fungi 91782). land and Australia (Mitchell 1995; Stephenson 2003). In the Neotropics, it was previously reported from Mexico, Identification. Sporocarps aggregated, sessile. Hypo- Costa Rica, Brazil, and Argentina. This species is char- thallus calcareous, common to a group of sporocarps, acterized by a net with flat, widened irregular nodes. effuse, opaque. Sporotheca subglobose, 0.4–0.8 mm in Another closely similar species is C. oregana H.C. Gil- diameter, yellowish white (92. y White). Peridium dou- bert, but these two species differ in the diameter of their ble, the layers well differentiated, the outer layer calcar- spores (6–7.5 µm in C. vulgaris vs 8–9.5 µm in C. ore- eous, eggshell-like, yellowish white (92. y White), the gana) and the ornamentation of their calyculus (marked inner layer membranous, light gray (264. l. Gray), dehis- with longitudinal fold with granules in C. vulgaris vsab- cence irregular. Columella, globose, 0.2 mm in diameter, sent in C. oregana). yellowish white (92. y White). Capillitium arising from 258 Check List 16 (2) the columella, thread-like, 2–2.5 µm in diameter, spar- µm long, 10–15 µm wide, hollow, dark reddish brown ingly branched, anastomosing near the peridium, brown (44. d r Br), turning strong yellowish brown (74. s y Br) (58. m. Br) by TL. Spores free, dark brown (62. d. gy. at the base. Sporotheca globose, 140–230 µm in diam- Br) in mass, light brown (57. l. Br) by TL, 12.5–14 µm in eter, grayish brown (61. gy. Br). Peridium evanescent diameter, subreticulate. but leaving a small collar at the base of the sporotheca. Columella cylindrical, 120–200 µm long, 6–7 µm in Notes. A rare species, only recorded from India, Sri diameter, narrowed toward the apex. Capillitium arising Lanka, Java, Taiwan, Japan, Kenya, and South Africa from the columella, scanty, filiform, 1–2 µm in diame- (Yamamoto et al. 2006; Ndiritu et al. 2009; Poulain et ter, branched, slightly flexuous, with acute ends, pinkish al 2011). In the Neotropics, this species was previously gray (10. pk Gray) by TL. Spores free, grayish brown (61. only reported from Mexico and Venezuela. This species gy Br) in mass, brownish pink (33. br Pink) by TL, glo- looks like Diderma spumarioides (Fr. & Palmquist) Fr., bose, 8–9 µm in diameter, with few evenly distributed but it differs in the ornamentation of the spores, which but well-marked spines. are warted in D. spumarioides and subreticulate in D. subdictyospermum. Notes. No species of Macbrideola has been reported previously from Peru. M. spinosispora, which was Didymium minus (Lister) Morgan only known from the type material from Costa Rica, is recorded for the first time from South America. There- New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: fore, this new record considerably expands this species’ Wayqecha Biological Station (Canopy trail), (13.193°S, distribution . This species is characterized by its small 071.589°W 2944 m alt.), 31 Jan. 2018, leaf litter, I. Trev- size, the colour of the sporotheca, the hollow stalk with a iño & J. Muñuico, Myx-278b (HSP). yellowish brown base that contrasts with the rest, which Identification. Sporocarps scattered or grouped, is very dark brown, the scanty capillitium, and espe- stalked, 0.6–1.1 mm in total height. Hypothallus mem- cially the spiny spores (Walker et al. 2014). The Peruvian branous, individual, discoid, opaque. Stalk, cylindrical, specimens correspond well with the original description, erect, longitudinally grooved, 0.4–0.6 mm long, 0.1– except in the colour of the sporotheca, which is gray- 0.12 mm wide, black (267. Black). Sporotheca subglo- ish-brown in our specimen but violaceous in the original bose to hemispherical, 0.5–0.6 × × 0.3–0.5 mm, white description. The Peruvian specimen was obtained from (263. White). Peridium single, membranous, thin, frag- leaf litter cultured in a moist chamber, which is the same ile, brown but with pale bands, areolate, covered with substrate as the original type material. We suggest that stellate lime crystals, dehiscence irregular. Columella, this species may be foliicolous and adapted to tropical subglobose, grayish brow (62. d. gy. Br), occupying areas. about 1/3 of the sporotheca. Capillitium arising from the Metatrichia floriformis (Schwein.) Nann.