VOLUME .5.5 , NUMBER 4 171 lanthusrigidus (Benth.) Jeps. (Orobanchaceae) (also MATIO'lI , R., G. F. PHATI, T. R. LO NGC ORE, J. F. EMMEL & J. N. a new food plant for the species) and Plantago erecta GEORGE. 1997. The endangered quino checkerspot butterfly, Ettphydryas edith a quino (: Nymphalidae). J. Res. during the springs of 1999 and 2001 (GFP pers. obs. ). Lepid.34:99- 118. Recent molecular studies suggest these food plants OLMSTEAD, R. G., e. W DEPAMPHILIS, A. D. WOLFE , N. D . YOUNG, (Cordylanthus and Plantago ) are more distantly re­ W. J. ELISONS & P. A. REEV ES. 2001. Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 88 (2):348- 361. lated (separate families) than are Antirrhinum and RO GERS, J. G. 1997. Endangered and threatened wildlife and Plantago (same family) (Olmstead et al. 2001 ). The plants: determination of endangered status for the Laguna food plant therefore may not be the most important Mountains skipper and quino checke rspot butterfly. Federal Register January 16, 1997 Vol. 62:2313- 2322. character used to distinguish Euphydryas editha sub­ SJN(;ER, M.e. 1971. E volution of food-plant preference in the but­ species. terfly Euphydryas editha . Evo!. 25:383- 389. --. 1972. Complex components of habitat suitability within a Ali son Anderson, Greg Ballmer, Dave Hawks , Guy Bruyea, Chris butterfly colony. Science 176:75- 79. Nagano, Brenda McMillan, and John Emmel have provided infor­ - -. 1982. Quantification of host prefe rence by manipulation of mation on present and historical populations. Cecilia L. Pierce as­ oviposition behavior in the butterfly Euphydryas editha. Oeco­ sisted the seni or author on much of the fi eldwork. We thank Fred logia 52:224-229. Sproul for finding and proViding information on the newly discov­ WIIITE , R. R. 1974. Food plant defoliation and larval starvation of ered San Vicente Reservoir population, Steve Meyers , Chet Mc­ Euphydryas editha. Oecologia 14:307-31.5. Gaugh, and "vlike Wilcox for finding and proViding information on a population north of Anza, and Sam Reed lor providing information GORDON F. PRATT, Department of Entomology, Uni­ on a population southwest of Anza. We thank Andy Sanders for all of the plant identifications. We also thank Bob Luck for all of his help versity of California, Riverside, California 92521 , and support. This research was largely supported by a Fish and USA, ERIC W. HEIN, 1515 CaSSidy Street, Oceanside Game grant with the account title ofCDFG FG7J82ES LU CK 6/98. California 92054, USA, and DOUGLAS M. KROFTA, 1361 Bluegrass Rd, Vista, California 92083, USA LITEHATUHE CITED GARTH, J. S. & J W. TILDEN. 1986. California butterflies. Univer­ Received for publication 8 January 2000; revised {lnd accepted 22 sity of California Press, Berkeley, California, 246 pp. October 200l.

j uurnal of the upii/()pterists' Society .5.5 (4),2001 171-174

PRECEDENCE OF LOUISEAE BAUER, 1965 AS A NOMEN PROTECTUM OVER CATOCALA PROTONYMPHA BOISDUVAL, 1840 (NOCTUIDAE)

AIBSTRACT. The name Catocala protonympha Boisduval has heretofore been considered a junior synonym of the Palearctic species Ca to­ cala ji,zminea Scopoli. Examination of Bosiduval's type and relevant literature demonstrates that Catocala protonympha is in fact a disused se­ nior synonym of the Nearctic speci"s Catocala louiseae Bauer. Article 2.3.9.2 of the Code is invoked to give precedence to the established name Catocala louiseae, and maintain nomenclatural stability in tbe genus. Additional key words: , synonymy, types, Boisduval, Guenee, Staudinger, eulot.

