it

the

break

pine

and

wherever

coon

in

this

set

will

Disease.

near

destroyed

has

and

be

Rust

growing

infection

should

weakened

been

Blister

is

where

not

bushes

with

trunk

had

point

These

at

The

bushes

Affected

trunk

tree.

healthy.

of

the

Pine

and

of

gooseberry

or

White

diameter

strong

in

of

portions

be

currant

still

If

Trunk

healthy

difference

off. found.

still

would lote Forestry

BIENNIAL

State

For

August

the

of

November,

CONCORD

New Two

OF

ENDING

Commission

THE

31,

Fiscal

Hampshire

REPORT

1920

1920

Years .4

I

* B CO. BINDERY CLARKE B. CRAGO JOHN BY BY BOUND PRINTED Forest Recommendations

Report

Control

Forest Acquisition Control Organization Causes Reforestation Table Fire Fire Table Mountain Area Cost Table Table Table Table

Fire Patrol Spark Disposal Cutting Co-operation Introduction Need Distribution

Cost Results Distribution

N. Town

Other

Measures berries

and

Fire

Fighting

Season

of

Burned Damage

of

H.

of

Ill—Railroad TI—Fire TV—Causes I—Number

VT—Fires

V—Total

for

Arresters

Fire

of

1920

of

Fire

of

Fire

of

nnd

the Patrol

Timberland

of

Service

Lookout

Fire

Future

the

Roadside

Control and

Service

of

Lumber

White

of

with State Fighting

of in

Protective

Tools

Blister

Record

1919

Blister

Agencies

Care

Different Forest

in Blister

Reported .

of

of CONTENTS

U.

Slash

Patrol

Portable Pine

Stations

Measnres

Fire

Fires

Brush

and

Damage

Slash

5.

Owners’ of

Rust

for

Rust

Fire

Forest

Rust

Work

State

Blister

Record

1920

Disposal

Types

by by

Fiscal

by

5 Disease

on

Mills

Damage

by

Months the

on

Association Forests

Towns

Service

White

Rust

of

for

Forest

Years

Lookouts Currants

and

Growth

Fiscal

Pines

1919

Fires

Special

Years

and

and

Goose

Patrol

1919

1920 •

Page

14 12 13

16

16

18

21 20 19 27 24 23 21 27 23 22 27 28 24 40 29

28 20 34 32 17 39 31 42 39 34 29

42 43

43 44

43

45 46 46 47

50 53 53

53 53 54 54 54 ss 56 55

58

60 60

60 60

60 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 62

63

64 Page 64

64 64 64

65 65

.

.

Act

1920.

920.

Bushes Tracts

to

1

Towns.

by

and

State

on

Reforestation

1919 Hampshire

Gooseberry

COMMISSION

Control

in Work—lUll

Tracts

Measures

Methods

Reservations

New and

under

Rust

in

Forest

Planting

and

State

Addition

Control 1920

Forest

FORESTRY Control

Acquired on

Forest

Forest Forest

Currant

in and

State

Blister

Tract

OF

Acquired Forest

Forests

and

Towns

Reservations Eradication

of

Forests

Additions

of

State

State

State

Tracts State

Additions

Tracts

Mountain

and Work

Addition

and Falls Tract

with

State 1919 Notch

of

Public Continued

REPORT

Situation

Hill

Brook Brook Tract

Mountain Sales

of of Hill

Removal Forests

Yard

X—Tracts

XI—Planting

Co-operation Forests

Work

IX—--State

VII—•-Progress

VIII—--Cost

Forests of

During

Labor Forests

Chandler

Kearsarge Nottingham Merriman

Dodge Craney Contoocook

Black Ponemnh Honey Mast

Table

Haven

Crawford Livermore Sugar

Table

Extent Administration Improvements

Recreation Reforestation Timber

Table Description

Reforestation

Improvement Table Co-operation Private Organization

Plan The

Necessity Table Summary National -Effective

State

6

Municipal

Public

‘A Reforestation

General Survey Financial

Yale Forest Table Forest Table Chestnut Conway Taxation The Forestry Society

Work

Forests

Christmas

Forest of

XIIL—Forest XIT——Plaatiag of

Subjeets

Reservations

Reservations

for

Forest Stntement

Common

Forestry

Work

Bark of

REPORT

Protection

School

Forest

Resources

Disease

at Tree

Lands Department

New

OF

Tract

Survey

Land

of

of

Record

Industry

FORESTRY

of

Society

Appalachian

Hampshire

N.

of

H.

1919

on New

for

Forests

COMMISSION

Private

and

Protection

Hãmpshire

College

Mountain

1920

Lands

of

Club

N.

H.

Page

69 67

70

68

83 80 74 87 84 88 85 81 70

80

89 for account To desire photographs, report and

welfare tion by Government, and looking had

dividuals Government, period branches; white The addition State partment educational public provement

studies The modified

His

the

which

Work deputies

of

individuals been

Forestry

to Excellency

Forestry

has

the

two of pine forests in

before. and

after

have of

during to the a the all

which carries forests

to namely, been

fiscal

matters larger

of private blister heretofore and

these that

work the

increased

towns, efforts conform the

Commission

a

forest and

Commission

are

the

The

the the shortened larger

has on towns,

of concerns years

amount forest

important

in rust forest

Governor interests reservations, relating brought

within New two forest REPORT.

of public lands,

been work

general

included

to expenses

number various ending

disease,

years public

interests

Hampshire

war fire

of the presents laws

suspended the

by and is serves

institutions

to and

together

9 in

cooperative divisions

protection, forets past

chiefly limits

forestry, needs

the forestry

the and in and August makes bureaus

of

of the acquisition

and

of the to

than publication

copies herewith management omission

Honorable list private

of

protect

the has and with

during divided appendix. reforestation. It

investigations the

its

of in

31, in and

cooperates of

is

work

control State. the

been

appropriations

fire printed

general. any

Forestry the

the

the

1920. institutions and

its private the

of the perpetua

Council:

wardens into

and

two with medium State

gradually Federal

report

and public care many

There

of

war

this

the On

year

four

with

the

De the in

and

im in

In

of

or 10 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

restored. The high cost of labor and materials has neces sitated some curtailment, as in planting and other im provement work on State lands and adjoining roadsides, improvements an(l new equipment for lookout stations, k increases in pay of regular employees of the Department, e(lucational work and lectures and fire warden confer ences. Every effort has been made to maintain funda mental lines of work and keep up the general efficiency of the Department. The past two years have been difficult and trying and it has been no easy task to main- tam efficiency under the adverse conditions aud with inadequate funds. Not a dollar of emergency funds has been used, however, (luring the past year. A favorable fire season for 1920 has left an unexpended balance from the fire fighting appropriation of over $3,000. It is with much regret that the Forestry Commission announces the resignation of Mr. F. C. Hirst, who has been tile State Forester since this position was created in 1909. Mr. Hirst left the Department on April 1, 1920, to engage in private business and Mr. John H. Foster was appointed by the Commission to succeed him. Mr. Foster is familiar with New Hampshire conditions and its forest problems and has made various investigations and reports within the State (luring tile past 12 years, parti cularly on the taxation of forest lands, and the marketing of white pine. He was for four years Professor of Fores try at the State College at Durham and since then for a number of years has been tile State Forester of Texas.

RECOMMENDATIONS. There is need for an increase in the appropriation of at least $10,000 for each of the next two years in order to continue on the present basis and in an effective manner the work now carried on in cooperation with other agen cies. Special appropriations are also needed for the pur out forests chase last

now

disposal divisional

costs dangerous operations

starting occurrence must

read done towns

non-productive. shows ahead. Stte the

before.

tional tion calling chiefly as purchases money program these

No

The

A

Acquisition

The

Somewhat

a

session

are

futtire

be

survey

and system to

by

amendments

is not of

on fire

measures. or

forest seriousness

1

Federal in

be considered, needed

contained

for We of of

charging to

a

3/4

he 8% the

lines, a

more

states points

put of new

agents such

tree to dangerous

REPORT

larger of

be should

large

of

lost

need of

million

policy the

recommendations

the

more fires

of

in

the

used of

by special

to

important planting

forest

fire.

Government

which sight

There General and

the

operation

the

appropriations scale

In a

the

in fort OF

protect such operators

to

of

forest

be

by particularly

new

for

acres detailed with

no

total

this

FORESTRY

a

expenses

the the

side

slash

of.

made forest nursery,

are better than

means

is

fire

state

operator

needs. forest

Court.

land

resources

white report forest a

area than of of Federal A

the

willing

in

great

protection

around

heretofore,

complete lumber

fire on if

forest

recommendations is is

distribution

cooperation

of

COMMISSION.

forests of

should

of

nursery

should in

the in

for

pine

now in

laws

alargcr and

patrol.

by problem Needed

fighting

special the

is

New

to

the funds

ways

has

subject land mills acquisition

roa(ls

Congress

responsible

enact

should blister

working State.

were

and statement

and

be be

judgment

in

and

Hampshire. now

to

changes

patrol to

in and

of

fires

of

with adopted.

sale

continued and anticipation

to such forest

of

be

made

for

reforestation prevent

fire rust carrying be

This

covered

the appropriate camps,

to

especially waste in out

than the

carrying

of

are carefully

measures

and

fighting

of

for

lumber

be should restora disease

at Federal of

survey

State

states,

a

work

given

used ever the the the

and the the

and 130 Na

11 on

DUt

of a

of

to

to

of

the

the

By the

and

any

to

that not,

land

from

equi farm

town

State

State forest

lands,

where

is all

of

joining

owners

body prevent

close

of

adminis

whether

the it

provided

lines the

particular endangers

the

to

for each

made While The

if

by

the

patrol.

their

be an

required

purposes

no

patrol

to

believed

or

that

in

owners.

upon available

protected and

is

authorizing

be private the decide

be

slash

disposal

is

patrol may for

being

material

the

to

spreading

boundary

well protect it

annually the

rests

needed.

requiring

laws

special

made

there

the

efforts

or

such

subject

of

to

should

from

patrol prevention.

provide be by should COMMISSION.

special

adequate

fire estimated

the

acre

owners

Service.

control

roads, satisfactory

to own is

or

is

patrol

each where reference

fire for

made this

cost

out

setting amount,

per

where

require land

It

of provision

needed

in inflammable

matter Fire

forest

should

the

their

State

the

to areas FORESTRY

Commission.

cent being responsibility

heads,

carry

special

the

ultimate

manner

such this

travelled

the

furnished OF

forest

provided

other State

patrol

maintain to

timberland

a

to the

the

Forest

one

himself

in

collect

the forest

locations

periods.

of

be

to

have

of

discussion

appropriation

through of

in

the

through

and

much

for

Under

and

paying proportionate REPORT

least

dry

of

special patrol

other

following

exemptions

and

so

Commission

required

State at protection

by

interest

should

its or

either

should

slash

owners

it

mills,

the

function

the

Decisions

be

of

or

to

amendment

lands particular

necessary

complete

source

the

property

during

hazard.

report.

association

direct

raise

An

Means not make

12

under

the

more

Forestry lumber camps,

fires. other other trative

fires

forest valent some by

funds private finance

to woodlots reasonable fire Forester should an necessary compulsory

patrol, Forester to

owner or to

extinguishing other shall

ized cause

districts striking of be

least and rates

rust

bushes the

supervision present

State’s quired

are must wild,

pine pine

to

bushes wind ately

An

Section

A

provide

All the

provided

It

The

the

State not pay

forest

be

total crews

is

amendment five

than

up stands of woods

be

currant

Forestry can

which

wherever

to believed

paid

at

blister

English eradicated total out

rate the

them growing to

to

destroyed

fire

6

has

cover

an

Control

of carry that

fire

at

not REPORT

in

of

20

so the

has by

setting

within

operators,

of

457,000

average

present

are

districts, contribution

forest

paid

and for

the the

that

agents years

rust

the

all more

provision Commission

that

the progress

been

the

black

found.

to

in

now

longer

forest

gooseberry eradication there

of OF

just

about operators,

the

in

remaining

of

disease the

spores

or

where the

open of

the

acres than

possible. one FORESTRY

cost of

order

such

currant

each State

growing

brush

and

age

or

next

will

forest

the

fire

periods

five

seven

Blister

which

This

cent

of

and

to four.

employees currant

to

have

fires as

proper should

to

in

may State. be

laws

Forester

ten 22.7

cents decisions

blister

greater bushes, fires

pine of

per

well

fire protect

COMMISSION.

which charge

great

exposed is

or

limits

within to

Rust

each

been years.

currant

Sufficient

divide

cents

should

also

eight acre

and

laws

regions

caused

per

expenses rest

be

as

destruction

rust

under distances.

both

year

is

of

Disease.

the of covered

much the

as

destroyed

acre.

gooseberry

true or

per

with

the places

the should

years

most

be

such a

and to

one

number

work.

pines.

by

of

cultivated and

district

acre

funds

the the

State

amended

of pine

loss

incurred

the

The

the

gooseberry

lumber

fifth

will

susccptible

operators

by

where

at

be probable any

direction

of

to

author

State. immedi to

into

should

regions

At

cost higher

blister

of bushes

made

which

be of

young

chief,

older

large

fire

and

the the 13 by

or

in

re

the

at

of

to

by

by

our

the

size

and

will

pur

acres

pine

large

more

State

funds

would

of

educa

paid

should

$50,000 produc

State

to

stations.

thrdugh

account

improve

checked

believed,

It

adjoining

and

however,

be

the

The

where

2,000

small

from

is

the

to

that

on

is

currant

their

forests

all

their

spend

to

destroyed.

performed

of

town

It

cutting tops

over

lower

and

somewhat

tracts

at

revenue

to

than

should

Forests.

direct

before.

be

pine

of

results,

with

disease

he

any

be

are

pines

established,

increase

purpose.

donated

to

mostly

to

ever

removing

may

Hampshire

tract

State

forests

rust

slower

acquire

to

white

selective

income

become

spread

mountain

COMMISSION.

taxation.

improvement.

this

for should

values

of

are

young been

need

than

ultimate

Hampshire

New

and

the

continued

our

and

already

not Boston.

State

on

work

for

and

much

order

has

press’(l

blister pine.

and

in

many

of

from

be

not

Care

of

as

forests

The

scale

hardships

where

he

in

forests

to

New

to

does

the

forests

do

FORESTRY care

State,

located

and

white

carried

for

of

will lands

sources

of

OF Goshen

planting

value

title

serious

should

State

went

State

larger avoid

of

diseased

they

eventually

the

purpose.

are

of

all

State

a

Pillsbury

sections

now

the

and

as

disease disease.

low

percentage

scattered

the

need

of

improvement

in

and E.

on

more

spread

this

that

of

REPORT

secure

of

value

in

when

report

bushes

from

the

progress

that

means

for

bark

the

stations

Acquisition

generally

present

also

its

certain

policy

widely

this

much

value

unreasonable

methods where

Albert

great exist

areas

by

a

certain

be

be

\Vashington

continued

Eventually,

pine

the

The

The

is

The

Because

Unless

Since lIon.

watchmen in

king,

should them

lookout

concentrated

areas

however,

rather withdrawal

tional

annually

not

be

them

chase

14

obtainable

gooseberry

of

to will

chestnut

become it REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. 15 the towns where they are located, as is now done with Federal revenue from the White Mountain National Forest.

Reforestation.

It is recommended that a new forest nursery capable of producing a million trees annually after the next three or four years be purchased at a cost of $8,000. Such a nursery should have enough suitable land to produce several million trees a year if they should he needed. The present nursery and farm should afterwards he sold. An amendment to the Reforestation Act of 1915 should ultimately he made by striking out the clause which limits the size of the areas which may be deeded to the State for reforestation purposes to 25 acres. This will not he necessary until the State is able to supply trees on a much larger scale than at present. Our future planting program should provide sufficient funds so that the State may reforest large areas of land, without immediate cost to the owners, by taking over such land and returning it later upon payment of the costs, as provided in the present Reforestation Act. Respectfully submitted,

XV. R. BRO\VN, GEO. B. LEIGHTON, HENRY W. ANDERSON, Forestry Commission. JOHN H. FOSTER, State Forester.

S 16 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

FOREST FIRE SERVICE

Organization. There has been no change in the forest fire laws since the last biennial report. Under the law the State may be divided into not to exceed four fire districts, each in charge of a district chief appointed by the State Forester. The district chiefs have supervision of the lookout stations and the town fire warden organizations, within their districts, and they act for the State Forester and with the town fire wardens in the work of inspecting spark arresters on portable mills, enforcing the slash disposal laws, and in all other forest fire matters. The four district chiefs are now employed only during the fire season. A large amount of supervision neces sarily has to be done by them during this period. The South district, which comprises most of the lower seven counties, cannot adequately be covered by one man. There should be at least two districts in southern New Hampshire and funds available to employ all district chiefs at a higher rate and during a longer period of the year. The State has been very fortunate in retaining the services of the same district chiefs for successive years. The North district is in charge of W. H. Morrison of Gorham who is also Secretary of the Timberland Owners Association. F. P. Allard of North Conway and W. M. Falconer of Milford are in charge respectively of the East and South districts. Early in 1920 the death of W. H. Langmaid of Haverhill in charge of the West district removed one of our most efficient and conscien tious workers. His place is being ably filled by Elmer E. Woodbury of Woodstock. It is increasingly hard, how ever, to keep this type of men permanently on this work unless they can be given more steady employment and adequate compensation.

