2846 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 10 CONFIRMATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ea:eouti"'e nmn:inations confirmed by the Senate Febrr,ary 10 FRIDAY, (legislaU'Ge day of Feb1·uairy 9), 1928 February 10, 1928 POSTMASTERS · The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. Jamt>s Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered CONNECTICUT the following prayer: Louis J. A. Stefon, Baltic. Our blessed, blessed Heavenly Father, Thou hast called us Frank D. Stanton, Stonington. to a great task. We would prepare ourselves at Thy altar, and INDIANA there exercise the greatest and the humblest virtue, which is Walter J. Daunhauer, Ferdinand. penitence. May our greatest victories be wrought in our own Dora B. Henderson, Lakeville. hearts. Let the thought of God become· increasingly preciou · Harvey E. McNees, 'Vinchester. to us. Open Thou our eyes that may behold wonrlrous things out of Thy law. Show us the wealth that lies beneath the KANSAS old familiar ,;vord. 0 teach us over again the glory of that Ro~a M. Harmon, Oil Hill. treasure that lies hidden in the songs of Zion, and rai.·e us up to that height of a spiration which was the summit of the MAINE prophets of old. Make these hours golden by revealing unto us D\Yight P. Macartney. Oakland. Thy wisdom. But, above all, make us men aftt:•r God's own Lysle \V. Folsom. Sprin~vale. heart-which is, make us just, loving, generous, and magnani LestH E. Goud, Top ham. mous. Through Chri ·tour Savior. Amen. MICHIGa.N The JoUI'nal of the proceedings of yesterdny was read and approved. ,V, DeMont Wright. Harbor Springs. Harry C. Ziegler, 'Vayne. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE MISSOURI A message from the Senate, by Mr. Craven. its principal clerk, announced that the Seuate had passed without amendment bill;:; Harley C. Shively, Hamilton. of the following titles: Tom D. Purdy, Harris. H. R. 473. An act authorizing the ARhland Bridge Co.. its Jennette M. Boisseau, HoldP.n. successors and a~igns, to construct, maintain, and operate a 'EVADA bridge across the Ohio River at or near Ashland, Ky. ; and Margaret F. Rackliffe, Hawthorne. H. R. 7902. An act granting the consent of Congres to the State Highway Department of the State of Alabama to construct, NEW YORK maintain, and operate a free highway bridge across the Coosa Edgar F. Cummings, Beacon. River at or near ·wetumpka, Elmore Cotmty, Ala. Albert B. W. Firmin, Brooklyn. The me sage al~o announced that the Senate had passed a William E. Lent, East Williston. concurrent resolution and bills of the follo'>ving titles, in which l\Iary 1\Iurdie, Loon Lake. the concurrence of t he House of Representatives wa re Anna E. McHugh, Seaford. quested: Carlyle S. Hoskins, Stillwater. S. Con. Res. 10. Concurrent resolution requesting certain in John De Frine, Williamson. formation from the Interstate Commerce Commission relntive NORTH CAROLINA to regulation of freight rates with a view to equalizing pros perity among producers of commodities; James L. Edwards, Newport. S.l478. An act to authqrize an · appropriation for the con NORTH DAKOTA struction of a road on the Lummi Indian Reservation, Wash.; ann William E. Knox. Antler. S. 2656. An act to establish a minimum area for a Shenandoah Albert E. Gutekunst, Dr~.yton. Joseph H. Huseby, Leeds. National Patk, for administration, protection, and general de Ivah A. Miller,.Nome. velopment by the National Park .__!ervice, and for other pur Jame Fitzpatrick, Sawyer. poses. SENATE CO:'il'Cl;RRENT RESOLUTION REFERRED OREXWN Cora Maconn, Warrenton. A concurrent reSolution of the followiug title ·was taken from the Speaker's table. and, under the rule, I'eferred to the appro PE -NSYLVANIA !niate committee, as follows : Mary A. Kerr, Boyers. S. Con. Res. 10. Concurrent resolution requestin~ certain in William W. Latta, California. formation from the Interstate Commerce Commis~ion relative Kathryn L. Petrini, East BL·ady. to regulation of freight rates with a view to equalizing pros Roy R. Rhodes, Freedom. perity among producers of commodities; to the Committee on Frank Kerr, Madera. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. William M. Thomas, Ridgw·ay. ENROLLED BILLS S lG NED Edward G. Carper, Roaring Spring. Harry L. Kel1ey, Slippery Rock. 1\Ir. CAMPBELL, ft·om the Committee on Enrolled Bill. ·, re ll"'rank G. Jones, Spartansburg. l)()rted that they had examined and fouud truly enrolled bills· of Helen L. Chaffee, \Vesleyville. the following title. , when the Speaker signed the same: H. R. 473. An act authorizing the Ashland Bridge Co.. its TENNESSEE successors and assign·, to construct, maintain, and operate ·a Baltis L. Kemp, Adamsville. bridge across the Ohio River at or near Ashland, Ky.; Mamie D. Phillips, Brighton. H. R. 7013. An act authorizing and directing til Secretary of William T. McCown, Fayetteville. 'Var to lend to the Governor of Arkansas 5,000 canvas cotR, Samuel P. Raulston, .Jasper. 10,000 blankets, 10,000 bed sheets, 5,000 pillows, 5,000 pillow John D. Brooks, Russellville. cases, and 5,000 ma.t:tr~ses or bed sacks to be uRed at the en Thomas E. Richard ·o n, Tullahoma. campment of the United Confederate Veterans to be held at TEXAS Little Rock, Ark., in 1\Iay, 1928; Jefferson D. Bell, Bartlett. H. R. 7902. An act granting the consent of Congress to the Neeley R. Vaught, Burkburnett. State Highway Department of the State of Alabama to consh·uct, Eugene Webb, Corrigan. maintain, and operate a free highway bridge acroL·s the Coosa James R. Melvin, Gilmer. River at or near Wetumpka, Elmore County, Ala.; an SEATS ON FLOOR OF S~ATE AND .HOUSE FOR OABINET OFFICERs M~. BLANTON. In order _to get a ruling by the Chair, I REFERENCE OF A BILL make the point of order that .that bill is improperly before the Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker,- I call attention to the bill H. R. Committee on the Judiciary. 5625, introduced by the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. MoN.:. The SPEAKER. Th€ Chair would not sustain that point of TAG'CE], providing that the heads of execqtive departme~ts may order. The Chair thinks that the Committee on the Judiciary occupy seats on the floor of the Senate and the House of Rep would have jurisdiction, but the. Chair is clear that the ref resentatives, which bill has been referred to the Committee on erence would be more properly to the Committee on Rules. In the Judiciary. l\1y object in calling it to the attention of the default of any action by the Committee on Rules, the Chair Speaker a.t this time is because I believe the bill should have thinks the bill had better remain where it is. been properly referred to the Committee on Rules, as the bill PERMISSION TO COMMITTh"E ON IMMIGRATION TO SIT DURI ~ G deals entirely with the ru1es of the Senate and the House. Rule SESSIONS OF HOUSE XXXIII of the House, for instance, prortdes who shall be ad Mr. JOHNSON of 'Vasbington. Mr. Speaker, I ask w1ani~ mitted to the :floor of the House, and Rule XII defines the rights mous consent that the Committee on Immigration and Natm·ali~ of people such as Delegates who are not Members of the House. zation may sit during the sessions of the House. I think there is no doubt that the bill should have been prop The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Washington asks erly referred to the Committee on Rules, but it i not my desire unanimous consent that the Committee on Immigration and or intent to ask that it be rereferred.. I merely want to protect Naturalization may be permitted to sit uuring the sessions of the rights of the Committee on Rules in regard to any future the House. I there objection? bills of this character. Mr. GAH.RETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I hope the gen Mr. 1\IADDEN. l\1r. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? tleman from 'Vasbington will fix a time limit when this com Mr. SNELL. Yes. mittee may do that, and not have it during the entire Congress. lli. MADDEN. If the gentleman does not make the objec Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. I am willing to modify my tion now as to the jurisdiction of the committee to which this request1 bill was referred, he would be too late to make it when that ~Ir. GARRETT of Tennessee. For 30 days. committee reported the bill. Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. .\.bout that. Give us the Mr. SNELL. I am not going to make any objection, as month of March. fur as this bill is concerned. I merely rise to call tbe atten Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. I have asked the gentleman, tion of the Speaker to the situation, and to suggest that in who is chairman of the Committee on Immigration, to limit it the future uch bills be refened to the Committee on Rules. to 30 days. Mr. 1\1ADDE1.~. Does this bill give the right of debate to Mr. JOIL'\TSON of- Washington. Very well. 1\Ir. Speaker, I Cabinet offfcers ? modify my request and ask that the committee may sit during Mr. SNELL. Yes. the se sion. of the House for 30 dass. l\Ir. MADDEN. I should not think they would want that, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Washington asks although we might like to have orne of them here so that we unanimous consent that the Committee on Immigration and could interrogate them on things they (lo not know anything Naturalization may be permitted to sit <}uring the .. es ions of about. the House for the next 30 days. Is there objection? Mr. MONTAGUE. l\Ir. Speaker, will the gen~eman yield? There was no objection. Mr. SNELL. Yes. . GUARANTY OF BANK DEPOSITS Ur. :MONTAGUE. I under tand from the gentleman from M1·. HOWARD of Nebraska. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous New York thRt he thinks as a matter of procedure this bill consent to speak for two minutes rjgbt now. should have the reference be has just indicated, but that, as the lawyers say, he only · makes the point for futut·e reference. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Nebraska a. ks unani~ mous consent to address the . House for two minutes. Is there Mr. SNELL. That is al1. objection? Mr. ~IONTAGU:ID. He does not ask for a rereference of the b'ill? . There was no objection. Mr. HOWARD of Nebraska. Mr. Speaker, during recent . 1\Ir. SNELL. I do not. days I have beard many Members of the House speaking almost l\fr. MO£\'TAGUE. I may ay that is satisfactory to me, tearfully about the great losses sustained by their home people although I indicated no preference for a reference of this bill through the unfortunate failure of bankJ, and I have read of originally. I think the bill has been to two committees and large sums of money being carried even by airplanes to bolster is now before the Committee on the Judicia1·y. up tottering banks. At this moment I desire to eiplain to all M1·. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, will the Chair permit a par of them an easy way to get rid of an such apprehensions on liamenta.I·y inquh·y? their pal't and of all such losses on the part of their con~ The SPEAKER. Yes. stituents. 1\Ir. BLANTON. If it be the rule that this bill should There is now pending before this House a bill known as prope1·Iy go to the Committee on Rules, and the chairman of H. R. 5576, which provides a law to guarantee the deposits of that committee not seeing fit to demand his jul"isdiction, is not the people in national banks along the line of the deposit law that a matter that any Membe~; of the Honse can exercise a with referen<:e to State banks in Nebra ~ ka, under the adminis prerogative in re5-pect to and ask that the ru1e be enforced? tration of which law in 17 years no person has ever lost a . The SPEAKER. The Chair would recognize any gentleman dollar. Under t'he circumstances to .ask unanimous consent for a re Now, I want to get this bill passed if I can, but in the l:eference, but the Chair thinks that the Committee on the Judici meantime I suggest to all my colleagues the advisability of ary has jurisdiction over a matter of this sort. However, now suggesting to their home folks that they ~hould send their .that the attention of the Chair ha.s been called to the matter, deposits to Nebraska, where the bank deposits are guaran be does not hesitate to say that the Chair thinks that a more teed and where no person bas lost 61" can lose a dollar. proper reference wou1d have been to the Committee on Rules. [Applause.] Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, to get a ruling by the Chair, Mr. C~"DBLOM. Can the gentleman tell us who intro~ as I am' against that bill, and being a little afraid that the dnced the bill he refers to? influence of 1;he distinguished gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Mr. HOWARD of Nebraska. An eminent member of our MoNTAGUE] might be so strong that the Committee on the State delegation introduced the bill, but a feeling of modesty Jmliclary will favorably report it when probably it wou1d not be so reported from the Committee on Rules-- . prevents me from announcing his identity. [Laughter.] Mr. SNELL. I wish the gentlem~ would not make the &EOBGE WASHINGTO~\S BIRTHDAY reque. t at this time. l\Ir. MOORE of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous Mr. BLANTON. I make the point of order in order to get consent to address the House for two minutes. the matter before the Speaker. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. S1\TELL. I hope the gentleman will withhold it for the gentleman from Virginia? . present. I think the matter will work out satisfactorily later. There was no objection . lii·. BLANTON. But after the Committee on the Judiciary Mr. MOORE of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, on the 22d of Feb reports the bill the gentlemtln from New York will have lost his ruary, in the year 1800, following the death of General Wash rJghts in the matter. ington in December of the previous year, the anniversary of his Mr. SNELL. But they haye not reported it as yet. birth was celebrated in Alexandria city, and that has been the :ur. BLANTON. But they might report it. · custom ever since. Mr. SNELL. Certainly; they could report anything that was On the coming February 22, which falls on Wednesday, before them. there will be such a celebration, marked by more than usually '2848 CON GRESSIO~ AL RECORD-ROUSE FEnRUAR.Y 10 impressive ceremonies. One of the incident will be a, recep two or three days about some admiral in the Navy trying to tion by the Governor of Virginia and Mrs. Byrd of the Presi discredit some person, some branch of the service, or predicting dent of the United States and the other gue~ts who may honor war with some major nation, all for the purpose of stimulating the occasion by their pre..., ence. I am requested by the George sentiment in favor of the greatest shipbuilding program in all Washington Bh·thday Association, a very old association, which the world. was organized about 30 days after the death of Washington, I think the country would like' the Secretary of the Navy to to invite the Members and officer · of the House and their answer this question: Who is inspiring these admirals to go out wives to attend the approaching celebration. Tho e of them whenever an occasion presents itself for the purpose of devel011- who find it possible to do so will be most heartily welcomed ing sentiment in favor of this great shipbuilding naval policy? by the community which was the county seat of Washington's It will be remembered that Admiral Magruder made a sugges county of Fairfax for most of his active life, which was, as tion relative to economy in the Navyt and off came his head; we would now say, his home town, and with which he was but when these other admirals come out for the purpo~e of more closely and con tuntly identified than ,,·ith any other molding public ~entiment and trying to discredit aircraft and locality. In no other locality are there such vivid and unfad all those connected with it, and the Secretary of the Navy does ing memories of the wonderful soldier and statesman who is . not act, I feel there is something radically wrong here in Waslt everywhere venerated as the master builder of our great Re ington, and I think that any admiral who would try to discredit public. I have no doubt that Governor Byrd, of Virginia, Lindbergh, who has done more for this Nation than any other will communicate individually with the Members of the House. unofficial repreRentative we have ever had, ought to be dealt [Applause.] with in a way so that we will have no more di graceful, NAVAL AIRCRAFT POLICY uncalled-for outbursts. [Applau e.] l\1r. McCLINTIC. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous conEent to CONSTRUC-'TION OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS address the House for five minutes. Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker. I call up the conference report The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gen- on the bill H. n. 278, and a. k for its immediate consideration. tleman from Oklahoma? The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Indiana calls up the There was no objection. conference re11ort on the bill H. R. 278, which the Clerk will 1\lr. McCLINTIC. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, report. there appeared in the m·ening papers of yesterday and the morn The conference report and accompanying statements were ing papers a news item which quotes Admiral Philip Andrews, read. of Boston, Mass., as making a statement evidently for the pur CONFEREXCE REPORT pose of discrediting Colonel Lindbergh' · successful flights. The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the This admiral makes the statement that such flights were 95 to two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (II. R. 98 per cent luck. It would seem to the casual observer, and I 278) to amend section 5 of the act entitled "An act to provide view it in this manner, as an underhanded rap at Colonel Lind for the con, truction of certain public buildings, and for other bergh and aviation. This admiral tried to discredit the ability JHU1)()Se!':," approved May 25, 1926, having met, after full and of one of the greatest flyers that the world has ever produced. free conference have agreed to recommend and do recommend [Applause.] to their resp£>ctive Hou~s as follows: Admiral Andrews, in making his unwarranted criticism, tloes That the House r£>cede from its disagreement to the amend- not take into consideration the fact that this flyer has been making daily trips in the air for the past six or seven month', in ments of the Senate nuruuet·ed 1 and 2, and agree to the ~ume. all kinds of weather, and, in addition, making landings at places RICH.AUD N. ELLIOTT, where airplane::: have never flown before. Colonel Lindbergh FRITZ G. LANHAM, has used only one machine in a serie of flights-in addition to J. WILL TAYLOU, cro ·sing the ocean-which carried him into every State in the Managers on the part of the House. Union, and tile remarkable fact about the longest tour ever IIE:s-RY w. KEYES, made in tile United State· was that the" Lone Eagle of the Air" F. E. wARREN, always arrived at his destination on time. E\eryone remember Manage-rs o-n tlle 1Jarl of tlle Senate. that a short while ago Colonel Lindbergh flew from Washington to Old Mexico, and after visiting there a few days be began a ST.