In 1840, J. A. Boisduval described a new species of Guenee's original illustration of Catocala protonympha Catocala Schrank (1802) as Catocala protonympha, as is reproduced here in Fig. lc. Guenee also remarked follows: "Species distinctissima antennis crassioribus on the apparent extraordinary rarity of protonympha: dentatis; statura Callinyrnpha; alae posticae fere ut "C' est jusqu'ici , une des plus grandes raretes. Pourtant, apud jam dictam; anticae cinereo-fuscae fasciis vix an­ M. Begrand m'a affirme avoir vu, sur un mur, au bois gulosis" [A species very distinct, by thick dentate an­ de Boulogne, une certaine quantite de petites Catocala tennae; size of callinympha; hindwings about the same jaunes qui ne pouvaient appartenir qu'a cette espece, la as with those I have already described; foreWings ash paranyrnpha, avec Jaquelle la confusion est impossible" grey-brown with bands slightly angledJ. The type lo­ [Up to now, it is one of the great rarities. However, Mr. cality was listed as "p''' [=Paris, France]. Begrand is positive about having seen a celtain number Guenee (1852:103) figured proto nympha on his of small yellow Catocala on a wall in the Boulogne Plate 15, Fig. 2, comparing it to Catocala paranyrnpha woods, they necessarily belonged to the species L., which is a synonym of the vvidespread PaJearctic para nympha with which no confusion is possible J. species Catocala fulminea (Scopoli 1763), and stated Subsequently, Catocala protonympha was listed "Environs de Paris, en aout. ColI. Rdv. Un 6" rvicinity with questionable provenience by Berce (1870:242): of Paris, in August. Collection of Boisduval. One male J. "est regardee comme douteuse par beaucoup de lepi- 172 JOUR="iAL OF THE LEPIDOPTEHISTS' SO( ;IETY

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, 0 Illour CIJ U. Ur il { ,j' I'rll :So