0 I_. REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

A fire warden and one or more deputy wardens in each town are appointed by the State Forester upon the re commendation of the Selectmen. They are paid only when employed and the expense is shared by the towns and State. The chief duty of the wardens and deputies is to extinguish fires and to requisition the help neces sary to accomplish this purpose. The fire wardens are required to make reports of fires and handle the payrolls incident to the work of fighting fires and also to perform such other duties as inspecting portable mills, roadside slash disposal, posting fire notices, granting permits to burn brush, and acting as local town agents in all forest fire matters. The ability of wardens to perform extra and important service, in addition to actual fire fighting, is limited inasmuch as their pay must come from funds for use primarily in fighting fires. The efficiency for our fire service could be greatly increased by employing the regular fire wardens to a greater extent than at present. In addition to this regular fire organization there are 179 State highway patrolmen and 209 railroad section foremen appointed deputy wardens who aid substantially in reporting fires and the presence of roadside slash. The lookout stations are the agency for detecting forest fires. The watchmen report fires to the wardens or deputies. They are employed during the fire season and are paid jointly by the Federal Government under the Weeks Law and the State. There are 27 stations oper ated at present, in addition to one maintained entirely by the Government.

Fire Seasons of igig and igo. The fall of 1918 began with sufficient rainfall so that few fires were reported. There was little snow all winter and in the early spring of 1919 the woods were very dry and three fires were reported in February which is very unusual. At the close of the fiscal year on August 31, 18 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. the total number of fires reported was 308 and the average cost per fire amounted to $34.68. The fall of 1919 was also one of abundant rainfall and few fires were reported. Following the severe winter and heavy snowfall late in the spring of 1920 no fires were reported in February or March and the total for the year, exclusive of railroad fires, amounted to only 138 at an average cost of $25.07 per fire. During the early summer of 1920 several severe railroad fires oc curred in the eastern part of the State which burned large areas and destroyed valuable standing timber and lumber. With the railroad fires added the total number of fires and the acreage burned in 1920 were nearly the same as in 1919. The area burned each year was about one tenth of one percent of the forest land area of the State. Table I shows the number of fires by months, exclusive of railroad fires, while Table II gives the areas burned, damage and cost of fighting in each county during each of the years 1919 and 1920, for all fires handled by the town organizations and paid for by the towns and State. Table III is a statement of the railroad fire record for 1919 and 1920, excepting the costs of fighting which are paid by the railroads and are not known.

Table I. NUMBER OF FIRES BY MONTHS. (Exclusive of Railroad Fires.)

Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Ending August 31, 1919 Ending August 31, 1920

September 1918 8 September 1919 3 October 1918 ] October 1919 4 November 1918 2 November 1919 1 February 1919 3 February 1920 0 March 1919 14 March 1920 0 April 1919 78 April 1920 26 May 1919 63 May 1920 61 June 1919 35 June 1920 22 July 1919 43 July 1920 15 August 1919 66 August 1920 6 138 Total • 308 Total Table IL YEARS 1919 AND 1920. FIRE RECORD FOR FISCAL Organizations. Fires Handled by Town Total Aver. Coat Average Fighting Average Damage Cost for t’i Area Total Per Fire. u.5 Name No. Total Area Per Fire. Fighting. of County. PerFire. Damage. C Year. Fires. Burned. -I $358.70 $17.94 $30.00 $1.50 20.87 0 31 Acres 1.5 Ares 229.60 1919 20 86.00 7.82 132.45 40 3.6 841.73 3,443.73 Belknap 1920 ii 15.6 21,885.00 51.78 l 26 407 701.75 1,035.54 1919 56.9 14,035.00 20.31 Carroll 20 1137 250.00 7.35 690.61 1920 5.6 “ 300.76 18.80 84 191 900.00 56.25 1919 12,8 “ 676.19 32.20 Cheshire 1920 16 205 “ 385.00 18.33 24 1,1 546.26 45.52 1919 21 675.00 56.25 20.52 Coos 122 10.1 40.75 500.45 1920 12 6.3 815.00 32.37 20 127 75.71 226.60 () 1919 4.5 530.00 19.37 Grafton 7 32 171.66 1,162.09 1920 “ 10,300.00 18.25 400 •. 6.6 19.12 310.33 1919 60 325.00 58.69 Hhllaborough 94 5.5 129.82 1,643.33 1920 17 “ 3,635.00 20.16 992 35.4 30.00 423.37 1919 28 9.7 630.00 17.51 Merrimack 21 204 41.90 893.18 1920 “ 2,137.00 10.03 Ln 51 911 • 17.8 15.59 170.55 Bockiugham 1919 3.8 265.00 27.40 17 66 61.38 794.71 C 1920 13.1 1,780.00 17.85 29 380 • 125.00 25.00 89.23 z Strafford 1919 “ 27.30 5 16 3.2 3.68 518.74 1920 “ 70.00 10.67 39 “ 2.0 9.17 128.08 1919 19 “ 110.00 Sullivan 12 80 6.6 1920 $10,681.73 $34.68 $41,287.00 $134.05 3602 11.4, 128.12 3,460.32 25.07 1919 808 14.4 17,681.00 Totals for State. 1920 138 1996 20 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

Table IlL RAILROAD FIRE RECORD FOR FISCAL YEARS 1919 AND 1920.

Total Average Average No. Area Area Total Damage Year. Firea. Burned. Per Fire. Damage. Per Fire.

1919 296 662 A. 1.9 A. 2,860.0O $9.69 1920 i6 2,106 A. 6.1 A. 87,479.00 90.09

Causes of Fire. Table IV shows the causes of damage by fires during the past two years. It will be noted that, next to the 40 percent caused by the railroads, over 26 percent were the result of persons tramping in the woods, such as hunters, fishermen, berry pickers, and choppers, and 14 percent were due to burning brush, grass and rubbish. While the danger from these sources was greater than from any other, the causes are found to vary consider ably from year to year. It is a notable fact that boys and other people who frequent woods from towns and cities picking May- flowers and berries are one of the most serious causes of our frequent forest fires particularly in southern New Hampshire. Such persons often have no knowledge of woods conditions and feel no responsibility for the damage to property and the expense they cause to the towns and the state in fighting fires. Real woodsmen, hunters and fishermen are usually more careful to guard against fires. Careless wood choppers, many of whom today have had little experience in woods work, fre ,, I quently start fires near where they are working. Persons burning brush and rubbish in the spring too often let fire get away from them or burn without a permit from the fire warden and contrary to law. Persons traveling in automobiles start many fires by throwing lighted cigarettes cook the the woods.

so in fires of years.

responsible arrester

‘.

MECHANICAL HUMAN

NATURAL

This

$28.69. until

1918

years

all dangerous

In origin

increase

Portable

Burning Railroads Wood meals Miscellaneous Unknown Burning incendiary

Lightning may

fires,

1911,

in

cost

the

CAUSES

Flower

This

CAUSES: There

requirements past

start. and

1916

CAUSES:

For of

Travelers, beside

Brush,

caused REPORT

Mills

Buildings

average was for

Two

the

fires CAUSES:

and

been

as

may matches and

the

the is

this

average

OF to

Cause, Years Sparks Grass

steadily

the

no

to

Berry

is

Cost OF past responsible only

average

throw

be

Campers,

DAMAGE

reduction.

roadsides.

type

costs responsible

road

FORESTRY

and

of

Ending

into

Pickers partly

of

I two

one

Table

from

the

cost

Rubbish

reduced

of

away and

Fire

respectively

the

cost

percent

Hunters, years law

carelessness

per August portable

IV.

BY

it

for

accidental

COMMISSION.

Fighting. litter

lighted Cigarette

is

was

undoubtedly

for

fire

FOREST as

in often

the

during

Fishermen, 31, many or

$39.16.

many the

amounted

mills,

average

cigarettes building

possible

were 1920.

so

years

but

smoking

FIRES. as

the

fires

general

which

In are

25

the

$21.45 of Percentage

to

costs

past

following,

to

to

100.0%

40%

Damage fires

1917 percent 26.6% 14%

17.2%

largely in

1%

Total.

where

.5% .1%

.5% spark trace is

$53.47.

have

and

two

the

have

21 on

to

and and

do

of

to

In

are

the

act

not

the

un

and

1919

fires

how

each

them

large

them

nearly

and

is

equip

higher

a

percent

damage

In

percent.

number

rule

property

majority

stations

they

constant

meet

$2,283.90.

consider

done.

reach a

help

40

constantly

81

A

the

was

handled

shows

a

the

fires

slash

as judgment

tools,

be

fighting

amount

fighting

years,

wardens

wardens

was

in

V

fires.

of

and

for

are

in

are

rather

before about

of

are

This

the

for

of

trucks

done.

are

Lookout adjoining

cost

necessary

the

few

equal

Better

should

fighting balances

burn

The

frequently

a

Table

cost

and

the

Fires

percent

fires

which

the

previous

State an

of

fighters

in

by

much. appointed,

COMMISSION.

fires,

75

of

matters

and

in

over

headway

damage

work

duties.

out

responsible

1920

chiefs

the

for

endanger

only

a

cost

reasons.

experience

of

for

Fire

organizations

As

in

Damage.

to

fires

formerly.

such

total

shown

newly

caused

extinguish

years,

these

their

fighters.

the

were

which

rule

may

fire

of

the

and

to

great

FORESTRY respectively.

putting

as

automobiles

the

Fire

a counts

in all

district

cost

fire

two fires.

than

how was

with

several those

OF

fires

so

to

they

for

as

approximately

of

by

town

that

past

to

using responsible

$25.07 total

time

Upon

notification

number

but

responsible.

through

efficiency

gain

damage

warden

$5,507.99

is

the

three

paid

the

by

decrease railroad

damage

REPORT expensive

the

and

familiar

due

in

the

it

to

relation

to

were

employ

facilities

fire

especially to

for

received

the

1920

total

and

quick

shorter

effect

fires

knowledge

words

1919

damage,

towns

and

little

fires

of

due

in

measure

in

$34.68

now

notable

town

the

become

The

In

men

amounted year.

The

of little

bear

However,

and

four

part

was

$100,000

to

important

extinguished. wardens,

the

permitted

22 better increasing

other

better pay

able

fires

ment

enable

doubtedly

of

promptly,

and been of was

1,000

from

1920, cost extinguish

TOTAL

where land

lumber considering

analysis twelve

of

area growth

great

In

These

Year.

1919 800 Totala

1920

$1,334.77.

land

two

acres

with chiefly

addition Area

burned

fires

Woodlands

Merchantable Second Fields

value.

years FOREST acres

slash

fires burned: of land.

figures

was

REPORT

a in

Burned

all

start,

burn

total

in

shows Madison. in

and

in

to

has and

ENDING

the

a

The growth

What

Railroad $40,339.00

connection Hooksett $2,860.00 37,479.00

Fires.

Conway,

FIRE ascertaining fire

over.

show

OF

it the

of

been pastures areas

recently

in

the largest

is

FORESTRY

in

$28,900.

fire

timber

direction

Different

important

AUGUST

not DA1’!AGE,

that Table

The

following

recently Hart’s

reported The

hazards

one

and

yet

single

about following

with

cut

V.

greatest as

COMMISSION.

$41,287.00

$58,968.00

in

Causes.

Other in

17,681.00 The

Location

merchantable fires

31.

far Types

over

cut

burned to 1919

percentage

TWO 1920

connected

a

two area

1920.

as know

most

may

later

over

statement

damage

and

possible

thirds the

burned

of

FISCAL

over

in

take

expensive

what

or

Growth.

the discussion

largest

1919

with

$44,147.00 Damages. of

$99,307.00

55,16000

was of

in

Total

after

31.2

21.7 35.4 11.7 other resulted

each in

how

is types

the the YEARS

which

it.

1919 worth

second

was

start-

kind 23

past total and

to in

An

of

of a

of

for be

fire

are

and the

the

this

De

fires

from two

slash

pur

for

of

danger

to

beyond certain

or

of

Pails

year.

will

they

tools imps

purchase

past

most

is

into

wholesale

consist

P

Since

the under

importance

of have

to

at

used

of

the

Rakes timber

conditions

consent

land and

Canvas

the where

spread

which

and

fields coming

present.

Sprayers

kind has

cost.

Axes Department

tools

towns

the Forester

felt at

Hoes

Road

Towns

the

the

distribution

during

center

tools

tools

open the

right

the $976.57

cutover

control

Stations.

long

COMMISSION. with

for

than

Tools.

the

Collapsible

Socket Heavy Mattocks

Handled Lanterns Double Knapsack

such

appropriation the

to year

by

securing

during

from

purchase 4 3

surrounding

33 has 38 18

38 20 merchantable 21

notice. menace

less

in

Department towns

or

years,

That

with maintained

easy

recently the

and

fiscal

additional

far

into

Lookout

having

the

the FORESTRY

towns

Fighting

slash

short

fighting

of

aided

two

has of ordered

‘

equipment

last

to

OF

a

stations:

and

wind

slash growth

on

cost

Fire

fire

Pails

around and

timber

the

Round- Round-

past

been

Department

and

equipped

tools

the

fires its

Council,

worth

Trailers

of

use

Mountaii

percent

from

and have Iron REPORT

Shovels the

Shovels

determined.

owns

second

years

comparatively

in

Without

50

and

for

tools

following being

upon

from

1919,

distributed

Handled

close

Handled

forest

be

For

of

is

Boxes

$2,000

be

Forestry

at

into

State

the

Pointed

the Pointed

whether

following:

Automobile Long Short

Extinguishers Galvanized

Tool merchantable

towns

The

At

The

4

2

24

57

73

slash ing,

cannot depends dispute. danger

to cember, would

fighting

of available

Governor number prices. standard balances

towns arrangement

the 156

185

chased similarly

years Deer Sugar

Pine Black

Carrigain

Israel

earsarge

Agassiz Osceola

Smarts Croydon

Belknap Uncanoonuc Jeremy Pitcher

gency area tained one

to erected National and tain past watchman erecting

Mountain

Mountain

Mountain

Mountain

The

In

Noarn

EAST

the

SOUTh

or

increases protected

Visv

year.

Loaf

Forest

the

summit

and

stations,

Hill

Crotched

two DISTRICT:

at

Dismic’r:

this

DISTIUcT:

(N.)

Forest.

South

/ D

operated

REPORT cabin the

The

other

‘URi(

Association

Pittsburg

Gorham Chatham Lincoln Stratford (ainbridge

Sandwich

Lyme Livermore Bethlehem

tower Stoddard Croydon Goffstown Gilford

Peiham

the

by

of

Town

Livermore

Town

Town Croydon

Waterville

Town

but

1’

station district

was

Mountain Croydon

it

:

value

OF

secondary

is

by

and

have

&

FORESTRY

completed,

largely

the &

on

of

station a

in -

has

not Mountain.

the 17 U.

Signal

{agalloway Cabot

Carter Rosebrook Shaw

Chocorua

rebuilding Black

station Kearsarge

Monadnock Blue Pawtuckaway

Stinson

Mountain

Mountain

within Mountain

stations

Mountain

S. foot

shared

been COMMISSION.

station.

which

Job the Forest

Dome

steel

in

operated

the

tower

I

At

in are

the

Francestown

extends

Service The White

tower

Jeremy

has the

Milisfield

Carlisle

Kilkenny Bethlehem

doultonboro Albany

Benton Rumney

Warner

Nottingham kept Jaifrey Farmington

telephone

put

Town

Webster

Town

Town

Town

Blue

been

expense during

Mountain in

has

as since the

Hill &

general

Moun

main emer

view been

and

line the 25 the

the

of 26 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. condition for operation and a well dug to supply drinking water. The platform on the tower at the Uncanoonuc station has been enlarged so that the map has a permanent mounting and is more available for immediate use. In the East district a new tower was erected on Mount Rosebrook and new cabins on Mounts Carrigain and Kearsarge (North). The cabin on Carrigain is built of logs, while the one on Kearsarge (North) has a tower on top which makes a serviceable and convenient combina tion for the watchman. In the North district, a new tower on Dix’s Peak and a trail and telephone line to the statidn were recently constructed in cooperation with the Dixville Notch Hotel Corporation. This station will be operated another season. On Deer and Signal Mountains the towers have been enclosed and a watchman cabin built on the peak of Sugar Loaf Mountain. A new metallic telephone line has been constructed to Pine Mountain. In the West district no improvements have been carried on except to paint the towers, keep the trails open and maintain the telephone lines in as good condition as possible. Another year several new cabins will have to be constructed to replace those which were first built and a number of the telephone lines are in need of improve ment in construction. It is most essential that telephone lines are in good working condition at all times as the value of any station depends upon the assurance of the line being in order. The Department has been unable through lack of funds to carry on all improvement work necessary to keep the stations and their equipment in suitable condition. The Federal government cooperates with the State in paying the services of the watchman. The cost of im provements and upkeep, is borne by the State. New Hampshire receives the benefit of lookout service from stations close to the State line in Massachusetts, Ver mont

private owners

plies

It from lookout some

watchmen that than certain

ported control the

watchmen.

timber important

Country. year acreage holdings New

acreage

Table

is

The

Date. wardens

1919 1920

a

appears parties

and felt

Hampshire and

of

and

larger

from of

parties fires

owners

special and

stations.

