Syllabus Review 1 (2009): 1 - 9

N SYLLABUS REVIEW E S Science Series

RESEARCH ARTICLE - ENTOMOLOGY

Jumping plant-lice of the family Phacopteronidae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from the Center Region of Cameroon: biodiversity and host plants.

Wenceslas Yana1, Joseph Lebel Tamesse1*, Daniel Burckhardt2 1 Laboratory of Zoology, Higher Teacher’s Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon. 2 Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse 2, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. * Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected].

Received: 19 August 2009 / Revised: 27 August 2009 / Accepted: 4 September 2009 © Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun

Abstract A survey of Phacopteronidae in the Center Region of Cameroon from January 2006 to December 2007 documented 11 species belonging to the genus Pseudophacopteron. Two species are new records: Pseudophacopteron sp.1 from Fagara macrophylla and Pseudophacopteron sp.2 from an unknown host plant. Abundance of all species appeared to depend on the phenology of host plants, with the production of new plant growth during the rainy season. Damage to their host plants includes distortion and folding of leaves, induction of galls, drying of terminal buds, defoliation, necrosis and production of honey dew.

Keys words: biodiversity, psyllids, Phacopteronidae, host plants, Center Region, Cameroon.

Résumé L’étude des Phacopteronidae menée dans la région du Centre Cameroun de Janvier 2006 à Décembre 2007 a permis de recenser 11 espèces appartenant au genre Pseudophacopteron. Deux espèces ne sont décrites : psylle de Fagara macrophylla et une espèce dont la plante hôte n’est pas identifiée. Les périodes de prolifération de chaque espèce dépendent de la phénologie de la plante hôte, mais cette phénologie dépend des variations des facteurs climatiques. Les dommages causés aux plantes hôtes sont : distorsion et enroulement des feuilles, induction des galles, dessèchement des bourgeons terminaux, défoliation, nécroses et production du miellat.

Mots clés: biodiversité, psylles, Phacopteronidae, plantes hôtes, Région du Centre, Cameroun.

Introduction young plants, are often attacked by a Cameroon is situated between latitudes 2– variety of insects or pests. 13° N and longitudes 9–16° E. It is Among these pests are the plant sap- divided into ten administrative regions: sucking jumping plant-lice or psylloids Adamaoua, Centre, East, Far-North, (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) which are Littoral, North, North-West, West, South predominantly associated with dicotyledons and South-West. The Center Region (Hodkinson 1974, Burckhardt 1994, (68953 km2) is dominated by an Burckhardt 2005, Hollis 2004). The most equatorial climate with four seasons: two serious damage is caused by nymphs seasons of high rainfall (August– (Annecke & Cilliers 1963) or by adults November and March–July) and two dry transmitting plant diseases. Psyllids can seasons (November–March and July– cause damage to their hosts in various August). In the Center Region, the ways: the removal of large quantities of vegetation consists mainly of forest and plant sap when psyllid populations are savanah, both with rich and diverse high; the induction of leaf necrosis or vegetation. Some of the plants are used as abortive terminal buds; the deformation commercial timber or for pharmaceutical of leaves, buds or flowers including and ethnobotanical purposes. These induction of galls; the soiling of leaves, plants, in particular new growth and flowers or fruits by secreting honeydew which stimulates fungal growth; and, the Jumping plant-lice of the family Phacopteronidae 2

