People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
1. Match the beginnings and endings to make sentences. Work individually and then compare your answers with your partner.
A B a. Many mill owners used 1. the wages that even young children could earn. b. Children were 2. and got tangled in the machinery. c. Many poor parents also needed 3. to get into the machinery and clean out the dust and dirt that collected there. d. Children were also small enough 4. cheap to hire and easy to find. e. Sometimes they fell asleep 5. such as crushed fingers, were common. f. Horrible injuries, 6. children as young as five or six to look after their machines.
a - 6; b - 4; c - 1; d - 3; e - 2; f - 5
2. Draw arrows to relate each picture with its word.
cotton mill school housing
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/I New Lanark, Scotland (photo taken by New Lanark, Scotland (photo taken by Rowen.jpg Maria del Roser Pujadas Jubany) Maria del Roser Pujadas Jubany)
Robert Owen’s David Dale’s son- father-in-law in-law
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikip http://www.econ.duke.edu/Ec edia/en/ onomists/Gifs/ e/e7/Dale_david7a.jpg Owen.gif
3. Watch and listen to the PowerPoint presentation “New Ways of Working” and check the previous questions.
This is the transcript.
NEW WAYS OF WORKING The child workers of New Lanark Many mill-owners used children as young as five or six to look after their machines. Children were cheap to hire and easy to find. Many poor parents also needed the wages that even young children could earn. Children were also small enough to get into the machinery and clean out the dust and dirt that collected there. Sometimes they fell asleep and got tangled in the machinery. Horrible injuries, such as crushed fingers, were common.
One cotton mill was different. This was the New Lanark cotton mill owned by David Dale. This vast cotton mill was one of the largest in Europe when it was extended in
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
1793. Working conditions at New Lanark were better than in most factories of the time. Dale built decent houses for his workers, charging them a reasonable rent.
Dale’s work was carried on by his son-in-law, Robert Owen. In 1803 Owen tried to persuade Parliament in London to pass a law reducing the hours worked by mill children. His efforts led to the first Factory Act in 1833. This made it illegal to employ children younger than nine in factories.
Robert Owen explains why he set up a school: “This school has been set up at New Lanark so that the mothers of families will be less anxious about their children and be able to earn more to support them, while the children will be prevented from acquiring bad habits and will learn the best habits instead.”
(From DARGIE, Richard: SCOTLAND 1700-1900, EXPLORE Scottish History, Heinemann, 2002, page 15)
4. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss them with another student.
a. New Lanark was not different from other cotton mills. F
b. New Lanark was owned by David Dale. T
c. New Lanark was one of the largest cotton mills in Europe when T it was extended in 1793.
d. Working conditions at New Lanark were worse than in most F factories of the time.
e. Dale built satisfactory houses for his workers, charging them a T low-priced rent.
f. Dale’s work was carried on by his father-in-law, Robert Owen. F
g. In 1800 Dale tried to persuade Parliament in London to pass a F law reducing the hours worked by mill children.
h. Owen’s efforts led to the first Factory Act in 1833. T
i. Children younger than nine could be employed in factories. F
j. Robert Owen set up a school at New Lanark. T
5. Make the false sentences true.
a. New Lanark was not a different from the other cotton mills.
d. Working conditions at New Lanark were worse better than in most factories of the time.
f. Dale’s work was carried on by his father -in -law son-in-law , Robert Owen.
g. In 1803 1800 Robert Owen tried to persuade Parliament in London to pass a low reducing the hours worked by mill children.
i. Children younger than nine could not be employed in factories.
6. Compare your sentences with your partner.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
STUDENT A
7. Read the following text about the history of New Lanark.
8. Write down the words from the text that you do not understand. Translate them into Catalan using a bilingual dictionary.
Students’ own answers
9. Choose the best answer. Compare them with your partner.
a. New Lanark is a village on the River Clyde in South Lanarkshire.
b. The industrial community at New Lanark had been planned by Richard Arkwright and David Dale.
c. The fast flowing river provided power for the mills.
d. In Dale’s time there were about 500 children from the poorhouses and charities of Glasgow and Edinburgh.
e. In Owen’s time, villagers were provided with decent homes, schools, free health and affordable food.
f. The village was managed from 1825 to 1881 by the Walker family.
g. The New Lanark mills became a place of pilgrimage for social reformers, statesmen and royal personages.
h. When the mills closed in 1968, the residents of New Lanark ______the village. started to move away from
i. The village’s cotton mills operated for nearly 200 years.
j. New Lanark is a remarkable place because it was a model for industrial communities that was to spread across the world in the 19 th and 20 th centuries.
