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Home , Diapensia, Diospyros virginiana, Eupatorium album, Euphorbia lathyris, Fatoua, Fatoua villosa

Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 133(4), 2006, pp. 648–659

Noteworthy reported from the Torrey Range— 2004 and 2005 Eric E. Lamont1 Local Flora Committee, Torrey Botanical Society, The Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 Stephen M. Young2 New York Natural Heritage Program, 625 Broadway, Albany, New York 12233

LAMONT, E. E. (Local Flora Committee, Torrey Botanical Society, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458) AND S. M. YOUNG (New York Natural Heritage Program, 625 Broadway, Albany, New York 12233). Noteworthy plants reported from the Torrey Range—2004 and 2005. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133: 648–659. 2006.—Twenty five noteworthy of vascular plants are reported from the Torrey Range, encompassing southeastern New York, northern , and southwestern : Anagallis minima, Asclepias purpurascens, virginiana, album var. subvenosum, lathyris, villosa, Froelichia gracilis, debilis, Lemna valdiviana, Ludwigia peploides subsp. glabrescens, palmatum, Myriophyllum spicatum, violacea, Polygonum perfoliatum, Pycnanthemum torrei, Pyrus calleryana, barbulata, hastatulus, vernalis, Thlaspi alliaceum, Trapa natans, setaceum, juncea, Utricularia radiata, and lathyroides. Key words: biodiversity, distribution, floristics, invasive plants, rare plants, Torrey Range.

This report is the fifth in a continuing series species are at (or near) their northern range of floristic studies produced by the Local limit in the Torrey Range, including Diospyros Flora Committee of the Torrey Botanical virginiana, Juncus debilis, Rumex hastatulus, Society. For historical and background in- Spiranthes vernalis, , and formation contained in earlier reports, see Utricularia juncea. Three of the native species Lamont and Fitzgerald (2001) and Lamont have restricted global ranges, including Eu- and Young (2002, 2004, 2005). The Torrey patorium album var. subvenosum, Pycnanthe- Range includes southeastern New York mum torrei, and . (Bronx, Kings, Nassau, New York, Orange, New populations of five rare species Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suf- are reported for the first time from the Torrey folk, and Westchester counties), northern New Range, including Diospyros virginiana, Juncus Jersey (Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, debilis, Lemna valdiviana, Lygodium palmatum, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Pas- and Utricularia radiata. Clarification on the saic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, and Warren northern range limit of Utricularia juncea is counties), and southwestern Connecticut presented, as is an update on the status of (Fairfield County). Nomenclature mostly fol- Pycnanthemum torrei on Staten Island, New lows Mitchell and Tucker (1997), ranges of York. Noteworthy increases in population size distribution and nativity status follows Glea- are reported for Asclepias purpurascens, Oxalis son and Cronquist (1991) unless otherwise violacea, Pyxidanthera barbulata, and Spir- stated, and herbarium abbreviations follow anthes vernalis. Conversely, populations of the Holmgren et al. (1990). globally rare Eupatorium album var. subveno- Of the 25 species included in sum have severely declined on Long Island, this report, 14 are native to the Torrey Range New York during the past 20 years. The last and 11 are non-native; all 14 of the native known population of Rumex hastatulus in the species are listed as rare in either New York, Torrey Range has not been observed during New Jersey, or Connecticut. Six of the native the past 15 years and Trichostema setaceum has not been observed in the Torrey Range for 1 Corresponding author: 717 Sound Shore Road, more than 60 years. Riverhead, NY 11901; E-mail: elamont@optonline. Of the non-native species included in this net report, Ludwigia peploides subsp. glabrescens, 2 E-mail: [email protected] Received for publication September 10, 2006, and Myriophyllum spicatum, and Trapa natans in revised form November 15, 2006. have the potential to become the most invasive

648 2006] LAMONT AND YOUNG: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 649 submergent aquatic pests in the Torrey Range. palustris, Eclipta prostrata and Lindernia Froelichia gracilis, Polygonum perfoliatum, and dubia. Pyrus calleryana have become, or have the Anagallis minima occurs only as scattered potential to become, serious invasive terrestri- records in the Northeast; it remains unreport- al weeds. Anagallis minima, Euphorbia lathyris, ed from , New Jersey and all of , Thlaspi alliaceum, and Vicia New England. Various northeastern floras lathyroides are newly established non-natives describe the overall distribution of A. minima in the Torrey Range. as irregularly cosmopolitan, or semicosmopo- Throughout this report, we have endeav- litan, or native outside of the Northeast. The ored to give credit to individuals who reported NatureServe database indicates that states their findings to us. We are especially grateful close to or bordering New Jersey and Penn- to Karl Anderson (Philadelphia Botanical sylvania to the south (, Maryland, Club), Marielle´ Anzelone (City of New York Virginia, West Virginia) rank it as SU (‘‘status Parks and Recreation), Spider Barbour (in- uncertain because of the cryptic nature of the dependent field botanist), Orland ‘‘Skip’’ plant’’) or SH (‘‘historical, no existing sites Blanchard (Long Island University & Long known in the state in the last 20–30 years but Island Botanical Society), Stephen Broyles it may be rediscovered’’); many