Dargah Hazrat Sayad Ismail Shah Jelani, District Noshehro Feroze, Sindh “Disaster risk reduction has been a part of USAID’s work for decades. ……..we strive to do so in ways that better assess the threat of hazards, reduce losses, and ultimately protect and save more people during the next disaster.” Kasey Channell, Acting Director of the Disaster Response and Mitigation Division of USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disas ter Ass istance (OFDA)

PAKISTAN EMERGENCY SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

District Naushahro Feroze August 2014

“Disasters can be seen as often as predictable events, requiring forward planning which is integrated in to broader development programs.” Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, Bureau of Crisis Preven on and Recovery. Annual Report 2011

Disclaimer iMMAP Pakistan is pleased to publish this district profile. The purpose of this profile is to promote public awareness, welfare, and safety while providing community and other related stakeholders, access to vital information for enhancing their disaster mitigation and response efforts.

While iMMAP team has tried its best to provide proper source of information and ensure consistency in analyses within the given time limits; iMMAP shall not be held responsible for any inaccuracies that may be encountered. In any situation where the Official Public Records differs from the information provided in this district profile, the Official Public Records should take as precedence.

iMMAP disclaims any responsibility and makes no representations or warranties as to the quality, accuracy, content, or completeness of any information contained in this report. Final assessment of accuracy and reliability of information is the responsibility of the user.

iMMAP shall not be liable for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use or misuse of information contained in this report. The user agrees to indemnify and hold harmless iMMAP and anyone involved in storing, retrieving, or displaying this information for any damage of any type that may be caused by using this information.

The terms used and the maps presented in this profile do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP and USAID concerning the legal status and the area of any administrative unit or its authorities.

NOTE: This district profile is a live document and it will continue to improve based on its users feedback and upon availability of more accurate and authenticated sources as and when they become available. It’s not always possible to publish these profiles in hardcopy format; however iMMAP will ensure that these updates are made available on DRR Pakistan Information Management Portal. For updated version of following profile, please visit www.drrpakistan.pk/pesa.

Any questions/ comments concerning information presented in this report can be addressed to:

iMMAP Pakistan Services Desk H.# 25, College Road, F-7/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92.51.835.0755 eMail: [email protected]

Credits

iMMAP has been providing Information Management [IM] and Disaster Risk Reduction [DRR] capacity building services in Pakistan since 2010. Based on our lessons learned, while interacting with thousands of humanitarian partners and government officials, both national and international; we believe that the following are 7 basic requirements to improve Disaster Response and Management life cycle:

1. Information Management [IM] is a must for effective disaster response and monitoring; 2. Coordination among all stakeholders [both national and international] is of utmost importance to reduce redundancy and duplication in such critical situations – going beyond clusters and getting connected with local community representatives; 3. Appropriate logistic arrangements are critical for humanitarian relief and mitigation. However, it must be born in mind that logistic requirements drastically vary from disaster to disaster, based on its time, geography, and nature; 4. Disasters and Development are intimately connected. Its important that all disaster responders are aware of the long term implications of their actions of relief and early recovery; 5. It is important that we, as disaster responders, take full responsibility of self-accountability and transparency not only to the satisfaction of the government officials but the general public as well. Not-for-profit sector must be driven by a cause! 6. National, Regional, and International Public/ Private Partnerships [PPP] is the only way to implement sustainable Disaster Risk Management [DRM] measures; 7. Media must be integrated in our response efforts. This vastly helps to disseminate the right information, minimize duplication of efforts, and make all stakeholders aware of your organization’s input/activities.

Pakistan Emergency Situation Analysis [PESA] is a series of District Profiles (DP), which is developed with the above-mentioned 7 basic requirements in focus. PESA DPs are one of the most effective iMMAP IM services in Pakistan, which directly contribute to thousands of humanitarian relief providers’ effective emergency response and disaster management.

I can not conclude this note without thanking iMMAP Pakistan team that has contributed tirelessly, under extreme emergency pressure, to consistently deliver their best on time, during the 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 floods, 2013 earthquake in Balochistan, and the most recent drought emergency in Tharparkar, Sindh during 2014.

I particularly wish to express my great appreciation and thanks to my mentors, colleagues, and friends Mr. Fayyaz Ali Khan and Ms. Kathrin Lauer for their continuous feedback and reflection on the profiles quality. At many times, I parked their feedback, due to the time constraints of the service we have been trying to deliver. However, their feedback have always been valued and appreciated. Mr. Naeem Ahmad, being the M&E professional, has proven himself to be a gem for iMMAP. I also appreciate the efforts of other staff members who have been with us in the past and many new faces that joined iMMAP recently for their work with an exceptional dedication. This includes: Farooq Laghari, Qassim Jan, Sumbal Kazmi, Salman Mulk, Zohaib Fazal, Hadya Ali, Dr. Ahmad Ali Malik, Fatima Gillani, Fatima Ali, Zeeshan Ahmad, Sarfaraz Meher Din, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Muneeb Muzamil, Mahwish Muzamil, Tariq Sardar, Wajid Ali, and last but not the least Nouman Ali, our amazingly skilled graphic designer.

Mehdi Bokhari PESA Project Director

Foreword

Timely response to a disaster may save precious human lives and reduce economic costs. However, natural disasters, typically, occur unexpectedly. Consequently, in most cases, the afflicted population lacks the necessary tools and capacity to handle such tragic occurrences and the devastation is manifold more than it should be.

“Before the next disaster hits, now is the time to recommit to making smart investments that save lives, property, and money. Whether at home or abroad, measures to improve response, increase disaster management capacity, plan and prepare, can have dramatic dividends.” (Kasey Channell: Acting Director of the Disaster Response Team for USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance.) It is so true, as preparation for unexpected calamities is a tough task. However, if certain precautions are taken, they might lessen the overall damage. This series of district profiles, prepared by iMMAP and funded by USAID, is one such effort to enhance Government of Pakistan, humanitarian organizations and all other stakeholders’ efforts towards rapid needs assessment, disaster response and mitigation.

These profiles are divided into four sections namely background information, disaster history and its impact, hazard vulnerability and capacity assessment (HVCA) and coordination and support services.Background information provides an overview of history, geography, culture, and communication infrastructure. It also provides detailed analyses of demography, livelihood, food security, health and education. The second section provides detailed history of disasters in the district; information about losses and damages; and gap analyses of above mentioned sectors. HVCA section provides detailed analyses of district hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities that exist in the local community. Coordination and support services section gives information on whom to contact in emergency/disaster situations. The motivation stems from the idea that at the time of disaster all the stakeholders in general and the donors and disaster managers in particular can have a fair idea of what to expect and how to prepare for. It is expected that this contribution of USAID and iMMAP would lead to a well-coordinated and coherent response by different humanitarian organizations on managing similar disasters.

Having stated the above, it is very candidly admitted that these profiles are by no means exhaustive and in fact require a lot more input to qualify these as good enough documents for disaster preparedness. However, these are live documents and would be improved upon as and when required. There appears to be an element of repetition, which is owed to the fact that while these documents depict the district profiles in normal circumstances, the same then provide a detail account of the impact of the emergency assistance provided by the government and the humanitarian organizations and the remaining gaps. Due to time and resources constraints, the information provided in these profiles is mainly base on secondary source data. Depending on the end users’ response and funding availability, this exercise would be extended to other districts of the country.

Major (Retd) Tahir Iqbal iMMAP Pakistan Chairman

Table of Contents District at a Glance...... i Abbreviations ...... iii 1 Background Information ...... 1 1.1 Introduction...... 1 1.1.1 History 1 1.1.2 Geography 1 1.1.3 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) 1 1.1.4 Administrative Division 2 1.1.5 Road Network Infrastructure 2 1.1.6 Irrigation 3 1.1.7 Solid Waste Management 6 1.2 Demography ...... 7 1.2.1 Population Characteristics 7 1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern 8 1.2.3 Population Distribution by Age and Gender 8 1.2.4 Dependent Population 8 1.3 Livelihood ...... 11 1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income 11 1.3.2 Agriculture 12 1.3.3 Industry 13 1.3.4 Livestock 13 1.4 Food Security ...... 14 1.4.1 Availability 14 1.4.2 Access 15 1.4.3 Utilization 16 1.5 Health and Immunization ...... 17 1.5.1 Health Facilities 17 1.5.2 Immunization 17 1.6 Education ...... 19 1.6.1 Highlights 19 1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio 19 1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details 20 2 Disaster History and Its Impact ...... 23 2.1 Disaster in District ...... 23

2.1.1 Disaster History 23 2.1.2 Impact of Disaster on Demography 26 2.1.3 Impact of Disaster on Livelihood & Agriculture 26 2.1.4 Analysis of Food Security Situation 27 2.1.5 Impact of Disaster on Health 28 2.1.6 Impact of Disaster on Education 28 3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis ...... 29 3.1 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis ...... 29 3.1.1 Hazard 29 3.1.2 Vulnerability 30 3.1.3 Capacity 33 4 Sectoral DRR Mitigation Measures ...... 36 4.1.1 Education 36 4.1.2 Infrastructure 37 4.1.3 Health 37 4.1.4 Livelihood 38 4.1.5 Food 38 4.1.6 Wash 39 4.1.7 Government and Humanitarian Sector 39 5 Coordination and Support Services ...... 41 5.1 Important Contacts ...... 41 5.1.1 Departmental Focal Points 41 5.1.2 Emergency Response 41 5.1.3 List of NGOs Working in District 42 5.2 Health Facilities ...... 42

List of Tables Table 1.1-1: Administrative Division of District Naushahro Feroze 2 Table 1.1-2: Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation 3 Table 1.1-3: Irrigation by type 3 Table 1.2-1: Estimated Population of District for 2014 7 Table 1.3-1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment 11 Table 1.3-2: Land Utilization Statistics of District Naushahro Feroe (000 Hectares) 12 Table 1.3-3: Livestock in District Naushahro Feroze 13 Table 1.4-1: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops 14 Table 1.4-2: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets 15 Table 1.4-3: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water 16 Table 1.4-4: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet 16 Table 1.5-1: Number of Health Facilities by Type 17 Table 1.6-1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different levels 20 Table 2.1-1: Crop Loss and Area Damaged Due to Floods 2011 26

List of Maps 1: Reference Map ii 2: Irrigation System Map 4 3: Fresh Water Availability Map 5 4: Population Density Map 10 5: Health Facilities Map 18 6: Education Facilities Map 22 7: Risk Analysis Map 24 8: Possible Safe Location Map 25