-Bremek. columella, thread-like, 1–2 µm in diameter, scarcely branched, grayish brown (45. l. gy r Br) by TL. Spores New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: free, brown (64. br. Gray) in mass, light grayish brown Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.177°S, 071.602°W, (45. l. gy r Br) by TL, globose, 10–12.5 µm in diameter, 2765 m alt.), 31 May 2018, on bark of dead tree, I. Treviño warted and with groups of darker warts. & S. Huamaní, Myx-462 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91795). Way- qecha Biological Station, (13.176°S, 071.584°W, 2868 m Notes. This species is distributed worldwide, but it has alt.), 02 June 2018, on bark of dead tree, I. Treviño & S. not previously been reported from Peru. It closely resem- Huamaní, Myx-561 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91808). bles Didymium nigripes (Link) Fr. but differs in the more narrowly umbilicate sporotheca, with longer stipes which Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 2.5–3.2 are greater than 1 mm long, and the presence of darker mm in total height. Hypothallus membranous, common thickenings in the threads of the capillitium (Farr 1976). to a group of sporocarps, effuse, opaque. Stalk cylindrical sometimes compressed laterally, longitudinally grooved, Macbrideola spinosispora L.M. Walker, G. Moreno & 1.6–2.1 mm long, 0.08–0.2 mm wide, dark brown (59. S.L. Stephenson d. Br) toward the apex, yellowish brown (74. s. y Br) to Figures 3A–C orange-yellow (71. m. O Y) at the base. Sporotheca subglobose to obovate, 0.7–1.3 mm in diameter, black (267. New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: Black) to dark grayish brown (47. d. gy. r Br). Peridium Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.176°S, 071.582°W, double, the two layer appressed, the outer layer thick, 2705 m alt.), 28 Jan. 2018, moist chamber culture pH = coriaceous, persistent, the inner layer thin, membranous, 5.97, 14 Dec. 2019, leaf litter, I. Treviño Myx-627 (HSP, dehiscence irregular at the upper part or slightly petal- MA-Fungi 90495). oid. Capillitium tubular, elateriform, 5–6 µm in diam- Identification. Sporocarps scattered, stalked, 350–450 eter, flexuous, elastic, occasionally branched, with acute µm in total height. Hypothallus membranous, individ- free ends of 25–37.5 µm long, yellow (83. brill. Y) by ual, discoid, shiny. Stalk, cylindrical, erect, 200–250 TL, ornamented with 4 or 5 spiral bands. Spores free, Treviño-Zevallos and Lado | New records of Myxomycetes from Peru 259

Figure 3. A–C. Macbrideola spinosispora, IT-Myx-627 (HSP, MA-Fungi 90495): (A) stalked sporocarp; (B) sporocarp by transmitted light (TL), showing the pale base of the stalk and the scanty capillitium; (C) spiny spores by TL. D, E. Physarum sessile, IT-Myx-514 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91804): (D) plasmodiocarps and sporocarps; (E) spores by TL. F, G. Tubifera ferruginosa, IT-Myx-353 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91775): (F) sporocarps aggregated in a pseudoaethalioid fructification; G( ) spores by TL. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; B = 20 µm; C, E, G = 10 µm; D = 1 mm; F = 2 mm brilliant yellow (83. brill. Y) in mass, light yellow (86. l. ex G.W. Martin & Alexop., but it differs in that the spo- Y) by TL, 10–12.5 µm in diameter, warted. rocarps that are not crowded, the darker is peridium, and Notes. This species, which is distributed worldwide, has the elaters are devoid of spines and with longer acute free not previously been reported from Peru. Metatrichia flo- ends (25–37.5 µm long in M. floriformis vs. 15–20 µm riformis resembles M. vesparia (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. long in M. vesparia). 260 Check List 16 (2)

