Lon-Dependent Proteolysis of Ffh, the Protein Component of the Signal Recognition Particle in Escherichia Coli

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Lon-Dependent Proteolysis of Ffh, the Protein Component of the Signal Recognition Particle in Escherichia Coli Lon-dependent proteolysis of Ffh, the protein component of the signal recognition particle in Escherichia coli Dissertation to obtain the degree Doctor Rerum Naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) at the Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum International Graduate School of Biosciences Ruhr University Bochum Chair for Microbial Biology submitted by Beate Sauerbrei from Naumburg, Germany Bochum August, 2019 First supervisor: Prof. Dr. Franz Narberhaus Second supervisor: Prof. Dr. Danja Schünemann Lon-abhängige Proteolyse von Ffh, die Proteinkomponente des Signalerkennungspartikels in Escherichia coli Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften der Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Ruhr-Universität Bochum Internationale Graduiertenschule Biowissenschaften Ruhr-Universität Bochum LS Biologie der Mikroorganismen vorgelegt von Beate Sauerbrei aus Naumburg Bochum August, 2019 Referent: Prof. Dr. Franz Narberhaus Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Danja Schünemann Danksagung Ich bedanke mich herzlichst bei meinem Doktorvater Prof. Dr. Franz Narberhaus für die Ermöglichung dieser Doktorarbeit an seinem Lehrstuhl. Besonders möchte ich mich dafür bedanken, dass ich an dem interessanten Thema meiner Masterarbeit weiterarbeiten durfte. Zu dem bedanke ich für die Unterstützung und die konstruktiven Diskussion die zum Erfolg dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben. Bei Frau Prof. Dr. Danja Schünemann bedanke ich mich für die freundliche Übernahme des Korreferats und das stetige Interesse an dem Thema meiner Arbeit. Insbesondere möchte ich mich für die bereichernde Diskussion während der gesamten Arbeit bedanken. Außerdem bedanke ich mich für die Bereitstellung der cpSRP54-Konstrukte, die einen bedeutenden Teil zu dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben. Ein ganz besonderer Dank geht an alle ehemaligen und jetzigen Mitarbeiter der Arbeitsgruppe für „Reguliert Proteolyse“. Dazu gehören Lisa-Marie Bittner, Jan Arends, Blanka Kutscher, Fabian Müller, Alexander Kraus, Simon Brückner und Anna-Maria Möller. Ein ganz großer Dank geht an Fabian Müller und Alexander Kraus für eine bereichernde Zusammenarbeit, den hilfreichen Diskussionen, dem Spaß im Labor und Büro und den unterhaltsamen Stunden während unserer Mittagspausen. Für die engagierte Mitarbeit an diesem Thema möchte ich bei meinen Studenten Fitore Morina, Simon Brückner und Hendrik Strotmeier danken. Bei dem gesamten Lehrstuhl Biologie der Mikroorganismen möchte ich mich für eine angenehme Arbeitsatmosphäre bedanken. Ich möchte mich bei Dr. Bernd Masepohl für wertvolle Tipps und Diskussion aller Art bedanken. Ein besonders Dank gilt Petra Krämer für die Unterstützung in organisatorischen Fragen und Hanno Böddinghaus für die Unterstützung im IT-Bereich. Auch möchte ich mich von ganzem Herzen bei meinen Freunden bedanken. Ein ganz großer Dank gebührt dabei Kerstin und Lisa die neben dem Studium und der Doktorarbeit immer für mich da waren und mein Leben neben der Uni sehr bereichert haben. Ein ganz persönlicher Dank geht an meinen Eltern Gaby und Volker für Ihre großartige Unterstützung während meines gesamten Studiums und ohne die das alles nicht möglich geworden wäre. Ich möchte einfach nur DANKE sagen! Ein ganz besonderer Dank geht an meine Schwester Ellen für die andauernde Unterstützung in allen Lebenslagen und die zahlreichen Kurztrips, die wir während der gesamten Zeit unternommen haben. Table of contents Table of contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. I List of figures .......................................................................................................................... IV List of tables ............................................................................................................................. V A Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1. Regulated proteolysis by AAA+ proteases ......................................................................... 2 2. Structure and function of the Lon protease ........................................................................ 3 2.1 Structure of the Lon proteases................................................................................ 3 2.2 Substrate recognition by the Lon protease ............................................................. 6 2.3 Biological relevance of the Lon protease ............................................................... 8 2.3.1 Involvement of the Lon protease in various stress responses .................... 8 2.3.2 Lon protease in motility and biofilm formation ...................................... 10 2.3.3 Lon proteolysis in cell cycle, TA systems and persister cell formation .. 11 2.3.4 Lon involvement in biosynthetic pathways and metal homoeostasis ...... 12 2.3.5 Lon in protein quality control .................................................................. 13 3. Principles of protein targeting in bacteria ........................................................................ 14 3.1 Post-translational protein targeting (Tat and Sec pathway) ................................. 14 3.2 Co-translational protein targeting (SRP pathway) ............................................... 16 4. The universally conserved signal recognition particle ..................................................... 18 4.1 SRP complex in different species ........................................................................ 18 4.2 Structure of the minimal SRP complex and its receptor ...................................... 20 4.3 Structur and function of the chloroplast SRP complex in higher plants .............. 22 5. Objectives of this work..................................................................................................... 26 B Materials and methods ....................................................................................................... 27 1. Materials ........................................................................................................................... 28 1.1 Bacterial strains .................................................................................................... 28 1.2 Plasmids ............................................................................................................... 28 1.3 Oligonucleotides .................................................................................................. 30 1.3 Laboratory equipment .......................................................................................... 31 1.4 Chemicals ............................................................................................................. 32 1.5 Enzymes ............................................................................................................... 34 1.6 Kits ....................................................................................................................... 34 A Table of contents 1.7 Antibodies ............................................................................................................ 35 1.8 Media and media supplements ............................................................................. 35 2. Software............................................................................................................................ 36 3. Methods ............................................................................................................................ 36 3.1 Microbiological methods ..................................................................................... 36 3.1.1 E. coli cell culture .................................................................................... 36 3.1.2 Determination of bacteria count .............................................................. 36 3.1.3 Preparation of competent E. coli cells ..................................................... 36 3.1.4 Transformation of E. coli ......................................................................... 37 3.1.5 Transformation efficiency ....................................................................... 37 3.1.6 Microscopy studies .................................................................................. 38 3.2 Molecular biological methods .............................................................................. 38 3.2.1 Polymerase chain reaction ....................................................................... 38 3.2.2 DNA restriction ....................................................................................... 39 3.2.3 DNA ligation ........................................................................................... 39 3.2.4 Preparation of plasmid DNA from E. coli ............................................... 40 3.2.5 Plasmid preparation from E. coli by commercial kits ............................. 41 3.2.6 Agarose gel electrophoresis ..................................................................... 41 3.2.7 Extraction of DNA fragments from agarose gel ...................................... 41 3.2.8 Cloning strategies .................................................................................... 42 3.2.8.1 Cloning by restriction and ligation .............................................. 42 3.2.8.2 Site-directed mutagenesis ............................................................ 42 3.2.9 DNA Sequencing ....................................................................................
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