other states to (SUNY Cortland), Steve Glenn (Brooklyn the south and west do not rank A. minima at Botanic Garden), Andrew Greller (Queens all (NatureServe, 2006), but it is uncertain College of CUNY), Chart Guthrie (NYS whether they do not know the status of the Department of Environmental Conservation), species or it is so common it is not ranked. Bill Jacobs (The Nature Conservancy), Jesse Illinois ranks A. minima as a non-native Jaycox (New York Natural Heritage Pro- species, whereas three of its border states gram), Marilyn Jordan (The Nature Conser- (Kentucky, , ) consider it vancy), Rich Kelly (Long Island Botanical native (NatureServe 2006). Society), Scott Kishbaugh (NYS Department Asclepias purpurascens L. of Environmental Conservation), Gregory Purple Milkweed Kramer (New York Restoration Project), Richard Lynch (Sweetbay Magnolia Conser- Asclepiadaceae, the Milkweed Family vancy), Ray Matarazzo (Staten Island Muse- Purple milkweed is currently known in New um), Ed McGowan (NYS Parks and Histor- York at 10 confirmed localities from Greene ical Preservation), Kathy Schwager (The County south along the Hudson River coun- Nature Conservancy), Richard Stalter (St. ties through Staten Island and Long Island. John’s University), and John Yrizarry (in- There are also about 25 historical and un- dependent field botanist). confirmed records from the same region. Until Annotated List of Noteworthy Plants Re- recently all of these populations had less than ported from the Torrey Range—2004 and 2005 50 individuals each which seems to be a common phenomenon throughout the entire Anagallis minima (L.) Krause ex Sturm range of the species. The Natural Heritage (Centunculus minimus L.) Program botanists in the nine states of Chaffweed Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, New Jersey, Primulaceae, the Primrose Family Delaware, Illinois, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and There is a single New York record from Tennessee were contacted for information on Albany County for this diminutive, non-native population sizes of this species in their states. relative of scarlet pimpernel (Weldy and Only two of the states reported populations of Werier, 2005); there are no records at all from more than 100 individuals and the largest New Jersey according to the USDA Plants population was estimated to be 400 individuals database (USDA, NRCS 2006). In July 2004, in Illinois; almost all of the populations were Orland ‘‘Skip’’ Blanchard found this species reported to be 50 individuals or less. In all of growing on the edge of a coastal fresh pond New England there are only 4 extant popula- while he was flagging a wetland in Huntington tions in Massachusetts and Connecticut with Bay in northwestern Suffolk County, Long a total of 23 stems (Farnsworth and DiGre- Island, New York. It grew in a wet residential gorio 2001). lawn that was mowed to the water’s edge. On 5 July 2004, a vegetation survey was Near it and also mowed were Ludwigia conducted by Spider Barbour and John 650 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 133

Yrizarry on a future mitigation wetland in the Bronx. In 1984 and 1985, Bob Zaremba Stewart State Forest, Town of Montgomery, located eleven populations of E. album var. Orange County, New York. During the survey subvenosum on Long Island and one on Staten they found hundreds of plants of Asclepias Island. The Long Island populations primarily purpurascens in a large wet meadow that was occurred in disturbed sandy openings of occasionally mowed for hay. The plants barrens including roadside borders, powerline occurred with Asclepias incarnata and Ascle- right-of-ways, and fields. The Staten Island pias syriaca. On 28 June 2005, a formal count population occurred in disturbed interdunal revealed a population size of 1725 plants, far swales. larger than any population ever reported in In August 2004, Steve Young resurveyed the Northeast and possibly within the entire nine of the twelve occurrences previously range of the species. Some of the plants had documented by Zaremba, but found E. album white flowers mixed in with purple flowers var. subvenosum at only two of them. The open indicating there may have been some hybrid- habitat at three of the sites had succeeded into ization with Asclepias syriaca. Steven Broyles, woody vegetation. One roadside population a milkweed expert from SUNY Cortland, was probably eliminated by mowing and collected plant material for DNA studies in another roadside population had been elimi- the summer of 2006 to examine this phenom- nated by Phragmites. Two populations were in enon. Construction of the mitigation wetland areas that still appeared to provide suitable proceeded in the fall and winter of 2005 but habitat but no white boneset was observed. the purple milkweed population was buffered The original populations at these last two sites in an attempt to prevent negative impacts contained only 5 to 10 plants each. One from the construction. The population will be roadside population and one population in monitored annually. a grassy opening by a lake were still extant although the number of individuals was re- Diospyros virginiana L. duced. Is E. album var. subvenosum in severe decline , the Family on Long Island, or is it just moving around in Persimmon is at its northeastern range limit search of suitable habitat? Regular surveys of in southeastern New York and southern New pine barrens disturbances in late summer over England. There are 12 extant populations in a number of years should reveal the answer. New York, primarily on Staten Island and Its ability to grow along roadsides may western Long Island with an outlier on eastern indicate that it