Camila Vieira
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Crab Spiders Impact Floral-Signal Evolution Indirectly Through Removal
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x OPEN Crab spiders impact floral-signal evolution indirectly through removal of florivores Anina C. Knauer1, Moe Bakhtiari1,2 & Florian P. Schiestl1 The puzzling diversity of flowers is primarily shaped by selection and evolutionary change caused by the plant’s interaction with animals. The contribution of individual animal species to net selection, however, may vary depending on the network of interacting organisms. Here 1234567890():,; we document that in the buckler mustard, Biscutella laevigata, the crab spider Thomisus onustus reduces bee visits to flowers but also benefits plants by feeding on florivores. Uninfested plants experience a trade-off between pollinator and spider attraction as both bees and crab spiders are attracted by the floral volatile β-ocimene. This trade-off is reduced by the induced emission of β-ocimene after florivore infestation, which is stronger in plant populations where crab spiders are present than where they are absent, suggesting that plants are locally adapted to the presence of crab spiders. Our study demonstrates the context-dependence of selection and shows how crab spiders impact on floral evolution. 1 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. 2Present address: Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressedto F.P.S. (email: fl[email protected]) NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2018) 9:1367 | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x lant–animal interactions are a major driver of plant Crab spiders camouflage themselves on flowers to hunt flower- evolution, including both local adaptation and species visiting insects such as pollinators (Fig. -
Spiders 27 November-5 December 2018 Submitted: August 2019 Robert Raven
Bush Blitz – Namadgi, ACT 27 Nov-5 Dec 2018 Namadgi, ACT Bush Blitz Spiders 27 November-5 December 2018 Submitted: August 2019 Robert Raven Nomenclature and taxonomy used in this report is consistent with: The Australian Faunal Directory (AFD) http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/home Page 1 of 12 Bush Blitz – Namadgi, ACT 27 Nov-5 Dec 2018 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................. 2 List of contributors ................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 2. Methods .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Site selection ............................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Survey techniques ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Methods used at standard survey sites ................................................................... 5 2.3 Identifying the collections ......................................................................................... -
SA Spider Checklist
REVIEW ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 22(2): 2551-2597 CHECKLIST OF SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF SOUTH ASIA INCLUDING THE 2006 UPDATE OF INDIAN SPIDER CHECKLIST Manju Siliwal 1 and Sanjay Molur 2,3 1,2 Wildlife Information & Liaison Development (WILD) Society, 3 Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO) 29-1, Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India Email: 1 [email protected]; 3 [email protected] ABSTRACT Thesaurus, (Vol. 1) in 1734 (Smith, 2001). Most of the spiders After one year since publication of the Indian Checklist, this is described during the British period from South Asia were by an attempt to provide a comprehensive checklist of spiders of foreigners based on the specimens deposited in different South Asia with eight countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The European Museums. Indian checklist is also updated for 2006. The South Asian While the Indian checklist (Siliwal et al., 2005) is more spider list is also compiled following The World Spider Catalog accurate, the South Asian spider checklist is not critically by Platnick and other peer-reviewed publications since the last scrutinized due to lack of complete literature, but it gives an update. In total, 2299 species of spiders in 67 families have overview of species found in various South Asian countries, been reported from South Asia. There are 39 species included in this regions checklist that are not listed in the World Catalog gives the endemism of species and forms a basis for careful of Spiders. Taxonomic verification is recommended for 51 species. and participatory work by arachnologists in the region. -
A Paper on Cretaceous Fossil Spiders from Myanmar and a Paper on Extant Spiders from Portugal (Arachnida: Araneae)
