Top 250 researchers V University-business collaborations V Best 10 books

RESEARCH 2020

Historian Robot expert Agnieszka Sobocinska Inkyu Sa dissects our makes autonomous idealism P33 vehicles safer P24

vital to our Geophysicist Vision scientist Dietmar Müller Fiona Stapleton uncovers earth’s future prevents eye secrets P21 disease P30

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 CRICOS No. 00114A CRICOS No. 00114A Foreword Contents 8 How we chose the best Using data analytics, we found Australia’s best researchers in more than 250 fields

10 Top of the world These nine researchers lead the world, among them Caroline Homer.

11 Lifetime achievers Australia’s top 40 researchers who’ve made a difference through their career long contribution re-COVID-19, one of the great joys of being Education Minister was visiting 16 Australia’s universities to see firsthand the world-leading research taking place Business, Economics & Management in our backyard. Whether it is research to improve ethical machine decision Sharon Parker, improving the design of work making, the development of a new breed of pineapple that is resistant to 19 premature flowering or unlocking the secrets of the universe by studying Dark Chemical & Material Sciences Matter, the breadth, depth and quality of Australian research demonstrates the Maria Forsyth, creating the batteries of the future strength of the sector. 20 Research can save lives, make us healthier and protect our communities and Physics & Mathematics the environment. It also helps us understand more about ourselves, our history and our future. Dietmar Müller, uncovering earth’s past secrets ResearchP will be essential to help power Australia’s coronavirus recovery. The productive capacity 24 of our nation will rely on educated workers, able to access innovation and research, to drive Engineering & Computer Science opportunity. Inkyu Sa, making autonomous vehicles safer This means strengthening the link between research and outcomes. As we have seen through 28 the global research effort to find a vaccine for COVID-19, Australians are best served by Health & Medical Sciences encouraging international research collaborations that are in our national interest. Patrick McGorry, improving youth mental health It is also important that international research collaborations are carefully balanced against Fiona Stapleton, preventing eye disease

Australia’s national interests, including our national security, values and ethical standards. The 32 Morrison Government takes the threat of foreign interference seriously and we are taking action Humanities, Literature & Arts to protect Australian research. Our Government wants universities working with industry and Agnieszka Sobocinska, dissecting our idealism other organisations to commercialise research, turn ideas into jobs, and deliver economic growth. 34 The stories of the researchers in these pages are wonderful examples of the innovation and Social Sciences collaboration that takes place across the research sector. Charles Hunt, creating conditions for peace Everyone in higher education must get better at telling these stories and making them relevant Alina Morawska, helping parents do better for every Australian. 39 By demonstrating the value of our research, we continue to make the case for investment and Life Sciences & Earth Sciences we also inspire the next generation of scientists and researchers. Nigel Cook, building the minerals industry Dan Tehan 43 Rising stars Federal Minister for Education Australia’s top 40 early career researchers, the leaders of the future

48 Global research collaborations The universities which do best in working with global elite institutions RESEARCH 49 Editor Tim Dodd Business research collaborations The universities which do best in working with Art Director Samantha Yates business Sub-editors Justine Costello, Michael Ellis Writers Tim Dodd, Jill Rowbotham, Julie Hare, Sian Powell 50 Advertising Marion Leddy Top ten books +61 2 9288 2458 [email protected] The academic books with the most impact in the last decade Printed by PMP Print, 31 Heathcote Road, Moorebank 2170 for the proprietor and publisher. Nationwide News Pty Ltd (ACN 008 438 828) of 2 Holt Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, for insetion in The Australian on September 23, 2020

4 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020

Research at the University of USQ’s world-class Southern Queensland is innovative, responsive research delivers and intrinsically linked to the communities we serve. Our track record of targeted impact is world-changing made possible by our dedicated research institutes and centres. results Learn more about USQ Research usq.edu.au/research

Institute for Life Institute for Advanced Institute for Resilient Sciences and the Engineering and Space Regions (IRR) Environment (ILSE) Sciences (IAESS) IRR works with communities to build an innovative and thriving regional Australia Improving food security and increasing the IAESS researchers are working with more that is a great place to live and work. resilience of Australia’s agricultural sector than 70 aerospace, defence, agricultural are key areas of focus for researchers machinery and civil engineering companies The Institute’s Centre for Health Research within ILSE. to deliver knowledge, cutting-edge is addressing the signifi cant disparities technologies and industry solutions at the in 5-year cancer survival rates that exist ILSE’s Centre for Applied Climate forefront of discovery. between urban and rural cancer patients Sciences’ Drought and Climate Adaptation by examining the journey from diagnosis Program delivers state-of-the-art climate Researchers from the Centre for Future through to treatment. prediction tools to enable Australian Materials are revolutionising the Australian agricultural producers to strengthen farm rail industry through the production and The Rural Economies Centre of management and resilience to drought. installation of fi bre reinforced polymer Excellence is taking a multi-disciplinary composite bridge sleepers across the approach to addressing regional and rural The Centre for Crop Health is improving country, including the iconic Sydney problems and opportunities, providing the profi tability and productivity of globally Harbour Bridge’s rail deck. solutions that integrate the economics important crops such as wheat, barley, of innovation with world-leading lentils, oats and sorghum through the USQ’s Mount Kent Astronomical technical expertise in regional economic development of disease resistant varieties, Observatory provides the only ground- development and agriculture. advanced diagnostics and the biological based support in the southern hemisphere control of pests. to NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Researchers from IRR’s Centre for Satellite with the expertise of researchers Heritage and Culture have uncovered The Centre for Sustainable Agricultural in the Centre for Astrophysics. the contentious history of Australia’s Systems conducts broad-ranging early Native Mounted Police through the and multi-disciplinary research that Australian farmers are among the fi rst in discovery and careful investigation of their enhances the management of agricultural the world to benefi t from the Centre for remote campsites. enterprises as complex systems embedded Agricultural Engineering’s research into within and dependent on their natural machine vision technologies and remote environments, maximising production and operation systems such as automated conservation outcomes. irrigation and driverless tractors. CRICOS QLD 00244B NSW 02225M | TEQSA PRV12081 Research at the University of USQ’s world-class Southern Queensland is innovative, responsive research delivers and intrinsically linked to the communities we serve. Our track record of targeted impact is world-changing made possible by our dedicated research institutes and centres. results Learn more about USQ Research usq.edu.au/research

Institute for Life Institute for Advanced Institute for Resilient Sciences and the Engineering and Space Regions (IRR) Environment (ILSE) Sciences (IAESS) IRR works with communities to build an innovative and thriving regional Australia Improving food security and increasing the IAESS researchers are working with more that is a great place to live and work. resilience of Australia’s agricultural sector than 70 aerospace, defence, agricultural are key areas of focus for researchers machinery and civil engineering companies The Institute’s Centre for Health Research within ILSE. to deliver knowledge, cutting-edge is addressing the signifi cant disparities technologies and industry solutions at the in 5-year cancer survival rates that exist ILSE’s Centre for Applied Climate forefront of discovery. between urban and rural cancer patients Sciences’ Drought and Climate Adaptation by examining the journey from diagnosis Program delivers state-of-the-art climate Researchers from the Centre for Future through to treatment. prediction tools to enable Australian Materials are revolutionising the Australian agricultural producers to strengthen farm rail industry through the production and The Rural Economies Centre of management and resilience to drought. installation of fi bre reinforced polymer Excellence is taking a multi-disciplinary composite bridge sleepers across the approach to addressing regional and rural The Centre for Crop Health is improving country, including the iconic Sydney problems and opportunities, providing the profi tability and productivity of globally Harbour Bridge’s rail deck. solutions that integrate the economics important crops such as wheat, barley, of innovation with world-leading lentils, oats and sorghum through the USQ’s Mount Kent Astronomical technical expertise in regional economic development of disease resistant varieties, Observatory provides the only ground- development and agriculture. advanced diagnostics and the biological based support in the southern hemisphere control of pests. to NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Researchers from IRR’s Centre for Satellite with the expertise of researchers Heritage and Culture have uncovered The Centre for Sustainable Agricultural in the Centre for Astrophysics. the contentious history of Australia’s Systems conducts broad-ranging early Native Mounted Police through the and multi-disciplinary research that Australian farmers are among the fi rst in discovery and careful investigation of their enhances the management of agricultural the world to benefi t from the Centre for remote campsites. enterprises as complex systems embedded Agricultural Engineering’s research into within and dependent on their natural machine vision technologies and remote environments, maximising production and operation systems such as automated conservation outcomes. irrigation and driverless tractors. CRICOS QLD 00244B NSW 02225M | TEQSA PRV12081 A year like no other In the most challenging year Australia has faced in nearly a century, our researchers continue to demonstrate their excellence and their commitment to solving real problems

his year, 2020, has been like no other. First came the bushfire disaster, then the COVID-19 crisis. One consequence was that the value of the research which T Australia’s scientists, academics and other specialists carry out in our universities and research institutions became clearer than ever. Much of the research community was mobilised to carry out vital work, often under intense pressure in emergency conditions. People from across the spectrum of research fields – immunologists, biochemists, epidemiologists, public health specialists, legal experts, economists, psychologists, educators, social workers and more – came together to deal with complex problems in a pandemic situation, the scope and intensity of which no one living alive today has ever dealt with. This year in The Australian’s Research 2020 magazine, we salute our researchers, who have proved their value to Australia as never before. Given the debt we owe to our research community, this year’s edition of the Research magazine is more relevant than ever. Again we name Australia’s top researchers in 255 individual fields of research. We make this choice objectively, using data analytics based on where individual researchers publish and how many citations they have. We also name the Australian university, or other research institution, which leads in each of these fields, and this choice is also determined by the data. The winning institution is the one whose researchers’ papers – published in the top 20 journals in I have worked together to publish the Research magazine in this the field in the past five years – has the most citations. format, and each year we look for new stories, relevant to the In a few cases, well-known names appear as the leading At the University of Australian research community, which can be drawn from the data. researchers. For example, psychiatrist Patrick McGorry, a tireless Queensland a team led This year we’ve chosen to examine the research collaboration campaigner for improving youth mental, who was named as by (from left) Trent which Australian universities undertake with industry, and with the Munro, Paul Young, Australian of the Year in 2010, is the leader in the field of psychiatry. world’s top universities (see pages 48, 49). We also looked at academic and Keith Chappell, But the vast majority of the researchers whose names are revealed are now testing a books, and have built a top 10 list (see page 50). in these pages are not widely known, except to their peers. COVID-19 vaccine There’s one final important thing to say about this year’s Research This magazine is an opportunity for their excellence to be based on their magazine: We also honour Australia’s 40 top researchers, who have recognised, and for us all to learn about fascinating avenues of revolutionary made an outstanding contribution to their discipline over the course inquiries and important discoveries which would otherwise be little “molecular clamp” of their careers (in contrast to the research leader named in each noticed by the wider public. technology field, who is there because of their recent performance). It is also an opportunity to shine a light on the research work of And, also, we name 40 promising early career researchers who are lesser-known universities and institutions. While the Group of Eight strong candidates to be Australia’s research leaders of the future. universities carry most of Australia’s research load, many other In the current environment, in which we may see major cuts to institutions shine. For example, we find that the University of research funding that could hamper the prospects of our future Wollongong is Australia’s leading research institution in algebra, research stars, it’s critical for universities and government to look to while the University of Southern Queensland leads in the field of the future and plan how Australia’s coming generation of research composite materials. talent can fulfil it’s potential. Just as we have found Australia’s top researcher in each field, we have also looked globally to identify the world’s best in each of the Tim Dodd, Higher Education Editor, The Australian 255 fields of research we examine. In nine of these fields, the top [email protected] researcher in the world is in Australia (see page 10). Paul McCarthy, CEO, League of Scholars This is the third year that The Australian and League of Scholars [email protected]

8 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 their work. Institution abbreviations We also name the top Australian institution in each field of research, which is determined in a Austin Health Austin similar way. The top institution is the one Australian Catholic University ACU which has the most citations from research Australian Defence Force Academy ADFA published in the top 20 journals in that particular Australian National University ANU field in the last five years. Non-university Australian Nuclear Science and Technology organisations such as the CSIRO and medical Organisation ANSTO research institutes are also in the mix. Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Baker We also saw a need to recognise research Bond University Bond excellence in other ways, honouring both Bureau of Meteorology BoM those who have made an outstanding Burnet Institute Burnet contribution to their discipline through their Charles Darwin University CDU From left: Paul McCarthy career, and the up-and-comers who will be the Charles Sturt University CSU top researchers of the future. and Rasika Amarasiri Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research We do this by naming 40 lifetime achievers Organisation CSIRO and 40 distinguished early career researchers. Curtin University Curtin These are selected using a methodology Deakin University Deakin How we did it based on the annualised h-index – that is, the Edith Cowan University Edith Cowan researcher’s h-index divided by the number We use data science to Flinders University Flinders of years in their career. This approach rewards analyse the world’s Griffith University Griffith both excellence and consistency, and research James Cook University JCU research output by eminent bibliometrics scholar Anne-Wil La Trobe University La Trobe Harzing shows that the annualised h-index is We’ve taken the data-driven route to analyse the best way of comparing different researchers Macquarie University Macquarie and profile the best researchers and research at different career stages, and those who Monash University Monash institutions in Australia. work in different fields. Murdoch University Murdoch It is an approach that is now possible League of Scholars’ data pool on research is Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Peter Mac because of the volume and quality of deep, and this year we’ve used it to present QIMR Berghofer Medical Reasearch Institute information available online about research. information in three new areas. QIMR Berghofer We turned to talent discovery and research We show which universities and research Queensland University of Technology QUT analytics firm League of Scholars to help us institutions collaborate most with the world’s top RMIT University Melbourne RMIT gather publicly accessible data. League of 10 research universities (as listed by the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria RBG Victoria Scholars co-founders Paul McCarthy and Academic Ranking of World Universities), and Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne RCH Melbourne Rasika Amarasiri are pioneers of this approach, we show which universities and research Swinburne University of Technology Swinburne compiling information on the world’s research institutions collaborate most with business. Both University of Adelaide Uni of Adelaide papers, including authorship, when papers of these measures are based on the number of University of Canberra Uni of Canberra were published, where they were published and co-authorships of research papers. Finally, we University of Melbourne Uni of Melb numbers of citations. reveal the top 10 scholarly books published by University of Newcastle Uni of Newcastle This rich trove of data can be mined in many Australian academics in the past 10 years, University of New England UNE ways and we’ve used it here to present as full a based on the number of citations they have University of New South Wales UNSW picture as possible of Australian research. received. University of Queensland Uni of Qld The core of the magazine is the lists of top Our results, of course, are dependent on the University of South Australia UniSA researchers and top research institutions in data sources used (in our case mainly Google University of Southern Queensland USQ each of eight major discipline areas. Each Scholar) and the algorithms used. One University of the Sunshine Coast USC discipline is divided into granular research fields acknowledged drawback of the use of global University of Sydney Uni of Sydney which largely follow the taxonomy used by information is that fields of research which are Google Scholar. (We have left out a handful of focused on Australia can be underemphasised. University of Tasmania Uni of Tasmania fields where Australian research is not strong.) But we also believe the approach we have University of Technology Sydney UTS In each of 255 fields we name the used yields advantages. For example, it gives University of Western Australia UWA Australian-based researcher whose papers more attention to humanities and social University of Wollongong Uni of Wollongong published in the 20 top journals in their field in sciences than many other measures of research Victoria University VU the past five years have had the most citations impact, it reveals which Australian scholars are Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research WEHI by other researchers. having global impact and it is up to date. Western Sydney University Western The number of citations is, of course, an We welcome your feedback. excellent indicator of the impact and quality of Tim Dodd

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 9 Top of the world Nine researchers in Australian institutions are not only leaders in their field in this country, but they also hold the remarkable distinction of being the top researchers in their field globally. This means that no other researcher in the world has a higher number of citations from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top journals in that particular field.

Homer began developing her scholarly skills while working as a clinical trials nurse with HIV Australian-based patients at St Vincent’s Hospital in Sydney. researchers who “Suddenly I worked out there were other things to lead the world think about ... not just medications and treatments and models of care,” she says. “I had some good Field Chemical Kinetics & research training at that time.” Catalysis Global field leader Homer returned to midwifery at St George Shaobin Wang, Hospital under the mentorship of one of the early Uni of Adelaide researchers in the field, Lesley Barclay. Field Mechanical Engineering “As a midwife, I wanted to make a difference to Global field leader all women, not just one woman at a time,” Homer Jie Yang, RMIT says. “So that’s the research endeavour. The Field Mining & Mineral opportunity to influence more broadly, both at an Resources educational level and other systems level, was Global field leader Ranjith Pathegama Gamage, incredibly inspiring, and what I wanted to do for the Monash rest of my career.” Field Developmental In a 15-year stint at the University of Disabilities Technology, Sydney, continuity of care was a major Global field leader research theme, after a major review established Cheryl Dissanayake, La Trobe that pregnant women preferred to deal with a small Field Plastic & number of practitioners, be cared for in the Reconstructive Surgery community and see midwives throughout. Global field leader Caroline Homer Anand Deva, Macquarie While Homer’s academic career grew, she Midwifery researcher, continued to practise – two years ago she delivered Field Pregnancy & Childbirth Burnet Institute the fourth child for one patient. Global field leader Caroline Homer, Burnet Leading researcher in the International work in developing countries has been another strand of her scholarship. Her most Field Asian Studies & History world in the field of Global field leader influential papers, she thinks, were part of a 2014 Vedi Hadiz, Uni of Melbourne pregnancy and childbirth Lancet series on midwifery. “One of them showed Field Educational that if you implement this whole package of Psychology & Counselling Her year in a Malawi mission hospital in 1992 interventions ... you’ll reduce your maternal death Global field leader showed Caroline Homer the difference between rate, your still-birth rate and your neonatal death Andrew Martin, UNSW midwifery in the advanced and developing worlds, rate considerably, somewhere between 50 and 80 Field Higher Education and gave her the sense of purpose that has per cent,” Homer says. “That work is used now in Global field leader propelled her ever since. the World Health Organisation and the United David Boud, UTS “That sorted me out, really, as a midwife, Nations Population Fund.” because the need for what midwives can do all over Now she is studying the indirect effects of the world became so clear: our capacity to make a COVID-19 in Australia and internationally, with difference to women’s lives, poor women but also many mothers and children expected to die, not rich women,” says Professor Homer, who is from the disease but because they are no longer ncis co-program director of maternal, child and accessing maternal health services. a adolescent health at Melbourne’s Burnet Institute. Jill Rowbotham ron Fr ron a A

10 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 his Lifetime Achievers Leaderboard lists the five top researchers from Lifetime Achievers Australian universities and research institutions in each of the eight major Leaderboard discipline areas. To identify the five top researchers in each area we calculate an annualised H-index for each of them. The H-index, named for physicist Jorge Hirsch who suggested Research it in 2005, is defined at the highest number H such that a given researcher has published H Tpapers which have been cited H times. It measures both superstars productivity and impact. For example, if a researcher has published 50 papers each with at least 50 citations, but has not managed to go one better and publish 51 These are Australia’s top 40 papers each with at least 51 citations, then their H-index researchers, measured by their is 50. We then divide the H-index by the number of years that a researcher has been active (since their first performance over their career citation) to obtain an annualised figure.