is more common than we think. Long Island near Manorville (Lamont and Euphorbia lathyris L. Young 2004). In Nassau County, Long Island Gopher Spurge, Caper Spurge, Mole Plant there is only one extant population and nine , the Spurge Family historical populations that have not been re- located. On 12 March 2005, an additional two While hiking in mid-November 2005 on trees were found at Valley Stream State Park, a fire break along the western border of Nassau County by Gregory Kramer. They Connectquot River State Park, Long Island, occur along the stream in association with New York, Kathy Schwager and Bill Jacobs Acer rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica, and Juglans noticed a lush green patch of plants growing nigra. along the edge of the pitch pine-oak forest bordering a residential community. The colo- Eupatorium album L. var. subvenosum A. ny of 30+ plants turned out to be Euphorbia Gray lathyris (E. lathyrus L., an orthographic White Boneset, White-bracted Thoroughwort variant), a non-native annual/biennial from , the Aster Family the Mediterranean region with invasive qual- This variety of Eupatorium album was first ities and currently quite uncommon in the described in 1884 from plants collected on Torrey Range. The plants were probably Long Island, New Jersey, and Delaware (Gray recently introduced to the site with illegally 1884) and is presently considered globally rare dumped landscape clippings. All individuals of by NatureServe (NatureServe 2006). In New E. lathyris were pulled, stuffed into plastic York there are 17 historical localities for this bags, removed from the site, and destroyed. taxon from Long Island, Staten Island, and During the plant removal process, many seeds 2006] LAMONT AND YOUNG: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 651 spontaneously ejected from their dried cap- With the exception of a colony established sules. in 1958 ‘‘in sand adjacent to the Rockaway Revisiting the site in the early summer of railroad spur, Jamaica Bay Sanctuary, 2006 revealed an additional 200 to 300 thriving Queens’’ [7 Sept 1958, Monachino 628, NY], plants of E. lathyris. The relatively contained Froelichia gracilis probably began to sporad- population of 2005 had vigorously expanded ically colonize the Torrey Range during the its borders; outlying individuals also were 1970s and 1980s (this inference is based upon found scattered beyond the main population. literature searches, herbarium searches at The During mid-July 2006, all visible plants of E. New York Botanical Garden (NY) and lathyris were once again removed and de- Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BKL), and per- stroyed off-site. The site was visited once again sonal observations by local field botanists). By about a month later to see if any individuals the mid to late 1990s, it was known to occur were missed, but no others were detected. The locally in Fairfield Co., CT; Hudson, Hunter- site will continue to be closely monitored and don, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Sussex, managed every year until the seed bank is and Warren cos., NJ; and Kings, Nassau, exhausted. Putnam, Queens, Richmond, and Suffolk cos., Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai NY. In 2000, a population of F. gracilis Mulberry Weed, Hairy Crabweed consisting of several dozen individuals oc- , the Mulberry Family curred along the disturbed, open, sandy roadside of Route 58 in Riverhead, Long Fatoua villosa, a native of eastern Asia, was Island, New York. After road construction in first reported for North America from Louisi- the early 2000s, the population increased to ana by Thieret (1964). It rapidly expanded its thousands of individuals in 2005, and spread range into the eastern and midwestern states, to other nearby sandy roadsides in the town- apparently spreading from the distribution of ships of Riverhead and adjacent Southamp- horticultural materials (Massey 1975, Vincent ton. Similar observations have been recently 1993, Wunderlin 1997, Reznicek 2001, Yats- reported from Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge kievych and Raveill 2001). More recently, in Queens County by Stalter and Lamont Miller and (2003) reported F. villosa (2002) and others. Within a decade, F. gracilis from upstate New York and eastern Massa- reached ‘‘invasive plant’’ status within regions chusetts. of the Torrey Range. In the late summer of 1998, Eric Lamont Froelichia gracilis is probably native only noticed seedlings of F. villosa in the pot of west of the from to Calathea makoyana (peacock plant) that had Colorado south to and Chihuahua, been placed outside with other house plants in Mexico (Clemants 1992). Blake (1956) dis- Riverhead, Long Island, New York. The cussed the spread of this species east of the Calathea had been purchased the previous Mississippi River along railroad corridors. winter at a large nursery and garden center. During the next few years, F. villosa appeared Juncus debilis A. Gray in pots of other house plants, including Weak Rush Asplenium nidus (bird’s-nest ), Codiaeum , the Rush Family variegatum (croton), Crassula argentea (jade While searching for rare plants at Hemp- plant), and Kalanchoe daigremontiana (good- stead Lake State Park, Nassau County, Long luck plant), also placed outside during the Island, Steve Young located a population of summer. By 2004, hundreds of Fatoua plants Juncus debilis in September 2004. This was had colonized shady, relatively moist areas of only the third known locality for the species in the front and back yards, including a native New York; the other two are in the highlands fern garden with Adiantum pedatum, Asple- of Orange County and Tackapausha