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Abbreviations ACO Agriculture Census Organization BHU Basic Health Unit CD/GD Civil Dispensary/Government Dispensary CFW Cash For Work DCR District Census Report DDRMP District Disaster Risk Management Plan ECP Election Commission of Pakistan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GER Gross Enrolment Rate GOS Government of Sindh HH Household NADRA National Database and Registration Authority NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDP National Drainage Program NER Net Enrolment Rate NFIs Non-Food Items NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHA National Highway Authority PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics PCO Population Census Organization PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey RHC Rural Health Centre RSU Reform Support Unit SDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute SMCs School Member Committees SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission TRF Technical Resource Facility UC Union Council UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs WFP World Food Program WHO World Health Organization

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 1

1 Background Information 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 History Historically, this region has been ruled by different dynasties, including the Soomras (1024- 1351), the Summas (1335-1520), the Arghuns (1520-1650), the Kalhoras (1657-1783) and the Talpurs (1783-1843). In 1783 A.D, the Kalhoras were defeated by the Talpur dynasty and Sindh was divided, for administrative purposes, into seven parts, by the Talpur Mirs. When Britain invaded the subcontinent, General Charles Napier, a commander in the British Army, defeated the Talpur dynasty and conquered Sindh in 1843. He was appointed as the first Governor General of Sindh. The province was divided into different administrative parts and assigned to Zamindars (landlords) to collect taxes for the British government. Later on, the rulers developed these areas as urban centers. People migrated from other districts and provinces as well and started to reside here. The British Empire named these small developed areas as "Talukas". They built a network of roads, schools, dispensaries and many other civic amenities throughout the province1. After the independence of Pakistan, in 1947, this district remained neglected by the authorities. But the gradual process of development has changed this district significantly. 1.1.2 Geography District Naushahro Feroze lies in 670 48” 2’ to 680 26” 51’ east longitudes and 260 32” 45’ to 270 13” 36’ north latitudes. This district is bounded by district Khairpur on the east, district Larkana on the north, district Dadu on the west, and district Jamshoro and Shaheed Benazirabad on the south. Indus Rivers flows alongside the western boundary of the district. The climate of the district is extreme, both in winters and summers. During summers, the mean maximum temperature is 44 0C and minimum temperature is 25 0Cand during winters, the mean maximum temperature is 24 0C and minimum is 5 0C. Average precipitation is maximum in the months of July and August, reaching at 42mm. The land structure of this district comprises of plain fertile lands suitable for agriculture. Due to a well-organized canal system and proximity of Indus River, the whole district has irrigation facility resulting in the grasslands and irrigated crop lands. 1.1.3 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) Naushahro Feroze has a rich traditional Sindhi culture. Women usually wear Shalwar Qameez but quite often dress in the traditional attire, Ghaghra or Parro as well. Traditionally, women

1 Hyderabad- An Economic Overview,(2005), Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA), Hyderabad

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2 wear bangles. Men commonly wear a Shalwar Qameez distinguished by broader bottoms, and a traditional Sindhi style cap. People of this district are pre-dominantly Sindhi speaking but a significant Urdu speaking population is also residing in this district ans still others speak Seraiki, Punjabi and BAlochi. Islam is the religion of majority in this district as 96.72% of the population is Muslim followed by 2.89% Hindu community. Pakistan People’s Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) is the major political party of this district. But the Jatoi family also has significant political influence in this district. PPPP is trying their best to make in to the district’s politics but have yet to succeed. 1.1.4 Administrative Division District Naushahro Feroze has its district headquarters in Naushahro Feroze city. This district has five talukas, named: Naushahro Feroze, Bhiria, Digri, Moro, Kandiaro and Mehrabpur. It has 51 union councils and 233 mouzas (revenue village). Out of the total mouzas, 194 are rural mouzas, 3 are urban, 15 are partly urban, 7 are forests and 3 are un-populated mouzas. Table 1.1-1: Administrative Division of District Naushahro Feroze

Kanungo Number of Mouzas Patwar Circles/ Naushahro Feroze Circles/ Supervisory Partly Un- Tapas Total Rural Urban Forest Tapas urban populated Naushahro Feroze 14 97 233 194 2 27 7 3 District Naushahro Feroze 3 21 60 51 1 7 - 1 Bhiria Taluka 2 17 33 21 1 10 - 1 Moro Taluka 4 26 53 47 - 2 3 1 Kandiaro Taluka 3 17 53 46 - 3 4 - Mehrab Pur Taluka 2 16 34 29 - 5 - - Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization 1.1.5 Road Network Infrastructure Road network is considered as a vehicle for economic development and social change. Efficient road network not only develops a quick and efficient transportation system but also opens up new area hitherto remained closed. It brings about social integration among rural and urban sectors and greatly assist in accessibility to basic needs i.e. education, health facilities, etc. It brings rural areas in constant touch with urban segment of a society and creates better understanding necessary for social change and political awareness. Naushahro Feroze district covers an area of 2,945 square kilometers yet it has only 472 kilometers of good quality roads, which are grossly inadequate for the area and population2. A National Highway (N5) connects Naushahro Feroze with Hyderabad and onwards to Karachi (capital of Sindh province). The district headquarter of Naushahro Feroze is linked with its taluka headquarters of Moro and Kandiaro through metaled roads.

2 Sindh Development Statistics, (2011), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), pp.262

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 3

1.1.6 Irrigation The district has a well-established canal irrigation system. Rohri canal passes through the center of this district and irrigates the central and eastern parts of the district. Indus River passes alongside the western border of the district. As the table 1.1.2 shows, majority of the mouzas in this district are irrigated through canals. Out of the 221 rural mouzas, 201 (91%) are irrigated with the help of canals. 166 (75%) are irrigated with tube-wells and 52 (24%) are irrigated through river. Table 1.1-2: Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation

NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING SOURCE OF IRRIGATION RURAL FLOODI SPRING/ ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT POPULATED TUBEWELL ARID NG/ CANAL RIVER RAVINE STREAM MOUZAS / WELL (BARANI) TORRE / KAREZ NT Naushahro Number 221 201 52 166 - - 2 10 Feroze District Percent 100 91 24 75 1 5 Naushahro Number 58 56 17 41 - - - - Feroze Taluka Percent 100 97 29 71 Number 31 31 - 26 - - - - Bhiria Taluka Percent 100 100 84 Number 49 38 20 43 - - 2 4 Moro Taluka Percent 100 78 41 88 4 8 Kandiaro Number 49 42 15 46 - - - 6 Taluka Percent 100 86 31 94 12 Mehrab Pur Number 34 34 - 10 - - - - Taluka Percent 100 100 29 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization In the year 2008-09, 97% of the total sown area was irrigated and from this irrigated area 100% area was irrigated through canals and tube wells. From 2008-09 to 2009-10, there is 2% decrease in total sown area and there is also 3% decrease in canal irrigated area. The table below gives information regarding irrigation in the district. Table 1.1-3: Irrigation by type

Irrigation Type 2008-09 2009-10 Canal 145,198 140,893 Tube well 13,721 13,629 Total Irrigated Area 158,919 154,522 Un-Irrigated 5,521 6,345 Total Sown Area 164,440 160,867 Source: Table 4.36 Sindh Development Statistics 2011

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 4

WGS84 China Kilometers India August 20, 2014 GILGIT DISPUTED TERRITORY INDIANADMINISTERED BALTISTAN 12 PART OF PART JAMMU KASHMIR& http://www.immap.org Irrigated croplands Rainfed croplands Vegitation Grasslands Artificial areas Bare areas Water bodies KHYBER PUNJAB PAKHTUNKHWA LandCover FATA 6 SINDH 3 0 Afghanistan Taluka boundaryTaluka UC Boundary BALOCHISTAN Branch Canal Distry Minor Indus River District boundary | concerning the legal status of any country, territory,

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DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 5

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t e L MORO DADU JAMSHORO BACKGROUND INFORMATION 6

1.1.7 Solid Waste Management “Solid Waste Management (SWM) is the generation, separation, collection, transfer, transportation and disposal of waste in a way that takes into account public health, economics, conservation, aesthetics, and the environment, and is responsive to public demands.”3 Current Scenario of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Updated and proper data is not found on the current situation of Solid waste management system in the district Naushahro feroze. Likewise such other major districts of Sindh, District Naushahro froze also has no proper solid waste management system, while indiscriminate dumping and open burning of waste is a common practice. However, Taluka Municipal Administration’s (TMA) and district-level annual plan, news and such other concerned projects reports can be useful for understanding the situation of solid waste management in the concerned district. Though the urban parts of the district have waste management facilities up to some extent, rural parts are neglected in this regard. According to the official document (Financial record) of Govt. of Sindh Finance department forwarded for ‘Release of remaining 50% share (Years; 2004-05 & 2005-06) to TMA’s on account of Water supply, Sanitation and Solid waste management ‘shown as total Rs.4, 702,663 for the district Naushahro feroze. It clearly depicts the fact that either the released funds/budget for such basic public facilities including solid waste management are not invested properly for the concerned operational & management tasks, or may be the poor solid waste management situation in the concerned district is only due to the poor check and balance at TMA’s level. 4 During socio-economic survey conducted by a team of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the areas of Badin, Naushahro Feroze and Dadu it was found that; conditions of drainage and water supply were in pathetic condition and the citizens of these localities were facing problems. The team also holds a meeting with the Dadu taluka nazim, Naban Lund, and concern TMA officials. During the meeting Asian Development Bank (ADB) Gender & Market specialist Fiza Qureshi who was leading the survey assure from ADB a loan of 50 million dollars to improve water supply, sanitation, sewerage and solid waste management in concern areas including Naushahro feroze. She also added that 40 per cent of the loan would be spent for the betterment of Katchi Abadis (villages) and the remaining 60 per cent would be spent in middle class areas. It was also alleged by the team members that the loan the ADB had given last time was not spent honestly. Therefore, the bank would keep a strict check on all plans and ideas this time, as well as, schemes could only be start with the consultation of stake holders, NGOs, technical staff and citizens. The community mobilizer of the team said that the bank had

3 Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science Environ Occup Sci 2012; 1(2):129-131 4 Govt.of Sindh: Finance department; Release of remaining 50% share to TMA’s on account of Water supply, Sanitation and Solid waste management, Years;(2004-05 & 2005-06)

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 7

completed the survey in Badin, Naushahro Feroze and Khairpur, while the survey at Dadu was still in progress.5 1.2 Demography