VI

FIRES

the

owned

tax

that

equipment land

have

Maine.

during

The

has

REPORT

safeguards

shows

reported two District.

authorized who

which North

in

stations. number

is

even to

in

been Association

39 34

in

patrol somewhat the

REPORTED

Timberland

assessed

by

stations.

cut

are

establishing

each

northern

OF

Cooperation

the

reports are

its

more

taken

poles

to

benefited

FORESTRY by

of District.

furnished East

members against

number

of

not Permission Table

by

45 points

17

fires

the

each Patrol.

assistance

the

and

Very

decreased

over

Owners the

of

was

New

first

BY

stations

VI.

is

the

District.

last

COMMISSION. use by year

and

adjacent

West fire forest

THE

organized of reported

has

by

reported few

60 44

has Hampshire

by

wardens

the

teams

Association.

two fires

wardens helping the

is

against

been’

fires LOOKOUTS.

should

proved

varied

this

since

service

fires

often

District. Government. years.

reported

South

to

by in

177 120

are

by

Association in

secured

indicates

the

in

hauling

part

to

the

from

be the

is

granted

to or

1911

the

handled from

the

one

maintain

The be

stations.

were received

members

stations

lookout

of

by

and

‘7otal.

year

under

215

321

these

from

North

of

sup

that

fact their

the

by

27

re

the by

the

An

of

to r.

28 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. to take care of the necessary patrol and other expenses. In 1919, 739,264 acres constituted the holdings of the Association and a tax of three fourths of a cent per acre was levied on the members. In 1920, the acreage was in creased to 815,770 and the tax was also increased to one cent per acre. Approximately 83% of the funds raised are used for actual patrol while the balance pays for general overhead, chiefly for the services in part of the secretary, W. H. Morrison, Gorham, N. H., who is also district chief for the State in charge of fire prevention for the North district.

Town and State Patrol. Under the forest laws the State Forester may instruct fire wardens to patrol areas in their towns when neces sary during dry periods. State funds, however, are not large enough to begin to take care of any amount of patrol work. The State patrols the Crawford Notch reservation and fire wardens near cities sometimes patrol on holidays when many people are in the woods or where berry picking is extensive. In order to make such patrol possible on a larger scale and save much fire fighting expense and damage, some means not now established should be determined for raising the necessary funds.

Other Patrol Agencies. The State road patrolmen are appointed deputy wardens through cooperation with the Highway Depart ment. They caution highway tourists about fires, and render valuable service in enforcing the roadside slash law along the sections they patrol. There are at present 179 of these patrolmen holding deputy appointments. There are 209 railroad section foremen who also hold appointments as deputy forest fire wardens. They are instructed both by the State and railroad companies to be constantly on the lookout for fires and to patrol REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. 29 dangerous sections during dry weather. Since the rail roads pay the cost of fighting fires which Start from the railroads there is no lack of effort on the part of the rail roads to see that their foremen do efficient work. Rural mail carriers through cooperation with the Post Office Department and the U. S. Department of Agricul ture are required to report fires to the nearest warden or deputy, but since no special duties or reports of slash can be required of them much valuable patrol service is of course lost. Game wardens under the Fish and Game Department are in a position during the fishing and hunting season to render much service to the State in fire prevention and by extinguishing incipient fires.

Cooperation with the U. S. Forest Service. Under the Weeks Law first passed by Congress in 1911 annual appropriations have been made by Congress each year for coOperation with the states in fire prevention. The amount available to New Hampshire has, however, been decreased from $6,500 in 1918, to $5,500 in 1919, and $5,800 in 1920. The Federal funds are used exclusively to pay for services of lookout watchmen under the direction of the State Forester. The reduction in Federal allot ment has been due to the fact that the appropriation of Congress has increased very little, while the benefit of coOperation has been gradually extended to a larger number of states. There is every expectation that the National forest policy in regard to state coOperation will very soon be changed in a way to give much greater as sistance to states in fire protection.

Spark Arresters on Portable Mills. Portable steam sawmill operators are required by law to use a spark arrester approved by the State Forester. 30 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

There is no question but the law has largely reduced the number of fires caused by sparks from such mills. It is very difficult, however, to keep in touch with the location of mills due to their frequent changes of location within a town and from one town to another. While operators- for the most part conform to the law as regards using a suitable spark arrester, there are many who do not notify the fire warden when they move from one place to another within a town or notify the State Forester when they move to another town. Consequently the district chiefs and the fire wardens are constantly finding mills in operation for which permits have not been renewed, al though the spark arresters may be in satisfactory con dition. The requirements of the State Forester are fully ex plained in a special circular sent to operators kipon application for permits. In general, the requirements call for a one eighth inch wire mesh where direct vent and no deflecting device is used and a three sixteenths inch mesh where indirect vent and inverted cone defiectors are installed. ‘When the wire is not sufficiently heavy it quickly burns out and if the Operator does not renew these screens from time to time the conditions may be unsatisfactory and not come to the attention of the fire wardens or district chiefs for some time. The law is satisfactory and could be efficiently enforced if the district chiefs were able to keep in closer touch with fire wardens and mill operators and more frequent inspections could he made. In order to establish a still further check on the operations of portable mills and place the responsibility for the condition of the stacks more directly upon the operator it would be a good plan to license operators and require them to pay a nominal fee in order to operate. In 1917, approximately 100 portable sawmills were re ported in the State. At the present time permits have c

49

cleaning mill been

prevent

public slash

and

was of

generally

unjust

is property trees slash wood,

carrying only

disposal

warden

that Months

and

ator

able fore cleared

Forestry although is

The

Four

were The

the

a

particularly

where

along

also approved tendency

unfrequented.

may

a

a

difficulty

on

the until law

away

clearance highways

and

report

if

feeble

operation granted fires

years

up

up.

or

may until

out

land

lines

made

any,

have

highways Department successful. delays

authorizing

situation necessary

REPORT

the

of

after

district

from

the

In from

is attempt

ago

elapse

after slash

on Disposal

for of

adjacent

and

has

protective

sold

annoying

at

for

made

no

strip

requirements

were

in

an

abutting

the

portable

OF

of

the

the

that

instance

delay

the

certain and

the been

the

for

chief

from

operation When

may

after is

FORESTRY

the

part along

if

at

the operation

changed

requirements

to

Compliance

an

first case

of

land

a

time

the

to

not

disposal

follow because

cut.

secure

benefits

20 distance

Lumber slash to

the owners. not

State

excellent mills.

of

cases

the

railroad

locality

has

railroads

has

time

or

to

requiring

the

towards

operators

of

COMMISSION.

operation

is

moved come

Those

case

by

25

it

before been

Forester

disposal

unfortunately the of

compliance

completed

in

much or

State

are

been

of

feet.

Slash.

increasing

with

134

happens

measure

is 1920.

law

rights delaying

for

reported

100 from

to

very

away

who

reported

or

the

impossible

operators

of

mills;

not

Forester,

is do

the

An

the

their

to

feet

law

the

parallel

slash completed great.

40

so

of

try

and

to

and

to

with require

amendment

clearing

tending

law

all

the

to

from

by

slash by

of

persist.

way

has

he move

attention.

the

to

consider

is

the

work

60

making

these,

the

the

to

remote hoping

width is

There

for

finally

avoid

been with

any

oper

could

feet

and the

fuel

fell

31

not

the

to fire

law

of

be

the

of

It

I,

to

of

of

its

in of

re

are

see

the

ap

such

from

from

from

acent

along

along assess for

is

are

towns

unfre

when

agents,

lumber

of

section

August

against

and

it

land

ad]

progress

difficulty

spread

free

on

danger

as

highways,

dispose

the

lines

and

feet

unfamiliar

away

in

of

slash

and is

road

no

60

policy

is are

the

the

lines

the

amendment

of

and

dtiring

action

dispose

Department

because

is

of days,

Towns.

while

now

trees responsibility.

the to

patrolmen

the

danger

responsible

the

to

cut

objectionable

wherever

is

they

true

30

owners later

-

by

cause

be

expired

the

are property

course

legal

by

is

fire

to

of

their

road

A

strips

them,

are

of

There over

operation

required

that

has

and

This of

will

cut

Forestry

COMMISSION.

may

enforcement

parties

damage

by

take

it This

Brush

removal

felling

the

are Forester

see

avoid

in

times,

period

where

to

the

limit

which

places

by

to

abutting

a

to

and

operators

source

other

passing made

brush

cause

of

which

clearance

or

a

while

is State

towns

delay or

other

operators

FORESTRY

on

standpoint.

railroads.

requires

few these

place

the

cQmplaints. Roadside

at

trying

the

slash

OF

within

promptly.

reported

in

of

brush law,

which

sixty-day

great

highways

public

of

for

or

first moved

concern

are

is

towns

the

slash

as

Very

is the

and

the

artistic

greatest and

done

roadsides Lumber

make

way

continually

cases

the

requirements

maintaining

for

State

REPORT

the

or

they

of

bushes

in

slash

not

the

in

the

often

after

are

to

slash

The

Department

authorizes

Cutting

law

roads

the

slash

Under

if

travelling

principal

is

fires.

to

that

regards

less.

and

of

owners

new

September,

the

responsible

that

cost

law

is

rights

highway.

the

report

it

avoided

material

The

As

brush,

removal.

the

slash.

a the

responsible or

and

trees

are which

foremen lating forest

lumber

fire

quented

charge.

32

or

to most

whatever

land the

Forestry

ever

parent

the offenders

with be REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. 33

It is no easy task for towns to cut and dispose of all bushes within the limits of the highways each year. The cost is prohibitive and the result is that bushes grow to considerable size before the towns undertake to remove them. The difficulty of entirely disposing of them later is therefore increased. In the judgment of the State

•Forester it is most unnecessary and undesirable to cut all bushes back to the extreme limits of the highways, except where they may obstruct the view ahead. In stead, the bushes should be well cleared back from the ditches, but beyond the point necessary to accomplish this, there is little fire preventive or other reason why all the bushes should be cut. Efforts should be made to trim up desirable young tI ces growing beside the roads and thin out heavy clumps of bushes, leaving the straighter and more desirable ones to grow. This practice would tend to secure well formed trees all along but well back from the roads, shade out the sprouts and growth starting afterwards, and greatly reduce the cost of roadside work. All cut bushes should be disposed of at once, preferably by burning, and not be allowed to remain within 25 feet of the road. Green bushes, especially well trimmed young trees, are a protec tion rather than a menace and they improve the general appearance. Selectmen and road agents of towns are urged to conform to this practice and not attempt to cut all bushes to the highway line and thus cause an unsightly appearance, unnecessary expense and, if they do not immediately dispose of the cut bushes, also cause a fire hazard. Towns which leave large quantities of dry bushes along the roads are guilty of creating as dangerous a fire con dition as any operator leaving lumber slash and they violate the roadside slash law equally as much. While town officers may exercise their discretion about cutting bushes, they must dispose of the slash caused by the

a

to

of

to

by

or

for

The

the

ex

bear

area

rail

this

paid

This

State

were

spend

prop

that

would

to

patrol

lookout

towns owners

of

percent

system.

in

Patrol

acre

means

of

about

much

to

National

of

the

for

State

warden

year

acre.

cost

forest

funds annually

that

one

should

the

per

law

Gbvernment

which

of

feeling

of

per

the

the

The

present

the

past

Special

town

means

exclusive

the

brought

cost satisfactory.

insist the

alone

timberland

Owners

protection

is

Mountain

having

the

and

the

by

is

Work.

to

the

protection,

and

cents

Federal

forests

spending

land,

with

the

will

unreasonable annually,

It

the

not

upon

This

State

twentieth

the

fires

what

the

hazards

COMMISSION.

and

in

be

now

White

for

annually.

during

tenths

acre

by

is

If

rest

reasonably

one

the

through

The

conform

are

Disposal

not

the

together

Timberland

Protective

know

additional of

per

acres

two

Measures.

and

expenditures,

indeed

we

only

to

Government

fires

Commission detecting

FORESTRY

the

costing

service

should

for

and

$49,586.12.

value.

Fire

Slash

fighting,

expenditure.

more.

of

would

parties

cents

fire

OF

for

protection

is

of

amount

of

and

fire

because

It

or

one

fire

pay

private

protecting

4,119,744

this

amount

efficient

interest

fire

is

great

fighting

from

our

three

Forestry

total

for

is

of

is

Future

to

of

Cost

of

This

REPORT

work

a

operations.

private

of

for

$100,000,000

other

and

small needed

be

Exclusive

for

value.

such

The

as

them

even

machinery

part

protection

is

responsibility

$100,000,

State

towns

a

make

and

of

or

very

may

worth

protection

lookout

their

Our

the

fire the

Need

well

a

It

weakness

stations

ganizations

mean

larger

only

which lumbering

erty

themselves

of

is two

road

protect

work

re

fire

Forest.

of

Government

by

for

34 penditures $32,406.37.

of

as regard. cutting.

is

them

be

several

on preventing

cost

employees. fires

which

seems territory to greatly

for feet

many

should Having

for

property not

buildings,

woods tion and prevent

camps

to

logging is

buildings

do

authorities.

the

Some Many

Situations

mention

the

removed,

a

not

taking

protected

alone

fire

of

the

is

large

recognized

to

during

removal

other

fire

started

reasonable

occur.

pay

and

given

during

fires

reduced.

a

caused

many

guard

operating

roads fighting,

State

examples

may

and

belonging

lumber

and every

danger

standing

scale,

the

the

works,

fires.

REPORT

When

have

adjoining.

In

great

arise

dry

as

in

were

of

the

occur.

of

Other dry

well

and

about

bills.

the

against

damage

one

unknown,

possible

the

burned

the

by

unusual

weather.

and

occurred

that

it

camp

where

companies

periods, expense

prohibit

a fires fire

Since

can

OF

towns

cleaned

timber

undoubtedly

to

instance

seems

vicinity

dry

fires

operators the

trails

keep

the

FORESTRY

the

fires,

expenses

to

to be

and

The

over

period

inflammable

precaution

from

fire

fire

the

operators

large

start,

owners property.

but

within

the

given

post

for

and

only

smoking

and

up,

If

of

burned

take

danger the

employ

hundreds hazards

wardens

close

areas

they the

allow

starting.

fighting

occurs,

active

with

COMMISSION.

other

involving

sums

principal

notices

fair

due

fire

to

a

and

of

every

dangerous

to

period

started

be

about

slash of

of

over

the

show

the

material

from

The

that

started

patrol

logging

or

to

valuable

to

prevent

unless

damage

made

of

employees

and

fires

this

calling

possible

premises,

actual

Fire

result

extinguish,

carelessness

large

logging

to

cause

225

acres

the

the of

fire

the

in

other

remain

about

and

the

responsible fiscal

a

within

prevention

places

is

operations

camps

lumbering

such

acres.

is operators

property, few

that

need

patrol

attention

expenses

left

may

and

of

menace

precau

loss

known

but

in

roads,

these

town

fires.

their

days

year

near

near

fires

will

can

and

200

not

for

the

be

35

of

to

of

to It 36 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. take no apparent interest to prevent fires from starting and when serious fires occur as they are sure to do iii time, turn over their men to fight the fires and the expenses are chargeable to the State and towns. Dangerous slash left adjacent to valuable property of another or near camps, well travelled trails and logging roads, or in other places where fires are likely to start should be considered a public menace not to be permitted. Authority should be given the State Forester to declare such dangerous slash to be a nuisance and to require the abatement of it as has been done in Pennsylvania, Wash ington, Oregon and California. Where the fire danger is great but where actual dis posal of the slash would be unreasonable, as in logged over territory or forest land in general during dry periods, special patrol measures should be undertaken. It is. cheaper to pay a patrolman for a whole season or several seasons than to bear the cost of fighting one bad fire, not counting the damage to the land. It would not be un reasonable to provide for isolating large areas of inflam mable slash after logging operations are completed, pro hibit hunting and fishing and patrol such areas for a number of years during which time the danger from fire is greatest. It is estimated that the equivalent of at least one cent per acre for all the forest lands of the State should be made available annually from some source for the special patrol needed. The question arises as to who should pay for this patrol. If the State should pay for it, a very much larger aipropriation is needed than has ever before been appro priated for fire prevention. It is not reasonable that the State should bearthis burden of expense. In Maine the State levies a special tax of one cent per acre upon land owners in the wild land district to pay for fire protection. Unfortunately, the measure would not be constitutional in this State. to special The would organizations. for possible

would chiefly would confined

owners selves

own

to timberland

all a of enclosed owner whether

ing adequate laws protection. patrol against for cost the ognize to year five

New

A

legitimate

one

some

patrol

owners have

maintaining

with

amount

patrol.

third

special land

cents

from

pays

the

be

in

patrol

cent

give

law not

may

Hampshire

responsible

of

a

fire

extent

a

to

been

largest

fire

or other

land

as

and

maximum

is

State

the method forest

system

one is per

encourage

and

per

and

owners

REPORT

good patrol

is

not

is most would

patrol.

price Both Under

fund

founded

protection.

if

owner.

containing adequately considered

now

acre,

half owners

in

acre

It

that

by

it

in Forester the

the land

results,

other each

important. is

the

to his

would of

would

towns

OF

might

the

not

for of the done

the in

protection of for not,

all

pay

force

The upon patrol

to

own FORESTRY

Oregon

private

The forest

case

or

year,

general

five

forest be

dangerous

provisions

owners states. all

provide

he

in

necessary

inflammable mostly

be

for

else

has

protected but

be require

burdensome

land

owner

the

Vermont

the

Oregon

a can necessary cents

the

for by

land

special

fire workable

fire

pay

ultimate the

This

and

owners

principle

public, forest

furnished

COMMISSION.

make independently

The should the

amount

the

forested adequate

per expenses, occurs.

the

or each

of expense

Washington of

slash by

method and

during

regular

patrol. State

law

Oregon

to

the

it

unoccupied lands

acre

material

State

half

it

to to

to

control

share

town

so

that

Washington

and those

to

works

is

where

conditions.

by

Oregon

interest

any

give

patrol

to

and

This

per

be

the

could

necessary

the

in

for

not

would

if fire

Under

elastic an

compulsory

require

in equivalent to

or who

the protection town

shown collect

owners

annum

providing

preceding indirectly to

laws

adequate to the

act

owner

the

raise warden of

by

not

law

or

town.

them exceed

decide

make

were

need

their

these

tends

join

and and

cost

and

rec

the

3

Un

for not the

be

an

It

of

as a

is a

is

in to

of to

by

the for

the

and

of

fires

their

avoid

State small as

lands.

mem

either

forest

where

are

means

Hamp

require

exemp exemp

cost

or

to

There

be

work.

upon

or liable

the

or provisions

difficulties

provisions

caused

their

prevention.

incidentally to

owners

the

fourths serious

objection

be New

what

should

distribute

order

decision the

are

rests

fire

The of

and sufficient

in

authorized

operations only

and

most

operators three

protect in

reasonable

method

willing

State

protective

protected

private

charge should

comparatively fires

has

of to

employees, operations. the

on

the

fighting.