-\.TEMEXT tour of certain South American countrie ·, which brought him The managers on the part of the- Hou e u t the conf~rence on into contact with Eome of the most difficult obstacles that have the disagreeing votes of the two House · on the amendments of ever been faced by any aviator, and I believe I am safe in say the Senate to the bill (H. R. 278) to amend section 5 of the ing that he arrived on time at every place with the exception act entitled "An act to provide for the construction of certaiu of one, where he was delayed on account of fog~. I suppo ~ e public buildings, and for other purposes,·· approved May 25. that this learned admiral would say that th~e additional flights 1926, submit the following written statem£>nt eA-plaining the were 98 per cent luck. It is not luck, but, on the other hand, effect of the action agreed on by the conference corutuittee and pluck and the ability to know how to navigate the air. submitted in the accompanying conference report : I would like to know who is it that is sponsoring certain On amendment No. 1 : 1\Iakes the amount of annm1l expendi admirals to come out in newspaper articles and throw rocks in tures of $35,000,000 available, "beginning with the fiscal vear the way of criticism at those who are trying to build up not 1928." • only aviation but in addition the finest international feeling On amendment No. 2: Provid€'8 that expenditures out~ide of that was ever promoted by any ambas-·ador of this Nation or the Di~trict of Columbia under the provisions of section 5 of otherwise. This particular naval officer is not satisfied with the public building act of May 25, 1926, shall not exceed taking a fling at Lindbergh and avtation, but in addition he $10,000,000 annually (in lieu of $5,000,000) in any one of the makes certain statements which leave the impression that our States, Territories, or posses. .ions of the United States. two new airplane carriers. costing more than $80,000,000, will RICHARD N. EJT.LIOTT, not be successful. Everyone that has kept up with the progress FRITZ G. LA.-HAM, of aviation now knows that there are in the Navy some officers J. WILL TAYLOR, who have done everything in their power not only to discredit Managers on tlw pm·t of tlw House. aviation but to leave the impression with the public that certain types of ships are more important than this branch of national The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the confer defense. ence report. During the hearings now being held before the Naval Affairs The conference report was agreed to. Committee testimony has been given showing that airplane ear riers will be able to combat an enemy with bombing planes for WAR DEPARTME~T APPROPRIATION BILL a distance of 200 miles before an attacking ship can get within The SPEAKER. Th~ C'lerk will report tl•e first amendment gun range. If this is true, and it has not been denied, then the on which a separate vote is demanded. most dangerous citizen in the Nation is that class of individuals The Clerk read as follows : who are so prejudiced against new, up-to-date appliances of Page 55, line 4, aftl-r the word "training," strike out the Si!!D anu · defense as to try to poison the minds of the public in favor of figures "$2,125,600 ·• and insert in lieu the1;cof the sign and figut·es the kind of ships that are now thought by many to be obsolete. "$2,657,000." I have no patience with any kind of a superannuated officer be be in the Navy or the Army-who has a mind that can not The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeinrr to the amend . accept new ideas, and the quicker this Nation can retire such ment. .individuals from the service the better off we will be. I believe Mr. BARBOUR. Mr. Speaker, I demand the yeas and nays. that the people are ·getting tired of reading in the papers every The yeas and nays were ordel'ed. 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE • 2849 The question was taken ; and there were--yeas 268, nays 95, Porter Sabnth Sullivan Williamson Quayle Sears, Fla. Taylor, Tenn. Wingo not voting 70, as follows : Rathbone Sirovich Tucker Wood [Roll No. 28] Reed, Ark. Steagall Welch, Calif. Ziblman Robsion, Ky. Strong, Pa. Weller YEAS-268 Romjue Strother Williams, Mo. A..be:rnethy Englebright Kelly Reed, N. Y.• So the amendment was agreed to. Allen Estep Kemp Reid, Ill. Allgood Evans, Calif. Kerr Robinson, Iowa The Clerk announced the following pairs: Almon Evan~>, Mont. Ketcham Rogers On this vote : Anclrew Faust Kiess Row bottom Mr. Connery (for) with Mr. Graham (against). Arentz F·enn Knutson Rubey Mr. Rathbone (for) with Mr. Hooper (against). Arnold Fish Kopp Rutherford Mr. Combs (for) With Mr. Foss (against). As well Fisher Korell Sanders, N.Y. Mr. Bland (for) with Mr. Cooper of Ohio (against). Bacharach Fletcher Kurtz l:landers, Tex. Mr. Burdick (for} with Mr. Begg (against). Bachmann Fort Lanham Sandlin Mr. O'Connor of New York (for) with Mr. Wood (against). Bacon Frear Lankford Schafer Mr. Mead (for) with Mr. Anthony (against). Beers Free Lea Sears, Nebr. Mr. Kindred (for) with Mr. Beck of Pennsylvania (against). Bell Freeman Leavitt Seger Frothingham Mr. Jacobstein (for) with Mr. Conno1ly of Pennsylvania (against). Black, N.Y. Leech Shallenberger Mr. Connally of Texas (for) with Mr. Johnson of Illinois (against). Blanton Fulbright LehJbach Simmons Fulmer Mr. Romjue (for) with Mr. Michaelson (against) . Bloom Lindsay Sinclair l\Ir. Fitzpatrick (for) with Mr. Strong of Pennsylvania (against). Bowman Furlow Linthicum Sinnott Gallivan Mr. Quayle (for) with Mr. Porter (against). Box Lozier Some1·s, N. Y. Mr. Celler (for) with Mr. Kendall (against). Boylan Gambrill Lyon Speak. Brand, Ga. Garber McClintic Spearing Until further notice : Brand, Ohio Gardnerh. Ind. McFadden Sproul, Kans. Mr. Adkins with Mr. Dominick. Briggs Garner, Tex. McKeown Stalker Mr. Dowell with Mr. Kunz. Brigham Garrett, Tenn. McLeod Stedman Mr. Roy G. Fitzgerald with Mr. Steagall. Britten . Garrett, Tex. McMillan Steele Mr. Hickey with Mr. Weller. Buchanan Gasque McReynolds Stevenson Mr. 1\Iaas with Mr. Ayres. Buckbee Gibson McSwain Stobbs Mr. Ll"atherwood with Mr. Tucker. Bulwinkle Gifford McSweeney Strong, Kans. M.r. Zihlman with Mr. Griffin. Burton Glynq Major, Mo. Snmnl"rs, Tex. Mr. Strother with Mr. Williams of MissourL Butler Golder llfanlove Swank Mr. Robsion of Kentucky with Mr. Doyle. Canfield Goodwin ;Mansfield Sweet Mr. Williamson with Mr. Wingo. Cannon Gregory Martin, La. Swing Mr. Campbell with Mr. Gilbert. Carew Green, Fla. Martin, Mass. Tarver Mr. Lampert with Mr. Dickstein. Carley Greenwood Mic-hener Tatgenhorst Mr. Eaton with Mr. Goldsborough. Carter Guyer Miller Taylor, Colo. Mr. Taylor of Tennessee with Mr. Sears of Florida. Cartwright Hadley Milligan Temple Mrs. Langley with Mr. Auf der Heide. Casey Hale Montague Thatcher Mr. Bohn with Mr. lgoe. Chalmers Hall, Ill. Mooney 'l'hompson Mr. Boies with Mr. Sirovich. Chapman Hal1, Ind. Moore, Ky. Thurston Mr. Welch of California with Mr. Larsen. Cl.Jase Hall, N.Dak. Moore, N.J. Tillman Mr. Bowles with Mr. Reed of Arkansas. Clancy Hancock Moore, Ohio Timberlake Mr. Hoffman with l\lr. Sabath. Clarke Hardy Moorman Treadway Mr. Monast with Mr. Sullivan. Cochran, Mo. Hare Morehead Underhill Cohen Hastings Morgan Underwood Mr. DOUGLASS · of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, my col Collier Haugen Morin Updike league Mr. CoNNERY is unavoidably absent on account of the Colton Hawley Morrow Vincent, Mich. Corning llill, Ala. Nelson, Me. Vinson, Ga. - death of a near relative. If present, he would vote "yea." Crail Hill, Wash. Nelson, Mo. Vinson, Ky. 1\fr. CONNALLY of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I desire to vote. Crosser Hogg Norton, Nebr. Wainwright. The SPEAKER. Was the gentleman present and listening Crowther Hope Norton, N.J. Ware Cullen Howard, Nebr. O'Brien Warren when his name was called? Curry Howard, Okla. O'Connell Watres Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I came in while· the Dallinger Hudspeth O'Connor, La. Weaver r·oll was being called. I do not know whether my name had Darrow Hughes Oldfield Welsh, Pa. Davenport Hull, Tenn. Oliver, N.Y. White, Colo. been passed or not, and I . can not say I was present and Davey Bull, Wm. E. Palmer White, Me. listening. Denison Irwin Palmio:;ano Whitehead The SPEAKER. The gentleman does not qualify. DeRouen James Parker Williams, TeL Dickinson, Mo. Jeffers Parks Wilson, La. The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Dough ton Jenkins Peavey Wilson, Miss. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Douglas, Ariz. Johnson, Ind. Pou Winter Douglass, Mass. Johnson, Okla. Prall Wolverton Mr. McCLINTIC. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Drane Johnson, S.Dak. Pratt Woodrufi' revise and extend my remarks. Drewry Johnson, Tex. Ragon Wright Driver Johnson, Wash. Rainey Wurzbach The SPEAKER. The gentleman-from Oklahoma asks unani Dyer .Jones Ransley Wyant mous consent to revise and extend his remarks.' Is there Edwards Kading Rayburn Yates objection? ~ngland Kahn Reece Yon There was no objection. NA.Y8-95 WAR DEPARTMENT APPROPR.IA.TION BILL Ackerman Cox Kent Perkins Aldrich Cramton Kincheloe Purnell The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next amendment Andresen Crisp King Quin Bankhead Davis Kvale Ramseyer on which a separate vote is demanded. Barbour Deal LaGuardia Rankin The Clerk read as follows: Beck, Wis. Dempsey Letts Schneider Beedy Dickinson, Iowa Lowrey Selvig Amendment offered by Mr. SPEAKS: Page 64, after the comma, in Berger Doutrich Luce Shreve line 9, insert a new paragraph, as follows : Black, Tex. Elliott McDuffie Smith "For every upenditure requisite for and incident to the conduct of Bowling Eslick McLaughlin Snell Browne li'itzgerald, W. T. MacGt·egor Sproul, Ill. the national matches ,1lnd the maintenance and operation of the Small Browning French Madden Summers, Wash. Arms Firing School held in conjunction therewith as authorized by Burtness Green, Iowa Magrady Swick section 113 (c) of the national defense act (act of June 3, 1916, as Busby Griest Major, Ill. Taber Bushong Hammer Mapes Tilson amended by the act of June 7, 1924, and February 14, 1927), including Byrns Harrison Menges Tinkham procurement and installation of equipment, ammunition, supplies, mate Carss Hersey Merritt Vestal rials, flooring and frames for tents, construction of shooting-ga.lleries, ('bindblom Iloch Moore, Va. Wason Christopherson Holaday Murphy Watson and shelters for rifie practice; non structural improvements ; repairs Houston, Del. Nelson, Wis. and alterations to buildings, water system, sewer and lighting systems; White1 Kans. g~~g~:n, Pa. Huddleston Newton Whi ttmgton repairs and alterations to equipment and supplies; communication Cole, Iowa Hudson Niedringhaus Williams, Ill. Collins Hull, Morton D. Oliver, Ala. Woodrum service; pay and allowance of officers 11nd enlisted men of the National Cooper, Wis. Kearns Peery Guard participating in the national matches and the Small Arms Firing NOT VOTING-70 School from the date of departure from their home to the date of return thereto ; pay and allowance of reserve officers called to active Adkins Ce1ler Fitzpatrick Kendall Anthony Combs Foss Kindred duty in connection with the national matches and the Small Arms Fir AufderHeide Connally, TeL Gilhert Kunz ing School; per onal and nonpersonal services ; subsistence, including Ayres Connery Goldsborough Lampert Beck, Pa. Connolly, Pa. Graham Langley commutation of rations to authorized teams from the National Guard, Begg Cooper, Ohio Griffin Larsen Organized Reserve, Reserve Officers' Training Corps, citizens' military Bland Dickstein Hickey Leatherwood training camps, and civilian teams representing the States, and includ Bohn Dominick Hoffman Maas Boies Dowell Hooper Mead ing the enlisted men of teams from the Regular Army, from the date of Bowles Doyle Igoe · Michaelson departure from their homes or stations to the date of return thereto, Burdick Eaton .Jacob~'>tein Monast at the rate not exceeding $1.50 per day each ; transportation, including Campbell Fitzgerald, Roy G. Johnson, lll. O'Connor, N. Y. repair, operation,· and maintenance of motor-prope1led and animal-drawn • 2850 CONGRESSIONAL :R.ECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 10 • vehicles; travel of authorized teams representing the Regular Army, Rankin Sproul, llL Tilson White, Me. Nation.al Guard, Organized Reserve, Reserve Officers' Training Corps, Robinson, Iowa Steele •.rimberlake Whitehead Schneider Summers, Wash. Vestal Whittington citizens' military trainil,lg camps, and civilian teams representing States, Selvig Swick Vincent, Mich. Williams, Ill. including officers and ·enlisted men of the Regular Army; travel of Shreve Taber Wason Woodrum commissioned .and enlisted personnel of the Regular Army, National Sinclair Tarver Watres Guard, and Organized Reserve on duty in connection with the national Snell • Thatcher Watson matches and the Small Arms Firing School, including mileage of o·ffi NOT VO'.riNG-73 cers; reimbursement of travel expenses or allowance in lieu thereof as Adkins Dominick Jacobstein Sa bath authorized by law for officers of the Regular Army and Organized Re Anthony Dowell Johnson, III. Sears, Fla. AufderHeide Doyle Kendall Sirovich serve; travel of civilian employees to and from the national matches, in Beck, Pa. Dyer Kindred Steagall cluding a per diem allowance in lieu of subsistence while traveling to and Begg Eaton Kunz Strong, Pa. from said matches and while on duty thereat; all to be expended under Bland Fitzgerald, W. T. Langley Strother Bohn Fitzpatrick Larsen Sullivan the direction of the Secretary of War, $500,000." Boies Foss Leatherwood Taylot·, Tenn. Bowles French Maas Tburston The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend- Burdick Gilbert Mead Tucker ment. Campbell Goldsborough Michaelson Weller Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Spe-aker, I demand the yeas and nays. Cellcr Graham MonaRt Williams, Mo. Combs G1·een, Iowa O'Connor, N.Y. Williamson The yeas and nays were ordered. Connery Griffin Porter Wingo 'l'he question was taken ; and there were-yeas 242, nays 118, Connolly, Pa. Hare Quayle Wood not voting 73, as follows : .Cooper, Ohio Hickey Rathbone Zihlman Cramton Holiman Reed, Ark. [Roll No. 29] Davenport Hooper Robsion, Ky. YEA8-242 Dickstein Igoe Romjue Abernethy Fjsh Knutson Reid, Ill. So the amendment was agreed to. Aldrich Fisller Kopp Rogers Allen Fitzgerald, Roy G. Korell Rowbottom 'l'he Clerk announced the following additional pairs: Allgood !!'letcher Kurtz Rubey On this vote : Andrew Frear Lanham Rutherford Arentz Free Lankford Sanders, N. Y. Mr. Connery (for) with Mr. Graham (against). Arnold Freeman Lea Sanders, Tex. Mr. Rathbone (for) with Mr. Hooper (against). Aswell Frothingham Leavitt Sandlin Mr. Combs (for) with Mr. Foss (against). .Ayres Fulbright Lelllbach l:lchafer Mr. Bland (for) with Mr. Cooper of Ohio (against) . Bacharach Fulmer Lindsay Sears, Nebr. Mr. Bm·dick (for) with Mr. Kendall (agaim;t). Bacon Furlow Linthicum Seger Mr. O'Connor of New York (for) with Mr. Wood (against). Bell Gallivan Lilzier Shallenberger Mr. Mead (for) with Mr. Anthony (against). Black, N.Y. Gambrill Luce Simmons Mr. Kindred (for) with Mr. Beck of Pennsylvania (against). Blanton Garber Lyon Sinnot Mr. Jacobstein (for) with Mr. Connolly of Pennsylvania (against). Bloom Gardner. Ind. McClintic Smith Mr. Romjue (for) with Mr. Michaelson (against). Boylan Garrett, Tenn. McFadden Somers, N. Y. Mr. Fitzpatrick (for) with Mr. Strong of Pennsylvania (against). Brand, Ga. Garrett, Tex. McKeown Speaks Mr. Quayle (for) with Mr. Porter (against). Brand, Ohio Gasque l\IcLeod Spearing Mr. Celler (for) with Mr. Johnson of Illinois (against) . Briggs Gibson McMillan Sproul, Kans. Browning Gilford McReynolds Stalker Until further notice: .Buchanan Glynn McSwain Stedman Mr. Cramton with Mr·. Steagall. Buckbee Golder McSweeney Stevenson Mr. Frencll with Mr. Larsen. 'Bulwinkle Gregory Major, Ill. Stobbs Mr. Begg with Mr. Hare. Byrns Green, Fla. Major, Mo. Strong, Kans. Mr. Green of Iowa with Mr. Dickstein. Canfield Greenwood l\ianlove Sumners, Tex. Carew Guyet· Mansfield Swank Mr. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, my col ·carley IIadley Martin. La. Sweet league the gentleman from Massachusetts, Mr. CoNNERY, is un €ars· Hale Martin, Mass. Swing Ca1·ter Hall, Ill Merritt Tatgenhorst avoidably detained on account of the death of a near relative. Cartwright Hall, Ind. :Miller Taylor, Colo. If present. he would vote "aye." . Casey Hastings Milligan Temple . Mr. FRENCH. Mr. Speaker, I wanted to vote " no," but I con Chalmers Haugen Mooney Thompson . Chapman H~wley 1\loore, Ky. Tillman fused the bells and thought there would be one more call. I am Chase H1ll, Ala. Moore, N.J. Tinkham afraid I can not qualify. • Clancy Hill, Wash. Moore, Ohio Treadway Clarke Hogg Moorman Underhill The SPEAKER. The gentleman does not qualify. Cochran, Mo. Hope Morehead Underwood The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Cohen Houston, Del. . Morgan U dike The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next amendment. Collier Howard, Nebr·. Morin V~son, Ga. Colton Howard, Okla. Morrow Vinson, Ky. The Clerk read as follow : ConnallY, Tex. Hudson Nelson, Mo. Wainwt·ight Amendment otiered by Mr. McDUFFIE: On page 79, line 10, strike out Corning Hudspeth Norton, Nebr. Ware Crail Hughes Norton, N.J. Warren " $50,000,000 " and insert in lieu thereof " $55,886,310." Cro!