Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization, and Reconciliation

Quarterly Report – FY2020 April - June 2020

Implementation Period: April 16, 2018 - April 30, 2023 FY 2020 Quarterly Report April 1, 2020- June 30, 2020 This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Creative Associates International for the Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization and Reconciliation project, contract number 720-688-18-C-00002.

USAID Point of Contact: Andrew Greer, COR, [email protected] Prime Partner: Creative Associates International Activity Name: Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization, and Reconciliation Contract #: 720-688-18-C-00002

CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4 II. CONTEXT...... 5 IV. OBJECTIVE 1: RESILIENCE TO VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT REINFORCED ...... 10 V. OBJECTIVE 2: INCLUSIVE GOVERNANCE AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT STRENGTHENED IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES ...... 17 VI. OBJECTIVE 3: EMPOWERING YOUTH AND BUILDING THEIR RESILIENCE TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM ...... 19 VII. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 25 VIII. GRANTS ...... 27 IX. OPERATIONS ...... 28 XI. COORDINATION AND PARTNERSHIP ...... 29 XI. LESSONS LEARNED ...... 30 XII. SUCCESS STORIES ...... 31 XIII. KEY ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR NEXT QUARTER...... 31

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 2

ACRONYMS

ADR Agences de Developpement Regional (Regional Development Agencies) AMSS Association Malienne de la Survie au Sahel (Malian Association for Survival in the Sahel) AQIM Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) CAF Conflict Analysis Framework CAFO Coordination des Associations et ONGs Féminines (Coordination of Women's Associations and NGOs) CBO Community-Based Organization CC Community Coordinator CEC Community Engagement Committee CEP Civic Engagement Program CMA Coordination des Mouvements de l’Azawad (Coordination of Azawad Movements) CMC Conflict Management Committee COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019 CSO Civil Society Organization DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration DQA Data Quality Assessments ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EWER Early Warning and Early Response EWRS Early Warning and Response System FAMA Forces Armées Maliennes (Malian Armed Forces) FRAMe® Fragility and Resilience Assessment Methodology FFP Fund for Peace FOSC Forum of Civil Society Organizations GOM Government of Mali IDP Internally Displaced Person M5-RFP Mouvement du 5 juin – Rassemblement des Forces Patriotiques M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MEL Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning NGO Non-Governmental Organization PMP Performance Management Plan Mali PSR Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization and Reconciliation Program PDESC Plan de Développement Économique, Social et Culturel (Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan) P2P People-to-People P/CVE Preventing/Countering Violent Extremism RECOTRAD Réseau des Communicateurs Traditionnels pour le Développement (Network of Traditional Communicators for Development) REWARD Reacting to Early Warning and Response Data in West Africa Program SMC School Management Committee SNGP Sub-National Governance Project US United States USAID United States Agency for International Development USG US Government V4P Voices for Peace

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 3

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization and Reconciliation (Mali PSR) (herein referred to as the program), is a USAID five-year $20 million contract with a $5 million Crisis Modifier that was activated on June 2, 2020 to address the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic and its impact in Mali. The program is implemented by Creative Associates International along with local partners Association Malienne pour la Survie au Sahel (AMSS), facilitating implementation in northern Mali, and Think Peace, facilitating implementation in the center of Mali. The purpose of this program is to improve prospects for long-term peace, security, and reconciliation by building trust between conflict-affected communities and their governments, strengthening the ability of communities to mitigate and manage conflict, prioritize and implement community-led action around their most pressing development needs, and training and empowering marginalized youth as change agents. Program activities are being implemented in 46 conflict affected communes in the center and northern Mali covering seven (7) regions, Ségou, Mopti, Tombouctou, Gao, Kidal, Menaka and Taoudenit with linkages to regional and national policies intended to promote peace, reconciliation and development. The goal of Mali PSR is to see measurable improvement in the efficiency, effectiveness and capacities of local communities to be more resilient to conflict and violent extremism. Fostering stability in target regions is not only a desired end unto itself, but a necessary pre-condition for the full and complete implementation of the peace agreement and the regional development plans- which, in turn, will create the conditions for more lasting, durable peace. Mali PSR activities are integrated by three objectives which support this broader program goal.

During the reporting period, Mali PSR submitted two proposals: 1) a rapid response proposal aimed at pivoting existing activities to spread the word and provide accurate messages about COVID-19 to help mitigate the spread of the novel Coronavirus and, 2) a Crisis Modifier to address the first and second order effects of COVID-19. In June 2020, with the approval of the Crisis Modifier, Mali PSR expanded programming to address the impact of COVID-19 and the associated second order effects in the 46 intervention communes, Bamako, and the regions of Kayes, Koulikoro, and Sikasso in the south of the country. A new international strategic communications partner, Moonshot CVE, joined the consortium to identify and track inaccurate and divisive information being spread about COVID-19. Moonshot will help to redirect social media users to accurate information; and will train youth to carry this initiative forward.

With the expanded programming, Mali PSR sought to balance the implementation of planned activities with enhanced flexibility to respond to unfolding political/security events and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key achievements realized under the year 2 work plan during the quarter included: 1) the continuation of conflict prevention, mediation training for 143 participants, including 27 women and 23 youth in five (5) communes; 2) forums on reintegration and reconciliation in ten (10) communes which brought together over 338 youth leaders, community representatives and government officials; 3) capacity building for 50 participants to promote the rights of youth and expand their agency; and 4) teachers trained in P/CVE participated in facilitated discussions to share their experience in addressing violent extremism in five (5) communes for 97 people, including 28 women and 15 youth from the School Management Committee (SMC), parents’ association, elected officials, teachers, students, and representatives of women’s associations. Mali

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 4

PSR continued to foster strong partnerships with the Regional Development Agencies (ADRs) in an effort to support citizen participation in the Programme de Developpment Economique, Social et Culturel (PDESC) development process. Finally, while the debriefing of the local councils on youth assets mapping continued in five communes, Mali PSR began exploring alternative approaches for reaching larger numbers of youth in a more sustainable manner.

Under the COVID-19 rapid response plan approved on April 23, 2020, Mali PSR completed several initiatives with local officials to rapidly respond to community needs aimed at increasing the legitimacy of elected commune officials. Interventions included radio call-in shows where community health workers provided accurate facts about COVID-19. The program donated approximately 174 handwashing stations to 36 communes, which filled a critical gap towards helping communities mitigate the virus. A communications campaign was launched in April: Understand to Withstand COVID-19 included peer-to-peer messaging and innovative ways to engage youth and women through E-grins1 and E-tontines.2

Mali PSR launched the Crisis Modifier with the following activities: 1) Mali PSR completed a preliminary desk-review mapping of USAID Democracy and Governance implementing partners and their local grantees as possible recipients for COVID-19 grant funding in the south of the country; 2) two grants were awarded to conduct messaging to young people in Sikasso, and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Bamako; 3) staff recruitment was initiated for approved personnel positions under the Crisis Modifier; and, 4) Mali PSR issued solicitations for baseline surveys to examine citizens’ perceptions of various issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic, governance, conflict, and civic engagement, and to establish baseline measures for key performance indicators.

II. CONTEXT At all levels, security in Mali deteriorated significantly during the reporting period. The country experienced several ambushes and complex attacks against defense and security forces, there was an increase in armed conflict between local ethnic militias, and brazen attacks carried out by armed bandits. The political climate also took a sharp downturn with highly contested legislative elections and mass demonstrations denouncing poor governance, corruption, the rigging of elections, and the release of opposition leader Soumaila Cisse, who was kidnapped four days before the first round of the elections on March 29. A seven-month teachers’ strike that ended in June also contributed to the tense security environment during the quarter.

Although heightened insecurity did not stall Mali PSR operations, program staff in the regions of Ségou, Mopti, Gao, Timbuktu, Taoudéni, Menaka, and Kidal had to navigate not only increased criminality, but also attacks by armed groups and the subsequent military response. On April 6, in Bamba, a commune in the Gao region, a Malian army (FAMa) position was attacked resulting in 35 fatalities, 25 of them soldiers, 10 assailants, and 6 wounded. On April 9, the Sub-prefect of Dinangourou and two others in a FAMa military supply convoy, were killed when their vehicle

1 Grins are circles of friends - mostly men – who meet regularly to talk and drink green tea. They usually drink tea from the same glass. 2 Tontines are mostly women of the same age group who contribute a set amount of money every month to a common “pot,” that is allocated to a different member each month. They drink tea or soft drink from the same glass and talk during regularly scheduled meetings where money is paid and shared out according to a set schedule.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 5 hit an improvised explosive device. On May 3 in Diré commune, Timbuktu region, the local police station was attacked by four armed individuals on motorcycles. Three days later, on May 6 a drive-by murder of a businessman in front of his home led to youth demonstrations against banditry, resulting in the closure of markets, financial institutions, and public services in the city of Timbuktu. On the same day in Markala, Segou region, the Islamic Group of the Greater Sahel attacked a military position reportedly capturing weapons and two vehicles. Between May 16-31, fifty-six (56) people were killed in attacks linked to inter-community conflicts in the cercles3 of Bankass, Koro and Bandiagara, in the Mopti region. The month was also marked by several demonstrations against the results of the elections, curfew, untimely electricity cuts, and a reaction to the killing of a young man by a policeman in Kayes. For several days, demonstrators burned tires and blocked roads in Bamako and almost all major towns in Mali.

The killing of Abdelmalek Droukde, the leader of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) on June 3 by French soldiers in Kidal, led to reprisals by armed groups in the North and Center of the country. The Malian army suffered the loss of 24 soldiers in an attack in Bouka Wéré, Diabaly commune on June 14. A FAMa checkpoint located at the northern exit of Bourem, Gao region, came under attack on June 16. The next day in Diré, in the Timbuktu region, the Sub-prefects of Dangha and Diré were kidnapped during an attack on their office. The former was released a few hours later and was able to reach the locality of Goundam; the Sub-prefect of Diré was released on June 20.

The attacks on the military and government offices in June were coupled by an increase in actions by armed groups and inter-community violence in the Mopti region. In the first half of the month, civilians in the localities where the Katiba Macina and Jama’at Nusral al-Islam operate were victims of physical violence and racketeering. Twenty-four civilians were killed, including 15 at the weekly market in Yangassadiou on June 3 in Mopti. Eight (8) were killed, and 53 injured, when a bus in the Douentza cercle hit an improvised explosive device.

To exacerbate an already volatile environment, the second round of the legislative elections was held on April 19 in a tense atmosphere due to multiple challenges to the results of the first round and due to the fact that voting in several localities was disrupted or prevented by the intimidation tactics of armed groups. Several demonstrations were organized in Bamako and in several cities to denounce alleged tampering with ballot boxes, the poor organization of the elections, and the controversial ruling by the Constitutional Court which reversed approximately 20 percent of the results in favor of ruling party candidates. This situation created a climate of tension and mistrust between the government and opposition political parties and galvanized a coalition of opposition groups into mass protests.

The Coordination of Movements and Associations and Sympathizers of imam Mahmoud Dicko4; the Front for the Safeguarding of Democracy; the Movement Espoir Mali Koura; the Forum of Civil Society Organizations (FOSC); several opposition political parties; trade unions, drew thousands of activists and ordinary citizens to two demonstrations. During the first protest on June 5, security forces clashed with demonstrators, preventing them from reaching the president’s office and his private residence. On the same day, four prisoners at Bamako's central

3 A cercle is the second level administrative unit in Mali. 4 Dicko is a former head of the national High Islamic Council, and leader of the Wahabi sect in Mali.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 6 prison were killed in a failed jail break, allegedly to join the protests. By the second demonstration on June 19, the organizers had formed the Mouvement du 5 juin du Rassemblement des Forces Patriotiques (M5-RFP), a coalition representing the opposition groups. President Keita’s offer to meet with M5-RFP was rejected, triggering a mission to Mali by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) on June 18 to help de-escalate the situation. Joint meetings were held with the African Union and United Nations representatives on June 24. An ECOWAS press release was released and called for the government to reconsider the disputed results of the elections. In a statement echoing the press release, U.S. Ambassador, Dennis B. Hankins, reaffirmed the international community’s position that there should not be efforts to remove the government of Mali by unconstitutional means.