Preserve nium platyneuron, Botrychium dissectum forma in Nassau County. Weak rush is common in obliquum, Cystopteris fragilis, Onoclea sensibi- the southeastern but only a few lis, Osmunda claytoniana, Phegopteris connec- populations are known north of southern New tilis, and Polystichum acrostichoides. Jersey. It does not occur farther north than Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. Massachusetts and southeastern New York. Slender Cotton-weed, Slender Snake-cotton Juncus debilis is closely related to J. subcauda- Amaranthaceae, the Amaranth Family tus, another New York State rare rush, and 652 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 133 plants need to be critically examined to avoid aquatic nuisance species in New York, the first misidentifications. being a 1992 occurrence from Prospect Lake in Brooklyn (Clemants, pers. comm.). Lemna valdiviana Phill. Pale Duckweed Since 2003, L. peploides subsp. glabrescens has spread downstream through two im- Lemnaceae, the Duckweed Family poundments on the Peconic River, but it has Pale duckweed is a rare plant in New York, not been observed to have spread upstream. In known only from Long Island and Staten the spring of 2006, a consortium of six Island. From Long Island there are three concerned groups (including freshwater an- historical records from the 1800s (the earliest glers, environmental and civic groups, and from 1838 at Upper Yaphank Lake, Suffolk government agencies) organized to develop County), two from 1929, and one from 1936. and implement a plan to control and ultimate- From Staten Island there is one early record ly eradicate the Ludwigia infestation from the that was listed without a date in Annotated Peconic River. Funds were applied for, and List of the and Flowering Plants of New the group was awarded an Invasive Aquatic York State (House 1924). After 1936, L. Species Eradication Grant by the New York valdiviana was not collected again in New State Department of Environmental Conser- York until 1974 when Joe Beitel found it in vation. On 10 June 2006, 60 volunteers Suffolk County at Southaven County Park at manually removed 20 yd3 of Ludwigia from the edge of the Carmans River. It had been approximately 40% of the Peconic Lake considered historical (‘‘SH’’) by the New York shoreline, and on 19 August 2006, 55 volun- Natural Heritage Program (Young and teers removed another 40 yd3 from approxi- Weldy, May 2004) until 14 September 2004 mately 30% of the lake shoreline. The Grant when it was collected by Steve Young and will cover manual removal operations in the Andrew Greller in a pond at Deepdale Golf river through 2009. Club, Town of North Hempstead, Nassau Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. County, and again at Alley Pond Park in Climbing Fern Queens County. Correct identification of Lygodiaceae, the Climbing Fern Family voucher specimens was confirmed by Wayne Armstrong, a duckweed expert from Palomar Climbing fern is one of the most beautiful College, San Marcos, California. This species and interesting ferns in New York. It is at its is probably more common within the Torrey northern range limit in New York and New Range but it is not easily distinguished from England, with three extant populations in New Lemna minor and water bodies have not been York and five historical records. It was first systematically sampled. More directed surveys collected in 1873 at the Catskill Mountains for L. valdiviana will be conducted in the locality of Hunter, Greene County where it future. has not been re-located. Three other historical localities are known from upstate New York, Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven subsp. and one from East Hampton, Long Island glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven [1868, E. S. Miller, ROCH]. Lygodium palma- Floating Water-primrose tum is more common south of New York, Onagraceae, the Evening-primose Family especially in the southeastern United States. It An aquatic plant infestation along the would be expected to be more frequent in borders of Peconic Lake (aka Forge Pond, southeastern New York but its most southern a dammed portion of the Peconic River), extant locality in New York was in Saratoga Calverton, Long Island, was first reported to County until 31 March 2005 when Ray Chart Guthrie by local residents and fisher- Matarazzo discovered a small population in men in the summer of 2003. The aquatic the Princes’s Bay section of Staten Island. The species was ultimately identified as Ludwigia habitat is a red maple/sweetgum swamp forest peploides subsp. glabrescens by Rob Marsh of with moist soils on glacial till. The plants form the New York State Department of Environ- a thick mat in a small clearing and also climb mental Conservation, and later confirmed by over sapling trees. The swamp forest is Steve Glenn of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. composed of approximately 80% tree species Apparently, the Peconic Lake population was (including Acer rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica, Liq- only the second confirmed occurrence of this uidambar styraciflua, Quercus palustris, Quer- 2006] LAMONT AND YOUNG: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 653 cus velutina, Betula populifolia, and Sassafras 1940s (Aiken 1981). It is likely that the plant albidum), and 20% shrub and herb species was introduced into the Finger Lakes region (including Vaccinium corymbosum, Viburnum of New York in the 1940s, and spread radially dentatum var. lucidum, and Aralia nudicaulis). by boat traffic, water fowl, and water flow, The upstate populations tend to be associated probably most often along the Erie Canal. with Pinus strobus