The

of

fair

lands

to

not

the

with

COMMISSION.

and

The

enforcing

of

well

administrative

operators,

determining

fire

members

logging

of State

himself

with

when

towns

their

are

in

Association

patrol

of in

their

stimulated. are

are

some

its responsibility

logging the

or State

Association

tax.

the

State

owners

some

exists.

rest

and

that

is and

who

to

if by Association

where

of

the

carelessness

FORESTRY

to

this

the

interest

that

These

special empowered

their

which active

the

whole

OF protect

Owners

inspection by

of

State

against

expenses

to difficulty

hazard

fires

to

in State.

others

be

to

operators

patrol

allowed owners the

owners

believed

and the

number

of the

land.

areas

stated

territory

overcome fire work fires

belonging

not

the

to

be

around

of between

is

REPORT

all such

is caused

town’s

owner

furnishes in

of

be

other

why

the

It

subject

of

large should

owners

been

lands

and

such

forest

the

acres forest

a

or

Timberland

apply

can

owners

now

in

should

of

and

among over

of

has

method

compulsory

agents expense

cause

supervision

particular

reason

cause

The

It

38

other

shire

By

to sharing take million bers cost tions protects Cooperation

timberland

associations tion should no

against areas for Forester this which employees the no occur progress. lumber fighting fire the CONTROL

distributed our inaugurated shire.

new

does spreading control, previously cently

also than this tinued

supposed but prove rust

guarantee

removal successfully bushes, from years Hampshire effectively

‘rhe

There

native

areas

serious

also

serves

has

was not

white pine Since

conclusively

has and

discovered

but

since

is

of

to

not

of

necessarily

to first

so

that

examined,

throughout

but

white REPORT

and OF to

proved increased to to menace

wild

infection 1916,

prevent

rather,

Forestry pine

check

be—from

been rapidly

these

determine

pine. emphasize

one

thought

it

THE

at

and

will

the

blister

pine,

OF

a

known

turned that

that the have

plants in.

since

reasonable

its Introduction.

have it year WHITE FORESTRY

The

cultivated

endeavor not

Department as indicate

localities

the

this shows

is

spread to

infection

entry

the

these rust,

to

the appear

the

been and when

been

now are work

up pine

be

disease. extent

become

necessity

majority

proved

in a a the the into

PINE COMMISSION.

bushes that

cost. found of

to

where known

investigations regions

much

currants

found serious

carried

eventually.

a

is

carriers

the case.

control

during

of

regions

community

absent,

the

eventually

BLISTER

measure each

this

The

wider

it

rust;

can

of of

to

in

of

bark

has

on

blister

This and

disease,

the not outbreaks of season. the

be

New

fact

regions

still

be nor

by

namely, distribution

been

this

disease

gooseberry

were

which

generally

past

only

spread

condition

destroyed

does

the is

that

free—or

Hamp RUST beyond rust

disease

found,

many

it

This

first

three

con

New

not

39 will any

not the re

the of

is

of of

on

irn

re

out

of out the for of so The

Plant

of with

year

from from ago,

Perley prev pines, to these trees where goose-

79

many

rust

of,

notice

Forestry twelve

feet of

crop

in

conducted

the

is Pathology. At the

Dr. year

trunks gooseberry and Pines. State. from the, as

bushes, capable

to

white a the

to

towns

ranged

sight

of or

distribution During

attempt by reported the

on as

several

plantation with all

Bureau

bushes fully found areas

of

acres. growth

Forest conjunction a White lost the

period

1916,

living

bound currant is currant

were

a

in

1919. that in

the

on of

the

of

is

found

not been as currants Agriculture,

COMMISSION. and presence

Marlow

discovered

on

it

summer regions

and

infected rust

systematic of on brief pines

remain.

hundred Rust with

the disease of knowledge

was practically

been

long

Office have others of gooseberry

determine

as green to thus

that cultivated the pine past

observed

In in

summer first only 1918, the

as

this to

in

carried

FORESTRY white of

and

town the since pines the

and

Blister several

pines

was

the

areas

OF pines,

and on

that

indicated of 1917, Federal to was on

pines

dying; has the

Department wild

cooperation

permitted of

it attacks observed

or damage

currant during

in the

many the

marks S. increasing

rust

in Re-inspection examined. work REPORT trees conclusively

spring

are

diseased infected

or towns. outbreak

the

of

of was throughout

on

work

U. dead

indicated 1916, outbreaks investigations of

scouting the fact,

destroy

this few 1917 found

the

by

pines

serious

first

in a in

towns

Distribution of

of pines

has

where size

bushes new

and

proving

of

stunted.

disease disease been

control

already The 119

While

additional

40

year

The

ported Spaulding During Department, Industry,

extensive the result eventually

either of the bushes thus alence importance berry

move

continued are

the ably years, 43

plots points

to effecting months; have weakened REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. 41

the top have broken off. There are many regions where serious loss is bound to occur within a few years. A survey made by the Federal Office of Blister Rust Control during the late winter of 1919-20, along and in towns adjacent to the Ammonoosuc Valley, showed that on a strip seventy miles in length, 24 per cent of the pines were infected with blister rust. In this same region, on a plot of 43 acres, investigations indicated that 55 per cent of the pines were diseased. In the Spring of 1920, the Federal Office of Blister Rust Control made available additional funds for the purpose of inspecting pines in towns which had never been examined. This work was carried on under the direction of the Forestry Department. Out of a total of twenty four towns thus scouted, diseased pines were found in the following eleven towns, Newbury, Sunapee, Newport, Northfield, Northwood, New Durham, Bedford, Hollis, Chester, and Derry. The largest areas of infection were located in Sunapee and Newbury. A careful count on the Newbury area showed that over 800 pines were seriously affected by the rust. r. During the last summer, crews engaged in the destruc . tion of wild currant and gooseberry bushes reported blister rust on pines for the first time in Goffstown, Ray mond, New London, Center Harbor, Moultonboro, Holderness, Westmoreland and Surry. Other members of the field force have located during the same period diseased pines in Marlboro, Lempster, Laconia, Lyme, Langdon, Eaton, Tuftonboro, Tamworth, Tilton, Bel mont and Rye. Thus, a summary of inspection work indicates that the rust has been found in 1920 in twenty nine additional towns. Infections notable on account of the large areas which they cover or because of the loss already effected, may be found in the towns of Temple, Swanzey, Stratham, Sunapee, Newbury, Hebron, Orford, Ossipee, Tamworth, Conway, Littleton, Lisbon, Landaff and Hampstead. 42 REPORT OF FORESTRY UOM MISSION.

Distribution of Blister Rust on Currants and Gooseberries.

A most alarming fact, brought out as a result of the control measures now being carried on, is that in every town where either eradication work or scouting has been conducted, cultivated as well as wild currants and goose berries are found to be generally infected. This condition is brought about by the ability of the rust to spread long distances from infected pines to currant bushes, and also because of its added power to jump from bush to bush. Many persons contend that the removal of cul tivated currants or gooseberries is often unnecessary because their distance from white pine is too great to cause infection. This contention might have weight if it had not been proven conclusively that the disease can. and does travel long distances by passing from one currant bush to another, thus affording ample opportu nity for the disease to reach pines in this way. In all control areas, therefore, it is important to remove all cultivated currant and gooseberry bushes in addition to the wild varieties. Thousands of actual tests and exa minations in the field emphasize the necessity of immediate, concerted and continued action on the part of the State and owners of pine woodlands towards the destruction of all currant and gooseberry hushes both cultivated and wild.

Results of Control Measures. Since the late spring of 1917, systeratic destruction of wild and cultivated currant and gooseberry bushes have been carried on by the Forestry Department, financial cooperation being received on the dollar for dollar basis from the Federal Bureau of Plant Industry. The follow ing tabulation indicates in brief the progress made during the past four years to date: REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. 43..

Table VU. PROGRESS IN CONTROL WORK—1917 TO 1920.

Number Average Wild Cultivated of towns Acres cost bushes bushes Year. worked, covered. per acre, destroyed. destroyed.

1917 4 23,043 0.42 462,500 500 1918 30 66,292 .3 959,312 8,427 *1919 49 164,413 .1 1,659,936 21,171 t1920 49 203,641 .175 2,057,936 21,298

Totals 457,389 .227 5,139,704 51,396

*Work in three towns now completed. tWork in six more towns completed.

Cooperation with Towns. The year 1919 marks the second season in which towns. in this State have appropriated funds for the purpose of cooperating with the Forestry Commission and the United States Department of Agriculture in the control of this disease. Re-appropriations were made that year by 36 towns and 16 additional towns appropriated for the first time. Through the aid extended by the Federal Government, the towns were offered State and Federal aid on the basis of $3.00 for each dollar of town money, the State covering the town appropriation dollar for dollar and the Federal Government covering both State and town with an equal amount. In the spring of 1920, in addition to the re-appropria tions made by 30 towns, funds were voted by 21 new towns for blister rust control, the total amounting to $8,275.00.

Private Cooperation. One of the most significant developments in blister rust control may be found in the widespread interest by private owners of pine growth who have paid for the is

of

At

for for

his

the

and

two

and

and

own four The

The

have

area, from

more

ti-iere town

is

under

crews, on

inspec

dollars

handled

wild

their cover

Surry

1921

two

by

Bureau were

is

cooperated

1920,

met

men.

of

nursery in coOperator’s

contributors

persons to

State

increasIng

owners

are

in

and

the

purpose.

available

are

protected

upon

companies,

six

42

a

the

thousand

the

of

the

Department.

checked

control

his

number Government,

Agriculture,

forest

of

and to

removal

of

work, There

is

one

rapidly

1919, such

of

bushes

Hebron

necessary

lumber rust

agent

this

woodland

the

becomes coOperation COMMISSION.

is

in

organizations

of

for

in

Forestry

charge

Federal

towns.

for

control

Nearly

subscriptions

extending

with

foreman three

and then

blister

majority

the

Forester.

the in

amount while protection

Federal

a

commercial

Among

two

towns

in

gooseberries direct a

interest

FORESTRY gooseberry such

by

sum by of Department an

the

available

firms engaged

Organization.

in

the

private

requests used that one OF

Government.

State

S.

for

and

and

these

work

is this

of

in

pay

all

are

basis

equal U.

of

the

fact enterprises, coOperating

funds

control.

association.

crews

to

additional

paid

and

received

Newman,

field

of

of REPORT

An That

who

time,

the

Federal

the currant consisting

E.

currants

rust

dollar

number

park

State

individuals,

of

cooperation,

all

been

funds

plan by

L.

the

actual corporations,

for

residents

no Industry,

contributed

of

offering crew

100

land.

of

large

large

individual

present

direction

Mr.

blister

A The

hotel property. manufacturing

cultivated

removal

44

in

than proved one private organizations being the general Federal being the

supervisors •were pines. Plant the thus work

by

clollar

already

own teach

tors

ticable

gresses.

which of

most

scattering,

carefully

grow. and

the control

proved

covered

make

areas

pine.

in of

of bushes

which

known

method

destroying

success to

town control

Previous

in

proper

Before

A

the

a

Chapter

any

infection

different

region,

other

crew,

likely

in

feature

or

are

several

a such

Owing

by

is

measures

area

by

area

town

as

Plan

which

with of

In

in

a

examined

preliminary

Any

the

begun,

so

to

the specified

places

or

carefully

bushes,

what 187,

they

an

experimentation

the work

places

addition,

having

parts

REPORT

as

and actual

extensive

of

a

of

1919,

towns,

in

in

to

plots

but

scout

advance

lower

Laws

eradication

a

Work

numbers

has

control

are

any the

is

an

were

the

which

of

control

for

few

and

been

section

it destruction

to

OF

during

examines

of

examination

it

been

are

the

removed limited

the

of

cost

one

examination

be

was amount

currant

and

currant

as

where

FORESTRY

is

to

currants

determined,

scout,

1917.

work

town,

experience carried

carefully

higher

not

to area,

be

per

termed

too a

season.

Eradication

found

of

the

control

make

that

amount

put

possible

such

all

acre

and

small

bushes

currants worthy

by

equipped of

of

declaring with

process

COMMISSION..

on,

and points

is

into

water

currant

larger

young

the

that

their the

bushes

marked

gooseberry

by

posters

of

area,

made

The

in

due

has

to

of

gooseberry

to

existed,

“advance

effect.

utilizing

order

of

scout

the

Methods.

there•

and

courses,

warrant

of

removal

money

of

with cover

either

regard

areas

thus

location

shown

growing and

are

of

mention

are

land

by

areas

locating

gooseberries.

to

the

as

were

found

gooseberry

conforrning

This

and

then

a

bushes

means the

the

select

could

a

scouting” available

are

to

swamps

he

imprac

the

town

are

map

man

bushes

of

where

it

whole

placed

is

white

whole

points

many

man,

only

pro

also.

was

use

the

and.

the

the

the

be

of

to

t&

of

45 in ______

46 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

symbols designed for this purpose and the crew foreman takes his men to such points and the bushes are removed. y this method, it is possible to examine and to give protection to larger areas of pine growth with the avail able appropriation than was possible under the old method formerly used. That this scheme of advance scouting is practicable and efficient is proved by many •checks which have been made of the scout and crew work. It is obvious that it is much more economical to secure the removal of currant and gooseberry bushes through the medium of one man where conditions warrant such a procedure than to utilize the services of five or six men.

Effective Removal of Currant and Gooseberry Bushes. It is claimed by some persons to be impossible to locate and destroy wild currant and gooseberry bushes with reasonable completeness. As proof that this claim is •erroneous, mention is made of a checking system inaugurated to determine the thoroughness of the work performed by the eradication crews. The foreman of every crew is required to check over each day a portion of the ground covered by his men, recording the number •of bushes found the first time over the plot, and also the number secured the second time. The results of several hundred such checks indicate that the crews are removing better than 96% of the bushes. Equally favorable reports of the crew work have been received as a result of careful inspection by agents of the Federal Government.

The Labor Situation. While the results of control work during the season of 1920 exceeded all expectations, both as to quality of work jerfortned and the amount of land covered, there isno REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. doubt but greater progress would have been made if labor had been more abundant and reliable. It is im portant tq employ in this work only men of good appearance, who are reliable and intelligent and who are genuinely interested in the work. In normal years com paratively little difficulty has been experienced in keeping the field personnel up to standard, but during the past season efficient help was extremely hard to secure. The various crews were often short handed and such a condition naturally had a tendency to curtail. the projects under way. Considerable time of the field super visors was necessary in securing labor which at times greatly reduced the amount of constructive work they might have been doing. Out of a total of 266,000 acres covered iii the New England States and New York during the past season, however, 203,000 acres are credited to the New Hampshire crews at an average cost of only seventeen and one half cents per acre. This very satis factory record is due in large measure to the efficient work of the supervisors and crew foremen.

Necessity of Continued Control Measures. It has been shown elsewhere in this report that white pine blister rust has been found generally throughout the pine regions of this State and that in many sections the amount of infection indicates a loss of pine growth in the very near future. The result to date of the eradication of currants and gooseberries proves that these bushes can be removed effectively and at a very reasonable cost per acre in comparison to the value of the pine involved. The continued presence of both wild and cultivated currant and gooseberry bushes is a decided menace to white pine as these bushes carry the disease from infected trees to healthy ones. The value of white pine in New Hamp 4$ REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. shire is too well known to necessitate a discussion here, and the importance of protecting such a valuable asset cannot be emphasized too strongly. Inasmuch as there are many towns only partly completed and others in which no work has yet been started, but where the in terest is very strong, it is apparent that work should be continued until the pine areas of the State have all received proper protection. There is a widespread and genuine interest in blister rust control which is evident through the action taken by so many towns and private owners throughout the State. For the past three years town appropriations for co operative control have averaged each season about $8,000. Present indications point strongly to a decided increase in the number of cooperating towns and con sequently in the appropriations. In order that eventually much of the burden of actual control work may be withdrawn from the shoulders of the State and Government, it is necessary that additional educational work be carried on. The most effective means of proving to the public locally that the control of this disease is essential may be found in the display of infected specimens and the publishing of information relative to the localities where the rust has been found on the pine. It has been the experience of the Forestry Department that wherever pines infected with blister rust have been found, proper display of such trees always. produces a surprising amount of interest and is instru mental in securing immediate action by the local authorities and private parties. There still remains a considerable number of towns which should be examined for evidence of the rust so that a decision may be reached as to the extent of control measures necessary. This need of preliminary examina tions and the very probable increase in town appropria tions warrants an increase in the existing State appropriation for blister rust control, thus permitting. more million

the shire.

ment, turn

once

years land

eradicate region

as nut

control

of covered

Table

the

the

balance

throughout

responsibility

or

been

rapid

towns, longer,

chestnut two This

acres will

work,

the

and

VIII

currant

/

years

covered,

REPORT

eventually has progress

having

towns

bushes

and have

at

showing

is

bark

its

cost the

a

1919

private

now and

statement

range. for

OF

until

present

been

removed which

the

disease

in

FORESTRY

and

protection

the

result

gooseherry

been

State the

owners. control

paid

1920.

funds

will

rate

has

pine

eradicated

in

in for

about

by

COMMISSION.

detail

already

of require

as

available,

work.

each

over

area

It

the

progress.

great

bushes

will five

of

town

to

Federal

of

in

caused

seven

the cents Nearly

not

the

a

the

costs,

New

in

loss

during

blister

be

owners

Failure

State

per

the

or

to

Govern

time

Hamp

to acreage

half

chest

eight

acre,

pine

pine

eachi

rust

has

49

to

of

to

a Table Vu. COST OF BLISTER RUST CONTROL BY TOWNS.