10. Who is who? Read and say who they are.
He was a self-made entrepreneur from Glasgow who had an estate at Rosebank, Cambuslang, not far from the Falls of Clyde (waterfalls). He constructed a dam above New Lanark. He sold the mills, lands and village in 1800 to a partnership that included his son-in-law. Who is? David Dale
He found the workers living conditions unsatisfactory and resolved to improve them. He opened the first infants’ school in Britain in 1816. Although the mills were very profitable, his partners were unhappy about paying the cost of his welfare programmes. Who is? Robert Owen
(Adapted from http://www.great-britain.co.uk/world-heritage/new_lanark.htm)
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
11. Trace a map of Scotland. Mark the names of New Lanark, Edinburgh and Glasgow on it. Draw the course of the River Clyde in blue. Use an atlas if necessary.
http://cpmwsrender10.cp.prod.mappoint.net/render-30/getmap.aspx?key=B02C91FFFFF64A78E72F
STUDENT B
7. Work in pairs. Read and sequence the biography of Robert Owen in chronological order. Number the events 1-19. The first one has been done for you.
Robert Owen
In 1795 he took up, as part owner, a new post that brought with it 10 responsibilities for the buying of raw cotton and selling finished product as well as large scale factory management.
16 By 1825 Robert Owen had lost interest in his New Lanark textile mills and decided to sell the business.
4 At the age of sixteen, Robert found work at a large wholesale and retail drapery business in Manchester.
12 After his marriage, he set up home at New Lanark.
7 In 1792, he found work as a manager of Peter Drinkwater’s large spinning factory in Manchester, the Piccadilly Mill.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
th 19 Robert Owen died on November 17 , 1858, during a visit to his hometown of Newtown, Wales.
3 After three years in Stamford, Robert moved to London to work under another draper
8 As a manager of Drinkwater’s factory, Owen met a lot of businessmen involved in the textile industry such as David Dale.
1 Robert Owen was born in Newtown, Wales, on 14 th May, 1771.
11 In 1799 Owen finalised the purchase of the Dale factory holdings in New Lanark, Scotland, and married Dale’s daughter, Caroline, soon thereafter.
6 In 1791, he started business on his own with three mules as a cotton spinner.
9 Owen left Piccadilly Mill in 1795.
15 In 1815 Robert Owen sent detailed proposals to Parliament about his ideas on factory reform.
13 His first public speech was on education in 1812.
Owen also played an important role in establishing the Grand National 18 Consolidated Trade Union in 1834 and the Association of All Classes and All Nations in 1835.
14 He wrote several books including The Formation of Character (1813) and A New View of Society (1814).
5 Working in his first post in Manchester, Owen heard about the success Richard Arkwright was having with his textile factory in Cromford. Robert Owen decided in 1825 to establish a new community in America based 17 on the socialist ideas that he had developed over the years. At the age of ten, his father sent him to work in a large drapery in Stamford, 2 Lincolnshire, England, where he served as an apprentice. (Adapted from http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/owen.html; http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/historical/biography/robert owen.html; http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRowen.htm and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Owen)
8. Write out the ordered sentences about Robert Owen from the previous exercise in three or four paragraphs.
Sample answer
Robert Owen was born in Newtown, Wales, on 14 th May, 1771. At the age of ten, his father sent him to work in a large drapery in Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, where he served as an apprentice. After three years in Stamford, Robert moved to London to work under another draper. At the age of sixteen, Robert found work at a large wholesale and retail drapery business in Manchester. Working in his first post in Manchester, Owen heard about the success Richard Arkwright was having with his textile factory in Cromford.
In 1791, he started business on his own with three mules as a cotton spinner. In 1792, he found work as a manager of Peter Drinkwater’s large spinning factory in Manchester, the Piccadilly Mill. As a manager of Drinkwater’s factory, Owen met a lot of businessmen involved in the textile industry such as David Dale. Owen left Piccadilly Mill in 1795. In 1799 Owen finalised the purchase of the Dale factory holdings in New Lanark, Scotland, and married Dale’s daughter, Caroline, soon thereafter. After his marriage, he set up home at New Lanark.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
His first public speech was on education in 1812. He wrote several books including The Formation of Character (1813) and A New View of Society (1814). In 1815 Robert Owen sent detailed proposals to Parliament about his ideas on factory reform.