These events not only highlighted widespread socio-political malaise, but the growing influence of religious leaders in national politics.

COVID-19 in Mali On March 25, the first two cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in Mali. As of June 27, there were 2,118 confirmed cases of COVID-19 of which 1,398 had recovered and 113 were fatal. Bamako is the epicenter of the virus. However, in June, there was a sharp spike in the Timbuktu region which resulted in emergency response led by the US Mission and other bilateral donors. Of the 2,118 cases in total, 488 were in the Timbuktu region, representing approximately 23%, behind Bamako with 1,017 cases, or 48%. The region of Mopti recorded 216 cases, approximately 10% percent. Since the outbreak of the first case on March 25, 2020, 13,908 people have been tested out of a population of about 20 million, representing only 0.06% of the overall population.

As with many other countries, the Malian government struggled to address the immediate impact and second order effects of COVID-19. On April 10, the president announced the following assistance measures: 1) a government payment of water and electricity bills for the most destitute households; 2) distribution of food for the most vulnerable; bonuses for health personnel; and 3) a plan for mobilizing XOF 500 billion (approx. $883,000,000) to address the pandemic in Mali.

Commune Classification Mali PSR’s commune classification remains an important context monitoring tool to regularly update risks and conflict assessments. The classification responds to unanticipated changes in an ever-evolving security context, and allows for Sequencing, Layering, and Integration adjustments in activity design and implementation. In buffer and resilient communes, Mali PSR conducted intervention activities around community stabilization and assisted communities to address grievances that could become a source of conflict.

The 46 Mali PSR communes were reclassified during the quarter. The following nine (9) criteria continue to be used to classify target communes as resilient, buffer or in conflict:

Under Objective 1 • Level of conflicts • Status of the mechanisms to prevent and mitigate conflicts • Existence of external threats

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 7

Under Objective 2 • Functioning of state services • Do basic social services to the citizen • Existence of communication and exchange mechanisms between the state and the citizens

Under Objective 3 • Existence of radical beliefs • Engagement of youth in violent extremist activities • Occupation by violent extremist groups

General patterns of commune’s designation Communes are most vulnerable to and affected by ongoing conflict and insecurity. The absence or weak presence of state officials continue to hinder the delivery of basic social services thus widening the trust deficit between citizens and the government and rendering participatory governance and collective action difficult. Although buffer communes have some resilience they remain largely at risk for conflict because the presence of armed groups hinders the freedom of movement and expression. Basic social services, particularly schools, are intermittently available. In communes where the Malian army is absent, armed groups ensure the security of people and property. However, these armed groups lack institutional accountability to the state, which could cause some of the armed groups to commit abuses in their communities. Communes without conflict and insecurity are classified as resilient. This means that the state is present and basic social services are delivered. These communes are not subjected to violent conflicts largely due to presence of the Malian army and/or international military forces. Joint patrolling by the Malian Army/CMA/Platform and international armed forces also contributed to the security of residents. As shown in the graphs below, Mali PSR communes are mostly classified as buffer and in conflict.

Commune classification, Center Q2 & Q3. Out of a total of 22 communes in the Center, eight (8) communes Q3, 10 remained in conflict, ten (10) as Q2, 9Q3, 8 Q2 9 buffer. During the quarter, the communes of Niono and Bandiagara Q2, 4Q3 4 improved from conflict to buffer, conversely however, the situation in Konna deteriorated from buffer to conflict. Resilient communes four Conflict Buffer Resilient (4) remain unchanged.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 8

Commune classification, North Q2 & Q3. In the North, the three communes of Q3, 14 the Taoudenit region, were classified Q2, 13 as buffer, while the communes of Anderamboukane and Alata degenerated from buffer to conflict. Q2, 6 By the end of the quarter, five Q3,5 Q2, 5 Q3, 5 communes were in conflict; 14 in buffer. Five (5) communes determined to be resilient remain unchanged. Conflict Buffer Resilient

All PSR communes Q2 & Q3 . Overall, 52% of Mali PSR communes Q2, 22Q3, 23 (24) are buffer, 28% are in conflict (13), and 20% (or 9) are considered Q2, 15 resilient (9), which therefore Q3, 13 confirms the continuing fragility of Q2, 9 Q3, 9 these communes to cope with conflicts.

See Annex IV for a full commune Conflict Buffer Resilient classification table.

Grants During the quarter, USAID approved 50 grants worth a total value of $305,925 USD. The program issued the following eight (8) solicitations: • #MaliYouth2Youth for early warning COVID-19 messages. • Production of a COVID-19 Early Warning slam in French and Bambara. • Radio soap operas on the Pastoral Charter and the Agricultural Orientation Law for the prevention and management of conflicts between herders and farmers are under production. • Development of a vlog to encourage participation of citizens with disabilities in the PDESC process. • Development of radio and or online campaigns that encourage citizen participation in the PDSEC process is under review. • Referral and support services for female survivors of trauma during confinement. • COVID-19 Youth Social Enterprise Ideas Competition. A list of the grants approved and/or awarded during the quarter are included as Annex V.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 9

IV. OBJECTIVE 1: RESILIENCE TO VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT REINFORCED

Establishing an Early Warning Early Response System As part of the process to assist in the design and establishment of an Early Warning and Response (EWER) system at the commune level, Mali PSR worked with CEC members and local authorities in ten (10) communes5 to ascertain how communities transmit information. The communes were selected based on the findings of the intersectoral analysis6 which identified that trust in these communes is sufficiently high to pilot an EWER system. Communities identified traditional communication channels that were mostly verbal and informal. Many of the traditional A town crier walking through the streets communication systems include a town crier, local messengers, and traditional communicators. These actors were selected because they have demonstrated their ability to reliably convey messages on specific upcoming events and/or share information within the community or to selected recipients. Mobile phones and social media are used to report alerts or share information in communes where internet connection is reliable. Local radios are the main and most reliable communication channel, however, to disseminate mass information, such as announcements and decisions from authorities. In Ouenkoro, respondents specifically identified women and youth as key information and communication resources. As a next step to piloting an Early Warning Early Response system, Mali PSR is preparing to engage Fund for Peace (FFP), a key partner under the USAID-funded Reacting to Early Warning and Response Data in West Africa program (REWARD), to finalize the EWER strategy. In the next quarter, FFP will complete its review on the appropriate EWER actors and will work with CNAP to set-up a pilot system in select communes.

Training of Key Influencers in Conflict Mediation, Negotiation and Dispute Resolution During the quarter,143 people, including 30 women and 32 youth, were trained in groups of 10 on conflict prevention and mitigation in Soni Ali Ber, Anderamboukane, Ansongo, Djenne and Tessit. Training participants included members of the: CEC, Conflict Management Committee (CMC), Local Youth Council, Coordination des Associations et ONGs Feminines (CAFO), Jeune Chambre Internationale, and political/administrative authorities.

The following points emerged from the discussions during the Tessit training held on May 14: a) Women and youth were underrepresented in several structures aimed at managing and preventing conflicts; thus, in the event of conflicts, they are neither consulted nor involved;

5 Ouenkoro, Segue, Tenenkou, Segou, Markala, Bamba, Sony Ali Ber, Alata, Agouni, and Ber. 6 The intersectoral analysis is based on findings from the Conflict Assessment Analysis and the Fragility – Resilience Assessment Methodology (FRAMe®), an instrument developed by Creative Associates International, to measure citizens’ perceptions on the overall governance system.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 10

b) Some conflicts were not mitigated because the influential people involved were not always neutral. Some members of the CMC for example, have waited to be contacted instead of proactively addressing the conflict(s); c) Exchange visits must be organized to allow members of conflict prevention and management structures to learn and benefit from the experience of other communes; d) More youth and women should be trained in conflict management/prevention to A conflict prevention training session held in May 2020 ensure that they can play a more enhanced and effective role within the community structures; e) A public debate should be organized on the management and prevention of conflicts using a practical case such as the conflict between herders and farmers in Gassal.

During training sessions which were held May 14 and 15, participants in Djenne felt that the approaches taught in the training would lead to effective conflict mitigation to address recurrent herders-farmers and land conflicts.

Participants in the conflict prevention and mitigation training made the following recommendations: • Revitalize and equip existing conflict management committees; • Plan awareness-raising and mobilization activities in the event of disasters and pandemics such as COVID-19; • Create a fund for mediation and reconciliation missions; • Train mediators to manage conflicts in the commune; • Set up a committee to follow up on the recommendations; • The Government of Mali must implement the Peace Agreement; • Restore the authority of the traditional leaders; • Promote access to equitable justice; • Train community leaders on their roles and responsibilities.

TESTIMONIALS FROM THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE TRAINING ON CONFLICT PREVENTION AND MITIGATION

Bintou Walet Assaleh, CAFO member in Tessit stated, “I attended several courses in conflict management, but this training was more original in terms of content and approach. I understood how to analyze, manage, and prevent a conflict. It was really very interesting. I thank Mali PSR and think that we must in turn debrief members of our organizations. I am sure that from now on the local authorities will consider women and youth role in conflict management.”

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 11

According to Baba Maiga, former council advisor and a member of the CMC, “The situation in Djenné has been calm for some time. We must maintain this situation through local conflict management mechanisms; this is why the CMC must exist and be functional.”

Haoussa Korobara stated, “The training allowed me to understand that a lot can be done at the local level without necessarily possessing large resources to prevent conflicts.”

The President of the local CAFO and CEC member, Safiatou Kabango, stated, “There is no community without conflict; conflicts are linked to our existence and it is therefore necessary to prevent and resolve them. This training is welcome, and we women are ready to support men wherever it is a question of peace and social cohesion. Mali PSR can count on us women.”

Mali PSR’s community engagement and entry approach emphasized the need for community ownership and trust in the resolution and mitigation of conflict and the promotion of peacebuilding. During startup, the program established CECs, which called for specific selection criteria, responsibilities and composition that are different from the Conflict Management Committees. However, in 23 of 46 Mali PSR intervention communes, members of CMCs also serve on the CECs. Mali PSR will explore how the overlap in membership may be an opportunity for sustainability of leadership in commune level conflict management. The program will continue to support CEC and CMC members to apply their newly acquired skills to prevent/mitigate conflicts. A listing of CMCs is included as Annex VI.

Forums for Reintegration and Reconciliation Mali PSR organized reintegration and reconciliation forums in ten (10) communes7 to solicit community perspectives on the opportunities for, and challenges to reconciliation and reintegration to enable communes to prepare how these very important issues will be addressed.

The forums brought together a total of 338 participants, including 76 women et 62 youth. CEC members, community advisors, government technical services, influential people and key actors, youth, women, and religious leaders were in attendance. In an effort to observe COVID-19 social distancing requirements, each forum was held over a 3-day period and training was conducted in groups of ten.

In the Timbuktu forum held from May 8 -13, reconciliation was perceived as an overall framework for peace and a means of bringing together two or more people who have been in conflict, while reintegration was defined as a process where ex-combatants return back into society and armed groups are disarmed and agree to stop using violence. Participants noted that while the international community can assist by supporting and monitoring peacebuilding programs, providing advice, expertise and training, reconciliation must be locally owned.