transmission of phytoplasmal or viral (Brown & Hodkinson, 1988; Malenovsky diseases. et al., 2007). This survey details the life The world fauna comprises currently histories of species of genus some 3000–3500 described psylloid Pseudophacopteron from Center Region of species, though this may represent less Cameroon, a genus that has recently been than half the number of existing species. revised by Malenovsky et al., (2007, Psylloids are probably most rich species 2009); providing additional information in the tropics and south temperate regions on insect faunistic and phenology of host but the fauna from these regions is only plants. incompletely known. For the Afrotropical region relatively few taxonomic studies Material and methods are available: Vondráček (1963), Capener The psyllids were sampled during a (1968, 1970, 1973), Hollis (1973, 1976, period of 24 months (January 2006 – 1984, 1987), Hollis and Broomfield December 2007) in six different localities (1989), Burckhardt and Mifsud (2003), of the Center Region of Cameroon (Table Burckhardt et al. (2006b), Aléné et al. 1). The following four sites were chosen (2007) and Malenovsky & Burckhardt for regular montly prospections: Kala, (2009). For Cameroon, very few Minkoameyos, Nkomilong and Soa. Kala comprehensive studies exist. These and Nkomilong are two mountains in include: Messi and Nguefang (1993), which the vegetation is secondary forest, Messi et al. (1998a, 1998b), Tamesse Minkoameyos is cultivated land, and Soa (2005), Tamesse et al. (2007), Malenovský is secondary forest. The other two et al. (2007), and Dzokou et al. (2009). localities namely were visited occasionally. Sixty eight psylloid species have been All localities have a similar equatorial recorded from Cameroon by Tamesse climate. (2005); thirty seven species of the family Adult psyllids were captured with a Triozidae (Tamesse et al., 2007) and sweep net of 0.5 mm mesh size and an thirty seven species of the Psyllidae from aspirator. Larvae were sampled directly the West Region of Cameroon (Dzokou et from buds and leaves of the host plant. All al. 2009). specimens were preserved in 70 % ethanol.

Table 1: List of localities in Cameroon, Center Region where psyllids were collected with altitudes and geographical coordinates.

Divisions Subdivisions Localities Altitudes Latitude Longitude Mefou & Akono Mbankomo Nkomilong 756 m 3°47’N 11°24’E Kala 756 m 3°47’N 11°24’E Mfoundi Yaounde 7 Minkoameyos 3°51’N 11°31’E Mefou & Afamba Soa Soa 725 m 3°57’N 11°36’E Lekié Okola Leboth 600 m 4°02’N 11°23’E Nyong & Kelle Eseka Di-Libellingoï 206 m 3°38’N 10°47’E Mbam-et-Kim Mbangassina Bialanguena 447 m 4°33’N 11°23’E

In this study we report the results from The damage caused by the psyllids on the regular surveys of the Phacopteronidae host plants was recorded and from the Center Region of Cameroon photographed. Plant specimens were from 2006-2007. The Phacopteronidae identified by Prof. B. Sonke (University currently comprise a small family, with a of Yaounde I) and Dr. Tadjoute botanic pan-tropical distribution and characteristic technician (National Herbarium, Yaounde). venation of the forewing: C+Sc vein Insects were examined under a straight, costal break present and distant stereomicroscope, sorted by species and from junction of R1 with costal margin, provisionally identified at the Laboratory pterostigma absent, veins Rs and M1+2 of Zoology of the Higher Teacher’s touching, cell Cu1a small or absent Training College of the University of 3 Syllabus Review Vol. 1 No. 1