By 1825 Robert Owen had lost interest in his New Lanark textile mills and decided to sell the business. Robert Owen decided in 1825 to establish a new community in America based on the socialist ideas that he had developed over the years. Owen also played an important role in establishing the Grand National Consolidated Trade Union in 1834 and the Association of All Classes and All Nations in 1835. Robert Owen died on November 17 th , 1858, during a visit to his hometown of Newtown, Wales.
9. Match each word with its definition.
a young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time a. apprentice in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job.
b. draper a person who owns or manages a shop that sells fabric, curtains, etc.
goods that are bought and sold in large quantities, especially so they c. wholesale can be sold again to make a profit.
d. retail the selling of goods to the public, usually through shops/stores.
e. draper’s shop/store that sells fabric, curtains, etc.
a person who is in charge of running a business, a shop/store or a f. manager similar organization or part of one.
g. drapery fabric and materials for sewing sold by a draper.
10. List all the jobs that appear in the previous exercise. apprentice, draper, manager
11. Write the names of the cities or towns in the UK where Robert Owen stayed or lived on the map. Use an atlas if necessary. Newtown (Wales), Stamford (England), Manchester (England), New Lanark (Scotland)
STUDENT C
7. Read the text about Robert Owen and his social experiment.
8. Write down the words from the text that you do not understand. Translate them into Catalan using a bilingual dictionary. Students’ own answers
9. Match the questions to the answers. 1. Who was David Dale? He was a weaver from Paisley who opened the New Lanark mills and Robert Owen’s father-in-law.
2. What did Owen think about the relationship between workforce and owner? He believed completely that to make the best profit, workforce and owner must respect and trust each other.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
3. What did Robert Owen say that all instruction should be? He insisted that the children “should be taught and well trained; … that all their instruction is rendered a pleasure and a delight to them.”
4. What did the equipment for the village school include? It included musical instruments, paste and materials for cutting and sewing.
5. What was taught at the school? Reading, writing, spelling and counting were thoroughly taught, music and dancing claimed an important place too.
6. What was special about the village store? The village store was well stocked with the best of provisions to be sold at cost price though the workers were well enough paid.
7. Did Robert Owen’s system work? If yes, why? Yes, it did. Robert Owen’s efforts were richly rewarded because the workforce was happy and friendly and confident in the employer’s good intentions.
10. Think about and decide if the following statements about Robert Owen’s social experiment are true (T) or false (F). Discuss them with another student.
a. Robert Owen had opened the New Lanark Mills with Richard F Arkwright in 1799.
b. Pleasant housing for workers was offered at a reasonable rent. T
c. Families had to pay their children education. F
d. His factory school was extraordinarily enlightened because of T an innovative curriculum.
e. Robert Owen tried to respect students’ religious feelings. T
f. Clothing was not provided in the village store. F
g. The workforce at New Lanark was not faithful at all to their F employer.
h. Robert Owen made greater profits than those who envied him T his success.
11. Trace a map of Scotland. Mark the names of New Lanark and Paisley on it. Draw the course of the River Clyde in blue. Use an atlas if necessary.
Answer in question 11, student A
12. Now work in groups of three. Each group should have one student A, B and C. Student A has to explain the history of New Lanark, student B has to explain the biography of Robert Owen and student C has to explain Robert Owen’s social experiment.
13. Your group has to help you to do the following tasks.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
STUDENT A
13.1. Write the biography of Robert Owen.
Answer in question 8, student B
13.2. List all the places that Robert Owen stayed or lived in.
Answer in question 11, student B
13.3. Complete the chart classifying the places from the previous question.
Wales England Scotland Abroad Stamford Newtown New Lanark America Manchester
13.4. Mention the jobs that Robert Owen did. apprentice, draper, manager
13.5. Answer the following questions: Answers in question 9, student C
1. Who was David Dale?
2. What did Owen think about the relationship between workforce and owner?
3. What did Robert Owen say that all instruction should be?
4. What did the equipment for the village school include?
5. What was taught at the school?
6. What was special about the village store?
7. Did Robert Owen’s system work? If so, why?
13.6. Where is Paisley? Who stayed there? Paisley is located in the west central lowlands of Scotland. David Dale stayed there.