or P. rigida with small Over the last sixty years, M. spicatum has Sphagnum-filled hollows. spread to nearly all of the 62 counties in New Myriophyllum spicatum L. York, with the interior Adirondacks and Long Eurasian Water-milfoil Island the only regions in the state not colonized by the end of the 20th century. Haloragaceae, the Water-milfoil Family Although there have been unvouchered re- While conducting an aquatic plant survey ports of M. spicatum from Long Island during on Long Island, New York in 2005, Scott at least the last decade, none of those reports Kishbaugh discovered established beds of have been confirmed. Eurasian water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum in North and South has been found in northern New Jersey and Twin Ponds (aka Seamans Ponds) in Wan- southern Connecticut for at least twenty years, tagh, Nassau County. Absent any other although sightings in the northeastern part of confirmed sightings, this may represent the the Torrey Range (Fairfield County) have not pioneering introduction of this invasive plant been extensive. to Long Island. The plant formed surface canopies in a few locations, primarily at Oxalis violacea L. depths of approximately 1–2 meters in sandy Violet Wood-sorrel substrates, but mostly was found growing as , the Wood-sorrel Family single stems to within 0.5 meters of the water Violet wood-sorrel was first tracked as a rare surface; this suggests a relatively recent in- plant in New York in 1997 when only six troduction of the plant to these lakes. A extant populations were known in the state. detailed survey of ponded waters in Nassau There are approximately 30 historical localities and Suffolk counties in 2005 and 2006 did not for this species, concentrated in the counties reveal any additional M. spicatum populations along the Hudson and Mohawk rivers from (Kishbaugh, pers. comm.). Staten Island to Schenectady County and also Myriophyllum spicatum is among the most in the Susquehanna drainage from Chemung invasive submergent aquatic plant species in to Broome counties. Two new populations much of the northern portion of the United were found in the Torrey Range in 2005, States. It is a generalist invader, growing increasing the state total to 14 extant popula- copiously in shallow and deep water over the tions. Jesse Jaycox and Ed McGowan found full range of trophic states and sediment types thousands of individuals of O. violacea on found throughout the Torrey Range. Myrio- Sugarloaf Mountain in the Town of Chester, phyllum spicatum gains competitive advantage Orange County on 1 June 2005. Ed McGowan over native plants by growing rapidly in water found an additional 35 individuals on the as cold as 10uC, reproducing by fragments, southeast face of Catamount Mountain, Town including those created through late sum- of Ramapo, Rockland County on 18 May mer auto-fragmentation (bearing adventitious 2005. This species usually occurs in open, dry, roots), and by forming dense surface canopies rocky and further exploration of this that shade low-lying plants (Kishbaugh, pers. habitat in the Hudson Valley and Southern comm.). Tier should reveal more populations. The origin of Eurasian water-milfoil in the Polygonum perfoliatum L. northeastern United States cannot be pin- Mile-a-Minute Weed pointed with any certainty. Although it was , the Buckwheat Family reported in many northern lakes as early as the 1880s, many of those reports were based upon During the past ten years, mile-a-minute misidentifications of Myriophyllum sibericum weed has established itself at an alarming rate (M. exalbescens), a native plant superficially throughout southeastern New York. It was resembling M. spicatum (Aiken 1981, Couch first discovered in New York in 1994 at Ward and Nelson 1985). The first confirmed collec- Pound Ridge Reservation in Westchester tion came from a Maryland pond in the early County (Lamont and Fitzgerald 2001), and 654 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 133 in 1998 it was found along the Greenbelt Trail Pyrus calleryana was not included in the in Old Bethpage, Nassau County, Long Island flora of northeastern United States (Gleason (Lamont 1998). By 2004, more than 20 and Cronquist 1991), the flora of New York populations of P. perfoliatum had been re- (Mitchell and Tucker 1997), or the woody ported from Long Island by members of the plants of southeastern New York (Clemants Long Island Botanical Society and the Long 1999). Island Chapter of The Nature Conservancy In the summer of 2004, Andrew Greller (Lamont 2005); populations were concentrat- reported an established population of P. ed in northern Nassau County, but were also calleryana at Froelich Farms Nature Preserve established as far east as Montauk Point on in the Town of Huntington, Suffolk Co., New the South Fork and Orient Point on the North York. Dozens of seedlings, saplings, and small Fork. trees to 6 m tall co-dominated a successional Additional observation database records ‘‘tall shrubland/low woodland’’ with Prunus maintained by the Invasive Plant Council of serotina, Juniperus virginiana, Malus spp., New York State and Brooklyn Botanic Elaeagnus umbellata, Rhus glabra, Rosa multi- Garden document the increasing abundance flora, and an occasional Betula populifolia; of P. perfoliatum throughout other regions of common vines included Celastrus orbiculatus the Torrey Range. More than 40 populations and Lonicera japonica. Some of the taller of mile-a-minute weed have been reported individuals of P. calleryana were bearing fruit. from Westchester, Putnam, Rockland, and After hearing Greller’s report, Eric Lamont Orange counties, New York, and six popula- located two more populations of