1.2.1 Population Characteristics In Pakistan, male population is more than the female population and is among those four countries where life expectancy for female, at birth, is less than that of males6. Sex ratio in district Naushahro Feroze is 106 male per 110 females, which is equal to the ratio at the National level that is also 1067. Though there could be other possible reasons for such a difference in male to female ratio, one probable reason of this ratio could be underreporting of females during national surveys. Besides, a very high maternal mortality rate8 and poor health care at the district and provincial level9 are likely to be instrumental for this difference. District Naushahro Feroze, like majority of the other districts in Sindh, is rural by its characteristics. 82 percent of the population resides in rural areas as compared to the 18 percent that resides in the urban areas. Table 1.2-1: Estimated Population of District for 2014

AGE TOTAL RURAL URBAN GROUP (IN BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE YEARS) ALL AGES 1,407,178 735,662 671,516 1,158,232 606,708 551,523 248,946 128,954 119,992 00 -- 04 233,497 119,714 113,783 195,054 100,219 94,834 38,444 19,495 18,949 05 -- 09 238,181 127,512 110,669 197,507 106,030 91,477 40,674 21,482 19,192 10 -- 14 170,391 96,479 73,912 138,249 79,279 58,970 32,142 17,199 14,943 15 -- 19 145,039 73,668 71,371 117,860 59,869 57,991 27,179 13,799 13,380 20 -- 24 130,743 62,315 68,428 106,823 50,627 56,197 23,920 11,689 12,231 25 -- 29 108,749 56,098 52,650 89,580 46,134 43,446 19,169 9,964 9,205 30 -- 34 83,595 45,483 38,111 68,292 37,126 31,166 15,303 8,357 6,946 35 -- 39 58,289 31,450 26,839 47,537 25,648 21,888 10,752 5,802 4,950 40 -- 44 59,840 28,791 31,049 49,136 23,572 25,564 10,704 5,219 5,485 45 -- 49 48,413 24,664 23,749 40,268 20,512 19,756 8,145 4,152 3,993 50 -- 54 40,076 20,972 19,104 33,205 17,456 15,749 6,872 3,517 3,355 55 -- 59 26,379 14,420 11,959 21,473 11,803 9,670 4,906 2,618 2,289 60 -- 64 25,170 13,461 11,708 20,830 11,120 9,711 4,340 2,342 1,998 65 -- 69 13,812 7,629 6,183 11,407 6,317 5,090 2,405 1,312 1,093 70 -- 74 12,170 6,214 5,956 10,228 5,196 5,032 1,942 1,018 924 75 & ABOVE 12,833 6,789 6,044 10,783 5,800 4,983 2,049 989 1,061 Source: Estimated for 2014 population on the basis of table 4, Census 1998

5 News source; http://www.dawn.com/news/166571/dadu-adb-team-conducts-survey (Accessed on August 19, 2014) 6 A profile for District Badin: 2009, South-Asia Partnership Pakistan http://www.sappk.org/district-profiles-with- focus-on-livelihood-related-issues-0 retrieved on 05-03-2012 7 Labour Force Survey 2010-11: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 8 0.5 for Sindh, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-07: National Institute of Population Studies, Pakistan. pp. 179 9 Mean distance from hospital/dispensary is 12 km for Sindh: Pakistan Mouza Statistics, Table 15

DEMOGRAPHY 8

1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern In 1998, the total population of the district Population Growth Pattern was 1,087,571. Population of district Naushahro Feroze has an estimated10 growth 1,600,000 1,400,000 rate of 1.61% per annum, which means that 1,200,000 the population will double itself in 43.48 1,000,000

11 800,000 1,405,854 1,382,829 1,382,829 1,360,263 1,360,263 1,338,147 1,338,147

years from 1998. 45.63 percent of the 1,316,472 1,295,228 1,295,228 1,274,406 1,274,406 1,253,998 1,253,998 1,233,995 1,233,995 1,214,389 1,214,389

600,000 1,195,170 1,176,332 1,176,332 1,157,866 1,157,866 1,139,764 1,139,764 1,122,019 1,122,019 1,104,624 1,104,624 population is below 15 years of age and 2.76 1,087,571 400,000 percent is 65 years or above. The estimated 200,000 population for 2014 is 1,405,854, showing a -

29% increase in 12 years from 1998. 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1.2.3 Population Distribution by 75+ 0.5% 0.4% Age and Gender 70-74 0.4% 0.4% FEMALE 65-69 0.5% 0.4% MALE Out of the total population, 52 percent are 60-64 1.0% 0.8% 55-59 1.0% 0.8% males and 48 percent are females. Largest 50-54 1.5% 1.4% cohort of the population is 5-9 years, which 45-49 1.8% 1.7% 40-44 2.0% 2.2% decreases with 5 years interval. Total 35-39 2.2% 1.9% population in this cohort is 237,957. Except in 30-34 3.2% 2.7% 25-29 4.0% 3.7% the age groups of 20-24 and 40-44, in all the 20-24 4.4% 4.9% rest of the age groups, male population 15-19 5.2% 5.1% 10-14 6.9% 5.3% outnumbers female population. 5-9 9.1% 7.9% 1-4 8.5% 8.1% 1.2.4 Dependent Population The economically dependent population is Dependent Population percent considered to be the population that is less than 15 years and more than 65 years of age. In addition to them, widowed, and/or divorced women are also considered Labor Force dependent population. Dependent 50.63% population in the case of Naushahro Feroze district is 49.37 percent of the total Dependent population and the working population is 49.37% 50.63 percent, which shows that dependency ratio 12 in the district is 94 percent.

10 Estimated using 2010 population estimates from Gridded Population of World (GPW) 3 data set 11 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm retrieved on 05-03-2012 12 Dependency Ratio= (Population < 15 Years + Population > 65 Years)/ Population 15-65 Years

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 9

Table 1.2.2: Population Details by Taluka (Estimated 2014) Taluka Population Male Female Pop Density Sex Ratio Average HH Size Estimated HH Khandiaro 330,862 172,972 157,890 822 110 5.9 56,078 N. Feroze 328,883 171,937 156,945 485 110 5.8 56,704 Bhiria 274,985 143,760 131,225 562 110 6.1 45,079 Moro 274,305 143,405 130,900 359 110 5.3 51,756 Mehrabpur 196,820 102,896 93,924 266 110 5.8 33,934 Total 1,405,854 734,970 670,884 457 110 5.8 209,617 Source: Estimated using Table 1 of Census 1998

DEMOGRAPHY 10

WGS84 China Kilometers India August 20, 2014 GILGIT DISPUTED TERRITORY INDIANADMINISTERED 16 BALTISTAN PART OF PART JAMMU KASHMIR& http://www.immap.org KHYBER PUNJAB PAKHTUNKHWA FATA 8 Districtboundary boundary Taluka 0 -266 267- 359 360- 562 563- 822 SINDH 4 Afghanistan BALOCHISTAN | area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation 0 Arabian Sea Arabian Sea Legend Population Density (No.of Person / Sq Km) iMMAP_Pak_Naushahro Feroze Density P. Map_v01_082014 Iran Web Resources: Projection/Datum: Creation Date: Map Doc Name: USAID concerning the legal status of any country, territory, whatsoever on the part of the iMMAP, Alhasan Systems, or on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion The designations employed and the presentation of material Disclaimers: Population: Derived from table 1, district census report of itsfrontiers or boundaries. Alhassan Systems PrivateLimited: Admin boundaries Map data source(s): city or 266 K h a i r p u r K h a i r p u r MEHRABPUR 562

BHIRIA 485 S. Benazirabad FEROZE S. Benazirabad 822 NAUSHAHRO F e r o z F e r o z KANDIARO N a u s h a h r o N a u s h a h r o L a r k a n a L a r k a n a 359 MORO

8.1% 8.1% August,2014 7.9% 7.9% Shahdad Kot Shahdad Kot

FEMALE MALE 5.3% 5.3% 5.1% 5.1% 4.9% 4.9% 822 485 562 359 266 457 3.7% 3.7% J a m s h o r o J a m s h o r o NaushahroFeroze Population Density Map 2.7% 2.7% (No./Sq.Km) Pop.Density Pop.Density 2.2% 2.2% 1.9% 1.9% 1.7% 1.7% 1.4% 1.4% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% Population Density Map : 4 Sindh- D a d u 330,862 328,883 274,985 274,305 196,820 D a d u 1,405,854 Population Population 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% -0.5% -0.5% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0%

1.5% 1.5%

1.8% 1.8% 2.0% 2.0% 2.2% 2.2% 402 678 489 764 740 Area Area 3.2% 3.2% 3,074 (Sq. Km) (Sq. 4.0% 4.0% 4.4% 4.4% 5.2% 5.2% 6.9% 6.9% 8.5% 8.5% Summary of Estimated population 2013 population Estimated of Summary 9.1% 9.1% 5-9 1-4 75+ Taluka Name Taluka 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 KHANDIARO FEROZE N. BHIRIA MORO MEHRABPUR Total DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 11

1.3 Livelihood

1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income While agriculture is the main source of employment for the rural population of the district, in the urban areas of the district, people are engaged in various other economic activities like trade, services, personal business, and government and private jobs. Naushahro Feroze city is the main trading center of this district. The following table shows the number of rural mouzas reporting sources of employment in district Naushahro Feroze. Majority of the male population is associated with agriculture (in 45% of rural mouzas). While in the category of some, services sector, personal business and labor are most frequently reported sources of employment for the male population. Since district Naushahro Feroze is a rural district, where 82% of the population resides in rural areas, sources of livelihood are less diversified for the resident population and as mentioned above, Agriculture sector is the dominant employer for the population of this district. The Agriculture Census 2000 classifies rural households under three broad categories: agricultural households that operate land as owner-cultivators or tenants; livestock owners; and non- agricultural households. In district Naushahro Feroze, the share of non-agricultural households is 46% percent, while agricultural households and livestock owners constitute 25% percent and 29% percent respectively13. Given the cultural trait of Sindh and rural areas, where women actively work alongside the men, the female participation in economic activity is reasonable in this district, as 55 mouzas (25%) have reported that women are also engaged in agriculture. In the category of some, services sector and casual labor are sources of livelihood for the female population. Table 1.3-1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment

GENDER QUANTIFICATION SERVICE AGRICULTURE TRADE INDUSTRY PERSONAL OVERSEAS LABOUR BUSINESS EMPLOYEMENT MALE MOSTLY 1 99 1 - 2 1 62 SOME 184 107 85 30 134 25 138 NONE 36 15 135 191 85 195 21 FEMALE MOSTLY 3 55 - - - - 53 SOME 116 110 12 12 53 9 125 NONE 102 56 209 209 168 212 43 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization The categories under which these mouzas have reported against different livelihood sources are: • Mostly: population of 50 percent and above • Some: population between 1 percent and 50 percent

13 Arif, et al (2010), “The 2010 Flood and Poverty in Pakistan: A Preliminary District-level Analysis”, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Background Paper for Conference on the " The Environments of the Poor”, 24-26 Nov. 2010, New Delhi

LIVELIHOOD 12

• None: less than or equal to 1 percent 1.3.2 Agriculture Agriculture sector plays a significant role in the overall economic performance of Pakistan. Currently, this sector provides employment opportunities to 45% of the labor force in Pakistan. This sector provides sources of livelihood to 60% of the population in the rural areas. Agriculture contributes 21% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan14. Naushahro Feroze contributes significantly in agriculture sector of Sindh because its climate is suitable for production of various food items including the Kharif crops of maize, rice, sugarcane, cotton and the Rabi crop of wheat. In addition to these, fruit orchards are abundant in this district. Mouza statistics have reported that fruit orchards are widespread in 57% of the mouzas15. Total reported area of the district is 303,000 hectares, out of which 161,000 hectares (53%) are cultivated. Within the cultivable area, 169,000 hectares are net sown16 whereas 30,000 hectares are currently fallow lands17. The remaining 112,000 hectares of the total reported area is un-cultivated; out of which 53,000 hectares are not available for cultivation, 10,000 hectares are forests and 49,000 hectares are culturable waste18. Table 1.3-2: Land Utilization Statistics of District Naushahro Feroe (000 Hectares)

Naushahro Feroz Area Reported Area 303 Cultivated Total 161 Current Fallow 30 Net Sown 169 Un-cultivated Area Total 112 Culturable19 Waste 49 Forest 10 Not available for Cultivation 53 Source: Sindh Development Statistics 2011

14 Economic Survey of Pakistan (2013-14), Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan 15 Sindh Mouza Statistics, (2008), Agriculture Census Organization, Government of Pakistan pp.80 16 Net Area Sown means the area which has been sown at least once in a year. It will include areas under crops, fruits, vegetables etc. 17 Current Fallow means the part of the cultivated area which has not been used for cropping during the year under reference but for which the total vacant period does not exceed three crop seasons. 18 Sindh Development Statistics, (2011), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), pp. 75 19 Culturable waste means all cultivable land not actually cultivated. It should include all grazing and other land not included under forest. Sindh Development Statistics 2011, pp 81.

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 13

Area sown and production of food and cash crops in 2008-09 are reported in the Table 1.3.3. Table 1.3.3: Food and Cash Crops Cultivated in District Naushahro Feroze Type Crop Area Sown in 2008-09 Production in 2008-09 Area Sown in 2010-11 (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes) (Acres) FAO Food Wheat 100.2 376.2 - Rice 608 20.7 7,942 Cash Sugarcane 20.9 1,137.8 47,569 Cotton 36.9 186.6* 101,400 Source: Crop Area and Production by Districts for 28 Years; 2008-09 Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) *production of cotton crop is measured in bales

1.3.3 Industry Industries in Naushahro Feroze are mainly associated with agriculture. The famous among these are the sugar mills since sugarcane is cultivated on large scale in this district. In the census of manufacturing industries 2000-01, 14 industries were reported in this district with a total asset value of 794 billion rupees in that year. These industries reported a daily employment of 1,217 persons in 2000-0120. 1.3.4 Livestock Livestock sector maintains a unique position within the agriculture sector of Pakistan. It contributes about 56% to the value addition in agriculture sector of Pakistan. It also contributes 11% to the GDP of Pakistan21. Besides, this sector provides foreign earnings, dairy products’ needs, food security and daily cash income to the people of Pakistan. It helps to reduce the income inequalities, especially in case of emergencies (floods, crop failure). Hence this sector is considered as most secure source of livelihood for small farmers and landless poor. The share of Sindh province in livestock population of Pakistan is 20%. The livestock population of district Naushahro Feroze is given in the following table. Table 1.3-3: Livestock in District Naushahro Feroze

Livestock Population Cattle 334,758 Buffalo 530,530 Sheep 51,564 Goat 820,422 Camel 3,711 Horse 627 Mule 1,204 Ass 35,593 Domestic Poultry 923,006 Source: Livestock Census (2006)

20 Sindh Mouza Statistics, (2008), Agriculture Census Organization, Government of Pakistan pp. 159 21 Economic Survey of Pakistan (2013-14), Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan

FOOD SECURITY 14

1.4 Food Security Food security can be broadly divided into four components22:  Availability of food in terms of sufficient quantity available through domestic production or imports  Access to adequate resources given the socio-political and economic arrangements of the community  Utilization Refers to the body’s ability to make use of the nutrients provided. This requires clean water sanitation and health care  Stability includes an all-time access and utilization of food without any fear of losing it due to any shock (natural calamity, economic shock). This component points out to sustainability of food in an area. 1.4.1 Availability Wheat along with other crops like maize, cotton and sugarcane is produced in most of the rural mouzas of district Naushahro Feroze. Besides, vegetables and fruits are also produced in the district. As the following table shows, wheat and rice are cropped in 93% and 63% of the mouzas respectively. Wheat is dominant among food crops cultivated in this district. The table also shows that the district also produces cash crops and the overall the crop based food is surplus in the district.

Table 1.4-1: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops

ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING MAJOR CROPS WHEAT RICE COTTON SUGARCANE MAIZE PULSES ORCHARDS VEGETABLES Naushahro Feroze 218 147 195 161 73 74 126 132 District Naushahro Feroze 58 33 46 36 10 27 23 25 Taluka Bhiria Taluka 31 30 30 30 12 11 24 21 Moro Taluka 49 36 49 42 13 10 28 35 Kandiaro Taluka 46 21 36 23 25 26 21 29 Mehrab pur Taluka 34 27 34 30 13 - 30 22 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization Food availability not only depends on the obtainability of wheat but also depends on other cereals like maize etc. As far as cereal food is concerned, this district is producing surplus food for its food requirements. In addition to cereals, animal based food (meat, milk, milk products) availability is also important for total food availability, and that is also produced in surplus quantities in the district. Combining both the crop based and animal based food production, district Naushahro Ferozee is producing surplus food23.

22 Define by Food & Agriculture Organization 23 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 15

1.4.2 Access Per capita availability of food items alone is not a reliable indicator of food security. If the available food is socio-economically not accessible to the masses, it cannot make a society food secure. The income level of the households reflects access to food, capacity of consumption and even food poverty. Average monthly income of a household (HH) in this district is less than Rs.11, 000/-, which is considered as extremely low24. Child dependency (ratio between children and household members in economically active age group) is one of the limiting factors in meeting the daily needs of households and is an important indicator to measure access to food. The increased dependency ratio enhances the spending of the household on child care and food, which results in per capita reduction of socio-economic access to food. Child dependency ratio is very high in this district. The share of household expenditures on food is 61.8% of the total income in Sindh. So the inadequate level of income, high food expenditures, high child dependency and high inflation (particularly food inflation) hinders access to food25. The table below shows physical access to food in district Naushahro Feroze by providing distances of different mouzas from the wholesale markets. Average distance from the fruit and vegetable market of a mouza is 9 kilometres whereas the distance from the grain market is 8 kilometres. Such long distances impede access to food. Table 1.4-2: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets

Overall Mouzas by Distance (in Kilometres) by Facility Rural Mean Type of facility Populated Less 51 & Distance 1 - 10 11 – 25 26 – 50 Mouzas Than 1 Above (KM) Number 221 9 16 155 49 1 - Livestock Market Percent 100 7 70 22 Number 221 8 18 158 45 - - Grains Market Percent 100 8 71 20 Number 221 9 12 153 55 1 - Fruit Market Percent 100 5 69 25 Number 221 9 14 153 53 1 - Vegetable Market Percent 100 6 69 24 Number 221 8 33 150 36 2 - Govt. Procurement Centre Percent 100 15 68 16 1 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization

24 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad 25 Ibid

FOOD SECURITY 16

1.4.3 Utilization In addition to food availability and access, proper assimilation of food in the body is essential. Food utilization and stability depicts this absorption of food and its sustainability. Improved sanitation facility, clean drinking water, health infrastructure and individual health status along with female literacy play vital role in food absorption. According to Food Security Analysis (FSA) 2009, access to improved drinking water is reasonable in this district26. Table 1.4-3: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water

N. Feroze Water Delivery System Tap Water Hand Pump Motor Pump Dug Well Other Total 14 64 22 0 0 Urban 1 46 53 0 0 Rural 16 68 16 0 0 Source: PSLM 2012-13 Sanitation conditions in district Naushahro Feroze are relatively poor where only 43% of the households use flush toilets and 52% of the households have non-flush toilets. The sanitation facilities are comparatively poorer in rural areas of the district and the female literacy rate is 56% in rural areas. Table 1.4-4: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet

Flush Non-Flush No Toilet Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 98 32 43 2 62 52 0 6 5 Source: PSLM 2012-13 In a nutshell, this district has sufficient availability of food, low socio-economic access; and relatively poor food utilization environment. However, combining all the indicators of food security i.e. availability, access, utilization and stability, it can be ascertained that Naushahro Feroze is a food secure district of Pakistan.

26 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 17

1.5 Health and Immunization

1.5.1 Health Facilities According to Health Facility Assessment 2012 (HFA) by Technical Resource Facility (TRF), total health facilities in district Naushahro Feroze are 95. There are two Tehsil headquarter hospitals in district27.These health facilities are sufficient for only 34% of the estimated 2014 population of the district28. Table 1.5.1 shows the details of health facilities. Table 1.5-1: Number of Health Facilities by Type

Type Number Bed Strength Teaching Hospitals 0 0 District headquarter hospital 1 105 Tehsil headquarter hospitals 2 50 Rural health centres 12 92 Basic Health units 48 96 Govt. Rural Dispensaries 30 - MCH centres 1 - Sub health centres 1 - Grand Total 95 343 Source: Health Facility Assessment, District Naushahro Feroz 2012

1.5.2 Immunization

Immunization coverage estimates are used to monitor 60 immunization services, and to guide disease eradication 50 and elimination efforts. This indicator is the measure of the 40 30 Urban percentage of children of age 12-23 months, who have 20 Rural received all the doses of BCG vaccine, three doses of polio 10 Total & pentavalent vaccines and 1 dose of measles vaccine in a 0 BCG given year. DPT1 DPT2 DPT3 POLIO1 POLIO2 POLIO3 MEASLES In district Naushahro Feroz, around 48% pregnant women have received tetanus toxoid injections. In urban areas this percentage is 62% and in rural areas it is 37%29. Record based30 immunization data of district Naushahro Feroz shows that 34% (Male 38%: Female 29%) of the children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization. In the urban areas this percentage is 47 percent (Male 35%: Female 57%) and in the rural areas it is 32% (Male 39%: Female 40%). The corresponding graph shows the percentage of children of 12-23 months that have been immunized by the type of Antigen based on records31.