a b c

FIG. 1. Catocala protonympha Boisduval1 R40. a, male type in the Natural History Museum (London), approx. :3/4 size . b, specimen labels on the type. c, painting of the type by Guen{>c (1852). dopteristes" [is seen as doubtful by many lepidopter­ 111e parait tellleraire de la rattacher specifiquement ists J, and the possibility of a hybrid or n1isattributed a cette derniere. Grace a la si large obligeance de specin1en vIas raised by Staudinger and \iVocke mon an1i M. Charles Oberthur, j'ai Ie plaisir de (1871:138): "uno condita; an Eutychea al. posterj­ figurer iei Ie type protonympha de Boisduval. ... oribus Hyrrlenaeae adulterata? an sp. exotica?" [one En resun1e, je vois dans la protonY1npha Bdv. une 1nale preserved; is it eutychea or otherwise frOI11 de­ espece tres particuliere, don't on ne connait que Ie scendants of a cross with hymenaea?; or an exotic seul exel11plaire d figure ici et qui fut capture aux species?J. Despite the fact that Guenee's illustration of environs de Paris. C'est un cas evidelTI1TIent fort protonynlpha does not resel11ble Catocala fulminea in rare en enton10logie, mais a moins qu'il ne s' agisse either size or pattern, Staudinger and Rebel (1901:249) d'une erreur don't j'ignorerais la source, je ne puis later placed protonympha as a dwarfed aberration of trouber aueune autre solution." [As for the so­ fuln-dnea, bE.lieving then that Guenee's illustration was called fonTI protony17~pha Bdv., it seerTIS to be wanting: "t. 15, f. 2 [fig. non quadrat bene]; (sec. mostly unkno\\1n to entomologists and in no \vay specim. typo Stgr. abo nana esse videtur)" [the figure corresponds to the exan1ple presented under this does not agree well; according to the type specil11en of name in Plate 57, line D of Seitz' work As far as I Staudinger fron1 which it see111S to be dwarf]. Both aIl1 coneen1ed, I consider protonympha Bdv. to be Spuler (1908) and Hal11pso11 (1913) also treated so difJerent from fulminea that it seems farfetched protonY1npha as an aberration of fulminea, and in the to relate it specifically to that species. Thanks to the Seitz (1913:319) volu111e on Palearctic noctuids, vVar­ kindness of lTIy friend Charles Oberthur, I have the ren treated protonympha as a form offulminea. The pleasure to illustrate here the type of protonympha Seitz figure of protonympha is nearly identical to the by Boisduval. . . . In short, I see in protonympha Seitz figure of fulTninea (both appear on Plate 57 rov" Bdv. a very particular species of which only one D), the former differing from the latter only nominally n1ale specin1en, illustrated here, is mown and that in having the hindwing ground color lighter and the \,vas captured around Paris. It is naturally a case hindvving n1edial band sOlTIe\vhat reduced. seldom seen in entol11ology, but I cannot think of eulot (1913:201- 203, Plate 77, Fig. 4) refigured any other solution except for a mistake that I cannot Boisduval's type of protonY1npha, and correctly explain]. pointed out that the type did not at all resemble the Seitz figures of protony17~pha or fulrninea. Although Despite Culot's misgivings, in later systematic works eulot clearly felt protonyrnpha and fulminea \vere dif­ the na111e protony17~pha has also been listed as a syn­ ferent, and that s()]ne sort of erfor might be involved, onym of ful1ninea (e.g., Lhomme 192.3-1935, Poole he left the taxonomic position of protonympha un­ 1989, Hacker 1990), or has been OIl1itted from the syn­ changed, as he was unable to resolve fully the puzzle onyn1y of fulminea, even in vvorks covering France or that Boisduval's specin1en presented: nearby areas (e.g., Bergn1ann 1954, Forster & \Volfhart 1971, Leraut 1980). The 1110st recent use of "Quant ala soi-distant fonTIe protonympha Bdv., the name protonY17?pha as a valid species nanle ap­ elle parait etre fort peu connue des entomologlstes to be by Staudinger and Wocke (1871). et ne correspond en aucune facon a l' exemplaire In 1965, Bauer described Catocala louiseae as a new reproduit soue ce non1 sur la Planche ,57, ligne D, N earctic species fro111 Florida. This local and generally de l' ouvrage de Seitz. Pour ma part, je trouve la unCOlnmon Catocala occurs primarily in the southeast­ protonympha Bdv. si differente de ful1ninea qu'il ern United States, fron1 North Carolina to Florida and VOL,UVIE 55, NUMBER 4 173 westward along the Gulf Coast to Texas, The name protonyrnpha for lOl1iseae Bauer (1965) would upset louiseae has been used exclusively for this species, hav­ established nomenclatural usage. Since the provisions ing appeared in catalogues treating Nearctic (Hodges of both Articles 2:3.9.1.1 and 23.9.1.2 of the Code ap­ 1983) and Holarctic Noctuidae (Poole 1989), a book de­ to be met, the name Catocala louiseae Bauer voted to Catocala (Sargent 1976), a field guide (1965) is hereby given precedence per Article 23.9.2 as (Covell 1984), the experimental zoological literature a nomen protectum over its disused senior subjective (Call 1991), regional surveys and compilations (Cro­ synonym Catomla protonympha Boisduval (1840), martie & Schweitzer 1997), and in numerous shorter re­ which becomes a nomen oblitum. ports on Catocala distributions and life histories in the We thank Martin I loney for his hospitality at the Natural History News of the Lepidopterists' Society and the Southern Museum (London), and for providing access to specimen material Lepidopterists' News (e,g" Baggett 1994, Neal 1999), there. Julie Harvey, Michael Pogue and John Rawlins chased down several literature leads. Louis Hanfield assisted with the Frem:h We recently located Boisduval's type specimen of translations, and Stephanie Spaulding, Leo Hickey and Victor Bers Catocala protonympha at the Natural History Mu­ with the Latin. Don Lafontaine offered helpful comments on the seum, London in one of the "miscellaneous" type manuseript. drawers, The male type (Fig. 1a) bears the follOwing LITERATUHE CITED labels (Fig. Ib): "CatocalaiprotonymphaiParis, type"; BAGGETT, H. D. 1994. Current zone reports. Zone IV Florida. "Vu par/Staudinger/Catalogue 1900"; "Fig. par J. CU­ News So. Lepid. Soc. 16: 14. LOT/Noct et Geom d'Europe/PI. 77 Fig. 4"; "EX BAUEB, J 1965. A new Catoca/a from Florida (Lepidoptera: Noc­ tuidae). Entomo!' News 76: 197-198. MUSAEO/BOISDUVAL"; "Ex Oberthur Coll.!Brit. BEBCE, J. E. 1870. Faune Entomologique Francaise Lepidopteres. Mus. 1927-3." The type is in fact a specimen in good Quatrieme Volume: Heteroceres, Noctuue. Chez Deyrolle Fils, condition of Catocala louiseae, and not an aberrant Paris. 