P. calleryana tions have been reported from Warren Coun- in successional old fields on the North Fork of ty, New Jersey. eastern Long Island during the spring of 2005. The fleshy, berrylike fruits of P. perfolia- One population, located on Route 48 just east tum are primarily dispersed by birds (Moun- of Mattituck, consisted of more than 100 tain 1989, Okay 1997), and many new flowering individuals; the other, located on populations of this increasingly problematic Route 48 north of Peconic, consisted of invasive species in the Torrey Range have been approximately 20 flowering individuals. In found under trees where birds frequently both cases, cultivated parent trees were located perch. adjacent to or in the general vicinity of the naturalized populations. Pycnanthemum torrei Benth. Additional recent reports of naturalized P. Torrey’s Mountain Mint calleryana in southeastern New York are from , the Mint Family the High Line between 14th and 34th Streets, A new occurrence of this globally rare Manhattan Island; Mount Loretto Conserva- species was located in the Charleston section tion Area, Staten Island; and the vicinity of of Staten Island in 2003 (Lamont and Young West Mill Pond in Moriches, Suffolk Co. 2004). Approximately 200 individuals grew (Steve Glenn, pers. comm.). along a natural roadside of a busy highway Nesom (2000; also see references cited adjacent to a large natural area extending therein) has provided a brief summary of the south from Clay Pit Ponds State Park. Since introduction and colonization of P. calleryana 2003, the roadside area has been developed in eastern United States with notes on re- into a large shopping center, but the P. torrei production, hybridization, some of the differ- population has been protected by the estab- ent cultivars, and its potential to become lishment of a small buffer region, and the a serious invasive pest. plants were still thriving in 2005. A monitoring Pyxidanthera barbulata Michx. and restoration project has been developed Pyxie, Pyxie- and implemented by the Natural Resources , the Diapensia Family Group of the New York City Parks De- Pyxie is at its northern range limit on Long partment to provide further long-term pro- Island, New York. It was first discovered in tection. New York by state botanist Eugene Ogden on Pyrus calleryana Decne. 7 May 1959 at South Side Sportsman’s Club in Bradford Pear, Callery Pear Islip, now Connetquot River State Park. In the Rosaceae, the Rose Family early 1900s, Roy Latham had observed it 2006] LAMONT AND YOUNG: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 655 growing on Eagle Neck just west of Orient beach sand’’ above the upper margin of Point in Suffolk County, and commented, ‘‘I a brackish meadow at Promised Land on the did not consider it a native species. This plant Napeague isthmus of Long Island’s South had been long in cultivation in the oldest Fork (Latham 1934). In 1986, the Napeague gardens of Orient. All of the local gardens and population was re-located by Bob Zaremba; yards were raked, and the litter was piled in approximately 50 to 100 plants grew in the cowyards and pigpens present on every association with Panicum virgatum, Liatris farm; the debris and manure were later carted scariosa var. novae-angliae, Schizachyrium out to the pasture lands and spread as scoparium var. littoralis, and Myrica pensylva- fertilizer. I suspect that P. barbulata had nica. become established by introduced seeds or During the mid to late-1990s, members of plants, perhaps 100 or more years before I first the Long Island Botanical Society were unable noticed it. Plowing eradicated the Pyxie on to locate the Napeague population during Eagle Neck. I tried to transplant Pyxie to my several field trips to the region, but visits to the farm at Orient; however, the soil may have site may have been too early or too late in the been too wet and heavy, and the plants died.’’ season. From 2000 to 2004, Steve Young and/ (Latham 1978). or Eric Lamont surveyed the site in early In 1985, a second native population of 100– summer and failed to find R. hastatulus. In 200 individuals was discovered along Freeman 2005, Bob Zaremba surveyed the site and also Avenue in Islip by Chris Mangels. The found no R. hastatulus. Because R. hastatulus population occurred in a grassland opening has not been observed in New York in the last created 10 to 15 years earlier by clearing the 20 years, New York Natural Heritage Pro- woods for a radio antenna installation. In gram now lists this species as historical (‘‘SH’’) 1998, the grassland was bulldozed in prepara- in New York (Young & Weldy 2006). tion for a larger antenna installation, and Rumex hastatulus also had occurred in a survey in the spring of 1999 revealed only Atlantic, Monmouth, and Ocean counties, bare, unvegetated soil where the pixie had New Jersey. Efforts to re-locate those histor- been. At that time, P. barbulata was consid- ical populations have been unsuccessful and ered extirpated at the site and no further the species is also listed as historical (‘‘SH’’) in surveys were conducted until September 2004 New Jersey. when Steve Young and Eric Lamont were Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray surprised to find that the grassland had fully Spring Ladies’-tresses recovered from the earlier bulldozing. A , the Orchid Family detailed survey revealed approximately 70 clumps of pixies scattered around the old Spiranthes vernalis reaches the northern antenna. This population is now the largest in limit of its range in southeastern New York New York, surpassing the tens of plants and southern New England. Extant popula- growing under the shade of a thick shrub tions in New York are limited to Suffolk