A PAPER ON CRETACEOUS FOSSIL BEITR. ARANEOL., 14 (2021) Joerg Wunderlich & (2021) Patrick Müller SPIDERS FROM MYANMAR AND A PAPER 14 ON EXTANT SPIDERS FROM PORTUGAL (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) A PAPER ON CRETACEOUS FOSSIL BEITR. ARANEOL., 14 (2021) SPIDERS FROM MYANMAR AND A BEITR. ARANEOL., PAPER ON EXTANT SPIDERS FROM Joerg Wunderlich (ed.) PORTUGAL (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) In this paper I (JW) try to round off the “trinity of fossil spider faunas” of three vanished worlds: of the Dominican, Baltic and Burmese (Kachin) ambers (from ca. 22, 45 and 100 (!) million years ago), which I treated in about a dozen volumes concerning the most diverse group of predatory animals of this planet, the spiders (Araneae). We treat in short the cannibalism of few Cretaceous spiders and provide notes on their orb webs. The focus of this study is the diverse fauna of the higher strata which is preserved in Burmese (Kachin) amber. Probably as the most IMPORTANT GENERAL RESULTS I found the Mid Cretaceous Burmese spider fauna to be at least as diverse as the fauna of today but composed by quite different groups and – in contrast to most groups of insects - by numerous (more than 60 %) extinct families of which apparently not a single genus survived. I identified and described ca. 300 species (55 families) of spiders in Burmese (Kachin) amber and estimate that probably more than three thousand spider species lived 100 million years ago in this ancient forest which was a tropical rain forest. What will be the number of spider species (and other animals) that survives the next 100 years in the endangered rain forest of today in Myanmar? A second IMPORTANT GENERAL RESULT: probably during the last 60-70 million years ancient spider groups of the “Middle age of the Earth” (the Mesozoicum) were largely displaced by derived members of the Orb weavers like the well- known Garden Spider (as well as other members of the superfamily Araneoidea) and by spiders like Jumping Spiders, House Spiders and Wolf Spiders (members of the “RTA-clade”) which are very diverse and frequent today. -
Taxonomic Revision and Phylogenetic Hypothesis for the Jumping Spider Subfamily Ballinae (Araneae, Salticidae)
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic hypothesis for the jumping spider subfamily Ballinae (Araneae, Salticidae) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x19n4mz Journal Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 142(1) ISSN 0024-4082 Author Benjamin, S P Publication Date 2004-09-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082The Lin- nean Society of London, 2004? 2004 1421 182 Original Article S. P. BENJAMINTAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY OF BALLINAE Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 142, 1–82. With 69 figures Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic hypothesis for the jumping spider subfamily Ballinae (Araneae, Salticidae) SURESH P. BENJAMIN* Department of Integrative Biology, Section of Conservation Biology (NLU), University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland Received July 2003; accepted for publication February 2004 The subfamily Ballinae is revised. To test its monophyly, 41 morphological characters, including the first phyloge- netic use of scale morphology in Salticidae, were scored for 16 taxa (1 outgroup and 15 ingroup). Parsimony analysis of these data supports monophyly based on five unambiguous synapomorphies. The paper provides new diagnoses, descriptions of new genera, species, and a key to the genera. At present, Ballinae comprises 13 nominal genera, three of them new: Afromarengo, Ballus, Colaxes, Cynapes, Indomarengo, Leikung, Marengo, Philates and Sadies. Copocrossa, Mantisatta, Pachyballus and Padilla are tentatively included in the subfamily. Nine new species are described and illustrated: Colaxes horton, C. wanlessi, Philates szutsi, P. thaleri, P. zschokkei, Indomarengo chandra, I. -
Australian Native Bees Avoid Their Spider Predators
by responding to the same floral signals as these honeybees do (Heiling & Herberstein 2004; Heiling et al. 2004). Fur- thermore, it manipulates visual floral signals. While Euro- pean crab spiders appear camouflaged on flowers (Chittka 2001; The´ry & Casas 2002), T. spectabilis produces a Predator–prey coevolution: strong colour contrast in the UV range of the light spec- trum, attracting honeybees (Heiling et al. 2003). This is Australian native bees in line with empirical data showing that bees are attracted to strongly contrasting marks on flowers (Lunau et al. avoid their spider 1996). predators European honeybees did not coevolve with T. spectabilis but were introduced to Australia ca. 200 years ago. By * contrast, native Australian bees that are also captured by A. M. Heiling and M. E. Herberstein T. spectabilis coevolved with this species. We test our pre- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, diction that native Australian bees evolved anti-predatory NSW 2109, Australia * Author for correspondence ([email protected]). behaviour to avoid their predators, unlike the naive Euro- pean honeybees. Recd 14.10.03; Accptd 10.11.03; Published online 12.01.04 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Australian crab spiders Thomisus spectabilis Thomisus spectabilis were collected in suburban areas of Brisbane, manipulate visual flower signals to lure introduced Australia. Females reach a body length of ca. 1 cm. Female coloration Apis mellifera. We gave Australian native bees, Aus- varies and we used only white ones in our experiments. Native bees (Austroplebia australis) that were kept in an outdoor hive at the Uni- troplebia australis, the choice between two white versity grounds were transferred into a growth house and trained to daisies, Chrysanthemum frutescens, one of them visit a feeding station (ca. -
Araneae (Spider) Photos
