IJRBAT, Special Issue (1), Vol-V, April 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online)

CERCARIAL DIVERSITY FROM VECTOR SNAIL ACUMINATA FROM AURANGABAD REGION, MAHARASHTRA .

Nagare K. R.1 and C.B. Dummalod 2 1Department of Zoology, Indraraj ACS College, Sillod. Dist. Aurangabad. (M.S.) India. 2Dept. of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad (M.S.) India. [email protected] Abstract The species of L. acuminatawere procured from different water bodies in and around the city Aurangabad during 2 years of study (from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2010). Different larval trematodes emerged during patency were collected separately and got centrifuged. After mounting observations were made under compound microscope for their identification. In all some 6 types of cercaria have been identified during study period. Of the total parasitized snails 43.25 % snails were found invaded by, cercaria of and least number of infected snails 2.33 % were found invaded by the cercaria of Diplostomum hepatica. Key words- diversity, trematod, cercaria, Lymnaeaacuminata

Introduction Joosse and Van Elk (1986); while working on Trematode parasites are essentially a component experimentally parasitized trematode Lymnaea of the fauna associated with aquatic stagnalis by the miracidia of environment and are generally overlooked until Trichobilharziaocellata, determined the period of epidemic disease makes the association prepatency and patency. In recent year’s wealth inescapable (Erasmus 1972). Cort (1914) wrote of information gathered on larval stages of his preliminary report “Larval trematodes from digenetic trematodes from freshwater snails, North American Fresh Water Snails.” During his described throughout the world. As note by survey he described 14 new species of cercaria. Robert and Janovy (2000), the global prevalence Cort et al;(1937) carried out an extensive survey, of several parasites has not changed in by determining the incidence of 17 species 50 years. Of particular interest is trematodes in over 7000 specimens of Schistosomiasis where although the worldwide Lymnaeaemarginataangulata(Sow) from two distribution of people infected may have changed lakes in North America. Later on Faust (1919) due to eradication programs, as in Japan (200 presented his finding in “The American million) and dying (20,000/year) from Naturalist”, which deals with a biological survey Schistosome infection have not diminished of cecariae. He states that “The molluscs most (Oliveria et al., 2004). Parasitic Platyhelminthes heavily infected are the ubiquitous species. are important economically and socially and Planorbistrivolvisand Physagyrinaand the deserve the attention they receive. western species Lymnaeaproxima. According to Kerney (1999), the pond snail, L. The snail counts per unit of time method stagnalisis a Holaretic freshwater snail and a measures the density of the snail population common host for many trematode parasite (Oliver and Scheidermans 1956) in the marked species (Loy and Haas 2001). One or more area only, not the total population. These species of cercariae, sometimes more than ten, authors investigated infection rate of parasites may be found in freshwater and terrestrial by shedding and crushing method. A detailed gastropod (Ito, 1980). Very recently a faunistic description of the various types can be found in survey has been made by Sharif et al., (2010) to Cheng’s report (1973). Some are classified isolate cercariae from Lymnaeid snails in Central according to the position and number of body areas of Mazandaran, Iran. Sami and Ghaleb suckers. Some are categorized according to the (2011) investigated larval stages of digenetic shape and relative size of their tails, while some trematodes in the prosobranch gastropod snails cercariae are categorized morphologically by from freshwater bodies in Palestine. specialized body structure like the The present freshwater pulmonate snail L. Xiphidiocercarie, the stylet bearing cercariae. acuminatais inhabitant of varieties of aquatic Molluscs provide an environment that the habitats like freshwater ponds, pools, ditches parasite exploits to achieve considerable growth and rivers is proned to get exposed varieties of and reproduction.

LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE, SATARA 37 National Conference on :ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS & BIODIVERSITY IJRBAT, Special Issue (1), Vol-V, April 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online) natural and artificial stress conditions. Through identification of particular type of cercaria, rain water runoff, the water at their habitat gets percentage of trematode larvae was calculated. contaminated by varieties of contaminants and Observations and Results there can be chances of trematode infection in The frequency of trematode larval infection the water due to human and other animal’s observed in present study is depicted in table 1. excreta entering through rain water runoff. In No infection was observed during summer the present investigation an attempt has been months i.e. from February to May during both made to study the diversity of cercarial released the years of study. Snails start getting invaded from the freshwater snail L. acuminatanaturally by trematode larval pathogens from June infected by digeneantrematode larval pathogens. onwards. Heavily infection was observed in the Material and Methods month of September and October, 2009 and The freshwater snail species of L. acuminatawere 2010. Maximum infection 50 to 60 % was found procured from different water bodies in and in the month of September respectively in 2009 around the city Aurangabad during two years of and 2010. study (from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2010). Table 1 Immediately snails were cleaned with tap water Frequency of larval trematode infection from in the laboratory. Normal sized intact healthy January 2009 to December 2010. snails (22 ± 1mm shell length) were sorted out Frequency of Frequency of Month Month infection in infection in and maintained in 100 ml dechlorinated tap and year and year water. Next day visual observations were made % % for parasitic infection. Jan2009 05 Jan 2010 07 After every 24 hrs.snails were separated and Feb 02 Feb Nil transferred in new beaker with freshwater. The Mar Nil Mar Nil cercariae in infected snail water were killed with Apr Nil Apr Nil addition of formalin (2-3 drops). 1ml cercarial May Nil May Nil water taken in cavity block. With the help of capillary tube dropper, cercariae were sorted Jun 09 Jun 11 and counted. The same procedure was Jul 30 Jul 15 continued for total period of patency. An average Aug 35 Aug 25 with standard deviation of cercariae released Sept 50 Sept 60 during every day was calculated for patency Oct 49 Oct 45 period. Nov 20 Nov 39 Different larval trematodes were collected Dec2009 10 Dec2010 13 separately and got centrifuged. The larvae settled at the bottom of the tube were Table 2 transferred to cavity block. First of all the larvae Incidence of different trematode larval infection got preserved in 4% formalin. These preserved during infection period. larvae then got processed for morphological Cercaria of following Infected snails study. After getting washed with distilled water, Sr.No. got stained with either heamatoxylin or neutral trematode in % red and passed through increasing grades of 1 Fasciola hepatica 43.25 alcohol for dehydration. After that parasites 2 Plagiorchisvespectilionis 20.84 mounted over the micro slide under DPX 3 Echinostome sp. 15.62 medium. Observations were made under Pseudoechinoparyphium 4 10.41 compound microscope for their identification. sp. The trematodecercarial larval characters such as 5 Trichobilharziaocellata 07.55 position and number of suckers, shape and size 6 Diplostomumhepaticum 02.33 of the tail and morphologically by specialized Total 100.00 body structures were taken into account for their identification. While identifying the cercaria a system atic key reference by Frandsen Various type of larval trematode pathogens got and Christensen (1984) was followed. After invaded in the naturally infected L. acuminatais shown in the form of observation table 2. In all

LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE, SATARA 38 National Conference on :ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS & BIODIVERSITY IJRBAT, Special Issue (1), Vol-V, April 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online) some six types of cercaria have been identified snails collected from Salim Ali Lake Aurangabad. during study period. Of the total parasitized Fish host may be the definitive host of this snails 43.25 % snails were found invaded by, trematode larval pathogen because many fishes cercaria of Fasciola hepatica and least number of are the inhabitants of this lake as associate . infected snails 2.33 % were found invaded by the Lake water inhabitants of snail L. acuminatain cercaria of Diplostomumhepaticum. the present study found heavily infected with cercarial larval trematodes compared with snail Discussion species collected from lotic water dwellers. Many aquatic snails act as an Wealth of information is available on morphology intermediate host for larvae of trematode and various types of larval trematode stages parasites. In Japan the numbers of people at such as furcocercouscercaria were described by risk (600 million), infected (200 million) and Azim (1935), Xiphidiocercaria by Azim (1936) dying (20,000 per year) from Schistosome EL- Gindy and Hanna (1963) and Sakla and infections (Oliveira et al. 2004). From economical Khalifa (1981) and Pleurolophocercouscercariae point of view worldwide losses due to Fasciolasis were described by Khalifa et al. (1977) and are conservatively estimated as some US $ 3.2 Fahmy et al. (1986) in Egypt. Recently Yousif billion per annum (Piedrafita et al. 2004).One of and his co-workers (2010) described morphology the most characteristic features of trematode- of new eleven types of cercariae from mollusc interactions is their specificity. In the prosobranch snail, Melanoidestuberculata in present investigation the intermediate snail host Egypt. Of these cercariae they have describe two L.acuminata most of the time got invaded by new types of cercariae which were released from only one type of cercaria. M. tuberculatus. Based on variations in During two years of study from the point superficial morphological characteristic features of incidences of cercarial infestation in naturally some ten different types of cercarial forms have infected snail L. acuminata, found heavily been noticed in the naturally infected present invaded by larval trematodes during post intermediate host snail L. acuminata. Similar monsoon period i.e. during Sep. and Oct. 2009 type of observations were made by Cort (1914), and 2010. Choubisa (2008) while screening while working on larval trematodes, some 14 freshwater gastropod snail from the point of new species of cercaria have been collected from larval trematode infection in the tribal region of freshwater snails from different localities Southern Rajasthan, reported that the most throughout the United States and from various favourable season for cercarial infection was ecological situations. found during late rainy or prewinter season. The emergence of two types of cercariae from During this season more than 95 % matured single snail host is referred as a case of double snail species found release of different kinds of infection. Such type of incidence occurred rarely cercaria like the present intermediate snail host in present study. Two types of furcocercariae Lymnaeafrom Aurangabad. have been found infested in L. acuminataat one L. acuminatais found distributed both or two occasions of naturally infected snails may lentic and lotic type of water body and is having be due to identical host- specificity of two a surface dwelling habit. May be because of this different digenetic trematode parasites. Two fact it is found invaded by diversified species of types of furcocercariae namely trematodecercarial larvae has been reported by Trichobilharziaand Diplostomahave been found Choubisa (2008) in various genera of the family infesting different snail specimens of L. . He also found that the larval acuminata, collected from same locality the city digenean infection in surface dwelling snails Aurangabad (M.S.). These two from the lentic environment especially in the furcocercouscercaria never found infesting perennial ponds or reservoirs was higher than together in the same animal during two years of those of bottom dweller species in the same study period. Similar type of infection have been habitat. The present snail L. acuminatamay be also observed by Pande and Agrawal (1978) and due to surface dwelling habit shows maximum Choubisa (1986b). diversity of trematodecercarial larvae. The present study provides to estimate larval The digenean trematode Diplostomum trematode parasites among lymnaeids snails and spathaceumis well known parasite in fishes their zonotic importance in animal or human where it occurs as metecercercaria in the eye health. lenses of the host and often causes parasitic cataract (Sheriff et al.1980). While screening the Acknowledgement: present freshwater snail L. acuminatafrom the The authors wish to thank to the Head of the point of larval trematode infections, it has been Department of zoology, Dr. Babasaheb observed that the cercarial stage of Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad Diplostomumwere found invaded in the body of for providing all facilities for this work.

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