Business, Economics & Management

Sara Dolnicar Neal Ashkanasy Rob Raven Sharon Parker Ian Phau Tourism & Hospitality Human Resources & Business, Economics & Human Resources & Marketing Organisations Management Organisations At the University of At Curtin University, his Queensland, her research At the University of At Monash University, he At Curtin University, she research interests interests include market Queensland, he researches researches dynamics and researches job and work include country image, segmentation methodology leadership, organisational governance of sustainability design, proactive behaviour, luxury branding, brand and survey measures. culture, ethics and emotions. transitions. wellbeing and job performance. counterfeiting and piracy.

Chemical & Material Sciences

Shizhang Qiao Yusuke Yamauchi Shaobin Wang Hongqi Sun Yoshio Bando Materials Engineering Materials Engineering Chemical Kinetics & Ca- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis Materials Engineering talysis At the University of At the University of At Edith Cowan University, At the University of Adelaide, his research Queensland, he researches At the University of Adelaide, his his research includes novel Wollongong’s Australian interests are synthesis design of nanocrystals and research includes nanomaterial catalysis and advanced Institute for Innovative Materials and characterisation of nanoporous materials. synthesis and application for oxidation processes. he researches nanomaterials nanomaterials. adsorption and catalysis. and electron microscopy.

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 11 Lifetime Achievers Leaderboard Research Superstars

Engineering & Computer Sciences

Dacheng Tao Peng Shi Dietmar Hutmacher Qing-Long Han Chunhua Shen Computer Vision & Pattern Automation & Control Theory Biomedical Technology Automation & Control Theory Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition Recognition At the University of Adelaide, At the Queensland University At the Swinburne University At the University of Sydney, he researches systems of Technology, he researches of Technology, he researches At the University of Adelaide, his research focus is artificial and control theory, and biomaterials, biomechanics, power system stability his research interests are intelligence. computational intelligence. medical devices and tissue and control, and wireless statistical machine learning engineering. communication. and computer vision.

Health & Medical Sciences

Sarah Medland Richard Ryan Louisa Degenhardt James Sallis Grant Montgomery Genetics & Genomics Social Psychology Addiction Public Health Genetics & Genomics At the QIMR Berghofer At the Australian Catholic At UNSW Sydney, her At the Australian Catholic At the University of Medical Research Institute, University, his research diverse epidemiological University, he researches Queensland, his research she researches genetic includes human motivation studies include analysis of promoting physical activity, includes genomic mapping and environmental factors and personality development large-scale community and and policy and environmental for risk of endometriosis and influencing mental health. and well-being. clinical population surveys. influences upon it. melanoma.

Humanities, Arts & Literature

Michael Haugh Larissa Hjorth Fengyi Jin Alastair Pennycook Adrian North Communication Communication Sex & Sexuality Foreign Language Learning Music & Musicology At the University of At RMIT University, her At UNSW Sydney, At the University of At Curtin University, his Queensland, his linguistics research fields include mobile his research includes Technology, Sydney, his research includes music and research in pragmatics media and mobile art. epidemiology of sexually research includes implications wellbeing in specific and includes analysing face, (im) transmitted infections and of the global spread of general populations. politeness and teasing. HPV-related anal cancer. English.

12 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 Life Sciences & Earth Sciences

Lidia Morawska Wenshan Guo William Laurance Ben Hayes Ian Paulsen Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences Biodiversity & Conservation Animal Husbandry Life Sciences & Biology Earth Sciences At the Queensland At the University of Technology, At the University of University of Technology, Sydney, she researches At James Cook University, his Queensland, he researches At Macquarie University, his she researches air quality’s innovative water and research includes impacts of genetic improvement of research interests impact on health and the wastewater treatment, and intensive land uses on tropical livestock, crop and pasture include microbiology and environment. reuse technologies. forests. and aquaculture species. microbial genomics.

Physics & Mathematics

Ray Frost Benjamin Eggleton Shi Xue Dou Andrey Miroshnichenko Ping Koy Lam Spectroscopy & Optics & Photonics Condensed Matter Physics & Optics and Photonics Physics & Mathematics Molecular Physics Semiconductors At the University of At UNSW Sydney, his At the Australian National At the Queensland University Sydney, his research At the University of research interests include University, his research of Technology, his research interests include optical Wollongong, his research nonlinear optics and includes quantum optics, interests include vibrational communications technology. interests include energy nanophotonics. optical metrology and spectroscopy. materials research. nonlinear optics.

Social Sciences

Herbert Marsh Julie Henry Tan Yigitcanlar Andrew Martin David Treagust Educational Psychology & Cognitive Science Urban Studies and Planning Educational Psychology & Science & Engineering Counselling Counselling Education At the University of At the Queensland At the Australian Catholic Queensland, she University of Technology, he At the UNSW Sydney, he At Curtin University, University, his research researches how social researches contemporary researches educational his research interests includes self-concept cognition and prospection urban planning and motivation, engagement and include how interventions and motivation. are disrupted by normal adult development challenges. achievement. can enhance students’ ageing and clinical illness. understanding of science.

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 13

Business, Economics & Management Australia’s research field leaders If you give people These 16 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in business, autonomy and agency and you economics and management – one selected from each of the trust them, they 16 fields in this discipline. They are the researchers with the highest usually do a number of citations from papers published in the last five years in good job the 20 top journals in their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top research institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 journals in the field in the last five years.

five key principles – stimulating, mastery, agency, relational and tolerable – that if adopted can guarantee fulfilling and rewarding work. Parker’s research interests are now branching out into neuroscience: how different work design combinations impact cognitive functioning and whether SMART jobs can protect against Alzheimer’s. Next year, she will launch what she hopes will be a 20-year study to track 10,000 individuals’ work experiences, Field Accounting & Taxation Field Entrepreneurship & Innovation Field leader John Dumay, Macquarie Field leader Allan O’Connor, UniSA with a particular focus on the impact of Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Macquarie automation on jobs. It’s called WALC (Work Across Life and Careers). Field Business, Economics & Field Finance Management (general) Field leader Dirk Baur, UWA Of course, the work revolution Field leader Rob Raven, Monash Lead institution Macquarie thrust upon almost the entire economy Lead institution Monash Field Game Theory and Decision Science by the pandemic is rich pickings for Field Development Economics Field leader Haris Aziz, UNSW Parker and her team. Their recent Field leader Emilia Tjernstrom, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Monash article in the Harvard Business Review Lead institution Monash Field Human Resources & Organisations explored how managers are coping with Field Economic History Field leader Sharon Parker, Curtin Sharon Parker first time since his creation, man will be Institute. Her central focus is on the Amazon warehouse. having staff working remotely during Field leader Laura Maran, RMIT Lead institution Monash Organisational faced with his real, his permanent design of work: what makes jobs “Our research suggests, if you give COVID. For many, not so well. Lead institution Uni of Melbourne Field International Business behaviour expert problem; how to occupy the leisure rewarding, meaningful, healthy, people autonomy and agency and you Parker and her co-authors found Field Economic Policy Field leader Bo Bernhard Nielsen, (time).” Keynes’ utopian 15-hour week productive and stimulating. trust them, they usually do a good job. that 40 per cent of the 215 managers Field leader Debdulal Mallick, Deakin Uni of Sydney Curtin University hasn’t eventuated. The opposite is true. “From a psychological perspective, They will be trustworthy and they will surveyed had low self-confidence in Lead institution QUT Lead institution Monash Research leader in “Greedy jobs” eat up 15-hour days when work is well-designed, workers deliver on expectations.” their ability to manage staff who were Field Economics Field Marketing the field of human for some; the gig economy depletes have interesting tasks, autonomy over She says most jobs are a hangover working remotely, and a similar number Field leader Paul Raschky, Monash Field leader Tom Chen, Uni of Canberra financial security for others. those tasks, a meaningful degree of from history – including the nine-to- thought staff were slacking off, Lead institution Monash Lead institution Griffith resources and organisation What is common in a surprising social contact with others and a five work day. Rarely, however, do incompetent or lacked essential skills Field Educational Administration Field Strategic Management number of jobs – not matter how elite or tolerable level of task demands,” managers ask the question: Could this compared to in-office colleagues. Field leader Bob Lingard, Uni of Queensland Field leader Morgan Miles, CSU pedestrian – is how badly designed they Parker says. job be done in a different, more “The picture is a not a rosy one,” Lead institution Deakin Lead institution Uni of Newcastle Back in 1930, John Maynard Keynes, are, says Sharon Parker, an Australian For many, jobs are tedious, efficient, more creative and better way? they write, with staff feeling distrusted Field Emergency Management Field Tourism & Hospitality one of the most influential thinkers of Research Council Laureate Fellow and uninspiring, repetitive, dull and To address the lack of design, Parker and micromanaged by bosses who

Field leader Douglas Paton, CDU Field leader Noel Scott, USC y the 20th century, wrote in an essay professor of organisational behaviour at exhausting – whether we work in a and her team have designed a don’t feel in control. Lead institution CDU Lead institution Griffith urt predicting the future of work: “For the Curtin University’s Future of Work high-end consultancy firm or an framework called SMART. It embodies JULIE HARE olin M C

16 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 17 Business, Economics & Management Australia’s research field leaders If you give people These 16 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in business, autonomy and agency and you economics and management – one selected from each of the trust them, they 16 fields in this discipline. They are the researchers with the highest usually do a number of citations from papers published in the last five years in good job the 20 top journals in their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top research institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 journals in the field in the last five years.

five key principles – stimulating, mastery, agency, relational and tolerable – that if adopted can guarantee fulfilling and rewarding work. Parker’s research interests are now branching out into neuroscience: how different work design combinations impact cognitive functioning and whether SMART jobs can protect against Alzheimer’s. Next year, she will launch what she hopes will be a 20-year study to track 10,000 individuals’ work experiences, Field Accounting & Taxation Field Entrepreneurship & Innovation Field leader John Dumay, Macquarie Field leader Allan O’Connor, UniSA with a particular focus on the impact of Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Macquarie automation on jobs. It’s called WALC (Work Across Life and Careers). Field Business, Economics & Field Finance Management (general) Field leader Dirk Baur, UWA Of course, the work revolution Field leader Rob Raven, Monash Lead institution Macquarie thrust upon almost the entire economy Lead institution Monash Field Game Theory and Decision Science by the pandemic is rich pickings for Field Development Economics Field leader Haris Aziz, UNSW Parker and her team. Their recent Field leader Emilia Tjernstrom, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Monash article in the Harvard Business Review Lead institution Monash Field Human Resources & Organisations explored how managers are coping with Field Economic History Field leader Sharon Parker, Curtin Sharon Parker first time since his creation, man will be Institute. Her central focus is on the Amazon warehouse. having staff working remotely during Field leader Laura Maran, RMIT Lead institution Monash Organisational faced with his real, his permanent design of work: what makes jobs “Our research suggests, if you give COVID. For many, not so well. Lead institution Uni of Melbourne Field International Business behaviour expert problem; how to occupy the leisure rewarding, meaningful, healthy, people autonomy and agency and you Parker and her co-authors found Field Economic Policy Field leader Bo Bernhard Nielsen, (time).” Keynes’ utopian 15-hour week productive and stimulating. trust them, they usually do a good job. that 40 per cent of the 215 managers Field leader Debdulal Mallick, Deakin Uni of Sydney Curtin University hasn’t eventuated. The opposite is true. “From a psychological perspective, They will be trustworthy and they will surveyed had low self-confidence in Lead institution QUT Lead institution Monash Research leader in “Greedy jobs” eat up 15-hour days when work is well-designed, workers deliver on expectations.” their ability to manage staff who were Field Economics Field Marketing the field of human for some; the gig economy depletes have interesting tasks, autonomy over She says most jobs are a hangover working remotely, and a similar number Field leader Paul Raschky, Monash Field leader Tom Chen, Uni of Canberra financial security for others. those tasks, a meaningful degree of from history – including the nine-to- thought staff were slacking off, Lead institution Monash Lead institution Griffith resources and organisation What is common in a surprising social contact with others and a five work day. Rarely, however, do incompetent or lacked essential skills Field Educational Administration Field Strategic Management number of jobs – not matter how elite or tolerable level of task demands,” managers ask the question: Could this compared to in-office colleagues. Field leader Bob Lingard, Uni of Queensland Field leader Morgan Miles, CSU pedestrian – is how badly designed they Parker says. job be done in a different, more “The picture is a not a rosy one,” Lead institution Deakin Lead institution Uni of Newcastle Back in 1930, John Maynard Keynes, are, says Sharon Parker, an Australian For many, jobs are tedious, efficient, more creative and better way? they write, with staff feeling distrusted Field Emergency Management Field Tourism & Hospitality one of the most influential thinkers of Research Council Laureate Fellow and uninspiring, repetitive, dull and To address the lack of design, Parker and micromanaged by bosses who

Field leader Douglas Paton, CDU Field leader Noel Scott, USC y the 20th century, wrote in an essay professor of organisational behaviour at exhausting – whether we work in a and her team have designed a don’t feel in control. Lead institution CDU Lead institution Griffith urt predicting the future of work: “For the Curtin University’s Future of Work high-end consultancy firm or an framework called SMART. It embodies JULIE HARE olin M C

16 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 17 PARTNER CONTENT

niversities play pivotal roles for Advanced Engineering and Space Sciences in the economic, social and houses a long duration hypersonic wind tunnel cultural development of that delivers hypersonic flows of up to Mach 7. Australia. We do this not just Researchers from the institute are working U by educating the next with more than 70 aerospace, defence, agriculture generation of leaders, but by machinery and civil engineering companies to problem-solving and helping realise opportunities deliver knowledge, cutting-edge technologies and for stronger, more resilient economies and industry solutions at the forefront of discovery. communities. USQ’s Institute for Resilient Regions works As we begin to take stock of the impact of with regional communities to build an innovative COVID-19, it is clear the research expertise and and thriving regional Australia that is a great place innovation enterprise offered by universities will to live and work. A long-term collaboration be essential parts of the post-pandemic recovery. between the institute’s Centre for Health Research The University of Southern Queensland (USQ) and Cancer Council Queensland is addressing the has a long history of providing reliable and significant disparities in five-year cancer survival independent advice to governments, industry and rates between urban and rural patients by the general community on a range of global issues conducting a comprehensive examination of the and we are well equipped to contribute to the journey from diagnosis through to treatment. recovery effort. Our targeted, applied research is The partnership is driven by a shared complemented by purposeful engagement with Research commitment to promoting the health and local communities through to global communities wellbeing of Queenslanders, specifically through of practice, government and business. expertise is key to research that addresses fundamental issues in Improving food security and increasing the policy development and the delivery of social and resilience of our agricultural sector are two areas post-pandemic economic infrastructure accessible to all of focus for researchers from USQ’s Institute for Australians. Life Sciences and the Environment through recovery While USQ’s research and its translation into engagement with agricultural end-users to deliver real-world applications is crucial to the future of innovative solutions in crop health, natural Australia’s communities, and the creation of new resource management and climate science. industries to support our post-COVID economy, The institute’s Centre for Crop Health is the challenges and opportunities do not stop there. partnering with the Grains Research and This unique facility is enabling USQ to work with USQ understands innovation and change can Development Corporation (GRDC) to improve the global partners to bring light to new worlds and be achieved only by standing beside our partners, profitability and productivity of globally important advance our understanding of the solar system. local industries and communities and exciting the crops such as wheat, barley, lentils, oats and The Mount Kent observatory is the only next generation to tackle these opportunities. sorghum. USQ is giving Australian farmers access facility in the southern hemisphere providing USQ researchers are working collaboratively to pathogen-resistant varieties of key crops dedicated ground-based support for NASA’s (including internationally), finding solutions where combined with proven expertise in controlling Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Our others see problems, and building partnerships pests and disease, increasing yield performance observatory is contributing to the discovery and along the value chain. The University of Southern and minimising production costs. Through characterisation of nearby exoplanetary systems Queensland’s track record shows universities can meaningful on-farm engagement, USQ’s Centre using a state-of-the-art array of 0.7m aperture build value, create opportunities and to inspire for Applied Climate Science is delivering improved telescopes and a specialised spectrograph. young Australians wanting to shape their own climate prediction tools to strengthen farm In partnership with the German Aerospace futures. management and resilience to drought. Our Centre (DLR), Mount Kent is the base for a To find out more visit usq.edu.au/research. research is ensuring the profitability of Australian SMARTnet geostationary space debris monitoring grain growers and livestock industries and shaping telescope that helps to track and record space junk. the future of global food production. With a focus on hypersonic propulsion USQ’s Centre for Astrophysics has established systems, machine learning and machine vision a reputation as a world leader in space sciences. technologies and a rocket fuel development Professor John Bell We are renowned for our Mount Kent facility, USQ is making significant developments Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research & Innovation) Astronomical Observatory, the only professional in automated agricultural infrastructure and University of Southern Queensland astronomical research facility in Queensland. advanced materials engineering. USQ’s Institute

18 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23 2020 Chemical & Material Sciences Australia’s research field leaders