Araneae (Spider) Photos Araneae (Spiders) About Information on: Spider Photos of Links to WWW Spiders Spiders of North America Relationships Spider Groups Spider Resources -- An Identification Manual About Spiders As in the other arachnid orders, appendage specialization is very important in the evolution of spiders. In spiders the five pairs of appendages of the prosoma (one of the two main body sections) that follow the chelicerae are the pedipalps followed by four pairs of walking legs. The pedipalps are modified to serve as mating organs by mature male spiders. These modifications are often very complicated and differences in their structure are important characteristics used by araneologists in the classification of spiders. Pedipalps in female spiders are structurally much simpler and are used for sensing, manipulating food and sometimes in locomotion. It is relatively easy to tell mature or nearly mature males from female spiders (at least in most groups) by looking at the pedipalps -- in females they look like functional but small legs while in males the ends tend to be enlarged, often greatly so. In young spiders these differences are not evident. There are also appendages on the opisthosoma (the rear body section, the one with no walking legs) the best known being the spinnerets. In the first spiders there were four pairs of spinnerets. Living spiders may have four e.g., (liphistiomorph spiders) or three pairs (e.g., mygalomorph and ecribellate araneomorphs) or three paris of spinnerets and a silk spinning plate called a cribellum (the earliest and many extant araneomorph spiders). Spinnerets' history as appendages is suggested in part by their being projections away from the opisthosoma and the fact that they may retain muscles for movement Much of the success of spiders traces directly to their extensive use of silk and poison. -
Title a Revisional Study of the Spider Family Thomisidae (Arachnida
A revisional study of the spider family Thomisidae (Arachnida, Title Araneae) of Japan( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Ono, Hirotsugu Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 1988-01-23 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.r6388 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion author Kyoto University 学位 請 論 文 (主 論 文) 小 野 族 嗣 1灘 灘灘 灘轟 1 . Thomisidae aus Japan. I. Das Genus Tmarus Simon (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta arachnol., 27 (spec. no.): 61-84 (1977). 2 . Thomisidae aus Japan. II. Das Genus Oxytate L.Koch 1878 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 58: 245-251 (1978). 3 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. I. Das Genus Xysticus C.L.Koch 1835 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 59: 267-288 (1978). 4 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. II. Das Genus Lysiteles Simon 1895 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 60: 91-108 (1979). 5 . Fossile Spinnen aus miozanen Sedimenten des Randecker Maars in SW- Deutschland (Arachnida: Araneae). Jh. Ges. Naturkde. Wurttemberg, 134: 133-141 (1979). (W.Schawaller t 4E1t) 6 . Thomisidae aus Japan. III. Das Genus Lysiteles Simon 1895 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 60: 203-217 (1980). 7 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. III. Das Genus Stiphropus Gerstaecker 1873, mit Revision der asiatischen Arten (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 61: 57-76 (1980). 8 . Erstnachweis einer Krabbenspinne (Thomisidae) in dominikanischem Bernstein (Stuttgarter Bernsteinsammlung: Arachnida, Araneae). Stuttgart. Beitr. Naturk., B, (73): 1-13 (1981). 9 . Revision japanischer Spinnen. I. Synonymieeiniger Arten der Familien Theridiidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Agelenidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta arachnol., 30: 1-7 (1981). 10 . Verwandtschaft von Tetrablemma phulchoki Lehtinen 1981 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae). Senckenb. biol., 62: 349-353 (1982). -
Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration
P1: SKH/ary P2: MBL/vks QC: MBL/agr T1: MBL October 27, 1997 17:44 Annual Reviews AR048-27 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1998. 43:619–43 Copyright c 1998 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF SPIDER COLORATION G. S. Oxford Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, York YO1 5YW, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] R. G. Gillespie Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 409, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; e-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: color, crypsis, genetics, guanine, melanism, mimicry, natural selection, pigments, polymorphism, sexual dimorphism ABSTRACT Genetic color variation provides a tangible link between the external phenotype of an organism and its underlying genetic determination and thus furnishes a tractable system with which to explore fundamental evolutionary phenomena. Here we examine the basis of color variation in spiders and its evolutionary and ecological implications. Reversible color changes, resulting from several mechanisms, are surprisingly widespread in the group and must be distinguished from true genetic variation for color to be used as an evolutionary tool. Genetic polymorphism occurs in a large number of families and is frequently sex limited: Sex linkage has not yet been demonstrated, nor have the forces promoting sex limitation been elucidated. It is argued that the production of color is metabolically costly and is principally maintained by the action of sight-hunting predators. Key avenues for future research are suggested. INTRODUCTION Differences in color and pattern among individuals have long been recognized as providing a tractable system with which to address fundamental evolutionary questions (57). -