27 Health Facility Assessment, District Naushahro Feroze 2012 28 WHO Standard is 2 health facilities and 25 beds per 10,000 people. 29 Table 3.11, Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2012-13 30 Table 3.4 (b) Based on records: Children who reported having received full immunization who also have an immunization card, expressed as a percentage of all children aged 12-23 months. Also immunizations to be classed as fully immunized a child must have received: ‘BCG’, ‘DPT1’, ‘DPT2’, ‘DPT3’, ‘Polio1’, ‘Polio2’ 31 Table 3.5: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2012-13

HEALTH AND IMMUNIZATION 18 Nepal

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FEROZE NAUSHAHRO KANDIARO FEROZ Health Facilities Map Facilities Health NAUSHAHRO : 5 LARKANA Sindh- Naushahro FerozeHealth Facilities Map MORO DADU JAMSHORO JAMSHORO DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 19

1.6 Education

1.6.1 Highlights Literacy Rate (10 years and above) 60% Adult Literacy Rate (15 years and above) 57% GPI Primary 0.68 GPI Middle 1.00 GPI Secondary 0.48 GPI Higher Secondary Secondary 0.67 Population that has ever attended School 52% Male 66% Female 36% Population that has completed primary level or higher 44% Male 56% Female 30% Student Teacher Ratio 34 Primary 31 Middle 29 Secondary 39 Higher Secondary 48

Source: District Education Profile, Naushahro Feroz 2012-13 and Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13

1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio The education status is quite better in district Naushahro Feroz. The overall literacy rate (for the population of 10 years and above) is 60%; for male it is 77% and for female it is 40%. For the urban rural comparison, urban literacy rate is higher than the rural, which is 77% (male: 87% and female: 66%); whereas the rural literacy rate is 56% (male: 75% and female: 35%). Adult literacy rate (for the population of 15 years and above) is 57 %. Gross Enrollment Rate32 (GER) at the primary level in Naushahro Feroz is 79% (Male: 92%, Female: 66%), in urban community it is 98% (Male: 98%, Female: 98%) and in rural community it is 75% (Male: 90%, Female: 59%). Net Enrollment rate33 (NER) at the primary level in district Naushahro Feroz is 55% (Male: 59%, Female: 51%), in urban community it is 70% (Male: 69%, Female: 71%) and in rural community it is 52% (Male: 57%, Female: 47%). Table 1.6.1 shows details of Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Rural, Urban and Gender at different levels.

32 Total enrolment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. 33 Enrolment of the official age group for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population.

EDUCATION 20

Table 1.6-1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different levels

Urban/ Rural/ Gross Enrolment Rates Net Enrolment Rates District Gender Middle Matric Primary Middle Matric Primary Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Male 98% 73% 80% 69% 33% 27% Urban Female 98% 67% 82% 71% 33% 32% Total 98% 71% 81% 70% 33% 29% Male 90% 58% 48% 57% 19% 11% Rural Female 59% 25% 24% 47% 13% 6% Total 75% 45% 38% 52% 16% 9% Male 92% 60% 53% 59% 21% 14% Total Female 66% 34% 35% 51% 17% 11% Total 79% 49% 45% 55% 19% 12% Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13

1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details The total enrollment of students in the government schools of district Naushahro Feroz is 234,526 (Male: 141,220 and Female: 93,306). Out of a total of 6,992 teachers, 5,415 are male and 1,577 are female teachers. This illustrates that one teacher is teaching averagely 34 students. The total boys’ schools of District Naushahro Feroz are 565, and the total female schools are 334. Besides, there are 1,518 mixed gender schools. Thus, the total number of schools is 2,417 and averagely every school has an enrolment of 97 students and a teaching staff of around 334. Primary The total number of primary level schools, that are reported, is 2,179 and the total enrollment at the primary level is 156,928 (Male: 93,543 and Female: 63,385). Total number of teachers, at the primary level, is 4,984, out of which 3,920 are male and 1,064 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each primary school has an enrolment of 72 students with a teaching staff of 2. However, the student class ratio is 50 and each school has averagely around 1 class rooms. Middle There are a total of 150 middle schools reported. Total enrollment, at the middle level, is 16,141 (Boys: 8,055 and Girls: 8,086). The total number of teachers at the middle level is 555, out of which 386 are male teachers and 169 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each middle school has an enrolment of 108 students with a teaching staff of 4. However, the student class ratio is 61 and each school has averagely around 2 class rooms. Matric There are a total of 69 secondary schools. Total enrollment at the secondary level is 37,066 (Boys: 24,995 and Girls: 12,071). The total number of teachers at the secondary level is 940, out

34 District Education Profile, Naushahro Feroze 2012-13

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 21 of which male teachers are 756 and female teachers are 184. Thus, on an average, each secondary school has an enrolment of 537 students with a teaching staff of 14. However, the student class ratio is 53 and each school has averagely around 10 class rooms. Higher Secondary There are a total of 19 higher secondary schools in the district. Total enrollment at the higher secondary level is 24,391 (Boys: 14,627 and Girls: 9,764). The total number of teachers at the higher secondary level is 513, out of which male teachers are 353 and female teachers are 160. Thus, on an average, each higher secondary school has an enrolment of 1,284 students with a teaching staff of 27. However, the student class ratio is 109 and each school has averagely around 12 class rooms. Table 1.6.2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender35

Enrolment School Facilities Teachers Level Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Mixed Total Male Female Total Primary 93,543 63,385 156,928 508 267 1,404 2,179 3,920 1,064 4,984 Middle 8,055 8,086 16,141 34 48 68 150 386 169 555 Secondary 24,995 12,071 37,066 18 12 39 69 756 184 940 Higher 14,627 9,764 24,391 5 7 7 19 353 160 513 Secondary Total 141,220 93,306 234,526 565 334 1,518 2,417 5,415 1,577 6,992

35 District Education Profile, Naushahro Feroze 2012-13

EDUCATION 22 Nepal

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BHIRIA Date (August 2014) (August Date FEROZE : Education Facilities Map : Education NAUSHAHRO 6 KANDIARO FEROZ NAUSHAHRO LARKANA Sindh- Naushahro FerozeEducation FacilitiesMap MORO DADU JAMSHORO AMSHORO J DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 23

2 Disaster History and Its Impact 2.1 Disaster in District

2.1.1 Disaster History Naushahro Feroze district is one of the oldest districts of Sindh. It was hit by 2010 and 2011 rains/Riverine floods. The relative severity of floods was ranked as medium in 2010 and severe in 2011. River Indus, after receiving water from 5 of its tributary rivers, causes floods in the northern and southern parts of Sindh province. The upper region of Sindh Province comprises of the districts of Jecobabad, Shikarpur, Kashmore, Larkana and Kamber Shahdadkot on the right bank of River Indus and Ghotki, Sukkur, Khairpur, NaushahroFerozee and Shaheed Benazirabad on the left bank of River Indus. These districts on the right and left banks of River Indus are prone to severe threat when River Indus is in high flood. The districts in the lower Sindh prone to riverine flooding include Dadu, Jamshoro and Thatta on the right bank of River Indus and Tando Muhammad Khan, Matiari and Hyderabad on the left bank. The length of River Indus along the province is 750 kms long. Flood affected union councils of district Naushahro Feroze: Bhiria city , Chaheen , Dalipota , Jiando Rajper, Palano, Abad, Behlani, Bhorti, Dabhro, Ghulam Shah , Halani, Kamaldero, Khanwahan , Kotri Mohammad Kabir, Mehrabpur 02, Mohabat Dero Jagir , Unknown18, Depareja, Fatoo Balal, Gachero, Jatoi, Kahkat, Khairwah, Lalia, Manahin, Abran, Bhambhri, Dangeja, Darya Khan Mari, Masurjiwai, Mithiani, Naushahro Ferozee and Padidan.

DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 24

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d n I Sindh- D a d u D a d u J a m s h o r o J a m s h o r o DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 26

2.1.2 Impact of Disaster on Demography As mentioned above, district Naushahro Feroze was moderately hit by floods in 2010; whereas it was again severely hit in 2011 by rains/floods. After 2010 floods, the district falls under the category of medium risk districts, as declared by the PDMA Sindh36. In 2011 rains/floods, the extent of damage was not moderate at all as assessments showed that 431 villages/settlements of 51 union councils in all the 5 talukas were affected. A population of 671,499 persons was affected and there were 26 casualties and 50 injuries. In total, 31,455 houses were damaged. Geographically (all talukas and its UCs) 92% of the whole district was inundated and 44 percent of the sown area was affected due to these rains/floods. Table 2.2.1 summarizes the losses and damages of 2010 floods and 2011 rains. Table 2.1.1: Summary of Losses and Damages in Floods/Rains 2011 Attribute Figures 2011 Source Total Households 2010 216,221 Estimated Affected Households 117,525 Contingency Plan 2012 Total UCs 41 UN-OCHA UC Affected 41 Villages/Settlements Affected 3,178 Contingency Plan 2012 Total Houses Affected 118,110 PDMA Sindh Partially Damaged 30,627 Destroyed 87,483 Total Population 1,290,527 GPW3 Data Set Affected Population 705,151 UN-OCHA Male 350,540 PDMA Sindh Female 354,611 Deaths 61 Injuries 230 Total Area (acres) 826,556 PCO Total Affected Area (acres) 819,833 UN-OCHA Area Sown 180,890 FAO Crop Area Damaged 171,522

2.1.3 Impact of Disaster on Livelihood & Agriculture Along with the demographic losses, due to floods 2011, the loss to agriculture sector exacerbated the sources of livelihood for the people of this district. The following table shows the loss to agriculture sector of this district. Table 2.1-1: Crop Loss and Area Damaged Due to Floods 2011