Some participants agreed during a forum held in Dire from May 7-9, that reconciliation was an issue because of clashes between the community, the mayor and the police. Others stated the commune did not have a reintegration issue because Sonrai, Tamashek, Bozo, and Peuhl

7 Timbuktu, Diré, Soboundou, Agouni, Ber, Goundam, Macina, Niono, Bandiagara and Ouenkoro.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 12 communities coexist peacefully. This perception contradicts the results of the FRAMe® data for this commune which highlighted social cohesion as a source of fragility to be addressed in order to prevent conflict. Yet other participants were skeptical and considered reconciliation and reintegration to be mere words with no meaningful action.

The forum in Goundam, took place May 11-13. The community members acknowledged that the commune was faced with challenges to reintegration and reconciliation, because social cohesion was weak, and peace had not yet been obtained. Several participants also highlighted that the Algiers Peace Agreement was not yet fully implemented and that only a select few benefitted from the absence of reconciliation and reintegration in the commune. Nevertheless, there was strong agreement that reconciliation is a prerequisite to development.

Women in the Soboundou commune shared during the forums that were held from May 14-16, that they not only had to adhere to a conservative dress code imposed by armed groups, but that they were also subjected to body searches. Participants also stated that the prerequisites for reintegration and reconciliation have not been met. For them, the conditions would need to include the presence of the army; the return of displaced persons; an end to gender-based violence by armed groups; compensation of victims by the State; and an effective return of the government administration throughout the entire commune.

The forum in Agouni was held June 28 -30. The youth who were represented in forums noted that they expected reconciliation and reintegration to provide opportunities for employment, education, and a “peaceful life”. They added that they believe they are easy targets for armed groups until reconciliation and reintegration measures are in place. Cultural barriers and shame prevent young women from denouncing the acts of violence to which they fall victim regularly, and which they note is an obstacle to reconciliation.

In Ber, the reintegration and reconciliation forums were held June 28-30. Participants defined a process where combatants reintegrated into society and armed groups put down their weapons and stopped using violence. Participants shared that they found it useful to understand how to design peace and reconciliation initiatives in order to promote coexistence and social cohesion. However, one woman stressed the importance of external partner assistance and key actors’ commitment in order to achieve peace and reconciliation.

As a follow-up to the February 2019 meeting on the return of displaced persons, CEC members paired up and began a tour on May 18 of Soumouni, Kama, Komara, Tinema, Touara, and Macina8 to obtain community perspectives on reconciliation and reintegration. However, CEC members were unable to complete the tour in Komara, which was the last stop due to the presence of armed groups. The members went, instead, to the village of Merou, which is known for hosting Peulhs during the transhumance period. In the villages, communities consider reconciliation and reintegration as a return to normal life where everyone accepts each other regardless of their ethnicity or origin. A Malian cannot be a foreigner in Mali, so the Peulhs are not foreigners in the

8 These villages have the highest numbers of Peuhls who were forced to flee due to inter-community violence.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 13 community was a strong sentiment that was expressed. Similarly, the communities feel that people who have been seen collaborating with, and thus supporting armed groups cannot return.

In Bandiagara, communities believe reconciliation and reintegration are only possible if there is a minimum of security. Given frequent attacks by armed groups, participants stated they no longer trust authorities or feel that the State can secure people and their property. Further, communities believe Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) must be addressed to fight the proliferation of weapons. Other issues raised were the theft of livestock and ethnic stigmatization. Participants pledged that once the prerequisite of security is a reality, they will lead the task of sensitizing the broader community to promote peace, social cohesion, coexistence, and forgiveness.

From June 28-29, participants in Ouenkoro underscored the fragility of the commune because of the location on the border with Burkina Faso where armed groups move easily and with impunity between the two countries. Additionally, the stigmatization of this predominantly Peulh community was a key obstacle to reconciliation because other ethnic groups consider them as members of extremist groups. The last forum of the quarter was held in Niono between June 29-30. The community conflicts between farmers and herders emerged as the main obstacle to reconciliation and reintegration.

Given the wide range of views, participants in the forums in Dire, Goundam and Soboundou recommended the establishment of a six-member follow-up committee in each commune to lead further discussion. Members of the committee will include religious, youth and women leaders.

Combined, participants at the forums discussed above identified the following obstacles to reintegration and reconciliation that aligned with the four grievances identified in the Fragility and Resilience Assessment Methodology and Integrated Conflict Assessment intersectoral analysis:

• Competition for/poor management of natural resources; • Weak governance (impunity, poverty, corruption); • The non-involvement of communities in the decision-making processes); • The breakdown of social cohesion (mistrust and lack of communication between communities; stigmatization of the Peulhs, which has reinforced inter-community conflicts; fear of expressing oneself); • Heightened insecurity (terrorist attacks, circulation of small arms and light weapons, kidnapping and cattle abduction); • Lack of access to basic social services, local investment for development, and, cultural interaction; • Food insecurity; • Slow implementation of the peace agreement, specifically the Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration (DDR) process, including lack of support to and stigmatization of ex-combatants and victims.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 14

Participants at the forums made the following recommendations to address reintegration and reconciliation that can be clustered as follows:

Implement the Algiers Peace Agreement • Disseminate the Peace Agreement through local radios; • Identify and pay damages to victims and punish those responsible for abuses against the communities; • Accelerate the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration process/ create a special DDR site for the Bandiagara Cercle; • Ensure the return of the administration throughout the entire commune; • Provide security for people and their property, including through the establishment of military bases. Empower youth and women economically • Create income-generating opportunities for youth and women; • Establish a campaign one weapon against one income generating to encourage members of armed groups, especially youth, to lay down their arms.

Strengthen community resilience • Expand training and forums on peace and reconciliation to other locations, and ahead of the upcoming rainy season so that the communities can peacefully till the land; • Organize a broad consultation between community, religious, customary, administrative and political leaders; • Regulate preaching to promote moderate voices throughout the commune; • Adherence to local laws and conventions on the exploitation of natural resources; • Organize exchanges and community outreach activities to restore trust and promote peace between communities; • Engage/Intensify dialogue between religious leaders and armed groups.

Promote coexistence between host communities and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) • Support the effective return of refugees and displaced persons; • Facilitate the signature of non-aggression agreements between returnees and the resident communities; • Facilitate the return and integration of IDPs into the social and economic activities of host communities; • Signature of a memorandum of understanding between the IDPs and the community members which will define the conditions under which they will coexist and respect for the customs of host communities; • Organization of an exchange forum between IDPs and community leaders in the presence of administrative authorities; • Request humanitarian actors to close camps and facilitate displaced members and refugees to return to the commune.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 15

Mali PSR continued documenting opportunities for and challenges to reconciliation and reintegration in order to assist communes to develop a grievance response plan based on the specific local recommendations from each forum. The program will continue to partner with communes to design activities, including grants to support the resolution of local grievances.

TESTIMONIALS FROM PARTICIPANTS ON THE FORUMS ON REINTEGRATON AND RECONCILIATION

“Reconciliation is a very broad process. It applies to everyone and not only to those who have directly suffered and to those who have inflicted suffering. Attitudes must be dealt with at the local level. However, coexistence and social cohesion must go hand in hand with the resumption of basic communication. Political and community leaders, NGOs and religious institutions must promote such communication. Local decisionmakers have a responsibility to ensure minimal physical security,” stated Alpha Oumar Maiga, a Timbuktu participant.

According to the village chief of Soumouni, “We have lived together for decades. There is no longer any reason not to accept them. They are foreigners in the displaced areas. This is their home. We hope that as soon as they return, we will start on a new basis in order to preserve coexistence.”

In Kama, the village chief testified to the role each person plays in development, “The Peuhls take care of the cattle, something that no one else can do.”

We are in favor of reconciliation and reintegration subject to forgiveness. “But people who have been seen collaborating with jihadists can no longer return. One cannot forget his enemy in cohabitation. As for reintegration, it translates to coexistence. Communities that have lived together for generations will gain nothing in conflicts because the displaced persons will have no better home,” said another village chief.

An advisor to the village chief Macina, Diarra testified, “The crisis has hit the town in all its diversity. It was not only the displaced people, particularly the Peuhls, who suffered, but it was everyone. However, the authorities must take responsibility for securing those who have remained and those who want to return, because we do not trust each other. All things considered, the Bozos, the Peulhs, the Bambaras and the other ethnic groups need each other.”

“I think we must learn to resolve our differences with the help of traditional leaders and avoid resorting to the judicial authorities. This has been the source of many conflicts. We must also decide to support those who want to return because they are our brothers. I am particularly happy that this meeting allowed us to express our concerns and that our voices are heard,” stated Mariam Diallo, a young woman leader of the Communal Youth Council.

Fatim Traore, a woman leader stated, “On behalf of the youth, I am happy with this process that Mali PSR started. Without a framework for exchange, we cannot overcome our difficulties. Let

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 16 us think about reintegration. I hope that concrete actions will be taken to relieve the communities.”

Agouni CEC President, Moulay Alkalifa Ould Moulaye stated, “Without reconciliation and reintegration one does not live in this commune, one survives. We are sad to observe the precarious life of our communities. We have the impression that the State has forgotten us. Yet we unanimously agree that peace is not possible without effective reconciliation and reintegration.”

V. OBJECTIVE 2: INCLUSIVE GOVERNANCE AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT STRENGTHENED IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES

Support to the PDESC Development Process In collaboration with the Regional Development Agency (ADR), Mali PSR officially kicked off the process of developing inclusive and participatory Programme de Développement Economique, Social et Culturel (PDSEC). The Regional Development Agencies are mandated by law to lead the development of PDSECs. The ADRs have generally relied upon foreign donors to finance consultants to write the PDSECs without community input or participation. The inclusion of commune citizens and CEC members through Mali PSR direct support, is an innovation aimed at promoting inclusive governance. With this goal, during the quarter, the ADRs began local planning for nine communes in the region of Segou with the mayors of the communes of Mopti, Ouenkoro, Ségou, Niono, Diabaly and Pelengana; the representatives of the mayors from Segué, Matomo and Youwarou; representatives of the Regional Directorate of Statistics in Applied Informatics Planning, and technical staff from the USAID-funded Sub-National Governance Program (SNGP).

On May 29, the local planning process was launched through training led by staff from the ADRs and the Mali PSR Governance Technical Lead. Mali PSR’s Community Coordinators and the Regional Program Managers were trained on the development of a PDESC with an emphasis on mobilizing community members and civil society representatives. The training was replicated on June 2 in Ségou and covered the following topics:

• Ensure future PDESCs take into account the needs of communities, including climate change, food security, conflict prevention and management, reproductive health. the fight against VE, and gender. • The improvement of local governance in the management of public affairs by inviting and motivating CSOs to greater commitment and oversight. • The new approach and complementary role of the ADR-PCP-SNGP which results in less use of consultants in drafting the PDSECs. • Enhanced understanding the PDSEC process for all community members. • The mechanism for managing, coordinating and monitoring the activities of the PDSEC elaboration process. • Strengthening the capacity of civil society actors in local planning. • The methodology for the PDSEC drafting. • The PDSEC development timeline.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 17

In order to adhere to the approved official methodology prescribed in the national guide for local development planning, 15 facilitators, five from each commune in Niono, Diabaly and Matomo were trained on the PDSEC analysis process, data collection tools and facilitation techniques from June 20-23. The training of the 15 facilitators that included CEC and community members was the first step in building the capacity of communes to imbibe local inclusive planning rather than for communities to rely on external consultants who are unfamiliar with the issues within the community.

Assessing next steps for data collection, participants proposed that because of insecurity, the risk of COVID-19, and the start of rainy season, the Youwarou, Segué and Ouenkoro workshops be relocated to the town of Mopti. Similarly, the Matomo and Diabaly workshops were proposed for relocation to Macina and Niono, respectively. Because of the relocation which takes the process outside of the commune, CEC and Village Development Committee members, communes will designate civil society and community-based organizations representatives to participate in the preparatory and data collection phases. In the Mopti, Ségou, Niono, and Pelengana communes, the workshops will be held in situ as planned. Initial data collection is anticipated in both Segou and Mopti regions for the week of August 6. The findings will be presented in each commune, security permitting.