13.7. Mark the town of Paisley on your map. Answer in question 11, student A
STUDENT B 13.1. Complete the following sentences. Answers in question 9, student A
a. New Lanark is a village on the River Clyde in South Lanarkshire.
b. The industrial community at New Lanark had been planned by Richard Arkwright and David Dale.
c. The fast flowing river provided power for the mills.
d. In Dale’s time there were about 500 children from the poorhouses and charities of Glasgow and Edinburgh.
e. In Owen’s time, villagers were provided with decent homes, schools, free health and affordable food.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
f. The village was managed from 1825 to 1881 by the Walker family.
g. The New Lanark mills became a place of pilgrimage for social reformers, statesmen and royal personages.
h. When the mills closed in 1968, the residents of New Lanark started to move away from the village.
i. The village’s cotton mills operated for nearly 200 years.
j. New Lanark is a remarkable place because it was a model for industrial communities that was to spread across the world in the 19 th and 20 th centuries.
13.2. Answer the following questions. Answers in question 9, student C
1. Who was David Dale?
2. What did Owen think about the relationship between workforce and owner?
3. What did Robert Owen say that all instruction should be?
4. What did the equipment for the village school include?
5. What was taught at the school?
6. What was special about the village store?
7. Did Robert Owen’s system work? If so, why?
13.3.Where are Edinburgh and Glasgow? Which one is the nearest to New Lanark? Edinburgh is in the south-east of Scotland. Glasgow is on the River Clyde in the west central lowlands of Scotland. Glasgow is the nearest to New Lanark.
13.4. Mark the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow on your UK map. Answer in question 11, student A
13.5.Where is Paisley? Who stayed there? Answer in question 13.6, student A
13.6.Mark the town of Paisley on your map. Answer in question 11, student A
13.7. Draw the course of the River Clyde in blue on your UK map. Name here two places that the river flows through. Answer in question 11, student A
STUDENT C
13.1. Write the biography of Robert Owen. Answer in question 8, student B
13.2. List all the places that Robert Owen stayed or lived in. Answer in question 11, student B
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
13.3. Complete the chart classifying the places from the previous question.
Wales England Scotland Abroad Stamford Newtown New Lanark America Manchester
13.4. Mention the jobs that Robert Owen did. apprentice, draper, manager
13.5. Complete the following sentences. Answer in question 13.1, student B
13.6.Where are Edinburgh and Glasgow? Which one is the nearest to New Lanark? Answer in question 13.3, student B
13.7. Mark the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow on your UK map. Answer in question 11, student A
STUDENTS A, B AND C
13.8. Complete the following vocabulary word map.
Definition in your own words Synonyms Sample answer munificence, benevolence, generosity, A wealthy person who gives money to humanitarianism, altruism, charity, etc benefit other people.
PHILANTHROPY
Students’ own answers David Dale and Robert Owen
Use it meaningfully in a sentence Who were philanthropists?
(Idea adapted from http://www.readingquest.org)
14. Imagine you are a child in 1820 and your family has just moved to New Lanark. Fill in the table below. Leave blanks if necessary.
Aspect Before living in New Lanark Living in New Lanark
Age eight years old nine years old
Family four children and parents five children and parents
cottage or a single room in a Housing comfortable home at low rent slum.
getting up very early and attending school, playing with Daily routine working 14 hours, short break friends and brothers and sisters, for eating, going home late. helping at home.
working in a factory, Childcare going to school punishments.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
good working conditions: poor working conditions: healthy, better ventilated, Industrial dangerous, no ventilation, hot, cleaner, no fines, less working environment unhealthy, miserable, unfenced hours, etc. Mum leaves her machinery, fines, no safety children at school; the older one regulations, crowed, works and attends school in the evenings.
better (village store –food, hard (no free time, low wage, Lifestyle clothes-, free time, family family split up) together, etc)
15. Compare your chart with another student.
16. Imagine you are going to research children living in the 19 th century. Think of seven questions you can ask about their lives. One question is given to help you. Sample questions • Do you live in a town or in the country? • Is your house comfortable? • Do you get up very early?
17. Ask your questions to your partner and guess where the child lives.
18. You are going to hear information about Robert Owen.
STUDENT A First read the sentences. Then listen to the recording at least twice and put the sentences of each paragraph in the right order. Number them.
FIRST PARAGRAPH
The best known was Robert Owen (1771-1858) who proved that it was possible 2 to run a successful factory and, at the same time, treat the workers well.