SEASON OF 1919. SEASON OF 1920.

CONTROL AREA. Town, Town, State, Average Wild State, Average Wild Federal Cost of Acreage cost per Ifibes Federal Cost of Acreage cost per lObes .0 Approp. work. covered. acre. destroyed. Approp. work. covered, acre. destroyed. C

$400.00 $396.68 1,190 $0.333 18,704 $190.74 $190.74 . 673 $0.283 7,531 Alstead 43,696 Alton 60000 585.30 2,400 0.243 : 800.00 797.25 3,379 0.236 56,994 8’000 695.34 3,252 0.213 30,359 An trim .898 Bartlett—3 500.00 531.91 1971 0.269 :::: ::: 73.39 1o8 . Bennington 2,000.00 723.28 2,009 0 360 .3,579 -0 Blue Mt. Forest Assn.—1 90 154.59 il .o 345.41 327.65 3,520 0.093 2.849 83 1,616 0.253 7,897 400.00 356.43 1,415 0.251 1,842 ‘ Bristol 400.00 425.00 ‘ 500.00 500.00 1,766 0.283 21,703 Brookfield 2a:.•iio .06.) 33 60438 Center Harbor—i I 400.00 383.08 3,071 0.124 22,814 80000 79808 4992 0159 22 7’5 800.00 783.05 3,838 0.204 18,173

400.00 368.36 1,480 . 0.255 69,762 - Claremont I 800.00 . 797.37 3,219 0.247 40,163 r 3,767 4 “3511 i016 0’40 8611 800.00 649.80 2 539 0.255 33,294 Dublin 90000 3000 664.00 . 807.16 3,399 . 0.237 21,494 Z Durhans—2 400.80 370.24 2,966 0.124 28,269 238 2 846 r’xeter—9 1 240 00 1 04 4 4 0 0 . 0.290 3.527 Farmin 317.80 332.00 I 1,104 2,000.00 1,349.74 I 5,629 0.239 123,976 Fitzwi1lim . ::: 800.00 738.40 3,840 0.192 12,815 Fremont 100.08 454 0.220 265 ‘ 600.00 623.79 2,112 0.298 27,153 114.00 Gilford—1 600.00 581.26 2,087 0.278 26,913 (‘ilmanton .A)0 10 178 3 400 0446 1 160 1,200.00 687.36 9,540 0.072 4,770 Cottstown .0000 487 .,5 J 1 293 03 7 17 95j 500.00 500.00 2,861 0.174 45,959 18 C P1 P2

Hampstead—3 .1 700.04) 634.16 3,218 0.197 3869 600.00 369.37 5,772 0.063 312 Hampton—3 600.00 600.00 5,000 0.120 18,614 600.00 273.96 724 0.378 4,038 Hancock 40000 383.50 1,193 0,332 4,241 Hanover 1,010.00 1,001.71 3,000 0.338 38,758 1,04)0.0)) 694.05 2,506 0.276 14.206 Hebron—2 1,688.00 965.80 6,850 0.140 213,540 4,00.00 616.86 2,413 0.255 42,652 Henniker I Hillsboro—2 1,000.00 976.9? 1,508 0.647 206,688 800.60 750.89 3,247 ‘01231 79,098 Holderness 600.00 693.54 6,865 0.101 I 85,518 Hollis (400.00 678.08 9,042 0.4)74 4,786 600.00 569.05 2,784 0.204 12,501 Hopkinton 18 Jaifrey 1,600.00 1,309,87 11.216 0:116 15,888 Keene 1,200.04) 1,290.24 7,307 0.176 40,198 1,160.00 1,196.130 4069 0.594 ‘ 66,789 Keene Forestry Assn,—1 039.16 1,050 0.608 , 25,032 Kensington 600.00 620.68 1,293 0.480 44,139 Laconia, i ooo 00 766.52 7,930 0096 21,025 ‘4 Langdon 403.00 400.78 850 0.471 16,033 Lempster 404)00 400.00 1,082 0.369 41,303 , Lisbon 800.00 770.04 1.500 0.513 24,002 800.00 800.00 1 630 0.490 30,573 Litchfield—3 600,00 371.20 9 558 0.038 10,952 Littleton—2 900.00 940.24 1,100 0.854 36,542 900.00 859.59 675 ,oie” Madhury 400.00 404.98 1,200 0.337 20,289 H Manchester—i 664.1(1 745.54 2,932 0.254 16,697 1(iarlboro 400.00 361.23 1,440 0.250 4,227 j 560.00 432,46 1,251 0.345 31,379 Meredjth—2 480.00 418.04 2,458 0.170 31,142 ‘ j < Merrimack 420.00 404100 15,910 ,0•’i iI’ Milford—3 800.00 563.98 12,934 0 043 10 397 ‘ , (3 Moultonboro 400.00 385.04) 2,980 0.185 32.413 C Newfields—3 100.00 500.00 900 0.555 47,520 500.00 500.00 1,094 0.457 12,437 Newbury’New London—i 1 811.28 641,20 1,649 0.388 33,4416 New Hampton ‘ 401(00 293,97 1,504 0 128 . 5,111 — Newmarket—3 897.20 758.52 2,362 0.320 26,091 800.00 653.44 5,023 0.130 7,972 Newport—2 1,670.00 1,682.32 2,868 0.586 155,748 Newton 600.00 381.09 1,950 0.298 12,261 Milton—2 400.00 397.76 2.932 0.135 27,642 Orford 600.00 632.00 1,380 0.457 9,380 600.00 600.00 1,801 0.333 I 29,276 (lssipee—2 . 1,650.00 946.09 3,000 0.316 315,033 875.60 837.58 11,3416 0.073 93,699 Peterborough—3 1,030.00 1,263.64 14,484 0.087 113,197 ‘400.00 379.56 2,707 0.140 5,774 Piermont 600.00 583.96 1,832 0.3)8 39,385 600.00 597.00 945 0.631 79,073 Plainfield 600.00 559.10 2,445 0.228 54,673 Raymond 1 400.60 369.84 1,888 0.195 7,264 Rumney 600,00 425.80 3,089 0.137 8,001 Sunapee—2 1,242.44 1,165.76 3,288 0.354 153,156 Surry—2 2,400.00 866.32 7,062 0.122 18,873 e, Swanzey 900.00 816.61 1,706 0.478 ?7,767 i. 800.00 743 67 4,448 0.165 50,901 Table VUX.—Concluded.

SEASON OF 1919. SEASON OF 1920.

CONTROL AREA Town, Average Will Town, Average Wild State, Cost of Acreage cost per Rihes State, Cost o Acreage cost per Ribes Federal work. covered, acre, destroyed. Federal work’ covered, acre, destroyed. Approp. Approp.

91 Tamworth—2 $1,410 00 $766.59 3,098 $0247 14,861 Tilton 600.00 562.20 2,953 0.194 56,107 6600.00 $600.00 1,733 10.124 7,691 0 Tuftonborough 800.00 792.02 2,931 0.270 54,129 -I Wakefield 810.00 792.20 1,965 0.431 15,382 600.00 435.38. 7,688 0.056 14,560 Westmoreland—2 554.00 542.82 2,324 0.233 23,375 0 Wilton—3 762.00 613 70 11,732 0.052 14,121 WoIteborough—2 1,276.00 1,017.98 3,000 0.335 31,142 1,000.00 920.24 6,403 0.143 71,530 0 Grand Totals ,..,. $36,537.10 532,958.35 163,414 0.201 1,659,936 $41,756.05 $35,864.48 204,093 0.175 2,061,91)6 91 91 -I .SUItIMARY OF CONTROL 91 WORK. H n I Cost Average Wild Cultivated 0 of Acreage Cost Ribes Ribes Work. Covered. Per Acre. Destroyed. Destroyed. 1919—49 Town Areas worked $32,988.35 163,414 $0.20 1,659,936 21,171 cM 1920—54 Town Areas worked 35,864.48 204,093 0.175 2,061,996 22,206 0

$68,852.83 367,093 0.189 3,721,932 43,377 1919—The cost of destroying cultivated bushes was $1,795.94; Total Expenditure, $34,784.29. 1920—The cost of destroying cultivated bushes was 2,181.88; Total Expenditure, 38,172.36. Note: *Ribes the Botanical name for currants and gooseberries. 1. Project financed by Private and Federal Funds. 2. Project financed by State, Town, Federal and Private Funds, 3. Towns completed. REPORT OF FORESTRV COMMISSION. 53

PUBLIC FORESTS.

Summary of Public Forests in New Hampshire. White Mountain National Forest 433,179 acres State Forests, received by gift or purchase 12,163 State Tracts received under the Refores tation Act 250 Municipal Forests 6,566

Total areas public forest land 452,158 acres

Owned by Forest Societies and Institutions. Society for Protection of New Hampshire Forests 2,399 acres Appalachian Mountain Club 761 Yale Forest School 900

Total 4,060 acres

National Forests. The following statement on the progress of Federal acquisition and management in the White Mountains is given by Mr. J. J. Fritz, Gorham, N. H., Supervisor of the White Mountain National Forest. Extent. About 433,179 acres have been approved fdr purchase in the White Mountain National Forest, of which 383,332 acres have passed title, 355,472 acres being in Coos, Carroll and Grafton Counties, N. H., and 27,860 acres in in in

be

as

the

the

In

for

pur

Per the

the

and

con

been equi

been

of auto-

of

by

guards, and of

for Bartlett

may

features

booklets be located.

H. River

extended

Bridge

sum the

have Supervisor have

State

stage.

at

is

be a

N. and recreational

to

fires available some will

other

location

the

of

acquired rangers,

be will

plans tracts

mountains

accessible

Forest

Pierce’s

and telephone, the Maps over

build forest

trails

as located

the

opened

now

will

with formative the lines

increases,

by Gorham,

of

more

COMMISSION a

near

Pemigewasset to

and

and

are

has has

eastern protection. the

at

taking

in

Complete uses

it any showing

area

is

the Gorham.

is returns fire

the development

improved

National

River

lines

acres.

to

camp

at

the

of

area

headquarters, for

FORESTRY

In

connected the

forest

Service the to trails,

cooperation

available

office

been

the

application forest.

Gale forest

OF

of

side

are

make

in

Government

for

Me.

on headquarters from

the 1,443,675

to

ranger

made have

scenic telephone provide upon

protection.

Forest

the

application

of

east Supervisor

Mountain

Permits

which REPORT

and

plan

are

percent

National

fire

best the

order

statidns trails

income

within in

the 10 ranger forest,

County, total

of

upon

to

States in

to

headquarters

secured

the

a

Forest White

funds

to

whereby

the

important

construction

be

general on

as

the the

Gorham. points The

As

Ranger

A

chase

Administration. Oxford

United

manent Village, Woodstock, Bethlehem.

secured Improvements. or of National may at

fast to made structed more road counties Recreation. valent Numerous acquired

purposes

uses addition of ground and Copp parks. with England,

made centage Forest mobile to Profile be River

hard uses annual the quired designated Government. Reforestation. and are will not species Tiniber

allowed and

ting

Recreation

White Approximately

1920

be

planted

utilized utilized

from

last balsam

in lie

privileges

and diameter of

Spring had at

on

Supervisor,

to

road by at campers Sales. log growth.

being of

close the

the

All

for the

and

Scotland,

soft

be two

•the the from

failures.

people

to

lengths

by

for REPORT

Gale down

National

near spruce, fir

burned correspondence Profile

on

within

advantage to Norway removed. Copp wood

of

This District

year.s

a

cordwood

the

equal

are

the

and the

All

12 River forest

from

4,000,000 Gale

to

Gorham,

down OF South State

Spring Some road,

is utilized timber

while

the

fir, inches, Glen

ground

timber

trampers, eight

under

forest

to

FORESTRY

only

spruce

twenty

River of

ranger

hemlock

officer.

National

on

Such

those

and

to and must

small

Africa Road,

cutting

Columbia,

foot was

have

breast idle

about feet

N.

four to

to to should

relating sales

other on

in

plantings portions

station two

be

be H.

insure enjoyed

public a transplant used

lengths, COMMISSION.

non-agricultural

at board 1917 been Wild

feet. Soft-wood and and

forests four-inch

limbed

is twelve

height,

removed

administered

of

the

nurseries

be

in

during

to

pine.

Hawaiian Canada.

show the cut

their to

River.

camp

progress.

of Ordinarily, addressed

measure

crossing

within

according made the

hold

can

out

per

is

the during United

beds

is top rapid

a the

the Hard brush

recreational

grounds

so

until be

cent

tops

over The marked small

along

are

National

that

minimum diameter

summer

enjoyed Islands,

of

of lands.

by each

States,

decom Spruce

to

woods

of it

to

as camp a being

is

stock

Gale

both

per

they

cut

can the

the

the

the

the

are

re 55

at

or of is

in

to

of the

It

the

the

for

this pre

1,000 with

news be State

to made

and

of

scaling within lands.

always condi

protec

gifts

removal demon from fire which

improve

the

one

in

view.

will areas,

region. reforested

regulations

which

authorized

cent

been

State

the

to

and the

in improvement

is The

people improvement

rule,

equaling

the having

timber of least

accept and

per advance,

previous

growing

compliance

from

small and

has

of

warrant.

removal

at paid

to

in

and

25

kept

Service

and

feet care

make

$100, in is

ones,

employed Mountain

days

for

and disposal,

year

to

insure

Act, towns

COMMISSION. and

protection

is

before 30 managed

sought, acquire

valuable available. over

number

to cubic Hampshire

large always Forest Reservations.

Commission

paid

per planting

conditions

the

forests

and

to be

to

White

brush is is

rule

into

flow,

to by

Forests least

to

the

the

161 and advertised Weeks

scaled

than funds

New

the

results

purchase

FORESTRY

at been

be of

demonstration

is

greatest

$5,000 and

in foot the

forest,

required

or

areas of

Forestry

public

OF timber the

State

of

National

stream

of is has

rather the

amounting Forests

purpose

must of timber, the rule

the the All for wherever over, contract.

utilization,

disbursed

policy

primary

these

cubic

timber

forestry from

to

to

log bond

REPORT

be cut period

the terms

sales stand, law sales they

policy

purposes serve same State

Blodgett

the land of

limit

a

All derived.

a

bids. forest

Close to of

timber

The

bring

to the

for the

the

part is

the

that are of

value general

the

feet

to for

small

Approximately sales

revenue of

timber

adjacent

for

standard to

general

terms

mind mature most

The In

purchase

examples

Under

Under

forest.

position. National board the make require paper closing large of

the in and cuttings.

ment vention

gross Treasurer revenue

available to land as tion.

The the cutting tion stration -ways -extended

value

large

there acreage has donated possible creased acre mistake shire. necessity. State -assurance individuals forest

Government with town -ment -a would of been

today. these State present tion, acquired devastated listed of

Acquisition

supply

The

trees eight

been

up

number

all

wherever

sold are

location, has nd

and lands

Government lands.

proprietors,

in

be

State

In

to

somewhat some

will

to made to

The

planted the

as

cents

of the Table

by

maintained. a

passed

even by

$6.00 State

acquire addition also

condition the We

wood REPORT

number possible.

and

eventually

glory

without

forests the policy

and

public the

The of

of

years

of

area,

per

that

State. possible,

IX

are

per

enjoyment ownership still

towns and

the

Government

the

and State

forest

which

very

of within

OF

cut in

acre. educational which

to

the acre.

now

purchase and to of ago now

more the owned

formerly

experimental

timber virgin

large FORESTRY

These

any

purchase

Nearly

over

be of While in

mountain

lands

future the

reservations total

in land

will in

beginning

begins

re

New

shows necessary the

various

valuable

of

giving part

them

land adequate small by timber, order

for

tracts

now

and much cost, cost

in one

past belonged productivity might the by

Hampshire COMMISSION.

institutions future areas the

out

also

to for

the

in

reservations

half parts the

State per being price

demonstration away

that

stage.

planting

two

are

of

greater

in realize were to

productive

public

of

as

acquired have

the future

along

acre

generations

order million

which compensation

Government

realize

the

scattered to

low

the

years,

of

in of

acquired title

date

turned

the

supported It

of at for

New

revenue land cut

that

areas

cost, may as public

educational

to and

have

is

to these

have

an

to acres

of

each State

the ‘of

$4.00 it

guarantee

condition over

a

its

Govern has Hamp date

average

over

over number acquisi private is than

be

by

larger public tracts

to

to high-

great

lands been

tract.

wild from have

still

and and,

per

use. and the

in

the as 5

are

be

or

to

a

at Table IX. cc STATE FORESTS AND RESERVATIONS.