Yaounde I. Representatives of most 4 males, 2 females; 25 xi 2007, 2 females; species were examined at the 30 xii 2007, 1 male. Soa: 12 ii 2007, 3 Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland, males, 3 females, 15 larvae; 24 iii 2007, were detailed taxonomic studies were 10 males, 12 females, 6 larvae; 23 iv done. A collection of dry and slide 2007, 5 males, 8 females; 31 v 2007, 5 mounted specimens as well as material males, 4 females ; 26 vi 2007, 7 males, 10 preserved in 70 % ethanol is preserved in females ; 17 vii 2007, 1 female. this institution at Yaounde. 3- Psyllid : Pseudophacopteron morion Results Malenovsky et al. During the survey 1686 specimens (726 Host plant : Santiria trimera, males, 650 females and 310 larvae) of Burseraceae. Phacopteronidae were recorded, Di-libellingoï : 1 female. Kala : 27 xi representing 11 species of the genus 2006, 3 males, 3 females, 10 larvae ; 16 ii Pseudophacopteron. Host plants of 10 2007, 4 males, 1 larva ; 27 iv 2007, 4 psyllid species were recorded; host plant females, 3 larvae ; 25 v 2007, 5 males, 6 of one psyllid species remain unknown. females ; 27 vi 2007, 2 males, 2 females ; Adults of Pseudophacopteron species 20 vii 2007, 6 males, 7 females ; 22 ix are illustrated by figure 1. 2007, 1male, 1 female ; 24 x 2007, 3 males, 3 females, 7 larvae ; 17 xi 2007, 12 Species recorded and specimens males, 5 females ; 27 xii 2007, 10 males, examined 11 females. Nkomilong : 29 viii 2006, 6 males, 4 females, 11 larvae ; 29 ix 2006, 1 1- Psyllid: Pseudophacopteron male, 1 female ; 24 x 2006, 6 males, 4 nothospondiadis Malenovsky et al. females, 1 larva ; 28 xi 2006, 11 males ; Host plant: Nothospondias staudtii, 29 xii 2006, 5 males, 1 female ; 29 i 2007, Anacardiaceae : 6 males, 7 females ; 29 iii 2007, 1 Nkomilong: 29 viii 2006, 3 males, 1 female ; 30 iv 2007, 5 males, 1 female ; female, 4 larvae; 29 ix 2006, 11 males, 7 26 v 2007, 4 males, 1 female ; 29 vi 2007, females; 24 x 2006, 2 males, 7 females, 2 males, 2 females ; 21 vii 2007, 3 males, 12 larvae; 28 xi 2006, 6 males, 9 females, 2 females, 11 larvae ; 22 viii 2007, 1 8 larvae; 29 xii 2006, 6 males, 6 females; male, 2 females ; 27 x 2007, 3 males ; 24 29 i 2007, 8 males, 7 females, 5 larvae; 19 xi 2007, 1 male ; 29 xii 2007, 9 males, 10 ii 2007, 3 males, 3 females, 6 larvae; 29 females. iii 2007, 2 males, 9 larvae; 30 iv 2007, 5 males, 4 females, 38 larvae; 26 v 2007, 3 4- Psyllid: Pseudophacopteron electum males, 4 females; 29 vi 2007, 1 male, 3 Capener. females; 21 vii 2007, 1 female; 22 viii Host plant: Ekebergia benguelensis, 2007, 2 males, 1 female. Kala: 27 vi Meliaceae. 2007, 1 male, 1 female. Kala: 1 male.

2- Psyllid: Pseudophacopteron cuniculus 5-Psyllid: Pseudophacopteron Malenovsky et al. fuscivenosum Malenovsky et al. Host plant: Blighia unijugata, Host plant: Deinbollia sp, Sapindaceae. Sapindaceae Kala: 27 xii 2006, 21 males, 16 females, Kala: 27 iv 2007, 1 male. Minkoameyos: 5 larvae; 25 i 2007, 5 males, 4 females; 26 xi 2006, 1 male; 31 iii 2007, 6 males, 5 16 ii 2007, 8 males, 3 females; 23 iii females, 1 larva; 29 iv 2007, 4 males, 4 2007, 9 males, 5 females, 2 larvae; 27 iv females; 27 v 2007, 1 female; 26 ix 2007, 2007, 5 males; 25 v 2007, 19 males, 7 Jumping plant-lice of the family Phacopteronidae 4