-!s!?r Hull, Tenn. O'Brien Weaver Crowther Hull, Wm. E. O'Connell Welch, Calif. The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. Cullen Irwin O'Connor, La. Welsh, Pa. BAnBOUR) there were-ayes 160, noes 96. Cuny James Oldfield Wllite, Colo. Dalllnger Jeffers Oliver, N.Y. White, Kans. So the amendment was a:greed to. Davey Jenkins Palmer Williams, Tex. The bill was ordereu to be engrossed, read a third time, and navis Johnson, Ind. Palmisano Wilson, La. was read the third time. DeRouen · Johnson, Okla. Pa1·ker Wilson, Miss. Dickinson, Mo. Johnson, S. Dak. Parks Winter Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, I haYe a motion to recommit. Douglas, Ariz. Johnson,Tex. Pou Wolverton The SPEAKER. Is the gentleman opposed to the bill? Douglass, Mass. Johnson, Wash. Prall Woodru.tr Mr. COLLINS. I am. Drane Jones Pratt Wright Driver Kahn Ragon Wnrzbach The SPEAKER. The gentleman is a member of the com Emdebrigbt Kelly Rainey Wyant mittee? Eslick Kemp Ransley Yates Mr. COLLINS. I am. Evans, Calif. Ketcham Rayburn Yon Evans, Mont. Kless Reece The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Fenn Kincheloe Reed, N.Y. Mississippi to offer a motion to recommit, which the Clerk will NAY8-118 report. Ackerman Chindblom Garner, Tex. Lowrey The Clerk read as follows : Almon Christopherson Goodwin McDuffie Andresen Clague Griest McLaughlin 1\l'r. CoLLINS moves to recommit the bill to the Committee on Appro Bachmann Cochran, Pa. Hall, N. Dak. MacGregor Bankhead Cole, Iowa Hammer Madden priations with instructionA to forthwith report tlle same back to the Barbour Collins Hancock Magrady House with the following amendment : Beck, Wis. Cooper, Wis. Hardy Mapes "Add to the end of the bill the following as a section : Beedy Cox Harl'ison Menges Beers Crisp Hersey Michener " Without authorization by Congress no part of the funds appro Berger Darrow Hoch Montague priated by this act shall be expended in the transportation of any por Black, Tex. Deal Holaday Moore, Va. tion of the armed forces provided for in tbis act tQ the territol'Y of a Bowling Dempsey Huddleston Murphy Bowman Denison Hull, Morton D. Nelson, Me. foreign country over which the nited States does not possess juris Box Dickinson, Iowa Kading Nelson, Wis. diction." Brigham Kearns Newton Britten g~~f~~tn Kent Niedringbaus The SPEAKER. The que. tion is on agreeing to the motion of Browne Drewry Kerr Olivf>r. Ala. Bm·tness Edwards King Peavey the gentleman from Mississippi to recommit the bill. Burton Elliott Kvale reery · Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, I demand the ;yeas and nays. Busby England LaGuardia Perkins The ye~s and nays were ordered. Bushong Estep Lampert Purnell Butler Faust Leech Quin The question was taken; and there were-yeas 125, nays 229, Cannon Fort Letts RalllSeY.er not voting 79, as follows : .. 1928 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE '2851 ["Roll No. 30] Steagall SuiUvan Weller Williamson Stevenson Swing White, Colo. Wingo YEA8-125 Strong, Pa. Taylor, Tenn. Williams, Mo. Wood Abernethy Deal Jones P eavey Strother Tucker Williams, Tex. .Allgood Dickinson, Mo. Kading Pou AllliOn Dominick Kerr Quin So the motion to recommit was rejected. Arnold Doughton Kincheloe Ragon The Clerk announced the following additional pairs: Bankhead Drane Kvale Rainey On this vote: Beck, Wis. Edwai'ds LaGuardia Rankin Bell Eslick Lampert · · Rubey . Mr. Combs (for) ' with Mr. Be~g (against). Berger Evans, Mont. Lankford Rutherford Mr. Bland (for) with Mr. Sullivan (against). Black, Tex. Fletcher Linthicum Sanders, Tex. Mr. McSweeney (for) with Mr. Weller (a.gainst). Blanton Frear - Lowrey Sandlin Bowling Fulbright Lozier Schafer Until further notice : Box Fulmer Lyon Schneider Mr. Connolly of Pennsylvania with Mr. Driver. Brand, Ga. Gardner, Ind. McClintic ShaJlen berger Mr. Rathbone with 1\-lr. Peery. Briggs Garner, Tex. McKeown Sinclair Mr. Wood with Mr. Griffin. . , Browne Garrett, Tenn. McMillan Stedman Mr. Cooper of Ohio with Mr. Williams of Texas. Browning Garrett, Tex. McReynolds Steele Mr. Foss with Mr. Connery. Bulwink.le Gasque McSwain Sumners, Tex. Mr. Hooper with Mr. Dickstein. Busby Gregory Major, Mo'. Swank Mr. Maas with Mr. Hull of Tennessee~ Canfield Green. Fla. Milligan Tarver Mr. Swing with Mr. Stevenson. Cannon Greenwood Mooney Tillman • Mr. Porter with Mr. Lanham. Carss Hammer Moore, Ky. Underwood Mr. Anthony with Mr. Kindred. . Cartwright Hare Moore, Va. Vinson, Ky. Mr. Brand of Ohio witb Mr. Rayburn. Casey Harrison Moorman . Ware Mr. Strong of Pennsylvanla with Mr. Steagall. Chapman Hastings Morehead Weaver Mt·. Burdick with Mr. Quayle. Cochran, Mo. Hill, Ala. Morrow White bend Mr. Davenport with Mr. Crisp. Collier Hill, Wash. Nelson, Mo. Wilson, Miss. Mr. Graham with Mr. Lai'sen. Collins Howard, Nebr. Nelson, Wis. Woodrum 1\Ir. Johnson of Illinois with Mr. O'Connor of New York. Connally, Tex. Howard, Okla. Norton. Nebr. \Vrigbt Mr. Michael on with Mr. Montague. Cooper, Wis. Huddleston Oldfield Yon Mr. Hickey with Mr. Reed of Arkansas. Cox Jeffers Oliver, A~. Mr. Holaday with Mr. Fitzpatrick, Crosser Johnson, Okla. Palmisano Mr. Kendall with Mr. Mead. Davis Johnson, Tex. Parks . Mr. Morgan with Mr. Romjue. NAY8-229 · Mr. Monast with Mr. Jaeobstein. .Ackerman Dyer Kent Sanders, N. Y~ Mr. Bowles with Mr. Celler. .Aldl'ich Elliott Ketcham Sear , Nebr. .AU en England Kiess Seger The result· of the vote was announced as above recorded. Andresen Englebright King Selvig The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. Andrew Estep Knutson Shreve The question was taken, and the bill was passed. Arentz Evans, Calif. Kopp Simmons .A swell Faust Kl)rell Sinnott On motion of Mr. BARBOUR, a moUon to reconsider the bill .Ayres Fenn Kurtz Smith was laid on the table. Bacharach Fish Lea Snell Bachmann Fisher Leavitt Somers, N. Y. DISTINGUISHED VISITORS Bacon Fitzgerald, Roy G. Leech Speaks Barbour Fitzgerald, W. T. Leblbach Spearing The SPEAKER. The Chair desires to state for the benefit Beedy Fort Letts Sproul, Ill. of the House that very shortly we will have tbe pleasure of Beers Free Lindsay Sproul, Kans. Black, N.Y. Freeman Luce Stalker receiving in the gallery two distinguished French aviators, Bloom French McDuffie Stobbs Lieut. Commander Joseph Lebrix and Lieut. Dieudonne Costes. Bowman Frothingham McFadden Strong, Kans. The Chair is sure this will be a matter of interest and that the l,loylan· ~ Furlow McLaughlin Summers, Wash. Brigham Gallivan McLeod Sweet Members will desire to be present. They are expecte-d some-time 1 Britten Gambrill MacGregor Swick between 2 and half past 2 o'clock. • Buchanan liarber Madden Taber Buckbee Gibson Magrady Tatgenhorst SHENANDOAH N.ATIONAL PARK . Burtness Gifford . Major, Ill. Taylor, Colo. ' Burton Glynn Manlove Temple !b. HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Bushong Golder Mansfield Thatcher take from the Speaker's table the bill (S. 2656) to establish Butler Goodwin Mapes - Thompson Byrns Green, Iowa Martin, La. Thurston a min~UID area for a Shenandoah National Park, for admin Carew Griest Martin, Mass. Tilson istration, protection, and general development by the ·National Carley GuyPr Menges Timberlake Park Service, and for other purposes, and pass the same. A Carter Badley Merritt Tinkham Chalmers Ifale Michener Treadway similar House bill (H. R. 8526) bas been unanimously reported Chase Hall, Ill. Miller Underhill by the committee and is on the calendar. Chindblom Hall, Ind. Moore, N.J. Updike Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, may we have the bill reported? Christopherson Hall, N. Dak. Moore, Ohio Vestal Clague Hancock Morin Vincent, :Mich. The Clerk read the title of the bill. · Clancy Hardy Murphy Vinson, Ga. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present considera- Clarke Haugen Nelson, Me. Wainwright tion of the bill? Cocb1·an, Pa. Hawley Newton Warren Cohen Hersey . Niedringhaus Wa.'>on There was no objection. · , Cole, Iowa Hoch Nm·ton, N.J. Watres The question was taken, and the bill was passed. Colton Hogg O'Brien Watson On motion of Mr. IIARRISON, a motion to reconsider the vote Corning Hope O'Connell Welch, Calif. Crail . Houston, Del. O'Connor, La. Welsh, Pa. by wbie.b the bill was pas ed was laid on the table. Cramton Hudson Oliver, N. Y. White, Kans. A similar House bill was laid on the table. Crowther Hud~peth Palmer White, Me. Cullen Hughes Parker Whittington PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Curry Bull, Morton D. Perkins Williams, Ill. Dallinger Hull, Wm. E. Prall Wilson, La·. Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani Darrow Irwin Pratt -Winter mous consent that on Monday next, immediately after the Davey James Purnell 1\'oJverton · Dempsey Jenkins Ramseyer Woodruff reading of the Journal, I may be permitted to address the Denison Johnson, Ind. Ransley Wurzbach House for 30 minutes on the tariff. DeRouen Johnson, S.Dak. Reece Wyant Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I am going to object to that Dickinson, Iowa Johnson, Wash, Reed, N.Y. Yates Douglas, Aiiz. Kahn Reid, Ill. Ziblman request. · If the gentleman wants time, I will yield him time Douglass, Mass. Kearns Robinson, Iowa in gener81 debate. Doutricb Kelly Rogers Mr. TILSON. The gentleman can secure time, as we expect Drewry Kemp Rowbottom to have gene1'al debate going on at that time. NOT VOTING-79 Adkins Cooper, Ohio Holaday Michaelson RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY 30 PATRIOTIC ORGANIZATIONS OF WOMEN Al)tbony Crisp Hooper Monast Auf der Heide Davenport Hull, Tenn. Montagne Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Sr)eaker, I have an "Beck, Pa. Dickstein Igoe Morgan other unanimous-consent request to submit. Last week there Begg Dowell Jacobstein O'Connor, N. Y. Bland Do11e Johnson, IlL Peery was a meeting of 30 patriotic ·organizations of women, such as Bohn Dnver Kendall Porter the American Legion Auxiliary and the Daughters of the Revo~ Boies Ea~on Kindl'ed Quayle lution, who had a meeting in Washington and passed a short Bowles - Fitzpatrick Kunz Rathbone Brand, Ohio Foss Langley Rayburn set of resolutions. I ask unanimous consent to extend my BUTdick Gilbert Lanham Reed, Ark. remarks in the RECORD by inserting tbese resolutions in the Camppen Goldsborough. Larsen Robsion, Ky. Appendix. Celler Graham Leatherwood Romjue . Combs Griffin McSweeney Sa bath The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Connery Hickey Maas Sears, Fla. gentleman from South Dakota? Connolly, Pa. Hoffman Mead Sirovich There was no objection. 2852 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 10 Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, under leave New York Colony of New England Women, Mrs. Stanley L. Otis, granted me to extend my remarks I insert in the RECoRD the president, New York City. following resolutions adopted by 30 patliotic organizations of Wisconsin Department, Service Star Legion. women who met in the city of Washington February 1 to 3, 1928. NatioUill Society of the Daughters of the Union, 1861-1865. This conference, which these women's national patriotic groups No.1 hold in the interest of national defense, is an annual affair. RESOLUTION ADOPTED They have formed a permanent organization, known as Whereas activities, movements, campaigns, and crusades are being THE WOME~'S PATRIOTIC CONFERENCE ON NATIONAL DEFE!S'Slll organized under the specious titles of Their officers ·at this year's conference were: " Remedy of war," "Making the ballot count," Chairman extension commHtee: Mrs. Alfred J. Brosseau, president "Promoting international righteousness," general Daughters of the American Revolution, Washington, D. C. "Rebuilding tlie postwar world," Vice chairman extension committee: Mrs. Robert Walbridge, national " Stimulating the socialistic theory of ' production for u ·e and not for president Ameri~n Legion Auxiliary, Indianapolis, Ind. profit,'" Members advisory board : Mrs. Alfred J. Brosseau, chairman, Wash "Young Pioneers": ington, D. C. ; Mrs. Adalin W. Macauley, vice chairman, Menomonie, Therefore be it Wis.; Mrs. Lucia R. Maxwell, secretary, Washington, D. C.; Mrs. Albert Resolved, That the organizations represented in the Women's Patriotic G. 1\Iang. treasure1·, Chicago, Ill.; Mrs. George T. Guernsey, Independ Conference on National Defense urge their members for their own pro encE.', Kans.; Mrs. Henry B. Joy, Grosse Pointe Farms, Mlch.; Mrs. H. H. tection to rigidly examine the aims and objectives of all such activities l\lcCluer, Kansas City, Mo. ; Mrs. Flo Jamison Miller, Monticello, Ill. ; before aligning themselves in tangible or intangible support thereof and Mrs. Mary Logan Tucker, Washington, D. C. that they question themselves in the following manner : Chairman credentials committee: Mrs. Henry B. Joy, Grosse Pointe Where are we bE.'ing led? Farms, Mich., of the Daughters of 1812. Who leads us? Chairman resolutions committee: 1\irs. John Laidlaw Buel, I .. itchfield, Do we investigate an organization before joining it? Conn., of the Daughters of the Founders and Patriots. · Do we contribute to causes without examining their motives? Chairman program committee: Mrs. Mary Logan Tucker, Washington, Do we lend our names as patronesses without ascertaining ways in D. C., of the Ladies of the Loyal Legion. which they are to be used? ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING Do we grant the use of our homes to so-called liberals for American Legion Auxiliary ; Mrs. Robert Walbridge, national presi •• betterment meetings,'' "international Pt:ograms," "fellowship dis dent, Indianapolis, Ind. cussions," and the like? · American War Mothers; Mrs. Thomas Spence, national president, Do we entertain "emissaries of radicalism" unawares? Milwau~ee, Wis. Do we sign petitions calling for action by governmental authorities American Women's Legion; Mrs. Raymond S. Patton, president, without finding out whether such action may be considered as undue Wa ·hington, D. C. "meddling" with the management of governmental affairs? National Auxiliary United Spanish War Veterans; Mrs. Margaret Do vre deluge our Senators and Representatives with telegrams and M. Manion, president, Milwaukee, Wis. letters at the request of so-called peace movements? Colonial Daughters of the Seventeenth Century; Mrs. J. Morton What type of resolutions are our communities passing? \Vhat · Halstead, president, Brooklyn, N. Y. organizations quote and make use of these resolutions to influence Daughters of the American Colonists; Mrs. George T. Guernsey, public opinion? president, Independence, Kans. How much study do we give to national defense? ' .Da_ughters of American Revolution ; Mrs. Alfred J. Brosseau, presi Do we give sufficient thought and study to legislative measures dent general, Washington, D. c. before indorsing them 7 ' Daughters of the Colonial Wars; Mrs. Frank D. Ellison, president, Do we vote? Boston, Mass. Do we urge the conservative and apathetic people of our community Daughters of the Revolution; Mrs. Henry T. Kent, president, Phila to vote? delphia, Pa. Who teaches our children? VVhat are they taught? Government Club of Chicago; Mrs. Frederick W. Bentley, president, Whet·e do they f:lpend their leisure hours? Chicago, Ill. Ladies' Auxiliary, Veterans of Foreign Wars of United States; Mrs. What organizations attempt to recruit them? Edward A. Stark, Camden, N. J. Do they take student tours, attend summer conferences and camps, Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic ; Mrs. Maybell Ross, presl and travel in youth caravans? If so, under what" guidance and escort? ·dent, Chicago, Ill. What view do they take of marriage? Of religion? Nationu.l Society Dames of the Loyal Legion; Mrs. Mary Logan FEBRUARY 3, 1928. . Tucker, president, Washington, D. C. COMJIUTTEE. National Society Daughters of the Founders and Patriots; Mrs. No. 2 J.ohn L. Buel, president, Litchfield, Conn. ADEQUATE NAVY REQUESTED National Society of New England Women; Mrs. A. Willis Byrne, Whereas the United States Navy has been the pride of the American president, Hartford, Conn. people and the handmaiden of American liberty throughout our history, National Society United Daughters of 1812; Mrs. Samuel Z. Shope, and valiantly performed its duty of keeping our shores free from in president, Narberth, Pa. vasion; and Order of the First Families of Virginia ; Mrs. Henry L ...~ook, presi Whereas the safety of thls Nation depends primarily upon our first dent, l!llwaukee, Wis. line of defense, the United States Na-yy, to protect our shores and keep · Women of the Army and Navy Legion of Valor; Mrs. William D. off all comers with hostile or avaricious intent; and Rock, president, Philadelphia, Pa. Whereas it is the duty of every American citizen to see that the · Women's Constitutional League of Virginia; Mrs. Edward B. Cam United States Navy is prepared for thls great missison in an adequate eron, president, Newport News, Va. manner and manned by ·a personnel of officers and meu worthy of the Women's Naval Service; Mrs. George Barnett, president, Washing traditions established by John Pan1 Jones, Lawrence, Po~ter, Farragut, ton, D. C. Decatur, and Dewey, pledged to devotion to duty and the commission of Women's Overseas Service League; Miss Lena Hitchcock, president, valorous deeds ; and Washington, D. C. Whereas the safety of the Nation and of these brave men and lads Women's Relief Corps; Mrs. Emma W. Campbell, president, Minne· in Navy blue depends on the building of real ships of the most modern' apolis, Minn. type, not only as preparation for national defense but as peace insur- National Patriotic Council; Mrs. Noble N. Potts, .President, Washing ance : Therefore be it , ton. D. C. Resol No. 15 THE CONSTITUTIO~ UPHELD SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS ON .lJdERICAN HISTORY Whereas we, the members of the Women's Patriotic Conference on Whereas attempts are being made to expunge from our school histo· National Defense wish to place ourselves on record as firm supporters ries all r eferences to war and heroism in battle ; to ignore the honor of the Constitutlon ot the United States, acknowledging it to be the due to the great soldiers and sailors of the Nation; to stress intel'Ila· greatest safeguard of human liberty ever given to mankind; and tionalism in place of national loyalties ; to belittle those who have Whereas we pledge ourselves, individually and collectively, to defend , fought and died that this Nation might live; and to exalt at their and uphold the Constitution by rendering loyalty to its sentiments, expen e the so-called " heroes of peace" ; and obedience to its provisions, and by holding its principles sacred and Whereas we feel that the truths of hi tory, both military and civil, inviolable : Therefore be it should never be thus tampered with in order to advance the interests Resolved That we urge the people of the United States to guard or opinions of any section of our people ; and against tb~ substitution of bureaucracy for democracy, paternalism 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2855· for individual and community responsibility, centralized authority for the figures as presented, while they del)ict the situation in a fairly local self-government, which substitution would undermine American accurate manner, do not give a portrayal of the cost of the service on principles of government ordained and established by the Constitution the same basis as a private business. Whether it is ever possible or of the United States. desirable to attempt to set up an accounting system in a Gover~ment FEBRUARY 3, 1928, activity similar to that which would prevail if the activity were in No. 19 private ownership is always a debatable factor, due to the difference in TEACH THE CONSTITUTION the ends sought to be accomplished by the Government and private busi ness--one striving for profit and the other for service to its people. Whereas knowledge and understanding of onr system of government Progress is being made and vet·y valuable information is being fur is the greatest safeguard of our institutions; and nished in connection with the cost-ascertainment investigations of the Whereas there are eight remaining States whose legislatures have department. While some of the costs revealed by these reports may be not passed a law making the teaching of the United States Constitu said not to be a proper charge against the Post Office Depa.rtment, there tion compulsory : Therefore, be it should be recalled that the Post Office Department receives some advan Resolved, That the Third Women's Patriotic Conference ou National tages from its Government status which are not reflected in its expendi Defense go on record as indorsing such a law in these eight States, tures. Chief among these is the space occupied by postal facilities in and that we pledge ourselves to work for its adoption. Government-owned buildings, of which there are 1,400 or more through- FEBRUARY 3, 1928. ' out the United States. A further program of building construction is .ADJOURNMENT OVER authorized, which, under pending legislation, would bring the total up to Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that . $200,000,000 for new structures, in which a very large proportion of the when the House adjourns to-day it adjourn to meet next space will be devoted to postal needs. Monday. There is in this statement an accurate distinction between the J.