These 17 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in Field Analytical Chemistry chemical and material sciences – one selected from each Field leader Nam-Trung Nguyen, Griffith Lead institution UNSW of the 17 fields in this discipline. They are the researchers Field Biochemistry with the highest number of citations from papers published Field leader David Komander, WEHI in the last five years in the 20 top journals in their field. In each Lead institution Monash Field Ceramic Engineering field we also name Australia’s top research institution, the Field leader Inna Karatchevtseva, ANSTO one with most citations in the top 20 journals in the field Lead institution UNSW in the last five years. Field Chemical & Material Sciences (general) Field leader Philip Gale, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Field Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis Field leader Shaobin Wang, Uni of Adelaide Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Field Combustion & Propulsion Field leader Evatt Hawkes, UNSW Lead institution UNSW Field Composite Materials Field leader Yiu-Wing Mai, Uni of Sydney Lead institution USQ Field Crystallography & Structural Chemistry Field leader Stuart Batten, Monash Lead institution UNSW Field Dispersion Chemistry Field leader Rico Tabor, Monash Lead institution Uni of Queensland Field Electrochemistry Field leader Maria Forsyth, Deakin Lead institution Uni of Wollongong Field Inorganic Chemistry Field leader Peter Junk, JCU Lead institution Curtin Field Materials Engineering Field leader Shizhang Qiao, Uni of Adelaide Maria Forsyth Lead institution Uni of Wollongong Chemist, Deakin University Field Medicinal Chemistry Field leader Vicky Avery, Griffith Research leader in the field of electrochemistry Lead institution Griffith Field Nanotechnology It took Maria Forsyth a while to settle on her real research interests. Beginning with a broad Field leader Hoe Tan, ANU foundation of study in materials engineering and chemistry, she sailed through her doctorate at Lead institution Uni of Wollongong Monash University. With a questing mind, she worked on materials for new optic fibres and Field Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas chemistries for improved in-vitro fertilisation methods, before her focus moved to polymer Field leader Zhejun Pan, CSIRO Lead institution Curtin electrolytes in safer solid-state capacitors for implantable defibrillators. Finally, she settled in her long-term field of expertise: energy storage and corrosion. Forsyth Field Organic Chemistry is now an acclaimed expert in the field. Deakin University built a lab in Melbourne according Field leader Thanh Vinh Nguyen, UNSW Lead institution Uni of Queensland to her specifications. She leads collaborative global research into novel types of batteries and corrosion inhibitors, and is working with industry to bring environmentally sound and ethical Field Polymers & Plastics Field leader Cyrille Boyer, UNSW battery manufacturing to Australia. Lead institution UNSW

arber Continued next page B an Al

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 19 Continued from previous page Physics & Mathematics With her research teams around the world, Forsyth is calibrating, testing and refining prototype batteries, Australia’s research field leaders looking for ideal combination of strengths. “The holy grail for batteries is a high-energy These 21 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in density battery, which means it has a lot of juice in it, chemical and material sciences – one selected from you can drive a car a long way – the battery will last for each of the 21 fields in this discipline. They are the a week or more between charges,” she says. “And you want a battery that will run for thousands of cycles researchers with the highest number of citations from before you have to throw it out.” papers published in the last five years in the 20 top journals Such a battery would not only be a boon for in their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top renewable energy storage and the electric machines of the future, but also for remote and impoverished research institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 communities in the developing world, where charging journals in the field in the last five years. a smartphone to stay abreast of market prices and find buyers can make all the difference to people’s lives. Forsyth’s fascination with the field matured during her Fulbright scholarship postdoctoral research at Northwestern University in the US. She was interested in new energy technologies, and whether electrolyte materials could be used in devices. “Back then, you didn’t have to make a device,” Forsyth says. “You just had to make a material, measure its properties and say, Field Acoustics & Sound Field High Energy & Nuclear Physics ‘this could be useful for a device’.” Field leader Nicole Kessissoglou, UNSW Field leader Bruce Yabsley, Uni of Sydney In the years since her early research, she and her Lead institution UNSW Lead institution Uni of Sydney collaborators have found a novel salt-based electrolyte Field Algebra Field Mathematical Analysis increases the efficiency of lithium-ion batteries and Field leader Aidan Sims, Uni of Field leader Yihong Du, UNE prevents them burning or exploding. They are now Wollongong Lead institution UNSW Lead institution Uni of Wollongong working on new sodium-ion batteries and new battery Field Mathematical Optimisation electrode materials using nickel and manganese, as Field Astronomy & Astrophysics Field leader Guoyin Li, UNSW well as biomass carbon from organic waste, while Field leader Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Lead institution UNSW Uni of Sydney trying to steer away from cobalt, mostly mined in Lead institution ANU Field Mathematical Physics Africa – often in a particularly unethical way. Field leader Ian Marquette, Uni of Queen- Field Computational Mathematics Growing up in a traditional Greek family wasn’t an land Field leader Fawang Liu, QUT Lead institution Uni of Queensland easy ride for a gifted daughter. Neither of Forsyth’s Lead institution Monash parents had much education and she was expected to Field Nonlinear Science Field Condensed Matter Physics & Field leader Tonghua Zhang, Swinburne get married and perhaps find a secretarial job. Semiconductors Lead institution UWA Forsyth did get married, and she did have two Field leader Cornelius Hempel, Uni of children, but she insisted on following an academic Sydney Field Optics & Photonics path. “I was a geek,” she recalls. Lead institution Monash Field leader David Moss, Swinburne Lead institution ANU “I always wanted to know how things work. How Field Discrete Mathematics the electricity gets to the pole.” Field leader David Wood, Monash Field Physics & Mathematics (general) Monash Field leader Kavan Modi, Monash Her field continues to expand in new and Lead institution Lead institution UNSW unexpected ways. A year ago the federal government Field Electromagnetism funded the Future Batteries Industries Co-operative Field leader Yingjie Jay Guo, UTS Field Probability & Statistics with Lead institution Macquarie Applications Research Centre, led from Western Australia, and Field leader Robert Kohn, UNSW Fluid Mechanics industries are collaborating with Forsyth and her Field Lead institution Monash Field leader Ivan Marusic, colleagues to develop future electrolyte systems for Uni of Melbourne Field Pure & Applied Mathematics next-generation batteries. Lead institution Uni of Melbourne Field leader Lishan Liu, Curtin “The idea is to establish an ecosystem of industries Field Geometry Lead institution Monash here in Australia, to not just dig resources up and sell Field leader Brett Parker, Monash Uni Field Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics them, but actually add value to the product and add Lead institution Monash Field leader Daniel Kosov, JCU value to the resource,” Forsyth says. Field Geophysics Lead institution Uni of Melbourne “And to actually make batteries here.” Field leader Dietmar Müller, Uni of Sydney Field Thermal Sciences Sian Powell Lead institution Uni of Melbourne Field leader Jiyuan Tu, RMIT Lead institution Uni of Adelaide

20 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 millennia passing in seconds. “I’ve spent much of my career looking at the evolution of the Earth in the last 200-250 million years, from the time when the Pangea supercontinent existed to today,” Müller says. “But we are now pushing the tectonic reconstructions and the dynamic models of the Earth’s interior much further back in time. There was a previous supercontinent, Rodinia, that existed about 1.1 billion years ago.” He and his colleagues are now working on models that reach back that far. In one of his most-cited projects, Müller and his team used big data analysis to build the first digital map of the age of the world’s ocean floor. They have also predicted – correctly – where opal deposits might be found in northern NSW, and uncovered a link between certain very large earthquakes and the structure of the Pacific Ocean’s crust. They are now working with a large mining company to develop and apply new “deep time” data-analysis techniques that could help find copper deposits. Müller first studied science at Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel in northern Germany, and with an undergraduate degree under his belt, he moved to the US, winding up at the renowned Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of But we are now California in San Diego. In 1993, with a doctorate from one of the world’s pushing the foremost oceanographic institutes, Müller began tectonic looking for a job. Sydney University responded to reconstructions one of his applications and, after a phone interview, and the offered him work as a lecturer. He had never been to Australia, but Müller bought dynamic a one-way ticket. He has worked the same university models of the ever since and married an Australian fellow geologist. Earth’s interior Müller was in the US, though, at just the right time. much further In the mid-80s, the first computers were becoming back in time. useful scientific tools, and many of the huge computing advances were happening in Texas and California – to the delight of US-based scientists. “There was a generation of 3D graphics computers that came out which didn’t exist in Germany at all,” Dietmar Müller Müller says, adding that with negligible power (about Geophysicist, University of Sydney the same as a tablet today), one of these early Research leader in the field of geophysics computers had a graphics interface linked to a computer the size of a fridge. “It was really attractive, because at that time the first software was being Dietmar Müller’s primary research focus is the physical fabric of the world and how it has evolved developed to manipulate images of tectonic plates on a over more than a billion years, reaching back to a time when life as we know it didn’t exist. spherical surface: the globe,” he says. Using the latest advances in machine learning and computing technology, the Sydney Müller was on hand when this revolutionary University geophysicist and his colleagues use the geophysical and geochemical signatures of technology was first offered to geophysicists and he preserved rock to reconstruct the way continents have formed, collided and disintegrated, and the has used it ever since. “I was one of the few people who implications for today’s world. had this technology at my fingertips,” he says. Professor Müller and collaborating scientists around the world have built powerful interactive “This is how I became truly fascinated by plate online tools to better visualise the Earth’s plate tectonic evolution. Using 4D computer models, the tectonics and deep geological time.” movements of continents and the evolution of ocean basins can be seen in a time-lapse movie, with Sian Powell Britta Campion Britta

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 21 Research at ACU

IN THE WORLD 18th FOR NURSING¹

IN THE WORLD FOR 2 World-leading 26th SPORT SCIENCE research in a Top 75 FOR EDUCATION¹ changing world.

FOR PSYCHOLOGY¹ Top 200 At Australian Catholic University (ACU), our research seeks to achieve excellence in our priority areas of education, health, theology and philosophy and other liberal FOR ARTS AND arts, which are underpinned by our commitment to the common good. Top 250 HUMANITIES3 Learn more about research at ACU acu.edu.au/research ¹ Academic Ranking World Universities Subject Rankings 2020 ² Academic Ranking of World Universities, Special Focus Institution Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments 2018 3 Times Higher Education Subject Rankings 2020

Dianoia Institute of Mary MacKillop Institute for Institute for Humanities and Institute for Learning Institute for Positive Institute for Religion and Philosophy Health Research Social Sciences Sciences and Teacher Psychology and Education Critical Inquiry Dianoia is dedicated to ground-breaking The Mary MacKillop Institute for Health The newly opened Institute for Humanities Education The Institute for Positive Psychology and The Institute for Religion and Critical research in the central areas of analytic Research (MMIHR) works towards better and Social Sciences continues our growth in The Institute for Learning Sciences and Education (IPPE) undertakes research in Inquiry (IRCI) straddles three research philosophy, including metaphysics, health outcomes in Australia and around the liberal arts. Teacher Education (ILSTE) undertakes education, Indigenous education, human programs: Biblical and Early Christian epistemology, logic, ethics and metaethics, the world. motivation and behaviour. Studies, Medieval and Early Modern Current research explores histories of studies in partnership to improve aesthetics, social and political philosophy, Studies, and Religion and Theology. Director Professor John Hawley, who leads the displacement from early modern times to the educational outcomes and life chances for The Positive Psychology research program, and the philosophy of mind, language, Exercise and Nutrition research program, is present day. all children and young people. led by Professor Philip Parker, includes IRCI also leads a node of the ARC Centre of religion, and science. co-investigator on a Medical Research Future Current ARC projects examine young randomised control trials as well as the use Excellence for the History of Emotions. Institute Director Professor Joy Damousi Our ARC-funded research includes case Fund study of how time-restricted eating can children’s learning in the digital society; of cutting-edge statistical methods applied leads an ARC project on the aftermaths of war ARC-funded research includes Institute studies on the Banking Royal Commission and improve glycaemic control. equipping learners with coding skills; the role to large-scale longitudinal or cross-country between 1815-1950 across Europe, Asia, and Director Professor Peter Howard’s project on Paris Climate Agreement addressing ethics of standards in assessment; multi-literacies in survey data. Leading the Behaviour, Environment and America, with an emphasis on displacement, the Sistine Chapel in the 15th century, and Dr of corporations and group responsibility, and learning science; and workforce issues in the Cognition research program, Professor Ester refugees and long-term trauma. Professor Herb Marsh is collaborating with the Matthew Champion’s DECRA on medieval and work on the physics of time in collaboration early childhood sector. Cerin has received NHMRC funding to University of Luxembourg on an international early modern perceptions of time. with researchers from the University of Professor Sheila Fitzpatrick is undertaking explore the impact of the built and natural A team led by Institute Director Professor study of students’ academic self-concepts. With Sydney’s Centre for Time. research on an ARC project on Russian Associate Professor Matthew Crawford is environment, air pollution, and noise on Claire Wyatt-Smith is investigating the quality Professor Richard Ryan, he also leads an ARC displaced persons after the Second World War collaborating with Ca’ Foscari University Other international collaborations include cognitive decline in older adults in Australia and impact of teacher education programs Linkage project mapping policy interventions and their resettlement in Australia. of Venice on his DECRA on the 5th century work on mental content with New York and the UK. in preparing the nation’s next generation to changes in principals’ motivation and bishop and theologian, Cyril of Alexandria. University, and a new project led by Dianoia’s wellbeing. A new Bone Health and Fractures research Professor Susan Broomhall is collaborating of teachers. Generating new knowledge Professor John Hawthorne with Professor on a major EU study of the forced movement about the Australian Tertiary Admission Other international collaborations include program led by Professor Mattias Lorentzon Leading the Motivation and Behaviour Timothy Williamson at Oxford University and of peoples across the Mediterranean from Rank (ATAR) as a predictor of becoming a Professor Christopher Ocker’s project with is investigating the efcacy of two food research program, Professor Chris Lonsdale’s researchers from the University of Southern 1492-1923, through analysis of religious successful teacher, the project is also revealing New York University/Abu Dhabi researchers supplements in afecting gut bacteria and teacher training interventions have been California that seeks to create formal models of persecution, slavery and indentured labor, and patterns in preservice teacher progression into exploring Christian-Muslim entanglements in improving bone health in postmenopausal delivered in hundreds of schools across knowledge. environmental and social catastrophe. employment. the medieval and early modern worlds. women. Australia and internationally. His ARC project, with a consortium of international universities, examines the efects of children’s exposure to electronic screens on their development. Research at ACU

IN THE WORLD 18th FOR NURSING¹

IN THE WORLD FOR 2 World-leading 26th SPORT SCIENCE research in a Top 75 FOR EDUCATION¹ changing world.

FOR PSYCHOLOGY¹ Top 200 At Australian Catholic University (ACU), our research seeks to achieve excellence in our priority areas of education, health, theology and philosophy and other liberal FOR ARTS AND arts, which are underpinned by our commitment to the common good. Top 250 HUMANITIES3 Learn more about research at ACU acu.edu.au/research ¹ Academic Ranking World Universities Subject Rankings 2020 ² Academic Ranking of World Universities, Special Focus Institution Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments 2018 3 Times Higher Education Subject Rankings 2020

Dianoia Institute of Mary MacKillop Institute for Institute for Humanities and Institute for Learning Institute for Positive Institute for Religion and Philosophy Health Research Social Sciences Sciences and Teacher Psychology and Education Critical Inquiry Dianoia is dedicated to ground-breaking The Mary MacKillop Institute for Health The newly opened Institute for Humanities Education The Institute for Positive Psychology and The Institute for Religion and Critical research in the central areas of analytic Research (MMIHR) works towards better and Social Sciences continues our growth in The Institute for Learning Sciences and Education (IPPE) undertakes research in Inquiry (IRCI) straddles three research philosophy, including metaphysics, health outcomes in Australia and around the liberal arts. Teacher Education (ILSTE) undertakes education, Indigenous education, human programs: Biblical and Early Christian epistemology, logic, ethics and metaethics, the world. motivation and behaviour. Studies, Medieval and Early Modern Current research explores histories of studies in partnership to improve aesthetics, social and political philosophy, Studies, and Religion and Theology. Director Professor John Hawley, who leads the displacement from early modern times to the educational outcomes and life chances for The Positive Psychology research program, and the philosophy of mind, language, Exercise and Nutrition research program, is present day. all children and young people. led by Professor Philip Parker, includes IRCI also leads a node of the ARC Centre of religion, and science. co-investigator on a Medical Research Future Current ARC projects examine young randomised control trials as well as the use Excellence for the History of Emotions. Institute Director Professor Joy Damousi Our ARC-funded research includes case Fund study of how time-restricted eating can children’s learning in the digital society; of cutting-edge statistical methods applied leads an ARC project on the aftermaths of war ARC-funded research includes Institute studies on the Banking Royal Commission and improve glycaemic control. equipping learners with coding skills; the role to large-scale longitudinal or cross-country between 1815-1950 across Europe, Asia, and Director Professor Peter Howard’s project on Paris Climate Agreement addressing ethics of standards in assessment; multi-literacies in survey data. Leading the Behaviour, Environment and America, with an emphasis on displacement, the Sistine Chapel in the 15th century, and Dr of corporations and group responsibility, and learning science; and workforce issues in the Cognition research program, Professor Ester refugees and long-term trauma. Professor Herb Marsh is collaborating with the Matthew Champion’s DECRA on medieval and work on the physics of time in collaboration early childhood sector. Cerin has received NHMRC funding to University of Luxembourg on an international early modern perceptions of time. with researchers from the University of Professor Sheila Fitzpatrick is undertaking explore the impact of the built and natural A team led by Institute Director Professor study of students’ academic self-concepts. With Sydney’s Centre for Time. research on an ARC project on Russian Associate Professor Matthew Crawford is environment, air pollution, and noise on Claire Wyatt-Smith is investigating the quality Professor Richard Ryan, he also leads an ARC displaced persons after the Second World War collaborating with Ca’ Foscari University Other international collaborations include cognitive decline in older adults in Australia and impact of teacher education programs Linkage project mapping policy interventions and their resettlement in Australia. of Venice on his DECRA on the 5th century work on mental content with New York and the UK. in preparing the nation’s next generation to changes in principals’ motivation and bishop and theologian, Cyril of Alexandria. University, and a new project led by Dianoia’s wellbeing. A new Bone Health and Fractures research Professor Susan Broomhall is collaborating of teachers. Generating new knowledge Professor John Hawthorne with Professor on a major EU study of the forced movement about the Australian Tertiary Admission Other international collaborations include program led by Professor Mattias Lorentzon Leading the Motivation and Behaviour Timothy Williamson at Oxford University and of peoples across the Mediterranean from Rank (ATAR) as a predictor of becoming a Professor Christopher Ocker’s project with is investigating the efcacy of two food research program, Professor Chris Lonsdale’s researchers from the University of Southern 1492-1923, through analysis of religious successful teacher, the project is also revealing New York University/Abu Dhabi researchers supplements in afecting gut bacteria and teacher training interventions have been California that seeks to create formal models of persecution, slavery and indentured labor, and patterns in preservice teacher progression into exploring Christian-Muslim entanglements in improving bone health in postmenopausal delivered in hundreds of schools across knowledge. environmental and social catastrophe. employment. the medieval and early modern worlds. women. Australia and internationally. His ARC project, with a consortium of international universities, examines the efects of children’s exposure to electronic screens on their development. Field Multimedia Engineering & Computer Science Field leader Jianfei Cai, Monash Lead institution UNSW Australia’s research field leaders Field Ocean & Marine Engineering Field leader Ian Turner, UNSW These 50 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in chemical and material sciences – one selected Lead institution UNSW Field Operations Research from each of the 50 fields in this discipline. They are the researchers with the highest number of Field leader Ben Fahimnia, Uni of Sydney citations from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top journals in their field. Lead institution UNSW Field Plasma & Fusion Field leader Boyd Blackwell, ANU Lead institution ANU Field Architecture Lead institution Uni of Melb Inkyu Sa Field Power Engineering Field leader Zhonghua Gou, Griffith Field Databases & Information Systems Computer Scientist Field leader Fengji Luo, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Melb Field leader Marcello La Rosa, Uni of Melb Lead institution UTS Field Artificial Intelligence Lead institution Uni of Melb CSIRO Data61 Field Quality & Reliability Field leader Chee Peng Lim, Deakin Field Educational Technology Research leader Field leader Paul Salmon, USC Lead institution Monash Field leader Dragan Gasevic, Monash in robotics Lead institution USC Field Automation & Control Theory Lead institution UniSA Field Radar, Positioning & Navigation Field leader Peng Shi, Uni of Adelaide Field Engineering & Computer Science (general) A scientist with CSIRO’s Data 61, Field leader Jinling Wang, UNSW Lead institution Swinburne Field leader Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Macquarie Inkyu Sa, is an expert in deep Lead institution RMIT Field Aviation & Aerospace Engineering Lead institution UNSW learning, the technique that enables Field Remote Sensing Field leader Michael Smart, Uni of Qld Field Environmental & Geological Engineering the computer brain of a robot to learn Field leader Jeffrey Walker, Monash Lead institution Uni of Qld Field leader Jinsong Huang, Uni of Newcastle Lead institution Uni of Melb Field Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Lead institution Monash from experience. The conventional way of Field Robotics Field leader Geoff Webb, Monash Field Evolutionary Computation programming a robot is to give it a set Field leader Inkyu Sa, CSIRO Lead institution Monash Field leader Zbigniew Michalewicz, Lead institution QUT Field Biomedical Technology Uni of Adelaide of instructions, laboriously written by Field leader Dietmar Hutmacher, QUT Lead institution RMIT human programs of the form “while Field Signal Processing this is happening, if you see this then Field leader Ba-Ngu Vo, Curtin Lead institution Uni of Qld Field Food Science & Technology Lead institution UTS Field Biotechnology Field leader Bhesh Bhandari, Uni of Qld do that”. Field leader Lars Keld Nielsen, Uni of Qld Lead institution Uni of Qld Sa is going a step further, bringing Field Software Systems Field leader Hongyu Zhang, Uni of Newcastle Lead institution ADFA Field Fuzzy Systems deep learning to robots to give them Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Field Civil Engineering Field leader Gleb Beliakov, Deakin the capacity to make new sets of Field leader Hao Hong, Curtin Lead institution Deakin instructions based on the success, or Field Structural Engineering Field leader Qing Li, Uni of Sydney Lead institution RMIT Field Human Computer Interaction the failure, of the past. It means that Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Computational Linguistics Field leader Frank Vetere, Uni of Melb robots can be trained, which will Field leader Timothy Baldwin, Uni of Melb Lead institution Uni of Melb make them far more effective. Field Sustainable Energy Field leader Robert Taylor, UNSW Lead institution Macquarie Field Library & Information Science “The deep learning network does Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Computer Graphics Field leader Tina Du, UniSA a really good job compared to the first Android smart phone before or a human no matter the time of day Field leader Tim Dwyer, Monash Lead institution Curtin conventional approach,” Sa says. coming to Australia in 2010 to do his or weather conditions? Field Technology Law Field leader Dan Svantesson, Bond Lead institution Monash Field Manufacturing & Machinery His expertise in this area attracted PhD at QUT. Sa says he “respectfully” disagrees Lead institution VU Field Computer Hardware Design Field leader Sami Kara, UNSW wide notice in 2016 when, as a post He’s now part of the CSIRO Data with Elon Musk, who has said that Field leader David Boland, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Deakin doctoral research fellow at 61 team, which is competing in the fully autonomous cars will be ready Field Textile Engineering Field leader Lijing Wang, RMIT Lead institution RMIT Field Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of DARPA Subterranean Challenge, a next year or the year after. Lead institution Deakin Field Computer Networks & Wireless Field leader Jie Yang, RMIT Technology, he working on a deep global competition between 11 invited An autonomous “We have to make sure everything Communication Lead institution UNSW learning robot that harvested fruit teams run up by the US Defense car is driving works 100 per cent, which is a really Field Theoretical Computer Science Field leader Jinhong Yuan, UNSW Field leader Sasha Rubin, Uni of Sydney Field Medical Informatics and vegetables. He was lead author Advanced Research Projects Agency. big challenge,” Sa says. Lead institution UNSW in a very Lead institution Monash Field leader Farah Magrabi, Macquarie on an influential paper, DeepFruits: A It tests the ability of robots to dynamically “An autonomous car is driving in a Field Computer Security & Cryptography Lead institution Uni of Qld fruit detection system using deep autonomously navigate underground very dynamically changing Field Transportation Field leader Jun Zhang, Swinburne Field leader David Hensher, Uni of Sydney Field Metallurgy neural networks, which was widely tunnels and caves, and find objects changing environment. Maybe it’s raining, Lead institution CSIRO Lead institution QUT Field leader Huijun Li, Uni of Wollongong cited by other researchers. Harvey, inside them. environment. maybe there’s lightning. There’s a Field Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition Lead institution Uni of Wollongong the harvesting robot built by the He’s now working on techniques Maybe it’s bunch of different scenarios we have Field Water Supply & Treatment Field leader Dacheng Tao, Uni of Sydney Field leader Hokyong Shon, UTS Field Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging QUT team, proved able to pick one to improve a computer’s reliability in to handle. Lead institution UTS raining, maybe Lead institution UTS Field leader Sima Dimitrijev, Griffith capsicum every 30 seconds from a identifying things in photographs. It’s “We don’t want to drive over Field Computing Systems there’s lightning Lead institution ANU row of plants in a glasshouse. an important ability for autonomous nine-year-old kids or 80-year-old Field Wood Science & Technology Field leader Jinjun Chen, Swinburne Field leader Warren Batchelor, Monash Field Mining & Mineral Resources Lead institution Swinburne Originally from South Korea, Sa vehicles to master. Can one, for grandmas and grandpas.”