Physarum brunneolum (W. Phillips) Massee which is a continuation of the stalk, not calcareous, and almost reaches the apex of the sporotheca. It is also rec- New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: ognized by the profuse but delicate capillitium, with few Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.178°S, 071.581°W, and small lime nodes. 2719 m alt.), 29 May 2018, on bryophyte, I. Treviño & S. Huamaní, Myx-400 (HSP). Physarum robustum (Lister) Nann.-Bremek. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 0.8–1.2 Identification. New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: mm in total height. Hypothallus inconspicuous. Stalk Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.176°S, 071.582°W, cylindrical, erect, longitudinally grooved, 0.2–0.5 mm 2705 m alt.), 28 Jan. 2018, on bryophyte, I. Treviño & J. long, 0.1–0.15 mm wide, orange yellow (67. brill. O Y). Muñuico, Myx-130 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91753). Sporotheca subglobose, 0.5–0.9 mm in diameter, orange- yellow (67. brill. O Y) turning yellowish brown (74. s. y Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 1–1.5 mm Br) at the apex. Peridium triple, thick, with the layers in total height. Hypothallus membranous, common to a closely appressed, the outer layer coriaceous, orange yel- group of sporocarps, effuse, opaque. Stalk cylindrical, low (67. brill. O Y), the middle layer calcareous, white erect, longitudinally grooved, 0.6–0.8 mm long, 0.07– (263. White), the inner layer membranous, colourless, 0.11 mm wide, narrow toward apex, pale yellow (89. p. dehiscence irregular. Capillitium netted, with irregular Y), darker below by absorbed dirt particles. Sporotheca lime nodes, pale yellow (89. p. Y), connected by colour- globose, 0.4–0.8 mm in diameter. Peridium membranous, less tubules of 1.5 µm wide. Spores free, brownish black single, impregnated with lime, white (263. White), thin, (65. br Black) in mass, light brown (57. l. Br) by TL, glo- fragile, dehiscence irregular somewhat petaloid. Pseudo- bose, 12–12.5 µm in diameter, warted. columella present, formed by aggregation of lime nodes of the capillitium, as a flat basal thickening, whitish (92. Notes. This species is known from Europe, USA, Aus- y. White). Capillitium netted, radiating, with oblong to tralia, and Japan (Mitchell 1995; Poulain et al. 2011). fusiform lime nodes, white (263. White), coalescent into In the Neotropics, it has been previously reported from Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Chile. This species pseudocolumella, connected by colourless tubules of 2 is characterized by the orange to brownish sporotheca, µm in diameter. Spores free, dark brown (47. d. gy. r Br) by the thick, triple peridium, with a white, calcareous in mass, grayish brown (45. l. gy. r Br) by TL, globose, middle layer, and by the strongly calcareous capillitium 10.5–13 µm in diameter, warted. (Farr 1976). Notes. This species is distributed worldwide but not previously reported from Peru. In the Neotropics, this Physarum penetrale Rex species has only been reported from Mexico and Argen- New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: tina. Our specimen resembles P. leucophaeum Fr. & Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.169°S, 071.591°W, Palmquist and P. leucopus Link, but it is distinguished 2543 m alt.), 30 May 2018, leaf litter, I. Treviño & S. by the presence of a pseudocolumella in the center of the Huamaní, Myx-419 (HSP). sporotheca combined with the dense capillitium radiating from there (see Nannenga-Bremekamp 1991). Phy- Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 1–1.8 mm sarum leucopus can be also distinguished by the white in total height. Hypothallus membranous, individual, stalk filled with lime (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1973). shiny. Stalk cylindrical, erect, 0.5–1.4 mm long, slender, 0.03–0.05 mm wide, yellow (83. brill. Y). Sporotheca Physarum sessile Brândza subglobose to ellipsoid, 