\.1r. GARRETT of Tennessee. 1\Ir. Speaker, reserving the Post Office Department and private business-- right to object, I would like to ask the ge~tl~man from Co~ necticut whether it is contemplated that District of Columbia One strives for profit and the other !or service to its people. business shall be considered next Monday? The greatest difficulty right . now as to the post-office estab Mr. TILSON. No; the Treasury and Post Office Departments lishment is due to the fact that we have been attempting to appropriation bill, which will be considered ~uring -~e re operate it on both policies-profit and service. The result is mainder of to-day, will go on next Monday. It IS a privileged a confusion, . which will never be r~medied until we make a bill and as unfinished business will he in order on Monday. We straight-out declaration as to the service policy of the Post hope to give the District another day later on. . . Office Department and act on that principle. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. '.rhere has been some mqmry I am gratified that the Appropriation~ Committee has sug about District business. gested this vital matter in its report. I would paraphrase one Mr. TILSON. It would I.Je in order next Monday, but. the sentence in the paragraph I have read and make it read: "Due appropriation bill as unfinislled business would have the right to the difference in the ends Eought to be accomplished by the of way. post office and private business--one striving for profit and the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the , other for service of its people-the accounting system used by gentleman from Connecticut? the Post Office Department should not be such as to hinder There was no objection. service to the people." . TREASURY AND POST OFFICE DEPARTMENTS APPROPRIATION BILL The present accounting does not show a true pictqre. In the balance sheet are items which are not understood to be free and 1\fr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House resolve partly free projects adopted by Congress, not as postal opera itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of tions but as public-service provisions. the Union for the consideration of the bill H. R. 10635, the appropriation bill for the Treasury anu Post Office Depart Mr. Chairman, there is only one feature of the yearly report ments. Pending that I ask unanimous consent that the control of postal finances which is known to the public. That is the so~ of general debate bQ divided between the gentleman from called deficit. But any consideration of that brings up the wbol~ Tennessee and myself until we finally re.J.ch a time when we question of postal finances, which is a dry-as-dust subject to the can agree on a limit of deb3te. ~verage person. I defy any :Member of Congress here to even The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois moves that the read through the complicated, involved, tabulations in the cost ast!ertainment report for 1927, which bas been submitted by the House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole Honse on department. . the state of the Union for the consideration of the bill H. R. 10635 the appropriation bill for the Treasury and Post Office Yet United States postal finances are of vital concern in the Depa~·tments, and pending that he asks unanimous consent that consideration of the biggest business on earth. It handles general debate. for the time being be equally divided and con 25,000,000,000 pieces of mail matter every year and carries 337,- trolled by himself and the gentleman from Tennessee. Is there 000,000 messages from residents of this country to friends and relatives in all the lands on the globe. It is the greatest agency objection? of intercommunication ever devised. How important it is may There was no objection. be judged by the statement of Br:yce in his classic treatise on The motion of Mr. MADDEN was agreed to. "The American Commonwealth." In it he declared that the Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of factor which makes us a united Nation" is the means of internal the Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. MICHENER communication that ·holds the cotmtry together and renders it ' in the chair. one for all social and political purposes as well as for commerce." The CHAIRMAN. The House is now in Committee of the That such a mammoth public-service enterpiise should be Whole House on the state of the Union for the consideration of based upon a dollar-and-cent balance sheet is so absurd that the bill of which the Clerk wiU read the title. Congress· can not even attempt to act upon it. The real fact is The Clerk read the title, as follows: that the present balance sheet itself fm·nishes the absurdity. A b1ll (H. R. 10635) making appropriations for the Trea.sm·y and :Many times Congress has builded wiser than it knew, by paying Post Office Departments for ~e fiscal year ending June 30, 1929, and no attention whatever to it. for other purposes. What is the so-called postal deficit? Well, to judge from its prominence in department reports and in newspaper headlines Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that one would judge that it is the one outstanding feature of this the first reading of the bill be dispensed with. colossal business. The opening paragraphs of the Postmaster The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the General's report for 1927 emphasize the deficit of some $28,- gentleman from Illinois? 000,000. Every newspaper in the land chronicled the deficit There was no objection. with such heads as that in the Washington Post: "Postal Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to· the operations conducted at $28,000,000 loss." Others were "Post gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. KELLY]. Office behind many. millions in 1927," "Huge deficit in Postal Mr. KELLY. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the House, Service," "Post Office fails to break even by $28,000,000." the bill under consideration cleals with appropriations for the The comments on the report ranged from characterization ·of Post Office Department. It curries $76'1,000,000 for the biggest the deficit as proof of extravagance and inefficiency to a declara business on ea:rth. tion that the Post Office is a bankrupt business. There is one paragraph jn tbe ·report submitted by the Such statements are grossly unfair to the Congress that makes distinguished chairman of thi~ committee [Mr. MADDEN] . to appropriations, to the department that administers them, and which I wish to direct your attention. It is found on page· 29 to the postal personnel, the most efficient body of workers and is as follows : ever organized into a unit for cooperative efforts. In connection with the figures of receipts, expenditures, and deficits · There is not a deficit of $28,000,000 in postal operations. of the Post Office Department attention should be called to the fact ~hat There is a large surplus instead in postal operations. The so- 2856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 10 called deficit, which looms so large, is due sol'ely and wholly to This service is on a different basis than city delivery, Rail free f.llld partly· free services which are given because Congress way Mail Service, and other similar operations. These latter has made use of the great nation-wide postal organization in form the most ·economical method of handling the mails, and if advancing the common welfare. a profit-making corporation were to take over the service these The cost of the e policies is exactly on a par with expendi organizations would be continued exactly as at present. tures for the Department of Commerce or the Department of Not so with rural free delivery. A profit-making company Agiiculture. No one points to a deficit in these departments, would slash it off at one stroke, and in· so doing would reduce but to do so would be just as logical as in the case of tl!e Post expenses more than $100,000,000. The express company deliv Office. ers in the cities because it is cheaper to do that than to provide Let us analyze this so-called deficit. First there is the frank· storage and clerical help to deliver all goods at the office. It ing and penalty privilege, through which officials of the Govern· compels the rural dweller to come to town for his express ment send without postage charge information as to the conduct shipment because it is more economical than to deliver the of public affairs. It is a vital function, which should not be goods to him. Exactly tbe same system would apply if the tliscontinued or even curtailed, but it is not a postal operation. Postal Service were to be run on a profit-making basis. The Post Office Department informs me that the revenues However, Mr. Chairman, no good American wishes to curtail which would be derived from the penalty mail sent by various the Rural Free Delivery Service. I would extend it until every departments would be $14,501,208, and that the actual cost of farmer and dweller in rural communities receive speedy and handling it is $6,263,620. complete service. I beUeve the money expended is for the The franked mail sent out by Members of Congress and public welfare. It is true, also, that if mail we1·e handled on others at regular rates would bring in $532,652, and the actual these routes up to capacity the loss could be g1·eatly diminished. co ·t to the department is stated as $520,691. At present giving the Rural Free Delivery credit for every Therefore, in the so-called deficit there is at least $6,784,311, penny of postage on mail originating on the ~outes and half which is the bare cost of the service. the revenues on all matter delivered, and using the figures in Second. Congress has directed for 75 years that small county the Postmaster General's report for 1927, there would be a loss newspapers should be sent within the county of publication of $48,613.000 on the rear. to offices where there is no delivery without payment of postage. Suppose we omit this entirely and leave it to be considered as Not a cent is secured by the Post Office Department for this a postal operation and nothing else. I have already shown that service. According to a department statement, the estimated there is still a surplus instead of a deficit. cost is $9,000,000 a year. · Is it not apparent, Mr. Chairman, that by any fair system of postal accounting the postal deficit is a myth and a delusion? That means that there should in all fairness be a reduction It is not a fact but a state of mind. If postal policies are to be of tbe so-called deficit by $9,000,000. By no stretch of the built on a false basis, the entire structure is certain to be out imagination can such a policy be called a postal operation. of plumb. Third. In order to encourage the circulation of religious, fra That is exactly the situation. Here is no mere technicality ternal, and similar publications not published for profit, Con· of accounting but a fundamental disorder which affects the gres. bas established a special fiat rate of 1% cents a pound entire postal system. The person unfamiliar with the ti·ue for such publications. This rate applies to advertising portions state of affairs says, " Why so much concern over a bookkeeping as well as reading matter. trifle? If there is a deficit, it comes out of the United States There are more than 6,000 of these periodicals going through Treasury, just the same as if you charged the items against the mails at a rate which pays only a fraction of the actual cost the T1·easury in the first place. What real difference does it of handling. It is a public-welfare project, which may or may make?" not be justified, but it is in no sense a postal operation to be Such a question proves utter ignorance of the postal situa· charged against postal revenues. tion. What seems to be the difference between tweedledee and . The Post Office Department informs me that the actual loss tweedledum in reality is the difference between fair postnge through such a policy is $16,000,000 a year. It makes up more rates and unjust postage rates; between complete postal service than half of the reported deficit for last year. By any business ' and inadequate postal service; between proper working condi:. system of bookkeeping it should be subtracted from the so-called ' tions for postal workers and unjustifiable conditions. deficit. 1 That mythical deficit now sets the tune. As unsubstantial Fourth. Congress bas adopted a ship-subsidy policy in connf!{! ' as the vampire of olden days, it does suck the blood from the tion with foreign mail. It is a worthy .American policy in con postal system. It 1·educes service, lays too heavy a charge upon nection with t.he maintenance of a merchant marine. But it mail users, and robs the workers of rightful relief. bas no connection with actual postal operations, since the serv Let us consider these statements: First, the postage-rate ice would be performed by foreign vessels at one-half the cost. pr-oblem. Under present conditions the great urge is to wipe We should admit hone tly that it is a policy for the encourage out this deficit and balance the books. But in this deficit are ment of United States shipping. We should mo t assuredly all these governmental expenses, represented ·by free and partly not assess it against postal revenues. free services. •. The Post Office Department states that this policy costs Therefore, if that deficit is to be wiped out, users of the $3,600,000 a year. That sum should be subtracted from the mails must pay not only all proper postal costs but also furnish so-called deficit. the money f-or large governmental expenditures. The money : Fifth. Congress bas decided that as a philanthropic measure from the sale of stamps musf be used to send out the penalty publications in raised letters for the use of the blind shall go package and the franked letter, the religious paper, and the pub· • t11rough the mails without payment of postage. This is no lication for the blind. It must cover the cost of these public· postal operation. It is a gift to the blind_, with the post-office welfare projects which should be met f1·om the General Treas· - establishment made the agency for the gift. '.Phe department ury as a benefit to all and not a few. informs me that the actual cost is $32,000 a year. . That is the reason, 1\Ir. Chairman, why the Post Office Com· Mr. Chairman, here are five distinct governmental projects mittee of the House is now so busily engaged in consideration being carried out very properly through the Postal Service, the of a bill reducing the rates on all clij.sses of mail matter. nation-wide agency of communication. Not one of them is as Here is a deficit, so called, of $28,000,000, and still the de logical a postal operation as the construction of good rottds, partment and practically every Member of Congress agrees that whi<'h no one would charge to postal revenues. They are there should be reductions in rates. The bill we are now con public-welfare projects, and any post-"Office deficit built up out sidel'ing, as introduced by Chairman GRIEsT and as accepted by of them is a sham and delusion. the department, would, according to department figures, reduce The actual cost of these five projects, according to the most revenues by more than $10.000,000, and consequently add that conservative estimate of tbe department, i $35,426,000. This much to the deficit. Still, the only objections from any quarter completely offsets the $28,000,000 reported deficit and leaves a is tbat certain reductions do not go far enough. substf.llltial surplus instead. Any sensible - accounting system Nor is such a feeling due altogether to the fact that the would show this state of affairs in this great service depart· Postal Service does not pay dividends as does a private busi 'ment. · ness, and therefore there "is no injury to the pocketbook nerve In dealing with this phase of postal finances I must add when no profits are shown. It is due also to the fact that that there is another item which in· my estimation is unfairly complete service is the prime function of this great organization, charged agaim~t postal revenues. I admit that it does not and rates should be in line with such a fundamental policy. stand on aU fours witb the ot11er items I have discussed, but Of course, there a1·e ccrtnin rates, such as that on post cards in reality it is a public-welfare measure rather than a postal in :first-class-mail classifications, where the 2-cent rate is so high op·eration. · I refer to the inevitable loss, after the mo!