Complete Report
The effect of crab spider presence on pollinator behaviour in the field. Sarah van Broekhoven Supervisors: Marcel Dicke Mariella Herberstein Felipe Gawryszewski Table of content Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Materials & Methods.................................................................................................................. 6 Plants and insects ................................................................................................................... 6 Experimental setup................................................................................................................. 7 Statistical analysis .................................................................................................................. 7 Results........................................................................................................................................ 8 Spectral reflectance curves..................................................................................................... 8 Between-patch analyses ....................................................................................................... 10 Within-patch analyses .......................................................................................................... 13 Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 15 Between-patch -
Of Japan( Dissertation 全文 )
A revisional study of the spider family Thomisidae (Arachnida, Title Araneae) of Japan( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Ono, Hirotsugu Citation Kyoto University (京都大学) Issue Date 1988-01-23 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/doctor.r6388 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion author Kyoto University 学位 請 論 文 (主 論 文) 小 野 族 嗣 1灘 灘灘 灘轟 1 . Thomisidae aus Japan. I. Das Genus Tmarus Simon (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta arachnol., 27 (spec. no.): 61-84 (1977). 2 . Thomisidae aus Japan. II. Das Genus Oxytate L.Koch 1878 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 58: 245-251 (1978). 3 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. I. Das Genus Xysticus C.L.Koch 1835 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 59: 267-288 (1978). 4 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. II. Das Genus Lysiteles Simon 1895 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 60: 91-108 (1979). 5 . Fossile Spinnen aus miozanen Sedimenten des Randecker Maars in SW- Deutschland (Arachnida: Araneae). Jh. Ges. Naturkde. Wurttemberg, 134: 133-141 (1979). (W.Schawaller t 4E1t) 6 . Thomisidae aus Japan. III. Das Genus Lysiteles Simon 1895 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 60: 203-217 (1980). 7 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. III. Das Genus Stiphropus Gerstaecker 1873, mit Revision der asiatischen Arten (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 61: 57-76 (1980). 8 . Erstnachweis einer Krabbenspinne (Thomisidae) in dominikanischem Bernstein (Stuttgarter Bernsteinsammlung: Arachnida, Araneae). Stuttgart. Beitr. Naturk., B, (73): 1-13 (1981). 9 . Revision japanischer Spinnen. I. Synonymieeiniger Arten der Familien Theridiidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Agelenidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta arachnol., 30: 1-7 (1981). 10 . Verwandtschaft von Tetrablemma phulchoki Lehtinen 1981 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae). Senckenb. -
Australasian Arachnology 89 (Winter 2020)
AUSTRALASIAN ARACHNOLOGY Newsletter of the Australasian Arachnological Society No. 89 Winter 2020 $5.00 2012 interview with Norman Platnick page 10 Colour and movement page 23 Mighty mites page 12 West to East page 5 Thomisids page 28 AUSTRALASIAN ARACHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY Australasian Arachnology 89 The aim of the Australasian Arachnological Society is to Editorial Contents promote interest in the ecology, Robert Whyte and Helen Smith An ancient connection across the Pacific behaviour and taxonomy of Darko Cotoras .............................................................................................4 “An Australian arachnids of the Australasian ne particularly sad incident for our Walking sideways region. scientific community since the last Jim Hackett .................................................................................................. 8 botanist took me Membership of A$20 covers Australasian Arachnology was the untimely Interview from 2012: Norman Platnick to Springbrook four issues of Australasian O on the history of the World Spider Catalog Arachnology. ISSN 0811-3696, passing of Norman Platnick in April 2020 at the Norman Platnick interview by Robert Raven .................................................................. 10 1951-2020 see Robert National Park, where scheduled to appear three tender age of 68. MITES on Insects the other other 99% times a year. Previous issues are Norm leaves a huge legacy of work relevant to Raven’s interview with Owen Seeman ........................................................................................