Cost of Date of Condition of Purchase No. of Planting Purchase Cost per Land and NAME. Transfer. Location. Area. Tract. Cost. Trees Cost to Planting Acre. Planted. Date. per Acre.

lii Miller Park—i 1891 Pe terborough. 3 Ledge. ‘0 C Cathedral and White Bartlett and H Horse Ledges—i • 1901 Conway. 40 Open pasture, pine, 6,000 $75.00 $15.00 i-I and ledges. C Monadnock—1 1915 Jaifrey. 493 Old pasture and 9,000 148.98 19.86 young spruce. “I Haven—i 1908 Jafirey. 95 • Mature pine. 1,500 21.82 37.74 0 H Harriman.Chandler—1 1911 and Warncr. 405 011 pasture, spruce 18,900 358.96 11.21 H 1919 di and hardwoods. ‘-1 Crawford Notch—2 1913 Hart’s Location. 5,925 Hardwoods and H spruce. 1< Merrijnan—3 1913 and Bartlett. 417 Pine and Hardwoods. $150.00 $8.82 8.82 1919 C State Nursery 1914 Boscawen. 143 Farm buildings and 3,435.00 24.02 21,400 161.66 33.16 woodlands. Huckins—i 1914 Ossipee. 100 Cut over. 48,500 438.06 10.95 -4 Co Everett, formerly C,, Dunbarton 1915 Dunbarton. 56 Cut over. 302.00 6.40 11,100 80.94 15.44 0 Walker—i 1915 Concord. 45 Cut over land, and 24,500 331.51 16.37 pine. Davisvifle 19t5 Warner. 32 Burn. 125.00 3.91 31,000 360.45 17.98 Alton Bay 1915 Altøn. 209 Out over. 522.50 2.5(1 37,500 559.67 17.01 Mast Yard 1915 to Concord and 390 Cut over and burned. 2,094.00 5.29 147,750 1,371.33 16.59 1920 Hopkiimton. Sentinel Mt 1915 Piermont. 143 Spruce and old 712.50 4.98 22,500 155.2.5 13.16 pasture. Livermore Falls 1916 Cainpton. 134 Young pine and 910.00 6 79 50,000 720.36 24.27 hardwoods. _____

701.00 7.07 7,000 99.25 21.69 Illue Job Farmington. 99 Young pine and hardwoods. and 700.00 4.02 38,000 455.83 20.35 Maccoma 1916 Canaan. 174 Cut over young growth. 20.92 122 Cut over and burned. 325.00 2.66 6,000 91.83 Litchfleld . 1916 Litclifield. I 3.00 1916 Rochester. 20 Cut over. 60.00 3.00 Salmon Falls . 8,200 76.04 13.92 1916 Allenstown. 413 Cut ovcr and young 1,000.00 2.42 H Bear Brook pine. hardwoods. 9.75 40.68 40.68 Sugar Hill—i 1017 Bristol. 57 Pine and C H pine, 6,396.50 7.62 29,000 434.68 22.01 Kearsarge Mt 1917 and Wflmot and 839 Open pasture, ‘-1 1919 Andover. and spruce. 13.01) Young inc and I 825.00 13.09 C Jeremy Hill 1917 and Pelham. 63 ‘ii 1918 hardwoods, 2,950.00 4.21 4.21 Cardigan Mt 1916 Orange and 700 Young spruce and “1 Alexandria. hardwoods. 0 1,700.00 5.98 14,500 266.79 28.25 H Honey Brook 1918 to Acworth and 284 Cut over, pine, and Ii 1920 Marlow. hardwoods. 4.70 1918 Stoddard. 71 Hardwoods and pine. 33500 4.71 H Stoddard H 248 00 4.00 4t0 H Dodge Brook 1919 Lempster. 62 Cut over. 0 637.52 1.85 1.8.5 Black Mt 1919 and Haverhill. 343 Open pasture and 0 1920 young spruce. over. Scribner-Fellowa—i 1918 Ashland. 140 Cut 4.00 30 Cut over and burn. 120.00 4.00 Contoocook 1920 Hopkinton. 12.12 2.12 1920 Nottingham. 16 Cut over and young . 200.00 Nottinhano pine. burn. 378.00 6.00 600 Poneinah 1920 .Anñwrst. 03 Cut over and 124.00 4.00 400 Craney Hill 1920 Honniker. 31 Cut over and burn. $5.38 957,325 :08 71 $14.91 Total 12,183 $25010.02

1. Acquired by gift or local subscription. under special act. 2. Not purchased by Forestry Commission; acquired by Governor and Council l. Gift of 400 acres.

4 -, I

REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

Description of Tracts Acquired in 1919 and 1920 Cliandlei Tract. Admiral Lloyd II. Chandler gave a tract of 195 ares to the State in 1919 as a memorial to his father, Senator William E. Chandler. It adjoins the present Harriman tract in Warner and will be known as the Harriman- Chandler tract. This land lies on the west and north slopes of the Mink Hills and is composed of young hard woods with some scattering pines. The open land will be planted.

Kearsarge Mountain Addition. In the fall of 1919 a tract of 330 acres was purchased on the northern slopes of Mt. Kearsarge in the town of Andover and adjacent to 500 acres already owned by the State. There is a good stand of spruce, estimated to be 400,000 feet covering portions of the tract together with much young growth. This area is well adapted for a State forest being accessible and suitable for growing timber. Nottingham State Forest. This small tract of 16 acres is the first purchase in Rockingham County to be used by the State for forestry demonstration purposes. Situated on the Northwood Nottingham highway this lot contains some fine young growth of pine, spruce and hemlock. The reproduction has seeded in from an adjoining stand which has been thinned at times but not entirely cleared. The growth ranges from seedlings to trees of almost merchantable size. Areas with no growth will be reforested.

Merriman Addition. A long narrow strip of 17 acres of young Norway pine and hard woods were purchased to straighten out the limes of the original Merriman gift in the town of Bart REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. (31 lett. This land is on the southern side of the State forest and was formerly part of the Kimball farm. The Norway pine is of good size and condition.

J)o(lge Brook State Forest. A purchase of (32 acres of cut-over land in Lempster on both sides of the Newport-Keene highway was made in 1919 for reforestation purposes. The tract is bounded on the west by Dodge brook and along its bank is a valuable ‘ stand of young larch suitable for posts. This lot was. logged for spruce two or three years ago and the slash in. places should be cleared before reforestation begins.

Craney Hill State Forest. This tract consists of 31. acres of cut-over and burned’. land along the Concord-Keene highway in Henniker and was purchased in 1920. Areas not covered with young growing poplar are suitable for planting. This is part of a large tract of waste land repeatedly burned and which. should be taken over by the State to be reforested.

Contoocook State Forest. In 1920 about 30 acres of burned over waste land were purchased on the west bank of the Contoocook river in West Hopkinton. This is a good location for a planting- demonstration, being on the Concord-Keene highway adjoining the railroad. A fire line will he made to protect the areas before it is reforested.

Black Mountain State Forest. This tract comprises 343 acres of open pasture and young growing spruce on the west slopes of Black Mountain in Haverhill and was purchased in 1919 and 1920. The area is adjacent to the Black Mountain Look- out Station and will enable the lookout watchman to do 62 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

some necessary planting and improvement work from time to time.

Ponemah State Forest. This is an area of sixty-three acres purchased in 1920 along the Nashua-Keene highway in Amherst. The land has remained waste for many years as a result of fires. It is easy land to plant and should be the beginning of much larger holdings in this locality.

Honey Brook Additions. In 1920 valuable additions amounting to 208 acres were made to the Honey Brook tract in Acworth and Marlow. These lots border the Newport-Keene and the Bellows Falls-Keene highways near their junction. All types and •conditions of growth from pine seedlings to stands of nearly merchantable pine are represented. This tract is very accessible and should make an excellent demonstra tion forest for the handling of timber land.

Mast Yard Additions. Additions amounting to 155 acres and composed of many small parcels were purchased in 1920 for the pur pose of consolidating the Mast Yard State forest. It is now possible to extend the fire lines protecting the whole area from the railroad. Most of the purchases are burned over lands but two lots contain some valuable Norway and white pine and hemlock. To date approximately 147,000 trees have been planted and are growing well.

Reforestation Tracts.’ The following tracts shown in Table X have been acquired by the State under Chapter 163, Laws of 1915, which provides that areas adapted to forest growth not to exceed 25 acres in any one tract may be deeded to the REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. 6$

State for reforestation purposes and returned to the donors at any time within ten years upon payment of the cost of reforestation with interest at 4 per cent.

Table X.

TRACTS ACQUIRED UNDER REFORESTATION ACT.

No. of Trees Date of Planted Name. Location. Acres. Tranafer. to Date.

W. U. Baker Rumney 25 10- 4-15 25200 Jaaon E. Rnaeeli Maaon 25 10-28-15 25.300 George D. Pattee Campton 5 10-30-15 6,550 George B. Leighton. . . Dublin 25 12- 4-15 32,500 Charles R. Tilton ilton 25 4-26-16 23,300 John Q. Hodgrnan.. - . Amherst 18 8-10-16 35,000 Charles H. Allen oneord 25 8-26-16 33,100 Edward H. Carroll. . . . Warner 25 8-29-16 11,500 Erneat N. Kimball. . . .Mason 25 9-20-16 18,950 Charles H. Pattee. . . . Campton 8 12- 9-16 9,900 Charles F. Young. . . . Merrimack 25 15-29-16 29,500 George E. Barnard.. . . . Bow 13 2-28-18 6,550 Jasper T. Palmer Brookfield 6 11-11-19 6,000 263. 5 50 RETURNED.

Jeremiah N. Smith.. . . Northfield 17 7-28-20 8,850 Charles H. Woodman. . Madison 18 7-28-20 None

The work of reforesting these tracts is carried on as rapidly as funds and the output of trees from the State nursery will permit. The present high cost of labor and the consequent expense of reforesting land has deterred many persons from deeding their lands to the State for this purpose during the past two years. Several reforesta tion tracts are now in process of transfer. Two tracts have been returned to their donors during 1920, one having been entirely reforested and paid for, while the other was returned because the expense of reforestation was considered unwarranted.

a

A

on

an

on

but

dia

This

cord

exist

thin-

were

stand

blow-

hard--

which

in

needed

into

needed

during

parties.

built

resulted

men.

different

highway

per

the

this

obtain,

and

pine

condition.

burned

logs

to

inch

the

to was

of

much

public.

have

profitable

State

where

and

of

Tracts

$2.00

and

pine

from previous

for

one

changed

emergency

different

the

this

a

at

the

acres

feet

acres

growing

to

to

State

piled

difficult

shipped

by

15

before.

war

wood

mixed

platform

burned

planted

sold

ten

place

from

on

being

along

financially

of was

COMMISSION.

the

was

and

down

to

42,000

provided

stump

than

some

and

1920.

Limb

been

were

by

excellent

not

needed

about

coal

loading

cut

the

slash

acres

and

in

were

order

on

M.

about

piled

Planting

A

removed

have

on

25

only

the

were

cords

gradually 1919-20

FORESTRY

in

hardwoods

per when

area

were

condition

1919

greatly

of

and

of

was

50 is

OF

was

hardwoods

sold

of

camps

pines

about

the

to

of

thinning

1918

results

was

justified

produced

market.

Most

$18.00

cords

on

and

were

Work

tract

brush

of

winter timber

REPORT

growing

at

forest.

undertaken time.

The

cutting the

was

Falls.

Notch.

346

the

fall

leaving

wood

the

The

thousand

which

removal

on

the

Tract.

down

Hill.

was

of

woods.

growth

the

amounting

better

the

railroad,

locally

at

snow that

the

In

in

the

Improvement

Hardwoods

During

wood

Crawford

the

ing

operation

and

Sugar much

total

in markets.

down

extensive

Livermore

is

so meter.

64

Haven Several coniferous

fling

wood

the

sold in

thinned Improvement servations forests.

past on

tract

Alton Mascoma

Monadnock Sugar ICearearge Livermore Honey in Salmon to Chae E. public John should forest for George

Improvements

Reforestation Table Reforestation Reforestation Reforestation

A

H. acquiring the

protect

Name.

l;rand Totals production

H.

two

Q.

Bay

substantial

Hill

Carroll

Brook

Falls and

B.

Allen

State buildings. land Hodgman

acquire

Mountain

Falls

XI

Leighton years.

Total

have

public the

shows

REPORT

Tract

Tract for

Tract Tract

and

forests

PLANTING

of

by

Gerrish,

been

start purposes

along

managing

wood Norway

Fir White Norway White White Norway water Red I)ouglaa Scotch Red White White Norway Red Scotch Red White the Scotch Red Norway White

Scotch White

gift

It

Municipal

OF

and

Balsam

is

Species.

made

Pine

has Pine

Pine number

Pine

Pine FORESTRY

roadsides

or

Ash Pine

Pine

Pine Pine

Spruce Pine

Pine

Pine Pine

Table Pine

only

Pine

and

ON Spruce

Spruce Fir Spruce Spruce Spruce

supplies,

Everett

reforestation

purchase

been

already

woodland

STATE

on

timber

a

XL

and

Forests.

beginning

made the

COMMISSION.

bordering

Spring, and

16,500

80,000 species

for 74

TRACTS. 1919.

7

acquired

5,000 3,500 5,000 3,000 3,500

a

to Carroll

800

100

500

975

75

considerable

by as

park

supply

tracts

Alton

municipal

cities

of and

25,000

the

47.000

1919. reforestation

purposes Fall,

3,000 1,000 5,000

5,500 4,000 3,500

trees

and

during

schools

every

Bay

and

State

also

planted

area

forests

towns

State

Spring.

181,475

town

25,000

59,500 1920.

3,500 6,500

the 5,000 2,500 2,500 3,500 8,000 3,000

re

and

and

65

for

of I

so

of

to

to

for

re by

ex for

for

the

State

are be in

enable

the

76

40 gifts 20

most

155

409 100 have 100 200 methods 500

200 175 200 800

State them

to following

of 1,000 1,800

1,800

the

6,566

Acres

towns

were

which

According should

condition. of act the right the

acquisition

‘While

part

Europe

and

by to

an

own

manage

in lands

large

lands.

a

cities look

towns. growing

their and

COMMISSION.

direction

Hampshire

passed encourage

of

Such by

cities

the

of

their

pay

Department improved

College

to

the

to

New of

towns

best

1913

and

and

go in

often owned

tend

FORESTRY

of

forests the

to

woodlands

these

OF

under

in Forestry

now

will

they

Towns

Dartmouth

of

forests

government.

Court

the

are

necessary

act

kept

that

management

revenue City

REPORT and

managed

of

town

purchase

this town and

Many or

areas

purposes the

the

where

revenue. of

Genral to Total

in

years

records

Town towns

Franklin Jaifrey Concord Hanover Keene Hollis present ‘Gilsum Claremont

Manchester Milan Newington Richmond Littleton Raymond

Rochester

Warner

cutting

The

66

future

remunerative many forestry forested of

penses towns State:

Forester, the the the purchase. woodland

advice provement

of

of .condition topping Improvement

planting. town ago

memory revenue tion growth

town Forestry being ting other cut tract mature

revenue furnish

Roadside Mount

Lost Derby Masonian Primeval

ThHollis

The

fuel

15,000

Forest

has

over

already

operations

expends of

River disposed of

most

wood

purposes

birch

Woods changed pine

Sunapee an

of to

of

land

to

white

Warner

Department. The

Reservations

areas work. Pine Reservation

his Reservation

unlimited Under the

mixed

REPORT

the

recent

Town

Reservation has have

netted

and

of

lies

father,

tract

$50

town.

pines of

on

Trees town.

are

New

a

young

and been

Reservation will

as

the During in been

badly

will

pine, acquisition

Monadnock by OF

Forest

per

an is

under

far

supply the

Senator planted

continually

Hampshire FORESTRY

reserved terms in be

largely

Admiral additional

in on

year of

cut eventually

pine

as

cut The

hemlock

Sutton

Mink

reforested. Tamworth

is

the

the

Monadnock

the

possible

for

over

of an

of

in

growth

William

by

slash in

is

past

Society

general

by

fuel the use

example COMMISSION.

Hills

improvement

a valuable

Lloyd

the

area

15

Forests.

increase gift and

the

will be two

of

wood

and

left

cords.

State

and

by

E. into

for of the donor

The supervision

hardwoods. a

of

H.

years the

of

from

Chandler. 800

removing

growing

source

for

Protection includes

town

good the

several excellent

in A

more Chandler

tract

and acres

chools

plantation

work 100 logging donor

value

growing

schools.

656

148 650

125 the of

heavily

12

condi should

to cords

years of

5 a

over

This

acres

im The real and

cut the

of fine the and and

the 67

in

is .“

acres

Club

acres

acres

acre

acres

Davis.

35 1

4 10

75

10

36

37 43 10 10

30

40 152 521

150

100

300

761

2,399 Mrs

Mountain ...

1902 .... 1895

1902

1913

sister,

with

1910

Reser

his

1919

Intervale

1902

in

River

COMMISSION.