S hakespeare Lead institution Monash Field leader Ranjith Pathegama Gamage, worked at Samsung on the company’s example, distinguish between a tree Tim Dodd Field Data Mining & Analysis Monash

Field leader Hongzhi Yin, Uni of Qld Lead institution Monash ussell R

24 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 25 Field Multimedia Engineering & Computer Science Field leader Jianfei Cai, Monash Lead institution UNSW Australia’s research field leaders Field Ocean & Marine Engineering Field leader Ian Turner, UNSW These 50 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in chemical and material sciences – one selected Lead institution UNSW Field Operations Research from each of the 50 fields in this discipline. They are the researchers with the highest number of Field leader Ben Fahimnia, Uni of Sydney citations from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top journals in their field. Lead institution UNSW Field Plasma & Fusion Field leader Boyd Blackwell, ANU Lead institution ANU Field Architecture Lead institution Uni of Melb Inkyu Sa Field Power Engineering Field leader Zhonghua Gou, Griffith Field Databases & Information Systems Computer Scientist Field leader Fengji Luo, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Melb Field leader Marcello La Rosa, Uni of Melb Lead institution UTS Field Artificial Intelligence Lead institution Uni of Melb CSIRO Data61 Field Quality & Reliability Field leader Chee Peng Lim, Deakin Field Educational Technology Research leader Field leader Paul Salmon, USC Lead institution Monash Field leader Dragan Gasevic, Monash in robotics Lead institution USC Field Automation & Control Theory Lead institution UniSA Field Radar, Positioning & Navigation Field leader Peng Shi, Uni of Adelaide Field Engineering & Computer Science (general) A scientist with CSIRO’s Data 61, Field leader Jinling Wang, UNSW Lead institution Swinburne Field leader Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Macquarie Inkyu Sa, is an expert in deep Lead institution RMIT Field Aviation & Aerospace Engineering Lead institution UNSW learning, the technique that enables Field Remote Sensing Field leader Michael Smart, Uni of Qld Field Environmental & Geological Engineering the computer brain of a robot to learn Field leader Jeffrey Walker, Monash Lead institution Uni of Qld Field leader Jinsong Huang, Uni of Newcastle Lead institution Uni of Melb Field Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Lead institution Monash from experience. The conventional way of Field Robotics Field leader Geoff Webb, Monash Field Evolutionary Computation programming a robot is to give it a set Field leader Inkyu Sa, CSIRO Lead institution Monash Field leader Zbigniew Michalewicz, Lead institution QUT Field Biomedical Technology Uni of Adelaide of instructions, laboriously written by Field leader Dietmar Hutmacher, QUT Lead institution RMIT human programs of the form “while Field Signal Processing this is happening, if you see this then Field leader Ba-Ngu Vo, Curtin Lead institution Uni of Qld Field Food Science & Technology Lead institution UTS Field Biotechnology Field leader Bhesh Bhandari, Uni of Qld do that”. Field leader Lars Keld Nielsen, Uni of Qld Lead institution Uni of Qld Sa is going a step further, bringing Field Software Systems Field leader Hongyu Zhang, Uni of Newcastle Lead institution ADFA Field Fuzzy Systems deep learning to robots to give them Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Field Civil Engineering Field leader Gleb Beliakov, Deakin the capacity to make new sets of Field leader Hao Hong, Curtin Lead institution Deakin instructions based on the success, or Field Structural Engineering Field leader Qing Li, Uni of Sydney Lead institution RMIT Field Human Computer Interaction the failure, of the past. It means that Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Computational Linguistics Field leader Frank Vetere, Uni of Melb robots can be trained, which will Field leader Timothy Baldwin, Uni of Melb Lead institution Uni of Melb make them far more effective. Field Sustainable Energy Field leader Robert Taylor, UNSW Lead institution Macquarie Field Library & Information Science “The deep learning network does Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Computer Graphics Field leader Tina Du, UniSA a really good job compared to the first Android smart phone before or a human no matter the time of day Field leader Tim Dwyer, Monash Lead institution Curtin conventional approach,” Sa says. coming to Australia in 2010 to do his or weather conditions? Field Technology Law Field leader Dan Svantesson, Bond Lead institution Monash Field Manufacturing & Machinery His expertise in this area attracted PhD at QUT. Sa says he “respectfully” disagrees Lead institution VU Field Computer Hardware Design Field leader Sami Kara, UNSW wide notice in 2016 when, as a post He’s now part of the CSIRO Data with Elon Musk, who has said that Field leader David Boland, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Deakin doctoral research fellow at 61 team, which is competing in the fully autonomous cars will be ready Field Textile Engineering Field leader Lijing Wang, RMIT Lead institution RMIT Field Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of DARPA Subterranean Challenge, a next year or the year after. Lead institution Deakin Field Computer Networks & Wireless Field leader Jie Yang, RMIT Technology, he working on a deep global competition between 11 invited An autonomous “We have to make sure everything Communication Lead institution UNSW learning robot that harvested fruit teams run up by the US Defense car is driving works 100 per cent, which is a really Field Theoretical Computer Science Field leader Jinhong Yuan, UNSW Field leader Sasha Rubin, Uni of Sydney Field Medical Informatics and vegetables. He was lead author Advanced Research Projects Agency. big challenge,” Sa says. Lead institution UNSW in a very Lead institution Monash Field leader Farah Magrabi, Macquarie on an influential paper, DeepFruits: A It tests the ability of robots to dynamically “An autonomous car is driving in a Field Computer Security & Cryptography Lead institution Uni of Qld fruit detection system using deep autonomously navigate underground very dynamically changing Field Transportation Field leader Jun Zhang, Swinburne Field leader David Hensher, Uni of Sydney Field Metallurgy neural networks, which was widely tunnels and caves, and find objects changing environment. Maybe it’s raining, Lead institution CSIRO Lead institution QUT Field leader Huijun Li, Uni of Wollongong cited by other researchers. Harvey, inside them. environment. maybe there’s lightning. There’s a Field Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition Lead institution Uni of Wollongong the harvesting robot built by the He’s now working on techniques Maybe it’s bunch of different scenarios we have Field Water Supply & Treatment Field leader Dacheng Tao, Uni of Sydney Field leader Hokyong Shon, UTS Field Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging QUT team, proved able to pick one to improve a computer’s reliability in to handle. Lead institution UTS raining, maybe Lead institution UTS Field leader Sima Dimitrijev, Griffith capsicum every 30 seconds from a identifying things in photographs. It’s “We don’t want to drive over Field Computing Systems there’s lightning Lead institution ANU row of plants in a glasshouse. an important ability for autonomous nine-year-old kids or 80-year-old Field Wood Science & Technology Field leader Jinjun Chen, Swinburne Field leader Warren Batchelor, Monash Field Mining & Mineral Resources Lead institution Swinburne Originally from South Korea, Sa vehicles to master. Can one, for grandmas and grandpas.”

S hakespeare Lead institution Monash Field leader Ranjith Pathegama Gamage, worked at Samsung on the company’s example, distinguish between a tree Tim Dodd Field Data Mining & Analysis Monash

Field leader Hongzhi Yin, Uni of Qld Lead institution Monash ussell R

24 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 25 PARTNER CONTENT

AquaWatch Australia also involves a collaboration of research partners the CSIRO, Australian Space Agency, Bureau of Meteorology, Geoscience Australia, University of Queensland, UNSW Canberra, Curtin University, Frontier SI and SatDek. A second high-impact project for emergency management is a joint mission with NASA’s Search and Rescue office to provide next- generation satellite-aided location data to first responders in emergencies such as bushfires. The project uses emergency beacon technology for satellites to track people in distress. It involves SmartSat partners, Safety from Space, Myriota, Black Art Technologies, UniSA, Flinders University and the Australian Maritime Safety Authority. SmartSat is also helping with defence challenges. The Compact Hybrid Optical-RF User Segment (CHORUS) project is SmartSat’s first collaborative mission with Defence Science and Technology. ustralia’s future depends on The project involves a cross-sector team being innovative enough to Australia’s exploring ways of integrating laser-based take advantage of global optical and radio frequency (RF) opportunities in space using space industry communications in a single SATCOM terminal. A advanced technologies such By combining optical and RF communications, as artificial intelligence. lifting off satellite operators will have more options to Innovation underpinned by research and communicate. It will lead to hybrid optical- development will stimulate economic growth through radio frequency SATCOM terminals in military and future-proof our economy. aircraft, land vehicles and ships using Our universities and research institutions collaboration technology developed through this project. are fundamentally strong, and punch well above SmartSat’s partners for CHORUS are EOS the norm in many areas. The economic impact Space Systems, EM Solutions, Lyrebird of our research output, however, has not often Antenna Research, Shoal, ANU and UniSA. been as visible and immediate in growing the satellite sensors, and in advanced analytics for These projects are just three of the 12 that economy. Indeed, universities are often earth observation products and services. Its have begun in SmartSat’s first 12 months. criticised for not delivering industry value. priorities are water management, land and SmartSat is committed to developing Applied research through university-industry disaster management, and defence and national capabilities in the space industry through collaboration is needed now more than ever. security. education. It will support Australia’s STEM The Cooperative Research Centres program AquaWatch is a key research project in initiatives by sponsoring 72 PhD students and is one of the best mechanisms for large-scale water management. This program, developed in more than 400 space engineers, scientists and university-industry collaboration. collaboration with the CSIRO, will explore technologists. Moreover, three professorial With $245 million of R&D investment over opportunities for a network of ground-based chairs have been appointed with universities. seven years, the SmartSat CRC is an enormous sensors and satellites orbiting Earth to deliver These experts will drive new-frontier research space industry research ecosystem with more real-time data for managing valuable water in artificial intelligence for satellite systems and than 100 partners — 30 Australian and resources. space cybersecurity technologies. international companies, 55 start-ups, 17 Building on existing ground monitoring SmartSat aims to help build an Australian Australian universities, the CSIRO, and the networks, the AquaWatch Australia mission sovereign space capability and support the Department of Defence. will integrate data from ground-based sensor Australian Space Agency. Through its partners, Working closely with the Australian Space networks with specially designed Earth it is committed to develop the game-changing Agency, SmartSat aspires to make a strong observation satellite sensors. Data from these technologies that will transform key Australian contribution to the government’s goal of tripling sources will be combined to deliver timely industries, enhance economic prosperity and the size of the space sector to $12 billion and information to water agencies, communities deliver national benefits. 20,000 jobs by 2030. and commercial water users, and will enable SmartSat research focuses on incorporating decision-makers to better manage ecosystem Professor Andy Koronios artificial intelligence in telecommunications health, support industry and prevent human or Chief Executive Officer and IoT connectivity in next-generation smart animal health impacts. SmartSat CRC

26 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23 2020 Building Australia’s Space Industry

One of the most significant 2021 SCHOLARSHIP space research collaborations APPLICATIONS ever forged in Australia. NOW OPEN SmartSat invites The goal is to create a globally competitive and respected expressions of space industry for Australia through research and collaboration. interest for higher degrees by research This research powerhouse brings together nearly 100 (PhD) scholarships international and national partners who have invested over $190 commencing in 2021 million. Together with $55 million Federal Government support, this represents a $245 million research effort over seven years.

Integrated Research Programs Education and Training • Advanced Communications, • Over 70 PhD scholarship opportunities Connectivity & IoT Technologies in an industry focused program • Advanced Satellites Systems, • Expert panel of Professorial Chairs Sensors and Intelligence to spearhead $20m of vital space sector R&D investment • Next Generation Earth Observation Data Services • Credential training and programs to inspire young Australians in STEM careers Patrick McGorry Field Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants Health & Medical Sciences Field leader Anthony Carroll, Griffith Psychiatrist Lead institution Griffith Australia’s research field leaders University of Field Neurology Melbourne Field leader Glenda Halliday, Uni of Sydney These 66 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in health and Research leader Lead institution Monash Field Neurosurgery medical sciences – one selected from each of the 66 fields in this in the field of Field leader Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Monash psychiatry Lead institution Monash discipline. They are the researchers with the highest number of Their whole transition Field Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & citations from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top to adulthood is much Molecular Imaging journals in their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top research Mental health has emerged as a major more insecure and Field leader Rod Hicks, Peter Mac Lead institution Peter Mac institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 journals in the casualty of the COVID-19 pandemic. fragile than it has “Young people are really in trouble Field Nursing field in the last five years. because they are so much more ever been Field leader Debra Jackson, UTS precarious in terms of where they are in Lead institution Griffith life,” says Patrick McGorry, executive Field Nutrition Science Field Addiction Field Diabetes director of youth mental health centre Field leader Luc van Loon, ACU Field leader Louisa Degenhardt, UNSW Field leader Sophia Zoungas, Monash Lead institution Monash Lead institution UNSW Lead institution Monash of excellence Orygen, and founder of the national network of headspace Field Obesity Field AIDS & HIV Field Emergency Medicine centres for young people. Field leader John Dixon, Baker Field leader Matthew Law, UNSW Field leader Zsolt Balogh, Uni of Newcastle Lead institution Monash Lead institution UNSW Lead institution Monash “They’re on the threshold of their productive life and obviously much Field Oncology Field Alternative & Traditional Medicine Field Endocrinology more vulnerable to becoming mentally Field leader Freddy Sitas, Uni of Sydney Field leader Jon Adams, UTS Field leader Peter Ebeling, Monash Lead institution ANU Lead institution Western Lead institution Monash ill. They’re more vulnerable to developing mental illness anyway, Field Ophthalmology & Optometry Field Anaesthesiology Field Epidemiology because that’s the major risk period. Field leader Fiona Stapleton, UNSW Field leader Paul Myles, Monash Field leader Mary-Louise McLaws, UNSW Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Monash Lead institution Monash “Their whole transition to adulthood enquiry and admitted failures, inpatient care, and having a lot more Field Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Field Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology Field Gastroenterology & Hepatology is much more insecure and fragile than especially the Victorian government.” research to develop better interventions it ever has been.” His interest in young people’s and combinations of interventions.” Field leader Omar Kujan, UWA Field leader Sharynne McLeod, CSU Field leader Behzad Hajarizadeh, UNSW Lead institution UWA Lead institution Uni of Queensland Lead institution Burnet Professor McGorry was the 2010 mental health took root early, in the Orygen and the more than 100 Australian of the Year and is chair of mid-80s, when as a trainee he headspace centres around the country Field Orthopaedic Medicine & Surgery Field Bioethics Field Genetics & Genomics Field leader Chris G. Maher, Uni of Sydney youth mental health at the University of established a research project at – designed as safe places for young Field leader Wendy Lipworth, Uni of Sydney Field leader Peter Visscher, Uni of Queensland Lead institution Monash Lead institution Uni of Melbourne Lead institution QIMR Berghofer Melbourne. He is particularly Melbourne’s Royal Park Hospital, people experiencing mental health concerned about surging youth focusing on people who had had their problems – are testament to that. “This Field Otolaryngology Field Cardiology Field Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine Field leader Richard Harvey, Macquarie unemployment rates in the pandemic first episode of psychosis. Their average area of research is absolutely cutting Field leader John Beltrame, Uni of Adelaide Field leader Christopher Cleon Rowe, Austin Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Lead institution UNSW and the huge disruption to secondary age was 22. “It was quite obvious that edge in in psychiatry; it’s the earliest and tertiary education. “You’re looking they were terrified by the experience of detection of serious mental illness,” Field Pain & Pain Management Field Child & Adolescent Psychology Field Gynaecology & Obstetrics Field leader Michael Nicholas, Uni of Sydney down the barrel of a major recession, coming into psychiatric care for the first McGorry says. Field leader Liz Pellicano, Macquarie Field leader Sailesh Kumar, Uni of Queensland Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Uni of Queensland which is going to impact more severely time,” McGorry says. He describes the headspace network Field Pathology on young people than any other age “They saw around them 45-year- as the primary tier of mental health. Field Clinical Laboratory Science Field Health & Medical Sciences (general) Field leader Anthony Gill, Uni of Sydney Field leader Samuel Vasikaran, UWA Field leader Yohannes Kinfu, Uni of Canberra group,” McGorry says. olds with very severe chronic illnesses. The COVID-19 crisis means providing Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution QUT Lead institution Monash He is urging an attack on two fronts: Their needs were very different, yet another level is even more urgent. “The Field Paediatric Medicine prevention, by taking measures to they were presented with a very biased next tier of care would be for the more Field Communicable Diseases Field Heart & Thoracic Surgery Field leader Alicia Spittle, Uni of Melbourne Field leader David Paterson, Uni of Queensland Field leader David Winlaw, Uni of Sydney revive the economy so that employment and pessimistic view of what their lives complex problems, like more severe Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Monash Lead institution RCH Melbourne prospects can be improved, and were going to be like. depression, borderline personality, Field Pharmacology & Pharmacy Field Critical Care Field Hematology secondary and tertiary education “It was assumed by everyone that anorexia or psychosis – these problems Field leader Daniel Hoyer, Uni of Melbourne Field leader Craig French, Uni of Melbourne Field leader Constantine Tam, Uni of Melbourne shored up; and strengthening the safety they were going to deteriorate and are also very common,” McGorry says. Lead institution Monash Lead institution Austin Lead institution Monash net of the mental health system, which become chronically ill. What I have “Governments have not built the Field Physical Education & Sports Medicine Field Dentistry Field Hospice & Palliative Care “was already overwhelmed with tried to do with a whole series of second tier to the level it needs to be Field leader Gavin Davis, Monash Field leader Sašo Ivanovski, Uni of Queensland Field leader David Currow, UTS demand even before COVID and now is colleagues over the years is challenge built. So that’s what the ongoing Lead institution VU Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Lead institution UNSW experiencing a surge of at least 20 to that. I have a ‘recovery philosophy’. advocacy is about now. Australia’s in a Field Physiology Field Dermatology Field Immunology 30 per cent increase in need for care.” “We have tried to develop better position ... to do this, but we have Field leader Jonathan M. Peake, QUT Field leader Adele Green, QIMR Berghofer Field leader James McCluskey, Uni of Melbourne However, McGorry is not in the treatments and interventions that to make the decision to do it and it’s Lead institution Monash Lead institution Uni of Queensland Lead institution Monash blame game. “Of all countries in the would increase the chance of recovery. going to cost substantial amounts of Field Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Field Developmental Disabilities Field Molecular Biology world, we have actually named the That meant shifting the focus to more money. It will take billions.” Field leader Anand Deva, Macquarie Field leader Cheryl Dissanayake, La Trobe Field leader Debnath Ghosal, Uni of Melbourne problem. We’ve had commissions of community-based care and away from Jill Rowbotham Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Monash