layer at Connetquot River State Park. County where only 5 of 17 historical popula- tions have been re-located (Lamont 1996). Rumex hastatulus Baldw. While conducting a floristic inventory of Plum Heartwing Sorrel Island, just east of Orient Point in Suffolk Co., Polygonaceae, the Smartweed Family Richard Stalter and Eric Lamont observed Rumex hastatulus is at its northeastern more than 1000 flowering individuals of S. range limit in the Torrey Range. Historically, vernalis scattered throughout the island in it had been collected from five localities in August 2004. Small colonies occurred in Suffolk Co., Long Island, New York. Popula- several grassy openings but the vast majority tions from the vicinity of Aquebogue, Cold of individuals were found in the former parade Spring Harbor, Northville, and Riverhead ground bordering the island’s south shore; in have not been re-located after extensive efforts 2004, the parade ground had not been mowed during the 1980s and 1990s by members of the as frequently as in recent past years. The Plum Long Island Botanical Society and New York Island population of S. vernalis was the largest Natural Heritage Program. in New York in 2004. Revisiting the island in On 23 June 1929, Roy Latham and William 2005 revealed that the population size had Ferguson collected R. hastatulus from ‘‘pure dramatically decreased, even though the for- 656 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 133 mer parade ground had not been mowed to neighboring lakes. A detailed survey of before August. It is unclear what factors may ponded waters in Nassau and Suffolk Coun- have influenced the emergence of such high ties in 2005 and 2006 did not reveal any numbers of flowering individuals in 2004. additional T. natans populations (Kishbaugh, pers. comm.). Thlaspi alliaceum L. Water chestnut has been the subject of Garlic Penny-cress, Roadside Penny-cress extensive physical and chemical management Brassicaceae, the Mustard Family in Vermont and upstate New York, and Among the newest non-native plants to nuisance control can only be achieved with colonize New Jersey is Thlaspi alliaceum. Karl persistent and continuous application of these Anderson reported this Eurasian species in the control methodologies over at least a decade, spring of 2005 as ‘‘almost the dominant weed owing to the resilience of the spiked nutlet. in farm fields in southern Gloucester County, However, T. natans is among the few invasive and I’ve since seen it in Mercer and Burlington aquatic species in the Torrey Range that can counties … The seeds have a very strong be effectively controlled by cutting, if contin- garlicky taste.’’ Thlaspi alliaceum was first ual cutting operations ultimately exhaust the reported in North America in the early 1960s bank of nutlets capable of germination in in North Carolina, and has since spread to bottom sediments, where they may be viable Delaware, Indiana, Kentucky, , for up to 20 years (Kishbaugh, pers. comm.). Maryland, Missouri, , Pennsylvania, Trapa natans is the only submergent plant for and Tennessee (USDA, NRCS 2006; Missour- which the ‘‘plant(ing), transport, transplant, iplants.com). This species is not included in or traffic(ing)’’ of the plants, seeds, or nuts is Gleason and Cronquist (1991), but a diagnostic outlawed in New York, as per the state key is provided by Weakley (2006). Environmental Conservation Law. It is also Trapa natans L. considered an invasive, banned plant in Water-chestnut Connecticut. Trapaceae, the Water-chestnut Family Water chestnut first colonized North Amer- ica just north of the Torrey Range; there Trapa natans was first discovered on Long remains some debate within the botanical Island, New York in late summer of 2004 community whether the pioneering ornamen- during a routine water quality monitoring tal introduction can be traced to Sanders (now project conducted by Scott Kishbaugh of the Collins) Lake in Scotia, New York or to Fresh New York State Department of Environmen- Pond and a Harvard herbarium garden out- tal Conservation. A single rooted plant was side of Boston circa 1880 (Kishbaugh, pers. found (and removed) near the outlet of Mill comm.). This spread slowly Pond (aka Wantagh Pond and Jones Pond) in throughout the mid Hudson River and Mo- Wantagh, southwestern Nassau County. A hawk River basins over the next hundred more systematic survey in 2005 revealed years. In the last few decades, the southern a single bed approximately 150 square feet in boundaries of T. natans extended to the area along the northern shore of the lake, and northern edge of the Torrey Range, primarily isolated single plants at scattered locations in the shallow littoral zone of small ponded throughout the lake. Extensive surveys in 2006 waters and sluggish portions of the Hudson of the inlets to Mill Pond and two upstream River in Putnam, Orange and Westchester ponded waters (Twin Ponds, aka Seamans counties in New York. It has become natural- Pond, and Forest City Park Pond, aka ized in the Hudson River, Mohawk River and Brownings Pond) did not reveal any additional Lake Champlain, forming dense canopies occurrences of T. natans, although these completely covering the water surface and upstream lakes sustained populations of Myr- impeding boat traffic and water flow. Trapa iophyllum spicatum (Eurasian water milfoil) natans has recently spread to the Finger Lakes and Egeria densa (Brazilian elodea), respec- region and isolated ponds increasingly distant tively. A proposed dredging project on Mill from the Hudson-Mohawk epicenter; water- Pond slated to remove extensive populations fowl, hydrological transit, and especially boat of Nuphar lutea in 2006 was expanded to traffic in the