>"t gen· that it has driven matter out of the mail and entailed a loss ot erous allowance for its part in postal operations, due to the orne $6,000,000 instead of an estimated gain of $10,000,000. rural free delivery. It was higher tban the traffic would bear. 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 2857 Mr. Chairman, I have prepared a table which shows the post- j of February 28, 1925, and the rates now pr?posed. It is as age rates in force before 1925, the rates established by the act follows : Statement showinu comparison between old ratu, 19!5 rates, and proposed rota Class Mail matter Old rates 1925 rates Proposed rates First_ ____ Post cards, private mailing ______1 cent each·------2 cents each ______1 cent each. Second .•. 'l'ransienL.------· 1 cent 4 ounces·------2 cents 2 ounces; over 8 ounces, parcel l cent 2 ounces. post. Publishers: Scientific, religioU3, etc., naws 1~ cents pound ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1~ cents pound------1~ cents pound. pape~sJ periodicals, reading mat ter, ly2 cents pound. Advertising: Zones 1and 2------ 2 cents pound ••••••••••• - •••••••••• 2 cents pound •••• ·------·····------1~ cents pound. Zone 3------·-·······------ 2~ cents pound. Zone 4..------ 4 cents pound. Zone 5------ 4~ cents pound. Zone 6.------ 5~ cents pound. Zone 7------ 7 cents pound. t~~1¥J~j~~~~~~~~~))~j)~~~))))) :!:~~~: ~~~j~)))~)m)~)l~)))~)j)))~ 7~ cents pound. Zone 8------Third •••. Printed matter.------Up to 4 pounds, 1 cent each 2 ounces; Under 8 ounces, 1}1 cents 2 ounces; Under 8 ounces IJ1 cents 2 ounces; over 4, parcel-post rates. over, parcel post. 20 pounds, 12 cents pound. Books, catalogues, seeds, etc ______Under 8 ounces, 1 cent 2 ounces; over Under 8-ounces, 1 cent 2 ounces; over, Under 8 ounces, 1 cent 2 ounces; over 8 ounces parcel post. parcel post. parcel post. Fourth ••• Merchandise over 8 ounces: Local zone ______5 cents first pound; 1 cent each addi- 7 cents first pound; 1 cent additional 7 cents first pound; 1 cent additional tional 2 pounds. 2 pounds. 2 pounds. Zones 1 and 2------5 cents first pound; 1 cent each addl- 7 cents first pound; 1 cent additional 7 cents first pound; 1 cent additimnl tionalpound. pound. pound. Zone 3 •• ------6 cents first pound; 2 cents additionaL 8 cents first pound; 2 cents additionaL 8 cents first potmd; 2 cents additionaL Zone 4..------7 cents first pound; 4 cents additionaL. 9 cents first pound; 4 cents additional. 8 cents first pound; 4 cents additional. Zone 5------8 cents first pound; 6 cents additionaL 10 cents first pound; 6 cents additionaL 9 cents first pound; 6 cents additional. Zone 6------9cents first pound; 8 cents additional. 11 cents first pound; 8cents additionaL 10 cents first pound; 8 cents additional. Zone 7------11 cents first pound; 10 cents additionaL 13 cents first pound; 10 cents additional. 12 cents first pound; 10 cents additional. Zone 8------12 cents each pound______14 cents first pound; 12 cents additional. 13 cents first pound; 12 cents additional. Mailed rural routes ______------·------. 2 cents less parceL.------2 cents less local first, second, and third; 1 cent less fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth wnes. Here is the statement furnished by the Post Office Department 1\Ir. COOPER of Wisconsin. One correspondent said that he as to tlle effect on revenues of the proposed rate reductions : had always been accustomed to sending out 500. Bstimated net decrease i1~ nwenue Mr. KELLY. If his circular weighed two-thirds of an ounce First class, post cards------ $1,200,000 he would get the 20-pound rate. If it weighed half an ounce, s~cunfl7-one class rate : publications ______he would have to mail at 1lh cents for 2 ounces. The dis 3,860,000 crimination, if there is any there, and there is some objection Transient------100,000 Third class, bulk potmd rates------7,000,000 to this rate, would be that mailing of less than 20 pounds l!""ourth class, service charge ______2,200,000 would take a higher rate of postage. ----- Prospective loss in revenue ______14,360,000 Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. The gentl€'man says, "If there is a discrimination." Ought not the law to be so drawn that The proposed measure carries provisions as to business reply there can be no possible discrimination against the country cards and envelopes, deficient po~tage, special delivery and storekeeper i:n that regard? special handling, which would bring in additional revenues, but Mr. KELLY. I do not want to get into an argument about I am dealing here only with the rates on the classes of mnil the mel'its of this rate, because we ha\e not taken action on it. matter. I am trying to suggest that there is a serious proposition, l\1r. GARNER of Texas. I understood the gentleman to say the reason for reduction of postage rates, facing us in the that the 1·ate on first-class matter was so high that it yielded Post Office Department with an alleged $28,000,000 deficit. less I'evenue than before that rate was raised, but he does not 1\!r. GREEN of Florida. I have received se\eral letters from ma.ke the same statement about the second-class matter. You seed houses down in my State as to first-class matter, desiring are reducing the rate and getting less revenue in the second that the weight be raised from 8 ounces to 10 ounces, which class. would give them a cheaper distribution of their seeds, and so 1\Ir. KELLY. We get less revenue, according to . the Post · directly or indirectly benefit the farmer. What does the gen Office Department, yes. The contention is made that because tleman think of that? of the present zone rates on advertising, there is less revenue Mr. KELLY. The gentleman refers to third class, and that receh·ed than there would be at a lower rate. proposal is being considered now. Anything under 8 ounces 1\Ir. HASTINGS. How much less? goes as third class, and anything over 8 ounces goes into the 1\fr. KELLY.· No one knows that, but that cOntention is being fourth class. made on the ground that great quantities of second-class matter Mr. GREEN of Florida. These same gentlemen, I may say, go by private agencies now, but would come back to the Post would like pretty well to see the post-card rate go back to Office Department at the lower rates. 1 cent. Mr. HASTINGS. Is that' a cOntention made by the Post 1\Ir. KELLY. There is no difference of- opinion in regard to Office Department? that. l\1r. KELLY. No; that is made by the users of the mail. . Mr. GREE1.~ of Florida. Is anything to- be done as to the 1\Ir. COOPER of Wisco.nsin. l\Ir. Chairman, will the gen removal of the service charge on certain classes of mail? tleman yiel,d? l\lr. KELLY. Yes; the proposed bill deals with the service Mr. KELLY. Yes. charge in certain parcel-post zones. l\1r. COOPER of Wisconsin. I have received, as have doubt Mr. GREEN of Florida. Will it ue effective 200 miles from less other Members of the House, many letters from constituents the shipping point? saying that the 20-pound provision in third class is a discrimi Mr. KELLY. Not according.to the proposed bill; no. Instead ,nation in favor of mail-order houses. What has the gentleman of having a 2-cent service charge beyond the third zone it to say to that contention? would be reduced to 1 cent. l\Ir. KELLY. Discrimination against them? Mr. CROW'THER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? , Mr. COOPER of WL:consin. No; in favor of the mail-order Mr. KELLY. Yes. houses. Mr. CROWTHER. How about the money-order department? 1\Ir. KELLY. Even if the article weighed only one-half a.n Mr. KELLY. There is a loss, according to the department, ounce, the 20-pound limit would mean that about 640 sepamte of $8,000,000. The rates ought to be changed on that. pieces would need be mailed. Of course, very few business Mr. BANKHEAD. Will the gentleman yield? ~en send out less than 6:10 pieces. If they send thut number :Mr. KELLY. Yes. they get the 20-pound rate just the same as the biggest mail Mr. BANKHEAD. I have had a great many inquiries from order house in the country. my district with reference to a proposition which, -I unde_rstand, 2858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRU.AJ.iY 10 L., before your ·committee, a proposal to prohibit the Govern- · revenues.· The finances were a far greater source of worry ment from fm·thei~ publishing and selling stamped envelopes then than at present, when we can scarcely decide the amount with return addresses upon them. Has any action been taken of surplus to be turned back to the people. Still those states in the committee on that matter, or has the committee given men forbade the use of postage rates for raising money to be any consideration to it1 · I ask for the re-ason that I want to used for governmental expenses. They refused to permit the know bow to intelligently answer these inquiries that are sub raising of revenue through the post office. . mitted to me. They also expressly stated that the only methods for raising Mr. KELLY. I will say to the gentleman from Alabama that funds to meet governmental expenses should be through "laying that question is perennial and has been before the committee and collecting taxes" and "bon-owing money on the credit ot repeatedly. Hearings requiring days have been given to it in the United States." Where certain methods are enume1•ated, all past years. Another bill, proposing to prohibit the Government others are excluded. from printing these return cal'ds on envelopes, is now before Both in their action on the postal and the taxing provisions the conimittee but has not yet been given a hearing in this of the Constitution, the founders delibel-ately provided that session. revenues for the Government should not be raised through Mr. GREE~ of Florida. Will the gentleman yield? postage rates. . · . · Mr. KELLY. Yes. Congress has power to do anything which is necessary to Mr. GREEN of Florida. There is apparently no desire on create and maintain a Postal Service, but it must be for the part of the committee to increase or inake postal matters service, not for revenue raising. Cong1~ess can provide that any harder on newspapers and other publications coming within class of mail matter may be carded free if it decides such that class. action would promote the common good. It may fix less-than · Mr. KELLY. I will say to the gentleman from Florida that cost rates on any class of mail matter for the same reason. the proposed provisions uniformly reduce the present rates. But it certainly goes beyond its power when it decrees that [Applause.] certain classes of mail matter shall be carried free and certain Now, Mr. Chairman, I am glad to say that the Post Office De services performed free and then makes other classes of mail partment has recognized the justice of the principle which I matter and other services pay the cost of such policies. have l'epeatedly stated on this iloor as to proper credit for free I belie-.e we should restore the COI:lstitutional American post services. In the bill under consideration by the Post Office Com office to the lines laid down by its founders, the statesmen who mittee there is provision for credit for some of these items I have desired it to be a great unifying service institution. discussed. It provides that the cost of franked, penalty, free But suppose we are not concerned about the judgment -of the in county, and free to the blind mail shall be set apart from other fatlters of the Republic in this matter. Let us consider it as it postal expenditures. faces l1S to-day, 140 years after the Constitution was framed. It does not go far enough, but it is a long step in the right Is it good policy to-day to administer the Post Office Depart direction and does some measure of jus.tice to the Post Office De ment on a t·evenueLraising pasis? Shall postage rates be fixed so partment~ In the bill I introduced some. time ago, I specified that revenues will show a balance over all expenditures? Shall ()ther items, which seem to me to be similar in principle, and I eve1·y administrative effort have as its end the securing of a also prov'ided for consideration of the rental charge of Govern surplus at the end of the year? Shall we pay out of postal ment buildings, as menti()ned in the report of the Appropriations revenues for every free and partly free project adopted by Committee. Congress for the common welfare? . Unless we do build the Post Office Establishme-nt on a service Sueh a policy means the transformation of this establishment basis and have the accounting show it clearly, we will be into a revenue producer instead of a service giver. It makes swayed in every action by a fictitious deficit or stand unjustified profits, not service, the keynote in ilie Postal Service. Fo1· my criticism from those who conceive the entire Postal Service as a part, I protest against any such policy. jn'ofit-maldng institution. Over the Washington post office is the real ideal of the Postal We have already gone so far that we have a schedule of post Service, quoted everywhere as a true and vivid summary of its iige rates which raises revenues for the payment of Government purpo es. expenditures othe-r than strictly postal operations. · If we adopt the profit or revenue motive we should have to Something can tie said for such a plan, if honestly adopted. rewrite that statement as follows : Several nations use it now in connection with the Postal Serv "Messenger of sympathy and love" (when there is a profit on ice. But I protest against its use by stealth and subterfuge. . If the messages) . we intend to adopt it, let ns say so out in the open and act ac "Servant of parted friends" (in case the revenues will cordly. One thing is certain, it has not thus far been adopted as justify). the. American plan. On the contrary, it was definitely rejected "Consoler of the lonely'' (at so much per console). by the founders of this Nation. u Bond of the scattered family" (if held to a self-sustaining The makers of the Constitution which contains the postal basis). power, specifically refused to give any such power to Congress. "Enlarger of the common life" (in case the deficit is not They said that the post office should be for the service of the enlarged). people and not an institution ~or raising revenue. "Carrier of news and knowledge" (when money can be made The Pinckney plan submitted to the Constitutional Convention from the carriage). of 1787 provided that Congress should have power to "establish "Instrument of trade and industry" (whe·n tbe cost ascer post offices and raise a revenue from them." tainment shows it pays). · Mr. Patterson, on June 15, suggested a provision that Con- u Promoter of mutual acquaintance" (where the return to the gress be empow~ed to raise revenues- ' promoter is Sllfficient) .. · "Of peace and good will among nations'' ·(if it assures a by a postage on all letters and packages passing through the general postal surplus at the end of year). post office, to be applied to such Federal purposes as they shall deem No, Mr:Chairman, the American people have never advocated proper and expedient. - nor agreed to any such weasel qualifications of the aims of the The Constitution makers overwhelmingly rejected such sug Postal Service and they never will. gestions. They rejected also the theory behind them. They If I correctly interpret the public desire as to the Postal foresaw that any attempt to raise revenue through the Postal Service, they say to Congress: Service would destroy its primary purpose. They knew that "We ask that the Post Office Deparbnent render full and com even the sketchy service of Revolutionary days had been the plete service at the lowest rates consistent with- such service; great unifying agency which makes a nation out of 13 colonies. perform such other public-welfare services as it is best :fitted to They knew the importance of the Postal Service in the Nation carry out, to be paid for out ot Treasury funds; maintain the and they did not propose to have it marred and crippled by any most effident organization possible through a personnel receiv attempts to make it produce revenues. ing compensation in line with American standards of living and Oh, the framers of the Constitution knew all about the possi the value of services rendered." bility of making the post office a revenue producer.. They were Such a command, if ca~ried out, will make the Postal Service very familiar with the British system, which was built on that what it should be. Every family in the land should be served policy. by the Postal Establishment. This great nation-wide organiza· In 1785 the British postal system had a gross income of tion should be used for every worthy project where it can best :£463,753, with net revenues to the Government of £261,409. This serve the national need. The army of workers who make the amount took the place of so much tax money and was used service possible should have compensation and working condi to defray governmental expenses. tions whfch will serve as an example in justice to every Ameri- But the American nation builders had a different purpose in can employer. · mind. They visioned a great postal institution for the service If we definitely determine upon the service policy and an of every citizen. They had few means ~t hand fo~ ~~ising honest _accounting sy§tem, reductions in rates will be tn bar· : 1928 ,CONGRESSION"_._t\L RECORD-HOUSE 2859 mony with that policy. We raised the rates in 1925 b~caur:;e bring out the last ounce of energy. There must be arbitral'Y the !'resident and his advisers 8aw only the reported deficit and weight and unit standards forever advanced to the sldll of the insisted that it dictate policy. In his veto message of June 7, fastest worker. 