A B C

D E F

Fig. 1 : Adults of Pseudophacopteron species. A : P . nothospondiadis, B: P. cuniculus, C: P. sp.1, D: P. tamessei, E: P. morion, F: P. electum, G : P. pusillum, H : P. serrifer, I : P. eastopi, J : P. sp.2, K : P. fuscivenosum. G H females, 1 larva; 27 vi 2007, 11 males, 5 7-Psyllid : Pseudophacopteron eastopi females, 8 larvae; 20 vii 2007, 3 males, 3 Malenovsky et al. females ; 23 viii 2007, 12 larvae ; 22 ix Host plant: Dacryodes edulis, 2007, 3 males, 3 females ; 27 xii 2007, 1 Burseraceae. female. Bialanguena: 18 viii 2007, 4 males, 3 females. Kala: 16 ii 2007, 1 female. 6-Psyllid : Pseudophacopteron pusillum Minkoameyos: 26 i 2006, 2 males, 2 Malenovsky et al. larvae; 26 vi 2006, 1 male, 3 females; 1 ix Host plant: Dacryodes edulis, 2006, 2 males, 7 females; 30 ix 2006, 14 Burseraceae. males, 12 females; 25 x 2006, 10 males, 1 Leboth : 12 x 2007, 2 males, 3 females, 1 female; 29 xii 2006, 2 males,6 larvae; 26 i larva. Kala : 1 female. Minkoameyos : 2007, 1 male, 4 females; 18 ii 2007, 1 26 i 2006, 2 males, 1 female; 26 vi 2006,1 male, 2 females; 29 iv 2007, 1 female; 27 female ; 30 vii 2006, 1 male ; 30 ix 2006, v 2007, 1 male, 4 females; 28 vi 2007, 1 1 male ; 25 x 2006, 14 males, 9 females, 6 male, 2 females; 24 vii 2007, 4 males, 5 larvae ; 26 xi 2006, 2 females; 29 xii females; 27 viii 2007, 2 females; 26 ix 2006, 1 male, 1 male ; 18 ii 2007, 1 male; 2007, 3 males, 5 females; 31 x 2007, 4 31 iii 2007, 3 males, 2 females; 29 iv females; 25 xi 2007, 4 males, 6 females. 2007, 1 male; 27 v 2007, 1 male, 2 Nkomilong: 29 iii 2007, 1 male, 17 females; 27 viii 2007, 6 males, 7 females, larvae. Soa: 17 vii 2007, 1 female. 4 larvae; 26 ix 2007, 1 male, 1 female; 31 x 2007, 2 males, 2 females; 25 xi 2007, 3 8-Psyllid : Pseudophacopteron tamessei males, 1 female; 30 xii 2007, 1 male, 1 Malenovsky & Burckhardt. female, 1 larva. Nkomilong: 27 viii 2006, Host plant: Dacryodes edulis, 1 female. Burseraceae. Minkoameyos: 1 v 2006, 1 male, 2 females; 25 v 2006, 3 males, 2 females, 7 larvae; 26 vi 2006, 9 males, 6 females; 30 5 Syllabus Review Vol. 1 No. 1