Throughout his life, he sided with working-class people and was a strong 4 supporter of trade unions.
3 Owen was one of the first to draw attention to the evils of the factory system.
Many of the reformers were factory owners themselves, although they were not 1 usually popular with other factory owners.
SECOND PARAGRAPH
4 They also said that factory work was good for the children!
He was convinced that it was wrong to employ young children in factories and 2 he was an outspoken critic of the working conditions in the majority of factories.
Most other factory owners claimed that if they reduced working hours, raised 3 wages and ceased to employ children, their businesses would be ruined.
1 Owen operated his father-in-law’s textile factory at New Lanark in Scotland.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
THIRD PARAGRAPH
Other factory owners criticised Owen for being ‘soft’ and were enraged when 7 their own workers began to demand that they should be treated in the same way.
1 At New Lanark, Owen reduced working hours to ten-and-a-half hours per day.
4 He refused to employ any child under the age of ten.
Owen was warned that his business would collapse, but instead, New Lanark 8 prospered.
Instead of working in factories, Owen believed that children should go to 6 school –he set up the first proper infant school in Britain.
3 Owen also set about improving the housing of his workers.
5 He aspired to increasing the age limit to twelve, but that seemed impossible.
Wages were increased and were even paid when workers were too sick to work, 2 a practice unheard of in the early nineteenth century.
(Adapted from SMITH, Nigel: The Industrial Revolution, Serie Events and Outcomes, Evans, 2002, pages 42-43)
STUDENT B First read the sentences. Then listen to the recording at least twice and match the beginnings and endings of each sentence. Many of the reformers were factory owners themselves, although they were not usually popular with other factory owners . The best known was Robert Owen (1771- 1858) who proved that it was possible to run a successful factory and, at the same time, treat the workers well . Owen was one of the first to draw attention to the evils of the factory system . Throughout his life, he sided with working-class people and was a strong supporter of trade unions.
Owen operated his father-in-law’s textile factory at New Lanark in Scotland . He was convinced that it was wrong to employ young children in factories and he was an outspoken critic of the working conditions in the majority of factories . Most other factory owners claimed that if they reduced working hours, raised wages and ceased to employ children, their businesses would be ruined . They also said that factory work was good for the children!
At New Lanark, Owen reduced working hours to ten-and-a-half hours per day . Wages were increased and were even paid when workers were too sick to work, a practice unheard of in the early nineteenth century . Owen also set about improving the housing of his workers . He refused to employ any child under the age of ten . He aspired to increasing the age limit to twelve, but that seemed impossible . Instead of working in factories, Owen believed that children should go to school –he set up the first proper infant school in Britain . Other factory owners criticised Owen for being ‘soft’ and were enraged when their own workers began to demand that they should be treated in the same way . Owen was warned that his business would collapse, but instead, New Lanark prospered.
(Text from SMITH, Nigel: The Industrial Revolution, Serie Events and Outcomes, Evans, 2002, pages 42-43)
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
STUDENT C First read the passage. Then listen to the recording at least twice and fill each of the numbered blanks with the word from the listening. Many of the reformers were factory owners themselves, although they were not usually popular with other factory owners. The best known was Robert Owen (1771- 1858) who proved that it was possible to run a successful factory and, at the same time, treat the workers well. Owen was one of the first to draw attention to the evils of the factory system. Throughout his life, he sided with working-class people and was a strong supporter of trade unions.
Owen operated his father-in-law’s textile factory at New Lanark in Scotland. He was convinced that it was wrong to employ young children in factories and he was an outspoken critic of the working conditions in the majority of factories. Most other factory owners claimed that if they reduced working hours, raised wages and ceased to employ children, their businesses would be ruined. They also said that factory work was good for the children!
At New Lanark, Owen reduced working hours to ten-and-a-half hours per day. Wages were increased and were even paid when workers were too sick to work, a practice unheard of in the early nineteenth century. Owen also set about improving the housing of his workers. He refused to employ any child under the age of ten. He aspired to increasing the age limit to twelve, but that seemed impossible. Instead of working in factories, Owen believed that children should go to school –he set up the first proper infant school in Britain. Other factory owners criticised Owen for being ‘soft’ and were enraged when their own workers began to demand that they should be treated in the same way. Owen was warned that his business would collapse, but instead, New Lanark prospered .