0.6–0.7 × 0.45–0.6 mm, grayish Figures 3 D, E (264. l. Gray). Peridium single, membranous, covered by white calcareous granules, fragile, dehiscence irregular. New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: Columella cylindrical, almost reaching the apex of the Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.172°S, 071.596°W, sporotheca, 0.4–0.5 mm long, 0.03–0.04 mm in diame- 2662 m alt.), 1 June 2018, leaf litter, I. Treviño & S. Hua- ter, yellow (83. brill. Y). Capillitium netted, arising from maní, Myx-514 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91804). the columella, with irregular small lime nodes, white Identification. Sporocarps to plasmodiocarps, grouped, (263. White), connected by colourless tubules of 1.5–2.5 sessile. Hypothallus inconspicuous. Sporotheca subglo- µm in diameter. Spores free, dark brown (62. d. gy. Br) bose, 0.4–0.6 mm in diameter in the sporocarps, 1.5–6 in mass, light brown (79. l. gy. Br) by TL, globose, 6–7.5 × 0.4–0.6 × 0.4–0.6 mm in plasmodiocarps, white (263. µm in diameter, warted with groups of darker warts. White). Peridium membranous, single, frosted by white Notes. This species has a worldwide distribution but was lime granules, thin, fragile, tuberculate at the inner face, not previously reported from Peru. In the Neotropics, dehiscence irregular. Capillitium netted, with white (263. this species has been reported from Mexico, Panama, White), polygonal lime nodes, connected by colourless Jamaica, the Windward Islands, Venezuela, French Guy- tubules of 1–2 µm wide. Spores free, dark brown (62. d. ana, Brazil, and Chile. This species is recognized by gy Br) in mass, brownish (79. l. gy. y. Br) by TL, subglo- the presence of a well-developed cylindrical columella, bose, 7.5–9 µm in diameter, minutely warted. Treviño-Zevallos and Lado | New records of Myxomycetes from Peru 261

Notes. This species is known from Europe, Japan, USA, effuse, shiny. Stalk cylindrical, erect, 0.4–0.7 mm long, Morocco, Mozambique, and Angola (Ndiritu et al. 2009; 0.1–0.2 mm wide, brown (58. m. Br), filled with cysts of GBIF 2020). In the Neotropics, it was previously reported 15–17 µm in diameter. Sporotheca subglobose to ovoid, only from Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. This species 0.6–1.2 × 0.7–1.1 mm. Peridium membranous, partially has been rarely collected from tropical forests. Appar- evanescent, remaining at the base as a calyculous, with ently it is widely distributed in the mountains of Molda- a smooth revolute margin, orange-brown (72. d. O Y) via (Romania), from where it was described. According to olive-brown (94. l. Ol Br), dehiscence irregular. Cap- to Farr (1976), the characters to identify this species are illitium an elastic network of threads arising from the a white to greenish or bluish gray sporangia and plasmo- base of the sporotheca, threads of 6–7.5 µm in diameter, diocarps (these shades are not observed in our material), yellow (83. brill. Y) by TL, flexuous, scarcely branched, a fragile single peridium, a persistent capillitium with with acute free ends of 75–100 µm long, ornamented rounded or polygonal lime nodes of 15–25 µm in diam- with 4 or 5 spiral bands. Spores free, yellow (83. brill. Y) eter, and light brown spores of 6–8 µm in diameter. The in mass, light yellow (86. l. Y) by TL, globose, 10–11 µm spores, in our collection, are slightly bigger. in diameter, delicately subreticulate. Stemonitis pallida Wingate Notes. This species is widely distributed, including in New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: the Neotropics, but has not previously been reported Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.175°S, 071.599°W, from Peru. This species is distinguished from other spe- 2734 m alt.), 31 May 2018, decomposed on bark of a cies by the presence of a stalk filled with cysts, the long dead tree, I. Treviño & S. Huamaní, Myx-501 (HSP, MA- attenuate ends of the threads, and the spores ornamented Fungi 91801). with a delicate subreticulum.

