CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 165 3 - - and Roziati Zainuddin 2 , Salimah Mokhtar 1* ABSTRACT [email protected] INTRODUCTION Siew Siew Hock Ow Deaf Deaf Community in Teaching Teaching and learning resources, Deaf community, Malay t present, there are more than 26,500 deaf people in Malaysia whose main mode of communication with other hearing people eafness is the result of damage to any part of the e ear. degree of hearing loss depends on the severity of that damage. e causes of A Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Department of Information Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Department of ArtificialIntelligence,Faculty of Computer Science andInformation state of Penang (Malaysian Federation of the Deaf, 2001). Facilities for the for Facilities 2001). Deaf, the of Federation (Malaysian Penang of state deaf specificallycommunity, the teaching aids, are still lacking and need to us, be a looked was project into. initiated to that study the resources (e.g.; mumps or meningitis), drugs (e.g.; aspirin in high doses or antibio- head serious noise, loud to exposure frequent aminoglycosides), called tics which people older in hearing of deterioration (progressive aging injuryor with communicate to way only e partnatural a is process). aging the of only is there Malaysia, In language. sign via is group hearing-impaired this one proper deaf school, the School Federation of the Deaf, located in the D hearing loss vary from person to person and are related to the individual’s circumstances. It could be caused by many factors which include diseases teaching materials for the deaf community to are required help bridge the communication gap between them and the hearing community. Key words: sia. is via the Malaysian . ere is a lack of teaching Language. and ere is learnvia Sign the Malaysian ing aids to assist the deaf community in the learning process as well as for those who are interested to learn . is reviews some paperof the teaching and learning resources that are available for developing and publishing in efforts More Malaysia. in community deaf the *Corresponding author. *Corresponding E-mail: author. A Review on the and Learning Teaching Resources for the 1 University of Malaya, Technology, 50603 Kuala Malaysia Lumpur, 2 University of Malaya, Technology, 50603 Kuala Malaysia Lumpur, 3 University of Malaya, Technology, 50603 Kuala Malaysia Lumpur, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL - 34 674 273 764 725 Total 2,436 1,958 1,727 1,681 1,359 1,352 1,288 1,171 1,137 1,113 17,692 2007 - - - - 6 2 6 4 2 3 5 81 15 11 10 145 Others ------3 2 1 1 337 Non- 1,685 1,341 Bumis Muslim Muslim ------3 1 2 Bumis Muslim Muslim Races - - - 2 1 3 97 63 31 68 257 346 175 250 123 1,416 Indian 13 36 13 13 11 201 233 111 679 560 579 680 672 627 154 4,582 Chinese - 17 462 423 526 255 958 745 350 534 939 9,861 1,122 1,074 1,419 1,037 Malay DEAF COMMUNITY IN MALAYSIA State ased on the data compiled by the Social Welfare Department Malaysia Malaysia Department Welfare Social the by compiled data the on ased (SWDM), there were 17,692 registered hearing-impaired in Malay WP Labuan Total Negeri Negeri Sembilan Malacca Pahang Perlis Sabah Penang Kedah Terengganu Kelantan Selangor Perak WP Kuala Lumpur Sarawak Johor Source: Social Welfare Source: Department Social Welfare Malaysia, 2002. Table 1: Registered Table Deaf in Population Malaysia (2000). 21,981 (Hari Orang Pekak disambut hari ini, 2003). In late 2004, this reached 23,000 andreported in had 2006, it is atfigure 26,500 (Bridging the gap for the deaf, 2006). As registration is not mandatory, the actual number could possibly be over 26,500. B sia in 2000 (e-pek@k, 2002). e distribution of the deaf population in Malaysia, according to state and race, is shown in 1. Table It is obvious that the deaf population is on the rise. By the end of 2002, the number of hearing-impaired who registered with the SWDM had increased to are are available to assist the deaf community in the teaching and learning of Malaysian sign language in Malaysia. Cmu. Journal of Soc. Sci. and Hum. Sci. of Soc. Journal Cmu.

CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 166 CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 167 - - on 28 August 2006, August 28 on News Straits Time Straits News EDUCATION FOR EDUCATION THE DEAF IN MALAYSIA Both the residential and special day schools, together with the special special the with together schools, day special and residential the Both In an article published in the in published article an In In Malaysia, education for the deaf started in 1954 when the first fully first the when 1954 in started deaf the for education Malaysia, In ducation is very important for everyone including the deaf community. community. deaf the including everyone for important very is ducation receiving receiving their basic education in regular primary or secondary schools. ting communications among the non-handicapped. ey also function as centres for pre-school parent guidance and provide vocational awareness, training and guidance for Special the (Current 2) deaf adolescents. (Table deaf the In for classes 1991, special 38 and there schools special were 27 for schools special 27 the Besides 1989). Deaf, the for Provision Education the deaf, deaf students including those with substantial hearing losses are classes in the mainstreamed schools, are run in parallelneeds of the deaf ese children. special schools fulfillregional the special to cater to the educational needs of the rural and isolated deaf children. ese schools are also engaged in community education about deafness and in promo- E residential school, the Federation School for the Deaf, was established in to established were deaf the for classes integrated special 1963, In Penang. trend education current e nationwide. children deaf more accommodate is now moving towards streaming and normalisation in a less restricted setting (History of Deaf Education in Malaysia, 1991). between between them and the hearing community (Open your heart, 2006). tion of the Deaf (MFD) stated that, in general, the majority of the deaf depends on visual communication, that is, the Malaysian Sign Language (Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia in Malay), and they have low proficiency in the , which is their second language. As a result, there is less opportunity for them in socio-economic development of the country and they also have less access to information due to the communication gap entitled, “Bridging the gap for the deaf” (2006), the deaf community is very much dependent on interpreters to help them bridge the communi cation and information e gap. services of interpreters are needed in job interviews, medical check-ups and even in court. e Malaysian Federa CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL - - 23 15 38 2007 for the Deaf Special Special Classes 2 25 27 for the Deaf Special Special Schools 6,763 1,292 8,055 All Types Regular Regular Schools MALAYSIAN SIGN Special Schools and Special Classes for the Deaf People in Malaysia c. Manually-Coded Malay It is the only form of sign language recognised by the Malaysian b. b. Selangor Sign Language (SSL) was and (KLSL), Language Sign Lumpur Kuala as known also is SSL a. Penang Sign Language (PSL) PSL was developed in Malaysia by the deaf children themselves he Malaysian Sign Language (MSL) is the most-widely used method Isyarat “Bahasa as known also is It Malaysia. in communication sign of Secondary Total Primary affixation of nouns and verbs thatare used in the Malay language. Itused in is the deaf schools for the purpose of teaching the Malay language (Gordon 2005c). Jr., referred also is It deaf. the for communication of language the as government Bahasa to Malaysia as (KTBM), Tangan Kod which is the form found in the Ethnologue. KTBM is adapted from the ,with the addition of some local signs and grammatical signs representing originally based on the American Sign Language (ASL) but has diverged significantly from the latter and it canSign now bePenang considered asLike a language Language. rather than Kuala on As its it own. is used mainly in the state of Selangor, Sign Selangor it call themselves deaf the Lumpur, Language, it is mainly used by the older people although many younger people can understand it (Gordon 2005b). Jr., outside the classroom, when oralism was predominant. It is now mainly used by older people, although many younger people can understand it (Gordon 2005a). Jr., can Sign Language (ASL) has a strong influence on MSL, but bothdifferent are enough to be considered as there separate are some other languages. variations of the MSL Inused in addition, Malaysia, which are described below. T Malaysia (BIM)”. MSL uses both manual and non-manual components: hand shapes and movements, and facial expression and shoulder move ments. It has many ‘dialects’ that vary from state to state. e Ameri Source: Source: Schools Division, Ministry of Education, Malaysia, 1991. Table 2: (1991). Cmu. Journal of Soc. Sci. and Hum. Sci. of Soc. Journal Cmu.

CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 168 CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 169 - - Year Year Published First First published in 1998 Producer Publisher/ Publisher/ Academe Academe Art & Printing Services Snd. Bhd. Price Price (RM) 5.00 - Contents It It is a good and simple teaching and learning aid for the deaf people and oth ers who are interested to learn MSL. • Contains more than 240 signs that cover more than 600 words. • Covers alphabets (A-Z), numbers (1- 23, fractions, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 1000). chapters: covering • Ten signs for everyday use. • Meanings are in Chinese, English and Malay. • e signs are clear and easy to follow. e book is Yap authored Tan by Mr. who was the president of the: Society of Hearing-Impaired of the Selangor and Interpreters Society of Territory, Federal etc., the Selangor and Territory, Federal in 1998. e signs were drawn by Mr. a deaf student Tay, Tan David of Mr. Yap. FOR THE DEAF COMMUNITY IN MALAYSIA A Comparative Look and at Learning Teaching Some Resources for MSL. Title ome non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Malaysia such as the as such Malaysia in (NGOs) organizations non-governmental ome Malaysian Federation of the Deaf (MFD), the Lions Club, research REVIEW REVIEW ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES Learn Sign Language in Hours Ten 1998) (Tan, Table 3: Table Language Courses for Adults, 2006) which conduct MSL classes for its and members Majudiri Y only, for Foundation the Deaf (Kuala Lumpur) the with work who those & Educators for (BIM) Malaysia Isyarat (Bahasa Deaf, 2006). Every participant pays a small fee (per level) to attend the Malaysian sign language classes. MSL learning packages available in video compact disc (VCD), compact disc (CD) or accessible on-line from the 3 Internet. Table shows a com parison of some of the MSL teaching and learning resources (printed and electronic) Besides that these have resources, been there published locally. are non-governmental organisations such as YMCA (Community Sign lot of efforts to publish books on the Malaysian Sign Language (MSL) for (MSL) Language Sign Malaysian effortsof lot the on books publish to the use of the deaf As community. sign language involves hand motions ‘truly’ cannot books the in (drawn) illustrated signs expressions, facial and proj community of number a Hence, motions. hand of sequence the show ects that were initiated use the electronic media to assist in the teaching and learning of MSL. ese electronic teaching and learning aids include S institutions and a number of voluntary community services have put in a CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL First published in 2003 First published in 2000 First published in 2001 - 2007 Lions Club of Serdang (District 308 B2 Malaysia) MDF Lions Club, Kuala Lum pur Central (District 308 B1 Malaysia) Free 10.00 Free - - Tan Yap’s sign language class. Yap’s Tan is book was sponsored by the Lions Club of Serdang as a community project. About 1,500 copies were printed and distributed free to Lions Club members to teach them sign language as com munity services to assist the deaf people in Malaysia. It is a good and simple teaching and learning aid for the deaf people and others who are interested to learn MSL. • Contains more than 430 signs that cover more than 800 words. • Covers alphabets (A-Z), numbers (1- 23, fractions, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 1000). • Contains more than 250 signs that cover more than 680 words. • Covers alphabets (A-Z), numbers (1- 23, fractions, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 1000). sections: covering signs • Twelve for everyday use. • e signs are clear and easy to follow. • Meanings are in Chinese, English and Malay. e who Yap author was Tan is the Mr. president of the: Society of Hearing- Impaired of the Selangor and Federal Interpreters Society of the Territory, Selangor and and Territory Federal others in 2003. e signs were drawn by Heng Mr. a Yih Yeong, student of Mr. Hearing-Impaired Hearing-Impaired of the Selangor and Interpreters Society of Territory, Federal the Selangor and and Territory Federal others in 2001. e signs were drawn by Heng Mr. a Yih Yeong, student of Mr. sign language class. Yap’s Tan is book was initiated and sponsored by the Lions Club Kuala Lumpur Cen tral. About 1,500 copies were printed and distributed for free to Lions Club members for teaching of sign language as a community service to assist the deaf people in Malaysia. It is a good and simple teaching and learning aid for the deaf people and others who are interested to learn MSL. First First book initiated by the Malaysian deaf people and contains signs that are used by the deaf community in Malaysia. • Contains more than 1,000 signs and has 30 chapters. • Arrangement of graphics is clear; easy to read. • Small size and easy to carry. e book is Yap authored Tan by Mr. who was the president of the: Society of (Tan, 2003) (Tan, Communi- cation In Sign Lions Book of 2001) Signs (Tan, Bahasa Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia (Malaysian Sign Language) (Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia, 2000) Cmu. Journal of Soc. Sci. and Hum. Sci. of Soc. Journal Cmu.

CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 170 CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 171 Since 2001 published in 2003 2001 2003 First published in 2003 First MDF Unit, Unit, MFD APIIT MDF E-Pekak Free 5.00 20.00 20.00 8.00 - - - - 1,000,000) and BIM dictionary. A 60 minute CD. System requirements include television or computer and a VCD player. • Contains 24 chapters. • Signs are easy to learn and understand. • Humorous presentation of the deaf actor. e-pek@k is a national project to promote ICT awareness among the deafs. is website provides: • General information about the deaf. • Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia (Malaysian Sign Language) which covers Introduc tion, Alphabets (A-Z), Numbers (2-20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100, 1000, 10,000, • Provides • ICT Provides illustrations and further explanations. • Small size and easy to carry. Developed by Asia InstitutePacific of (APIIT). Technology Information • Contains more than 350 words. • Includes alphabets A-Z, integers 0-9 and selected integers up to 99. • Preset and phrases. • Exercises are provided to enhance vocabulary and fingerspelling. • Instruction in Malay language with captions in English (selected words). • Signs are represented using video recording of human model and narration is in text mode. • Simple and easy to understand sign. • Signs for words in Malay language and English. • Sample sentence for each sign. • Attractive and systematic sign illustra tion. • Small size and easy to carry. Suitable for use as teaching aids for deaf students, deaf adults, teachers and parents to understand basic ICT and to learn MSL. • Contains more than 200 ICT signs. • Signs for ICT terminologies in Malay and English. • Attractive and systematic sign illustra tion. • Eighteen sections: covering signs for everyday use. • e signs are clear and easy to follow. • Meanings are in Chinese, English and Malay. Suitable as a complete reference for the deaf people and others who are interested to learn MSL. • Contains more than 1,000 signs. • 42 chapters: communication, educa tion, economic, etc. BIM, 2003) e-pek@k (e-pek@k, 2006) Malaysian Malaysian Sign Language Guide VCD (Video CD (VCD) Panduan Panduan Panduan Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia (Malaysian Sign Language Guide) (CD-ROM Panduan BIM, 2001) CD-ROM CD-ROM ICT Signs (Buku BIM: Isyarat-isyarat 2003) ICT, (Buku (Buku BIM Jilid 2, 2003) Malaysian Malaysian Sign Language Book 2 CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL - Year Year Published 2.1 was released in 1996 Not Not Available Version 2007 - Producer Publisher/ Publisher/ media 2000 Inc. (M2K) ASLPRO. COM Multi Price Price (RM) 11.95 Free US$ - DICTIONARIES Contents • Signs cannot be viewed from different angles (no rotation function). • Meaning of the words not provided. • Although it has speed control, the signing speed is rather fast, thus not easy to follow. • No searching by category. • No sound. com It Sternberg. L.A. Martin by developed was It illustrations animated and examples, video text, bines to create a rich reference tool for learning ASL. It consists of 2 and CD-ROMs can run on Windows 2000/Me/98/NT/XP. Features: • Has over 2600 signs with video demonstrations and illustrations. • Has fingerspelling games and quizzes. It It is a American Web-based Sign Language video e dictionary. signs are presented by a model in a video recording. Features: • Covers over 7000 ASL signs. • Have different models to illustrate the signs. • Consists of 4 types of dictionaries: Main Dictionary (over 4000 signs), Religious Dictionary (over 1200 interdenominational signs), Conversational Dictionary (over 2000 commonly- used phrases) and Babies Dictionary. • controller Provides for the video pause, (play, stop, etc.). • English version only. Features of Some Sign Language Dictionaries. REVIEW REVIEW OF SOME ELECTRONIC SIGN LANGUAGE In In the process of learning a new language, it is also important that Some Some of these dictionaries can be accessed freely on the Internet. able 4 shows the features of four foreign sign language dictionaries. Title American Sign Language Dictionary (2006) COM Dictionaries (2006) ASLPRO. T 4: Table ciation if the learner is not a deaf person (up to 20 from mild hearing loss (20-45 dB). A survey of sign dB) language dictionaries or who suffers shows that there are many foreign sign language dictionaries but there is yet to be available a comprehensive, printed electronic dictionary of the some of review a presents section following e Language. Sign Malaysian examples of foreign electronic sign language dictionaries. a learner understands and masters the vocabulary well before he is to able use the language A correctly. dictionary is thus needed in the learning in the learning process. of Similarly, sign language, a dictionary is needed to understand the meaning(s) of the (sign) word and to its know pronun Cmu. Journal of Soc. Sci. and Hum. Sci. of Soc. Journal Cmu.

CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 172 CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 173 - - First published in 1998 2006 Harper- Collins Publishers Stories Stories in the Air US$ 19.96 Free - - - DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION illustrated abridgment of the most authoritative reference book on sign language, with well- written and easily-understood instructions for the use of each sign Features: • Has more than 5,000 signs and 8,000 illustra tions. • ird edition includes more than 500 new signs and 1,500 new illustrations. • a Provides mixture of both English and ASL words Features: • Contains 20 categories of sign: food, clothes, days, feelings, medical weather, terms, animals, colours, etc. • Include facial expression for each sign. • speed Provides control on the animation of the sign at any time. • Cannot search for a sign by entering the word. • Signs cannot be viewed from different angles (no rotation function). • Meaning of the words not provided. • Must install the QuickTime software to watch the sign. • No sound. e authors are Martin L. Sternberg, Marin Sternberg, Herbert Rogoff (Illustrator).It is an • Has video demonstrations and illustrations • Listen to audio explanations or read the descrip tions on-screen • Progress through signs by subject. • Searching capabilities in 5 languages. It is an online application Web of the Dictionary (BSL). It was developed by Stories in the Air assisted by Dunedin Multi College, e media, National Donaldson’s Deaf Society and the Children’s City of Edinburgh Council Education Department. a bilingual system (provides instructions in Malay andcom deaf the Eng by used commonly are that (words) signs 600 stores b. a. - resently, resently, there is no dictionary on MSL available for learning MSL. One such dictionary teachingcould be developed based on the and Ameri can Sign Language Dictionary- Flexi (Sternberg et al., 2006) Dictionary (Welcome to the BSL Dictionary Online, 2006) British British Sign Language munity in Malaysia, and index the signs in alphabetical order and group them according to specific categories such as fruits, occupation,vehicle, etc. shall be developed to incorporate elements of the cultural and social norms social and cultural the of elements incorporate to developed be shall of the Malaysian society. Basically, the MSL dictionary to be developed should have the following features: lish). P system functions and features of the foreign sign the MSL dictionary is As languagea Malaysia multi racial above. country, reviewed dictionaries CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 2007 REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS explains one or more basic meaning(s) of each sign and provides graphics in and text in illustrated be shall signs the of meanings the provides functions which include of “Administration Database” “Search” function will be provided to allow users to search for

f. e target users of this system include people from all walks of life, c. d. e. Accessed: Accessed: 18 July 2006. National/20060822083417/Article/local1_html. News/nst/Tuesday/ buku_1.htm. Malaysian of Federation the Deaf. Date Accessed: 11 August 2006. http://www.mydeafoundation.org/BIMteachersbrochur 2006. Deaf. for Y the Majudiri Foundation e2.pdf. Lumpur). Deaf Date (Kuala american-sign-language/. Multimedia 2000 Inc. Date Accessed: 4 August 2006. com/cgi-bin/aslpro/ aslpro. Date Accessed: 27 July 2006. University University of Malaya through the Fundamental grant (Project No.: he authors would like the to financialacknowledge support the from Bridging the gap for the deaf, 2006. http://www.nst.com.my/Current_ Bahasa Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia (BIM) for Educators & those who work with the American Sign Language Dictionary. 2006. http://vesoftware.info/ ASLPRO.COM Dictionaries. 2006. ASLPRO.COM. http://www.aslpro. Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia. 2000. http://www.epekak.net.my/bim/bim_ T FP029/2005D). bridge the communication gap between the hearing-impaired people and the general public in Malaysia. police officers, court translators to the home-users including families with deaf children and Hence, any user who wishes to learn Malaysian Language. Sign e development of this bilingual Malaysian dictionary will sign be timely languageand it should certainly be a very useful tool in the teaching-learning process in the deaf schools. It will certainly help and “Search” function. e “Administration” function isadministrator to maintain the to database of the allow sign language dictionary. an any commonly-used signs (words) stored in the dictionary. ranging from the teachers of deaf school and students, medical officers, links to other related signs (words) such as synonyms and antonyms. (if suitable pictures are available). Cmu. Journal of Soc. Sci. and Hum. Sci. of Soc. Journal Cmu.

CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 174 CMU. Journal (2007) Vol. 1(1) 175 Accessed: Accessed: 27 July 2006. 2003. Date Accessed: 15 August 2006. Accessed: Date Deaf%20education.htm#introduction. Information/ 2 August 2006. Date Accessed: 11 October 2001. Malaysian Sign Language. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=xml. SIL International. August 2006. Date Accessed: 30 October, 4 BERNAMA, on Published hopa_4.htm. akhbar/2003/10_ 2006. Selangor Sign Language. 30 August Accessed: Date SIL International. language.asp?code=kgi. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_ 2006. http://www.epekak.net.my/info/populasi.htm. Date Accessed: 20 July 2005. Penang Sign 30 August Accessed: Date International. SIL Language.language.asp?code=psg. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_ com/pmy/SL_ courses.htm. Date Accessed: 20 July 2006. org.my/Information/ Deaf%20education.htm#current. Accessed: 2 August 2006. Date www.epekak.net.my/bim/bim_buku_ 2.htm. Malaysian Federation 2.htm. Malaysian Federation www.epekak.net.my/bim/bim_buku_ of the Deaf. Date Accessed: 11 August 2006. Date Technology. cdrom.htm. Asia Institute Pacific of Information Accessed: 28 September 2006. Date Date Accessed: 30 August 2006. buku_ ict.htm. Malaysian Federation of the Deaf. Date Accessed: 22 August 2006. Open your heart, 2006. http://www.mfd.org.my/MFD/donate.htm. Date Date http://www.mfd.org.my/MFD/donate.htm. 2006. heart, your Open History of Deaf Education in Malaysia. 1991. http://www.mfd.org.my/ http://www.mfd.org.my. E-Pekak. 2001. Deaf. the of Federation Malaysian Hari Hari Orang Pekak disambut hari ini. 2003. http://www.epekak.net.my/ Gordon Jr., R. G. (ed.). 2005b. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Gordon Jr., R. G. (ed.). 2005c. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, e-pek@k. 2006. http://www.epekak.net.my/. Date Accessed: 12 June 2006. June 12 Accessed: Date http://www.epekak.net.my/. 2006. e-pek@k. Gordon Jr., R. G. (ed.). 2005a. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Current Special Education Provision for the Deaf. 1989. http://www.mfd. http://www.mfd. 1989. Deaf. the for Provision Education Special Current e-pek@k. 2002. in Registered Deaf Malaysia by Population End of 2000. CD-ROM Panduan BIM. 2001. http://www.epekak.net.my/bim/bim_ http://www.ymcakl. 2006. Adults. for Courses Language Sign Community Buku BIM: Isyarat-isyarat ICT. 2003. http://www.epekak.net.my/bim/bim_ http://www.epekak.net.my/bim/bim_ 2003. ICT. Isyarat-isyarat BIM: Buku Buku BIM Jilid 2 (Malaysian Sign Language Book 2). 2003. http:// CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 2007 bim_vcd.htm. bim_vcd.htm. Date Accessed: 11 August 2006. Stories in the Date Air. Accessed: 26 July 2006. Persatuan Orang-Orang Wilayah Persatuan Pekak Dan Persekutuan Selangor Darul Ehsan. Lumpur Central (District 308 B1). (District 308 B2 Malaysia). Sign Language Dictionary-Flexi. 2006. http://search.barnesandnoble. http://search.barnesandnoble. 2006. Dictionary-Flexi. Language Sign ean=9780062736345&z=y#CRV. com/booksearch/isbninquiry.asp? Barnesandnoble.com llc. Date Accessed: 18 August 2006. Video CD (VCD) Panduan BIM. 2001. http://www.epekak.net.my/bim/ CD Video Panduan (VCD) to the BSL Welcome Dictionary Online. 2006. http://www.learnbsl.org/. Tan, Tan, Y. 2001. Lions Book of Signs. Kuala Lumpur, Lions Club Kuala 2003. Y. Communication Tan, In Sign. Serdang, Lions Club of Serdang Sternberg, Sternberg, M. L., M. Sternberg, and H. Rogoff. (Illustrator). American 1998. Belajar Bahasa Isyarat Dalam Y. Lumpur, Sepuluh Kuala Jam. Tan, Cmu. Journal of Soc. Sci. and Hum. Sci. of Soc. Journal Cmu.

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