Preparations for the PDESC process in the North has moved slowly due to coordination challenges between the Regional Development Agencies for Gao, Menaka, Kidal, Taoudenit, and Timbuctou9 .At the close of the quarter, the ADRs and the program had agreed upon a budget; and, the proposed implementation schedule was under review.

At the conclusion of each phase of the PDESC development, Mali PSR will issue a report on challenges, solutions, recommendations, and next steps.

Grants to Facilitate Citizen Inclusion To further support citizen participation in local planning, Mali PSR awarded a grant to Derhane, a woman-led national organization to develop and diffuse an online vlog campaign encouraging people with disabilities to participate in the PDSEC process. The program also issued two additional grants for slam and radio public education campaigns that complemented the program’s direct support for citizen participation in local planning. A Dehrane vlog on the PDSEC process

A full list of program activities and targets reached is included as Annex I.

9 The Directors of the Regional Development Agencies in the north designated the Gao Director to lead coordination and to serve as the interlocuter with the project.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 18

VI. OBJECTIVE 3: EMPOWERING YOUTH AND BUILDING THEIR RESILIENCE TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM

A key activity achieved during the quarter was the presentation of findings for the youth assets mapping that took place the previous quarter. A key activity achieved during the quarter was the presentation of findings for the youth assets mapping to elected officials of Kidal, Bourem, Koro, Bandiagara and Douentza. In both Koro and Bandiagara, the officials found that activities selected by the youth were aligned with the activities included in the commune's PDESC. Participants attending the presentation made the following recommendations: Train the selected ten (10) youth in project management; Monitor and support the implementation of projects; Provide funding to the projects within a short time. In Douentza, Bourem and Kidal, livelihood activities selected by the ten (10) young people in each commune included pastry making, small trade, animal husbandry, catering, carpentry, market gardening, crafts, sewing, fish farming, second-hand goods and computer equipment trade. At the end of the presentation, in Kidal, the Mayor, Arbakane Ag Abzyack, stated, “Some of the proposed activities are included in the current PDESC. We will take into account the other findings of the youth assets mapping in the next development/revision of the PDESC scheduled for 2021. The main thing is to ensure the implementation of the proposed activities by the youth. Grants to youth will provide an opportunity to address the threats such as radicalization and banditry that young people face today.”

During the quarter, another mapping exercise was done of existing cooperatives in the communes was done in order to engage the private sector to engage more holistically in developing market-based approaches to address youth livelihoods through training-to-work transition support for youth.

Youth Advocacy Training During the reporting period, advocacy training aimed at strengthening the capacity of youth organizations to promote the rights of and expanded the agency of youth was conducted in Markala and Macina. A total of 41people including two (2) young women and 39 young men were trained on concepts and techniques to influence decision-makers. Through an interactive process using training modules developed by Mali PSR, participants were provided with practical examples of how to advocate for inclusion in the distribution of the Office du Niger10 irrigation schemes. A draft advocacy plan for Macina is included as Annex VII.

TESTIMONIALS FROM THE YOUTH ADVOCACY TRAINING

The Mayor in Markala stated: “There are no young people among the 29 members of the Communal Council. This is a crisis of shared responsibility. I have no doubt that these three days of training in advocacy techniques will allow young people to acquire advocacy skills in local development, including their participation in the development of the Plan de Developpement Economique, Social et Culturel. If it is true that youth represent the future, then the future must be discussed with the effective involvement of youth. Obviously, they are best placed to claim

10 The Office du Niger is a semi-autonomous government agency in Segou, responsible for building irrigation systems and for recruiting and settling farm families in the regon.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 19 their rights. I hope that the knowledge acquired will also be shared with their peers to address young people's grievances in communal development.”

Markala participant Dephine Ki shared his experience from the training and stated: “This training will strengthen our communication capacity to assess and discuss the problems and solutions that affect us. This is the change we are expecting.”

Mohamed Tahirou Traoré, a young participant in Markala, attested, "This training has allowed us to learn the meaning and the mechanisms for claiming our rights. In the future, we are now well- equipped to identify our problems, discuss them and claim all our rights without violence before the communal and administrative authorities.”

Addressing Violent Extremism

Under the program’s efforts to engage community institutions to strengthen youth resilience to violent extremism, CEC members, the School Management Committee (SMC), the parents’ association, elected officials, teachers, students, representatives of women’s associations, CAFO, the Commune Youth Council, and the Centre d'Animation Pédagogique11in Bankass, Mopti, Djenne, Konna and Tongue came together during a community dialogue to share their experience in addressing violent extremism. The meetings, facilitated by the Community Coordinator and CEC members, brought together 39 participants, including nine (9) women and four (4) youth. The main objective was to provide a safe space for teachers and other community actors trained on preventing violent extremism to partner with parents to identify behavioral changes in young people that suggests radicalization. During the meeting in Konna on May 12 for example, participants identified warning signs that signaled for them, youth’s leaning toward extremist behavior. These signs include such things as: “dubious” associations, self-confinement, lack of supervision of youth and the absence of dialogue between children and their parents. In Bankass, the teachers committed to raise awareness among students in formal schools and medersas12. Women and youth pledged to share the outcome of the meetings in the grins13 and tontines14. Participants in Mopti and Djenne respectively on June 27 and 30, recommended increased dialogue between the SMC and the Association des Élèves et Étudiants du Mali.

The SMC president from Konna testified, “Through this meeting, we’ve learned that partners really want to help us. The crisis has meant that young people have lost their bearings. To deal with the problem, we need to build everyone's capacity. This is what Mali PSR has just started.”

Participants of the violent extremism teacher-parent community dialogue meetings in Bankass, Mopti, and Djenne made the following recommendations: • Inform and sensitize communities on the threats of violent extremism.

11 The Centre d'Animation Pédagogique oversees public school structures. 12 Places of worship and religious instruction. 13 Grins are circles of friends - mostly men – who meet regularly to talk and drink green tea. They usually drink tea from the same glass as a solidarity ritual between members. 14 Tontines are mostly women of the same age group who contribute a set amount of money every month to a common “pot,” that is allocated to a different member each month. They drink tea or soft drink from the same glass and talk during regularly scheduled meetings where money is paid and shared out according to a set schedule.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 20

• Initiate activities that can promote forgiveness between communities. • Initiate cultural activities to encourage the communities to value the customs of their commune. • Support local initiatives for youth employment. • Establish dialogue between the youth and traditional and administrative authorities. • Sensitize youth and their families to value the customs of their commune. • Strengthen youth education within the family as well as in school to avoid bad behavior. • Create opportunities for youth to avoid idleness and risk of enrolment. • Implement awareness-raising activities with Mali PSR support. • Broadcast awareness messages to community leaders. Following this meeting, Mali PSR began to integrate into its interventions activities that address the community recommendations. The recommendations will also serve as an avenue for providing information for the Peace Lab initiative that is designed to capture lessons learned in preventing and countering violent extremism. Activating Mali PSR’s COVID-19 Rapid Response Plan Within 30 days of the first outbreak of the Coronavirus in country, Mali PSR submitted a proposal to address and respond to awareness needs of the pandemic. Mali PSR obtained approval from USAID to implement a rapid response pivoting existing activities in the Year 2 work plan to activate immediate awareness and response activities. Under the Mali PSR rapid response plan, activities ranged from launching a Communications Campaign called: Understand to Withstand COVID-19; to donations of handwashing stations with liquid soaps and gels; distribution of masks; E-grins and E-tontines; peer-to-peer messaging; and countering disinformation by commune officials and youth.

Launching the COVID-19 Public Health Communications Campaign: Countering Disinformation. Mali PSR partnered with COVID-19 commune focal points, health workers and local radio stations to spread general awareness about COVID-19 counter disinformation being spread about the virus and efforts to promote knowledge and understanding about the pandemic in ten (10) communes15. Live radio call-in shows were sponsored in an effort to provide accurate information in local languages on the symptoms, modes of transmission, the need to respect social distancing as a preventative measure to mitigate the spread of the virus and where listeners can find available masks. The call in shows also provided information on where citizens can go for screening and/or to isolation sites should they contract the virus. Radio was the chosen medium to begin the communications campaign because it reaches a large portion of the population, it reaches both literate and less literate community members, and is a reliable mechanism for conveying accurate COVID-19 messages. TESTIMONIALS

“At the first suspicious signs, I confined myself without any outside influence. I stop going to the mosque and avoid attending social events such as weddings. I informed and limited interaction with my family, and, received care from my doctor at home. After I was officially diagnosed of

15 Youwarou, Soboundou, Ansongo, Bourem, Tessit, Menaka, Goundam, Soni Ali Ber, Timbuktu and Bamba.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 21

COVID-19, my physician transferred me to the treatment center, where I was consulted three times a day. The doctor also monitored whether I was taking my medication correctly. However, no one took care of my family. I feel also stigmatized because I have found that people don't want to come close to me. As health experts have not yet revealed the immunity of a person who has had the disease before, I continue to respect all the protective measures to avoid contracting this nasty disease again,” testified Haradane Toure, a COVID -19 cured patient.

Mali PSR’s Understand to Withstand Communications Campaign

#MaliYouth2Youth. Under the rapid response Mali PSR is awarding small grants to youth to develop and disseminate COVID-19 early warning messages to their peers on blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. Youth bloggers, who are working in alignment with the OneHealth Platform16 include CEC youth members, Voices4Peace Tech Camp graduates, Community Empowerment Project jeunes collecteurs de données, and Young African Leaders Initiative alumni. During the quarter 25 small grants totaling approximately $15,356 were awarded under the #MaliYouth2Youth COVID-19 early warning campaign.

Peer-to-peer Messaging. In eight17 communes, the program’s Community Coordinators worked with members of the local CEC’, the Local Youth Councils (CCJ), CAFO, the Traditional Communicator Network (RECOTRADE), religious leaders, elected officials, community actors, and administrative authorities to identify peer messengers who have influence with targeted unique identity groups18. Each peer-messenger delivered two-minute messages which were recorded and broadcast in Bambara, Peulh, Dogosso, Sonrai, and Tamasheq.

Slam Poetry. Innovative Slam Poetry was rolled out as a critical element of the COVID-19 Communications Campaign. The Slam help to reach a critical mass of Mali’s large youth population. Produced under a Mali PSR grant, the popular poet, Sacca Rose, developed a slam19 that was posted and on the U.S. Embassy and USAID websites. The Slam was also aired on community radios in Mali PSR target communes. The Slam, messaging about the need to take preventative measures against COVID-19 received appreciative feedback from listeners and viewers. The PoëKan poetry was also developed in Bamanakan, Peulh, Sonrai and Tamashek. Following discussions with Breakthrough Action, in Year 3 Mali PSR will support PoëKan poetry in Peuhl and Tamashek.

E-Grins and E-Tontines. In order to demonstrate that cherished social rituals can be maintained safely during COVID-19, Mali PSR facilitated online social media interactions between the members of three (3) grins and of two (2) tontines using Duo and WhatsApp in Soboundou (June12-14); Timbuktu (June 14), Djenné (June 17), and Markala (June 20-22). During these online conversations, 15 young men and 20 young women, while staying at home, discussed COVID-19 preventive measures. Normally, the preparation of the tea and drinking from a communal glass

16 The OneHealth Platform is the combined government and donor partner initiative to address COVID-19 in Mali. 17 Timbuktu, Segue, Tenenkou, Koro, Youwarou, Segou, Matomo and Niono. 18 The six identity groups are: adult men/women; young men/women; elected officials and religious leaders. 19 https://www.facebook.com/113932096655967/videos/261157788357294/

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 22 is part of the solidarity ritual of grins and tontines. In Markala, poor internet connection and the incompatibility of some phones with the Duo app made it difficult for all participants to be online at the same time. In Soboundou, peers assisted each other to use Duo for the first time. The two female presidents of the tontines appreciated being the first recipients to use the concept of E- tontine and called on others to do the same. Amssetou Sidibé, president of the Saramaya women's tontine in Markala testified, “Thanks to Duo and WhatsApp, we were able to hold our tontine at a distance. Everyone stayed home, drank tea while participating in our regular social gathering. People paid their membership fees using Orange mobile payment. We were even able to agree on the name of the next beneficiary of the fees. It is very practical during this period of COVID- 19. I invite other women to use this approach.”