Major Crops Area Area sown (Acre) 101,400 Cotton Area Damaged (Acre) 58,812 % 58% Area sown (Acre) 7,942 Rice Area Damaged (Acre) 1,588

36 Flood 2010, Disaster Management Apparatus in Sindh

DISTRICT NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 27

% 20% Area sown (Acre) 47,569 Sugarcane Area Damaged (Acre) 7,135 % 15% Area sown (Acre) 10,457 Other Area Damaged (Acre) 6,124 % 59% Total Area Sown 167,368 Total Area Damaged 73,660 Source: Flood Situation Update, 2011, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) As given in the table above, 58% of the cotton and 20% of rice crops were damaged along with 15% sugarcane and 59% of the other crops. 353 livestock heads died due to these floods37. 2.1.4 Analysis of Food Security Situation Since district Naushahro Feroze is agro-based, majority of the households are engaged in agriculture farming and livestock rearing activities and still others in non-agriculture activities/casual labour. Among these three types of the households, empirical studies have shown that poverty is relatively higher in the non-agriculture households, followed by livestock households and small farmers38. It has been shown in the previous section that many individuals of this flood affected district have lost their homes (31,455 houses were damaged), their crops (44% crop area damaged) and heads of livestock (353 livestock died). Due to the lack of an industrial base, the sources of income of households, situated in this severely affected district, are less diversified, with their heavy dependence on agriculture, livestock and casual labour. The deplorable social indicators i.e., large household size, poor literacy level, higher mortality rate, inadequate infrastructure with poor access to education and health facilities show the higher level of poverty and deprivation in this district. Through the destruction of roads, transport and market infrastructure, the floods had a significant negative impact on the commodity market. As a result, the functioning capacity of the markets (transporters, processors, wholesalers and retailers) decreased with upward movement of transaction costs and shortage of food commodities. This phenomenon hindered the socio-economic access of food in the district39. The losses to crops and livestock along with the poor functioning capacity of the markets reduced the expected income of the population of this district. Thus the floods and rains affected people of the district Naushahro Feroze had to face a number of key challenges to recover their livelihood, agriculture and livestock; directly affecting the food security situation.

37 Flood Situation Update, 2011, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) 38 Arif, et al (2010), “The 2010 Flood and Poverty in Pakistan: A Preliminary District-level Analysis”, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Background Paper for Conference on the " The Environments of the Poor”, 24-26 Nov. 2010, New Delhi 39 Ibid

DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 28

2.1.5 Impact of Disaster on Health Severe floods can not only cause damage to heath care infrastructure but also affect health indicators of the affected population. The 2010 floods and 2011 rains resulted in damage to the public health infrastructure in Sindh Province. District Naushahro Feroze was hit by the floods of 2010 and was also affected in 2011 rains, which deteriorated the district’s health situation. In 2010 Floods, OCHA reported that 7 dispensaries were partially damaged and were not functioning due to lack of repairs. Respiratory infections were widely reported in winter. Diseases like diarrhoea, skin diseases, suspected malaria and measles were widely reported.40 Since 2010 floods and 2011 rains, the district’s health situation remained serious and required continuous monitoring and assistance from health cluster partners. According to Pakistan Health Cluster, there was a need to strengthen malaria control program including the provision of bed nets and RDTs in all affected districts. Serious gap existed in nutrition, water and sanitation, Maternal Neonatal & Child Health (MNCH) and Lady Health Worker (LHW) coverage, immunization and health facilities’ restoration. Gaps in MNCH and LHWs coverage were not only in officially registered camps for displaced population but also for the rest of the population. Local authorities request assistance in further fumigation of affected areas as well as in distribution of mosquito nets41. 2.1.6 Impact of Disaster on Education Due to the floods/rains of 2010, 120 school facilities were damaged, out of which 30 were fully destroyed and 53 were partially damaged. 37 schools were occupied by the IDPs. Also, heavy rains affected the school going children. Due to the damages to the schools, houses and roads; education of 9,600 students was affected (Girls: 4,128, Boys: 5,472). Teachers numbering 360 were also affected. Due to the floods/rains of 2011, 64 school facilities were damaged, out of which 55 were partially damaged. 9 schools were occupied by the IDPs. Due to the damages to schools, houses and roads, education of 5,120 students was affected (Girls: 2,202, Boys: 2,918). Teachers numbering 171 were also affected42.

40OCHA- PAKISTAN FLOODS 2010 – NAUSHAHRO FEROZE DISTRICT PROFILE (Jan 2011) 41 Pakistan Health Cluster- Situation report#3-Pakistan/Floods in Sindh (22-0-11 untill 24-09—11) 42 Damage Need Assessment, Sindh-EMIS Reform c Unit, Department of Education and Literacy, Government of Sindh.

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3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis 3.1 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Prior to analyzing existing hazards; vulnerability to hazards and capacity to cope with the same of the district and its population needs to be understood. An explanation of the terms used is given under each heading, as follows: 3.1.1 Hazard A hazard is a situation which triggers disaster. But it can be also defined as: “A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the Loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”43 A hazard is a situation that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. Hazards can be divided into two categories.

Natural Hazard Natural hazards are natural processes or phenomena within the earth system that may constitute a damaging event. For example typhoons, tsunamis, earthquake and volcanic eruption cyclones, earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms are natural hazards.

Man-made Hazard Any industrial, nuclear, or transportation accident, explosion, power failure, resource shortage, or other condition, resulting from man-made causes, which threaten or cause damage to property, human suffering, hardship or loss of life constitute ‘Man-made Hazard. Hazard Matrix of District Hazard Frequency Area affected/union Severity/Force Year councils Riverine Floods Monsoon Western Talukas High 1973, 1976, 2010 Rain floods Monsoon Entire district High 2011,2012 Epidemics Seasonal Entire district low Every year Earthquakes Rare Entire district low --- Accidents/ fires Frequently Entire district Low Through out

43 “Urban Governance and Community Resilience Guides”, (2010), Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 30

3.1.2 Vulnerability Vulnerability is a situation which is: “The attributes and circumstances of a community or system that makes it sensitive, vulnerable or susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard44” Vulnerability precedes disasters, contribute to their severity, hinder and obstruct the disaster response. It is divided into three parts:

Physical/Material Vulnerability Weakness of the built environment and lack of access to physical and material resources i.e. living in hazard prone areas or in unsafe buildings, lack of savings, insurance and assets constitutes physical/material vulnerability.

Social/Organizational Vulnerability Social/Organizational Vulnerability refers to inequality in social systems that discriminate against and marginalize certain groups of people from accessing resources and services. People who have been marginalized in social, economic or political terms are vulnerable to disasters. Weakness in social and organizational areas may also cause disasters e.g. deep division can lead to conflict and war. Conflict over resources due to poverty can also lead to violence.

Attitudinal/Motivational Vulnerability Existence of fatalistic myths and religious beliefs influence people’s vulnerability to disaster risks. If people believe that disasters are ‘acts of God’ and if they have low confidence in their ability to affect change or have ‘lost heart’ and feel defeated by events they cannot control, these people are often harder hit by disasters.

44 Participant’s Course Workbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)

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Vulnerability Matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational According to 1998 census, total population of the district Naushahro District Naushahro feroze is feroze was 1,087,571 while its vulnerable to riverine floods and estimated population for the year heavy rainfalls. River Indus flows in There is lack of training, appropriate 2014 is 1,405,854. The district has the west of the district and makes skills and awareness on disaster risk an estimated46 growth rate of 2.17% the district vulnerable against flood management, both at the per annum, which means that the hazard. In 2010 flood45, 10,000 community and the public servants’ population will double itself in 32.26 households of the 10 union councils level. Skills to handle emergencies years47 from 1998. Such rapid were affected. 148,000 people were are very weak and need to be growth in population gives birth to affected in this super flood. This strengthened. many socio-economic problems and district is also affected by makes the area vulnerable to rain/floods of 2011 and 2012. different natural and made-made hazards. Disasters are rooted in Like majority of the other districts in Reactive approach prevails in the development failures e.g. unsafe Sindh, district Naushahro feroze is district i.e., government and all buildings that could not withstand rural by its characteristics. 82 per other stakeholders come into action heavy rains, floods, earthquakes cent of the population resides in when disaster occurs rather the and results in disasters. In rural area as compared to the 18 need is for proactive approach Naushahro feroze district, 37.41 per per cent that resides in the urban (disaster risk reduction) where cent people use wood/bamboo areas. Most people in rural areas actions are taken in advance of the material for roof construction. This lack job opportunities, health and disaster. Therefore, gravity of the percentage is higher in rural areas educational facilities which escalate situation demands for a paradigm (43.67 per cent) as compared to the risk against different hazards. shift from reactive approach to (6.88 per cent)48 urban areas. [Floods, rains etc.] proactive one. Dependent population (the population that is less than 15 years Floods and heavy rainfalls have and more than 65 years of age damaged and weakened, the including widows and divorced protection Bund (linear levees along women) in the case of Naushahro rivers and ring levees around cities), Advocacy seminars and awareness feroze district is 48 per cent of the in the west of the district raising campaigns regarding disaster total population and the working Naushahro feroze. There is no risk reduction are very limited. population is 52 per cent, which proper monitoring system for the shows that dependency ratio49 in maintenance of these vulnerable the district is 94 per cent, which is points of the protection Bund. very high and as such makes the population highly vulnerable There are settlements in the The status of education is quite poor Land use planning and wise district, which are situated in the in Naushahro feroze district. The management of land are rarely low lying risk areas. These are the overall illiteracy rate (for the followed by the people of the areas which are exposed and population of 10 years and above) is district. People prefer to live near sensitive to regular occurring of 40%; for male it is 23% and for river side for agriculture purposes, floods. female it is 60 % while Adult which is mostly in low lying areas

45 UNOCHA, Pakistan Floods 2011, Naushahro feroze District Profile, Jan 2011 46 Estimated using 2010 population estimates from Gridded Population of World (GPW) 3 data set 47 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm retrieved on 05-03-2012 6 Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM), 2012-13 49 Dependency Ratio= (Population < 15 Years + Population > 65 Years)/ Population 15-65 Years

HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 32

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational illiteracy rate (15 years and above) is that receive the heaviest damage. 43 %. Illiterate people cannot be easily mobilized and made aware of the different disasters’ risks. In rural areas of the district, women Early Warning systems, in Pakistan, Risk assessment is the process of are marginalised in disaster risk lack the basic capacities of hazard identification, analysis and reduction process because of social, equipment, skills and resources. determination of appropriate ways economic, biological and physical Similarly, early warning system for to control these hazards. At the differences. Disaster impacts the floods in the district is not up to district level, there is a deficiency in women and men differently, even the mark. Monitoring stations from risk assessment of disaster prone within the same household. Women the agriculture department, in areas. Vulnerability map (used to have less social, economic and some instances, were unable to identify vulnerable locations) of the political power and are not take measurements and report district is also not available. represented in formal leadership them, timely. structures. In whole district, piped water is available to only 14 per cent of the There is lack of Community Based housing units. Even in urban areas Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRM) of the district, pipe water is projects in the vulnerable areas of available to only one per cent of the the district. Focus of the different households50. By drinking unsafe organizations working in the area is and contaminated water people towards relief side. gets vulnerable to hepatitis and other water born disease. Non-structural mitigation measures Livelihoods of the people are not which include trainings, workshops, sustainable that is it can’t cope with seminars, land use planning and and recover from stress and shocks building codes etc. are not properly and when disaster strikes; these implemented by the concerned livelihoods collapse. As a result poor departments in the district which people get poorer and fall under makes the people vulnerable to the poverty line. different hazards e.g, floods, earthquakes etc. Poverty, disasters, and vulnerability are interlinked as it has been According to an initial assessment observed that, during disasters, by the district education majority of the affected population department (2010-11) about 257 are the poor of the community. The schools are fully affected. Schools incidence of poverty has increased affected due to Internally Displaced as floods/rains have reduced income Persons (IDPs) are 53 while 143 are level of the households by damaging rain affected schools.51 Most of the their assets and sources of income affected schools are not and thus have aggravated the rehabilitated up till now and are household poverty. In many vulnerable to upcoming disasters. households there is just one earning person with many dependents.

50 Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM), 2012-13 51 Flood report on educational sector of Sindh province, 2010-11, Reform Support Unit, Department of Education & Literacy, Government Of Sindh, pp. 48

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Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational There are no Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) and Emergency Response Committees (ERTs) in the Sanitation conditions in district vulnerable communities of the Naushahro feroze are relatively district. DMCs and ERTs have poor where only 43% of the representation from vulnerable households use flush toilets and communities’ which includes ex- 56% of the households have non- counsellor, religious leaders, union flush toilets52. The sanitation council sectary, youth, farmer’s facilities are comparatively worse in representation etc. DMC and ERT rural areas of the district. members are trained (on DRR and first aid etc.) and are first responder to any emergency situation.

3.1.3 Capacity Capacities are resources, means and strengths, which exist in households and communities and which enable them to cope with, withstand, prepare for, prevent, mitigate or quickly recover from a disaster. The combination of all the strengths attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals constitute its capacity to cope with hazards53.

Physical/Material Capacity In most disasters, people suffer their greatest losses in the physical and material realm. Access to physical/material things or objects count as physical capacity. A few examples of physical and material resources are cash, food, land, properties and tools.

Social /Organizational Capacity When everything physical is destroyed, people still has their skills, experiences and knowledge; they have family and social networks. They have leaders and systems for making decisions. They also have local, collective ‘wisdom’ reflected in their cultural practices that help them reduce or cope with disaster risks.

Attitudinal/Motivational Capacity People also have positive attitudes and strong motivations such as the will to survive and willingness to help each other.

52 Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13, pp. 435 53 Participant’s Course Workbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)

HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 34

Capacity Matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Naushahro feroze contributes The overall literacy rate56 (for the Advocacy seminars and trainings significantly in agriculture sector population of 10 years and above) regarding disaster risk reduction (DRR) of Sindh because its climate is is 60 %; for males it is 77 and for are very limited but are initiated by suitable for production of various females it is 40 % while Adult different NGOs for the mobilization of food items e.g, maize, rice, literacy rate (15 years and above) is vulnerable communities against their sugarcane, cotton, wheat etc. 57 %. For the urban rural hazards (floods, rainfalls etc.). Wheat and rice are cropped in comparison, urban literacy rate is 93% and 63% of the mouzas higher than the rural, which is 74%. respectively while cotton and Literate people can easily be sugarcane are cropped in 83% mobilized and made aware of the and 69% of the mouzas54. Total different disaster risks. reported area of the district is 302,000 hectares, out of which 189,000 hectares (62%) are cultivated55. The total health facilities in District Disaster Management Youth of the district is very energetic district Naushahro feroze are 95. Authority (DDMA) of Naushahro and know their responsibilities. In any There are three hospitals57, feroze has been established in the kind of emergencies they move twelve Rural health centres DCO’s office on a temporary basis. forward to help the needy people. (RHCs), forty eight Basic Health DDMA formulates disaster plan for Units (BHUs), one MCH centre, the district and assigns roles and thirty general dispensaries (GD) responsibilities to the local district and one sub health centre. These departments. DDMA carry out health facilities provide health emergency response and relief services both in rural and urban activities in the affected areas. areas of the district, not only as a routine but also in extreme circumstances. The total number of schools in After the 2010, 2011 and 2012 Indigenous knowledge of the local the district is 2,476. Out of which floods, different NGOs /INGOs have communities is a great asset not only 2,222 are primary schools, 35 are focused their attentions on shelter, for the vulnerable communities but elementary, 154 middle, 48 wash, and livelihood activities. also for the humanitarian secondary and 17 are higher These organizations include USAID, organizations. Humanitarian secondary schools58. These school WHO, Oxfam GB, NCHD, RDF and Organizations do consider suggestions buildings are also used as shelter World Food Organization (WFO) from local communities and and evacuation centres in etc.59They provide funds and relief incorporate those in their policies. emergency. stuff to the affected people, to enable them to stand on their own. District Naushahro feroze has an Community organizations are In post flood activities, Psycho-Social efficient canal irrigation system formed by NGOs in the affected problems of the people (especially

54 Mouzas Development Statistics of Sindh,2008, Agriculture Census Organization 55 Sindh Development Statistics, , (2011), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), pp. 80 56 Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey, 2012-13 57 Health facility assessment, Sindh, district Naushahro feroze, pp. 63 58 District Education Profile, Naushahro feroze,2010-11 59 UNOCHA, Pakistan Floods 2011, Naushahro feroze District Profile, Jan 2011, www.pakresponse.info, retrieved on 3/27/2013

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Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational which helps in agriculture areas to encourage the local children and women) were addressed productivity. Out of a total of 233 representation. Active people from by the psychologists, hired by different mouzas, 201 are irrigated by the community are part of these organizations. Religious scholars canal irrigation system while 166 organizations which facilitate the (Ulemas) also contribute their part by mousaz are irrigated by tube humanitarian organization work at counselling flood affected people. wells60. the grass root level. Road network is considered as a Law Enforcement Agencies are vehicle for economic important stakeholders in relief development. The district is well- activities. Jawans (Soldiers) of connected with other districts Pakistan Army assist the affected through good quality roads. Total communities directly and help good quality roads length is 472 them in evacuation, by providing kilometres in this district61. These transport facilities. Army doctors roads can be used as evacuation provide medicines and other health point in flood disaster. Good facilities to the affected people roads are also helpful in carrying especially to the children and out relief activities. women. Forests help in protection of soil, improve environment by controlling pollution and cause rainfall. Total forest area of the Sindh Province is 1,037,571.36 hectares (2006-07) out of which district Naushahro feroze shares an area of 10,273.84 hectares62. The increased protection of forests could lead to a decrease in the severity of floods.

60 Mouzas Development Statistics of Sindh,2008, Agriculture Census Organization 61 Sindh Development Statistics, (2011), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), pp. 262 62 Ibid, pp. 148

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4 Sectoral DRR Mitigation

Measures 4.1.1 Education  The NGOs should work on awareness building programs for encouraging enrolment in schools, by incorporating teachers, students and youth in their community based programs. Increased enrolment would lead to enhanced literacy and literate people can easily be mobilized and made aware of the different disaster risks.  NGOs working in the education sector should organize community-based programs that provide girls with opportunities to develop their skills (i.e., livelihood skills), providing information to parents about their children’s learning or about the benefits of education.  Affected or damaged schools should be repaired and reconstructed on priority basis with DRR principles in view.  Government should introduce disaster risk reduction courses for teachers’ training and should add DRR in the curriculum to support large-scale awareness.  Local Philanthropists should be encouraged to take initiative to raise an emergency fund for immediate repair of infrastructure, support to affected poor students and parents after any disaster.  Government should introduce a ‘School Safety policy’ taking all locally relevant hazards into account and adopting DRR measure for the existing schools and construction of new schools.  From pre-school to secondary school, Integrate DRR trainings into the formal and non- formal education curricula.  NGOs and other organizations working in the education sector should organize workshops to provide teachers with training on disaster preparedness and early warning signs.  Education department should produce support materials linked with disaster risk reduction for teaching and learning.  The Government and NGOs should invest in DRR sector and should corporate DRR measures in improving school buildings as these can be used as shelter and evacuation centres in case of emergency.  Incorporate disaster risk reduction measures i.e, ensure their suitable location and construction while establishing new schools in order to avoid future hazard threats.

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 Humanitarian organizations should take on board the District Education Department and should provide trainings and necessary skills to the education officials to enable them to prepare School Based Disaster Risk Management Plans (SBDRM-Plan) for each school in the district.

4.1.2 Infrastructure  Awareness programs should be organized by District Disaster Management Authority about the need of land use planning and building codes so that it can be followed by all the stakeholders, to avoid future threats.  The Communication and Works department should utilize the available funds on the maintenance of roads and find alternative routes that can be used in case of emergency.  Active people from the community can be used for disseminating early warning for the local endangered communities because people have lot of trust in informal and locally influential sources of information; e.g. a religious leaders, a teachers, an NGO worker or a local government official. But firstly these active people should also be trained on EWS.  Organizations that are involved in construction of homes, health, education and other facilities should work with the government to establish and strictly enforce strict construction codes so that of future threats can be mitigated.  DRR Planners, District and Provincial authorities should identify safe land and location for low income citizens who are living near the flood prone areas.  Awareness regarding investment in the DRR sector should be initiated in order to avoid future threats.

 Brick lining projects should be initiated by the government for strengthening the canals.

 Radio can be a very important part of early warning system but care should be taken while transmitting early warnings. It should be in clear words and confirmed through reliable sources to avoid false reports and unnecessary panic.

 Media in district Naushahro Feroz should expand its role as a watchdog in monitoring and handling of donations in the post disaster phase so that the funds are given to the affected people of the district rather than self interest groups.

