BRICS in the Arcc:

Emerging Opportunies for Collaborave Iniaves

Sergio C. Trindade [email protected]

Arcc Circle Assembly IV Breakout Panel 15:15 – 16:45 Reykjavík, 7 October 2016 BRICS: GLOBAL WEST MOVES EAST • Inial meeng at UN-New York, 2006 • First full meeng Yekateninburg, in 2009: * improving global economy * reforming int’l financial instuons • South Africa joined in 2010 • VIII Annual BRIC Summit Goa, India, 15-16 Oct 2016

• BRICS’ 3 billion populaon, $16 trillion GDP (20% world), $ 4 trillion reserves

• Yet, not much say in internaonal governance • Thus, BRICS as geoeconomic and geopolical alternave to current global paradigm

Alternave to Breon-Woods System

BRICS’ Conngent Reserve Arrangement Headquartered in Shanghai Established in July 2015 MoU with Asian Development Bank, July 2016 First regional office in Johannesburg

• Yet, BRICS do not have much in common

• Share concern about security and economic development

• All but one have large land surface and are large economies • Unequal rates of economic growth

• Russia, China and India have conguous territory in the

Northern hemisphere • Brazil and South Africa are in the Southern hemisphere

• History of tensions: Russia-China and India-China

• All BRICS involved in Antarcca

BRICS collaboraon in the Arcc • Science: climate change, marine biology, glaciology, geology,… • Technology: renewable energy, methane management, oil • Environment: human and physical regulatory framework, disasters • Commercial: Fisheries, mining, oil and gas, shipping, ports, tourism Carolina Freire Professor of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil • Arcc work in marine ecology and commercial fisheries, • Potenal partners in BRICS and other Arcc countries • Possible collaborave iniaves.

Celma Regina Hellebust Lawyer, Honorary Vice-Consul for Brazil in Stavanger, Norway • Review of HES* oil and gas regulaons in Norway • Comparison with Brazilian HES regulaons • Ongoing collaborave projects involving the BRICS and/or third countries

• Possible joint iniaves * HES: Health, Environment and Safety • • 20 80 ° ° ° OSTROV CHUCKCHI ° 80 VRANGELYA St. Lawrence I. RUSSIAN FEDERATION L B A 60 140 SEA (U.S.A.) A R A V D ° 100° 60 S N ° R Maria C LagunaA NORWEGIAN SEA T E EAST A I C E ° C O 60 Pevek ZEMLYA FRANTSA S 0 SIBERIAN Associate Professor, World Polics ° IOSSIFA Dept, St. Petersburg StateUniversityAnadyr' ° r' y ad 180 SEA n A NOVOSIBIRSKIYE G Y N O R W A SEVERNAYA OSTROVA Cherskiy N • ZEMLYA Coordinaon of BRICS’ Arcc acvies within the BARENTS I E N E D R DENMARK SEA LAPTEV Om W olo D I n E S L Y A nd E M A SEA ig N i B Murmansk Z E r k

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Qyzylorda 40 N U S A y MONGOLIA International capital Tokyo I Z r ° Professor of Internaonal Relaons, St. Petersburg State University D.P.R. P D S Turkmenbashi B City, town A a OF KOREA IRAQ C r E y a P'ongyangInternational boundary K Almaty TURKMENISTAN I Road S AshgabatA Tashkent Ili Soul m T Beijing Rail road u A Bishkek REP. OF

N D 9 KOREA a N Huang • r ar yn Indo-Russian cooperaon in the Arcc y ISLAMIC a 1. ESTONIA 4. REP. OF MOLDOVA 7. AZERBAIJAN 2. LATVIA 5. GEORGIA 8. TAJIKISTAN REPUBLIC Dushanbe YELLOW 3. LITHUANIA 6. ARMENIA 9. KYRGYZSTAN OF 8 SEA PACIFIC IRAN CHINA 0 400 800 1200 1600OCEAN km S T A N • N I Suggeson on BRICS’ Arcc research Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control A Kabul H Jammu in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. 200 G 0 400 600 800 1000 mi and The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been CHINA F The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map A Islamabad agreed upon by the parties. 60 Kashmir 80 do not imply official endorsement° or acceptanceSEA by the United Nations. ° PAKISTAN ° 100°

Map No. 3840 Rev. 2 UNITED NATIONS Department of Peacekeeping Operations January 2004 Cartographic Section

Zhang Yao Director Center for Marime and Polar Regions Studies Shanghai Instute for Internaonal Studies, China

• China’s peripheral and marime security problems, Marime and Arcc Affairs • China’s energy security and future development opons • Arcc governance and China’s role • Evoluon of China’s marime security view • China-India cooperaon in Arcc fisheries and other cooperaon Thank you for listening!