Support to Local Commune Officials

Handwashing stations and Personal Protective Equipment Mali PSR provided 83 handwashing stations, 167 hydroalcoholic gels, 840 bars of soap, 115 bottles of liquid soap, 1,400 masks and 1,000 pairs of gloves in public places such as markets, mosques, churches, and bus stations in sixteen communes20. In most communes, members of the CEC, local authorities, COVID-19 Focal Points and or health workers provided a demonstration during the donation ceremony on the correct way to clean hands and maintain the handwashing stations. In other communes, the town crier drew attention to the demonstration and the distribution of hygiene kits by conveying messages on protective measures and compliance with the advice of health experts. A full list of donated handwashing An administrative official using one of the stations and personal protective equipment is included as Annex handwashing stations donated by PSR. II.

TESTIMONIALS OF PARTICIPANTS AT THE DONATION CEREMONY The head physician of the health center explained in Tenenkou, “The disease is real and is spreading, rapidly. Only barrier measures can prevent it. Our concern is to save lives even in public places. This donation will effectively serve to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in public places.”

According to a woman leader, “We have been wanting to fight the COVID-19 for three months. Unfortunately, our means are limited. The reliability on partners has become increasingly rare because of insecurity. Today we received these stations from Mali PSR. It is a great relief.”

In Tessit, during the weekly market where there are traders from Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, the town crier during the distribution in the market sang out, “Washing our hands regularly

20 Mopti, Konna, Bandiagara, Markala, Agouni, Soboundou, Bourem Inaly, Djenne, Douentza, Soni Ali Ber, Bankass, Kidal, Tessalit, Timbuktu, and Dire.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 23 with soap, respecting social distances, wearing a mask are gestures that will save us. So, let us protect ourselves, our families, and our loved ones.”

The village chief of Touwal, Mr Sidna Ali Ould Baba Ahmed, stated, “Every day we hear that the Timbuktu regional hospital is full of people infected by COVID-19. Our traders cannot therefore travel to this region to buy supplies. So please understand all my satisfaction to welcome the first project that has donated handwashing stations and conducted sensitization sessions.”

Hamadoun Dicko, the Mayor of Youwarou commune opined, “At the beginning of the pandemic, many people did not believe this disease existed. But, after the first cases of COVID- 19, people started to wear masks.”

In Ansongo, the Mayor stated, “During difficult situations, people recognize their friends. Mali PSR continued to give assistance to our commune to promote peace, social cohesion, and health. We thank USAID for funding this project.”

The Ouattagouna Sub-prefect stated, “It is certain that these handwashing stations will be useful for our commune. I would like to point out that these are the first ones received by our commune. We sincerely thank USAID and Mali PSR.”

A woman who received a mask added, “I thought that my [dark] skin would protect me from the disease. Now, I know that anyone can catch this disease. Thank you for the awareness and with the mask I protect myself and my family.”

Strengthening health services During the quarter, the program team convened a meeting with the regional Ministries of Health, COVID-19 focal points and/or Directors of Regional Health Delegations in Timbuktu, Mopti, Menaka and Gao to provide a briefing about Mali PSR’s Rapid Response activities. During the meeting, discussions focused on the proposed Strengthening Social Services activities and specifically how the program can obtain leadership, buy-in, and alignment with Mali’s One Health Platform. The main objective in strengthening social services activities is to support the non- health related capacity of community health workers and civil society organizations to address the mitigation efforts and impact of COVID-19. Timbuktu Mini-Response Plan In response to a soaring number of COVID-19 COVID-19 Insight cases in Timbuktu, USAID approved a plan for the When asked why he wears a mask, a 10-year-old region on June 4 for Mali PSR to partner with the beggar in Savare responded: I wear the mask in town Ministry of Social Affairs to identify needs and but hide it when I return home for fear of being targeted interventions for local leaders to flogged for showing the difference with the other respond to COVID-19. Mali PSR activated the Talibés. The story of this Talibé illustrates the following activities aimed at providing support to social challenges of COVID-19 prevention in Mali. local commune officials. Activities included: a radio roundtable to provide accurate information *Talibé is a boy who studies the Quran and begs. in local languages; training of 55 community

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 24 members on COVID-19; and the deployment door-to-door of newly trained community members to educate residents on how to protect themselves against the Coronavirus.

Launching the Crisis Modifier On May 19, 2020, Mali PSR submitted a proposal to activate the program’s Crisis Modifier to address the immediate impact and second order effects of COVID-19 in Mali. On June 2, 2020 Mali PSR received approval to expand its programming to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in the 46 intervention communes in the North and Center, in the district of Bamako, and the regions of Kayes, Koulikoro, and Sikasso in the south of the country. Under the Crisis Modifier, Mali PSR added a 4th Objective: Impact of COVID-19 and the associated second order effects on Malian communities mitigated.

During the quarter, the following activities were undertaken to launch activities under the Crisis modifier: • Conducted a desk review mapping of USAID’s Democracy and Governance implementing partners and their local grantees as possible recipients for expanded COVID-19 programming in the south of the country. • Awarded a grant to a youth coalition for COVID-19 messaging to young people in Sikasso. • Awarded a grant for COVID-19 messaging in Internally Displaced Persons camps in Bamako. • Issued solicitations for the Crisis Modifier baseline surveys and developed the draft survey questions.

As part of its enlarged scope of work under the Crisis Modifier, Mali PSR was designated to lead the COVID-19 Secondary Effects Working Group which brings together all government agencies and donor partners to discuss coordination of COVID-19 programs and to identify priority areas of need.

VII. MONITORING AND EVALUATION In addition to the regular monitoring of planned Year 2 activities, the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Manager travelled to Mopti to supervise the newly hired field-based M&E Officer and support quality data collection for the first activities under the program’s COVID-19 rapid response. These activities included peer-to-peer messaging on Radio Saghan in Mopti, followed by the hand washing stations demonstrations by CEC members and local authorities in Sevare from May 6 to 10. Additionally, on May 7 and 8, Mali’s Government Coronavirus Focal Point, Dr. Dramane Samake, of the Sominé Dolo A taping of Radio Jamana broadcast Hospital in Mopti, was the guest of Baroni, a very popular program of Radio Jamana, which is

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 25 broadcast daily between 8 am and 12 noon in COVID-19 Insight Bamanakan. During the broadcast, Dr. Samake discussed the importance of protective “The hardest part will be to convince people to measures and the dangerous skepticism that adopt these behaviors which are contrary to the questioned the very existence of COVID-19. daily life of our communities. These preventive This call-in program provided space to air peer- measures, as valuable as they may be, are difficult to-peer messages and most importantly, it for nomadic groups, who are very social. Thus, we provided the opportunity to deliver accurate will need support to help us convince them.” Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Cheiyak, CEC president facts about the virus, information about the and vice-president of the communal authorities of various symptoms of the virus, what were Touwal. minimal protective measures and gestures, and the importance of social distancing. Dr. Samakeof the also communal de-bunked authorities popular of Touwal. social media disinformation that high temperatures in Africa prevents COVID-19 Insight. To ensure diversity in messaging, messengers were representative of a When number asked of whypeer he groups,wears a mask, and, apeer 10-year-to-oldpeer messages were accurate based on scientific facts andbeggar guidance in Savare provided responded, from “I wear the theOneHealth mask in Platform. A full list of radio programs is included as townAnnex but III. hide it when I return home for fear of being flogged for showing the difference with the other Talibés.” The story of this Talibé illustrates Crisis Modifier Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan the social challenges of COVID-19 prevention in Mali PSR’s Crisis Modifier Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan was submitted during the Mali. quarter and approved by USAID on June 24. *Talibé is a boy who studies the Quran and

begs. Following the approval of the Crisis Modifier, Mali PSR issued solicitations for two baseline studies: one for a face-to-face survey in the 46 program intervention communes in the north and center regions; the other for a telephone survey in the newly added regions of Kayes, Koulikoro, Sikasso and the district of Bamako. The surveys will establish baseline measures for key performance indicators and examine citizens’ perceptions of various issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and to governance, conflict, and civic engagement. Surveys topics will include:

• Awareness of COVID-19 and ability to identify misinformation • Practice of protective measures and access to handwashing/ masks • Effect of COVID-19 on livelihoods, economic situation, and gender issues • Trust in local government, community leaders, and other key actors on COVID-19 response • Exposure to COVID-19 messaging and use of media and social media • Participation in Mali PSR activities and awareness of Mali PSR, Creative, USAID, and Mali PSR partners • Prevalence of commune conflict and opinions on conflict management in commune • Perceptions of inter-ethnic relations • Perceptions of local leadership, service delivery, and civic engagement • Opinions of ex-combatants and acceptance of their reintegration • Perceptions of violent extremism and rejection of violent extremist rhetoric

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 26

As follow up to the 2019 Data Quality Assessment and short-term technical assistance from Creative’s Washington-based Associate Director for Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning during Quarter 2, the following performance indicators were modified to align with USAID’s definitions:

• Number of new groups or initiatives created through USG funding, dedicated to resolving the conflict or the drivers of the conflict (Output, Standard USG PS.6.2-1) • Number of USG-supported events, trainings, or activities designed to build support for peace or reconciliation among key actors to the conflict (Output, Standard USG PS.6.2-3) • Number of USG-funded events, trainings, or activities designed to build support for peace or reconciliation on a mass scale (Output, Standard USG PS.6.2-2) • Number of people participating in USG-supported events, trainings, or activities designed to build mass support for peace and reconciliation (Output, Standard USG PS.6.2-4) • Number of local women participating in a substantive role or position in a peacebuilding process supported with USG assistance (Output, Standard USG GNDR-10) • Number of adjusted PDSECs or new PDSEC elaborations that address findings from FRAMe® analysis (Outcome, Custom) • Number of individuals receiving civic education through USG-assisted programs (Output, Standard USG DR.3.2-5) • Number of youths at risk of violence trained in social or leadership skills through USG assisted programs (YOUTH-1)

At Mali PSR’s request, USAID approved the removal of the following indicators that no longer align with the current context of the program: • Number of peace-building structures established or strengthened with USG assistance that engage conflict-affected citizens in peace and/or reconciliation process (Output, USAID Mali PMP) • Number of ex-combatants who receive support and resources from CSO grantees (Output, Custom)

This quarter’s Performance Indicator Tracking Table is attached as Annex VIII.

VIII. GRANTS Grants remained a critical component of Mali PSR programming to supplement activities that are implemented directly by the program. Grants to civil society organizations and community- based associations enabled Mali PSR to begin assisting communes to carry out recommendations issued by community members who participated in direct activities. For example, grants to the Groupe de Réflexion et d'Actions Patriotiques pour le Développement and the Orchestre Kanaga de Mopti sought to facilitate dialogue mechanisms between youth and their communities while providing opportunities for young people to lead civic engagement activities. Muso Ni Baara’s grant enabled the organization to bring together village chiefs, religious leaders, youth and women leaders to develop conflict prevention and mitigation strategies in the 28 villages of Segou. Association Sahel Espoir used its grant to carry out key recommendations from farmer-herder dialogues to disseminate accurate information on the Pastoral Charter and the Agricultural Orientation Law in local languages on community radio stations, and, identify resources for resolving land disputes in the commune. In order to accompany Mali PSR direct

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 27 support for citizen input and participation in the PDSEC process, Derhane is implementing an online vlog targeting citizens with disabilities.