4.1.3 Health  NGOs should encourage the community participation in the awareness sessions, programs and trainings, related to water treatment practices and hygiene practices which will capacitate the vulnerable communities of the area against the communicable diseases.

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 Health department should take care of establishment of health facilities focused on certain population. All the health related issues should be dealt by them. But the responsibilities have to be identified.  Health facilities should be located on higher grounds along or near good roads and adequate means of transportation readily accessible to the community.  A logistic system should be put in place for determining the requirement of medicine, maintaining an inventory, storing and stocking, issuing and controlling the use of medicine, stockpile of emergency medicine and supplies, special arrangement with vendors and suppliers for emergency purchases in time of disaster.  Advocacy seminars should be organized at district level for the training of medical staff to implement National Health Programs.  DDMA should assign the responsibilities of health department to ensure the availability of medical and paramedical personal in hospital, BHU’s, MCHC, and RHC’s. Moreover, mobile health teams should be mobilized so that the health facilitators can visit the local areas to provide basic health care especially for the vulnerable group such as people with disabilities, elderly persons, children, females and those who hesitate to go to the hospitals because of cultural constraint and long distance.

4.1.4 Livelihood  Fodder stocks should be maintained by the livestock department of the district to cope with emergencies.  Livestock owners should be encouraged to insure their cattle heads.  Capacity can be built through awareness programs on livelihood diversification.  Flood control and salinity control projects can be conceived to make more land available for cultivation  NGO’s should organize advocacy seminars, trainings and awareness sessions for improved agricultural practices by incorporating CBOs’ chairmen and presidents as they have great influence over the community members.  Irrigation department should carry out hydraulic studies so that flooding can be avoided and find out catchment areas and water courses for surface run off.

4.1.5 Food  Number of Food distribution point should be established in the emergency hit area and should be easily accessible to most of the needy population.  For extremely vulnerable groups such as elderly persons, people with disabilities, female and children, separate desk and queues at food distribution point should be established so that they do not suffer difficulties in attaining food

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 Civil administration should look after the availability of food.

4.1.6 Wash  Innovative approaches are required to ensure the availability of low-cost, simple, and locally acceptable water and sanitation interventions. Integrating these approaches into existing social institutions such as schools, markets, and health facilities is required.  Municipal workers should monitor the quality of water and should distribute chlorine tablets for water purification in order to avoid diseases like cholera and hepatitis etc.  DRR measures should be incorporated in the construction of sewerage system in order to minimize the possibility of over flowing of sewage water in rainy days and to mitigate the hygiene issues.

 NGOs in district Naushahro Feroz should install raised hand pumps to maintain adequate access to water supplies in the event of a flood.

 Waste Water treatment projects should be initiated in district Naushahro Feroz to avoid deterioration of aquatic environment.

4.1.7 Government and Humanitarian Sector  District Disaster Management Authority should coordinate with the NGOs working in different sectors to address the problems of people. The NGOs working on different projects can be invited and can be asked for initiation of DRR projects in the vulnerable areas of the district.  Coordination among key stakeholders should be strengthened for the implementation of disaster risk reduction measures and effective emergency response through assignment of responsibility to each stakeholder. Stakeholders must have joint meetings to address the issues faced by them.  District Disaster Management Authority should appeals for assistance through media at the national and international level.  NGOs should follow the bottom up approach for the initiation of any CBDRM project. The bottom-up approach implies that whole process should start at the community level. Community members should invite to participate in every step of the planning process. It will give a sense of ownership to the community who in turn constructively contribute to achieve project objectives.  District Disaster Management Authority and NGOs should employ the requisite staff who have a combination of practical experience and up to date theoretical knowledge related to Disaster Management and Sustainable development (Disaster Managers,

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Rescue and Relief providers etc.), should stockpile equipment (Boats, Jackets, medicine, food etc.) to build institutional capacity at the district level.

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5 Coordination and Support Services 5.1 Important Contacts

5.1.1 Departmental Focal Points Telephone Numbers S# Department Office In charge Designation Office Mobile Mr. Mirza Nasir Ali DC 0242-448348 1 Administration Mr. Safdar Ali Bugio ADC1 0242-448236 Mr. Iltaf Gohar Memon ADC2 0242-448970 2 Police Syed Imdad Ali Shah SSP 0242-448778 3 HESCO Abdul Ghaffar Sheikh XEN-SEPCO 0242-448224 District 4 Accounts Mohammad Ali Panhwar Accounts 0242-448690 Officer Assistant 5 Agriculture Ali Nawar Channar 0242-481240 Director 6 Irrigation Mr. Imtiaz Ahmad EXEN 0242-410457 Dr. Deen Muhammad District Health 7 Health 0242-448778 0300-3205110 Khoso Officer District 8 Education Mr.Ghulam Rasool Kerio Educaion 0242-448910 0303-8166891 Officer 9 Social Welfare 0242-448456 Source: DC office Naushahro Feroze

5.1.2 Emergency Response S.No Name or Organizations Office Contact 1 Edhi Ambulance 0242 - 448 221 2 Natural Gas Complaint 1199 3 Electricity Complaint 118 4 Police Emergency 15 5 Telephone (Complaint) 1218 6 Telephone Enquiry 1217 7 PIA Flight enquiry 114 8 TCS Courier 0242 481383

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5.1.3 List of NGOs Working in District S.No Name or Organizations Office Contact 1 Edhi Ambulance 0242 - 448 221 2 Natural Gas Complaint 1199 3 Electricity Complaint 118 4 Police Emergency 15 5 Telephone (Complaint) 1218 6 Telephone Enquiry 1217 7 PIA Flight enquiry 114 8 TCS Courier 0242 481383 Source: www.himpakistan.pk 5.2 Health Facilities List of health facilities are provided by WHO for 2010 Taluka Union Council Health Facility Name HF Type Bhiria Bhiria RHC Bhiria RURAL HEALTH CENTRE Bhiria Kot Bahadur BHU Saeed Khan Otho BASIC HEALTH UNIT Bhiria Khai Qasim BHU Kundha Khai BASIC HEALTH UNIT Bhiria Dalipota BHU Dalipota BASIC HEALTH UNIT Bhiria Kot Bahadur BHU Dali BASIC HEALTH UNIT Bhiria Ghair Geju BHU Ghair Geju BASIC HEALTH UNIT Bhiria Tharushah BHU Pathano BASIC HEALTH UNIT Bhiria Dalepota Govt.Disp.Khud Bux Siyal DISPENSARY Bhiria Khai Qasim Govt.Disp.Kero Memon DISPENSARY Bhiria Ghair Geju Govt.Disp.Kero Memon DISPENSARY Kandiaro Kamal Dero RHC Kamal Dero Rural Health Centre Kandiaro Darbhro RHC Darbelo Rural Health Centre Kandiaro Abad BHU SoomarChannar BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro Dabhro BHU Moledino Larik BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro Dahro BHU Manjuth BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro Jam Noorullah BHU Mahmood Chandio BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro M.Dero Jatoi BHU M.Dero Jatoi BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro Abad BHU Kot Shah BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro Jam Noorullah BHU Fazal Sahito BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro Shanghra BHU Bozidpur BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro Dabhro BHU Bhority BASIC HEALTH UNIT Kandiaro Dashro Govt.Disp.Uomrowjam DISPENSARY Kandiaro Khan Wahan Govt.Disp.Koro Khan Khushk DISPENSARY Kandiaro Kamal Dero Govt.Disp.Hamroo DISPENSARY Mehrabpur Mehrabpur-I RHC Mehrabpur Rural Health Centre Mehrabpur Halani RHC Halani Rural Health Centre Mehrabpur Behlani BHU Ali Shair Chang BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mehrabpur Saeedpur BHU Saeed Pur BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mehrabpur Jaindo Rajper BHU Moli Dino Rajper BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mehrabpur Lakha Road BHU Lakha Road BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mehrabpur Jaindo Rajper BHU Jiando Rajper BASIC HEALTH UNIT Mehrabpur Jaindo Rajper Govt.Disp.Qasimabad DISPENSARY

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Taluka Union Council Health Facility Name HF Type Mehrabpur Mehrabpur-II Govt.Disp.Newtown Mehrabpur DISPENSARY Mehrabpur Jaindo Rajper Govt. Disp. Hote Khan Jalbani DISPENSARY Moro New Jatoi RHC New Jatoi Rural Health Centre Moro Khairwah RHC Khairwah Rural Health Centre Moro Kahkot RHC Sonhri Form Rural Health Centre Moro Ghachero BHU Raheem Chand BASIC HEALTH UNIT Moro Khairwah BHU Qamardin Chandio BASIC HEALTH UNIT Moro Ghachero Old BHU Malo Ismail Bughio BASIC HEALTH UNIT Moro Fatoo Balal BHU Fatoo Bilal BASIC HEALTH UNIT Moro New Jatoi BHU Diloo Shah BASIC HEALTH UNIT Moro Deparja BHU Deparja BASIC HEALTH UNIT Moro Khairwah Govt:Disp"Lahino Fakir DISPENSARY Moro Manahi Govt.Disp.Sadhooja DISPENSARY Moro Ghachero Govt.Disp.Gachero DISPENSARY Moro Fatoo Balal Govt.Disp.Ahmdani Laghari DISPENSARY Moro New Jatoi Govt. Disp.Late Nagar Chandio DISPENSARY Naushahro Feroze Paidan RHC Paidan Rural Health Centre Naushahro Feroze Mithiani RHC Mithiani Rural Health Centre Naushahro Feroze D.K.Mori RHC D.K Mori Rural Health Centre

Naushahro Feroze Bhambari BHU Miran Pur BASIC HEALTH UNIT Naushahro Feroze Bhambhri BHU Kamil Rajper BASIC HEALTH UNIT Naushahro Feroze NausharoFerzo BHU Baig Mohammad Panhwar BASIC HEALTH UNIT Naushahro Feroze Dangige BHU Dangige BASIC HEALTH UNIT Naushahro Feroze Dageja Govt.Disp:Rahmatullah Rajpar DISPENSARY Naushahro Feroze D.K.Mori Govt.Disp.Molvi Abdul Rehman DISPENSARY Khaskheli Naushahro Feroze Dalepota Govt.Disp.Lutufullah Panhwar DISPENSARY Naushahro Feroze Padian Govt.Disp.Khuhi Jalal DISPENSARY Naushahro Feroze Bahmbhri Govt.Disp.Gul Khan DISPENSARY Naushahro Feroze NausharoFerzo Govt.Disp.Dhagano Khan Chandio DISPENSARY