28 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 29 Patrick McGorry Field Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants Health & Medical Sciences Field leader Anthony Carroll, Griffith Psychiatrist Lead institution Griffith Australia’s research field leaders University of Field Neurology Melbourne Field leader Glenda Halliday, Uni of Sydney These 66 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in health and Research leader Lead institution Monash Field Neurosurgery medical sciences – one selected from each of the 66 fields in this in the field of Field leader Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Monash psychiatry Lead institution Monash discipline. They are the researchers with the highest number of Their whole transition Field Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & citations from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top to adulthood is much Molecular Imaging journals in their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top research Mental health has emerged as a major more insecure and Field leader Rod Hicks, Peter Mac Lead institution Peter Mac institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 journals in the casualty of the COVID-19 pandemic. fragile than it has “Young people are really in trouble Field Nursing field in the last five years. because they are so much more ever been Field leader Debra Jackson, UTS precarious in terms of where they are in Lead institution Griffith life,” says Patrick McGorry, executive Field Nutrition Science Field Addiction Field Diabetes director of youth mental health centre Field leader Luc van Loon, ACU Field leader Louisa Degenhardt, UNSW Field leader Sophia Zoungas, Monash Lead institution Monash Lead institution UNSW Lead institution Monash of excellence Orygen, and founder of the national network of headspace Field Obesity Field AIDS & HIV Field Emergency Medicine centres for young people. Field leader John Dixon, Baker Field leader Matthew Law, UNSW Field leader Zsolt Balogh, Uni of Newcastle Lead institution Monash Lead institution UNSW Lead institution Monash “They’re on the threshold of their productive life and obviously much Field Oncology Field Alternative & Traditional Medicine Field Endocrinology more vulnerable to becoming mentally Field leader Freddy Sitas, Uni of Sydney Field leader Jon Adams, UTS Field leader Peter Ebeling, Monash Lead institution ANU Lead institution Western Lead institution Monash ill. They’re more vulnerable to developing mental illness anyway, Field Ophthalmology & Optometry Field Anaesthesiology Field Epidemiology because that’s the major risk period. Field leader Fiona Stapleton, UNSW Field leader Paul Myles, Monash Field leader Mary-Louise McLaws, UNSW Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Monash Lead institution Monash “Their whole transition to adulthood enquiry and admitted failures, inpatient care, and having a lot more Field Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Field Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology Field Gastroenterology & Hepatology is much more insecure and fragile than especially the Victorian government.” research to develop better interventions it ever has been.” His interest in young people’s and combinations of interventions.” Field leader Omar Kujan, UWA Field leader Sharynne McLeod, CSU Field leader Behzad Hajarizadeh, UNSW Lead institution UWA Lead institution Uni of Queensland Lead institution Burnet Professor McGorry was the 2010 mental health took root early, in the Orygen and the more than 100 Australian of the Year and is chair of mid-80s, when as a trainee he headspace centres around the country Field Orthopaedic Medicine & Surgery Field Bioethics Field Genetics & Genomics Field leader Chris G. Maher, Uni of Sydney youth mental health at the University of established a research project at – designed as safe places for young Field leader Wendy Lipworth, Uni of Sydney Field leader Peter Visscher, Uni of Queensland Lead institution Monash Lead institution Uni of Melbourne Lead institution QIMR Berghofer Melbourne. He is particularly Melbourne’s Royal Park Hospital, people experiencing mental health concerned about surging youth focusing on people who had had their problems – are testament to that. “This Field Otolaryngology Field Cardiology Field Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine Field leader Richard Harvey, Macquarie unemployment rates in the pandemic first episode of psychosis. Their average area of research is absolutely cutting Field leader John Beltrame, Uni of Adelaide Field leader Christopher Cleon Rowe, Austin Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Lead institution UNSW and the huge disruption to secondary age was 22. “It was quite obvious that edge in in psychiatry; it’s the earliest and tertiary education. “You’re looking they were terrified by the experience of detection of serious mental illness,” Field Pain & Pain Management Field Child & Adolescent Psychology Field Gynaecology & Obstetrics Field leader Michael Nicholas, Uni of Sydney down the barrel of a major recession, coming into psychiatric care for the first McGorry says. Field leader Liz Pellicano, Macquarie Field leader Sailesh Kumar, Uni of Queensland Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Uni of Queensland which is going to impact more severely time,” McGorry says. He describes the headspace network Field Pathology on young people than any other age “They saw around them 45-year- as the primary tier of mental health. Field Clinical Laboratory Science Field Health & Medical Sciences (general) Field leader Anthony Gill, Uni of Sydney Field leader Samuel Vasikaran, UWA Field leader Yohannes Kinfu, Uni of Canberra group,” McGorry says. olds with very severe chronic illnesses. The COVID-19 crisis means providing Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution QUT Lead institution Monash He is urging an attack on two fronts: Their needs were very different, yet another level is even more urgent. “The Field Paediatric Medicine prevention, by taking measures to they were presented with a very biased next tier of care would be for the more Field Communicable Diseases Field Heart & Thoracic Surgery Field leader Alicia Spittle, Uni of Melbourne Field leader David Paterson, Uni of Queensland Field leader David Winlaw, Uni of Sydney revive the economy so that employment and pessimistic view of what their lives complex problems, like more severe Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Monash Lead institution RCH Melbourne prospects can be improved, and were going to be like. depression, borderline personality, Field Pharmacology & Pharmacy Field Critical Care Field Hematology secondary and tertiary education “It was assumed by everyone that anorexia or psychosis – these problems Field leader Daniel Hoyer, Uni of Melbourne Field leader Craig French, Uni of Melbourne Field leader Constantine Tam, Uni of Melbourne shored up; and strengthening the safety they were going to deteriorate and are also very common,” McGorry says. Lead institution Monash Lead institution Austin Lead institution Monash net of the mental health system, which become chronically ill. What I have “Governments have not built the Field Physical Education & Sports Medicine Field Dentistry Field Hospice & Palliative Care “was already overwhelmed with tried to do with a whole series of second tier to the level it needs to be Field leader Gavin Davis, Monash Field leader Sašo Ivanovski, Uni of Queensland Field leader David Currow, UTS demand even before COVID and now is colleagues over the years is challenge built. So that’s what the ongoing Lead institution VU Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Lead institution UNSW experiencing a surge of at least 20 to that. I have a ‘recovery philosophy’. advocacy is about now. Australia’s in a Field Physiology Field Dermatology Field Immunology 30 per cent increase in need for care.” “We have tried to develop better position ... to do this, but we have Field leader Jonathan M. Peake, QUT Field leader Adele Green, QIMR Berghofer Field leader James McCluskey, Uni of Melbourne However, McGorry is not in the treatments and interventions that to make the decision to do it and it’s Lead institution Monash Lead institution Uni of Queensland Lead institution Monash blame game. “Of all countries in the would increase the chance of recovery. going to cost substantial amounts of Field Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Field Developmental Disabilities Field Molecular Biology world, we have actually named the That meant shifting the focus to more money. It will take billions.” Field leader Anand Deva, Macquarie Field leader Cheryl Dissanayake, La Trobe Field leader Debnath Ghosal, Uni of Melbourne problem. We’ve had commissions of community-based care and away from Jill Rowbotham Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Monash

28 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 29 Health & Medical Sciences Australia’s research field leaders Field Pregnancy & Childbirth Field leader Caroline Homer, Burnet Lead institution Western Field Primary Health Care Field leader Nicholas Zwar, Bond Lead institution Monash Field Psychiatry Field leader Patrick McGorry, Uni of Melbourne Lead institution UNSW Field Psychology Field leader Richard Moulding, Deakin Lead institution ACU Field Public Health Field leader Adrian Bauman, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Pulmonology Field leader Peter Frith, Flinders Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Radiology & Medical Imaging Field leader Weidong Cai, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Rehabilitation Therapy Fiona Stapleton Field leader Jennie Ponsford, Monash Vision Scientist, UNSW Lead institution Monash Research leader in the field of Field Reproductive Health Field leader Helena Teede, Monash opthalmology & optometry Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Field Rheumatology They say that the eyes are the window to the in funding from government, industry and Field leader Peter Nash, Griffith soul. For Fiona Stapleton, they are far too non-government organisations. Lead institution Uni of Sydney often the site of disease and infection. Stapleton moved from the UK in 1993 to Field Social Psychology A world-renowned epidemiologist in eye take up a role with the new Co-operative Field leader Luke Smillie, Uni of Melb disease, one of the avoidable issues Stapleton Research Centre for Eye Research at UNSW. Lead institution Uni of Melb is addressing is the growing rate of infections “Solving industry problems, which is also Field Surgery across Asia caused by cosmetic and novelty about developing jobs and technology in Field leader Mark Smithers, Uni of Queensland lenses. They are designed to change iris Australia, has been a bit of a feature of how Lead institution JCU colour and make them appear oversized – I’ve worked over the years,” she says. This Field Toxicology giving the wearer a Japanese anime year Stapleton was named a lead researcher Field leader Bryan Fry, Uni of Queensland character appearance. They are often made of a $3m project to develop artificial Lead institution Uni of Queensland in unregulated settings, using materials such intelligence to increase the accuracy of Field Transplantation as car paint. patient diagnoses and referrals – a project led Field leader Daniel Chambers, Uni of Queensland “We are trying to understand how often by technology firm Big Picture Medical. Lead institution St Vincent’s Hospital they are used in the community, and (for) She has been credited with influencing Field Tropical Medicine & Parasitology the people who wear them to understand clinical practice in the areas of contact Field leader Una Ryan, Murdoch Uni of Melb what the real risk factors are,” says lens-related disease and corneal infections Lead institution Stapleton, who is working with researchers across the globe, and has gained Field Urology & Nephrology in nine countries. “With the research, we are international recognition for her work on a Field leader Declan Murphy, Peter Mac Lead institution Monash trying to translate it into policy change and condition known as dry eye. education, and working with practitioners to “Dry eye can affect around 40-50 per Field Vascular Medicine try and reduce the problem.” cent of the population, with 5-10 per cent of Field leader Bruce Campbell, Uni of Melbourne Lead institution Monash One of the most influential women in cases being severe enough to require optometry globally, the unassuming Scientia treatment,” Stapleton says. “It can be a costly Field Veterinary Medicine Field leader Navneet Dhand, Uni of Sydney Professor in the School of Optometry and and debilitating condition.” Lead institution Uni of Sydney Vision Science at the University of NSW has She has a grant to look at the influence of published 247 peer-reviewed papers, 21 book the hormone estrogen on dry eye, as it is Field Virology Field leader Peter Walker, Uni of Queensland chapters and one textbook. prevalent among post-menopausal women. Lead institution UNSW She has also attracted a staggering $11m Julie Hare Jane Dempster Jane

30 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020

Agnieszka Sobocinska Humanities, Arts & Literature Historian, Monash University Australia’s research field leaders Research leader in the field of history

In 1961, a Gallup Poll in the US meaning people and their ideas about These 24 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in humanities, found that more Americans knew the world and how it should look.” arts and literature – one selected from each of the 24 fields in this It became less about the Peace Corps than about the In an upcoming book, Saving discipline. They are the researchers with the highest number of about the act Twist, a dance craze that was then the World? Western Volunteers and the taking the world by storm. rise of the Humanitarian-Development citations from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top of actually Volunteering in developing and Complex, to be published by Cambridge journals in their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top helping people post-colonial nations was hip. Ordinary University Press next year, Sobocinska research institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 and more about people left the creature comforts of examines how tens of thousands of their homes to spend one, two or more Westerners left home to volunteer in journals in the field in the last five years. what young Westerners years in unfamiliar countries in Africa, far-flung corners of the globe. Asia and South America. “Aflame with optimism, they set out looked like By the end of the 1960s, hundreds to save the world, but their actions were of thousands of Australians, Britons invariably intertwined with national and Americans had responded to the and racial power in the overlapping call of development tourism, driven by contexts of decolonisation, globalisation idealism, a sense of adventure and a and the Cold War,” she writes. genuine desire to help others. Over time, the popularity and Field African Studies & History Field Gender Studies The outcomes were, however, “innocence” of volunteering became Field leader Victor Igreja, USQ Field leader Sam Winter, Curtin Lead institution UWA Lead institution ACU mixed. Living in ex-pat ghettos, tarnished as volunteering organisations inexperienced and under-prepared and “sort of developed their own PR Field Asian Studies & History Field History working in programs that often did not industry”, she says. “It became less Field leader Vedi Hadiz, Uni of Melbourne Field leader Agnieszka Sobocinska, Monash Lead institution ANU Lead institution Uni of Melbourne take local interests and wishes into about the act of actually helping people account, “colonial cultures and mores and more about what young Westerners Field Chinese Studies & History Field Humanities, Literature & Arts (general) Field leader Haiqing Yu, RMIT Field leader Daniel Black, Monash were perpetuated”, says Agnieszka looked like,” Sobocinska says. Lead institution Deakin Lead institution Uni of Sydney Sobocinska, a senior research fellow in These programs started to focus the School of Philosophical, Historical less on the impact of what the Field Communication Field Language & Linguistics Field leader Jean Burgess, QUT Field leader Kiwako Ito, Uni of Newcastle and International Studies at Monash volunteers were doing and more on the Lead institution Monash Lead institution WSU University. Dr Sobocinska’s work has media and the image of volunteering. Field Drama & Theatre Arts Field Latin American Studies focused on how, from 1950s to the “International development became a Field leader Luke Hopper, ECU Field leader Luis Angosto Ferrández, 1970s, ordinary people helped shape new form of neo-colonialism,” she says. Lead institution QUT Uni of Sydney global relations through tourism, These days volunteering is de Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field English Language & Literature volunteering and international aid. rigueur, with many schools and Field leader Werner Botha, Flinders Field Literature & Writing Pioneered largely in Australia, universities embedding it into their Lead institution UTS Field leader Kristine Moruzi, Deakin among a small group of well-meaning, programs and curricula. But all too Lead institution USQ Field Epistemology & Scientific History Melbourne University-educated often these programs are run with little Field leader David Kaplan, Macquarie Field Middle Eastern & Islamic Studies professionals in the 1950s, volunteering regard for what the recipient nations Lead institution Macquarie Field leader Benjamin Isakhan, Deakin in third world countries would grow to really need or want, Sobocinska says. Lead institution Deakin Field Ethnic & Cultural Studies eventually morph into “voluntourism” Her earlier focus was on travel and Field leader Christina Ho, UTS Field Music & Musicology or “orphanage tourism, an aberration tourism and how it was a politically Lead institution Monash Field leader Emery Schubert, UNSW from early worthy intentions that has significant activity that contributed to Lead institution Uni of Melbourne Field Feminism & Women’s Studies proven to be ultimately exploitative of broader understandings of Australia’s Field leader Kim Toffoletti, Deakin Field Philosophy both recipients and volunteers. relations with Asia. The experiences of Lead institution Monash Field leader Richard Heersmink, La Trobe Sobocinska’s interests lie at the ordinary people in Asian countries Lead institution ANU Field Film intersection of public opinion and helped, for example, bring about an end Field leader Craig Batty, UTS Field Religion international relations. to the White Australia Policy. Lead institution Macquarie Field leader Robert Ross, Macquarie “Volunteering clearly depended on Travel, Sobocinska says, reshaped Lead institution Monash Field Foreign Language Learning ordinary people wanting to help in attitudes towards Asia, which Field leader Alastair Pennycook, UTS Field Sex & Sexuality international diplomacy,” she says. facilitated both personal and societal Field leader Anthony Lyons, La Trobe Lead institution Uni of Melbourne “I’m trying to see how government reassessments of Australian relations Lead institution La Trobe Field French Studies policies and diplomacy was enacted by with Asia.