Identification. Sporocarps grouped, stalked, 2.2–2.7 Trichia verrucosa Berk. mm in total height. Hypothallus membranous, usually common to a group of sporocarps, discoid to effuse, New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: shiny. Stalk cylindrical, 0.5–0.6 mm long, 0.04–0.05 Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.177°S, 071.581°W, 2712 mm wide, black (267. Black). Sporotheca subcylindrical, m alt.), 29 May 2018, on bark of dead tree, I. Treviño & S. 1.7–2.1 × 0.35–0.55 mm, grayish brown (60. l. gy. Br). Huamaní, Myx-391 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91781). Wayqecha Columella cylindrical but slightly attenuate toward the Biological Station, (13.1746°S, 71.599°W, 2690 m alt.), 31 apex, 1.7–2.1 mm long, 0.03–0.04 mm in diameter, black May 2018, on bark of dead tree and bryophyte, I. Treviño (267. Black), reaching the apex of the sporotheca. Capil- & S. Huamaní, Myx-508 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91803). litium netted arising from the columella, threads 2–5 µm Identification. Sporocarps aggregated, stalked, usually in diameter, branched and anastomosed, flexuous, brown several sporocarps united by the stalks, 1.6–2.6 mm in (57. l. Br-58. m. Br) by TL. Spores free, grayish brown total height. Hypothallus membranous, common to a (60. l. gy. Br) in mass, light brown (57. l. Br) by TL, glo- group of sporocarps, effuse, opaque. Stalk weak, flat- bose, 6–7.5 µm in diameter, minutely warted. tened, longitudinally grooved, 0.8–1.2 mm long, 0.1–0.15 Notes. Widely distributed but not previously reported mm wide, yellow (86. l. Y). Sporotheca obovoid, 0.8–1.4 from Peru. This species resembles S. flavogenita E. Jahn × 0.5–1 mm, yellow (83. brill. Y) to orange yellow (72. from which differ in the size of the spores (6–7.5 µm in d. O Y). Peridium membranous, single, partially evanes- Stemonitis pallida vs 7–9 µm in S. flavogenita) and the cent, remaining at the basal part as a calyculous, thin, absence of membranous expansions in the apex of the fragile, the inner side papillate, dehiscence irregular. columella. Capillitium an elastic network of threads arising from the base of the sporotheca, threads of 5–7 µm in diame- Trichia decipiens (Pers.) T. Macbr. ter, yellow (86. l. Y) by TL, flexuous, scarcely branched, New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: with acute free ends of 10–12.5 µm long, ornamented Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.173°S, 071.594°W, with 4 or 5 spiral bands. Spores free, yellow (83. brill. Y) 2821 m alt.), 1 June 2018, on bark of dead tree, I. Trev- in mass, light yellow (86. l. Y) by TL, globose, 11–12.5 iño & S. Huamaní, Myx-521 (HSP). Wayqecha Biologi- µm in diameter, reticulate. cal Station (Perdiz trail), (13.1765°S, 071.585°W, 2884 m Notes. This species is distributed worldwide distributed alt.), 28 Jan. 2018, leaf of Puya membranacea, I. Treviño but has not previously been reported from Peru. In the & J. Muñuico, Myx-156 (HSP). Wayqecha Biological Sta- Neotropics, it was reported from Mexico, Costa Rica, tion, (13.179°S, 071.582°W, 2748 m alt.), 29 May 2018, Cuba, Jamaica, Windward Islands, Colombia, Brazil, on bark of dead tree, I. Treviño & S. Huamaní, Myx-406 Chile, and Argentina. Trichia verrucosa is the only stipi- (HSP, MA-Fungi 91786). tate species in genus Trichia that has coarsely reticulate Identification.Sporocarps scattered or grouped, stalked, spores. By the ornamentation of the spores it resembles 1–1.9 mm in total height. Hypothallus membranous, indi- T. favoginea (Batsch) Pers., but differs by the long stalks vidual or common to a group of sporocarps, discoid to and the sporocarps often clustered on a united stalk. 262 Check List 16 (2)

Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) J.F. Gmel. Peru and show how poorly studied Peru was for these Figures 3 F–G microorganisms. Unfortunately, collections of Myxomy- cetes in local herbaria do not exist, and the lack of spe- New record. PERU: Cusco, Paucartambo. Kosñipata: cialists in the country, the scanty funding sources, and Wayqecha Biological Station, (13.179°S, 071.582°W, the low interest of the local scientific community, do not 2769 m alt.), 2 Feb. 2018, on bark of dead tree, I. Treviño facilitate a better knowledge of the group. & J. Muñuico, Myx-353 (HSP, MA-Fungi 91775). Nevertheless, during the last decade, four species Identification. Sporocarps densely aggregated in a new to science have been described in the framework pseudoaethalium, sessile, spreading over 0.5–0.9 cm. of the Myxotropic project (http://www.myxotropic.org/), Hypothallus membranous, common to a group of spo- Didymium peruvianum Lado, D. Wrigley & S.L. Ste- rocarps, effuse, opaque. Sporotheca subcylindrical, 5–7 phenson, Didymium xerophylum Lado, Estrada & D. × 0.9–1.2 mm, yellowish brown (77. m. y Br). Peridium Wrigley, Licea aurea D. Wrigley, Lado & Estrada, and membranous, single, thin, fragile, dehiscing at the apex Cribraria spinispora Lado & D. Wrigley. Moreover, 120 by a lid or irregularly. Capillitium absent. Spores free, new records have been reported in the Peruvian terri- yellowish brown (76. l y Br) in mass, pale yellow (89. tory; the studies of Wrigley de Basanta et al. (2015, 2019) p. Y) by TL, globose, 6–7 µm in diameter, almost com- and Lado et al. (2016, 2019) in arid zones and Andean pletely reticulated. environments of the country, are the major contributors to this increased knowledge. Taking into account that Notes. This species is distributed worldwide but has not over 50% of Peruvian territory is covered with rainforest previously been reported from Peru. In the Neotropics, (Amazonian territory) and considering that Myxomyce- it has been reported from Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, tes grow probably better under humid environments, it Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, the Leeward can be expected that a larger diversity will be uncover and Windward islands, French Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, when expanding the surveys to the whole territory. Chil,e and Argentina. This species is characterized by a The data provided in this paper represent the first set large pseudoaethalium formed by sessile and cylindrical of information of the Myxomycetes in the montane for- sporocarps on a spongy hypothallus (Nannenga-Breme- ests of Peru. This is an environment virtually that has kamp 1991). It differs from other species with sessile been unexplored in this country until now, with only two sporocarps as Tubifera casparyi (Rostaf.) T. Macbr. and species, Perichaena depressa Lib. and Didymium iridis, Tubifera dictyoderma Nann.-Bremek. & Loer. by the reported by Rojas et al. (2011) and Rojas and Stephenson absence of a well-developed filamentous columella, and (2013) from the same area as in our study (Wayqecha from Tubifera applanata (Leontyev & Fefelov) Leon- Biological Station). These works were focused mostly on tyev & Fefelov by the apex of the sporotheca conical or southwestern Peru, more specifically the Madre de Dios hemispherical in T. ferruginosa vs flat and angular in T. tropical forest, which leaves montane forests practically applanata. unsurveyed. In this paper only records of newly recorded species Discussion for Peru were considered. In total, we recorded 81 species of Myxomycetes from WBS (Treviño, unpubl. data) Knowledge of the Myxomycetes in the Neotropics is still including 19 new records. These results are in line with fragmentary, as the sampling effort undertaken has not those obtained by Schnittler et al. (2002) in the montane been homogeneous. The unique monograph on this bio- forest of the Maquipucuna Reserve in Ecuador where geographical region has been published almost 50 year 77 species were inventoried. This suggests the potential ago by Farr (1976). Despite the efforts made in recent richness in species of the Peruvian montane forests and years by Bezerra et al. (2014), Lado et al. (2017, 2018), the need to make more efforts towards the study of this and Rojas et al. (2018) in some Neotropical countries, environment, which could provide a significant contribu- the