By the end of the quarter, USAID had approved fifty (50) grants for a total value of $305,925. Of the grants approved, Mali PSR awarded forty-one (41) grants in the amount of $273,198. Nine organizations preferred to delay the start of implementation until quarter 4. These nine (9) grants total value $32,727. A list of the grants approved during the quarter are included as Annex V. IX. OPERATIONS At the onset the COVID-19 pandemic in March, Mali PSR immediately pivoted its operations to adhere to the mandated, protective health measures issued by the Government of Mali on March 18, 2020. Measures included: • The suspension of commercial flights from the countries concerned, except for cargo flights • The closure of public, private, and religious schools; • The suspension of all public gatherings, including workshops, symposia, seminars, meetings in excess of 50 people; • The banning of social activities including sports, cultural and political events until further notice. As a result of these government directives and the desire to minimize exposure to the program team, Mali PSR staff were authorized to work from home until further notice, effective March 23, 2020.

To support the telework stipulation, the following measures were put into place: • Provision of additional telephone credit for staff to access the internet. • Full staff access to all of Creative's communication technologies, including, but not limited to, Zoom and Microsoft Teams. • Relocation of desktop computers in homes to facilitate teleworking. • Limiting to 10 the number of individuals present when office work is required. • Equipping all co-located offices with hydroalcoholic gel. The main office in Bamako was provided with hand cleaning equipment, masks, and gloves; • Reducing the number of participants per activity, requiring implementation over multiple days in order to respect social distancing measures in force. • Including the cost of handwashing stations, gloves, and masks for all Mali PSR directly implemented face to face activities; • The revision of grants agreements to incorporate the purchase of masks, gloves, and handwashing stations in budgets. • Limit the number of individuals to three (3) in program vehicles, requiring car rental when four or more staff have to travel. • Disinfection of vehicles after each usage.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 28

Despite the requisite adjustments in general operations caused by COVID-19, Mali PSR commenced recruitment of the following approved positions under the approved Crisis Modifier: • COVID-19 Director (Bamako) • Grants Assistant (Bamako) • Finance Assistant (Bamako) • Driver (Bamako) • Grant Development Officer (Bamako) • Grant Development Officer (Tombouctou) • Grant Development Officer (Mopti) • Senior M&E Manager (Bamako) • Finance Administrator (Bamako) • Health Communications Specialist (Bamako) • Grant Development Officer (Gao) • Community Outreach Coordinator (Bamako)

Doing No Harm To ensure that safety measures were followed in order to curb the spread of COVID-19, Mali PSR limited its face-to-face activities to approximately 30 participants each day. This meant that the program activities had to be implemented over several days. While staggering implementation in small groups allowed adherence to prevention directives, it was time consuming and increased the cost of venue rental, and facilitators/trainers. The need for handwashing stations, hydro- alcoholic gel, masks and gloves also added to increased costs for all Mali PSR directly implemented and grant-funded face-to-face activities.

XI. COORDINATION AND PARTNERSHIP Sequencing, Layering and Integration During the quarter, Sequencing, Layering and Integration examined through the findings of the intersectoral analysis and combined with the commune classification led to programmatic interventions that responded to communes’ sociopolitical context. In Bankass, Mopti, Konna, and Tongue, for example, where armed groups and self-defense militias are present, Mali PSR built on the newly-acquired skills of teachers trained on P/CVE to organize community dialogues to identify joint actions by teachers, parents, and other influential persons to address violent extremism. Participants at the dialogues made the following recommendations for joint actions:

• Inform and sensitize communities on the threats of violent extremism; • Initiate activities that can promote forgiveness between communities; • Initiate cultural activities to encourage the communities to value the customs of their commune; • Support local initiatives for youth employment; • Establish dialogue between the youth and traditional and administrative authorities; • Sensitize youth and their families to value the customs of their commune;

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 29

• Strengthen youth education within the family as well as in school to avoid bad behavior; • Create opportunities for youth to avoid idleness and risk of enrolment; • Implement awareness-raising activities.

Under its #MaliYouth2Youth activity, the program awarded grants to beneficiaries of other USAID implementing partners, namely Voices4Peace Tech Camp graduates and Civic Engagement Program Jeunes Collecteurs de Données; and Young African Leaders Initiative, leveraging on US Government past investment to engage youth in early warning and response on COVID-19.

As a follow-on to the initial discussions for integrating rights-based advocacy and access to justice programming during Quarter 2, Mali PSR disseminated the ICAF-FRAMe intersectoral findings to the local partners of Community Empowerment Program (CEP) and the Mali Justice Program. Conducting envisioned workshops for the local partners on the intersectoral findings was not possible during the reporting period due to pivoting under COVID-19. However, Mali PSR Technical Leads will provide online technical assistance when needed as the newly hired Grants Development Officers work with the local partners to develop grant activities which expand advocacy and access to justice initiatives

XI. LESSONS LEARNED Implementation of COVID-19 Response The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to explore alternative means for programming where face-to-face activities were not possible. Activities requiring more time for implementation and that were higher costs in order to adhere to COVID-19 guidance were put on hold and other activities were held with a reduced number of participants per event All in-person activities respected social distancing requirements and the program pivoted most of its efforts to address Women going door-to-door providing accurate information on COVID-19 information needs on COVID-19 through slam poetry, radio programs, and social media. These mediums were essential to disseminating rapid messages to Mali’s population rather than through face-to-face community meetings.

The program’s approach with placing youth, women and local leaders at the helm of Mali PSR’s COVID-19 response fostered a strong collaboration between these target groups. This approach also enabled local authorities to develop stronger relationships with their constituents and enhanced credibility in their communes. Youth and women’s agencies were enhanced through their leadership of COVID-19 messaging to their peers and by working with the commune leaders to conduct hand washing demonstrations. Youth and women have been and will remain at the forefront as avant-garde leaders for the program’s COVID-19 activities ranging from placing

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 30 handwashing stations in public places, distributing masks, going door-to-door to provide accurate information, and delivering accurate, reliable public health messages.

XII. SUCCESS STORIES See the attached Annex IX for this quarter’s success story.

XIII. KEY ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR NEXT QUARTER Quarter 4 of Year 2 of Mali PSR represents a pivoted integration of regular programming and accelerated Coronavirus (COVID-19) Rapid Response and Crisis Modifier implementation. Anchoring the transition are the following key activities envisioned for the last quarter of Year 2:

• Develop and pilot an Early Warning Early Response (EWER) strategy and identify the appropriate actors to interface with the system in select communes; • Disseminate the ICAF and FRAMe® intersectoral analysis to the local Community Empowerment Program (CEP) partners in the 10 communes where Mali PSR and CEP overlap. On-line meetings will be held in place of face-to-face to discuss the FRAMe® findings and to promote that findings be integrated into rights-based advocacy initiatives; • Contribute to joint efforts by USAID partners (CEP partners specifically), to support robust citizen participation in the development of the Plan de Developpement Social, Economic, et Culturel (PDSEC); • Train aspiring youth entrepreneurs in enterprise development training for start-up grants to facilitate their inclusion in COVID-19 messaging and response activities; • Develop a White Paper that analyzes how conflict and governance are being impacted by COVID-19 and its outlying impact on the GoM Stabilization, Development and Security Plans for the North and Center; • Launch a multi-pronged public information communications campaign through Moonshot that includes a disinformation tracking and the development of accurate messages on COVID-19 to counter dis and mis information.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 31

Annex I: Quarter 3 FY2020 Summary of Program Activities and Targets Reached

Activity Communes Number of Number of Number of Men Women Youth21 Conflict Prevention and Management Training Soni Ali Ber 19 7 4 Anderamboukane 22 3 5 Ansongo 19 4 7 Djenne 14 6 3 Tessit 19 7 4 Forum on reintegration and reconciliation Timbuktu 12 12 6 Dire 14 8 8 Goundam 20 5 5 Soboundou 16 7 7 Ber 17 13 5 Agouni 23 3 5 Macina 55 16 14 Niono 12 3 5 Bandiagara 20 3 2 Ouenkoro 11 6 5 Sharing experience on VE Konna 2 6 5 Tongue 18 4 2 Bankass 10 8 4 Djenne 13 5 2 Mopti 11 5 2 Youth advocacy training Markala 5 1 19 Macina 4 1 20

21 Youth include young men and women ages 18 – 29 years old.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 32

Annex II: List OF Mali PSR Health and Personal Protective Equipment Donations

# Communes Handwashing stations Gels Soap Masks Gloves (pairs)

Qty Locations Liquid Bar 1 Mopti 5 Health center (2); mosques (2); church. 8 8 0 70 900 2 Konna 5 Health center (2); mosques (2); Town Hall. 8 8 0 70 900 3 Bandiagara 5. Mosque; bus station; health center; Church; Town Hall. 10 10 0 60 0 4 Markala 3 Youth Center, the Maison de la femme; Town Hall. 3 3 0 25 0 5 Bankass 5 Bus station; health center; Town Hall; market; a medersa. 7 5 0 48 250 6 Djenné 5 Health center (2); mosques (2); Town Hall. 8 8 0 70 900 7 Douentza 5 Health center (2); mosques (2); church. 8 8 0 70 900 8 Tongué 4 Health center; Town Hall; Mosque; CEC 4 4 0 40 0 9 Macina 4 Health center; mosque; CEC; Town Hall 4 4 0 50 100 10 Matomo 5 Town Hall; Health center (2); CEC; school. 10 10 0 0 250 11 Ségué 5 CAFO; church; Town Hall; mosque; health center. 5 5 0 100 250 12 Niono 5 Mosque; CAFO; youth center; village chief; CEC. 10 10 0 0 250 13 Ouenkoro 5 CAFO; church; Town Hall; mosque; health center. 5 5 0 100 250 14 Tenenkou 5 Youth center; mosque (2); schools (2). 10 10 0 100 250 15 Youwarou 5 Mosque (2); Town Hall; school; health center. 10 10 0 100 250 16 Ségou 5 Mosque; school (2); market; Church. 10 10 0 100 0 17 Gao 5 Town Hall; Home of people with disability; youth center; 10 0 140 0 0 schools (2). 18 Kidal 5 Health Center; market; health posts of villages of Intadeyni, 10 0 96 0 0 Tadayite and Imagha. 19 Tessalit 5 Mosque; town entrance; markets (2); health center 10 0 96 10 0

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 33

20 Anefif 5 Health posts of Imboguitene, Taboraq, Teknewene, 24 30 0 0 0 Tindarane villages; Municipal Youth Council. 21 Ansongo 5 Town Hall; schools (2); bus station; market. 15 0 140 60 0 22 Menaka 5 Mosque; Town Hall; markets; school. 15 0 140 60 0 23 Tessit 5 Mosque; town entrance; market; health center; Town hall. 15 0 140 60 0

24 Bamba 5 Health Center; markets (2); Town Hall; Municipal Youth 15 0 140 60 0 Council. 25 Bourem 5 Mosque; Town Hall; health center; youth center; main 15 0 140 60 0 entrance.) 26 Soni Ali Ber 5 Town hall; health center; school; market; bus station. 15 0 140 60 0 27 Ouatgouna 5 Town Hall; health center (3); school. 15 0 140 60 0 28 Agouni 3 Mosque, health center; Koranic school.22 12 8 0 120 150 29 Bourem-Inaly 5 Mosque, market, youth center; maison de femmes; Town 5 5 0 120 150 Hall. 30 Soboundou 4 Mosque; prison; Prefect’s office; Town Hall. 8 8 0 120 150 31 Tombouctou 6 Mosques (2); markets (3). 100 30 0 120 150 32 Dire 4 Markets (2); bus station; boat station. 8 8 0 120 150 33 Achamour 3 Water point; meeting tent; Koranic school. 12 8 0 120 150 34 Goundam 6 Mosque; Haribanda roundabout; bus station; Amirou Hama 12 18 0 250 0 main road; markets (2). 35 Ber 4 Health Center; Town Hall; Mosque; Maison de femmes. 8 8 0 120 0 36 Touwal 3 Mosque; water point; Koranic school. 11 11 0 120 150 37 Tombouctou 10 Schools (5); association with people living with disability; 10 12 0 220 0 (the mini municipal stadium; Town Hall; maison de femmes; market. plan)