canal system are the primary include the large water chestnut bed in hopes vectors of transport. Trapa natans has been of extirpating the population before it spread found in about a half dozen lakes and ponds in 2006] LAMONT AND YOUNG: NOTEWORTHY PLANTS 657 northern New Jersey, and while it is not Utricularia radiata Small believed that this plant has been found in Small Floating Bladderwort Fairfield County, Connecticut, it was intro- , the Bladderwort Family duced to the Connecticut River by 1999. Before 1984, there were only 11 historical Trichostema setaceum Houtt. localities for U. radiata in New York, primar- Tiny Blue-curls ily on Long Island. Beginning in 1984, in- Lamiaceae, the Mint Family tensive surveys of eastern Long Island’s coastal plain ponds (Zaremba and Lamont This attractive wildflower is closely related 1993) revealed many new occurrences of U. to the common blue-curls, Trichostema dichot- radiata, and the re-location of two historical omum. In New York, T. setaceum is known populations at Gibbs Pond and Artist Lake in from only five historical localities on Long Suffolk County. Floristic surveys of the Island and Staten Island, with a questionable Hudson Highlands conducted in 1992 by unvouchered report from Westchester County. botanists from the New York State Museum It was first collected in 1894 on Staten Island and West Point Military Academy revealed and last seen in 1945 around Long Pond in four more occurrences of U. radiata in Sag Harbor, Long Island. In September 1906, southeastern Orange County. blue-curls was collected from around Hemp- No extant populations of this species were stead Lake in Nassau County by Eugene known from Nassau County until 29 Novem- Bicknell, and a voucher specimen was de- ber 2004 when Steve Young found one plant posited at the New York State Museum floating along the shoreline of the south pond (NYS). In September 2004, Steve Young of Twin Lakes Preserve in Wantagh. More visited the sandy shores of Hempstead Lake intensive surveys of Nassau County ponds in search of T. setaceum but only the common may reveal more plants. A total of 23 T. dichotomum was found, primarily along the occurrences of U. radiata are now known eastern shoreline. Bicknell’s voucher of ‘‘T. from southeastern New York, with the highest setaceum’’ at NYS was re-examined by Steve concentration still on eastern Long Island. Young; it had been misidentified and was reassigned to T. dichotomum. Vicia lathyroides L. Spring Vetch Utricularia juncea Vahl , the Bean Family Rush Bladderwort Lentibulariaceae, the Bladderwort Family Spring Vetch, an Old World native, has been found sparingly throughout the USA, In his most recent treatment of the but in the Northeast it is reported only from Utricularia, Schnell (2002) reported U. juncea Virginia and Massachusetts. In the spring of as occurring ‘‘in the eastern coastal plain of the 2000, Orland ‘‘Skip’’ Blanchard collected what United States from New Jersey to eastern later turned out to be this species in the village Texas.’’ However, Zaremba and Lamont of The Branch and north of Ridge, both in (1993) confirmed the occurrence of U. juncea Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. The from three extensive pond systems in eastern plants were growing in fields with a mixture of Suffolk Co., Long Island, New York. From the grasses and other herbs in areas that were coastal plain pond shores north of Manorville, apparently mowed at remote intervals. It was U. juncea has been documented from Duck, not until 2004 that Blanchard actually re- Fox, Linus, Peasys, Sandy, Twin, and Wood- turned to the specimens and positively identi- choppers ponds, and two small unnamed fied them. Then in 2005, V. lathyroides was ponds; from the coastal plain Atlantic white reported in a published list of the flora of cedar swamp just south of Riverhead, it has Caumsett State Historic Park, in Lloyd Neck, been documented from the south end of Cedar also in Suffolk County, New York (Greller et Pond; and from the coastal plain pond shores al., 2005). Greller informed Blanchard that the southeast of Flanders, it has been documented record was based on a July 1994 collection. from House Pond and two small unnamed It is now evident that V. lathyroides has ponds west and north of Grass Pond. Utricu- been present on Long Island for over a decade laria juncea is currently listed as a state and is well established in the north-central part threatened plant (‘‘S2’’) by New York Natural of the island. It should be watched for Heritage Program (Young and Weldy 2006). elsewhere. This species has also recently been 658 JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY [VOL. 133 added to the New Jersey flora (Cumberland LAMONT, E. E. AND S. M. YOUNG. 2002. Noteworthy County; Gerry Moore, pers. comm.) but plants reported from the Torrey Range—2001. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 363–371. apparently it has not yet been found in the LAMONT, E. E. AND S. M. YOUNG. 2004. Noteworthy Torrey Range in that state. plants reported from the Torrey Range—2002 Blanchard’s specimens are deposited in the and 2003. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 394–402. herbarium of the Department of Biology, LAMONT, E. E. AND S. M. YOUNG. 2005. Juncus diffusissimus, an addition to the flora of New Long Island University, C. W. Post Campus. York, with notes on its recent spread in the United States. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 635– Literature Cited 643. LATHAM, R. 1934. Botanical notes from Long AIKEN, S. G. 1981. A conspectus of Myriophyllum in Island. Torreya 34: 95. North America. Brittonia 33: 57–69. 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