vii 2006, 14 males, 11 females; 30 ix females; 22 viii 2007, 4 males, 4 females, 2006, 62 males, 49 females; 26 xii 2006, 17 larvae; 24 xi 2007, 1 male, 2 females. 17 males, 2 females; 31 iii 2007, 16 males, 19 females; 29 iv 2007, 2 males, 4 11-Psyllid: Pseudophacopteron sp.2 females; 27 v 2007, 11 males, 5 females; Host plant: unknown. 27 viii 2007, 11 males, 1 female; 30 xii Kala: 16 ii 2007, 1 male, 4 females; 23 iii 2007, 6 males, 5 females. 2007, 1 male, 1 female, 2 larvae; 23 viii 2007, 1 male, 2 females; 22 ix 2007, 4 9-Psyllid : Pseudophacopteron serrifer males; 17 xi 2007, 1 male, 1 female. Malenovsky & Burckhardt. Host plant: Dacryodes edulis, Discussion and conclusion Burseraceae Kala: 16 ii 2007, 1 male, 1 female; 20 vii Faunistics 2007, 2 males. Minkoameyos: 1 v 2006, In the Center Region of Cameroon 11 1 male, 5 females; 25 v 2006, 1 female; species of Phacopteronidae were recorded 30 vii 2006, 3 males, 5 females; 30 ix during a survey from January 2006 to 2006, 51 males, 48 females, 2 larvae; 26 x December 2007. Tamesse (2005) listed 8 2006, 2 males, 3 females; 26 xi 2006, 2 species of Phacopteronidae from the females, 2 larvae; 29 xii 2006, 8 males, entire territory of Cameroon known up to 10 females; 26 I 2007, 1male, 3 females; 2005. Among the 11 species collected 18 ii 2007, 4 males, 1 female; 31 iii 2007, during the present survey two species of 1 male, 8 females; 29 iv 2007, 2 males, 2 Phacopteronidae remain unnamed and 6 females; 27 v 2007, 4 males, 2 females; are reported for the first time from the 28 vi 2007,3 males, 5 females; 24 vii Center Region. 2007, 4 males, 6 females; 27 viii 2007, 11 Nine species were common, being collected males, 20 females; 26 ix 2007, 4 males, 7 at least 10 times: Pseudophacopteron females; 31 x 2007, 2 males, 2 females, 1 morion (26 times), P. serrifer (24 times), P. larva; 25 xi 2007, 4 males, 6 females; 30 eastopi (20 times), P. pusillum (19 times), xii 2007, 9 males, 10 females. Pseudophacopteron sp.1 (17 times), P. Nkomilong: 27 viii 2006, 2 males, 6 nothospondiadis and P. cuniculus (14 females; 29 ix 2006, 1 male, 1 female. times), P. fuscivenosum and P. tamessei (11 Soa: 17 vii 2007, 1 male, 1 female. times). One species was collected only once: P. electum and Pseudophacopteron sp.2 10-Psyllid: Pseudophacopteron sp.1 were each collected five times. Host plant: Fagara macrophylla, Rutaceae. Phenology Di-libellingoï: 7 vii 2007, 2 males, 3 The population of most species of females, 10 larvae. Kala: 23 iii 2007, 5 Pseudophacopteron appeared to be males, 6 females, 17 larvae; 27 iv 2007, 4 closely linked with climatic factors and males, 2 females, 3 larvae; 27 vi 2007, 2 plant phenology. From January 2006 to females; 20 vii 2007, 1 female, 1 larva ; December 2007, P. nothospondiadis was 22 ix 2007, 1 male, 7 larvae ; 24 x 2007, 2 collected 13 times at Nkomilong (Fig. 2). males, 2 females ; 17 xi 2007, 5 males, 1 Developmental stages were observed on female ; 27 xii 2007, 9 males, 6 females. its host plant, Nothospondias staudtii on Nkomilong: 19 ii 2007, 14 males, 11 most occasions. The highest number of females, 18 larvae; 29 iii 2007, 8 males, 3 individuals was noted during the rainy females; 30 iv 2007, 3 males, 1 female, season from March to May 2007, which 10 larvae; 26 v 2007, 2 males; 29 vi 2007, coincided with the production of new 2 males, 3 females; 21 vii 2007, 1 male, 2 plant growth. Jumping plant-lice of the family Phacopteronidae 6