TOTAL 174 465 264 1312 2863 6500

22 Informal institutions which provide basic instruction in Islamic religion.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 34

Annex III: List of Radio Programs

Commune Duration in minutes Radio(s) Type of Program Goundam 90 Jimba, Hondou and Télé Roundtable Soboundou 120 Kololsoboundou and Issaber Roundtable

Timbuktu (mini 90 Jamana, Lafia and Bouctou Roundtable plan) Bourem-Inaly 90 Alafia Roundtable Timbuktu 12 Jamana Peer-to-Peer messaging

Soboundou 60 Issa Ber Roundtable Gao 90 Naata Roundtable Ansongo 60 Coton Roundtable Foghas, Naneye, Communautaire, Bourem 60 Roundtable Aadar and Humanitaire, Tessit 60 Adouf Roundtable

Menaka 60 Aadar Roundtable

Soni Ali Ber 90 Naata Roundtable

Bamba 60 Coton/Zan Zan Roundtable

Anefif 60 Azawad Roundtable

Kidal 60 Tisdas Roundtable

Tessalit 60 Tarawat Roundtable

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 35

Youwarou 30 Dounia and Dande Deboye Roundtable

Mopti 60 Jamana Roundtable

Badiangara 30 Kanda Roundtable

Bankass 60 Seno Roundtable

Koro 60 Horona Roundtable

Tenenkou 30 Beldeldo-Horé Roundtable

Diré 12 Bingha Peer-to-Peer messaging

Markala 12 Baidie Peer-to-Peer messaging

Matomo 12 Voix des Jeunes de Saye Peer-to-Peer messaging

Tongué 12 Nieta Peer-to-Peer messaging

Ségou 12 Balanzan Peer-to-Peer messaging

Macina 12 Radio Communautaire Peer-to-Peer messaging

Mopti 12 Sangha Peer-to-Peer messaging

Djenné 12 Jamana Peer-to-Peer messaging

Konna 12 Jiguissi Peer-to-Peer messaging

Youwarou 12 Dounia and Dande Deboye Peer-to-Peer messaging

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 36

Douentza 12 Dande Peer-to-Peer messaging

Tenenkou 12 Beldeldo-Horé Peer-to-Peer messaging

Badiangara 12 Kanda Peer-to-Peer messaging

Bankass 12 Seno Peer-to-Peer messaging

Koro 12 Horona Peer-to-Peer messaging

Segue 12 Seno Peer-to-Peer messaging

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 37

Annex IV: Mali PSR Commune Classification Score Score Status Status Region Cercle Commune 06/ Key events 03/2020 03/2020 06/2020 2020 • 22 security incidents linked to shootings, murder and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). • Some social services provided in town. • Presence of 200 IDPs from villages in the nearby communes. Mopti Bandiagara Bandiagara 14 Conflict 15 Buffer • Risk of famine due to attacks and intimidation on farmers. • Breakdown of social fabric between Dogon and Peulh ethnic groups. • Destruction of bridges slowed down the movement of people, activities of NGOs and provision of state technical services. • Cases of robberies, cattle theft and intimidation prevented farmers and traders from farming or going to the market. • Presence of armed groups. • Over 950 persons displaced towards the Mopti Bankass Bankass 17 Buffer 19 Buffer town of Bankass, the commune of Dougoutène 2 or Segou and Bamako. • Delivery of basic social services limited to the town of Bankass and some villages. • The functioning of the state authorities is intermittent. • Recurrent attacks from the Burkina Mopti Bankass Ouenkoro 14 Conflict 14 Conflict border.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 38

• Main roads occupied by the Dozos or armed groups. • A truck leaving for Bamako via the Burkinabe border was intercepted by the Burkinabe Dozos, who killed 12 Peuhls. • Basic social services difficult to deliver. • The state representatives who are not native of the commune have vacated. • Fear and mistrust among the communities. • Attack in the village of Ogotagama resulted in 11 deaths, missing persons, cattle abduction and property damage. Some IDPs moved to the village of Segue. • Intimidation in the villages of Digni and Mopti Bankass Segue 14 Buffer 14 Conflict Dom by armed groups demanding people not to farm. • Delivery of basic services and state authorities in the capital of the commune, but insufficient in some villages. • Absence of open conflict. • No presence of armed groups. • Mopti Djenné Djenné 23 Resilient 26 Resilient Presence of the State and delivery of services throughout the commune. • Meetings held regularly in the commune, and in all 11 villages. • Controlled by armed groups. • Closure of schools. Mopti Djenné Togue-Mourari 10 Conflict 10 Conflict • Absence of the administration, and of security and defense forces. • No presence of a state and NGO.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 39

• Absent Sub-prefect has not visited for more than 3 years. • Presence of state technical services. • Meetings are held in the capital commune. Mopti Douentza Douentza 17 Buffer 18 Buffer • Presence of armed groups linked to targeted attacks, IED and cattle thefts. • The delivery of services is almost non- existent. • The Mayor, the Sub-prefect and even the communal councilors reside in Koro. • Frequent attacks, IED and intimidation led Mopti Koro Dinangourou 11 Conflict 11 Conflict to massive population displacements in Burkina, Koro or Bamako. • The Sub-prefect and his team drove on a mine and died. • Armed groups controlled the commune. • Delivery of services almost non-existent • The Mayor, the Sub-prefect and communal councilors reside in Koro. Mopti Koro Dioungani 11 Conflict 11 Conflict • Frequent attacks leading to massive displacement. • Controlled by armed groups. • Conflicts are open and violent • Presence of armed groups causing the displacement of IDPs. This has made delivery of services (health, schools, Mopti Koro Koro 11 Conflict 12 Conflict water...) difficult in these areas. • Sporadic clashes between hunters (Dozos) and armed groups despite the presence of the security and defense forces.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 40

• Dozos provide security to communities but are accused of committing abuses. • The villages of Anakaga, Kenewe, Seguebengou and Ogodouroukoun received threats from armed groups to vacate the area, causing displacement in the town of Koro. • State presence in the capital commune and not in the villages. • Clashes between the national army and armed groups. • Attempted imposition of Sharia law. • State presence and delivery of basic social services in the commune capital but not in the villages. • Closure of schools and health centers. Mopti Mopti Konna 14 Conflict 14 Conflict • Presence of the army. • Meetings held only in the commune’s capital. • Some religious leaders fearing for their lives moved to the capital commune and/or to Sevaré. • Bozo fishermen subject to attacks bought arms to retaliate. • Conflicts are open but not violent. • Presence of armed groups and self-defense militias and in neighboring communes. • Presence of state in the Mopti commune Mopti Mopti Mopti 19 Buffer 20 Buffer but not in flooded areas such as Bienville and Dienékadaga. • Basic social services provided in Mopti but not in some villages.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 41

• Absence of some state services such as justice. Mopti Ténenkou Tenenkou 18 Buffer 18 Buffer • Impracticability of some roads due to insecurity. Thus, the longer Ségou -Macina – Tenenkou is recommended. • Presence of the national army in town. • State services such as justice are absent. Mopti Youwarou Youwarou 15 Buffer 18 Buffer • Difficult access to some villages due to the presence of armed groups who often kidnapped NGO workers. • Attack on the city's security post. • Presence of armed groups in the Komara Ségou Macina Macina 20 Buffer 20 Buffer village and in the border area between Macina and Diafarabé. • Dozos continued to provide security. • IDPs began to return to their villages. Ségou Macina Matomo 17 Buffer 17 Buffer • Circulation of motorbikes remained prohibited from dawn to dust in order to control returnees and prevent armed groups infiltration. • Latent conflicts resulting from abuses by the Dozos who reportedly act as the Ségou Macina Tongue 20 Buffer 20 Buffer State, by delivering justice decisions and/or levying illegal taxes. • Attack of national army in Bouka-Wèrè, killing 24 soldiers. • Limited delivery of basic social services. Ségou Niono Diabaly 12 Conflict 12 Conflict • Presence of armed groups and risks of attacks prevented the communities from farming despite the rainy season. • Collaboration between security, defense Ségou Niono Niono 14 Conflict 15 Buffer forces and populations improved.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 42

• Gradual delivery of basic social services. • Dozos act as justice despite the presence of the national army. Ségou Segou Segou 26 Resilient 26 Resilient • Presence of state. Ségou Segou Pelengana 24 Resilient 24 Resilient • Delivery of basic social services. • Absence of conflicts and armed groups. Ségou Segou Markala 23 Resilient 23 Resilient

• Presence of national army and foreign troops. • Presence and delivery of basic social Gao Ansongo Ansongo 19 Buffer 19 Buffer services in the 6 villages but absent in the two fractions23. • Intermittent attacks by armed groups. • Delivery of basic social services is not provided. • Meetings are held. Gao Ansongo Tessit 18 Buffer 18 Buffer • Absence of national and international troops such as Barkhane, G5Sahel and MINUSMA. • Recurrent attacks and murders. • Presence of groups that impose the payment of dime/zakat24 in some villages. Gao Ansongo Ouattagouna 13 Conflict 13 Conflict • Non-delivery of basic social services • 15 villages and fractions out of 22 are controlled by armed groups. • The Mayor returned to the commune. • Attacks against the national army by Gao Bourem Bourem 19 Buffer 21 Buffer armed groups.

23 Nomadic administrative entity. 24 Mandatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of assets.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 43

• Presence of state services. • Meetings are held. • Delivery of basic social services. • Attacks by armed groups on national and international troops. • Basic social services are not delivered. • Meetings are difficult to hold for fear of being attacked or kidnapped Gao Bourem Tarkint 12 Conflict 13 Conflict • Presence of the national army only in the commune’s capital. • Difficult access for actors and partners. • Atmosphere of fear and mistrust between communities, making contact and/or dialogue difficult. • Attacks by armed groups. • Basic social services are provided. Gao Bourem Bamba 20 Buffer 19 Buffer • The Sub-prefect resides in Bourem • The meetings are held regularly. • No open conflicts. • Presence of national and international Gao Gao Gao 24 Resilient 24 Resilient troops. • Presence of state services. • Presence of the Mayor and Prefect. Gao Gao Sony Aliber 24 Resilient 22 Resilient • Delivery of basic social services • Absence of armed groups. • Latent conflicts • Commune is under the control of the Coordination of the Azawad Movements, Kidal Kidal Kidal 20 Buffer 21 Buffer signatory to the Algiers Peace Agreement. • Basic social services, especially education, are not functioning.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 44

• Recurrent attacks by armed groups. Kidal Kidal Essouk 20 Buffer 19 Buffer • Absence of basic social services. • The Mayor resides in Kidal. • Lack of basic social services. • The Mayor and the Sub-prefect reside in Kidal Kidal Anéfif 20 Buffer 20 Buffer Kidal. • Self-defense groups ensure the security of people and their property. • Armed groups, signatory of the Algiers Peace Agreement ensured the security of Kidal Tessalit Tessalit 21 Buffer 20 Buffer the people and their property but also levied illegal taxes and duties on traders. • Presence of armed groups. • Targeted murders. • Attack on the border with Niger resulted in 34 deaths in Chinagoder and displaced 1,200 people to Tamalatt and Inchinanen villages. • Presence of armed groups that impose the payment of dime/zakat in some villages. Ménaka Andéramboukane Andéramboukane 15 Buffer 14 Conflict • Delivery of basic social services in the town and not in villages. • Absence of national and foreign troops. • Presence of self-defense groups • Difficult access to the commune due to risk of being robbed and/or vehicles abducted. • Risk of burglary on main roads. • The mayor and the prefect do not reside Ménaka Tidermène Alata 16 Buffer 14 Conflict in the commune. • Basic social services are not delivered.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 45