1888,

Reservation

Reservation Arch

and

(Shelburne)

1901

(Woodstock)

(Jackson)

Springfield

(Chatham)

hampton)

Appalachian

Lost

(Randolph)

(Fitzwilliam)

Springfield.

Winnepesaukee) Hampshire.

V’/oods

in

Royal

Chatham)

of

the

FORESTRY

(Chatharn) Hubbard

Conway.

(New

Memorial

Memorial the

New

of

OF

of

(Temple)

(Lake

W.

town

Reservation

in

Reservation,

adjoining

Reservation

(North

Mountain

Reservation

Cathedral

the

Reservation

town

Reservation

Reservation

Reservation

Rollins in

Sunapee

1900

REPORT Fay

the

Colgate

Island

Charles

adjoining

the Bridge

Camp

of Reservation

Davis

Spring

Reservation

of

M.

in

rests

Arch

Brook hut Meadows,

Reservations

West

R.

Story Reservation

Mile

Baldface

Mount

public,

Kearsarge

Mine

River

Pond

Total rests

Total

*Title

on on

vation

Oifts

Club 1897

1897 not

66

*Royal

*Meadovs

**Portion

Frank Beaver

Richard

Forest Sky

Madison

Lead

Snyder

Joseph Three Farrar

South Kearsarge

Rhododendron

Cold Walter

Title

V.

in

become

of

record

into

scattered

Swanzey.

forestry

acquired

State

nstitntions

Notch, Appalachian

Notch

The

The

The

their

hardwoods

valuable

road

of

Yale

Forestry

Chalets.

following

Lakes

acquainted

management

instruction

about a

forest

This

reservation

Forest

from

and REPORT

growing

of

from

Mountain

the

Yale

lands

the

reservation

Department

huts

associations.

Keene

with

State

School

pine

and

Clouds,

OF

Forest

and

owned

condition

are

of

FORESTRY

them,

the

and

and

Club:

improvement.

900

to

located

during

woodlands

Refuge

School

is

by

by

it

does

but

Hinsdale

acres

part

is

Madison

planting.

other

through

COMMISSION.

There

the

if

the

on

not

Tract.

Hut

of

possible

on

purpose

reservations

past

public

the

are

both

have

in and

are

the

Spring,

equipment

being

few

the

to

the

many

sides

and

a

cutting

not

cooperate

years

complete

town

Pinkham

brought

private

only

Carter

of

of

such

out

has

the

for

the

to

of 69

of

none

the

the

the

also

and

like

75,356

both

were State

were

from

Totals.

425,994

113,50Q

237,138

50,000

is

at

spring

Several

private spite

private

(liStiflct

planting

to

cost

the

necessity

in

a

before

the

trees

by

and

to

This

of

considerable

which

the

work

shipped

anything

Sold

In

resumed

year.

from

conditions

is

1920.

25,000

trees

Private

of

than

38,525

28,356

244,519

177,638

State

and

been

Planting.

for

had

Trees

was

were

23,13S

made

AND

indicates

1918.

from

labor

plant

the

planting

There

75%

has

reference

another

labor

1020

of planting

to

expensive.

greater

of

trees

by

COMMISSION.

trees

have

1919

for

Ten

TraCts.

3,500

of

Planted

of

This

23,000

spring

19,500

of

XII.

fall

be

orders

on

years.

with

up

no

and

forests

Year

and Trees

nursery,

owners

the

planted

past

two

securing

Table

planting record

soon

spring

difficulties.

on

FORESTRY

be

RECORD

State

in

available

easing

owners.

land

difficult

shipment

tentative

the

past

OF

Forests.

the

The State

returned

tree

40,000

43,500

74,975

to

will

on

158,475

of

during

Trees

conditions is

REFORESTATION

labor

Planted

the

of

planting

the

the

State

labor

the

very

until

part

the

trees

trees

XII

placed

war

private

REPORT

difficulty

of

with

1919 work

land

PLANTING

to

the

nursery

Planting

Not

for

for

and

from

by

during

curtailed.

of

conditions

have

1920

1919

The

the

on

Table

nursery

and

1918

191l

of

State

cost

fall

Total

State

Period.

Owing

Spring,

Spring.

Fall, Fall,

State

each

demand

nursery

demand war.

desire the

parties

70

shipped

planted

greatly

true

work. owners.

for inefficiency

and

owners.

the normal

White

Same

Pine

Photograph

Plantation

Plantation

taken

in

in

near

1915.

1920. Concord. REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. •1

Trees are sold from the State nursery at $8.00 per thousand, which is close to the actual cost of growing them. It is expected that this price will be increased somewhat another spring. Early last spring a brief plant ing circular was issued, describing the relative suitability of the four kinds of trees supplied from the State nursery and giving directions for handling the trees and the methods of setting them out. Of the four species sup plied white pine is the best for general planting but is not adapted to high elevations, swampy places or very light sands without shade. Red pine is a fair substitute for white pine generally and grows somewhat better on light sands or gravelly soils without shade. Scotch pine is rapid growing and although inferior as a timber tree it is well adapted to sand plains and the poorest soils. Nor way spruce grows fast and may be planted at high elevations or on low, poorly drained soils. It is not believed that the planting of white pine should be dis couraged on account of the blister rust disease, but currant and gooseberry bushes should be completely re moved from the vicinity of areas to be planted to white pine. Two men work together to the best advantage in plant ing trees. A heavy spade or mattock and a pail are the only tools necessary. The standard spacing is six feet apart each way which requires about 1,200 trees to the acre. As a rule it is seldom necessary to plant over 1,000 trees to the acre. When the grass and vines make a heavy cover it is better to use a mattock to turn back a large turf and then set the trees in the center of the bare spot. By this method one man prepares the hole, while the second man follows with a pail containing enough water to cover the roots and sets a tree in each hole and care fully tamps the soil around it. The mattock man should not get far enough ahead of the planter for the holes t.o become dry. 72 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

In spade planting, the spade is stuck vertically in the ground, worked forward and back until a hole, is opened large enough for the roots to be placed in the bottom. The planter working closely with the spade man, inserts the roots either before or after the spade is removed, as the soil may require. As soon as the roots are in place the spade man stamps beside the opening once and steps ahead to make the next hole. By so doing the tree is held in position until the planter can rise to his feet and thoroughly tamp the soil about the tree. Two men can easily plant an average acre of land in a day. The present area of the State nursery including the farm and woodlands is 142 acres, Of this, 24 acres are tillable but 16 acres are unfit for growing trees because of heavy or uneven soil conditions and poor drainage. For a number of years the Forestry Department has rented a boarding house and one and a half acres of good land adjoining the nursery which will not be available another year. The greatest yearly output from the nursery has been 443,000 trees, including trees grown on leased land. Without this land and eliminating areas unfit for growing trees there are only eight acres avail able for nursery use. The area of eight acres can produce perhaps 800,000 trees but to do this it will be necessary to spend $1,700 for an improved water supply in addition to considerable expense for building up the soil with crops and fertilizer. It is believed that the State should be able to supply trees in greatly increased quantities. There is a quarantine against the shipment of trees into New Hamp shire from other states and there is only one commercial nursery in the State. People expect the Forestry Depart ment to supply them with forest trees. We must look ahead many years to measure the possibilities of forest plainting. An output of one million trees annually can easily be anticipated. Several years are required to build REPORT OF FORESTRY 0MM ISS1ON. up a State nursery since no trees are large enough to be shipped until they are at least three years old. A new nursery site including buildings should be purchased at a cost of not less than $8,000. Such an area should be selected with special reference to an unlimited water supply and should be near a labor center so that the necessary help can be secured and boarded during busy periods at the nursery. With the purchase of a nursery site the Forestry Commission should be authorized to sell the present State nursery, farm and buildings as soon as the trees now growing there are disposed of and return the funds received to the State Treasury. Roadside tree planting should be encouraged. The Forestry Department has in the past furnished many trees for planting along State highways and by towns and schools. Since the war started this practice has been largely discontinued, but should be revived. The sugges tion ha been made that each town plant one memorial tree for every personwho went to the front from his towii or who gave his life during the war. This has been done in many parts of the country. Tree wardens should be appointed by the mayors of cities and the selectmen of towns, as provided by law, to look after the welfare of shade trees and encourage the planting of new trees. Women might very properly be appointed to this position in many towns and school teachers among others should interest themselves in this field of work. As soon as there is ademand for shade trees by towns and municipalities the Forestry Department is authorized and will endeavor to supply the trees free of charge.

a a

of

as

to

in

as

an

to

the

the

that

into

four

farm

many

and

forest

fot

degree in

remote

land

County

persons

familiar

1920

valuable

and

into obtained.

condition. resources.

forests determine

merchant of timber

persons

out

abandoned

of

timber

basis been

Department

to of large

thousands

lands

most

Hampshire

or

vere

a

among improved

to sections

young

were

conditions

what forest

divided

classes

kind

have spring

to

various

growth

were

New

opinions.

Merrimack

exhausted

deficient survey and

of

forest

growing

that

by

our

the Forestry a

in

maps local point

growth in

a each

RESOURCES. were

then who

opinion

but

COMMISSION.

merchantable

In

timber,

of our

There

various

of

the

second

in

hazard and

information

of

all

with

young

of

began

growth,

of

mixed

areas

the were

extent,

in towns

to

more question

Many

checked

of

ago

are

are

forgetting

conditions

and

FORESTRY

amount FOREST

the

land

now

timber.

some have

obtained. loath

condition

were

familiar

OF

authentic agency

variation

inferior

to

to

OF

Typical

showing

The

districts

we

division character

forests

forest

merchantable The

century no

woods

and

a

were comprise. Commission

were

and

a

virgin

on

figures

wide

figures

our

pasture

that

but and

REPORT

contention,

everywhere

a

and

1919.

hard

answer

of

tile

who

available

half

modified

really

old

is prepared

pastures.

of

waste

namely,

SURVEY

amount

on

think insist

their Forestry

of

agricultural

was

examined.

conditions

informed town and

than

was

timber

amount

tabulated

every

woods,

the

There

The

check

Some

74

day

Others well to woodlands from land work acres composed prove speculations, resources with the ihtelligent able were soft summer classes, growth, each map and a The came state

business gaged

chiefs

formerly

alone northern survey Table and importance plete special the shire

also been area conditions herein

of

The

actual

the

the

gives

as into

actually

covered, report

gave

in and

College,

XIII

results

given. has

funds

possible

State

southern

scouting

Assistant

in

consists

use

area

other

the

for

his

not

REPORT

of

gives

on connection

in

have

another covered.

making

results are

covered

the the worked

undivided

the yet

field order

during

is

for

for of

being

OF Professor

entire results

been

subject.

been

made

Coos,

the agents

each for

FORESTRY

year a

to

by

during

It

the

with total

shown available.

blister cover completed,

the

group

attention

up

the

is

so group

and Grafton

current

made

hoped of of

entire

of

field far

their

the

as

COMM

then

the under Forestry

rust

are

58%

the

warrant

large

men this

to

summer

group, to seven

and

Mr.

regular

proportionate

season. but

disease,

correct 1SSION.

various

of

this

two

complete

work

in

a

A. Carroll

130

at the

percent this

other

a

assuming

project.

groups.

W.

New

the months

rather work.

an

towns district

divisions State.

Crews

survey

Gamash,

counties.

order

the

counties

estimates.

Hamp

of

to

com

have

42% The

The

the

that The- en

fire and No

and

the

of

of ______

Table FOREST SURVEY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.

MERCHANTAB[.E TIMBER. YOUNG GROWTH. a ‘ a ca a a THOUSAND BOARD FEET. AREA IN ACRES. 87 a a 54 ‘O I E’ ‘0 a ‘.9 Area ‘0 ‘2 C 0 a a in 0 0 0 ‘0 . I TOTAL 87 0 0 .0 o a - acres. . , a A ORES. ‘-4 ‘I a ‘° — ,- .Sii S El 00 a C a a 0 0 C ‘.9 ; B 1-4 “2 Es “4 C Area surveyed north 87 7.2419.453 41,463 2,2541,861 1.9 ern three counties 699,669 494,4641.845,421 121,558 2.003,981 4,466.432 187,050 242,58s1 278,988 763,906 509.1351 291,743 02 -3 Area surveyed south 87 31,165 1,208,015 ern seven counties 93,477 554,325 100,64C 56,150 110,787 870,900 112,313 91,098 120,4501_323,861 453,875j 305,637 1.176.854 -3 3458,876 Total area surveyed. 793,146 1,048,789 1,953,061 177,708 2,155,774 5.337,332 299,363 333,966 399,438,1.032.767 963,010 597,380 1,380.303 7-2,573 C

Balance northern 02 three counties, esti 02 but not Sur mated 144,093 C veyed 194,873 137, 719 513,9! 33,857 558,434 1,244,000 52,098 67,644 77,704 197,446 141,805 81,257 615,381 28,712 z Balance south ciii seven counties, es. timated but not 457,189 640,727 66,547 1,727,885 surveyed 131,960 82,531 154,777 79,266 212,868 1.129.434 158,550128.602 1700371 431,46211.661.338 Total in State 1.119.979 1,969.639i2.623.828, 290,831 7.927.068 7.81 0,766 510,011. 53 21 047,179l.687,402,1,745,542,1.110.099 5,64,3.022 167,832. 5,830854 REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. 7T

In round numbers the total area of the state is 5,83O,00 acres. This has been determined from maps of the Forestry Department in the absence of any uniform. figures giving town areas elsewhere obtainable, Of the total area of the State 1,120,000 acres or 19% are classed as merchantable timber; 1,68,000 acres or 29% as young valuable growth; 1,745,000 acres or 30% as waste and inferior growth; 1,110,000 or 19% as improved land and good pastures; and 168,000 acres or 3% as water surface. It is interesting to note that the area of merchantable timber is about the same as the area of tillage and good pasture. The area classed as merchantable contains approxi mately 7.8 billion feet of merchantable timber. Of this 25% is pine, 34% spruce, 4% hemlock and 37% hard woods. Poplar, which is a valuable paper wood, is included with the hardwoods and co&id not he separated. The area classed as young valuable growth is divided into soft wood, spruce and fir, 30%; mixed soft woods and hard woods 32%, and hard woods 38%. It should be understood that young valuable growth means unmerchantable growing timber f various species ranging from areas of reproduction to areas approaching the merchantable stage, with the ground well stocked with trees and promising to furnish our supply of timber when the present merchantable timber is exhausted. It was found to he impossible to divide this, except roughly into soft woods, mixed growth and hard woods, or. to express the amount in terms of board feet. Much of this growth will not be merchantable for 50 years; some of it under present methods of logging small timber will come into the market in a much shorter time. The term waste land is intended to represent recent burns nt reproducing to valuable species, rock out-crops and steep slopes with deficient soil covering and absence of seeding trees and other areas reforesting to worthless

to

is

of

far

the

cut

we

To

the

and

for the

will

be

sup

and

used even

area

value

only

acres,

likeli

timber

young

show

acres,

as

species

by

in

waste inevit

to

cannot

be

of

fire

of

the

to

of

stand

food

has

assuming

is,

which

needless

will

within With timber

future

years.

well

it

lumber

every

will

is

likely

called

largely

from

timber

Hampshire

area

no

Approximately

as

merchantable

upon

as

is

of

production

given

cut

1,745,000

even

much

It timber

after output

our

1,687,000

valuable

which

so

so

not

There

value

the

twelve

of

all

are

by

the

New

to

estimated

is

pulp

poplar.

lands

tle

there

as

gives

prevail

State,

in

higher

years,

it

made

which

birch,

growing

of high

entirely,

area

were

and

about

and

market.

important

COMMISSION.

protecting

of

of

production

figures

our double

but

indefinitely.

producing

State.

disease.

now

same

present

not

land,

years timber

gray

fir

upon

the of

to

last

this

This

fifteen

and

figures

of

No

if

although

the

reforested

and

as

fuel now

the

represented

now

ten

If than

our

be

idle

valuable

lumber

needs

in

yearly

if

last

growth

fire

areas

is

reach

to

for

FORESTRY

not

these

of

needs not

last would

spruce,

area

our

Considerable

valuable

to

true,

local

OF

timber.

output,

feet.

largely,

of

is

wood

species

may

values

off

the

eventually

This

to

the

with

planting.

which

importance

wood

it

average

not

our

appear

with

timber

land

us

fuel

through

and

timber

by

such

draw

is

young

loss

value.

the

REPORT

use.

fire,

of

The

million present

falling

hardwoods

may approximately

during

or to

growth,

valuable

supply

no

supply

a

our

come

it

supply

waste

is

enable

inaccessible

prices

the

(350

to

and

restocked is

except

wood

which

depend.

that

to

oak

as

be

to

future

have

consideration

can

pulpwood

too

amount

conservative

The

young

A

fuel

ting

for

and

would

which valuable

be

plies

merchantable

higher emphasize

for

hood

ably below -disease

begin there

large

about

will of years

be

state, merchantable

th

pulpwood

reflection.

scrub come value,

area a REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. two thirds of this waste land area lies in the southern counties of the state. It is most abundant where population and market for timber are greatest. The reforestation of this vast area is the most difficult problem to solve in our whole scheme to make lands con tinuously productive. There is no question but some means of reforesting these lands will have to be worked out in the future.

41 Logging White Pine in Southern New Hampshire. This area was an 01(1 field 37 years ago.

Forest Fire Trailer. Supplied to towns at half price—$70.