study of this group of microorganisms is still scanty, tion to the myxomycete diversity of the country. compared to elsewhere, like Europe or North Amer- The fact that two genera, Macbrideola and Tubifera, ica. According to Lado and Wrigley de Basanta (2008), are reported for the first time for Peru is of particular Neotropical countries with large territories and rich interest. The distribution of Macbrideola spinosispora is and varied vegetation and environments, such as Peru, expanded considerably by this first record from South Colombia, and Bolivia have few records of Myxomy- America. The type specimen was found in Guanacaste cetes but enormous areas remain unexplored. The five province, Costa Rica, in a tropical dry forest (Rojas et al. countries with the highest number of myxomycete spe- 2018), which has a considerably different climate from cies recorded in the Neotropics are Mexico (323 spp.), the tropical montane forests of our study. This demon- Brazil (206 spp.), Argentina (160 spp.), Costa Rica (143 strates a rather wide ecological tolerance for this spe- spp.), and Ecuador (136 spp.). For Peru, in 2008, only 31 cies, and it therefore suggests a wider distribution in the species were recorded (Lado 2008). Countries such as Neotropics. The apparently disjunct distribution of this Ecuador and Costa Rica, which have smaller areas, pos- species may well be an artifact of it being inconspicuous. sess a known myxobiotas that are four times larger than Its small size (less than 0.4 mm in total height) may be Treviño-Zevallos and Lado | New records of Myxomycetes from Peru 263 the reason why it has remained overlooked. Indeed, it is Station for the facilities provided during our fieldwork. extremely difficult to observe it in the field, and it can be We also thank Diana Wrigley de Basanta and Enrique only reliably detected using a moist chamber and obser- Lara for linguistic revision of the text and Carlos de Mier vation with a dissecting microscope. for his help with the images and micrographs. Tubifera ferruginosa, in contrast, is a species widely distributed in the Neotropics, documented in countries Authors’ Contributions neighboring Peru, such as Brazil, Ecuador, and Chile, but has not been reported from Peru before now. Accord- IT collected and identified part of the material, wrote the ing to Farr (1976), this is a cosmopolitan species, and manuscript draft, and made all the descriptions and illus- its distribution is not only restricted to montane for- trations. CL identified part of the material, co-wrote the ests, but also encompasses the lowlands of the Amazon draft manuscript, and provided the laboratory compo- and other habitats. The relatively limited sampled effort nent of the project. undertaken in tropical forests of Peru could be the reason why this species has not been previously reported in References this country. Some other rare species reported in this paper, such Arambarri AM (1973) Myxomycetes de Tierra del Fuego I. Especies nuevas y críticas del género Diderma (Didymiaceae). Boletín de as Comatricha alta and Diderma fragile, might have la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 15: 175–182. a wider distribution. These species occur in Europe as Bezerra ACC, Lima VXL, Tenorio JC, Cavalcanti LH (2014) Myxo- well as in southern South America, and our data consti- mycetes from the state of Alagoas (Brazil) and notes on its distri- tute one of the few records of these species in the Neo- bution. Biotemas 27: 13–22. tropics. Their distribution in Peru is probably not limited Farr M (1976) The Myxomycetes. Flora Neotropica 16. The New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA. 304 pp. to the montane forests, but a more detailed study of the GBIF (2020) GBIF home page. https://www.gbif.org. Accessed on territory and a larger number of collections are neces- 2020-01-18. sary to document their distribution more precisely. It Ing B (1999) The myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland. Richmond Pub- could be expected that these two species could be more