• Self-defense groups provide security for people and their property. • Access to the commune is very difficult. • Presence of armed groups (villages of Akabar Tabankorte Infoukaretane and Ighazran Nakh, are outside the control of the State). • Presence of the prefect, sub-prefect, Ménaka Menaka Menaka 21 Buffer 20 Buffer governor and other state services. • Basic social services not provided to some villages. • Fear and mistrust due to growing banditry targeting NGOs and state services. • Intermittent presence of armed groups • Coordination of Azawad movements, signatory to the Peace Agreement ensured the security of people and their property. Taoudénit Bou-Djebeha Agouni 14 Conflict 16 Buffer • The Mayor is represented in the commune by the President of the interim communal authorities who reside in Timbuktu. • No state presence • Attacks by armed groups. • Safety is provided by the Platform, signatory to the Algiers Peace Agreement. • Basic social services, such as health are provided by a local NGO. Taoudénit Al-Ourche Touwal N/A Conflict 15 Buffer • The Mayor is represented in the commune by the President of the interim communal authorities who reside in Timbuktu. • No state presence.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 46

• Attacks and robberies. • Lack of delivery of basic social services. • 3 out of 4 villages and fractions of the Taoudénit Araounae Achamour N/A Conflict 19 Buffer commune are controlled by armed groups • The presidents of the interim communal authorities as well as the Prefect of the Boujbeha circle reside in Timbuktu. Timbuktu Diré Diré 16 Buffer 16 Buffer • The Mayor resides in Goundam but not the Prefect. Timbuktu Goundam Goundam 22 Resilient 22 Resilient • National and international troops ensure the safety of property and people. • The commune is always accessible. • Attacks, abductions and other intimidation. • The Mayor and the Prefect reside in the commune. • Basic social services are not provided in 53 out of 54 villages. Timbuktu Niafunké Soboundou 13 Conflict 14 Conflict • Meetings are impossible to hold for fear of being assaulted or kidnapped by jihadists. • The national army ensures the security of goods and people only in the commune’s capital. • Freedom of movement is restricted in some villages. • The Mayor and the Prefect reside in Timbuktu. • Basic social services are provided in some Timbuktu Timbuktu Bourem Inaly 22 Resilient Buffer villages. • Meetings are impossible to hold for fear of being assaulted or kidnapped

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 47

• Absence of the national army and intermittent presence of the French Barkhane force. • The Mayor and the Prefect reside in the commune. • Absence of armed groups. • Delivery of basic social services. Timbuktu Timbuktu Timbuktu 27 Resilient 27 Resilient • Presence of national and international troops who ensure the security of people and their property. • Access to the commune is possible. • The Mayor and the Prefect reside in the commune. • Intermittent presence of armed groups • Basic social services are not provided in Timbuktu Timbuktu Ber 20 Buffer 19 Buffer some villages • Presence of MINUSMA and armed groups, signatories to the Peace Agreement provide security to people and their property.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 48

Annex V: List of Approved Grants

Implementation No. Grantee(s) Location Status #MaliYouth2 Youth Bloggers – Communications Campaign 1 Fanta Diaw Bamako Starting in July 2020 2 Fatoumata Bengaly Bamako Starting in July 2020 3 Salif Sarré Bamako Starting in July 2020 4 Garba Dia Bamako Starting in July 2020 5 Zoumana Dembele Bamako Starting in July 2020 6 Med Maiga Bamako Starting in July 2020 7 Daouda Coulibaly Segou Starting in July 2020 8 Famory Oumar Keita Segou Starting in July 2020 9 Idrissa Goro Segou Starting in July 2020 10 Sekou Coulibaly Segou Starting in July 2020 11 Aly Baba Coulibaly Mopti Starting in July 2020 12 Barnabas Guindo Mopti Starting in July 2020 13 Aboubacar Touré Mopti Starting in July 2020 14 Hamidou Niapogou Mopti Starting in July 2020 15 Ogobaye Herman Guindo Mopti Starting in July 2020 16 Kola Amadou Bah Mopti Starting in July 2020 17 Koumbeli Diaw Mopti Starting in July 2020 18 Mohamadou Kouma Mopti Starting in July 2020 19 Moussa Kondo Mopti Starting in July 2020 20 Oumar Niangaly Mopti Starting in July 2020 21 Abdramane Abdoulaye Tombouctou Starting in July 2020 22 Soumaila Alidji Tombouctou Starting in July 2020 23 Younissou Cisse Tombouctou Starting in July 2020 24 Mohamed Moussa Gao Starting in July 2020 25 Ali Ibrahim Maiga Gao Starting in July 2020 Slam Poetry Messaging This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Creative Associates International for the Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization and Reconciliation project, contract number 720-688-18-C-00002.

USAID Point of Contact: Andrew Greer, COR, [email protected] Prime Partner: Creative Associates International Activity Name: Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization, and Reconciliation Contract #: 720-688-18-C-00002

26 Sory Diakite Mali PSR Communes Completed Civil Society Organizations and Community Associations 27 Muso Ni Baara Segou Ongoing 28 Association Sahel Espoir Segou Ongoing 29 AMDH Segou Ongoing Groupe de Réflexion et d'Actions Patriotiques 30 Mopti Ongoing pour le Développement 31 Orchestre KANAGA de Mopti Mopti Ongoing Reference pour l’Environnement, la Santé, 32 l’Éducation, la Recherche pour le Mopti Ongoing Développement du Mali 33 ADEL Sahel Mopti Ongoing Association des Jeunes Animateurs et 34 Tombouctou Ongoing Journalistes du Cercle de Goundam Association sourire d'enfants, paix, vivre 35 ensemble, cohésion sociale, Protection et Tombouctou Ongoing développement Centre d’Appui au Développement Intégré au 36 Gao Ongoing Sahel Derhane Mali PSR target 37 Ongoing communes Association de Soutien aux Initiatives 38 Segou Not yet started Communautaires 39 Association ALASSAL Gao Not yet started 40 ONG-HED-Tamat Gao Not yet started Association Malienne d’Aide aux Femmes et 41 Gao Not yet started Enfants Déshérités (AMAFED) 42 Cooperative Afus-Dafus Gao Not yet started 43 ONG DADESA Gao Not yet started L'Association des Prédicateurs pour la 44 Mopti Not yet started Préservation de l'Unité et la Paix sociale Association pour la Promotion de 45 l’Environnement et le Développement Durable Mopti Not yet started Association pour la promotion des activités des 46 Mopti Not yet started femmes à Bandiagara Association des jeunes pour l'assainissement de 47 l'environnement, la citoyenneté et la protection Mopti Not yet started des enfants Association TEMETT 48 Tombouctou Not yet started

Crisis Modifier COVID-19 Support to Communities

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 2

Consortium ANTI COVID-19 49 Sikasso Ongoing Association Malienne pour la Solidarité et le 50 Développement Bamako Ongoing

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 3

Annex VI: Mapping of Conflict Management Committees Does a Conflict Is the CMC Are members of Comments Management functional? the CMC or part Committee of the CEC? Communes (CMC) exist in your commune?

REGION GAO Gao Yes Yes Yes Ansongo Yes Yes Yes Bourem Yes No No Soni Ali Ber Yes No Yes Bamba Yes No Yes Tessit Yes No Yes Tarkint No N/A N/A Ouattagouna No N/A N/A MENAKA REGION Known as Équipe des Ménaka Yes Yes Yes Personnes Ressources (EPR) Known as Équipe des Anderamboukane Yes Yes Yes Personnes Ressources (EPR) Known as Équipe des Alata Yes Yes Yes Personnes Ressources (EPR) KIDAL REGION Kidal Yes Yes Yes Essouk Yes Yes Yes Tessalit Yes Yes Yes Known as reconciliation Anefif Yes Yes Yes committee TIMBUKTU REGION Timbuktu Yes Yes No Ber Yes Yes Yes Bourem Inaly Yes Yes No Soboundou Yes Yes Yes Dire No N/A N/A Goundam Yes Yes Yes

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 4

TAOUDENIT REGION Agouni No N/A N/A Achamour Yes Yes Touwal No N/A N/A MOPTI REGION Mopti Yes Yes No Djenné Yes No No Known as Équipe des Konna Personnes Ressources Yes Yes Yes (EPR) Douentza Yes Yes Yes Bandiagara Yes Yes No Youwarou Yes Yes Yes Tenenkou Yes Yes Yes Koro Yes Yes Yes Dinangourou Yes No No Ouenkoro Yes Yes Yes Segue Yes Yes No Bankass Yes Yes Yes Togue-Mourari Information not available Diougani Information not available SEGOU REGION Markala Yes Yes Yes Macina Yes Yes Yes Matomo No N/A N/A Tongué No N/A N/A Segou No Pelengana Yes No Yes Diabaly Yes No Yes Niono Yes No Yes

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 5

Annex VII: Macina Draft Advocacy Plan Theme Acquisition of a grazing area in the Macina commune and surrounding areas

Goal Promote peace and social cohesion between herders and farmers

Objectives - Identify the root causes of the conflict. - Facilitate the return of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) - Strengthen social cohesion between parties in conflict Targeted - Primary audience: Managing Director of the Office du Niger audience - Secondary audience: Director of the Office du Niger in Macina Youth allies for - The Ministry of Social Cohesion and National Reconciliation successful - The Prefect of the Macina circle advocacy - The Mayor - The President of the Circle Council - A CSO representative - The President of the Chamber of Agriculture - The traditional chiefs, - The media - The Traditional Communicators’ Network (RECOTRADE) and imams, - A herder and a farmer Outputs Activities Ressources Responsible Duration Budget (in FCFA)

Equip the Training of the Trainer CC 2 days 205 000 committee with Mediation the requisite Committee on conflict Conflict management Management skills

Establishment of a Carry out CEC and trained 1 day 30 000 committee to advocacy organizations implement and activities monitor the advocacy Plan

Meeting with the Information President of the 1 day 30 000 Mayor and Circle collection Circle Council, The

Council Mayor and the Local

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 6

Youth Council (CCJ) Understanding the root causes Meeting with Information The Management 1 day 50 000 of conflicts leaders of the collection Committee, the between herders herders and farmers Town Hall, the and farmers Circle Council, RECOTRADE, the traditional leaders, herders and farmers

Hold a discussion Information The President of the 2 days 100 000 on the problem collection Circle Council, the Mayor, the CCJ, herders and farmers, the village chief, the local office du Niger

Identification of Mobilization of The Prefect, the 10 days 150 000 grazing areas stakeholders Mayor, the village Consensus chief, the farmers around grazing and herders and the and animal CCJ passage areas Delimitation and Mobilization of The committee, the 1 day 50 000 consensus meeting stakeholders Prefect, the Mayor, on animal grazing the village chief, the areas. herder and farmer representatives and the CCJ

Information-sharing A meeting The Prefect, the 1 day 100 000 with Office du Niger Mayor, the village Allocation of an officials. chief, herders and area by the farmers, CCJ and Office du Niger the media.

Organization of a Partnership Union of breeders 1 day 100 000 radio program with a local and farmers, the (debate) radio Prefect and the Mayor.

MALI PEACEBUILDING, STABILIZATION, & RECONCILIATION QUARTERLY REPORT III FY2020 7