From January 2006 to December 2007, P. Minkoameyos (Fig. 7). The highest cuniculus was collected 6 times at Soa population was observed at a single peak (Fig. 3). Development stages were in October 2006. Larvae were collected observed on its host, Blighia unijugata on only in July 2006, which coincided with most occasions. The highest number of the rainy season and production of new individuals was noted during the rainy growth. season from March to April 2007, which From January 2006 to December 2007, coincided with the production of new Pseudophacopteron tamessei was plant growth. collected 11 times at Minkoameyos (Fig. From January 2006 to December 2007, P. 8). The highest population was observed morion was collected 15 times at at a single peak in September 2006. Nkomilong (Fig. 4). Most of the time Larvae were collected only in May 2006, adults were observed on its host but the which coincided with the rainy season larvae were collected only at July and and production of new growth. August during the survey period. The From January 2006 to December 2007, highest number of individuals was noted Pseudophacopteron serrifer was collected at August 2006, July and December 2007. 19 times at Minkoameyos (Fig. 9). The The fluctuations of the population of this highest population was observed at a psyllid appeared to be influenced by single peak in September 2006. Larvae climatic factors, as during the rainy were not observed during the survey. The season, a proliferation of psyllids was highest population coincided with the noted. rainy season and production of new From January 2006 to December 2007, P. growth. fuscivenosum was collected 11 times at From January 2006 to December 2007, Kala (Fig. 5). Most of the time all Pseudophacopteron sp.1 was collected 8 developmental stages were observed on times at Nkomilong (Fig. 10). Developmental its host, Deinbolia sp. The highest stages were observed on its host plant number of individuals was noted at Fagara macrophylla on most occasions. December 2006 and May 2007, which The highest number of individuals was coincided with the production of new noted from February to May 2007 and plant growth. Table 2: List of Host families and species with associated species of Pseudophac opteron from the Center Region of Cameroon.

Host family Host plant species Species of Pseudophacopteron Burseraceae Dacryodes edulis P. eastopi, P. pusillum, P. tamessei P. serrifer Santiria trimera P. morion Anacardiaceae Nothospondias staudtii P. nothopondiadis Sapindaceae Bligia unijugata P. cuniculus Deinbollia sp P. fuscivenosum Miliaceae Ekebergia benguelensis P. electum Rutaceae Fagara macrophylla Pseudoph acopteron sp.1

From January 2006 to December 2007, P. from July to November 2007, which pusillum was collected 16 times at coincided with the production of new Minkoameyos (Fig. 6). The highest plant growth. number of individuals was noted in October 2006 and September 2007, which Host plants coincided with the rainy season and Host plants are known for 10 of the 11 production of new growth. Larvae were species reported from the Center Region collected only during these two peaks. (Table 2). From January 2006 to December 2007, P. eastopi was collected 16 times at 7 Syllabus Review Vol. 1 No. 1

50 s 35

d 45

i 30 llid l

l 40 y y s 25 35 p larvae

ps larvae

30 f 20 o

of 25 females r 15 r females e

e 20 b b 10 15 males

males m m u u 10 5 N N 5 0 0

Sampling date Sampling date

Fig. 2: Numbers of larvae, males and females of P. nothospondiadis Fig. 6: Numbers of larvae, males and females of collected at Nkomilong on Nothospondias staudtii P.pusillum collected at Minkoameyos on Dacryodes edulis.

s

30 s 30 d

i l

25 llid 25 yl y 20 larvae s ps p 20 larvae

f

of 15 females 15 r o females r e 10 e b 10 males b m 5 males m u 5 u

N 0 N 0 7 07 07 07 07 07 0 0 00 ,2 2 ,20 ,20 20 ,2 b r, r y n, l e p a Ju Ju F Ma A 6 7 4 1 M 2 1 12 2 23 3 Sampling date Sampling date

Fig. 3: Numbers of larvae, males and females of P. cuniculus collected Fig. 7: Numbers of larvae, males and females of at Soa on Blighia unijugata. P. eastopi collected at Minkoameyos on Dacryodes edulis

12 0

s 25 s d

i 10 0 l llid 20 y

yl s 80

larvae ps

p larvae

f 15 60 o females of r 10 r females e e males b 40 m mb 5 males u u 20 N N 0 0

Sampling date Sampling date

Fig. 4: numbers of larvae, males and females of P. morion collected at Fig. 8: Numbers of larvae, males and females of Nkomilong on Santiria trimera. Pseudophacopteron tamessei collected at Minkoameyos on Dacryodes edulis.