-

of

ex

800

the

has

The

the the

field

apple

orna

acres,

work

every

in

season

is

public

private

survey

various

of

demand

summer

a

between

the

following

and

a

effort

acres.

in

of

1,800

improving

2.200

and

services

and

work.

without

Lands.

experienced

for

the

actual

up

mapping

years

on:

While

in

An

The

350

handle

the

period

shade

and

handle

that work

moth

two

work

towns,

type

can

engaged

the

surveys

winter

pruning

during

Private

mapping

lose

parties

carried

State.

building

who

the

developments

on

past

moth

mapping

to

possible.

last

trained

land,

and

gypsy

by men

were

pruning $7,193.00.

on

the

type

COMMISSiON.

recently

during

assist

the

to

as for

to

was

crews

type

and

part

to

SUBJECTS.

gypsy

they

been

S

retain

these maps

until

in

private

operations

work

Manchester,

Government

paid

such

to

rust

Moultonhoro.

Harbor,

of

during

interesting

FORESTRY

made

Department

have

trees,

undesirable

expense

been

such

winter

and

amounted

which

OF

work

work

order

avoided

been

woodlands

not

Department

they

blister

Parker,

Manchester,

most principal

Center

preparing

in

is

apple

most

GENERAL

of

owners Last

State

State

secure

lan’hard.

work

the

Forestry

has

is

the

without

M.

the

REPORT

B

for

after

the

to

acres.

it

of

of

This

outside

the

Dow,

the

always

2,000

Department

It

of

Dane,

of

trees,

spring

time.

of

thinning

of

to

amount

men

for

B.

has

done

land

list

made 3,500

private

and

Work

George

Walter Perry

a

E.

agents

more.

One

trees.

acres.

ing

pruning

is

total pense

kinds lands,

mental

winter

for

period. these

work

or

foremen

fall

by

their

been

institutions

Forestry work

effort 80 shade

general conia, woodlands

woodland

very is promise during work

why institutions operating

be

their under work. take in

to

needed expense handle

a so

New

New Town

Mrs. Guy Miss A

to

degree

made The

the New

doing,

large

become

great.

and

charge a performed

pruning

lands,

forestry Hampshire

WT. Caroline

the J.

Hampshire state

improvement

further

of

more on

There

to

Hampshire during

General

eventually.

ornamental

and not A.

amount

and

and Meredith,

help

State winter

REPORT

Currier,

at

and an

hut

at of

Plans

Tracy,

important

now

brush

least

500

marketing making

principles agency

is

present the

step Fox,

to

the

last

Conway work

private are

of

period

a OF

foreseen. apple State Court

encourage

for

work

State

winter. duplicate

Peterboro, winter. burning.

possibility Hilisboro, are New toward work pruning

unable work trees

FORESTRY

Many

from

for

trails.

next

is

operations

trees. Home

anxious

individuals

Common

and

for if

of

of

actual in

Hospital,

London, of and

in

one

the

private

In timber

to

winter

l)eing giving If

private

this

street

private the the

1915 woodlands.

COMMISSION.

gypsy

improvement

the time surveying,

season for

state

personally

of

cooperation

to

amount demand nature

Lands.

for Forestry

able

Feeble operating

trees.

surveying,

products passed

owners

assistance are it

practice

owners. Concord,

can there

forestry

moth

may to

individuals

to

under

can

another

find

and appears

thinning,

Minded,

keep

supervise

be is

work.

of

Department

a

with

thinning

be

forestry

should

the

woodlands no

practice possible

The

woodland extent

in way thinning

pruning resolution

handled

the

without

way towns,

reason

and

actual

to

value

La

and

and

men

not 81

the

be

of

of

on

by to

to

to in

of

and and

the the

the

such

The

that

fires,

town

much

acres.

of

which

and

which

carried

rights.

search

passed

cutting

holding

worked

Common brought time the

property

scattered continue

he

be

claimants,

show

end

made

260

of During

forest

be

Rattlesnake

to

to more.

been management

each

allotment

plan

growth

investigate boundaries

original

has

can a

could

part

the

widely complete

or

present

with extensive

determine

Cdmpany,

have

to have

common

about

acres

Conway

as

lands.

the

be

of

and

proper

and to southern

and

as the

forest

and

of

to

600

outstanding

the

Department

eastern

COMMISSION.

time

and

of

proprietors

At the purpose.

61 which

would

Commission

less

titles management.

out.

to

together Granite

order

slopes

settlement made

of

came at

the

settlement

careful

common

the

acquired or

Commission

more

the

in bare

a

and area

in town be

laid

a

Commission

the

final

for

rights, of

present

years

69

Forestry

has

FORESTRY

The rights

the

these

more

vicinity.

can

promiscuous

quarry

that

purchased

make

any

the

transfer

OF

of

conditions,

the

a

of

reforestation

amounting

possibly

funds entirely

to

the

situated

so

Hampshire

to

many

include

these claimants

area

condition. Forestry of

by

purpose

have originally

which

acquired

the

in

State.

and

up

are of

acres

before

originally

reforestation

to

forest

result the regarded of

REPORT

the

the and

the

to New

special

almost

was

a years

Courts,

the

operates

valid 100

is five,

Commission all

all

the

living

is

lands

valid necessary were

area

As

to

to It period

and

of

future

the

claims

are

are than

and

be

within

a

productive

are

the

possibilities

area

investigations

Conway

without for

by

those

satisfy

These

title

There

right

Investigations

will

82

authorizing Lands

the examine pertaining

investigations on

of range.

over the poor a owns and

by Maine

range,

Forestry There

on intervening to There larger

it of

about. titles the lands

out particularly

trees Many subject there

by

number to mas there

until war

500,000 ford, During

Coos

were Sugar output Pittsburg the serious

pulp

needed. shipped locality, The

proach chiefly for

chase some

the

time the Since

As

trees

cars for the

the

has

farmers Colebrook,

the

cutting

wood, were

persons

and

made

a

Forestry of

Hill

the

instances was to requires

objections trees

rule

the owned this

a the

trees

number

considerable

and been fall

the would

being

Grafton

carload and determine

REPORT

with

trees

216,000

The furnish

owners 360,000. lumber

to

the

past purpose of

do

of owing

shipped

cars

they are

legislation

Milwaukee. points

by spruces made Department

not

West reference Christmas

1919 trees some

otherwise

delivered

of

where

OF

contains

to counties. fall outspoken

farmers.

the trees

are wish and and

get

to

trees

FORESTRY

the No

this

and

from and from

are outside comment

Stewartstown,

250

the

bulk

there

what either and other

slow

figures

the to extent shipped

cut

to

traffic

it to

in

cars.

shipped

to distance

Tree

the

be

about New

buy

firs

of

is have

prevent

its

some the Jobbers The farmers from

the

commodities

to have offer of against

COMMISSION.

available

the probable

State.

throughout

for

were

of effect

in

Industry. standing

This New

Hampshfre little

return

railroad.

away

2,000 been

towns

old

output

christmas shipments fell them states

Christmas to

been

r

Stark,

it. obtainedrom

from which In wish

is trees upon the

England pastures

off made

trees

and

for that

one a where of

the

Investigations

or like

approximately

and

very

from slaughter

considerably. the

Littleton

are In the North

to the

transporting chiefly in

the

offer fall

of

the

during from

trees,

of

trees

Vermont

shipments

either

country, keel)

worth. which small 1912

as

the

cities forests. the they

trees

of

Christ

present

to

Strat far

time

1910 is from 1912

most since same

83 the

and their the

ptlr of case sum

a

are

are are ap

as

In

if

or

his

ob

the left

not

fair

few

and

sold

very

each

tops

over

trees

a

slash

more

a

if

trees.

is

forest

would

for

owners

not

planted

growtl

Depart

little

growing

the only

thinning

consump

are

lumber

condition. when

a

S.

with only

apart

the

brush

than

spruce

sight

trees

and

Commission

worth

the

of become

get

and

value receive

of

consideration

U.

by

acres

in

using

and

be

second

feet

to

Christmas

trees

Christmas

fair

dollars

date

a

the then

by

form

trees

receive

young

with

tree

a

500

covered

of

jobbers

scatters

for

should

improved

centers

to

paper

eight

the

Forestry

had

pile

by would

Christmas

legitimate

with

willing

size

small

but

done

Disease.

in

Pasture

COMMISSION. to

every

is

several

of

distant

for

large

jobber the

owning

cutting

owner

Turning

pasture

be

receives

slash

trees

are

out

countenanced

farmer

no

best

six

a

right

disease

the

by

Bark

the

be

the bring

at

near

the

value land

purchasd

nearly

the

output

the

grow.

they

the

anything

into industry

FORESTRY

owner

The

should

from

to

approximately

not

spread

cooperation

practice.

to

of may

that

The

fir

ground.

is what

OF

only

permit

companies

and

leaves

in

Usually

of

future

tree

trees

fair

readily

land

the

cutting

purpose

Chestnut

present

left

the

and

trees

and

rule

should

of

and

city.

spaced

which

cutting

not

1912

the

the

a

ar.d

to

paper the

investigation

area

this cutting

REPORT

are

more

cutting

believed

is

left

if

them.

in

the

as and

near

the

and

is

is become

It

trees

clear ones,

spruce

an

for Agriculture.

and

dangerous

in

for

and

first

trees

Christmas

trees.

not

It

a

cut

of

trees

realize

and

of

supply

for

made

of

will

confined

in

what

pasture,

trees

grow.

land.

retail

will

The

larger

To

The

ment

was

legitimate

annually tion

require of

to way.

for

jectionable

value

tops at

of cents

when

and

forest

81

grown treesandthe

Lumber these

fir shapely

and They

nothing

pastures of the York many destructive tion

progress. that and markets widespread dispose on the Commission to throughout blister Young a

white almost Most gooseberry roadsides had without

growing develop, years. to property tion

no

The

The

the healthy

its

afford

brst

of

no

clean-cut,

been

was

in

arid

border areas

power pines subject

rapid

question rust

complete $500.00

sprouts of

A

practical

SeaSons

New

for

an

while

timber

tax relief

swept

their and

number directed

Pennsylvania The

over of condition REPORT

their

throughout

disease. bushes

alternating

eventually

chestnut further

spread towns

to

as

in

Hampshire, chestnut

pastures. of

for

Taxation

to

satisfactory

work

are

diseased

of

has

pass

pasing 1914

applied

work

the

by

range

means

course

owners

of the

two OF

wherever

destroyed

in

towards

been of

appropriations

fire.

At

chestnut

and

states

of

directly

FORESTRY

and

and

this

general it

the

if

growth are

years

host

southern

of

to the the trees.

older

were and

was

of

under upon

we

A

of

We

helping

as

chestnut state.

chestnut

generally the

without

have

Forest

present substitute

young, Forestry like

do as

gathering

found

the

was had

in almost

from areas

property treessuccumbmoreslowly. iii

the

are

now

class COMMISSION.

A

discussion

not

in

other

passed

fate

white

sight

An

gained

bulletin made New

advice

woodland

likely

the

were

Land.

that

from

one

growing look

destroy

bark in

infection

time

of

diseased.

as

annual

may

Department

states, case

for property tax

New

pine

for

information

quickly

the tree in England, laws

discontinued.

as

our

of

to

disease

chestnut a

and

was

1913.

as come

stopping

the

though

foothold

disease

currant the witness

of

occurs.

woodlands,

timber,

to appropria

Hampshire

owners

which

applied

investiga

for

are

prepared

Forestry

Trees

the

another

as

has

general

to

is

After

many

New

after

trees

rare.

they

they

pine was

due

and

aim our

the but

yet its

on

8,5

in

to

in

to RRI’ORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. been devised. In New Hampshire amendment to the Constitution is necessary before any legislation on the subject is possible. Several amendments have been proposed at various conventions within recent years but have either failed of passage in convention or of ratifica tion by the people. At the convention of 1920 the follow ing resolution to amend Article 5 of the Constitution was proposed, but failed to pass: “That the General Court may provide for such special tax valuation of growing wood and timber upon such conditions and restrictions as will tend to prevent the premature cutting thereof, to assure a continuous supply of forest products and to protect the sources of our streams; and may also provide for taxation of the value of such growing wood and timber when cut at’ a special rate in excess of rates on other classes of property; and for these purposes may define growing wood and timber and classify the same.” Whether or not a similar proposal will ever again be considered, the fact remains that when timber lots are assessed at near their full valuation the owners will not as a rule continue to hold them and if they do, they are subjected to loss. The report of the Forestry Commission for 1915 and 1916 analyzes this feature of the subject, and shows also that there is a distinct financial loss to the towns when the valuations are raised to the point where the owners will not continue to hold the timber. V,There the assessed valuation exceeds 50 per cent of the actual value on poor ly growing lots or exceeds 75 per cent on good growing lots, the owner will generally lose unless be cuts the tim ber at once and the town will always lose when he does cut. The problem of forest taxation is not equally acute throughout the State on all classes of forest land. The hardship is most apparent in the white pine sections where growing pine lots are approaching the merchant

j REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION. 87 able stage and the question of whether to cut them or to hold theni is more likely to be decided by the owner on the basis of what his taxes amount to. It is shameful to see the number of young pine lots, which are being cut and thrown on the market prematurely, often when they are in the best of growing condition and should continue to grow for some years longer. If some simple, easily understood and workable method can be devised for taxing growing timber such as legaliz ing a lower valuation or a lower rate applied on full valuation when the constitutional objections are re moved, it is believed that great relief may be secured to owners without any loss to the towns. Methods of appraisal should be more systematic and forest lands of the same value should be more uniformly assessed in the same towns, and in different towns. There is also great need for land surveys in most towns in order to check up the areas assessed with the total areas of the towns.

Forestry Work at New Hampshire College. The following statement of forestry work at the State College was prepared by Karl W. Woodward, Professor of Forestry, Durham, N. H. The Forestry Department at New Hampshire College has three main functions. In the first place, a course in woodlot forestry is given to all agricultural students. In addition special training is given to those men who wish to prepare for graduate forest schools and for those who wish to go into the forest industries of New Hampshire. The second duty of this Department is the prosecution of forest research. Only a beginning has been made in this because of lack of funds. Likewise, the third function has only been developed to a minor degree because of lack of funds. This is extension work , in woodlot forestry. Through the REPORT OF FORESTRY COMMISSION.

County Agents it is possible to reach the owners of farm wood lots throughout the State.

Society for Protection of New Hampshire Forests. It would be remiss to close this report without ac knowledging the service performed by the Society for Protection of New Hampshire Forests in developing an interest in forestry among the people of New I-Iainpshire, in shaping and helping to build up ur State Forestry organization, arid in cncouraging the passage by Con gress of the tVeeks Law, under which the establishment of the White Mountain National Forest was made pos sible and financial aid was furnished the State in forest fire protection. In addition to lectures, publication of leaflets and circulars about forestry, and general educational work, the Society holds a summer meeting each year within the State winch calls together prominent timberland and woodlot owners, foresters and many other persons in terested in forestry within the State and from other States. The Society owns twelve reservations to protect places of unusual importance and natural scenic value for the benefit of the general public, the total area being 2,400 acres. Perhaps the best known of these is the Lost River Reservation in Woodstock. For much of the excellent work done, the Society and the people of New Hampshire are indebted to Philip ‘N. Ayres, who has given the better part of his life to the activities of the Society as its forester. Traveling Clerical Salary Printing Incidentals Field District Printing Lookout Prevention Fire From Nirsery Care White Reforestation Forest Fines

Clerical Salary Traveling Field Lookout Printing Incidentals Fire District Prevention From Nursery Care Reforestation White Forest Fines

Lands

Lands .

Wardens’

and

Wardens’

and Assistance

Sale

Pine sale

Assistance

of

Fire Pine

Fire of

Expense

Chiefs

Stations

Expense Report Blanks

Chiefs

‘Stations acquisition

Expense

Blanks

acquisition

Forester Forester Expense of

of

of

Blister

of

YEAR

Bills

Bills

Blister

REPORT

YEAR

Stock FINANCIAL

Fires

stock Conferences

Conferences

Fires

to

to

Rust

$2,000.00

ENDING

4,000.00

1,606.83

Rust

Towns

ENDING

Towu,s OF

of

of

970.101

State

FORESTRY State

ç

4

STATEMENT. AUGUST

Appropri-

AUGUST

$54,190.10

$59,711.83 $3,000.00

$3,000.00

10,000.00

2,000.00 ations.

10,000.00 2,000.00

1,500.00 4,800.00 1,000.00

2 2,700.00 7,000.00

3,000.00 2,000.00 ‘.500.0(

1,200.00 2,500.00’ 5,000.00 5,400.00 1600.00 3,000.00 8,000.00 ‘ 1,000.00 2,500.00 5,000.00

7,500.00

000.00

500.00 070 800.00

900.00 606 COMMISSION.

20.00

5.00

10

83

Expended.

31,

31,

$54,187.82

$56,501.60

$3000.00

$3,000.00

10,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00

4,800.00 1,500.00 1,000.00 2 2,699.30 7,000.00 2,000.00 T,1!9,92 1,200.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 2,500.00 7,999.10 5.400.00 1,600.00 9,999.70 5 3,000.00 1,000.00 2,500.00 5,000.00 4,290.76

1919.

, 900.00 500.00 1920. 799.10 96q

900.00

606

20.00

5.00

80

83

Balance

expended.

$3,210.14 $0.00

$2.28 3,209.24

0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.70 0.00 0.90

0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.30

30 $0.00

Un

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 000 0.00 0.00 0.90

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00