1924, returning the postal salary bill, he said : "Twist the screws on costs and show a surplus " really means For the fiscal year 1923 the postal revenues were $32,000,000 less " keep the Postal Service to the point beyond which the public than the cost of the service for that year. This deficit had to be met would rise in wrath." from the moneys paid by the taxpayers. We should not add to the Improper accounting which shows a fictitious deficit does amount of the postal deficit, as is proposed by this bill, but should more than produce too high postage rates and too little service. attempt as a sound business principle to bm·e the users of the mails It means that postal workers must be denied improvements and approximately pay the cost of the service. betterments in working conditions to which every American worker is entitled. Postage rates were increased because of a mythical deficit, Any suggestion for better conditions must be weighed against and Congress will haYe to retrace its steps. When we do so, we the deficit. For instance, the Postmaster General in two annual should put up a signboard which will point the true road for the reports urged a differential for postal employees who ·work at future. On it we should write the words for all to see and night. understand: " Not profits but serYice in the post office." When the House committee tried to carry out his recom After all there has been, except for such short by-path ex mendation the favorable report was withdrawn on the ground cursions. a consistent policy in the formulation of postage of finances, which means the deficit. rates and it may be seen through all the years since the service Again the Postmaster General asked for legislation to permit was established. Many Congresses have acted upon the subject the payment of actual and necessary expenses for moving the and many changes have. been made but they have followed one household goods of officers and regular clerks in the Railway course throughout. There is a philosophy behind our postage Mail Service when arbitrarily transferred from one station to rates. They do not form a random structure, a hit or miss another for permanent duty. sy8tem. . . The entire expense involved was but $10,000 a year, and the Our general policy as to postage rates may be formulated as House committee desired to act on the recommendation. How follows: ever, when the bill was sent to the department the reply was First-class mail shall pay rates reflecting the fact that the unfavorable because of the finances. postal organization ~s built primarily to carry letters and mes These are suggestions for improvements originating in the sages. The revenues shall be about the sum necessary to pay department. It is not difficult to judge the fate of suggestions half the- entire cost of actual postal operations. which come from Members of Congress who are interested in . Second-class mail. (1) To encourage county weekly papers; providing fairer employment for the postal workers of the they shall be sent through the mails frie to such offices as have United States. no delivery system. It simply means that any such step must be taken in the face (2) To encourage religious, scientific, fraternal, and other of opposition from the department, which knows best what publications not published for profit, there shall be a fiat rate should be done. Because an inaccurate accounting system gives of 1% cents per pound for the entire publication, including a deficit, every postal worker in the land must be denied condi reading matter and advertising. tions to. which he is entitled; not only to which he is entitled, (3) Ordinary newspapers and other publications shall pay but which he has earned through devoted efforts. the full cost of carriage upon their advertising portions with a First Assistant General Bartlett has given figures showing :Cat rate of Ph cents a pound on reading matter. that in 1914 the average revenue per post-office clerk was $5,581. ( 4) Newspapers sent by other than publishers shall pay the In 192·7 it had risen to $7,951. In 1914 the average revenue per total cost of handUng. city letter carrier was $6,468; in 1927 it was $10,614. The Third-class matter shall pay the total cost of handling. average railway postal clerli: is doing 30 per cent more distribu Fourth-class matter shall pay the total cost of handling. tion to-day than in 1914. These are the traditional principles upon which rates are Surely it is not fair to compel workers who have shown such made. They are the proper principles. The confu~ion in which increasing efficiency. to endure hardships because of a non we have found ourselves for several years is due to two things : existent deficit on a faulty and improper balance sheet. First, the insistence upon higher rates when just increase in Mr. Chairman, the true end sought to be accomplished by the compensation was granted to employees. Second, the cost as Post Office Department is the service of the American people. certainment report which takes no account of the relative value That is the true keynote, the chief corner stone. With that of service giYen but links first-class mail with the other classes service motive dominating, we can meet the problems of postage just as though a railroad company should figu1·e freight rates rates, increased service, and working conditions on a just and on coal and automobiles on the same basis. efficient basjs. Both of these mistakes come back at last to the fictitious defi I have asked this time in the general debate on this post cit. The inclusion of public-welfare projects with postal oper office appropriation bill to emphasize the need of a definite ations has showed a mythical loss on some classes of mail mat postal policy. If we decide upon the service policy and ,act ter while the refusal to recognize the real status of first-class upon it, it will benefit every American through a better, niore iua'n has showed a mythical gain. It is time to decide upon a efficient, and comprehensive Postal Service. That is a purpose definite pvlicy which will permit fair and square postage rates. well worth the while of this Seventieth Congress of the United 1\Ir. Chairman, I have pointed out that rate making in the States. Postal Sen·ice has been traditionally based on the policy of Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the gen service. By making a mythical deficit the keynote of postal tleman from Texas [1\fr. BLACK]. calculations we become involved in confusion and injustice. :Mr. BLACK of Texas. l\Ir. Chairman, I have taken the :floor ·we force the users of paid mail service to pay for benefits to at this time to discuss the Box bill-H. R. 6465-a bill intro others than themselves. We compel them to pay not alone for duced in the House by my colleague Representative J OHJ."'i C . the service given them but for a great deal besides. . Box, and which seeks to place the same quota restrictions on The very first step toward fair and square rate making is to Mexican immigration as applies to immigration from the Euro learn exactly what postal operations cost after deducting policy pean countries. projects which are public welfare rather than postal. Then the I have received a good many communications from organiza costs may be apportioned to the classes of mail matter on a tions in Texas asking me hiJW I stand on this bill. One of value of the service basis. the organizations which has written me on the subject is the Postage rates is not the only question involved in a proper West Texas Chmp.ber of Commerce, and I now ask to have read postal policy. When a fictitious deficit molds postal admin in my time my reply to that letter. istration the service to which the American people are entitled The Clerk read as follows: is not given. FEBRUARY 10, 1928. If expenditures for all purposes must be squeezed into the Hon. II OYER D. WADE, limits of revenues for paid mail matter the service is bound Ma1wger lVest Texas Ollamber of Oommerce, to be cut to the bone. Railway postal cars, where distribution 8f(J)mfot-d, TeiJJ. en route would speed the mail, must give way to storage cars MY DEAR M.R. WADE : I have received your letter o! J"anuary 31, and closed-pouch service and terminal distribution. Carrier 1Q28, in which you nrge that the present immigration laws, so far as service must be cut to the minimum. Cleiical help must l.>e they relate to Mexico and Canada, be left intact, at len.st for the refused until the mail begins to pile up into a mountain. present; and you state that in making this request you speak for the Laborers must do the work of clerks and save the difference in West Texas Chamber of Commerce. You also request that I advise their compensation. Speed-up systems must be evolved to you what my attitude is on the question involved. 2860 CONGR,ESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 10 I wm be very glad to ten :rou. I am nnequlvocnlly in favor of the First. Protection of American standards of living for Ameri Box biU, which seeks to place Mexican immigration under the same can labor against the demoralization which would result from quota restrictions as now apply to European immigration. Not only am unrestricted immigration. I in i-.l.Yor of this bill, but I expect to do what I can to help get action Second. Protection of American Government and American on it at this present session of Congress. To that end I hav.e asked to institutions against the imperfect and distorted ideas of those be heard by the Committee on Immigration of the House of Representa· who have never been trained to self-government and who have tivE's when it begins its he.arings Mr. STEVENSON. Apropos of Mexicans being in Texas of the Box bill Jn exactly the form in which it is now drawn. whE>n independence was acquired, were not the English and and that is to apply the quota restrictions to all nations alike. Scotch here when we acquired our liberty, and do not the re- Mr. GARNER of Texas. I asked the gentleman n question a strictions against them ap.ply to-d3;y? · moment ago, and he an wered it in one way, that if we apply Mr. BLACK of Texas. They certainly do ; the quota applies the quota to Mexico, be woul the right conditions to revise the tariif. The bo~s answer, AUSTRIA however, was that "lie would bear it, ·but he'd be du·ncd if Skilled labor, $5.07 per week. he'd grin." The manufacturers whose products are on the Hand knitters, $3.91 per week. free list will probably feel that same way. Juven.ile workers, $2.26 per week. . The recent discussion in the United States Senate on the E'NGLAND McMaster resolution for reduction of tariff ·duties brought out Average weekly wage, $8.33. the fact that the Democratic Members, together wi~ a few so called Republicans, were anxious to revise the tariff rates but Average skilled males, $13.43. wanted them revised downward. · Average sltilled females, $6.92. The fact of the matter is that the Fordney-McCumber bill UNITED STATJII!I was written at a period when industrial activity in Europe was Unskilled average, $18 to $30. paralyzed and foreign currency so depreciated in value that Skilled knitters receive $30 to $GO. invoice prices meant almost nothing in dollars. During the In view of these tremendous differences in production costs it nearly six years that have elapsed since the passage of the bill, is p~ain to. be seen that w~thout a tariff rate that is really pro industrial conditions have changed materially and there has teeth-e Ioutted-outerwear rndustry would be hard pressed and been a gradual ~nc~ease of foreign merchandise to our ports. in parlance of the times " up against it." A reduction i~ the +he tariff bill that its opponents stated would stifle European present rates would no doubt be a severe blow to the industry trade and prevent foreign countri~ from doing business with and result either in a complete cessation of activities or a the United States has b~n the greatest revenue producer we radical cut ~ wages that would mean hardship and misery to have ever had, over $600,000,000 having been paid at the custom thousands of their employees. houses in 1926. So that instead of revision downward, the The present tariff rate is all that lies between them and the rates on many commodities should be raised, and a g~·eat many utter annihilation of their business. articles now on the f!ee list should be p1·otected by a re~on.able There evidently is a necessity for higher rates in other manu rate of duty. factures of cotton, as the Tariff Commission lists in their 1926 The knitted outerwear manufacturers have the highest pro report the.following applications for surveys since 1922: tection under the present wool schedule and yet it is insuffi cient. In spite of this apparently high tariff ou their goods, - Nankin ticking, cotton cloth, cotton cloth (fine), cotton shirtings, the import figures supplied by the Government show that in cotton goods, spreads and quilts, woven labels, fabric gloves, hosiery, 1926, under present rates, compared with 1922, the last year of and heavy coat lining. the Unde~d bill, the imports of wool knitted underwear The 1927 report will no doubt show a decided increase in bave increased ove1: 360 per cent; imports of woolen knitted applications for investigation as to foreign production costs. gloves, 200 per cent; imports of silk knitted outerwear, 139 per Applications for increased duty are made by the manufacturers ce-nt; imports of cotton knitted fabrics increased 1,600 per and the demand for decrease comes from the i.r::lporters. If the cent; and imports of cotton knitted gloves increased over 900 United States Senate had held to their original agreement with per cent. · · the House of Representatives as to the adoption of American Tbe United States woolen and cotton knit-glove production valuation as a basis for assessment of duties, the delays incideut for 1921 amounted to $21,308,700 ~nd shrank in 1925 to $8,339,- to investigation by the Tariff Commission would have been 612. The ~bove figures I have taken f1~om you~ association's avoided. The bill was prepared by the Ways and Means Com National Bulletin qf July, 1927. mittee in the supposition that American valuation would be · : Tn four leading department st Mr. CRo~rTHER. I can not account for it. This is one Mr. CROWTHER. No. We have a majority in the House; instance at least where the flexible clause did not work to the sometimes we have a good majority, but some of them run away advantage of the American manufacturers. The statement of from us occ'Usionally and vote with you gentlemen on the the President, as I remember it, was that in spite of an ad Democratic side, and we surely have not a Republican majority valorem of 75 per cent there had been a constant falling off in the Senate. in production in this country. That was a statement of fact, Mr. BLACK of New York. Will the gentleman yield? but, to my way of thinking, was a logical reason for allowing 1\Ir. CROWTHER. Yes. the increase of 50 per cent provided by the flexible clause Mr. BLACK of New York. Does the gentleman consider ratller than an argument for denying it. · Herbert Hoover a Republican? I am not so much concerned about foreign production costs. Mr. CROWTHER. Well, I did not intend to bring Mr. I really do not think we need them and if I could have my Hoover's name into this discussion, but Mr. Hoover has declared way about it I would do away with necessity of asc·ertaining his faith in a protective tariff on more than one occasion. them. Allow me to present a practical case. If the gentleman Mr. BLACK of New York. The gentleman is my expert on from Maine [Mr. HERSEY] is a manufacturer in his State the Republican side, and I follow him. and I am an importer in a neighboring city importing the same Mr. CROWTHER. Well, I want to say to the gentleman kind of goods he manufactures, be is not at all concerned about that there has been considerable doubt expressed regarding his production costs at the factory in Germany or France. What political faith, but inasmuch as be has occupied a Cabinet be is really concerned about is the price at which I can buy position for nearly eight years under .two Republican Presidents that · article laid down on the American dock with freight, and has served his country in a tremendously creditable manner, insurance, and packing paid. That iS what interests him and it seems to me that by this time he should be recognized as a nothing else. I do not think it is necessary for us to go Simon Pure. snooping into the offices of business concerns in foreign coun Mr. BLACK of New _York. The gentleman is not infallible tries, as we do under our present Tariff Commission act, and on that, is he? endeavor to examine their books and records for the purpose Mr. CROWTHER. Oh, no; and I am approaching presi of determining their production costs. I do not think that if dential nominations with an open mind. any of you gentlemen had a business and agents of the Gov Mr. BA~1JGIEAD. Does the gentleman from New York ernment from France, Italy, or Germany came to your office hope to get rid of these 14 Republican Senators in 1928? Monday morning and said, " We are here to go through your Mr. CROWTHER. Their constituents will have a voice in books for the purpose of ascertaining your production costs that matter, and I am not certain that the distinguished Mem in this plant," that they would get a very warm reception. bers the gentleman from Alabama refers to will all be candidates They might get a courteous reception, but it would not be in 1928. overwarm or overenthusiastic, and you would probably get rid Mr. BANKHEAD. The gentleman believes in representative of them as quickly as you could, and I do not think you would fo1·m of government and believes in the will of the majority grant their request. ruling, as expressed through their elected representatives? Here is what Great Britain did when thev wrote their safe 1\lr. CROWTHER. Oh, yes; but I hope that during the in guarding of industries clause a number of y~ars ago. You will tervening petiod between now and election they may give remember that the Englishman is very loath to use the word prayerful consideration to the facts and awake to a realization "protection," but he calls it safeguarding of industry. They of their duties as Republicans. wrote that safeguarding of industlies act during the war period, Mr. BAliiXHEAD. And unless the prayer is effective the and they have added many hundreds of articles to it since, at gentleman wants to stand pat? a 33lh per cent duty. Mr. CROWTHER. One or the other. I am a good deal like I might add, in passing, that Great Britain is gradually the Puritans, who said they trusted in God but wanted to keep changing as the years go by and the Cobden theory of free trade their powder dry. · is becoming gradually dissipated and thrown to the winds. She Mr. ALLGOOD. Will the gentleman yield? is becoming very strongly and very materially a country where Mr. ORO WTHER. I will be glad to yield. they believe in the protection, the safeguarding, as they call it, Mr. ALLGOOD. The gentleman spoke about not getting any of industry. Here is what they adopted with regard to value: revision of the tariff ·until 1929, or until the country elected a Republican President and a Republican House and Senate; is it