Field leader Amy Hubbell, Uni of Qld Field Visual Arts rancis F the non-elite – by ordinary, well- Julie Hare Lead institution ANU Field leader Yoko Akama, RMIT n

Lead institution QUT ar o A

32 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 33 Agnieszka Sobocinska Humanities, Arts & Literature Historian, Monash University Australia’s research field leaders Research leader in the field of history

In 1961, a Gallup Poll in the US meaning people and their ideas about These 24 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in humanities, found that more Americans knew the world and how it should look.” arts and literature – one selected from each of the 24 fields in this It became less about the Peace Corps than about the In an upcoming book, Saving discipline. They are the researchers with the highest number of about the act Twist, a dance craze that was then the World? Western Volunteers and the taking the world by storm. rise of the Humanitarian-Development citations from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top of actually Volunteering in developing and Complex, to be published by Cambridge journals in their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top helping people post-colonial nations was hip. Ordinary University Press next year, Sobocinska research institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 and more about people left the creature comforts of examines how tens of thousands of their homes to spend one, two or more Westerners left home to volunteer in journals in the field in the last five years. what young Westerners years in unfamiliar countries in Africa, far-flung corners of the globe. Asia and South America. “Aflame with optimism, they set out looked like By the end of the 1960s, hundreds to save the world, but their actions were of thousands of Australians, Britons invariably intertwined with national and Americans had responded to the and racial power in the overlapping call of development tourism, driven by contexts of decolonisation, globalisation idealism, a sense of adventure and a and the Cold War,” she writes. genuine desire to help others. Over time, the popularity and Field African Studies & History Field Gender Studies The outcomes were, however, “innocence” of volunteering became Field leader Victor Igreja, USQ Field leader Sam Winter, Curtin Lead institution UWA Lead institution ACU mixed. Living in ex-pat ghettos, tarnished as volunteering organisations inexperienced and under-prepared and “sort of developed their own PR Field Asian Studies & History Field History working in programs that often did not industry”, she says. “It became less Field leader Vedi Hadiz, Uni of Melbourne Field leader Agnieszka Sobocinska, Monash Lead institution ANU Lead institution Uni of Melbourne take local interests and wishes into about the act of actually helping people account, “colonial cultures and mores and more about what young Westerners Field Chinese Studies & History Field Humanities, Literature & Arts (general) Field leader Haiqing Yu, RMIT Field leader Daniel Black, Monash were perpetuated”, says Agnieszka looked like,” Sobocinska says. Lead institution Deakin Lead institution Uni of Sydney Sobocinska, a senior research fellow in These programs started to focus the School of Philosophical, Historical less on the impact of what the Field Communication Field Language & Linguistics Field leader Jean Burgess, QUT Field leader Kiwako Ito, Uni of Newcastle and International Studies at Monash volunteers were doing and more on the Lead institution Monash Lead institution WSU University. Dr Sobocinska’s work has media and the image of volunteering. Field Drama & Theatre Arts Field Latin American Studies focused on how, from 1950s to the “International development became a Field leader Luke Hopper, ECU Field leader Luis Angosto Ferrández, 1970s, ordinary people helped shape new form of neo-colonialism,” she says. Lead institution QUT Uni of Sydney global relations through tourism, These days volunteering is de Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field English Language & Literature volunteering and international aid. rigueur, with many schools and Field leader Werner Botha, Flinders Field Literature & Writing Pioneered largely in Australia, universities embedding it into their Lead institution UTS Field leader Kristine Moruzi, Deakin among a small group of well-meaning, programs and curricula. But all too Lead institution USQ Field Epistemology & Scientific History Melbourne University-educated often these programs are run with little Field leader David Kaplan, Macquarie Field Middle Eastern & Islamic Studies professionals in the 1950s, volunteering regard for what the recipient nations Lead institution Macquarie Field leader Benjamin Isakhan, Deakin in third world countries would grow to really need or want, Sobocinska says. Lead institution Deakin Field Ethnic & Cultural Studies eventually morph into “voluntourism” Her earlier focus was on travel and Field leader Christina Ho, UTS Field Music & Musicology or “orphanage tourism, an aberration tourism and how it was a politically Lead institution Monash Field leader Emery Schubert, UNSW from early worthy intentions that has significant activity that contributed to Lead institution Uni of Melbourne Field Feminism & Women’s Studies proven to be ultimately exploitative of broader understandings of Australia’s Field leader Kim Toffoletti, Deakin Field Philosophy both recipients and volunteers. relations with Asia. The experiences of Lead institution Monash Field leader Richard Heersmink, La Trobe Sobocinska’s interests lie at the ordinary people in Asian countries Lead institution ANU Field Film intersection of public opinion and helped, for example, bring about an end Field leader Craig Batty, UTS Field Religion international relations. to the White Australia Policy. Lead institution Macquarie Field leader Robert Ross, Macquarie “Volunteering clearly depended on Travel, Sobocinska says, reshaped Lead institution Monash Field Foreign Language Learning ordinary people wanting to help in attitudes towards Asia, which Field leader Alastair Pennycook, UTS Field Sex & Sexuality international diplomacy,” she says. facilitated both personal and societal Field leader Anthony Lyons, La Trobe Lead institution Uni of Melbourne “I’m trying to see how government reassessments of Australian relations Lead institution La Trobe Field French Studies policies and diplomacy was enacted by with Asia.

Field leader Amy Hubbell, Uni of Qld Field Visual Arts rancis F the non-elite – by ordinary, well- Julie Hare Lead institution ANU Field leader Yoko Akama, RMIT n

Lead institution QUT ar o A

32 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 33 Charles Hunt that kind of targeting than it may be Social Sciences Political scientist for some other kind of military RMIT University intervention, for example, in Australia’s research field leaders Afghanistan, with the Coalition of Research leader in the Willing.” military studies Hunt’s research focus is Africa, These 30 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in the social particularly the post-colonial states of sciences – one selected from each of the 30 fields in this discipline. sub-Saharan Africa, nearly all of They are the researchers with the highest number of citations Robust action by UN peacekeepers to them troubled. calm or resolve conflicts comes with After undergraduate studies in from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top journals in its own dangers, and is fertile ground political science, philosophy and their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top research for Charles Hunt’s research. economics at the University of institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 journals in Once, UN peacekeepers were Birmingham, he began work on a strictly prohibited from using force for master’s degree in international the field in the last five years. anything other than self-defence, no security, specifically on the role of the matter the provocation. UN in conflict prevention, Dr Hunt, now an Australian management and resolution. Research Council DECRA Fellow at During an internship at a RMIT University, has investigated the UN-affiliated training centre in UN’s increased willingness to use Ghana he came to know the force to protect civilians and stabilise complicated bureaucracy of the giant conflicts, and its sometimes body, and the difficulty of making unfortunate results. practical decisions according to wildly “International intervention may varying circumstances. be well-meaning but sometimes has “That was instrumental in me negative, unintended consequences,” becoming more aware of what was Hunt says, pointing to conflicts in really going on, and I wanted to bring which peace enforcement by UN a research lens to that, to develop “blue helmets” provoked reprisals practical, policy-relevant research,” against locals, or against he says. humanitarian organisations with only Hunt spent three years in Africa, distant connections to peace-keepers. working in three countries and “It’s where the UN is particularly visiting many more for the UN with vulnerable and also susceptible to peacekeeping missions. In 2008 he being instrumentalised in that way.” began his doctorate at the University The UN is now grappling with the of Queensland. difficult balance of permitting limited “The idea was to bring back Field Academic & Psychological Testing Field Education peacekeeper force in missions around knowledge and experience from the Field leader David Andrich, UWA Field leader Michael Henderson, Monash Lead institution Monash Lead institution UniSA the world, policed by often field to the ivory tower and write the inadequately trained peacekeepers PhD,” he says. Field Anthropology Field Educational Psychology & Counselling from donor nations. It’s even harder More recently Hunt’s fieldwork Field leader Luca Fiorenza, Monash Field leader Andrew Martin, UNSW Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Lead institution ACU when aggrieved parties including host has been on the UN’s five biggest states are doing everything in their missions in Africa, in Mali, the Field Archaeology Field Environmental & Occupational Medicine Field leader Sam Lin, Uni of Wollongong Field leader Alex Collie, Monash powers to impede UN missions. Central African Republic, the Lead institution ANU Lead institution Monash Groups in Mali, Somalia, Yemen, Democratic Republic of Congo and Syria do not recognise the legitimacy South Sudan. Asked by the Field Cognitive Science Field Environmental Law & Policy Field leader Scott Brown, Uni of Newcastle Field leader Roc Shi, UTS of the UN; they see it as part of an Australian government, he has Lead institution Uni of Newcastle Lead institution Monash illegitimate global order, Hunt says. written a handbook for peacekeepers. Some parties do not He has also been commissioned by Field Criminology, Criminal Law & Policing Field Ethics “In Mali, for example, today it’s Field leader Martin Andresen, Griffith Field leader Colin Higgins, Deakin recognise the very clear that some parties to the the UN to plan for future mission Lead institution Monash Lead institution Monash legitimacy of the UN. conflict do not recognise the scenarios of the future. Field Diplomacy & International Relations Field European Law The UN is now being legitimacy of the UN. The UN is now “Small wins,” he says. “Having Field leader Shahar Hameiri, Uni of Qld Field leader Moeen Cheema, ANU targeted for who being targeted for who it is, rather materials that reflect today’s reality Lead institution Curtin Lead institution UNSW y than just where it is. and raise the risks of both action and it is, rather than just Field Early Childhood Education Field Family Studies “It’s much more difficult for the inaction, is useful, I think.” Field leader Michelle Neumann, Griffith Field leader Alina Morawska, Uni of Qld where it is. UN to stay the course in the face of Sian Powell G eraght

Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Uni of Qld id v a D

34 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 35 Charles Hunt that kind of targeting than it may be Social Sciences Political scientist for some other kind of military RMIT University intervention, for example, in Australia’s research field leaders Afghanistan, with the Coalition of Research leader in the Willing.” military studies Hunt’s research focus is Africa, These 30 scholars are Australia’s leading researchers in the social particularly the post-colonial states of sciences – one selected from each of the 30 fields in this discipline. sub-Saharan Africa, nearly all of They are the researchers with the highest number of citations Robust action by UN peacekeepers to them troubled. calm or resolve conflicts comes with After undergraduate studies in from papers published in the last five years in the 20 top journals in its own dangers, and is fertile ground political science, philosophy and their field. In each field we also name Australia’s top research for Charles Hunt’s research. economics at the University of institution, the one with most citations in the top 20 journals in Once, UN peacekeepers were Birmingham, he began work on a strictly prohibited from using force for master’s degree in international the field in the last five years. anything other than self-defence, no security, specifically on the role of the matter the provocation. UN in conflict prevention, Dr Hunt, now an Australian management and resolution. Research Council DECRA Fellow at During an internship at a RMIT University, has investigated the UN-affiliated training centre in UN’s increased willingness to use Ghana he came to know the force to protect civilians and stabilise complicated bureaucracy of the giant conflicts, and its sometimes body, and the difficulty of making unfortunate results. practical decisions according to wildly “International intervention may varying circumstances. be well-meaning but sometimes has “That was instrumental in me negative, unintended consequences,” becoming more aware of what was Hunt says, pointing to conflicts in really going on, and I wanted to bring which peace enforcement by UN a research lens to that, to develop “blue helmets” provoked reprisals practical, policy-relevant research,” against locals, or against he says. humanitarian organisations with only Hunt spent three years in Africa, distant connections to peace-keepers. working in three countries and “It’s where the UN is particularly visiting many more for the UN with vulnerable and also susceptible to peacekeeping missions. In 2008 he being instrumentalised in that way.” began his doctorate at the University The UN is now grappling with the of Queensland. difficult balance of permitting limited “The idea was to bring back Field Academic & Psychological Testing Field Education peacekeeper force in missions around knowledge and experience from the Field leader David Andrich, UWA Field leader Michael Henderson, Monash Lead institution Monash Lead institution UniSA the world, policed by often field to the ivory tower and write the inadequately trained peacekeepers PhD,” he says. Field Anthropology Field Educational Psychology & Counselling from donor nations. It’s even harder More recently Hunt’s fieldwork Field leader Luca Fiorenza, Monash Field leader Andrew Martin, UNSW Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Lead institution ACU when aggrieved parties including host has been on the UN’s five biggest states are doing everything in their missions in Africa, in Mali, the Field Archaeology Field Environmental & Occupational Medicine Field leader Sam Lin, Uni of Wollongong Field leader Alex Collie, Monash powers to impede UN missions. Central African Republic, the Lead institution ANU Lead institution Monash Groups in Mali, Somalia, Yemen, Democratic Republic of Congo and Syria do not recognise the legitimacy South Sudan. Asked by the Field Cognitive Science Field Environmental Law & Policy Field leader Scott Brown, Uni of Newcastle Field leader Roc Shi, UTS of the UN; they see it as part of an Australian government, he has Lead institution Uni of Newcastle Lead institution Monash illegitimate global order, Hunt says. written a handbook for peacekeepers. Some parties do not He has also been commissioned by Field Criminology, Criminal Law & Policing Field Ethics “In Mali, for example, today it’s Field leader Martin Andresen, Griffith Field leader Colin Higgins, Deakin recognise the very clear that some parties to the the UN to plan for future mission Lead institution Monash Lead institution Monash legitimacy of the UN. conflict do not recognise the scenarios of the future. Field Diplomacy & International Relations Field European Law The UN is now being legitimacy of the UN. The UN is now “Small wins,” he says. “Having Field leader Shahar Hameiri, Uni of Qld Field leader Moeen Cheema, ANU targeted for who being targeted for who it is, rather materials that reflect today’s reality Lead institution Curtin Lead institution UNSW y than just where it is. and raise the risks of both action and it is, rather than just Field Early Childhood Education Field Family Studies “It’s much more difficult for the inaction, is useful, I think.” Field leader Michelle Neumann, Griffith Field leader Alina Morawska, Uni of Qld where it is. UN to stay the course in the face of Sian Powell G eraght

Lead institution Macquarie Lead institution Uni of Qld id v a D

34 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 35 Social Sciences Australia’s research field leaders Field Forensic Science in a health context. It is something Field leader Duncan Taylor, that’s increasingly being recognised, I SA Govt think, partially as a response to that Lead institution UTS paper,” she says. Field Geography & Cartography Research prowess runs in the Field leader Robyn Dowling, family: Morawska’s mother, Lidia, is Sydney recognised as a Lifetime Achiever this Lead institution Uni of Melb year. Field Health Policy & Medical Law Morawska’s keen interests now are Field leader Abby Haynes, Sydney Monash the importance of tooth brushing, Lead institution nutrition, physical activity habits and Field Higher Education screen time. Field leader David Boud, UTS Lead institution Deakin “The behaviours associated with good health outcomes are often Field Human Migration established very, very early in Field leader Loretta Baldassar, WA Lead institution Monash childhood and have consequences throughout the lifespan,” she says. Field International Law Field leader Heng Wang, UNSW The challenge for parents is how Lead institution UNSW to balance those things in their children’s lives and what that means Field Military Studies Field leader Charles Hunt, RMIT for their own behaviour, the examples Lead institution Monash they are setting. Field Political Science “Sometimes parents can be quite Field leader Robert Thomson, ambivalent about whether change is Monash even necessary or how to go about Lead institution Uni of Sydney change. Lots of parents are concerned Field Public Policy & Administration about children having excessive Field leader Brian Head, Uni of Qld screen time, but they themselves have Lead institution ANU an awful lot of screen time and they Field Science & Engineering also see the value and the benefit it Education Alina Morawska can have for children. Field leader Rola Ajjawi, Deakin Psychologist, University of Queensland “The bigger issue is what that Lead institution Monash Research leader in family studies displaces, what children aren’t doing Field Social Sciences (general) when they’re spending much of their Field leader Akemi Takeoka Chatfield, Uni of Wollongong time in front of some screen.” Lead institution UNSW Alina Morawska’s most cited paper is parents, from their closest family. Morawska also studies the efficacy Field Social Work about what influences binge drinking, “Prevention is really my passion, of parenting programs. Field leader Anastasia Powell, written as part of her honours degree, and ensuring that we can prevent “I’ve increasingly focused on very RMIT but these days she writes other highly some of society’s major problems in brief interventions — a two-hour Lead institution UNSW referenced papers about helping terms of health and mental health.” session, a group session, or listening Field Sociology parents cope with the complex This drew her away from her first to a series of recorded podcasts for an Field leader Megan Woods, challenges of raising well-rounded career plan, medicine. hour or two can deliver very similar Uni of Tas Lead institution Uni of Qld human beings. “I felt that that was very much outcomes to a much longer, more However, the deputy director of about ‘treating’ and I was much more intensive intervention,” she says. Field Special Education the Parenting and Family Support interested in how we can reduce some “Sometimes a bite-sized chunk of Field leader Pearl Subban, Monash Lead institution Uni of Newcastle Centre at the University of of the problems of society,” Morawska intervention can nudge parents in the Queensland, home of the highly says. “That is why I went into right direction, give them confidence Field Teaching & Teacher Education Field leader Sarah Prestridge, regarded Triple P – Positive Parenting psychology. If you’re going to prevent to make further steps.” Griffith program, sees a clear link between things, you have to start with Now she has embarked on another Lead institution Deakin children.” line of inquiry that also promises to that early work with setting an early Field Urban Studies & Planning course to good physical and mental That is why another paper she keep her busy: “I am particularly Field leader Tan Yigitcanlar, QUT health. wrote, in 2015, about parenting interested in the development of Lead institution Uni of Melb “Preschoolers can tell you what children with chronic illness, is gender stereotypes in children and particularly important to her. the extent to which they can be espeare alcohol does to people and why k people drink,” Dr Morawska says. “It frames the conversation altered by differences in parenting.”

S ha “Where do they get that? From their around the importance of parenting Jill Rowbotham ussell R

36 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 PARTNER CONTENT

cience gives us the tools to the critical technology areas such as cyber, theorise, predict, observe and quantum technologies and enhanced human experiment. It allows us to performance, which Australia must nurture. extend our knowledge, solve The Next Generation Technologies Fund will S problems and develop new make further investment of $1.2 billion over the technologies, to be curious, next decade. and explore what may be possible. The best way to The Defence Innovation Hub accepts proposals search for truth and solutions is together, to solve that are ready to enter the engineering and our problems cooperatively by harnessing our development stages, and has more than $800 million collective strengths and abilities. of investment planned over the decade. The Department of Defence’s Science and A new research initiative known as the Technology Group (DSTG) is Australia’s Industry Competitive Evaluation Research second-biggest national science agency, comprising Agreement (ICERA) , was launched in August a little more than 2000 staff. We bring together 2020 with successful applicants expected to be interdisciplinary expertise from across Australia, announced in October. from universities, co-operative research centres, ICERA will offer small businesses academies and industry. Problem solving opportunities to investigate innovative and Our award-winning scientists tackle a range of visionary projects that contribute to Defence problems, from mine countermeasure technology in Defence priorities. temperatures to contributing to the whole-of- must aim The Defence Minister recently announced the government response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Defence and Maritime Innovation and Design In July, the Prime Minister declared we were for the STaRS Precinct for Tasmania. This development will living in “one of the most challenging times we foster maritime solutions as well as a broad range have known since the 1930s and early 1940s”, of science and technology capabilities and which is why the government committed about More, together also outlines a shift in the way connects academics from across the country to $3 billion towards innovation, science and Defence science and technology will work. We support Defence science and technology. technology in defence over the next decade. will focus on agility and being technology In addition, construction of a next-generation In May 2020, Defence Minister Linda agnostic so we are positioned to insert new High Performance Computing Centre in Adelaide Reynolds released More, together: Defence Science technologies and solutions as they emerge. Our has begun. A supercomputer will support and Technology Strategy 2030. More, together strategic effort will be directed towards a advanced research, modelling and introduces a new concept for DST programs: problem-oriented research agenda asking “what is experimentation in Defence, and stress-test its Science, Technology and Research Shots (STaR the question we are trying to answer?” rather most expensive and sophisticated equipment in Shots). These STaR Shots are inspirational and than the traditional applied research agenda. virtual creations of real-world environments. aspirational programs to focus strategic research Our partnerships with industry and By focusing on a smaller number of specific and produce innovative outcomes. universities are integral to giving Australia a and challenging problems, scale and intensity can This strategy provides the blueprint for technological and capability edge. We are be increased to deliver transformational impact. Defence’s science and technology research, and strengthening our ties with Australia’s university The emergence of new technologies — like introduces three strategic pillars: One Defence sector to enable greater collaboration. For the first hypersonic weapons, high-speed and long-range science and technology capability; Brilliant people, time, the Defence Science Partnerships Program missiles, and artificial intelligence — is collaborative culture; and Outstanding research — a framework that helps Australian universities increasingly challenging traditional military infrastructure powering innovation. to work with Defence — involves every public capabilities. These pillars will help DST scale up the university in Australia. Focusing our national science and technology national science and technology enterprise to Defence is strengthening the innovation enterprise on mission-directed research will tackle Australia’s unique strategic challenges. ecosystem by ensuring that the two signature ensure Australia is best positioned to realise its Through More, together, DST will help ensure innovation programs, the Next Generation advantages in a rapidly evolving environment. the recently released 2020 Defence Strategic Update Technologies Fund and the Defence Innovation and 2020 Force Structure Plan will be driven by a Hub, are more joined up and give industry and Professor Tanya Monro comprehensive, coherent and agile innovation academia clear pathways to connect to Defence. Chief Defence Scientist system that links Defence’s plans with industry The Next Generation Technologies Fund is Department of Defence’s Science and Technology Group initiatives. the principal vehicle by which DST can pursue