s 45 s 12 0 d i

l 40 l llid 10 0 y 35 y s 30 larvae 80 larvae ps p 25 f

o 60 of females females 20 r e er 15 40 b b 10 males males m m 20 u u 5 N N 0 0

Sampling date Sampling date

Fig. 5: Numbers of larvae, males and females of P. fucivenosum Fig. 9: Numbers of larvae, males and females of collected at Kala on Deinbolia sp Pseudophacopteron serrifer collected at Minkoameyos on Dacryodes edulis. Jumping plant-lice of the family Phacopteronidae 8

species of host plant (Fagara macrophylla). The host plants of one s

d 50 i l 45 species of psyllid remain unknown. yl 40 35 larvae ps 30 25 The larvae of P. fuscivenosum feeding on of 20 females er

b 15 10 males Deinbollia sp. provoked the appearance m

u 5 0 N of galls on the leaves (Fig. 11A). Damage caused by Pseudophacopteron sp.1 on F.

Sampling date macrophylla (Fig. 11B), P. nothospondiadis on N. staudtii (Fig. Fig. 10: Numbers of larvae, males and females of Pseudophacopteron sp.1 collected at Nkomilong on Fagara 11C), four species on Dacryodes edulis macrophylla. (Fig. 11D), and P. cuniculus on B. unijugata (Fig. 11E) was similar. The damage consists of distortion and B deformation of leaves as well as leaf rolling, and the larvae secreted a white A D waxy filament on their host plants. The larvae of P. morion (Fig.11F) live in deep C but open pit galls which leave their dorsum exposed.

B E Some of the affected plants have various economic, pharmaceutic, and ethnobotanic uses. The host plants species: B. unijugata, Deinbollia sp, N. staudtii, E. benguelensis, S. trimera are C F widely used in traditional medicine Fig. 11. A: Galls induced by larvae of Pseudophacopteron throughout tropical Africa and there is fuscivenosum on leaves of Deinbollia sp., Sapindaceae. B: Distortion and deformation induced by Pseudophacopteron interest in researching their qualities for sp.1 on leaves of Fagara macrophylla, Rutaceae. C: Distortion biochemical extracts and modern medicine and deformation induced by P. nothospondiadis on leaves of Nothospondias staudtii, Anacardiacea. D: Discolouration and (Malenovsky et al., 2007). Dacryodes. necrosis induced by larvae of P. eastopi, P. pusillum, P. edulis or safou (also known as African tamessei and P. serrifer on leaves of Dacryodes edulis, Burseraceae. E: Distortion and deformation induced by P. plum, African pear, or bush butter), is a cuniculus on leaves of Blighia unijugata, Sapindaceae. F: Pits multipurpose tree presently undergoing galls and leaves deformed induced by P. morion on Santiria trimera, Burseraceae domestication in central Africa and the countries bordering the Gulf of Guinea. Most of the species discussed here are Its fruits are an important item in local monophagous on their respective hosts. diets and are widely marketed The host plants of Phacopteronidae in the (Malenovsky et al., 2007). Center Region of Cameroon included 7 It is therefore important to pursue this species of 5 families. The family work in the other regions of Cameroon Burseraceae includes 2 species of host and to also study the taxonomy of new plants (Santiria trimera and Dacryodes species of Phacopteronidae. The study of edulis). The family of Sapindaceae the biology of these pests would be very includes 2 species of host plants (Bligia important for an integrated pest unijugata and Deinbolia sp). The family management program in Cameroon. of Anacardiaceae includes one species of host plant (Nothospondias staudtii). The Acknowledgments family of Miliaceae includes one species We thank Prof. B. Sonke (University of Yaounde I) and Dr Tadjoute (National Herbarium Yaounde) for the identification of host plant (Ekebergia benguelensis). of plants. This work was partly funded by the Swiss National The family of Rutaceae includes one Science Foundation (Research Partnership with Developing Countries, project number 3170A0-109221/1, to DB and JLT). 9 Syllabus Review Vol. 1 No. 1

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