256 pp. BERC\1ANN , A. 1954. Die Grosschmetterlinge Mitteldeutschlands. dwarfed specimen of Catocala fulminea. Band 412. Eulen. Urania-Verlag, .lena. 479 pp. Because the name protonympha actually refers to a BOISDUVAL, r. B. A. D. DE. 1840. Genera et Index Methodicus Eu­ local and generally uncommon Nearctic Catocala ropaeo;um Lcpidopterorum. Raret, Paris. 238 pp. COVELL, C. V. 1984. A field guide to the of eastern North species, this explains prior lepidopterists' difficulties in America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 496 pp. plaCing protonympha as a Palearctic taxon, and the ab­ CBOMABTIE, T & D. F. SCHWEITZEB. 1997. Catocala louiseae, C. sence of any Pale arctic specimens other than Boisdu­ grisatra 'and C. jair (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in North Car­ olina. Entomo!' News 108:389-390. val's type. The type locality of Paris, France for CULOT, .I. 1913-]917. Noctuclles et Geometres d'Europe. Pre­ protonympha is undoubtedly erroneous, and likely the miere Partie. Noctuelles. Vol. 2. Oberthur, Rennes. 243 pp. result of a labeling error or other misattribution. Bois­ FOHSTER , W & T. A. WOHI.FART. 1971. Die Schmetterlinge Mit­ teleuropas. Eulen ("loctuidae). W. Keller, Stuttgart. 329 pp. duval's type could even be one of John Abbot's 18th or GALL, L. F. 19~1l. Evolutionary ecology of sympatric Catocala early 19th century Lepidoptera specimens from Geor­ moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). III. Experiments on female gia, as Catocala louiseae inhabits the counties in Geor­ oviposition preference . .I. Res. Lepid. 29:217-233. GUENEE, A. 1852. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species General gia where Abbot worked, and Abbot did depict louiseae des Lepidopteres. Tome Septiel1le, Noctuelitcs, Tome 3. Roret, in one of his unpublished watercolors in the Oemler Paris. 441 pp. compilation at the Houghton Library at Harvard Uni­ HACKEB , H. HJ90. Systematische und synonYl1lische Liste der Nocktuiden Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Gebiete. Es­ versity (the Francillon compilation of Abbot's unpub­ perianal:5-165. lished watercolors at the Natural History Museum, HAMPSON, G. F. 1913. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in London does not contain a painting of louiseae). Note the British Museum. Volume 12. Taylor & Francis, London. 626 pp. that even though Guenee's illustration of protonympha HO[X;ES , R. W 1983. Check list of the Lepidoptera of America is stylized, it matches the type well, and is nevertheless north of Mexico. Univ. Press, Cambridge. 284 pp. recognizable as louiseae. Staudinger and Rebel's (1901) LEBAUT, P. 1980. Liste systematique et synonymique des lepidop­ teres de France, Belgique et Gorse. Alexanor 13 (supple­ mischaracterization of Guenee's illustration seems all ment):1- 334. the more peculiar in light of the data label that indicates LHOMME, L. 192.3-1935. Catalogue des Lepidopteres de France ct Staudinger examined Boisduval's specimen, and espe­ de Belgiquc. Volume 1. L. Lhornrne, Paris. 800 pp. NEAL, T. 1999. State Coordinator reports. Florida. News So. Lepid. cially since Staudinger and Wocke (1871 ) initially felt Soc. 21:34. that protonympha might not be a Palearctic species. POOLE, R. W 1989. Noctuidae. Part 3. Lepidopterorul1l Catalogus Thus, the name protonympha Boisduval (1840) has (N S. ), Fuse. 118: 1015- ] :314. SARG ENT, T. D. 1976. Legion of night: the unclerwing moths. Univ. been mistakenly tabulated throughout the 20th cen­ Massachusetts Press, Amherst. 222 pp. tury in the Palearctic Catocala literature as a junior SCHHANK , F. P. 1802. Faulla Bioica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der subjective synonym of{ulminea Scopoli (1763). The in Baiern Einheimischcll un Zahmen Thiere. Zweyter Band. Zweyte Abthilungen. Krull, Ingolstadt. 173 pp. name protonympha has never appeared in the N earc­ SCOPOLI , J. A. 1763. Entomologia Carniolica Exhihens Insecta tic Catocala literature, and reintroducing the name Camioliae Incligena et Distribula in Ordines, Genera, Species, 174 JOURNAL OF THE L EPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY

Varietates Methodo Linnaeana. Joannis Thomae Trattner, STAUDINGER , 0, & M. WOGKE, 1871. Catalog der Lepidopteren Wien. 418 pp. des Europaeischen Fallnengebiets. (No publisher given], Dres­ SEITL. A. 1909- 1914. Die Gross-Schmctterlinge der Erde. Die den. 426 pp. Gross-Schmetterlinge des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. LAWRENCE GALL, Band 3. Die Eulenartigen Nachtfalter. Alfred Kernen, F. Entomology Division, Peabody Stuttgart. ,511 pp. Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New SPULf.R , A. 1906-\908. Die Schmetterlinge Europas. Band 1. AII­ Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA, and DAVID C. HAWKS, gemeiner Teil. Spezieller Teil. E. Schweizerbarche, Stuttgart. Department of Entomology, University of California 385 pp. SnUDINGER, 0. & H. REBEL, 1901. Catalog der Lepidopteren des Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA PaJaparctisehen Faunengebietes. 1. Theil: Fami!. Papilionidae­ Received 101' publication 7 November 200 J; revised and accepted 21 Hepialidae. R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin. 411 pp. November 2001.