Where the rate of a duty of customs imposed by this act on any not a faet.that to-day the Democrats are in favor of a re\'isiou article is a percentage of the value of the article, that value shall be of the tanff? taken to be the price which an importer would give for the article, if it Mr. CROWTHER. Downward. were delivered, freight and insurance paid, in bond at the port of im· Mr. ALLGOOD. Very well; but we are in favor of a revi portation, and duty shall be paid on that value as fixed by the commis sion of the tariff. sioners. Mr. CROWTHER. Yes; downward. So England long ago determined to have home valuation. I Mr. ALLGOOD. So, does not the gentleman think there will trust we may be able to incorporate such a provision in our next 1Je a better chance of getting a revision of the tariff by electing tariff bill in connection with ad valorem duties. a Democratic President and a Democratic House aud Senate When the House and Senate wrote the Fordney-l\1cCumber rather than to elect a Republican administration? bill they in a sense declared their fallibility when they agreed Mr. CROWTHER. I will say to the gentleman it is not al to the flexible clause, because they knew conditions abroad were ways for the good of the country when the Democrats revise such that very rapid and important changes were liable to take the tariff or when they w'rite a tariff bill; several such instances place in the succeeding ·months and years. They used their best are on record. judgment and it has been helpful in several cases. But here is Mr. ALLGOOD. But the gentleman wants the tariff revised. another thing they did. They declared themselves absolutely Mr. CROWTHER. Yes; the way Republicans revise it-for infallible as regards the free list. They said, "That is all the protection of the industries of the country. You Democrats right; we have made no mistakes there," and so they left to the are now expressing great solicitude for the farmer and de man whose product was on the free list no avenue of relief. , claring that the tariff is of no benefit to him. When you wrote There was no door to which he could go and knock and ask for thE' Underwood bill what did you do for the farmer? help. As I wrote to my friend in the cement business, he must Here is the way you treated the farmers that so many of you grin and bear it until we have an op'portunity to treat him people ru·e so earnest in your protestations regardinO' the wel fairly by allowing a protective rate on cement. fare of. This list has been printed before, but it c~n not be It seems to me that the omission of a method of benefiting printed too often. I have here the deadly parallel columns and the free list haf! worked a great injustice to the brick, cement, . they show what h·ifiing consideration you had for the fa~ers monumental stone, cedar shingle, and calf-leather industries all when you wrote a tariff bill. Het·e is a list of the products: of whom find themselves on the free list. ' Tile tariff le-vy under the Underwood and Fordney A.ct8 Mr. ALLGOOD. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. CROWTHER. Yes. Product Underwood free Fordney protective Mr. ALLGOOD, Has the gentleman any idea when we will trade, 1913 act, 1922 have another revision of the tariff? 1\Ir. CRO"'THER. I will tell the gentleman this: We will Beef and fresh veaL ______Free ______3 cents per pound. Cattle weighing less than 1,050 _____ do______1~ cents per pound. have a revision of the tariff in about 1929, after we elect a pounds each. Republican President and a Republican House · and Senate. Cattle weighing over 1,050 _____ do______2 cents per pound. Then we will have a revision of the tariff. Lambpounds and each. mutton ______do______Lamb, 4 cents ·per pound; Mr. ALLGOOD. Have we not a Republican President a Re- mutton, 21 cents per publican House and Senate now? ' pound. 2866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE FEBRUARY 10 .· The tarltl le1:y tm.der tluJ Unde.twood afld: Ford-neg ActB-Continne4 for -the farmer than you had when you wrote the Underwood bill. Underwood free Fordney protective As is it; , Product trade, 1913 aet,l922 I have said, there no need of getting excited about but what has concerned me very considerably is this: When the committee of Democratic members of the Ways and :Means Bacon and ham, lresh, pre- Free__ ------······.:- 2 cents per pound. Committee go into executive ses.,ion to write a tariff bill I pared, or preserved. feel like asking them this question: H You are about to enter ' Meats__ ·------_____ 20 per cent. Cream •• ------__ ------_____ dO------do ______--···-- 20 cents per g11.llon. u~n a project to which you are unalterably opposed, whicli I Milk.. __ ------__ -~------.do_____ ------2~ cents per gallon. your great leaders have declared uneonstitutional. Do you still · Eggs ______------__ ----- ____ do ______------8 cents per dozen. Horses and mnlCS------10 per oent______$30 per bead. believe this? " ' Earley_------15 cents per busheL __ _ 20 cents per bushel: Within the last few years one of them withdrew that state Buckwheat------Free______10 cents J)er hu ndredweigbt ment. Your great President Wilson withd1·ew, I believe, the · ('.()rn ______do------15 cents per bushel. Oat.s •• ------·6 cents per busheL ___ _ Do. statement th:at it was unconstitutionaL Now that you ru·e Rye------Free._------Do. going to write a tariff bill, let me ask you this question : " You Wheat______do ______42 cents per bushel. are unalterably opposed to the project ; you really belie-re- .Apples ______10 cents per busheL __ _ 25 cents per bushel. Cherries _____ -----_----••••• ---- ___ ..do.--- __ .___ ------$1 per bushel. some of you, at least-that it is unconstitutional and ()Ught Cider __ ------2 cents per gallon______5 cents per gallon. not to be done; now, tell me bow you write your duties, by Peaches and pears______10 cents per busheL ••• 25 cents per busheL Butter ______2~ cents per pound••• 12 cents per pound. what process of analysis or deduction do you oome to con Beans, green ______25 cents per busheL ••• clusions that allow you to write the rates into your tariff bill?'' B.ea:ns, dried______do ______30 cents per bushel. $1.05 per .bushel. Do not tell me you do it to produce revenue, because no six Peas, dried or green______10 cents per busheL __ _ 60 cents per bushel. of your men on this side agree to bow much revenue ought Onions ______~----- 20 cents per busheL ••. 57 cents per bushel. as Potatoes._------Free.------30 cents per bushel. to be produced ; and I shall ask if a duty on rice and goat Hay ______$2 per ton ______$4 per ton. hair is for revenue purposes. I have heard it stated here that $300,000,000 seems to be the peak limit, and then I beard an The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New York oth€r Democrat .get up and deny that, and say that be had bas -again exphed. never made such a statement. I think it was the geJ'}tleman Mr. 1\IADDEN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes more to fl·om Texas [Mr. BLAOK], who now sits before me. So I ask, the gentleman from New York. "Dpon what basis do you dTaw these deductions?" - · :Mr. ALLGOOD. Will the gentleman again yield? Mr. llADDElN. What was the peak of $300,000,000? Mr. CROWTHER. Yes. Mr. CROWTHER. Many prominent Democrats have thought Mr. ALLGOOD. The gentleman is now bringing an accusa that was about as much as we ought to take in as a matter of tion against his own party because they will not revise the revenue at the eu:stomhouses. tariff, and I do not see how the gentleman can hold out any Mr. MADDEN. That is more than we e-Yer took in under hope of any revi'i!ion of the tariff through Republican rule in any of their tariff proposals, but we have been taking in ove1• this country. $600,000,000 since then. Mr. CROWTHER. No; I do not bring any accusation against Mr. CllOWTHER. Absolutely; and if you belieYe in a tariff my party. I am bringing an accusation against the gentleman's for revenue you DeimJcrat:s ought to get up and shout three pa1·ty when it wrote the Underwood tariff bill. You L'liled to times a day for the Fordney-McCumber bill, because it has been do the very thing you are now asking us and hounding us to the greatest revenue producer the country has ever known • do, when you had the opportunity. that is, if you are honest in your contention and belief in ;_ You had a chance to do something for the farmer, but you did tariff bill for revenue. not give him any con ~ ideration. Your leader at that time Mr. OLDFIELD. Will the gentleman yield? brought in a bill and said, "Here is a bill without an ounce of Mr. CROWTHER. Yes. protection." That statement was afterwards modified by some Mr. OLDFIELD. The gentleman has been asking the ques of the Members, who said that when they wrote such a bill it tion as to how Democrats write tariff bills. Would the gentle could not help but result in " incidental " protection. man kindly e-A-plain to the House how Republicans wl'ite them? Mr. BLACK of New York. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. CROWTHER. If the gentleman will answer my ques Mr. CROWTHER. Yes. tion, I will answer his. Ah·. BLACK of New York. But the farmers were not going Mr. OLDFIELD. Do not these gt'C'at corporations write the broke during tile Democratic r~aime. schedules themselves? Mr. CROWTHER. During the Democratic regime nobody llr. CROWTHER. No; the gentleman and I had that argu was broke in this country. [.Applause on the Democratic ment on the floor before. He then promised that be would put side.] A bloody World War raised a tariff barrier higher the proof in the REOORD, and I said I hoped tbe gentleman than Republicans would have constructed, for it was a virtual would not forget to place ,the proof in the RE 1 Mr. GREENWOOD. The gentleman from New York thinks Mr. GARNER of Texas. "Mr. Chairman, will the gentlemaq the tariff needs revision? yield? Mr. CROWTHER. I do. Mr. CROWTHER. Yes. Mr. GREENWOOD. Are we going to revise it at this ses- Mr. GAR.l~ER of Texas. If I understand the gentleman's sion? position with reference to the protective tariff, it is that he l\Ir. CROWTHER. No ; the President has expressed himself would produce everything in this country that we could pro- on seYeral occasions as opposed to revision at this time. - duce and would not import anything that can be produced ·in Mr. GREENWOOD. Can not the Congress do something this country? even if the President is against it? Mr. CROWTHER. I should favor such a proposal. 1\Ir. CROWTHER. I want to say it would be extremely un Mr. TREADWAY. And would not the gentleman prefer that wise to touch the tariff at this session, because it would take to not having any of our industries employed in this country, six or seven months to do it. You can go into the smoking everything being brought in under a Democratic administration, room and revise the tariff in 10 minutes, you can revise it at such rates as would paralyze industry? conversationally walking from here to the House Office Build 1\Ir. CROWTHER. Yes. I think I can agree to both of ing; but it takes the Committee on Ways and Means, the those conclusions without any inconsistency. 1\Ir. Chairman, Finance Committee of the Senate, and Congress six or seven there is another idea that I try to express to the people among months of hard work after complete hearings and the help of whom I live and_ everywhere I · go. We talk considerably in the Tariff Commission to draft a tariff bill. · this country about patriotism and about the making of patriotic 1\lr. GREE:l\TWOOD. There are certain glaring rates there speeches and the waving of the flag. I think the most loyal and out of tune with the present situation confessedly. The gen patriotic thing that Mr. and Mrs. American Citizen can do is tlE>man mentions competition. If you can keep out that foreign when they need either a luxury or a necessity in their home to competition by raising the rates and improving the situation see to it that they buy something with a label on it "1\fade in in America, why do not you do it? the United States of America," where a decent pay envelope is 1\lr. CROWTHER. We can not do it now. handed out on Saturday night for an honest week's work. Mr. GREENWOOD. Take that one schedule. Why not offer [Applause on th'e Republican side.] an amendment to the present law'? I want to read something now that explains my sentiment 1\lr. CROWTHER. Because under the rules of the House and the issue very clearly. This was written by Thomas Jef ferson. Some very wonderful Democrats have written ob that opens up the whole bill. serya tion~ in favor o~ the policy of protection and this is . only 1\Ir. GREENWOOD. Then let us open it up. a little different, but It happens that it expresses my sentiment 1\Ir. CROWTHER. You can not do it. It can not be done in this respect : under the present circumstances. You gentlemen have good political sense. It is your political sense that keeps you prod The prohibiting duties we lay on all articles of" foreign manufacture, ding us continually on this subject. which prudence requires us to establish at home, with the patriotfc · Mr. GREENWOOD. If it is a good thing for America, if dEtermination of every good citizen to use no foreign article which can it needs to be raised, raise it, and if the rates need to be be made within ourselves, without regard to difference in price, secures lowered, lower them; but let us not close the door, in view of us against a relapse into foreign dependency. the gentleman's argument that the rates need adjustment. That is 'i.Jrett~ l?ood Republican doctrine, .written by a great · l\Ir. CROWTHER. If the gentleman was in the same position Democrat; and It Is pretty sound, patriotic American doch"ine. at this time, he would not open the tariff bill. It is a great Next we have the cedar-shingle industry that you have heard advantage to be in the minority because you can be like blazes so much about. They are also on the free list, and I under for something that you do not really want. [Laughter.] stand there have been 5,000 of their shingles sent here. I 1\Ir. GREENWOOD. I say that if I had anything to do with do not know whether they are to spank the Republicans or the it I would open it up, and if it needs raising I would raise the Democrats. Anyway, they are here. duty. Mr. OLDFIELD. I think they are to spank the Republican 1\Ir. CROWTHER. That is good Republican doctrine, and I members of the Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. in hope the gentleman from Indiana will help us when the oppor Mr. TREADWAY. And they came two a bunch. 1 tunity presents itself. Mr. CROWTHER. Yes; to spank both. But there has been Here is another industry, the cement industry, that got some such dereliction on the part of the Democratic Members on bow or other on the free list in 1922. A man 40 miles from me several occasions that it warrants more than one spanking. . who has $4,000,000 invested in a plant said to me the other Mr. OLDFIELD. But the gentleman will admit that the day that he is faced with a shutdown for the first time in 19 Democrats have been voting in the committee to open up the years. Why? Because cement is coming into America at such tariff bill and the Republicans have not. · a tremendously low rate from Belgium, France, !lnd England l\Ir. GARRETT of Tennessee. And looking at the size 'of that he can not meet the competition. They have what they some of the Republicans on the Committee on Ways and Means call chalk beds over there in those countries, where they just it occnrs to me that it will probably require more than one put those gigantic steam shovels in and take it. out of the side shingle to spank them. of tlle hill and put it into barrels. If you want to go into the _ 1\Ir ..CROWT~R. And if the punisllment· was made to fiJ cement business in the United States, the first most necessary the cnme, two shmgles would not be too many when properly possession is a limestone quarry with an inexhaustible supply. applied to the Democrats. · · You have to grind that limestone with tremendously expen Bricks are also on the free list. Common brick imPort<:~ si-ve crushing machinery, and by the time you get that lime have increased from 2,600,000 in 1923 to 114,345 000 in 1926. stone down to the same consistency as these people take it out They come in largely from Belgium, and are shipp~d as ballast, with the steam shovel, which costs 5 cents a barrel in that with no freight charge, only a loading and uploading charge. country, you have been put to an expense of 29.4 cents a barrel Let me say that great as is the necessity, in many cases I be in tile United States. They are bringing the cement over to lieve it would be political and industrial suicide to attempt to the southeastern ports of the country at a freight rate of 10 revise the tariff at this time. You would up.~t the whole ee11ts a barrel. 