(Text from SMITH, Nigel: The Industrial Revolution, Serie Events and Outcomes, Evans, 2002, pages 42-43)
19. Now work again in your group of three. Student A reads the first paragraph, student B reads the second paragraph and student C reads the third paragraph. Student A checks that the order of the sentences is correct, student B checks that the matching is right and student C checks that the passage is filled in properly.
STUDENTS A, B AND C
20. Work in pairs. Use your imagination and knowledge to answer these questions using sentences.
Students’ own answers
a. What do you suppose Robert Owen’s peer mill owners thought of him?
b. What do you imagine Robert Owen thought about the practices of his peer industrialists?
c. Do you believe Robert Owen introduced all his new ideas just to make more money? Explain your answer.
d. Do you think Robert Owen improved conditions? Why? Give your reasons.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
21. Complete the following tasks in groups of four.
a. Why do you think David Dale and Richard Arkwright chose the site of New Lanark for the cotton mill? Students’ own answers
b. Would you feel safe with a steep river bank near your house? Explain why or why not? Students’ own answers
c. Would you feel safe living in New Lanark? Give your reasons. Students’ own answers
d. Enumerate the different places or areas in the New Lanark village. Housing, mills, village store, school, social facilities
e. List the advantages and disadvantages the workers at New Lanark had at that time.
Advantages Disadvantages
Students’ own answers Students’ own answers
22. Compare your answer with those of the other groups in the class.
23. Work again in your group of four and do the following tasks.
a. Not every one of Robert Owen’s workers was happy with the way of life at New Lanark. Discuss, in your group, why this might be so.
b. Now divide your group into two halves.
• One half should imagine that they are discontented workers at New Lanark and write a letter to Owen saying why they want to leave.
• The other half should write a reply explaining why this is a bad idea and what benefits would be lost by moving to another mill.
(This activity is from MOFFAT, William, A History of Scotland , Book Four, Oxford, page 77)
Students’ own answers
24. Linking Scottish, European and US history.
24.1. Answer these questions using your knowledge.
Students’ own answers
a. Do you think there were mill villages like New Lanark around Europe and USA? If so, explain why.
b. Where do you think they were?
c. When do you think they were built?
d. Compare your answers with another student.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
24.2.Work in pairs. Use the internet to find out about mill villages in Europe and the USA. Complete the table. Leave blanks if you do not have all the information.
Sample answer
City Country Mill’s name When? Founded by Power Other Town
Titus Salt England Bradford Saltaire 1853
(English)
Water James Finlayson wheels, Finland Tampere 1828 Finlayson Cotton Mills turbines and (Scottish) steam engine
The biggest Ludwig Estonia Narva Krenholm 1858 mill complex Knoop in Europe.
Small single and two- Longou-kyrsti- storey mills, Greece Naoussa 1874 turbines Tourpali equipped from Britain and Germany
Antoni Sedó Water wheel Catalonia Esparreguera Colònia Sedó 1846 i Pàmies and a turbine Ignasi Vidal Turbines and Today it is a Catalonia Puig-reig Colònia Vidal 1892 i Balet steam engine museum
The world’s USA, New Amoskeag biggest Manchester 1838 Waterpower Hampshire Mills cotton mill complex.
24.3. Compare your table with those of the other pairs in the class.
24.4. What do the mill villages have in common? All of them or most of them were built during the 19 th century (after 1820). Most of them used water power (water wheels and turbines) and a few steam engines. So that means that they were near rivers.
24.5. Watch the PowerPoint presentation about “Mill Villages” and check the previous question.
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People and the Textile Industry Unit 6 New Ways of Working Answer Key
24.6. Imagine you are on a visit to a mill village in the late 19 th century. What would you hear, smell and see there? I would hear the sounds of weaving and spinning and the water flowing through the river. I would smell the smoke from the chimney if the mill has steam power. I would see store factory buildings, houses
24.7. Complete this vocabulary word map.
Definition in your own words What is it like?
Students’ own answers Students’ own answers
Synonyms Translate it into
Catalan: colònia MILL industrial village Spanish: colonia
industrial community French: VILLAGE Other languages:
New Lanark, Saltaire, Colònia Sedó, etc Students’ own answers
Write a sentence using it meaningfully What are some examples?
(Idea adapted from http://www.readingquest.org)
24.8. In groups of four make a poster about “Mill Villages”. Then display it in the classroom.
Students’ own answers
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