SEPTEMBER 23 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 37 PARTNER CONTENT

ACU strives for world-leading standards in research quality

ith a research strategy Renée Bolinger (part-time), Sam Carter, Nevin transforming the practices and experience of focused on areas of Climenhaga, Stephanie Collins, Christina Dietz, education. The Research Centre for Sports specialisation related to our Dmitri Gallow, Simon Goldstein, Verónica Gómez, Performance, Recovery, Injury and New mission and identity, the David Killoren, Tyler Paytas and Juhani Yli-Vakkuri. Technologies (SPRINT) is advancing knowledge in W Australian Catholic The second institute to be developed in the performance, recovery and injury in the sporting University (ACU) has past year commenced in January with the domain. The Healthy Brain and Mind Research achieved research excellence in our priority areas appointment of Professor Joy Damousi FAHA, Centre aims to improve mental health, of education, health, theology and philosophy, FASSA, president of the Australian Academy of the participation and wellbeing. The Research Centre and other liberal arts. The recent establishment Humanities, as director of the Institute for for Studies of the Second Vatican Council will of two research institutes and a cluster of centres Humanities and Social Sciences. An award- expand understanding of one of the most strengthens this strategic focus. winning historian of memory, war and migration, significant events in the history of the Catholic Given ACU’s commitment to the humanities she also leads the Centre for Refugees, Migration, church in the 20th century. and social sciences, the university has invested and Humanitarian Studies. The past 12 months also coincided with ACU’s strongly in the new research institutes, adding to The institute has recruited an internationally exceptional improvement in world university earlier investment in health and education. renowned professoriate including Sheila Fitzpatrick subject rankings. In nursing we are now ranked The Dianoia Institute of Philosophy FAHA (modern Russian history); Susan Broomhall 18th globally in the Shanghai-based Academic commenced in 2019 and aims to achieve a FAHA (early modern gender and emotion, and Ranking of World Universities. In education, ACU world-leading position for philosophical research director, Centre for Gender and Women’s History); ranks 56th in the world, in sport science we are in the analytic tradition. Led by Professor Stephen Iain McCalman AO, FAHA, FASSA, FRHist, 26th, and we continue to climb in the Times Finlay, Dianoia aspires to excellence in the central FRSN (British and European history, Higher Education rankings for psychology, and for areas of philosophical inquiry such as metaphysics, environmental humanities); Kate Fullagar arts and humanities. We are the top-ranked epistemology, ethics and metaethics, logic, social (comparative Indigenous history); Amanda Australian university by proportion of high-quality and political philosophy, aesthetics, history of Nettelbeck FAHA (colonial legacies); Paul Kenny papers in social sciences and the humanities, and philosophy, and the philosophy of mind, language, (southeast Asian politics and populism); Bryan in biomedical and health sciences, as shown by the religion and science. Turner FASSA (sociology of religion); Jack Barbalet CWTS Leiden rankings for 2020, the first year that Dianoia has developed a strong profile by (economic and political sociology, and director, we were ranked. adding to existing staff a distinguished Centre for Social and Political Change); and Peter I congratulate our researchers whose professoriate — John Hawthorne (metaphysics, Holbrook FAHA (literature, especially outstanding achievements are demonstrated by epistemology, philosophy of language), Gillian Shakespeare and English Renaissance, and our rankings, as well our Excellence in Research Russell (logic, philosophy of language), Peter Fritz director, planned Centre for Literary Criticism). for Australia assessments. (logic, metaphysics, philosophy of language), Other centres established this year include the Clayton Littlejohn (epistemology, ethics, Research Centre for Digital Data and Assessment Professor CWF McKenna metaethics) — who join our senior and junior in Education, which addresses a global knowledge Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) scholars Sam Baron, Kyle Blumberg, gap in how new and emerging technologies are Australian Catholic University

38 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23 2020 Life Sciences & Earth Sciences Australia’s research field leaders

These 30 scholars are Field Agronomy & Crop Science Field Hydrology & Water Resources Field Leader David Edwards, UWA Field Leader Albert van Dijk, ANU Australia’s leading Lead institution CSIRO Lead institution CSIRO researchers in the life Field Animal Behaviour & Ethology Field Insects & Arthropods sciences – one selected Field Leader Leigh Simmons, UWA Field Leader Geoff Gurr, CSU Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Sydney from each of the 30 Field Animal Husbandry Field Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (general) fields in this discipline. Field Leader Jennie Pryce, La Trobe Field Leader Terry Hughes, JCU They are the researchers Lead institution UNE Lead institution Monash Field Atmospheric Sciences Field Marine Sciences & Fisheries with the highest number Field Leader Harry Hendon, BoM Field Leader Alistair Hobday, CSIRO of citations from papers Lead institution BoM Lead institution CSIRO published in the last five Field Biodiversity & Conservation Biology Field Microbiology Field Leader David Lindenmayer, ANU Field Leader Philip Hugenholtz, Uni of Qld years in the 20 top Lead institution Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Adelaide journals in their field. In Field Biophysics Field Mycology each field we also name Field Leader Marcus Pandy, Uni of Melb Field Leader Tom May, RBG Victoria Lead institution Griffith Lead institution CSIRO Australia’s top research Field Birds Field Oceanography institution, the one with Field Leader Leo Joseph, CSIRO Field Leader Alexander Babanin, Uni of Melb most citations in the top Lead institution ANU Lead institution CSIRO Field Botany Field Palaeontology 20 journals in the field in Field Leader Belinda Medlyn, Western Field Leader Guang Shi, Uni of Wollongong the last five years. Lead institution UWA Lead institution UNE Field Cell Biology Field Pest Control & Pesticides Field Leader Robert Parton, Uni of Qld Field Leader Bhagirath Singh Chauhan, Lead institution Monash Uni of Qld Lead institution Uni of Melb Field Developmental Biology & Embryology Field Leader Rebecca Lim, Monash Field Plant Pathology Lead institution La Trobe Field Leader Donald Gardiner, CSIRO Lead institution Uni of Qld Field Ecology Field Leader Jane Elith, Uni of Melb Field Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids Lead institution CSIRO Field Leader David Greening, Baker Lead institution La Trobe Field Environmental Sciences Field Leader Huu Hao Ngo, UTS Field Soil Sciences Lead institution Uni of Qld Field Leader Budiman Minasny, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Evolutionary Biology Field Leader Robert Lanfear, ANU Field Sustainable Development Lead institution Uni of Melb Field Leader Robert Costanza, ANU Lead institution UTS Field Forests & Forestry Field Leader Jason Sharples, UNSW Field Zoology Lead institution Western Field Leader Chris Dickman, Uni of Sydney Lead institution Uni of Sydney Field Geochemistry & Mineralogy Field Leader Nigel Cook, Uni of Adelaide Lead institution Uni of Adelaide Field Geology Field Leader Peter Cawood, Monash Lead institution Curtin

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 39 Life Sciences & Earth Sciences Australia’s research field leaders

“It’s innovative in that nobody could really look at this in the kind of detail necessary at the micron to nanometre scale that we’ve been doing, tracking these distributions and how they change,” Cook says. “It has scientific benefits in terms of developing the technologies to do this kind of diagnosis with enormous potential in other industries, but also I became very practical implications for end users.” Cook’s most cited paper is 1990 interested in the role research showing how gold may be minerals have present but invisible in common played in human sulphides, but a close second is a 2009 history and culture paper on trace and minor elements in sphalerite, the first of a series on trace ... and what gold, elements in a variety of common silver and other minerals. minerals have really These minor elements — meant for including critical minerals such as humankind rare earths cobalt, tellurium, indium and germanium — are a “big passion”. They have myriad purposes, from mobile phones, LED visual displays and semi-conductors, to “the Nigel Cook fancy alloys in pushbikes” and Geologist, University of Adelaide defence technologies. Research leader in the field of geochemistry & mineralogy They are found in large mineral deposits but at generally low concentrations, and extracting them As a boy holidaying in Cornwall, have really meant for humankind for the minerals industry, but also just requires “a pretty sound mineralogist and geochemist Nigel over the years.” stimulating their curiosity as well.” understanding of where they’re Cook would pick up stones on the After training in his native For the past decade, a range of sitting, to enable innovative and beaches. “Then I started seeing shiny England and working all over the projects, many linked to BHP’s viable extraction technologies to be ones around the copper mines and tin world, he came to South Australia 11 copper mine at Olympic Dam, and developed”. mines — that really fascinated me,” years ago, attracted by its his stint from 2015-20 as director of “I’ve always been interested in says the professor in the School of sizeable minerals industry and the the Australian Research Council’s useful minerals,” Cook says. Civil, Environmental and Mining university’s world-class microanalytic Research Hub for Australian Australia has huge potential, not Engineering at the University of laboratories. Copper-Uranium, have given him only to mine and process critical Adelaide. “Having better and better facilities scope for research that contributes to minerals, but also to use them in “My big love, apart from minerals, available to understand minerals of economic growth in South Australia. manufacturing, keeping the value has always been history. I became all kinds of scales has been He has investigated the here. Working with partners, he says, very interested in the role minerals instrumental in pushing the research distribution of uranium and what “we could establish ourselves as a have played in human history and limits,” Cook says. happens to the “daughter” products of globally recognised centre of culture, all the way from the Stone He was also keen to keep uranium decay over time in mineral expertise in a sector requiring bold Age, Bronze Age, pigments in teaching. “I enjoy getting other deposits, how they move around, and trans-disciplinary innovation across Renaissance paintings and so on, and people excited about what I do, seeing the implications for the processing the whole value chain”. what gold, silver and other minerals the direct relevance for the economy, and generation of clean concentrates. Jill Rowbotham Kelly Barnes Kelly

40 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 PARTNER CONTENT

“Flinders University swiftly stepped in and provided the required expertise that industry needs.” “To protect our frontline health workers, face masks and medical gowns need to be able to filter out bacteria, resist blood splatter, withstand wear and tear, and yet still be easy to breathe through. “To ensure their safety and efficacy, these items must be tested to strict standards. Previously testing has been undertaken in the United States, but in the current environment, companies are experiencing lengthy delays in being able to obtain results. Through this facility, we have the capacity to perform the testing locally and support local industry.” The facility is also serving as a research hub for studies investigating the effects of fit and long-term wear on mask efficiency. Meanwhile, a trial is under way at Flinders Medical Centre to test 3D-printed face mask seals that are moulded individually to the faces of healthcare workers. The novel seals are designed to reduce the Flinders filling the breach potential for infection caused by ill-fitting masks during high-risk procedures. in health and robotics The Caring Futures Institute at Flinders University illustrates the strength of a multi- disciplinary approach to providing solutions for ext-gen robotics, a bespoke and provide training to help build advanced digital public health issues. Drawing on the research facemask that works, and capabilities in our workplaces. expertise of health science, medical, nursing and better care for the aged. At “To help ensure Australia is at the cutting edge social welfare experts, the Caring Futures first glance they have little in of the advanced manufacturing revolution we are Institute is engaging with Australia’s health-care N common, but they’re united working with the best-of-breed research and industry in the wake of the Royal Commission by Flinders University development facilities globally, including the into Aged Care Quality and Safety. research, fuelled by robust industry engagement Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre in This holistic engagement with a broad industry that is propelling some powerful collaborative Sheffield, UK — the world’s leading advanced sector will have sweeping influence and drive projects. manufacturing accelerator, funded by the British reform, informing government policy and industry With industrial transformation a fundamental government’s Industry Catapult Program — and best practice and delivering stronger models for challenge facing Australia’s economy and society, the University of Strathclyde’s Advanced Forming the care of the elderly. Flinders is taking a leading role in shaping the Research Centre,” Spoehr says. Within this dynamic sector, Professor Julie future workforce. The university’s research Another timely example of harnessing Ratcliffe leads a team that continues ARC-funded expertise is providing benefits for companies by Flinders’ research expertise for industrial progress work on quality of life measures, collaborating delivering practical solutions through innovative and community need is the creation of a dedicated with aged-care providers on a diagnostic tool thought and decisive action. testing facility for personal protective equipment being developed for commercial use. This is exemplified by a research partnership (PPE). The success of these endeavours underlines with BAE Systems/ASC Shipbuilding and the Researchers at the Medical Device Research Flinders University’s strategy to ensure its Innovative Manufacturing CRC at the Tonsley Institute have established a testing facility that research addresses the needs of industry and plays Innovation District. Joint research is being done enables compliance testing of protective a crucial role in shaping progress. on human factors that influence the uptake of equipment such as surgical masks, respirators and The depth and breadth of research that advanced manufacturing technologies and medical gowns. connects directly with the needs of industry shows processes. Flinders research has helped industry to how deeply committed Flinders University is to “The purpose of the research is to support the diversify into their manufacture, enabling work in close partnership with industry. development of world class ‘digital’ shipbuilding in production to be ramped up. It results in the types of innovation and Australia as part of the Hunter Class Future “The serious disruption of PPE supplies during transformation that benefit all of society. Frigate program,” says Professor John Spoehr, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the director of the Australian Industrial importance of investing in local capabilities, both Transformation Institute at Flinders University. in manufacturing and testing. It is more important Professor Robert Saint “Our ‘factory of the future’ facilities support than ever to establish an Australian-based testing Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) testing of the latest manufacturing technologies facility,” MDRI director KarenReynolds says. FLINDERS University

SEPTEMBER 23 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 41 PARTNER CONTENT

Dugalunji Aboriginal strengths for the state, to join business leaders, Corporation employees harvest spinifex grass on the research teams and investors to solve problems outskirts of Camooweal to that affect people, the economy and the use as part of their research environment. collaboration with the UQ has also embraced this approach with University of Queensland. five research impact themes: building better Picture: UQ bioeconomies; achieving resilient environments and livelihoods; designing technology for tomorrow; transforming societies; and leading healthy lives. Through our Global Change Research Networks, we connect UQ experts with government, corporations and investors. One such alliance is an industry-led agribusiness consortium based out of Toowoomba, Queensland. This emerging initiative is the result of collaborations between state government and UQ (the Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation), and its extension into an alliance incorporating year ago, as we anticipated large corporates and the vibrant start-up and the dawn of a new decade, Covid recovery local business community. It aims to address no one could have predicted advanced primary production, advanced food the relentless challenges of will be only and fibre manufacturing, agri-food A 2020. Devastating as strong as sustainability and intelligent supply chains, and bushfires, escalating digitisation by attracting and contributing to political tensions, social unrest and of course, a our alliances the global AgriFood community. deadly global pandemic, have created such Similarly, a collaboration between UQ’s global disruption that we are likely to feel the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and aftershocks for decades. Nanotechnology and the Dugalunji Aboriginal Many are resting hopes on the swift rollout Corporation at Camooweal, supported by the of a COVID-19 vaccine to restore the world to harnessing the collective capability of Queensland government, has the potential to “normal”. While this is an essential step on the corporations, start-ups, venture capitalists, revolutionise the global sustainable materials road to global recovery — and the University of research organisations and governments has industry, while creating jobs and boosting the Queensland (UQ) vaccine team is helping lead the potential to offer sustainable solutions of regional economy, and producing outcomes the way — the events of this year will impact far lasting impact and myriad benefits. that can be commercialised, manufactured and more than just global health. Such multi-organisational research and distributed at scale. Using nanofibres in native “Normal” means something quite different innovation ecosystems offer diverse and spinifex grass to make stronger and thinner to what it did 12 months ago, and rebuilding our complementary knowledge, infrastructure and latex, the project could have wide-reaching economy may be our greatest, lasting challenge strength. Critically, they can progress discovery applications in industries such as health care, once an effective vaccine is available. But rather past its traditional resting place in publications devices and contraceptives. than returning to old ways, we should be taking by offering, for example, manufacturing or To facilitate alliances like these, this year what we have learned from this period — that distribution that translates innovation into has offered many lessons amid the disruption. innovation and collaboration at speed, and commercial solutions quickly. Strong calls to action, clarity around priorities, investment in key capabilities, essential — and To achieve thriving research and innovation and longer-term commitments to funding will using it to improve the world. ecosystems like these, governments and allow researchers and organisations to better So, knowing this, how can research and research organisations must offer compelling focus on what they do best — discovery, innovation contribute to the hard work of calls to arms to mobilise the collective interest innovation, translation and rapid recovery? The essential element to ensure and investment of all parties. commercialisation, which will ultimately research innovation translates into lasting Several organisations and governments are benefit all Australians as we focus on rebuilding impact is collaboration. already acting on this. our economy. That word is almost a cliché, often perceived The CSIRO’s mission-directed research and Visit: research.uq.edu.au. as a two-way process: parties sharing ideas to development approach challenges researchers, achieve an outcome, which can just as often government and organisational partners to mean securing a grant or publishing a paper as “prepare for our nation’s unfolding needs” with Professor Bronwyn Harch it can delivering a tangible solution to a eight core areas of research. Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research), situation where it’s needed. The Queensland government has similarly Vice President (Research), University of Queensland However, powerful alliances formed by developed areas of traditional and emerging

42 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23 2020 he Early Achievers Leaderboard lists the five top researchers from Early Achievers Australian universities and research institutions in each of the eight major Leaderboard discipline areas, who are less than 10 years into their career. To identify the five top researchers in each area we calculate an H-index for each of them and divide it by the length of their Rising career in years (the number of years since their first citation). The H-index, named for Tphysicist Jorge Hirsch who suggested it in 2005, is stars defined at the highest number H such that a given researcher has published H papers which have been cited H times. It measures both productivity and impact. These are Australia’s top 40 For example, if a researcher has published 50 papers, young researchers, the leaders each of which has at least 50 citations, but has not managed to go one better and publish 51 papers each of the future with at least 51 citations, then their H-index is 50.

Business, Economics & Management

Nik Steffens Jun Wen Danni Zheng Dinh Phan Sara Quach Human Resources and Tourism and Hospitality Tourism and Hospitality International Business Marketing Organisations At Edith Cowan University, his At the University of At La Trobe University, his At Griffith University, At the University of research interests include Queensland, her research research interests include her research includes Queensland, he researches the nexus between tourism includes the attitudes asset pricing, forecasting and relationship marketing, concepts of self and identity in China, New Zealand and of residents at tourism commodity markets. consumer behaviour and in organisations. Australia. destinations. retailing.

Chemical & Material Sciences

Xiaoguang Duan Dongliang Chao Zengxia Pei Yijun Zhong Yu Zhang Chemical Kinetics and Materials Engineering Materials Engineering Materials Engineering Electrochemistry Catalysis At the University of Adelaide, At the University of Sydney, At Curtin University, he At UNSW Sydney, her At the University of his research includes the he is developing high- researches batteries, fuel research interest includes Adelaide, he researches design and synthesis of performance electrically cells and electrochemical black silicon solar cells. environmental technology, advanced materials. rechargeable zinc-air catalysis. green catalysis batteries. and nanomaterials.