lishing, Slough, UK, 374 pp. abundant above 3000 m a.s.l., and on the eastern side of Kelly KL (1965) ISCC-NBS Colour-name charts illustrated with cen- the Andean mountain range, as they were not recorded troid colors. Inter-Society Colors Council. National Bureau of Standards, Circular 553 (Supplement). US Government Printing in the extensive studies of Lado et al. (2016, 2019) who Office, Washington, DC, 44 pp. conducted fieldwork at lower altitudes and on the west- Kirk P, Cannon P, Minter D, Stalpers J (2011) Dictionary of the Fungi. ern slopes of the Andes. CABI International. Oxon, UK, 748 pp. In general, the morphology of the species shown in Lado C, Pando F (1997) Myxomycetes, I. Ceratiomyxales, Echinoste- this paper corresponds well with the descriptions given liales, Liceales, Trichiales. Flora Mycologica Iberica. (2):1–323. Lado C (2005–2019) An online nomenclatural information system of in the literature for specimens from other countries or Eumycetozoa. Real Jardín Botanico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. http:// even continents. However, some species show variation www.nomen.eumycetozoa.com. Accessed on 2019-07-20. in the colour or size of the fruiting bodies. Our speci- Lado C, Wrigley de Basanta D (2008) A review of Neotropical Myxo- mens of Craterium minutum, for example, lack a pseu- mycetes (1828–2008). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 65 docolumella, which is a feature usually common in this (2): 211–254. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.293 species and mentioned in almost all monographs. This Lado C, Wrigley de Basanta D, Estrada-Torres A, Stephenson SL (2013) The biodiversity of myxomycetes in central Chile. Fun- might suggest the presence of a Peruvian morphotype, or gal Diversity 59: 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0159-8 it might be the result of micro-environmental conditions Lado C, Wrigley de Basanta D, Estrada-Torres A, Stephenson SL associated with the substrate on which these specimens (2016) Myxomycete diversity in the coastal desert of Peru with developed. emphasis on the lomas formations. Anales del Jardín Botánico de With the 19 species recorded in this article, the myxo- Madrid 73 (1): e032. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2436 Lado C, Estrada-Torres A, Wrigley de Basanta D, Schnittler M, Ste- biota of Peru is increased to 174 species, which ranks phenson SL (2017) A rapid biodiversity assessment of myxomy- Peru among the five countries with the most diversity of cetes from a primary tropical moist forest of the Amazon basin Myxomycetes of the Neotropics. in Ecuador. Nova Hedwigia 104 (1–3): 293–321. https://doi.org/ 10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2016/0372 Lado C, Estrada-Torres A, Rojas C (2018) New records of genera Acknowledgements and species of Myxomycetes (Amoebozoa) from the Neotropics. Check List 14 (3): 509 –518. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.3.509 We thank the Association for the Conservation of the Lado C, Wrigley de Basanta D, Estrada-Torres A, Stephenson SL, Amazon Basin (ACCA), Michael Owen Dillon Scientific Treviño-Zevallos I (2019) Diversity of Myxomycetes in arid zones Institute (IMOD), the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid of Peru part II: the cactus belt and transition zones. Anales del (CSIC), and the Government of Spain (Myxotropic Proj- Jardín Botánico de Madrid 76 (2): e083. https://doi.org/10.3989/ ect, CGL2014-52584P, PGC2018-094660-B-I00) for ajbm.2520 funding the fieldwork, for the use of equipment of sci- Martin GW, Alexopoulos CJ (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, 561 pp. entific research, and for the laboratory infrastructure. Medina C, Zeballos H, López E (2012) Diversidad de mamíferos en We are also grateful for the assistance of John Muñuico, los bosques montanos del valle de Kosñipata, Cusco, Perú. Mas- Susan Huamaní, and the staff of the Wayqecha Biological tozoología Neotropical 19 (1): 85–104. 264 Check List 16 (2)

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