1.'he rat~ from Glens Falls, N. Y., to New business of the country and industi·y would not know " where it England is 54 cents a barrel. The cement producers are on the was at." free list, and they have no avenue of escape. Mr. GARNER of Texas. It is, then, for politicul reasons? In five years more than 9,000,000 barrels of foreign cement Mr. CROWTHER. No; not wholly for political reas·ons. It have been brought into this country duty free. Briefly, the would disrupt business, and nobody can predict what the conse- direct losses to American prosperity can be accounted for as quences would be. · follows: Mr. GARNER of Texas. If you were to undertake to revise the tariff at this Congress, you would not be able to get the bill Domestic labor lost in wages------$8, 876, 387 American railroads lost in business amounting to______6, 336, 623 you want · Coal mines lost sales totaling______,______1, 741 387 Mr. CROWTHER. You could not secure its passage in tha Textile mills and cotton growers lost business amounting ' other body, but I think we could do business with you liberal tO------528,326 Machine shops and foundries lost sales amounting to_____ 3, 465, 000 open-minded Democrats and get the bill through the House: Domestic cement industry lost sales amounting tO------16, 132, 152 [Laughter and applause.] You were speaking of the things These represent o~ly the major and direct losses. What that require spanking. I want to quote here from the Poindex these importations cost the country as a whole in stagnated ter plan of farm relief. It goes on to say : business due to depleted buying power and loss of confidence As a noted Senator once said,· referring to a distinguished Congt·ess on the part of investors can only be conjectured. m.an from Texas in the discussion of the wool schedule of the tariff 2868 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-HOUSE FE"BRU.ARY 10 bill, "tbat the di. tinguished Congressman, 11ltho11gh he was a: Democrat shut out these unnecessary Imports, or at least lift the price of tbem and upposed to be against the tariff, has taken pains to secure in the high enough to gi;e American farmers a competitive chance. Underwood-Simmons tariff bill thorough protection for his Angora goats, Let us open our minds to the full meaning of the situation. while he left tbe Rocky Mountain ram to face the wintry blasts of a I read: - - Wyoming winter without protection." Fully 50 per cent ot the cedar mills now remaining in business are [Laughter.] in reality bankrupt and 8l'e only continuing because creditors refuse 1 Now you see there is use occasionally for the shingle, and it to _accept them in payment of debts or are struggling on in the hope • is not always on one side of the J;Iouse. [Laughter.] Congress will soon right the wrongs done to American labor, business, I call your attention to a page from the magazine called odin~~~ • "The Farmer," that came to me. I am going to ask permission :RE\El\'"UE LOSSES to extend my remarks by inserting this article and some im portant letters that I ha-ve received from time to time. By reason . These extreme conditions ar~ forced on the American eednr industry gress saying that agriculture i<; prostrate in their section of the ;w I 2872 CONGRESSION _A_L RECORD-HOUSE FEBRU__ill,y 10 mates by more than $350,000,000, and this result has largely tively and with due regard to legltimate needs and require been achieved because of tlle knowledge and judgment of tlle ments. No definite figures are obtainable as to the net cost to chairman of the Appropriation Committee. the Government of this service. Only suggestive figures could In our work we are a I so a .. sisted by our very competent clerk he secured. These are based on a seven-day te ·t in October of the Hou~e Appropriations Committee, who is also clerk of last. The difference between the amount paid air mail con the subcommittee, Mr. Sheild. No one can ever quite know the tractors and the revenue from air mail stamps for thi te ·t great and important service that is performed by the competent period, October 10 to 16, was $17,651.46; that is to say, the net and experienced clerks of these great committees of the two cost to the Post Office Department for this period was $17,651.46- Houses. They are the men behind the scenes, and their work Assuming these figures as constituting a fair average, the· total i~ beyond estimation, so far as its importance is concerned. • excess of expenditures over receipts on account of the air mail I wish to call your attention especially to one or two sub contract service will run under present conditions·to $847,270.08 jects involved in the blll. Our distinguished chairman himself for the yea1·-in round numbers, $850,000, These figures, how '"ill at the appropriate time give you the general details set ever, do not take into consideration the amounts expended and forth in it and in the various estima tcs which go to make up being expended through the Department of Commerce for the the manv items of the Treasury and Post Office requirements. lighting of airways. When these· lightings are established the I have always been deeply interested in the subject of avia cost of maintaining them should not JJe relattvely a very lru·gc tion, and since I hn.ve been a member of this subcommittee item. that subject I have found to be one of absorbfng interest. With It developed ·in the hearings that out of the 15 air mail con your indulgence, I wish to submit a few facts anti figures tractors, · perha~ not more than a half dozen are now making evolved in this particular hearing and, incidentally, in the hear money on their contracts. The mail now being carried by air ings which have gone before since postal aviation has been a is the straight air mail postage, first-class mail prepaid at the yital subject before Congress. rate of 10 cents per half ounce. Under the act of June 3, 1926, It is very ,;vonderful to see what the growth of aviation has the total contract price which may be paid by the Postmaster been, and tt is very wonderful to note the splendid contribution General for this kind of mail is $3 per .pound for the first which the young men of America, in the Army and out of thousand miles and 30 cents per pound additional for each the Army, have made to this great field . of enterpri~e which hundred miles in excess of 1,000 miles. Tlie earlier contt·acts mal;:e..; its appeal, and gives its challenge, to the hardihood, to were usually on the $3 per pound basis, a · contr1tctors did not the endurance, to the courage, and. to the clean living of tile then have the experience necessary to guide them and they bid men engaged in it. the maximum allowed. L:Her experience and competition have Concerning the subject of aviation in the Post Office Depart played their part in the equation, and some of the newer con ment, I may say that one of the most interesting branches of tracts are based on much lower rates than were tho ·e of the the postal work is the Air l\Iail Service. earlier contracts, though· the service required may be as exact The Postmaster General has properly visualized the possibili ing as that for which the maximum rate is allowed. To give a tie of this field, n.nd Col. Paul Henderson, the immediate prede few examples: 'I'he 1·ate now being paid on the route· between ces~or of the present Second Assistant Postmaster General, per Chicago and St. Paul is $2.75 per pound, whereas the rate from formed splendid pioneer service in this connection ; and it is Salt Lake to Los Angeles is $3 per pound; and the rate from · but fair to say that our subcommittee has, under the wise, Chicago to Dallas is $3 per polmcl; again, the rate from Chey constructive leadership of its chairman throughout, recDt:,<>nized enne to Pueblo is 83 cents a pound; from Albany to Cleveland, the importance of air mails and bas cooperated to secure ade $1.11; from New York to Chicago, $1.24; and from Cleveland to quate appropriations therefor. It is fair to state also that l\Ir. Louisville-soon to be placed in operation-will be $1.22 per Glover the present Second Assistant, and his aides are carry pound. ing on' this branch of the service and broadening its scope with It may be interesting to know that the pre. ent total mileage wise efficiency. of air mail routes is 8,044 miles and the number of routes 18, Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Will the gentleman yield? with a total of 17,444 miles flown thereover daily. In ad Statemen.tshowing weigh! of mail (pounda) carriea b'!l tlle variow route& since atablishment oftlle contract air mailser1lice to October SJ, 19f1 Route No. and termini No.2 No.4 No.o No. 71 No.9 No.IO No.ll No. 13 No.15 No.18 Month No. l No.3 Salt No.6' No.8 No.12 No.17 Chi- Boston- Chi- Salt De- De- Chi- Jack- Cleve- Phila- Phila- New cago- Chi- Lake Lake troit- troit- Seattl&- cago- son- land- Obey- delphia- delphia- cago- New cago- City- Los anne- York- San York St. City- Oleve- Chi- ·Minne- ville- Pitt&- Wash- Nor- Chi- Louis Dallas Los cago Angeles a polis Miami burgh Pueblo ington folk cago Fran- Angeles Pasco land cisco ------!----ll------·----t----f----t----t---1------1926 February______------·------131 302 March ______------(i) ______(i) __ _ 98 337 ======---(s)___ (') (2) 150 428 ---,,f------182 646 ------(2y-- (2) ------·-(:)"-- ======:::::::: :::::::: July______======1, 968 2, 753 (2) (2) (2) 135 591 (') (2) e~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m 8, 559 7, 917 2, 439 147 736 1,355 1, 255 2, 284 August------1, 017 3, 373 8,133 8, 514 5, 562 193 706 1,242 1, 271 2, 084 ----200-159 ======------======------::::::::______;;_ September------992 2, 993 7, 764 8, 780 4, 825 250 621 3, 283 911 2, 569 2, 19'..! 166 ------October ___ ------928 2, 836 8, 414 9, 507 7, 006 225 623 5, 490 1,446 2, 461 2, 665 48 431 ------November------·-----.. ------668 2, (JJ4 7, 968 8, 816 7, 125 106 410 4, 951 1, 345 1, 830 2,032 361 ------December.------1, 059 2, 724 8, 084 11, 663 3, 274 104 629 5, 950 1,496 1, 517 2, 940 ------1927 January_---······-···············-· 663 a, 84.8 6, 481 10,363 2,259 79 376 5,087 1,374 ------2,080 ------February------·------7(JJ 2,108 6, 620 13, 797 2, 958 82 816 4,380 1,347 ------2,222 ------1,179 2,.22 3, 764 S8 858 5,424 1, 737 ------2, 418 ------MarcL------8, 00911~ 212 ------ApriL------·------1,520 2,4D2 10, 106 16, 00 3, 935 171 797 5,322 2, (JJ3 919 2,570 ------May. __ ------·------·------·------1, 590 2, 363 9, 460 15, 213 4,304 172 913 5,325 2,157 1, 763 3,873 ------June ____ ----·------2,603 3,856 10, 542 17, 120 5,392 235 982 6,131 2, 730 1,992 3,443 ------July------2, 222 2, 940 9, 509 17, 390 5,503 127 1,064 6, 709 2,505 2,026 3,537 ------4.6;057 August .. ------2,425 3,526 10,029 17,602 5,690 202 1,341 6,800 2,820 2,364 3,599 ------45,651 September-----··· •••• ------______2,242 2,960 9,892 17,647 6,126 172 1,329 7,370 2,829 1,905 3,406 ------44,365 4U,241 October __ ------1,688 3,064 10,305 18,993 6,871 155 1,360 7, 759 2, 766 2,565 3,419 ------45,599 49,105 November·------1, 448 2,474 9,322 18,187 - 6,112 72 880 7,330 2,.z7 3,299 3,157 ------41,253 45,120 TotaL------·------1 24, 819 48,718 149,247 233,762 83,147 3,276 16,545 87,311 -32, 560 110, 893 16,833 46,831 633 792 131,217 232, 1'74 1 Net weight only. J Count of postage basis. 2874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRU.An,y 10 The following is weight of mail carried by airplane on the Calif. (established September 15, 1926) ; 10, extended north to Atlanta, transcontinental and New York-Chicago overnight routes from Ga., September 15, 1926; 13 discontinued October 9, 1926; 15, Phila ;February, 1926, to June, 1927: delphia, Pa., to Norfolk, Va. (established October 10, 1926, discontinued November 30, 1926) ; 10, discontinued December 31, 1926; 11, Cleve New York-Chicago land, Ohio, to Pittsburgh, Pa. (established April 21, 1927). Transcontinental (night) Month Consolidated statisticaL repo1·t for the first half flscaZ year 1928 [From July 1 to December 31, 1927] West East West East Fre- Miles of service 1926 quency 'fotal 2,497 2,815 (round February ___ ------8,046 8,042 Length trips weight Amount March. ____ ------9,394 9,293 4,000 3,973 Month (all routes) of of mails paid to 4,049 4, 520 per April _____ ------9,535 10,425 routes month Scheduled Actually dis· contractor May.------ 10,754 11,925 5,486 6,820 flown patched 7, 949 sched- June_------__ 12,873 12,593 6, 254 uled) July ____ ------11,243 11,993 6, 088 8,840 August _____ ------12,556 12,695 6,322 9,453 September_------~------14,065 13,641 7, 612 9, 277 October ______14,027 15, 114 7, 249 9,149 1927 Miles Pou'flds November ______------12,918 13, 240 5, 521 8,124 July------6, 617 329 377,336 375,923 99,589 $250,891. 15 December ______------17,527 16,745 6,512 9,300 August____ ------6, 617 33!! 379,991 376,998 102,047 258,963.45 September_------7,340 384~ 455,052 444,519 146,486 312,809.88 1927 October------7.340 394 466,638 449,562 153,649 329.531.51 January------_____ ------11,536 14, 387 5,187 6.818 November_.------December______7,360 385 456,531 413,054 141,080 304,082.70 February .. _------14, 125 16,631 3,856 7, 220 7,810 428 489,417 (1) 162,737 (1) lVIarch ____ -----_. ---.---.------16,812 20,979 6,185 8, 915 TotaL ______ApriL .. __ ------.------ 16,323 20,282 6,401 8, 063 ------2, 624,968 ------1805,588 ------May------ 16,917 20,268 7,177 8,612 June_------21,998 22,108 10,036 9, 578 1 Not compiled at this writing. Co1tBolidated statistical t·evort tor fi-scal year .1926 The question may be asked " Does the air mail enice justify [February 15 to June 30, 1926] its cost?" I should say "Yes." Aside from any benefit· which may arise from the standpoint of a quickened Postal Service, and aside from the question of added convenience to the patrons of that service, there are othe-r considerations, I believe, quite as importnnt as these. The operation of the Air l\lail Service in this country has greatly aided the general interests of aviation, both commercial and military. Except for the pioneer work of the fearless flyers of the Ail' 1\Iail Service operating directly under the Post Office Department, the demonstration could not have been made ,,·hich was made. that this whole work is feasible, and may be commercially ·profitable in the hands of private contractors. Mr. TILSO~. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. THA'ICHER. Yes. l\Ir. TILSON. What the gentleman ha stated is amply justi fied by results thus far obtained, and every consideration ought to be given to the air-mail routes. Is the gentleman sure that 1 Route 3 was changed to weight basis on June 20, and postage value for June 20 to these routes are paying sufficiently so that there will be no diffi 30 was estimated at 10 cents per letter and 20 letters to the gross pound (including culty in the future in having the contracts continued? equipment). Mr. THATCHER. As I stated a moment ago, the testimony NoTE.-All routes were on a count of postage basis except 6 and 7, which were on a net weight basis, the postage value being estimated at 10 cents per letter and 40 before our subcommittee was to the effect that at least half a letters per net pound. dozen of the 17 or 18 operators are making money on their Routes involved: C. A. M.-6, Detroit, Mich., to Cleveland, Ohio (es contracts. Some of them are doing verr nicely, others are tabliRherl ll'ebruary 15, 1926) ; 7, Detroit, Mich., to Chicago, Ill. (estab breaking even. and others are, perhnps, losing money. In my lished February 15, 1926) ; 10, Jacksonville, Fla., to Miami, Fla. (estab judgment, all of thi will adjust itself nfter further experi lished April 1, 1926) ; 5, Elko,1 Nev., to Pasco, Wash. (established April ence, whereby thof:e engaged in this work will Le able to bid 6, 1926) ; 2, Chicag"o, Ill., to St. Louis, Mo. (established April 15, 1926) ; and be able to base their bids upon known l'Onditions and known 4, Salt Lake City, Utah, to Los Angeles, Calif. (established April 17, experiences: and they will be able to protect themselves just Hl26) ; 3, Chicago, Ill., to Dallas, Tex. (established May 12, 1926) ; 12, as bidders for other classes of mail transported on the land are Cheyenne, Wyo., to Pueblo, Colo. (e tablished May 31, 1926) ; 9, Chi in position to do. cago, Ill., to Minneapolis, Minn. (established June 7, 1926). Mr. TILSON. Does not the gentleman fear that some of these routes already established will ha\e to be given up? Consolidated statistical re-port tor fiscal year 1921 Mr. THATCHER. Some of them may be given up. ~[r. :MADDEN. Some of them have already been given up. Fre Miles of service 1\Ir. THATCHER. And the " star route " contractors some- quencyt------1 Total Length (ro~d weight Amount times fail; but the entire work is getting more and more Month ra!l routes) of tnps ofmails paid to stabilized, and as experience goes on they will be able, better routes m~:th Scheduled Actually dis- contractor and better, to meet the conditions required. I believe that sched- flown patched ultimately they will be able to bid with a mucll security, uled) with as much knowledge of what is to take place, as may the bidders who transport the ever~r day mail of the country. 1926 Miles Poumk Mr. MADDEK. If the gentleman will permit, what they will July------3, 912 298~ 222,370 214,585 26,673 $82,619.12 really haYe to get before long is legi latiou which will recognize August.------ 3, 912 299~ 220,284 214,368 32,404 91,367.70 the ability which they possess, and will also recognize the September_------ 5, 301 307 248,570 228,775 35,246 100,474.42 October_------ 5,456 325 269,062 256, 189 42,070 121,908.12 necessity of recognizing such ability and genius; and instead November __ ------5,456 312 289, 109 257,057 37,686 109,878.18 of having to compete with anybody who has not a dollar or see December ______------5,178 297 286,254 239,433 39,340 114,087.74 the contract gi,en to a man without a dollar or without ex 1927 perience, give the contract to a man who has the money, the January______4,495 262 244,010 205,612 32,510 93,552.23 experience, the ability, the determination to win and to place February______4,495 240 223,412 191,383 35,037 101,263.52 March______4, 495 274 251,778 233,308 42,111 121,987. 91 this service on a positive, successful plane of business. and .ApriL______4, 618 275 246,333 231,998 45,856 133, 129. 25 thereby help to develop what we might call a system of pre May------4, 618 298~ 256,363 248, 109 46, 133 133, 738.10 paredness that may be built around the Air Service of the June______4, 618 298 253, 648 250,491 55, 026 159,201.84 ---- 1 ---1·---- 1 ----~---- 1 ----- country. This is what we will have to take into con ideration Total ______------3,015, 993 2, 776,108 470,092 11,363,208.13 in the development of this service. Mr. TILSON. Then the gentleman is of the opinion that t Operated to and from Salt Lake City. Utah. due to emergency conditions. more power and authority should be given to the administrative Additions and changes : C. A. M.-13, Philadelphia, Pa., to Washing officers in connection with this matter'! · ton, D. C. (established July 6, 1926) ; 8, Seattle, Wash. to Los Angeles, Mr. MADDEN. Yes; we huve got to do that. 1928 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 2875 Mr. THATCHER. Thus it has come about that the Govern That is the way in '\\-bich the J:t~ederal reserve bank can act, ment has gone out of this operation and private enterprise bas and not by some ironclad proposition by which you have got stepped into it and. is meeting all the requirements involved. to step into a city where a bank is loaning extensively in that The practical knowledge and experience which bas been de kind of paper and say to it, "You mu t be penalized by keeP rived and will be derived from air-mail operation will also ing a larger reserve against your deposits." I do not know, but prove of the grente: t advantage to our military service and to I imagine that this has gone on m1til all but one or two of the our commercial operations. In the light of the marvelous banks have put their rates up to 4 per cent~ They did not do it progress which has already ·been made in aTiation, it is hardly all at once, and it was well advised that they did not. At one possible to visualize what to-morrow will bring forth. time when the sentiment was becoming a little scary, and when To-day we haTe had in the galleries of the House the two there was great criticism of this wi
·Congressional Record-House