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 43 Early Achievers Leaderboard Rising stars

Engineering & Computer Sciences

Liang Zheng Tongliang Liu Yunchao Wei Xin Xia Srecko Joksimovic Computer Vision and Computer Vision and Multimedia Software Systems Educational Technology Pattern Recognition Pattern Recognition At the University of At Monash University, he At the University of South At the Australian National At the University of Sydney, Technology, Sydney, his researches data science for Australia, he researches University, his research his research includes research includes computer software engineering. the symbiosis of human includes personal designing algorithms to enable vision and machine learning. and artificial cognition. re-identification and medical machine learning. image understanding.

Health & Medical Sciences

Felix Ogbo Simon Rosenbaum Azmeraw Amare Hojabr Kakavand Kefyalew Alene Public Health Psychiatry Psychiatry Oncology Communicable Diseases At Western Sydney At UNSW Sydney, as an At the University of Adelaide, At the University of Sydney, At Curtin University, University, he researches exercise physiologist his he researches precision he researches gut and lung he researches spatial epidemiology, global health research includes physical medicine, pharmacogenomics microbiome interaction with epidemiology of infectious and maternal and child activity and mental illness. and translational medicine. lung cancer development. diseases including welfare. tuberculosis.

Humanities, Arts & Literature

Miriam Forbes Kelly-Ann Allen John Mingoia Marcus Carter Jasmine Fardouly Sex and Sexuality Religion Communication Humanities, Literature and Communication Arts At Macquarie University, At Monash University, At the University of South At Macquarie University, she her research includes her research includes Australia, his research At the University of Sydney, researches social influences improving understanding of connectedness and includes the effect of media his research includes human- on young people’s mental the empirical structure of belonging at school. literacy on the desire for computer interaction and and physical health. psychopathology. tanned skin. game studies.

44 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 Life Sciences & Earth Sciences

Dane Vassiliadis Mohammad Iranmanesh Yang Wu Qinglin Chen Lachlan Howell Life Sciences & Sustainable Development Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences Biodiversity and Earth Sciences Earth Sciences Conservation Biology At Edith Cowan University, At the University of At the Peter MacCallum he researches chain supply At the University of Melbourne, her interests At the University of Cancer Centre, he studies management, digital Queensland, his research include soil ecology and Newcastle, his research epigenetic modalities marketing and technology interests include statistical microbiology, and antibiotic interests include conservation driving therapeutic management. genetics. resistance. public policy and biobanking. resistance in cancer.

Physics & Mathematics

Xingyuan Xu Gholamreza Kefayati Toan Dinh Daria Smirnova Tuan-Khoa Nguyen Optics and Photonics Thermal Sciences Condensed Matter Physics Condensed Matter Physics Condensed Matter Physics and Semiconductors and Semiconductors and Semiconductors At Monash University, At the University of Tasmania, his research includes his research interests include At the University of Southern At the Australian National At Griffith University, his integrated neurotrophic fluid mechanics and heat Queensland, his research University, her research research includes micro optics, microcombs and transfer. includes micro/nano- interests include nonlinear fabrication of MEMS sensors microwave photonics. electromechanical systems. optics and nanophotonics. and devices.

Social Sciences

Blesson Varghese Sefa Churchill Theresa Dicke Rachel Kelly Duy Nong Environmental and Environmental Law Educational Psychology and Environmental Law Environmental Law Occupational Medicine and Policy Counselling and Policy and Policy At the University of At RMIT University, At the Australian Catholic At the University of Tasmania, At CSIRO, his research Adelaide, his research his research includes University, she researches her research interests include interests include energy, interests include work- development economics, self-belief’s role in stress social licence and marine environmental and related injury epidemiology macroeconomics and energy development and health conservation. agriculture economics. and prevention. economics. maintenance.

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 45 A Revolutionary approach to Medicine: Synthetic Anti-Infectives Anti-Infectives are used as our frontline treatment for everyday and life threatening bacterial and viral infections; however, with the emergence of new viral pathogens and the rapid increase of drug resistant bacteria, existing medications and treatments are proving insufcient.

Limitations of Traditional A New Hope cell lysis without undue inhibition Emerging Viral Moving Forward of healthy cells and after more than Anti-Infectives Pathogens – COVID-19 Recce Pharmaceuticals (ASX: RCE) is 25 repetitive uses in in vitro studies, Recce’s compounds have a unique The accelerating rise in multi-drug addressing these urgent global health RECCE® 327 did not display any In response to the pandemic outbreak mechanism of action against hyper- resistant microbes, or superbugs, problems as they pioneer a new class loss of efcacy. of COVID-19, Recce Pharmaceuticals mutation of bacteria and viruses, of synthetic anti-infectives. Recce’s which gives new hope for prescribing have outpaced the development RECCE® 327 demonstrated capability has expanded its infectious disease anti-infectives have been designed clinicians and the millions of patients of new antibiotics; threatening our against some of the world’s deadliest research to better understand how with a unique mechanism of action, who today have few or no treatment ability to treat common infections. bacteria including Methicillin-Resistant their synthetic anti-infectives may with the goal of re-empowering options left. Recce Pharmaceuticals Due to an increase of patients no Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), be efective in treating viruses as physicians in their potential of an will continue to advance their longer responding to standard courses Neisseria gonorrhoeae, E. Coli, well as their common subsequent efective treatment that may be used compounds and pipeline with of antibiotics – higher dosages are Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterial co-infections. prescribed by physicians leading to repeatedly against a broad range of the mission of treating and curing and Infuenza A. Anti-infectives developed by Recce toxicity concerns and reduced efcacy bacteria and viruses. Recce’s lead the diseases that pose the greatest Pharmaceuticals have been recognised over time. Likewise, the emergence candidate, RECCE® 327, has been Recce has since introduced two new health threats. nationally and internationally by of viral pathogens for which no formulated using synthetic polymer compounds to their anti-infective research organisations and have since efcacious treatment exists – present technology to treat blood infections pipeline, which will be further been accepted into their programs a huge threat. The rapid spread of and sepsis. It has the ability to expanded upon in due course: to analyse their efcacy against these pathogens and their subsequent continuously kill bacteria without recce.com.au RECCE® 435 A broad spectrum SARS-CoV-2. bacterial coinfections further tendency for the emergence of antibiotic for oral use ASX:RCE demonstrate the immense need resistance, even with repeated use, RECCE® 529 A new synthetic for a revolutionary solution. indicating a unique ability to combat antibiotic resistant superbugs. Studies polymer formulation with indication to date indicate RECCE® 327 to have against viruses a unique ability to cause bacterial A Revolutionary approach to Medicine: Synthetic Anti-Infectives Anti-Infectives are used as our frontline treatment for everyday and life threatening bacterial and viral infections; however, with the emergence of new viral pathogens and the rapid increase of drug resistant bacteria, existing medications and treatments are proving insufcient.

Limitations of Traditional A New Hope cell lysis without undue inhibition Emerging Viral Moving Forward of healthy cells and after more than Anti-Infectives Pathogens – COVID-19 Recce Pharmaceuticals (ASX: RCE) is 25 repetitive uses in in vitro studies, Recce’s compounds have a unique The accelerating rise in multi-drug addressing these urgent global health RECCE® 327 did not display any In response to the pandemic outbreak mechanism of action against hyper- resistant microbes, or superbugs, problems as they pioneer a new class loss of efcacy. of COVID-19, Recce Pharmaceuticals mutation of bacteria and viruses, of synthetic anti-infectives. Recce’s which gives new hope for prescribing have outpaced the development RECCE® 327 demonstrated capability has expanded its infectious disease anti-infectives have been designed clinicians and the millions of patients of new antibiotics; threatening our against some of the world’s deadliest research to better understand how with a unique mechanism of action, who today have few or no treatment ability to treat common infections. bacteria including Methicillin-Resistant their synthetic anti-infectives may with the goal of re-empowering options left. Recce Pharmaceuticals Due to an increase of patients no Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), be efective in treating viruses as physicians in their potential of an will continue to advance their longer responding to standard courses Neisseria gonorrhoeae, E. Coli, well as their common subsequent efective treatment that may be used compounds and pipeline with of antibiotics – higher dosages are Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterial co-infections. prescribed by physicians leading to repeatedly against a broad range of the mission of treating and curing and Infuenza A. Anti-infectives developed by Recce toxicity concerns and reduced efcacy bacteria and viruses. Recce’s lead the diseases that pose the greatest Pharmaceuticals have been recognised over time. Likewise, the emergence candidate, RECCE® 327, has been Recce has since introduced two new health threats. nationally and internationally by of viral pathogens for which no formulated using synthetic polymer compounds to their anti-infective research organisations and have since efcacious treatment exists – present technology to treat blood infections pipeline, which will be further been accepted into their programs a huge threat. The rapid spread of and sepsis. It has the ability to expanded upon in due course: to analyse their efcacy against these pathogens and their subsequent continuously kill bacteria without recce.com.au RECCE® 435 A broad spectrum SARS-CoV-2. bacterial coinfections further tendency for the emergence of antibiotic for oral use ASX:RCE demonstrate the immense need resistance, even with repeated use, RECCE® 529 A new synthetic for a revolutionary solution. indicating a unique ability to combat antibiotic resistant superbugs. Studies polymer formulation with indication to date indicate RECCE® 327 to have against viruses a unique ability to cause bacterial Global research collaborations Co-authorships with top universities

Australian universities and other research institutions work with the best universities in the world but, for historical reasons, lean more toward the UK than the US

ver the past four decades the Global elite universities’ collaboration with University of Australian researchers Melbourne is the Co-authorships with Australian-based researchers Australian institution whose 1500 researchers have 1332 1185 collaborated most with the top 10 1000 941 world research universities as listed by 650 632 the Academic Ranking of World 545 O 500 400 Universities this year. 228 Melbourne researchers undertook 178 148 679 collaborations with them from 1979 0 to 2019, as measured by the number of rd fo MIT x co-authored papers published jointly O Harvard Priceton Caltech Chicago Stanford Berkeley Columbia by their academics and world top 10 Cambridge universities. Source: League of Scholars The ARWU top 10 are: Harvard, Stanford, Cambridge, MIT, Berkeley, Princeton, Columbia, Caltech, Oxford, and Chicago. US universities make up eight of the top ten but Australian academics favour Oxford and Australian university research collaboration with the global elite Cambridge particularly Melbourne, Co-authorships with ARWU top 10 universities. where nearly 40 per cent of its top 10 partnerships were with Oxbridge. 800 Oxford (with 1,332) had more 679

Australian partnerships than any other 600 567 552 top 10 university, Cambridge was next 475 456 with 1,185. 400 390 Interestingly, the ARWU top 10 224 212 200 189 185 184 collaborations of Australia’s big five 142 126 120 113 106 104 98 94 medical research institutes – Baker, 85 Garvan, Florey, Walter and Eliza Hall, 0 e y h ie e n e n g le n e U W Q O A id T T th ti b i n t and QIMR Berghofer – make up a r n as N U R ar TS U fi r o k o as u d n S I u W la MI if u r a g T as o y o A N S q U e U Q R r T n U c lb S U C c d G C a De o w higher proportion (4-12 per cent) of e M a A L ll e M M o N their total research collaborations than W any university can show. The highest Source: League of Scholars university is ANU at 3 per cent.

48 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 Business research collaborations Co-authorships with industry

The ANU and the University of Adelaide work more with industry in their published research than any other universities. But Australia lags the world in university-industry collaboration

he Australian National Australian university research collaborations with industry University and the % of publications from 2017-20 with industry co-authors University of Adelaide link more 4 3.7% 3.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.4% 3.4% with industry in 3.2% 3.2% 3.1% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% their research than 3 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.5% 2.4% 2.4% any other 2.3% 2.3% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 2 1.9% 1.9% universities in 1.6% Australia. In the past three years 3.7 1 perT cent of research papers published by ANU academics had a co-author in 0 industry, and the University of U th N UQ fi Adelaide scored nearly as high, at 3.6 A QUT UTS UNE WSU JCU UniSA RMIT Curtin UWA Sydney CSIRO UNSWMonash Flinders Deakin Grif Adelaide MaquarieMurdoch Aus total La Trobe Tasmania per cent. As a state, South Australia Melbourne Swinburne Newcastle Wollongong rates highly in university-industry Source: League of Scholars collaboration, with the University of SA scoring well at 3.5 per cent. Not surprisingly, the CSIRO also scores relatively highly at 3.4 per cent. The rate for Australia as a whole is only 2.3 per cent, significantly lower than for other comparable developed nations. Global research collaborations with industry The US, South Korea and % of publications from 2017-20 with industry co-authors Switzerland have the highest rate of

5.0% university-industry collaboration at 5 5 4.8% 4.5% per cent, 4.8 per cent and 4.5 per cent

3.9% 3.8% respectively. France, Sweden, 4 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.6% 3.4% 3.2% Germany, Denmark, China, the 3.0% 3 2.4% Netherlands, Canada, the UK, India 2.3% 2.3% and Spain also score higher than 2 1.9% 1.5% 1.4% Australia on this measure. 1.2% 1.1% 1 The big players in the digital 0.5% 0.4% economy are the major research 0 collaborators. The top 10 which Italy India Brazil collaborate most with Australian States France China Spain Turkey Poland Ireland Sweden Canada Ukraine GermanyDenmark Australia Portugal Indonesia researchers are, in order: Google, Switzerland Netherlands United South Korea United Kingdom IBM, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook, Source: League of Scholars Intel, Huawei, General Electric, Oxbotica and Genentech.

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 49 Top ten Business research methods Mycorrhizal symbiosis E. Bell, A Bryman, B. Harley S.E. Smith, D.J. Read books Oxford University Press, 2018 Academic Press, 2010 20,364 citations 15,668 citations Australian scholarly books which made the most impact

The mouse brain in Gender and power: articularly in the humanities and social sciences, books are a stereotaxic coordinates Society, the person and significant avenue for researchers to record and disseminate G. Paxinos, K.B.J. Franklin sexual politics their findings. Academics at Australian universities, other Academic Press, 2019 R.W Connell higher education institutions and research organisations have 15,384 citations John Wiley & Sons, 2013 14,037 citations produced more than 13,600 scholarly books, written by more than 7200 different authors. Most of them would not be regarded by the public as best sellers. Yet the academic book published in the past 10 years with the highest impact – Business Research Methods by Emma Bell, Alan Bryman and the University of PMelbourne’s Bill Harley – was cited more than 20,000 times by other researchers in all editions. Second was Mycorrhizal Symbiosis by Sally Smith, an eminent scientist at the University of Adelaide, with over 15,000 citations. Smith, who died last year, was a world authority on the topic, which describes Fractals everywhere Simulation and the Monte M.F. Barnsley Carlo method the mutually beneficial connection between a plant’s roots and fungi in the soil Academic press, 2014 R.Y. Rubinstein, D.P. Kroese – vital knowledge for agricultural production. Scholars affiliated with the 8,392 citations John Wiley & Sons, 2017 University of Sydney have been the most prolific book authors, publishing 2865 7,512 citations books, compared to 2446 from the University of Queensland, 2319 from the Australian National University and 2223 at the University of Melbourne.

Books by researchers at universities The politics of the earth: Traumatic stress: The Peer reviewed books published by Australian academics by author affiliation 1979-2019 Environmental discourses effects of overwhelming J.S. Dryzek experience on mind, body, 3000 2865 Oxford University Press, 2013 and society 5,084 citations B.A. Van der Kolk, A.C. 2446 McFarlane, L. Weisæth 2319 2223 Guilford Press, 2012 4,468 citations 2000 1776 1525 1518 1222

1000 897 865

0 y The myth of the e Resilience thinking: n d ANU y powerless state S UNSW Griffith sustaining ecosystems and Monash Adelaide La Trobe Melbourne Macquarie Queensland people in a changing world L Weiss B Walker, D Salt Cornell University Press, 2018 Source: League of Scholars Island Press, 2012 3,179 citations 3,766 citations

50 RESEARCH THE AUSTRALIAN H SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 PARTNER CONTENT

Open knowledge and open scholarship are foundations of research, as are freedom of speech and the academic freedom of our researchers. Public funding for research via the Australian Research Council and the National Health and Medical Research Council mandates that Australians publish their work in open access literature — it must be freely available to everyone — by decree of our government. Innovation is the implementation of ideas to create value. When research reflects demand, innovation is built into the game plan. This works to maximise the returns to the people of Australia. It also ensures Australia’s contribution to solving global challenges occurs rapidly. Innovation planning helps us to choose what to protect and how to protect it for our sovereign strength. Australia has carried out “secure” research for as long as we’ve undertaken “open” research. However, we have entered an era in which government and society are now asking that our intellectual endeavours are explicitly Research in Australia is a global partitioned — not everything should remain open. collaboration sport The university sector has participated fully with government in framing the Guidelines to Counter Foreign Interference in the Australian ustralia is a global leader in persistence. It is impossible to ace any ranking University Sector and we are moving forward research. This requires years without long-term investment. One cannot apace with implementation. As we do this, it is of training, brilliant rank highly in research by having a blinder on critical that we remember what makes us one of individual performances, the day. Persistence, labour, institutional the strongest research nations on earth: A teamwork and turning up to backing with government and community collaboration. We are a society open to the play every day. Most support are critical. contributions of those from different cultures research matches are played in the open with Communities support research because they and life experiences. Being a world leader no restrictions on crowds. However, it is also can experience the benefits. Storytelling is remains a sensible concept only when we mix it important to protect our national security by needed so that things people would otherwise with the world’s best. playing some of our games in front of home take for granted are known to originate from The data are clear. Australia performs at crowds only. Australian universities are working our research. least as well internationally in research as we do hard to be careful and adept players in the An international activity, research is in sport. Wouldn’t it be great to see the media restricted version of the sport. It is a work in distinguished from sport in a profound way. For have daily pages of research as they devote to progress. For open research, I think it would be decades our research institutions have been sport? What if the middle pages of every great to devote the middle pages of every populated with talent from all corners of the newspaper were dedicated to research? What a newspaper to celebrate our research champions planet. We attract the best of the best, and they strong, constructive and positive signal that and their wins. willingly join our communities and contribute would be to the community of Australia who It is gratifying to see The Australian again to our endeavours. avidly read the sport and news sections! Rather undertaking an assessment of the strength of Researchers are the best because they than just a once-a-year league table, we could Australian research. It is wonderful to read compete and collaborate internationally; their highlight how their research successes are accolades for great Australian researchers, early excellence is measured in global terms. Just like improving the lives of Australians every day. career and senior alike. the rest of Australian society, our research Let’s hope we can soon open the middle Research is an international endeavour. In institutions combine the knowledge and proud, pages of The Australian daily and be enthralled the recent Academic Ranking of World ever-revealing histories of First Nations in its celebration of our great researchers and Universities, only the US and Britain had more Australians with that of other people born here, their achievements. universities in the Global Top 100 — a those who move here, and others who visit. remarkable achievement given Australia’s In these dynamic collaborations, we Professor Chris Moran population and investment in research. exchange methods, materials, data, culture and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) For us to be this competitive requires ideas, and all share the societal benefits. Curtin University

SEPTEMBER 23 2020 H THE AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH 51 CRICOS Provider 00025B Provider CRICOS

Australian vaccine to clamp down on global pandemic

The University of Queensland’s rapid-response UQ research has vaccine research team is using novel molecular-clamp global impact. technology to fast-track a vaccine that will immunise Discover more at against the global threat of COVID-19. research.uq.edu.au The vaccine is in phase 1 human clinical trials – a rapid response made possible thanks to support from our valued partners*.

* UQ’s valued COVID-19 partners include the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), CSL Limited, Nucleus Network, CSIRO, GSK, Doherty Institute, ANU, Lonza, Thermo Fisher Scientifc, Syneos Health, Seqirus, Dynavax, ViroClinics Xplore, the Queensland Government’s Advance Queensland initiative, the Australian Government, and many generous donors.